UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549
FORM 10-Q

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the quarterly period ended March 31, 20212022
 Or
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission file number 001-31220

COMMUNITY TRUST BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Kentucky61-0979818
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(IRS Employer Identification No.)
  
346 North Mayo Trail
P.O. Box 2947
Pikeville, Kentucky
41502
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip code)

(606) 432-1414
(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common Stock
(Title of class)

CTBI
Nasdaq Global Select Market
(Trading symbol)(Name of exchange on which registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  ☑
No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every interactive data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes  ☑
No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☐
Accelerated Filer  ☑
Non-accelerated Filer  ☐
   
Smaller Reporting Company ☐
Emerging Growth Company ☐
 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.        ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐
   No ☑

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practical date.

Common stock – 17,831,47917,895,181 shares outstanding at April 30, 20212022



CAUTIONARY STATEMENT
REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain of the statements contained herein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. Community Trust Bancorp, Inc.’s (“CTBI”) actual results may differ materially from those included in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words or phrases such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “may increase,” “may fluctuate,” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” and “could.” These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, economic conditions, portfolio growth, the credit performance of the portfolios, including bankruptcies, and seasonal factors; changes in general economic conditions including the performance of financial markets, prevailing inflation and interest rates, realized gains from sales of investments, gains from asset sales, and losses on commercial lending activities; the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business operations and credit quality and on general economic and financial market conditions, as well as our ability to respond to the related challenges; our participation in the Paycheck Protection Program administered by the Small Business Administration; results of various investment activities; the effects of competitors’ pricing policies, changes in laws and regulations, competition, and demographic changes on target market populations’ savings and financial planning needs; industry changes in information technology systems on which we are highly dependent; failure of acquisitions to produce revenue enhancements or cost savings at levels or within the time frames originally anticipated or unforeseen integration difficulties; and the resolution of legal  proceedings and related matters. In addition, the banking industry in general is subject to various monetary, operational, and fiscal policies and regulations, which include, but are not limited to, those determined by the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and state regulators, whose policies, regulations, and enforcement actions could affect CTBI’s results.  These statements are representative only on the date hereof, and CTBI undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The accompanying information has not been audited by our independent registered public accountants; however, in the opinion of management such information reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period.  All such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the requirements of Form 10-Q and consequently do not include all of the disclosures normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America or those normally made in the Registrant’s annual report on Form 10-K.  Accordingly, the reader of the Form 10-Q should refer to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20202021 for further information in this regard.


1
Community Trust Bancorp, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(dollars in thousands) 
(unaudited)
March 31
2021
  
December 31
2020
 
Assets:      
Cash and due from banks $66,664  $54,250 
Interest bearing deposits  356,441   283,985 
Cash and cash equivalents  423,105   338,235 
         
Certificates of deposit in other banks  245   245 
Debt securities available-for-sale at fair value (amortized cost of $1,150,224 and $978,774, respectively)
  1,155,195   997,261 
Equity securities at fair value  2,243   2,471 
Loans held for sale  17,748   23,259 
         
Loans  3,538,804   3,554,211 
Allowance for credit losses  (45,346)  (48,022)
Net loans  3,493,458   3,506,189 
         
Premises and equipment, net  40,997   42,001 
Right-of-use assets  12,787   13,215 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock  9,971   10,048 
Federal Reserve Bank stock  4,887   4,887 
Goodwill  65,490   65,490 
Bank owned life insurance  72,710   72,373 
Mortgage servicing rights  5,584   4,068 
Other real estate owned  6,224   7,694 
Accrued interest receivable  15,188   15,818 
Other assets  34,287   35,887 
Total assets $5,360,119  $5,139,141 
         
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:        
Deposits:        
Noninterest bearing $1,283,309  $1,140,925 
Interest bearing  2,950,463   2,875,157 
Total deposits  4,233,772   4,016,082 
         
Repurchase agreements  354,235   355,862 
Federal funds purchased  500   500 
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank  390   395 
Long-term debt  57,841   57,841 
Deferred tax liability  530   4,687 
Operating lease liability  12,111   12,531 
Finance lease liability  1,438   1,441 
Accrued interest payable  1,365   1,243 
Other liabilities  35,868   33,694 
Total liabilities  4,698,050   4,484,276 
         
Shareholders’ equity:        
Preferred stock, 300,000 shares authorized and unissued
  0   0 
Common stock, $5.00 par value, shares authorized 25,000,000; shares outstanding 2021 – 17,826,076; 2020 – 17,810,401
  89,131   89,052 
Capital surplus  225,861   225,507 
Retained earnings  343,511   326,738 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax  3,566   13,568 
Total shareholders’ equity  662,069   654,865 
         
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $5,360,119  $5,139,141 

(dollars in thousands) 
(unaudited)
March 31
2022
  
December 31
2021
 
Assets:      
Cash and due from banks $58,352  $46,558 
Interest bearing deposits  106,133   265,198 
Cash and cash equivalents  164,485   311,756 
         
Certificates of deposit in other banks  245   245 
Debt securities available-for-sale at fair value (amortized cost of $1,588,129 and $1,461,829, respectively)
  1,503,165   1,455,429 
Equity securities at fair value  2,352   2,253 
Loans held for sale  1,941   2,632 
         
Loans  3,515,541   3,408,813 
Allowance for credit losses  (42,309)  (41,756)
Net loans  3,473,232   3,367,057 
         
Premises and equipment, net  40,738   40,479 
Right-of-use assets  11,941   12,148 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock  8,139   8,139 
Federal Reserve Bank stock  4,887   4,887 
Goodwill  65,490   65,490 
Bank owned life insurance  91,530   91,097 
Mortgage servicing rights  7,748   6,774 
Other real estate owned  2,299   3,486 
Deferred tax asset
  19,574   0 
Accrued interest receivable  15,024   15,415 
Other assets  30,343   30,970 
Total assets $5,443,133  $5,418,257 
         
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:        
Deposits:        
Noninterest bearing $1,398,529  $1,331,103 
Interest bearing  3,029,775   3,013,189 
Total deposits  4,428,304   4,344,292 
         
Repurchase agreements  254,623   271,088 
Federal funds purchased  500   500 
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank  370   375 
Long-term debt  57,841   57,841 
Deferred tax liability  0   546 
Operating lease liability  11,380   11,583 
Finance lease liability  1,416   1,422 
Accrued interest payable  1,306   1,016 
Other liabilities  34,022   31,392 
Total liabilities  4,789,762   4,720,055 
         
Shareholders’ equity:        
Preferred stock, 300,000 shares authorized and unissued
  0   0 
Common stock, $5.00 par value, shares authorized 25,000,000; shares outstanding 2022 – 17,884,106; 2021 – 17,843,081
  89,420   89,215 
Capital surplus  227,589   227,085 
Retained earnings  399,347   386,750 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax  (62,985)  (4,848)
Total shareholders’ equity  653,371   698,202 
         
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $5,443,133  $5,418,257 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

Community Trust Bancorp, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(unaudited)

 Three Months Ended  Three Months Ended 
 March 31  March 31 
(in thousands except per share data) 2021  2020  2022  2021 
Interest income:            
Interest and fees on loans, including loans held for sale $40,689  $40,465  $38,167  $40,689 
Interest and dividends on securities                
Taxable  2,575   3,046   4,384   2,575 
Tax exempt  739   527   772   739 
Interest and dividends on Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock  124   140   114   124 
Interest on Federal Reserve Bank deposits  76   496   82   76 
Other, including interest on federal funds sold  8   25   8   8 
Total interest income  44,211   44,699   43,527   44,211 
                
Interest expense:                
Interest on deposits  3,387   6,942   2,954   3,387 
Interest on repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased  304   1,004   254   304 
Interest on long-term debt  278   509   287   278 
Total interest expense  3,969   8,455   3,495   3,969 
                
Net interest income  40,242   36,244   40,032   40,242 
Provision for credit losses  (2,499)  12,707 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses  42,741   23,537 
Provision for credit losses (recovery)
  875   (2,499)
Net interest income after provision for credit losses (recovery)
  39,157   42,741 
                
Noninterest income:                
Service charges on deposit accounts  6,022   5,916 
Deposit related fees
  6,746   6,022 
Gains on sales of loans, net  2,433   483   597   2,433 
Trust and wealth management income  2,951   2,884   3,248   2,951 
Loan related fees  2,270   95   2,062   2,270 
Bank owned life insurance  573   573   691   573 
Brokerage revenue  457   372   590   457 
Securities gains (losses)  (168)  249   99   (168)
Other noninterest income  1,039   949   932   1,039 
Total noninterest income  15,577   11,521   14,965   15,577 
                
Noninterest expense:                
Officer salaries and employee benefits  3,738   2,751   3,882   3,738 
Other salaries and employee benefits  13,095   12,280   13,656   13,095 
Occupancy, net  2,195   1,985   2,245   2,195 
Equipment  633   721   609   633 
Data processing  2,159   1,978   2,201   2,159 
Bank franchise tax  360   1,812   415   360 
Legal fees  352   477   301   352 
Professional fees  541   569   566   541 
Advertising and marketing  722   634   752   722 
FDIC insurance  326   147   355   326 
Other real estate owned provision and expense  318   869   353   318 
Repossession expense  199   135   100   199 
Amortization of limited partnership investments  837   888   733   837 
Other noninterest expense  2,835   2,975   3,191   2,835 
Total noninterest expense  28,310   28,221   29,359   28,310 
                
Income before income taxes  30,008   6,837   24,763   30,008 
Income taxes  6,390   258   5,035   6,390 
Net income  23,618   6,579   19,728   23,618 
                
Other comprehensive income (loss):                
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on debt securities available-for-sale:        
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period  (13,456)  2,147 
Less: Reclassification adjustments for realized gains on debt securities included in net income  60   481 
Tax expense (benefit)  (3,514)  433 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax  (10,002)  1,233 
Comprehensive income $13,616  $7,812 
Unrealized holding losses on debt securities available-for-sale:        
Unrealized holding losses arising during the period  (78,564)  (13,456)
Less: Reclassification adjustments for realized gains included in net income  0   60 
Tax benefit  (20,427)  (3,514)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax  (58,137)  (10,002)
Comprehensive income (loss)
 $(38,409) $13,616 
                
Basic earnings per share $1.33  $0.37  $1.11  $1.33 
Diluted earnings per share $1.33  $0.37  $1.11  $1.33 
                
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic  17,774   17,752   17,820   17,774 
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted  17,787   17,763   17,832   17,787 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
Quarterly(unaudited)

(in thousands except per share and share amounts) 
Common
Shares
  
Common
Stock
  
Capital
Surplus
  
Retained
Earnings
  
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss),
Net of Tax
  Total  
Common
Shares
  
Common
Stock
  
Capital
Surplus
  
Retained
Earnings
  
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss),
Net of Tax
  Total 
Balance, January 1, 2021  17,810,401  $89,052  $225,507  $326,738  $13,568  $654,865 
Balance, January 1, 2022
  17,843,081  $89,215  $227,085  $386,750  $(4,848) $698,202 
Net income              23,618       23,618               19,728       19,728 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax of $(3,514)
                  (10,002)  (10,002)
Cash dividends declared ($0.385 per share)
              (6,845)      (6,845)
Other comprehensive loss
                  (58,137)  (58,137)
Cash dividends declared ($0.40 per share)
              (7,131)      (7,131)
Issuance of common stock  24,163   121   117           238   32,491   163   85           248 
Issuance of restricted stock  9,193   46   (46)          0   35,438   177   (177)          0 
Vesting of restricted stock  (17,681)  (88)  88           0   (26,904)  (135)  135           0 
Stock-based compensation          195           195           461           461 
Balance, March 31, 2021
  17,826,076  $89,131  $225,861  $343,511  $3,566  $662,069 
Balance, March 31, 2022
  17,884,106  $89,420  $227,589  $399,347  $(62,985) $653,371 

(in thousands except per share and share amounts) 
Common
Shares
  
Common
Stock
  
Capital
Surplus
  
Retained
Earnings
  
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss),
Net of Tax
  Total 
Balance, December 31, 2019
  17,793,165  $88,966  $224,907  $296,760  $4,253  $614,886 
Implementation of ASU 2016-13              (2,366)      (2,366)
Balance, January 1, 2020  17,793,165   88,966   224,907   294,394   4,253   612,520 
Net income              6,579       6,579 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax of $433
                  1,233   1,233 
Cash dividends declared ($0.38 per share)
              (6,750)      (6,750)
Issuance of common stock  21,953   110   122           232 
Repurchase of common stock  (32,664)  (164)  (935)          (1,099)
Issuance of restricted stock  21,544   108   (108)          0 
Vesting of restricted stock  (16,724)  (84)  84           0 
Stock-based compensation          207           207 
Balance, March 31, 2020
  17,787,274  $88,936  $224,277  $294,223  $5,486  $612,922 
(in thousands except per share and share amounts) 
Common
Shares
  
Common
Stock
  
Capital
Surplus
  
Retained
Earnings
  
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss),
Net of Tax
  Total 
Balance, January 1, 2021  17,810,401  $
89,052  $
225,507  $
326,738  $
13,568  $
654,865 
Net income              23,618       23,618 
Other comprehensive loss
                  (10,002)  (10,002)
Cash dividends declared ($0.385 per share)
              (6,845)      (6,845)
Issuance of common stock  24,163   121   117           238 
Issuance of restricted stock  9,193   46   (46)          0 
Vesting of restricted stock  (17,681)  (88)  88           0 
Stock-based compensation          195           195 
Balance, March 31, 2021
  17,826,076  $89,131  $225,861  $343,511  $3,566  $662,069 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4
Community Trust Bancorp, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)

 
Three Months Ended
March 31
  
Three Months Ended
March 31
 
(in thousands) 2021  2020  2022  2021 
Cash flows from operating activities:            
Net income $23,618  $6,579  $19,728  $23,618 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:                
Depreciation and amortization  1,265   1,356   1,286   1,265 
Deferred taxes  (643)  (2,037)  307   (643)
Stock-based compensation  213   228   484   213 
Provision for credit losses  (2,499)  12,707 
Provision for credit losses (recovery)
  875   (2,499)
Write-downs of other real estate owned and other repossessed assets  154   458   246   154 
Gains on sale of mortgage loans held for sale  (2,433)  (483)  (597)  (2,433)
Securities gains, net  (60)  (481)
Change in fair market value of equity securities  228   232 
Securities gains
  0   (60)
Fair value adjustment in equity securities  (99)  228 
Gains on sale of assets, net  (214)  (3)  (5)  (214)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale  109,014   23,032   26,257   109,014 
Funding of mortgage loans held for sale  (101,070)  (22,785)  (24,969)  (101,070)
Amortization of securities premiums and discounts, net  1,893   1,271   1,801   1,893 
Change in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance  (337)  (340)  (434)  (337)
Payment of operating lease liabilities  (445)  (444)  (469)  (445)
Mortgage servicing rights:                
Fair value adjustments  (780)  926   (745)  (780)
New servicing assets created  (736)  (144)  (229)  (736)
Changes in:                
Accrued interest receivable  630   156   391   630 
Other assets  1,634   (1,173)  627   1,634 
Accrued interest payable  122   608   290   122 
Other liabilities  2,152   (5,939)  2,605   2,152 
Net cash provided by operating activities  31,706   13,724   27,350   31,706 
                
Cash flows from investing activities:                
Securities available-for-sale (AFS):                
Purchase of AFS securities  (304,167)  (126,748)  (176,730)  (304,167)
Proceeds from sales of AFS securities  1,080   21,746   0   1,080 
Proceeds from prepayments, calls, and maturities of AFS securities  129,804   72,243   48,630   129,804 
Securities held-to-maturity (HTM):        
Proceeds from maturities of HTM securities  0   517 
Change in loans, net  15,747   (41,183)  (106,591)  15,747 
Purchase of premises and equipment  (403)  (423)  (1,072)  (403)
Proceeds from sale and retirement of premises and equipment  812   0   0   812 
Purchase (redemption) of stock by Federal Home Loan Bank  77   (880)
Proceeds from sale of stock by Federal Home Loan Bank
  0   77 
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets  762   116   486   762 
Proceeds from settlement of bank owned life insurance
  1   0 
Net cash used in investing activities  (156,288)  (74,612)  (235,276)  (156,288)
                
Cash flows from financing activities:                
Change in deposits, net  217,690   (10,464)  84,012   217,690 
Change in repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased, net  (1,627)  6,992   (16,465)  (1,627)
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances  0   25,000 
Payments on advances from Federal Home Loan Bank  (5)  (25,004)  (5)  (5)
Payment of finance lease liabilities  (3)  (3)  (6)  (3)
Issuance of common stock  238   232   248   238 
Repurchase of common stock  0   (1,099)
Dividends paid  (6,841)  (6,747)  (7,129)  (6,841)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities  209,452   (11,093)
Net cash provided by financing activities  60,655   209,452 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents  84,870   (71,981)  (147,271)  84,870 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  338,235   264,683   311,756   338,235 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $423,105  $192,702  $164,485  $423,105 
                
Supplemental disclosures:                
Income taxes paid
 $87  $0  $50  $87 
Interest paid  3,847   7,848   3,205   3,847 
Non-cash activities:                
Loans to facilitate the sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets  381   718   597   381 
Common stock dividends accrued, paid in subsequent quarter  242   224   250   242 
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans  (136)  1,625   137   (136)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Community Trust Bancorp, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies


In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (which consist of normal recurring adjustments) necessary, to present fairly the condensed consolidated financial position as of March 31, 20212022 and the results of operations, other comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020.2021. In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information, these statements do not include certain information and footnote disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete annual financial statements. The results of operations, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 20202021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 20202021 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Community Trust Bancorp, Inc. (“CTBI”) for that period. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, included in our annual report on Form 10-K.


Principles of Consolidation – The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CTBI and its separate and distinct, wholly owned subsidiaries Community Trust Bank, Inc. (“CTB”) and Community Trust and Investment Company.  All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.


New Accounting Standards –


➢Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes – In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.  The amendments in this ASU simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing the following exceptions:


1. Exception to the incremental approach for intra period tax allocation when there is a loss from continuing operations and income or a gain from other items (for example, discontinued operations or other comprehensive income);


2. Exception to the requirement to recognize a deferred tax liability for equity method investments when a foreign subsidiary becomes an equity method investment;


3. Exception to the ability not to recognize a deferred tax liability for a foreign subsidiary when a foreign equity method investment becomes a subsidiary; and


4. Exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year.


The amendments in this ASU also simplify the accounting for income taxes by doing the following:


1. Requiring that an entity recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax;


2. Requiring that an entity evaluate when a step up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which the book goodwill was originally recognized and when it should be considered a separate transaction;


3. Specifying that an entity is not required to allocate the consolidated amount of current and deferred tax expense to a legal entity that is not subject to tax in its separate financial statements.  However, an entity may elect to do so (on an entity-by-entity basis) for a legal entity that is both not subject to tax and disregarded by the taxing authority;

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4. Requiring that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date; and


5. Making minor codification improvements for income taxes related to employee stock ownership plans and investments in qualified affordable housing projects accounted for using the equity method.


For public business entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020.  CTBI adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2021 with no significant impact to our consolidated financial statements.


➢Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815, a consensus of the FASB Emerging Task Force – In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments—Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). The amendments in this ASU clarify certain interactions between the guidance to account for certain equity securities under Topic 321, the guidance to account for investments under the equity method of accounting in Topic 323, and the guidance in Topic 815, which could change how an entity accounts for an equity security under the measurement alternative or a forward contract or purchased option to purchase securities that, upon settlement of the forward contract or exercise of the purchased option, would be accounted for under the equity method of accounting or the fair value option in accordance with Topic 825, Financial Instruments.  These amendments improve current GAAP by reducing diversity in practice and increasing comparability of the accounting for these interactions.  For public business entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  CTBI adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2021 with no significant impact to our consolidated financial statements.


➢        Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting – In April 2020, the FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASUAccounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) —Facilitation—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.Reporting.  In response to concerns about structural risks of interbank offered rates, and, particularly, the risk of cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)(“LIBOR”), regulators around the world have undertaken reference rate reform initiatives to identify alternative reference rates that are more observable or transaction-based and less susceptible to manipulation.  The amendments in this ASU provide optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting and provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met.  This ASU applies only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform.  The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022.  An entity may elect to apply ASU 2020-04 for contract modifications as of January 1, 2020, or prospectively from a date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, up to the date that the financial statements are available to be issued.  We anticipate this ASU will simplify any modifications we execute between the selected start date (yet to be determined) and December 31, 2022 that are directly related to LIBOR transition.  At this time, we do not anticipate any material adverse impact to our business operation or financial results during the period of transition.


➢         Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326):  Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures – In February 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures.  The amendments in this ASU eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty.  Specifically, rather than applying the recognition and measurement guidance for TDRs, an entity must apply the loan refinancing and restructuring guidance in paragraphs 310-20-35-9 through 35-11 to determine whether a modification results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan.   Additionally, for public business entities, the amendments in this ASU require that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Measured at Amortized Cost, in the vintage disclosures required by paragraph 326-20-50-6.  The amendments in the ASU are for fiscal periods beginning after December 22, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The changes can be early adopted, separately by topic.

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Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates–


The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the appropriate application of certain accounting policies, many of which require us to make estimates and assumptions about future events and their impact on amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and related notes.  Since future events and their impact cannot be determined with certainty, the actual results will inevitably differ from our estimates.  Such differences could be material to theour consolidated financial statements.

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We believe the application of accounting policies and the estimates required therein are reasonable.  These accounting policies and estimates are constantly reevaluated, and adjustments are made when facts and circumstances dictate a change.  Historically, we have found our application of accounting policies to be appropriate, and actual results have not differed materially from those determined using necessary estimates.


Our accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. We have identified the following criticalsignificant accounting policies:


➢Investments – Management determines the classification of securities at purchase.  We classify debt securities into held-to-maturity, trading, or available-for-sale categories.  Held-to-maturity (“HTM”) securities are those which we have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and are reported at amortized cost.  In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards BoardFASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 320, Investments – Debt Securities, investments in debt securities that are not classified as held-to-maturity shall be classified in one of the following categories and measured at fair value in the statement of financial position:

a. Trading securities. Securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term (thus held for only a short period of time) shall be classified as trading securities. Trading generally reflects active and frequent buying and selling, and trading securities are generally used with the objective of generating profits on short-term differences in price.

b. Available-for-sale securities. Investments not classified as trading securities (nor as held-to-maturityHTM securities) shall be classified as available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities.

We do not have any securities that are classified as trading securities.  Available-for-saleAFS securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of tax.  If declines in fair value are other than temporary, the carrying value of the securities is written down to fair value as a realized loss with a charge to income for the portion attributable to credit losses and a charge to other comprehensive income for the portion that is not credit related.


Gains or losses on disposition of debt securities are computed by specific identification for those securities.  Interest and dividend income, adjusted by amortization of purchase premium or discount, is included in earnings.


An allowance is recognized for credit losses relative to available-for-saleAFS securities rather than as a reduction in the cost basis of the security.  Subsequent improvements in credit quality or reductions in estimated credit losses are recognized immediately as a reversal of the previously recorded allowance, which aligns the income statement recognition of credit losses with the reporting period in which changes occur.

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Held-to-maturity (“HTM”)HTM securities are subject to an allowance for lifetime expected credit losses, determined by adjusting historical loss information for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.  The forward-looking evaluation of lifetime expected losses will be performed on a pooled basis for debt securities that share similar risk characteristics.  These allowances for expected losses must be made by the holder of the HTM debt security when the security is purchased.  At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, CTBI held 0 securities designated as held-to-maturity.


CTBI accounts for equity securities in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)ASC 321, Investments – Equity Securities. ASC 321 requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method and those that result in the consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair values recognized in net income.

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Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value are required to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized throughin net income.  Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value are carried at cost, less any impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes for identical or similar investments.  As permitted by ASC 321-10-35-2, CTBI can make an irrevocable election to subsequently measure an equity security without a readily determinable fair value, and all identical or similar investments of the same issuer, including future purchases of identical or similar investments of the same issuer, at fair value.  CTBI has made this election for itsour Visa Class B equity securities.  The fair value of these securities was determined by a third party service provider using Level 3 inputs as defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, and changes in fair value are recognized in income.


➢Loans – Loans with the ability and the intent to be held until maturity and/or payoff are reported at the carrying value of unpaid principal reduced by unearned interest, an allowance for credit losses, and unamortized deferred fees or costs and premiums.  Income is recorded on the level yield basis.  Interest accrual is discontinued when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions, collateral value, and collection efforts, that the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of interest is doubtful.  Any loan greater than 90 days past due must be well secured and in the process of collection to continue accruing interest.  Cash payments received on nonaccrual loans generally are applied against principal, and interest income is only recorded once principal recovery is reasonably assured.  Loans are not reclassified as accruing until principal and interest payments remain current for a period of time, generally six months, and future payments appear reasonably certain.  A restructuring of a debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuringTDR if the creditor for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider.


The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) included an election for banking institutions to not apply the guidance on accounting for troubled debt restructuringsTDRs to loan modifications, such as extensions or deferrals, related to COVID-19 made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (i) December 31, 2020 or (ii) 60 days after the end of the COVID-19 national emergency.  The relief can only be applied to modifications for borrowers that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019.  The ability to exclude COVID-19-related modifications as troubled debt restructuringsTDRs was extended under the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021 to the earlier of (i) 60 days after the end of the COVID-19 national emergency and (ii) January 1, 2022.  CTBI elected to adopt these provisions of the CARES Act, as extended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021.


Loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and the net amount amortized over the estimated life of the related loans, leases, or commitments as a yield adjustment.


➢Allowance for Credit Losses – CTBI accounts for the allowance for credit losses.losses under ASC 326, commonly  known as CECL.326. CTBI measures expected credit losses of financial assets on a collective (pool) basis using loss-rate methods when the financial assets share similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Regardless of an initial measurement method, once it is determined that foreclosure is probable, the allowance for credit losses is measured based on the fair value of the collateral as of the measurement date. As a practical expedient, the fair value of the collateral may be used for a loan when determining the allowance for credit losses for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The fair value shall be adjusted for selling costs when foreclosure is probable. For collateral-dependent financial assets, the credit loss expected may be zero if the fair value less costs to sell exceed the amortized cost of the loan. Loans shall not be included in both collective assessments and individual assessments.

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In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, CTBI has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, CTBI elected ASU 2019-04 which allows that accrued interest would continue to be presented separately and not part of the amortized cost onof the loan. The methodology used by CTBI is developed using the current loan balance, which is then compared to amortized cost balances to analyze the impact. The difference in amortized cost basis versus consideration of loan balances impacts the allowance for credit losses calculation by one basis point and is considered immaterial. The primary difference is for indirect lending premiums.

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We maintain an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) at a level that is appropriate to cover estimated credit losses on individually evaluated loans, as well as estimated credit losses inherent in the remainder of the loan and lease portfolio.  Credit losses are charged and recoveries are credited to the ACL.


We utilize an internal risk grading system for commercial credits. Those credits that meet the following criteria are subject to individual evaluation: the loan has an outstanding bank share balance of $1 million or greater and meets one of the following criteria: (i) has a criticized risk rating, (ii) is in nonaccrual status, (iii) is a TDR, or (iv) is 90 days or more past due. The borrower’s cash flow, adequacy of collateral coverage, and other options available to CTBI, including legal remedies, are evaluated. We evaluate the collectability of both principal and interest when assessing the need for loss provision. Historical loss rates are analyzed and applied to other commercial loan segments not subject to individual evaluation.


Homogenous loans, such as consumer installment, residential mortgages, and home equity lines are not individually risk graded.  The associated ACL for these loans is measured in pools with similar risk characteristics under ASC 326.


When any secured commercial loan is considered uncollectable, whether past due or not, a current assessment of the value of the underlying collateral is made. If the balance of the loan exceeds the fair value of the collateral, the loan is placed on nonaccrual and the loan is charged down to the value of the collateral less estimated cost to sell. For commercial loans greater than $1 million and classified as criticized, troubled debt restructuring,TDR, or nonaccrual, a specific reserve is established if a loss is determined to be possible and then charged-off once it is probable. When the foreclosed collateral has been legally assigned to CTBI, the estimated fair value of the collateral less costs to sell is then transferred to other real estate owned or other repossessed assets, and a charge-off is taken for any remaining balance.  When any unsecured commercial loan is considered uncollectable the loan is charged off no later than at 90 days past due.


All closed-end consumer loans (excluding conventional 1-4 family residential loans and installment and revolving loans secured by real estate) are charged off no later than 120 days (5 monthly payments) delinquent.  If a loan is considered uncollectable, it is charged off earlier than 120 days delinquent. For conventional 1-4 family residential loans and installment and revolving loans secured by real estate, when a loan is 90 days past due, a current assessment of the value of the real estate is made.  If the balance of the loan exceeds the fair value of the property, the loan is placed on nonaccrual. Foreclosure proceedings are normally initiated after 120 days. When the foreclosed property has been legally assigned to CTBI, the fair value less estimated costs to sell is transferred to other real estate owned and the remaining balance is taken as a charge-off.


Historical loss rates for loans are adjusted for significant factors that, in management’s judgment, reflect the impact of any current conditions on loss recognition.  With the implementation of ASC 326, weighted average life (“WAL”) calculations were completed as a tool to determine the life of CTBI’s various loan segments. Vintage modeling was used to determine the life of loan losses for consumer and residential real estate loans. Static pool modeling was used to determine the life of loan losses for commercial loan segments. Qualitative factors used to derive CTBI’s total ACL include delinquency trends, current economic conditions and trends, strength of supervision and administration of the loan portfolio, levels of underperforming loans, trends in loan losses, and underwriting exceptions.  Forecasting factors including unemployment rates and industry specific forecasts for industries in which our total exposure is 5% of capital or greater are also included as factors in the ACL model.  Management continually reevaluates the other subjective factors included in itsour ACL analysis.analysis.

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➢        Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible–We evaluate total goodwill and core deposit intangible for impairment, based upon ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, using fair value techniques including multiples of price/equity.  Goodwill and core deposit intangible are evaluated for impairment on an annual basis or as other events may warrant.


Other Real Estate Owned – When foreclosed properties are acquired, appraisals are obtained and the properties are booked
The balance of goodwill, at the current fair market value less expected sales costs.  Additionally, periodic updated appraisals are obtained on unsold foreclosed properties.  When an updated appraisal reflects a fair market value below the current book value, a charge is booked to current earnings to reduce the property to its new fair market value less expected sales costs.$65.5 million, has not changed since January 1, 2015.   Our policy for determining the frequency of periodic reviews is based upon consideration of the specific properties and the known or perceived market fluctuations in a particular market and is typically between 12 and 18 months but generally not more than 24 months.  All revenues and expenses related to the carrying of other real estate owned are recognized through the income statement.

core deposit intangible has been fully amortized since December 31, 2017.
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➢Income Taxes – Income tax expense is based on the taxes due on the consolidated tax return plus deferred taxes based on the expected future tax benefits and consequences of temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates. Any interest and penalties incurred in connection with income taxes are recorded as a component of income tax expense in theour consolidated financial statements. During the quarters ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, CTBI has not recognized a significant amount of interest expense or penalties in connection with income taxes.

Note 2 – Stock-Based Compensation


There was 0 compensation expense related to stock option grants for the three months March 31, 2021.  CTBI’s compensation expense related to stock option grants was $2 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020.  As of March 31, 2021, there was 0 unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock option awards, as all stock option awards have fully vested.  There were 0 stock options granted in the first three months of 2021 or 2020.


Restricted stock expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 was $213$484 thousand and $226$213 thousand, respectively, including $18$23 thousand and $21$18 thousand, respectively, in dividends paid for those periods. Restricted stock expense for the first quarter 2022 included the accelerated vesting of restricted stock related to employee retirement in the amount of $245 thousand, pursuant to the terms of CTBI’s 2015 Stock Ownership Incentive Plan.As of March 31, 2021,2022, there was a total of $1.7$2.2 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock grants that will be recognized as expense as the awards vest over a weighted average period of 2.63.1 years.  There were 9,19335,438 and 21,5449,193 shares of restricted stock granted during the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.  The restricted stock was issued pursuant to the terms of CTBI’s 2015 Stock Ownership Incentive Plan. The restrictions on the restricted stock will lapse ratably over four years, except for a 2,500 management retention restricted stock award granted in January 2020 which will vest at the end of five years, subject to such employee’s continued employment.years. However, in the event of certain participant employee termination events occurring within 24 months of a change in control of CTBI or the death of the participant, the restrictions will lapse, and in the event of the participant’s disability, the restrictions will lapse on a pro rata basis.  The Compensation Committee will have discretion to review and revise restrictions applicable to a participant’s restricted stock in the event of the participant’s retirement.



There was 0 compensation expense related to stock option grants for the three months ended March 31, 2022 or 2021, as all stock option awards have fully vested.  There were 0 stock options granted in the first three months of 2022 or 2021.

Note 3 – Securities


Debt securities are classified into held-to-maturityHTM and available-for-saleAFS categories.  Held-to-maturity (HTM)HTM securities are those that CTBI has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and are reported at amortized cost.  Available-for-sale (AFS)AFS securities are those that CTBI may decide to sell if needed for liquidity, asset-liability management or other reasons.  Available-for-saleAFS securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses included as a separate component of equity, net of tax.  As of March 31,2021 2022 and December 31, 2020,2021, CTBI had 0 held-to-maturityHTM securities.

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The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at March 31,2022 are summarized as follows:

Available-for-Sale

(in thousands) 
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Fair Value 
U.S. Treasury and government agencies $472,210  $95  $(20,574) $451,731 
State and political subdivisions  331,756   823   (29,917)  302,662 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  690,098   895   (35,780)  655,213 
Asset-backed securities  94,065   55   (561)  93,559 
Total available-for-sale securities $1,588,129  $1,868  $(86,832) $1,503,165 


The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at December 31,2021 are summarized as follows:

Available-for-Sale

(in thousands) 
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Fair Value 
U.S. Treasury and government agencies $299,606  $351  $(4,187) $295,770 
State and political subdivisions  334,218   5,524   (5,539)  334,203 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  733,467   5,107   (7,765)  730,809 
Asset-backed securities  94,538   301   (192)  94,647 
Total available-for-sale securities $1,461,829  $11,283  $(17,683) $1,455,429 


The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at March 31, 2021 are summarized as follows:

Available-for-Sale

(in thousands) 
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Fair Value 
U.S. Treasury and government agencies $205,355  $419  $(2,155) $203,619 
State and political subdivisions  219,389   5,416   (4,688)  220,117 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  669,134   8,616   (2,918)  674,832 
Other debt securities  56,346   301   (20)  56,627 
Total available-for-sale securities $1,150,224  $14,752  $(9,781) $1,155,195 
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The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at December 31,2020 are summarized as follows:

Available-for-Sale

(in thousands) 
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Fair Value 
U.S. Treasury and government agencies $148,507  $483  $(197) $148,793 
State and political subdivisions  133,287   7,132   (3)  140,416 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  640,537   11,648   (378)  651,807 
Other debt securities  56,443   10   (208)  56,245 
Total available-for-sale securities $978,774  $19,273  $(786) $997,261 



The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at March 31,20212022 by contractual maturity are shown below.  Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

 Available-for-Sale  Available-for-Sale 
(in thousands) 
Amortized
Cost
  Fair Value  Amortized Cost  Fair Value 
Due in one year or less $1,330  $1,334  $47,754  $47,673 
Due after one through five years  92,173   92,176   245,157   235,839 
Due after five through ten years  167,212   166,553   280,613   263,396 
Due after ten years  164,029   163,673   230,442   207,485 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  669,134   674,832   690,098   655,213 
Other debt securities  56,346   56,627 
Asset-backed securities  94,065   93,559 
Total debt securities $1,150,224  $1,155,195  $1,588,129  $1,503,165 


During the three months ended March 31,2022, we had a net securities gain of $99 thousand realized from the fair value adjustment of equity securities.  During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we had a net securities loss of $$168 thousand,, consisting of a pre-tax gain of $$60 thousand realized on sales and calls of AFS securities and an unrealized loss of $$228 thousand from the fair market value adjustment of equity securities. During the three months ended March 31,2020, we had a net securities gain of $249 thousand, consisting of a pre-tax gain of $481 thousand realized on calls of AFS securities and an unrealized loss of $232 thousand from the fair market value adjustment of equity securities.


Equity Securities at Fair Value


CTBI made the election permitted by ASC 321-10-35-2 to record its Visa Class B shares at fair value.  Equity securities at fair value as of March 31, 20212022 were $2.22.4 million, as a result of a $0.2 million99 thousand decreaseincrease in the fair market value in the first quarter 2021.2022.  The fair market value of equity securities decreased $0.2 million228 thousand in the first quarter 2020.2021.  NaN equity securities were sold during the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 20202021.

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The amortized cost of securities pledged as collateral, to secure public deposits and for other purposes, was $413.5499.8 million at March 31, 20212022 and $354.5545.6 million at December 31, 2020.2021.


The amortized cost of securities sold under agreements to repurchase amounted to $389.9347.4 million at March 31,202131,2022 and $386.6314.1 million at December 31, 2020.2021.
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CTBI evaluates its investment portfolio on a quarterly basis for impairment.  The analysis performed as of March 31, 20212022 indicates that all impairment is considered temporary, market and interest rate driven, and not credit-related.  The percentage of total debt securities with unrealized losses as of March 31,202131,2022 was 53.2%87.7%, compared to 16.2%72.4% as of December 31, 2020.2021.  The following table provides the amortized cost, gross unrealized losses, and fair market value, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of March 31, 20212022 that are not deemed to have credit losses.  As stated above, CTBI had no HTM securities as of March 31, 2021.2022.

Available-for-Sale

(in thousands) 
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Fair Value  
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Fair Value 
Less Than 12 Months                  
U.S. Treasury and government agencies $136,625  $(2,028) $134,597  $395,941  $(17,249) $378,692 
State and political subdivisions  101,944   (4,660)  97,284   204,547   (19,287)  185,260 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  347,136   (2,905)  344,231   524,844   (29,719)  495,125 
Other debt securities  0   0   0 
Asset-backed securities  75,952   (554)  75,398 
Total <12 months temporarily impaired AFS securities  585,705   (9,593)  576,112   1,201,284   (66,809)  1,134,475 
                        
12 Months or More                        
U.S. Treasury and government agencies  28,763   (127)  28,636   50,328   (3,325)  47,003 
State and political subdivisions  533   (28)  505   67,941   (10,630)  57,311 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  2,614   (13)  2,601   84,800   (6,061)  78,739 
Other debt securities  6,538   (20)  6,518 
Asset-backed securities  1,294   (7)  1,287 
Total ≥12 months temporarily impaired AFS securities  38,448   (188)  38,260   204,363   (20,023)  184,340 
                        
Total                        
U.S. Treasury and government agencies  165,388   (2,155)  163,233   446,269   (20,574)  425,695 
State and political subdivisions  102,477   (4,688)  97,789   272,488   (29,917)  242,571 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  349,750   (2,918)  346,832   609,644   (35,780)  573,864 
Other debt securities  6,538   (20)  6,518 
Asset-backed securities  77,246   (561)  76,685 
Total temporarily impaired AFS securities $624,153  $(9,781) $614,372  $1,405,647  $(86,832) $1,318,815 

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The analysis performed as of December 31, 20202021 indicated that all impairment was considered temporary, market and interest rate driven, and not credit-related.  The following table provides the amortized cost, gross unrealized losses, and fair market value, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 20202021 that are not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired.  As stated above, CTBI had no HTM securities as of December 31, 2020.2021.

Available-for-Sale

(in thousands) 
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Fair Value  
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Fair Value 
Less Than 12 Months                  
U.S. Treasury and government agencies $5,604  $(7) $5,597  $249,990  $(4,123) $245,867 
State and political subdivisions  534   (3)  531   197,592   (4,779)  192,813 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  58,463   (336)  58,127   473,831   (6,759)  467,072 
Other debt securities  22,660   (29)  22,631 
Asset-backed securities  52,229   (190)  52,039 
Total <12 months temporarily impaired AFS securities  87,261   (375)  86,886   973,642   (15,851)  957,791 
                        
12 Months or More                        
U.S. Treasury and government agencies  46,163   (190)  45,973   14,505   (64)  14,441 
State and political subdivisions  0   0   0   19,126   (760)  18,366 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  2,801   (42)  2,759   62,330   (1,006)  61,324 
Other debt securities  26,283   (179)  26,104 
Asset-backed securities  1,368   (2)  1,366 
Total ≥12 months temporarily impaired AFS securities  75,247   (411)  74,836   97,329   (1,832)  95,497 
                        
Total                        
U.S. Treasury and government agencies  51,767   (197)  51,570   264,495   (4,187)  260,308 
State and political subdivisions  534   (3)  531   216,718   (5,539)  211,179 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  61,264   (378)  60,886   536,161   (7,765)  528,396 
Other debt securities  48,943   (208)  48,735 
Asset-backed securities  53,597   (192)  53,405 
Total temporarily impaired AFS securities $162,508  $(786) $161,722  $1,070,971  $(17,683) $1,053,288 

U.S. Treasury and Government Agencies


The unrealized losses in U.S. Treasury and government agencies were caused by interest rate changes.  The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than par which will equal amortized cost at maturity.  CTBI does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost.

State and Political Subdivisions


The unrealized losses in securities of state and political subdivisions were caused by interest rate changes.  The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than par which will equal amortized cost at maturity.  CTBI does not intend to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost.

U.S. Government Sponsored Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities


The unrealized losses in U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities were caused by interest rate changes.  CTBI expects to recover the amortized cost basis over the term of the securities.  CTBI does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost.

14
13
Other DebtAsset-Backed Securities


The unrealized losses in other debtasset-backed securities were caused by interest rate changes.  The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than par which will equal amortized cost at maturity.  CTBI does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost.

Note 4 – Loans


Major classifications of loans, net of unearned income, deferred loan origination costs and fees, and net premiums on acquired loans, are summarized as follows:

(in thousands)
 
March 31
2021
  
December 31
2020
  
March 31
2022
  
December 31
2021
 
Hotel/motel $258,974  $260,699  $274,256  $257,062 
Commercial real estate residential  305,079   287,928   337,447   335,233 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  732,978   743,238   774,791   757,893 
Dealer floorplans  63,545   69,087   72,766   69,452 
Commercial other  285,176   279,908   322,109   290,478 
Commercial unsecured SBA PPP  254,732   252,667   22,482   47,335 
Commercial loans  1,900,484   1,893,527   1,803,851   1,757,453 
                
Real estate mortgage  770,026   784,559   780,453   767,185 
Home equity lines  101,595   103,770   107,230   106,667 
Residential loans  871,621   888,329   887,683   873,852 
                
Consumer direct  149,394   152,304   156,620   156,683 
Consumer indirect  617,305   620,051   667,387   620,825 
Consumer loans  766,699   772,355   824,007   777,508 
                
Loans and lease financing $3,538,804  $3,554,211  $3,515,541  $3,408,813 


The loan portfolios presented above are net of unearned fees and unamortized premiums. Unearned fees included above totaled $9.4$2.4 million as of March 31, 20212022 and $9.3$4.0 million as of December 31, 20202021 while the unamortized premiums on the indirect lending portfolio totaled $23.9$26.0 million as of March 31, 20212022 and $23.8$24.1 million as of December 31, 2020.2021.


CTBI has segregated and evaluates its loan portfolio through 10 portfolio segments with similar risk characteristics. CTBI serves customers in small and mid-sized communities in eastern, northeastern, central, and south central Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and northeastern Tennessee.  Therefore, CTBI’s exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in these communities.


Hotel/motel loans are a significant concentration for CTBI, representing approximately 7.3%7.8% of total loans.  This industry has unique risk characteristics as it is highly susceptible to changes in the domestic and global economic environments, which can cause the industry to experience substantial volatility.  Additionally, any hotel/motel construction loans would be included in this segment as CTBI’s construction loans are primarily completed as one loan going from construction to permanent financing.  These loans are originated based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt and secondarily based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.


Commercial real estate residential loans are commercial purpose construction and permanent financed loans for commercial purpose 1-4 family/multi-family properties.  These loans are originated based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt and secondarily based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.

15
14

Commercial real estate nonresidential loans are secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties, farmland, and other commercial real estate.  These loans are originated based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt and secondarily based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.  Construction for commercial real estate nonresidential loans are also included in this segment as these loans are generally one loan for construction to permanent financing.


Dealer floorplans consist of loans to dealerships to finance inventory and are collateralized under a blanket security agreement and without specific liens on individual units.  This risk is mitigated by the use of periodic inventory audits.  These audits are performed monthly and follow up is required on any out of compliance items identified.  These audits are subject to increasing frequency when fact patterns suggest more scrutiny is required.


Commercial other loans consist of agricultural loans, receivable financing, loans to financial institutions, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and other commercial purpose loans.  Commercial loans are underwritten based on the borrower’s ability to service debt from the business’s underlying cash flows.  As a general practice, we obtain collateral such as equipment, or other assets, although such loans may be uncollateralized but guaranteed.


CTBI’s participation in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) established by the CARES Act resulted in the creation of a new loan segment of unsecured commercial other loans that are one hundred percent guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”).  These loans, which are subject to forgiveness, have maturities of either two or three to five years, depending on when the loan was made.  These loans currently have no allowance for credit losses.


Residential real estate loans are a mixture of fixed rate and adjustable rate first and second lien residential mortgage loans and also include real estate construction loans which are typically for owner-occupied properties.  The terms of the real estate construction loans are generally short-term with permanent financing upon completion.  As a policy, CTBI holds adjustable rate loans and sells the majority of its fixed rate first lien mortgage loans into the secondary market.  Changes in interest rates or market conditions may impact a borrower’s ability to meet contractual principal and interest payments.  Residential real estate loans are secured by real property.


Home equity lines are primarily revolving adjustable rate credit lines secured by real property.


Consumer direct loans are a mixture of fixed rate and adjustable rate products comprised of unsecured loans, consumer revolving credit lines, deposit secured loans, and all other consumer purpose loans.


Consumer indirect loans are fixed rate loans secured by automobiles, trucks, vans, and recreational vehicles originated at the selling dealership underwritten and purchased by CTBI’s indirect lending department.  Both new and used products are financed.  Only dealers who have executed dealer agreements with CTBI participate in the indirect lending program.


Not included in the loan balances above were loans held for sale in the amount of $17.7$1.9 million at March 31, 20212022 and $23.3$2.6 million at December 31, 2020.2021.


16
15

The following tables present the balance in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) for the periods ended March 31, 2021,2022,  December 31, 20202021 and March 31, 2020:

 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
 
(in thousands) 
Hotel/
Motel
  
Commercial
Real Estate
Residential
  
Commercial
Real Estate
Nonresidential
  
Dealer
Floorplans
  
Commercial
Other
  
Real Estate
Mortgage
  
Home
Equity
  
Consumer
Direct
  
Consumer
Indirect
  Total 
ACL                              
Beginning balance $6,356  $4,464  $11,086  $1,382  $4,289  $7,832  $844  $1,863  $9,906  $48,022 
Provision charged to expense  308   199   (135)  (64)  269   (690)  (93)  (14)  (2,279)  (2,499)
Losses charged off  0   (24)  (151)  0   (112)  (8)  (5)  (154)  (1,016)  (1,470)
Recoveries  0   2   13   0   125   9   4   116   1,024   1,293 
Ending balance $6,664  $4,641  $10,813  $1,318  $4,571  $7,143  $750  $1,811  $7,635  $45,346 

 
Year Ended
December 31, 2020
 
(in thousands) Hotel/Motel  
Commercial
Real Estate
Residential
  
Commercial
Real Estate
Nonresidential
  
Dealer
Floorplans
  
Commercial
Other
  
Real Estate
Mortgage
  
Home
Equity
  
Consumer
Direct
  
Consumer
Indirect
  Total 
ACL                              
Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $3,371  $3,439  $8,515  $802  $5,556  $4,604  $897  $1,711  $6,201  $35,096 
Impact of adoption of ASC 326  170   (721)  119   820   (391)  1,893   (75)  (40)  1,265   3,040 
Provision charged to expense  2,858   1,772   3,303   (214)  2,040   1,584   16   609   4,079   16,047 
Losses charged off  (43)  (182)  (941)  (26)  (3,339)  (321)  (4)  (927)  (4,670)  (10,453)
Recoveries  0   156   90   0   423   72   10   510   3,031   4,292 
Ending balance $6,356  $4,464  $11,086  $1,382  $4,289  $7,832  $844  $1,863  $9,906  $48,022 
2021:
17
  
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2022
 
(in thousands) Beginning Balance  Provision Charged to Expense  Losses Charged Off  Recoveries  Ending Balance 
ACL               
Hotel/motel
 
$
5,080
  
$
(153
)
 
$
(216
)
 
$
0
  
$
4,711
 
Commercial real estate residential
  
3,986
   
110
   
(31
)
  
5
   
4,070
 
Commercial real estate nonresidential
  
8,884
   
174
   
0
   
111
   
9,169
 
Dealer floorplans
  
1,436
   
83
   
0
   
0
   
1,519
 
Commercial other
  
4,422
   
478
   
(157
)
  
101
   
4,844
 
Real estate mortgage
  
7,637
   
97
   
(93
)
  
21
   
7,662
 
Home equity
  
866
   
(33
)
  
(19
)
  
5
   
819
 
Consumer direct
  
1,951
   
(180
)
  
(170
)
  
186
   
1,787
 
Consumer indirect
  
7,494
   
299
   
(634
)
  
569
   
7,728
 
Total
 
$
41,756
  
$
875
  
$
(1,320
)
 
$
998
  
$
42,309
 

 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2020
 
(in thousands) 
Hotel/
Motel
  
Commercial
Real Estate
Residential
  
Commercial
Real Estate
Nonresidential
  
Dealer
Floorplans
  
Commercial
Other
  
Real Estate
Mortgage
  
Home
Equity
  
Consumer
Direct
  
Consumer
Indirect
  Total 
ACL                              
Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $3,371  $3,439  $8,515  $802  $5,556  $4,604  $897  $1,711  $6,201  $35,096 
Impact of adoption of ASC 326  170   (721)  119   820   (391)  1,893   (75)  (40)  1,265   3,040 
Provision charged to expense  2,381   1,337   2,984   91   1,434   1,099   67   739   2,575   12,707 
Losses charged off  0   (51)  (59)  0   (359)  (60)  0   (369)  (1,517)  (2,415)
Recoveries  0   8   4   0   169   7   1   122   706   1,017 
Ending balance $5,922  $4,012  $11,563  $1,713  $6,409  $7,543  $890  $2,163  $9,230  $49,445 
  
Year Ended
December 31, 2021
 
(in thousands) Beginning Balance  Provision Charged to Expense  Losses Charged Off  Recoveries  Ending Balance 
ACL               
Hotel/motel
 
$
6,356
  
$
(1,276
)
 
$
0
  
$
0
  
$
5,080
 
Commercial real estate residential
  
4,464
   
(488
)
  
(28
)
  
38
   
3,986
 
Commercial real estate nonresidential
  
11,086
   
(2,233
)
  
(306
)
  
337
   
8,884
 
Dealer floorplans
  
1,382
   
54
   
0
   
0
   
1,436
 
Commercial other
  
4,289
   
388
   
(644
)
  
389
   
4,422
 
Real estate mortgage
  
7,832
   
3
   
(266
)
  
68
   
7,637
 
Home equity
  
844
   
39
   
(36
)
  
19
   
866
 
Consumer direct
  
1,863
   
256
   
(684
)
  
516
   
1,951
 
Consumer indirect
  
9,906
   
(3,129
)
  
(2,361
)
  
3,078
   
7,494
 
Total
 
$
48,022
  
$
(6,386
)
 
$
(4,325
)
 
$
4,445
  
$
41,756
 

  
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
 
(in thousands) Beginning Balance  Provision Charged to Expense  Losses Charged Off  Recoveries  Ending Balance 
ACL               
Hotel/motel
 
$
6,356
  
$
308
  
$
0
  
$
0
  
$
6,664
 
Commercial real estate residential
  
4,464
   
199
   
(24
)
  
2
   
4,641
 
Commercial real estate nonresidential
  
11,086
   
(135
)
  
(151
)
  
13
   
10,813
 
Dealer floorplans
  
1,382
   
(64
)
  
0
   
0
   
1,318
 
Commercial other
  
4,289
   
269
   
(112
)
  
125
   
4,571
 
Real estate mortgage
  
7,832
   
(690
)
  
(8
)
  
9
   
7,143
 
Home equity
  
844
   
(93
)
  
(5
)
  
4
   
750
 
Consumer direct
  
1,863
   
(14
)
  
(154
)
  
116
   
1,811
 
Consumer indirect
  
9,906
   
(2,279
)
  
(1,016
)
  
1,024
   
7,635
 
Total
 
$
48,022
  
$
(2,499
)
 
$
(1,470
)
 
$
1,293
  
$
45,346
 


CTBI derived its ACL balance by using vintage modeling for the consumer and residential portfolios.  Static pool models incorporating losses by credit risk rating were developed to determine credit loss balances for the commercial loan segments.

16

Qualitative loss factors are based on CTBI’s judgment of delinquency trends, level of nonperforming loans, trend in loan losses, supervision and administration, quality control exceptions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts based on unemployment rates and industry concentrations.  CTBI has determined that twelve months represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts back to a historical loss rate immediately.   CTBI leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to form its loss driver forecasts over the twelve month forecast period. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts are also considered by CTBI when developing the forecast metrics.


CTBI also has an inherent model risk allocation included in its ACL calculation to allow for certain known model limitations as well as other potential risks not quantified elsewhere.  Management has identified the following known model limitations and made adjustments through this portion of the calculation for them:

(1) The inability to completely identify revolving lines of credit within the commercial other segment.  Management had to make assumptions regarding commercial renewals as those renewals are not tracked well by its loan system.

(2) The inability within the model to estimate the value of modifications made under troubled debt restructurings.TDRs.  Management has manually calculated the estimated impact based on research of modified terms for troubled debt restructurings.TDRs.


With the continued impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic, including the high rate of inflation, the potential rising rate environment, and the fact that there is no immediate end foreseen, this has been identified as a significant specific event that could impact our customers’ ability to pay.  CTBI added a new factor during the prior year as an allocation to recognize when there are significant events occurring that could impact the loan portfolio.  Management noted that the qualitative factors for current delinquency trends and our levels of nonperforming loans were driving a reduction in the overall calculation for our ACL.  Management was concerned that these factors may have been artificially influenced by the current credit environment and the number of loans that have received payment deferrals.  Given this uncertainty, management electedcontinues to maintain thishave a significant event qualitative factor to anticipate the continued impact of COVID-19 once furtheras deferments are no longer availablehave ended and the SBA PayrollPaycheck Protection Programs end.are largely over with no approved capacity to fund new loans.

18

We recognized a recapture of allowanceProvision for creditloan losses with a creditfor the quarter was $0.9 million, compared to provision of $0.5 million for credit lossesthe quarter ended December 31, 2021 and a recovery of provision of $2.5 million for the first quarter of 2021, compared to a provision for credit losses of $1.0 million for the prior quarter and $12.7 million for the first quarter of 2020.  The change in the provision for credit losses compared to the fourth quarter of 2020 was due primarily to the improvement in net charge off experience affecting our vintage loss analysis in several segments, the most significant of those being the indirect lending and residential lending segments.  The indirect lending segment experienced 0 net losses in the quarter, compared to the 12 quarter rolling average losses of 0.35 percent.  The residential lending segment experienced 0 net losses in the quarter compared to the 12 quarter rolling average of 0.07 percent.  Overall, the decrease in the allowance for credit losses attributed to historical loss factors was $2.4 million.2021.  Our reserve coverage (allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans) at March 31, 20212022 was 215.5%309.1%, compared to 180.7%251.2% at December 31, 20202021 and 139.8%215.5% at March 31, 2020.2021.  Our credit loss reserve as a percentage of total loans outstanding at March 31, 20212022 was 1.28% (1.38%1.20% (1.21% excluding PPP loans) compared to 1.35%1.22% at December 31, 2020 (1.46%2021 (1.24% excluding PPP loans) and 1.50%1.28% at March 31, 2020.  The2021 (1.38% excluding PPP program began in April 2020.loans).


17

Refer to Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our nonaccrual policy.  Nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days past due and still accruing segregated by class of loans for both March 31,202131, 2022 and December 31, 20202021 were as follows:

 March 31, 2021  March 31, 2022 
(in thousands) 
Nonaccrual Loans
with No ACL
  
Nonaccrual Loans
with ACL
  
90+ and Still
Accruing
  
Total
Nonperforming
Loans
  
Nonaccrual Loans
with No ACL
  
Nonaccrual Loans
with ACL
  
90+ and Still
Accruing
  
Total
Nonperforming
Loans
 
                        
Hotel/motel $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0 
Commercial real estate residential  0   981   1,067   2,048   0   216   202   418 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  3,311   1,400   3,418   8,129   2,431   1,430   414   4,275 
Commercial other  0   743   335   1,078   0   269   52   321 
Commercial unsecured SBA PPP
  0   0   8   8 
Total commercial loans  3,311   3,124   4,820   11,255   2,431   1,915   676   5,022 
                                
Real estate mortgage  0   5,268   3,035   8,303   0   3,985   3,509   7,494 
Home equity lines  0   520   656   1,176   0   501   471   972 
Total residential loans  0   5,788   3,691   9,479   0   4,486   3,980   8,466 
                                
Consumer direct  0   0   31   31   0   0   23   23 
Consumer indirect  0   0   274   274   0   0   179   179 
Total consumer loans  0   0   305   305   0   0   202   202 
                                
Loans and lease financing $3,311  $8,912  $8,816  $21,039  $2,431  $6,401  $4,858  $13,690 

 December 31, 2021 
 (in thousands) 
Nonaccrual Loans
with No ACL
  
Nonaccrual Loans
with ACL
  
90+ and Still
Accruing
  
Total
Nonperforming
Loans
 
             
Hotel/motel $0  $1,075  $0  $1,075 
Commercial real estate residential  0   585   312   897 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  2,447   1,602   144   4,193 
Commercial other  0   302   76   378 
Total commercial loans  2,447   3,564   532   6,543 
                 
Real estate mortgage  0   4,081   4,659   8,740 
Home equity lines  0   579   513   1,092 
Total residential loans  0   4,660   5,172   9,832 
                 
Consumer direct  0   0   44   44 
Consumer indirect  0   0   206   206 
Total consumer loans  0   0   250   250 
                 
Loans and lease financing $2,447  $8,224  $5,954  $16,625 

Discussion of the Nonaccrual Policy
19

The accrual of interest income on loans is discontinued when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions, collateral value, and collection efforts, that the borrower’s financial condition is such that the collection of interest is doubtful.  Cash payments received on nonaccrual loans generally are applied against principal, and interest income is only recorded once principal recovery is reasonably assured.  Any loans greater than 90 days past due must be well secured and in the process of collection to continue accruing interest.  See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion on our nonaccrual policy.

18

 December 31, 2020 
 (in thousands) 
Nonaccrual Loans
with No ACL
  
Nonaccrual Loans
with ACL
  
90+ and Still
Accruing
  
Total
Nonperforming
Loans
 
             
Hotel/motel $0  $0  $0  $0 
Commercial real estate residential  0   1,225   4,776   6,001 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  0   1,424   7,852   9,276 
Commercial other  0   867   269   1,136 
Total commercial loans  0   3,516   12,897   16,413 
                 
Real estate mortgage  0   5,346   3,420   8,766 
Home equity lines  0   582   392   974 
Total residential loans  0   5,928   3,812   9,740 
                 
Consumer direct  0   0   71   71 
Consumer indirect  0   0   353   353 
Total consumer loans  0   0   424   424 
                 
Loans and lease financing $0  $9,444  $17,133  $26,577 


The following tables present CTBI’s loan portfolio aging analysis, segregated by class, as of March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 20202021 (includes loans 90 days past due and still accruing as well):

March 31, 2021 
March 31, 2022March 31, 2022 
(in thousands) 
30-59 Days
Past Due
  
60-89
Days Past
Due
  
90+ Days
Past Due
  
Total Past
Due
  Current  
Total
Loans
  
30-59 Days
Past Due
  
60-89
Days Past
Due
  
90+ Days
Past Due
  
Total Past
Due
  Current  
Total
Loans
 
Hotel/motel $0  $0  $0  $0  $258,974  $258,974  $0  $0  $0  $0  $274,256  $274,256 
Commercial real estate residential  1,205   516   1,650   3,371   301,708   305,079   2,019   202   369   2,590   334,857   337,447 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  1,096   863   7,566   9,525   723,453   732,978   1,119   305   3,756   5,180   769,611   774,791 
Dealer floorplans  0   0   0   0   63,545   63,545   0   0   0   0   72,766   72,766 
Commercial other  2,005   1,201   655   3,861   281,315   285,176   923   10   82   1,015   321,094   322,109 
Commercial unsecured SBA PPP  0   0   0   0   254,732   254,732   0   279   8   287   22,195   22,482 
Total commercial loans  4,306   2,580   9,871   16,757   1,883,727   1,900,484   4,061   796   4,215   9,072   1,794,779   1,803,851 
                                                
Real estate mortgage  1,843   3,462   5,393   10,698   759,328   770,026   1,249   3,206   5,001   9,456   770,997   780,453 
Home equity lines  285   168   1,115   1,568   100,027   101,595   479   205   775   1,459   105,771   107,230 
Total residential loans  2,128   3,630   6,508   12,266   859,355   871,621   1,728   3,411   5,776   10,915   876,768   887,683 
                                                
Consumer direct  459   45   31   535   148,859   149,394   371   182   22   575   156,045   156,620 
Consumer indirect  1,099   360   274   1,733   615,572   617,305   1,516   339   178   2,033   665,354   667,387 
Total consumer loans  1,558   405   305   2,268   764,431   766,699   1,887   521   200   2,608   821,399   824,007 
                                                
Loans and lease financing $7,992  $6,615  $16,684  $31,291  $3,507,513  $3,538,804  $7,676  $4,728  $10,191  $22,595  $3,492,946  $3,515,541 

December 31, 2021 
(in thousands) 
30-59 Days
Past Due
  
60-89
Days Past
Due
  
90+ Days
Past Due
  
Total Past
Due
  Current  
Total
Loans
 
Hotel/motel $0  $0  $0  $0  $257,062  $257,062 
Commercial real estate residential  274   116   845   1,235   333,998   335,233 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  1,303   147   3,509   4,959   752,934   757,893 
Dealer floorplans  0   0   0   0   69,452   69,452 
Commercial other  1,225   175   108   1,508   288,970   290,478 
Commercial unsecured SBA PPP  14   34   0   48   47,287   47,335 
Total commercial loans  2,816   472   4,462   7,750   1,749,703   1,757,453 
                         
Real estate mortgage  1,171   2,707   6,859   10,737   756,448   767,185 
Home equity lines  656   315   903   1,874   104,793   106,667 
Total residential loans  1,827   3,022   7,762   12,611   861,241   873,852 
                         
Consumer direct  396   179   44   619   156,064   156,683 
Consumer indirect  2,889   533   206   3,628   617,197   620,825 
Total consumer loans  3,285   712   250   4,247   773,261   777,508 
                         
Loans and lease financing $7,928  $4,206  $12,474  $24,608  $3,384,205  $3,408,813 

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19

December 31, 2020 
(in thousands) 
30-59 Days
Past Due
  
60-89
Days Past
Due
  
90+ Days
Past Due
  
Total Past
Due
  Current  
Total
Loans
 
Hotel/motel $0  $0  $0  $0  $260,699  $260,699 
Commercial real estate residential  722   413   5,577   6,712   281,216   287,928 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  1,199   0   8,703   9,902   733,336   743,238 
Dealer floorplans  0   0   0   0   69,087   69,087 
Commercial other  658   136   835   1,629   278,279   279,908 
Commercial unsecured SBA PPP  0   0   0   0   252,667   252,667 
Total commercial loans  2,579   549   15,115   18,243   1,875,284   1,893,527 
                         
Real estate mortgage  1,784   3,501   6,897   12,182   772,377   784,559 
Home equity lines  509   305   919   1,733   102,037   103,770 
Total residential loans  2,293   3,806   7,816   13,915   874,414   888,329 
                         
Consumer direct  659   87   71   817   151,487   152,304 
Consumer indirect  2,960   973   353   4,286   615,765   620,051 
Total consumer loans  3,619   1,060   424   5,103   767,252   772,355 
                         
Loans and lease financing $8,491  $5,415  $23,355  $37,261  $3,516,950  $3,554,211 


The risk characteristics of CTBI’s material portfolio segments are as follows:


Hotel/motel loans are a significant concentration for CTBI, representing approximately 7.3%7.8% of total loans.  This industry has unique risk characteristics as it is highly susceptible to changes in the domestic and global economic environments, which can cause the industry to experience substantial volatility.  These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate.  Hotel/motel lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan.  Management monitors and evaluates all commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria.  Commercial construction loans generally are made to customers for the purpose of building income-producing properties, and any hotel/motel construction loan would be included in this segment.  Personal guarantees of the principals are generally required.  Such loans are made on a projected cash flow basis and are secured by the project being constructed.  Construction loan draw procedures are included in each specific loan agreement, including required documentation items and inspection requirements.  Construction loans may convert to term loans at the end of the construction period, or may be repaid by the take-out commitment from another financing source.  If the loan is to convert to a term loan, the repayment ability is based on the borrower’s projected cash flow.  Risk is mitigated during the construction phase by requiring proper documentation and inspections whenever a draw is requested.  Loans in amounts greater than $500,000 generally require a performance bond to be posted by the general contractor to assure completion of the project.


Commercial real estate residential loans are commercial purpose construction and permanent financed loans for commercial purpose 1-4 family/multi-family properties.  All commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate.  Management monitors and evaluates all commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria.  Commercial residential construction loans generally are made to customers for the purpose of building income-producing properties.  Personal guarantees of the principals are generally required.  Such loans are made on a projected cash flow basis and are secured by the project being constructed.  Construction loan draw procedures are included in each specific loan agreement, including required documentation items and inspection requirements.  Construction loans may convert to term loans at the end of the construction period, or may be repaid by the take-out commitment from another financing source.  If the loan is to convert to a term loan, the repayment ability is based on the borrower’s projected cash flow.  Risk is mitigated during the construction phase by requiring proper documentation and inspections whenever a draw is requested.  Loans in amounts greater than $500,000 generally require a performance bond to be posted by the general contractor to assure completion of the project.

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Commercial real estate nonresidential loans are secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties, farmland, and other commercial real estate.  Construction for commercial real estate nonresidential loans are also included in this segment as these loans are generally one loan for construction to permanent financing.  All commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate.  Management monitors and evaluates all commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria.  Commercial nonresidential construction loans generally are made to customers for the purpose of building income-producing properties.  Personal guarantees of the principals are generally required.  Such loans are made on a projected cash flow basis and are secured by the project being constructed.  Construction loan draw procedures are included in each specific loan agreement, including required documentation items and inspection requirements.  Construction loans may convert to term loans at the end of the construction period, or may be repaid by the take-out commitment from another financing source.  If the loan is to convert to a term loan, the repayment ability is based on the borrower’s projected cash flow.  Risk is mitigated during the construction phase by requiring proper documentation and inspections whenever a draw is requested.  Loans in amounts greater than $500,000 generally require a performance bond to be posted by the general contractor to assure completion of the project.


Dealer floorplans are segmented separately as they are a unique product with unique risk factors.  CTBI maintains strict processing procedures over its floorplan product with any exceptions requested by a loan officer approved by the appropriate loan committee and the floorplan manager.

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Commercial other loans are primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower.  The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value.  Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis.  In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers.  As we underwrite our equipment lease financing in a manner similar to our commercial loan portfolio described below, the risk characteristics for this portfolio mirror that of the commercial loan portfolio.


CTBI’s participation in the CARES Act PPP loan program has resulted in a new loan segment of unsecured commercial other loans that are one hundred percent SBA guaranteed.guaranteed by the SBA.  These loans, which are subject to forgiveness, have maturities of either two or three to five years, depending on when the loans were made.  These loans currently have no allowance for credit losses.


With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences and are generally owner occupied, CTBI generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded.  Home equity loans are typically secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences. Residential construction loans are handled through the home mortgage area of the bank.  The repayment ability of the borrower and the maximum loan-to-value ratio are calculated using the normal mortgage lending criteria.  Draws are processed based on percentage of completion stages including normal inspection procedures.  Such loans generally convert to term loans after the completion of construction.


Consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles.  Some consumer loans are unsecured such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit.  Our determination of a borrower’s ability to repay these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels.  Repayment can also be impacted by changes in property values on residential properties.  Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.

22

The indirect lending area of the bank generally deals with purchasing/funding consumer contracts with new and used automobile dealers.  The dealers generate consumer loan applications which are forwarded to the indirect loan processing area for approval or denial.  Loan approvals or denials are based on the creditworthiness and repayment ability of the borrower, and on the collateral value.  The dealers may have limited recourse agreements with CTB.

Credit Quality Indicators:


CTBI categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors.  CTBI also considers the fair value of the underlying collateral and the strength and willingness of the guarantor(s).  CTBI analyzes commercial loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk.  Loans classified as loss, doubtful, substandard, or special mention are reviewed quarterly by CTBI for further deterioration or improvement to determine if appropriately classified and valued if deemed impaired.  All other commercial loan reviews are completed every 12 to 18 months.  In addition, during the renewal process of any loan, as well as if a loan becomes past due or if other information becomes available, CTBI will evaluate the loan grade.  CTBI uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

➢
Pass grades include investment grade, low risk, moderate risk, and acceptable risk loans.  The loans range from loans that have no chance of resulting in a loss to loans that have a limited chance of resulting in a loss.  Customers in this grade have excellent to fair credit ratings.  The cash flows are adequate to meet required debt repayments.

21
➢
Watch graded loans are loans that warrant extra management attention but are not currently criticized.  Loans on the watch list may be potential troubled credits or may warrant “watch” status for a reason not directly related to the asset quality of the credit.  The watch grade is a management tool to identify credits which may be candidates for future classification or may temporarily warrant extra management monitoring.

➢
Other assets especially mentioned (OAEM) reflects loans that are currently protected but are potentially weak.  These loans constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard.  The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitute an unwarranted risk in light of circumstances surrounding a specific asset. Loans in this grade display potential weaknesses which may, if unchecked or uncorrected, inadequately protect CTBI’s credit position at some future date.  The loans may be adversely affected by economic or market conditions.

➢
Substandard grading indicates that the loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged.  These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of the debt with the distinct possibility that CTBI will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

➢
Doubtful graded loans have the weaknesses inherent in the substandard grading with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.  The probability of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors which may work to CTBI’s advantage or strengthen the asset(s), its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined.  Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and refinancing plans.

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22

The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI’s commercial loan portfolio based on rating category and payment activity, segregated by class of loans and based on last credit decision or year of origination:

March 31, 2021 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 
(in thousands)
 2021  2020  2019  2018  2017  Prior  
Revolving
Loans
  Total 
Hotel/motel                        
Risk rating:                        
Pass $14,733  $11,498  $54,602  $27,835  $38,701  $25,794  $50  $173,213 
Watch  0   23,865   5,251   0   2,730   24,125   0   55,971 
OAEM  0   0   1,993   9,479   0   0   0   11,472 
Substandard  0   0   0   3,295   1,113   13,910   0   18,318 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total hotel/motel $14,733  $35,363  $61,846  $40,609  $42,544  $63,829  $50  $258,974 
                                 
Commercial real estate residential                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $37,400  $80,666  $37,372  $27,044  $16,221  $60,778  $9,966  $269,447 
Watch  205   1,471   2,074   2,208   2,851   8,759   164   17,732 
OAEM  328   2,246   1,433   204   140   128   0   4,479 
Substandard  3,674   2,900   585   1,595   524   4,118   25   13,421 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial real estate residential $41,607  $87,283  $41,464  $31,051  $19,736  $73,783  $10,155  $305,079 
                                 
Commercial real estate nonresidential                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $60,781  $117,993  $95,141  $72,884  $75,415  $217,747  $24,882  $664,843 
Watch  227   4,526   3,041   4,516   5,474   17,591   557   35,932 
OAEM  0   0   0   18   0   338   20   376 
Substandard  1,641   6,726   5,625   3,453   2,396   11,644   309   31,794 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   33   0   33 
Total commercial real estate nonresidential $62,649  $129,245  $103,807  $80,871  $83,285  $247,353  $25,768  $732,978 
                                 
Dealer floorplans                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $63,229  $63,229 
Watch  0   0   0   0   0   0   316   316 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Substandard  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total dealer floorplans $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $63,545  $63,545 
                                 
Commercial other                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $29,710  $67,210  $24,136  $32,847  $12,867  $18,250  $77,740  $262,760 
Watch  727   2,067   335   6,049   640   879   6,879   17,576 
OAEM  0   0   0   5   0   314   0   319 
Substandard  234   2,012   354   310   447   785   379   4,521 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial other $30,671  $71,289  $24,825  $39,211  $13,954  $20,228  $84,998  $285,176 
                                 
Commercial unsecured SBA PPP                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $97,412  $157,320  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $254,732 
Watch  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Substandard  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial unsecured SBA PPP $97,412  $157,320  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $254,732 
                                 
Commercial loans                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $240,036  $434,687  $211,251  $160,610  $143,204  $322,569  $175,867  $1,688,224 
Watch  1,159   31,929   10,701   12,773   11,695   51,354   7,916   127,527 
OAEM  328   2,246   3,426   9,706   140   780   20   16,646 
Substandard  5,549   11,638   6,564   8,653   4,480   30,457   713   68,054 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   33   0   33 
Total commercial loans $247,072  $480,500  $231,942  $191,742  $159,519  $405,193  $184,516  $1,900,484 
March 31, 2022 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 
(in thousands)
 2022  2021  2020  2019  2018  Prior  
Revolving
Loans
  Total 
Hotel/motel                        
 Risk rating:                        
Pass $37,289  $27,824  $11,120  $53,233  $18,607  $49,251  $0  $197,324 
Watch  3,960   9,149   13,921   8,741   8,709   29,113   0   73,593 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Substandard  0   0   0   0   3,339   0   0   3,339 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total hotel/motel $41,249  $36,973  $25,041  $61,974  $30,655  $78,364  $0  $274,256 
                                 
Commercial real estate residential                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $26,018  $135,618  $48,239  $17,798  $18,552  $52,486  $10,157  $308,868 
Watch  614   2,214   2,367   2,000   2,409   7,488   37   17,129 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   15   0   15 
Substandard  322   4,260   1,917   383   1,715   2,614   224   11,435 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial real estate residential $26,954  $142,092  $52,523  $20,181  $22,676  $62,603  $10,418  $337,447 
                                 
Commercial real estate nonresidential                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $46,930  $213,550  $97,038  $80,023  $52,560  $198,565  $29,254  $717,920 
Watch  2,647   4,430   2,688   3,072   2,602   13,046   1,041   29,526 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   112   20   132 
Substandard  1,347   4,883   5,499   3,416   1,119   10,618   24   26,906 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   307   0   307 
Total commercial real estate nonresidential $50,924  $222,863  $105,225  $86,511  $56,281  $222,648  $30,339  $774,791 
                                 
Dealer floorplans                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $72,309  $72,309 
Watch  0   0   0   0   0   0   457   457 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Substandard  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total dealer floorplans $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $72,766  $72,766 
                                 
Commercial other                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $38,977  $60,835  $39,687  $13,194  $29,265  $29,659  $80,968  $292,585 
Watch  949   648   702   364   473   1,177   6,728   11,041 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   3   0   0   3 
Substandard  1,357   6,954   2,844   1,254   329   795   4,947   18,480 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial other $41,283  $68,437  $43,233  $14,812  $30,070  $31,631  $92,643  $322,109 
                                 
Commercial unsecured SBA PPP                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $0  $22,176  $306  $0  $0  $0  $0  $22,482 
Watch  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Substandard  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial unsecured SBA PPP $0  $22,176  $306  $0  $0  $0  $0  $22,482 
                                 
Commercial loans                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $149,214  $460,003  $196,390  $164,248  $118,984  $329,961  $192,688  $1,611,488 
Watch  8,170   16,441   19,678   14,177   14,193   50,824   8,263   131,746 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   3   127   20   150 
Substandard  3,026   16,097   10,260   5,053   6,502   14,027   5,195   60,160 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   307   0   307 
Total commercial loans $160,410  $492,541  $226,328  $183,478  $139,682  $395,246  $206,166  $1,803,851 
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23

December 31, 2021 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 
(in thousands)
 2021  2020  2019  2018  2017  Prior  
Revolving
Loans
  Total 
Hotel/motel                        
 Risk rating:                        
Pass $42,056  $11,231  $53,713  $18,752  $32,765  $20,087  $0  $178,604 
Watch  9,234   14,021   8,813   8,780   2,678   30,502   0   74,028 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Substandard  0   0   0   3,355   1,075   0   0   4,430 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total hotel/motel $51,290  $25,252  $62,526  $30,887  $36,518  $50,589  $0  $257,062 
                                 
Commercial real estate residential                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $142,364  $54,380  $22,320  $19,826  $11,919  $45,791  $9,544  $306,144 
Watch  2,643   2,359   1,962   2,119   554   6,949   156   16,742 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   16   0   0   16 
Substandard  4,822   1,990   620   1,835   596   2,468   0   12,331 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial real estate residential $149,829  $58,729  $24,902  $23,780  $13,085  $55,208  $9,700  $335,233 
                                 
Commercial real estate nonresidential                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $214,563  $99,131  $82,386  $57,397  $55,422  $168,533  $22,389  $699,821 
Watch  5,130   2,865   3,981   2,802   3,655   11,828   767   31,028 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   178   20   198 
Substandard  5,201   5,098   3,764   600   2,016   9,659   200   26,538 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   308   0   308 
Total commercial real estate nonresidential $224,894  $107,094  $90,131  $60,799  $61,093  $190,506  $23,376  $757,893 
                                 
Dealer floorplans                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $69,105  $69,105 
Watch  0   0   0   0   0   0   347   347 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Substandard  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total dealer floorplans $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $69,452  $69,452 
                                 
Commercial other                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $72,650  $43,838  $16,495  $29,858  $9,105  $13,346  $75,119  $260,411 
Watch  7,196   1,967   1,582   599   332   1,071   11,792   24,539 
OAEM  0   0   268   383   12   1   482   1,146 
Substandard  1,600   1,589   147   184   287   451   124   4,382 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial other $81,446  $47,394  $18,492  $31,024  $9,736  $14,869  $87,517  $290,478 
                                 
Commercial unsecured SBA PPP                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $46,227  $1,108  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $47,335 
Watch  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Substandard  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial unsecured SBA PPP $46,227  $1,108  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $47,335 
                                 
Commercial loans                                
 Risk rating:                                
Pass $517,860  $209,688  $174,914  $125,833  $109,211  $247,757  $176,157  $1,561,420 
Watch  24,203   21,212   16,338   14,300   7,219   50,350   13,062   146,684 
OAEM  0   0   268   383   28   179   502   1,360 
Substandard  11,623   8,677   4,531   5,974   3,974   12,578   324   47,681 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   308   0   308 
Total commercial loans $553,686  $239,577  $196,051  $146,490  $120,432  $311,172  $190,045  $1,757,453 


December 31, 2020 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 
(in thousands)
 2020  2019  2018  2017  2016  Prior  
Revolving
Loans
  Total 
Hotel/motel                        
Risk rating:                        
Pass $11,507  $70,504  $27,453  $39,651  $6,357  $22,372  $0  $177,844 
Watch  23,951   2,506   3,366   2,102   16,740   7,422   0   56,087 
OAEM  0   1,993   9,576   0   0   0   0   11,569 
Substandard  0   0   0   1,113   8,840   5,246   0   15,199 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total hotel/motel $35,458  $75,003  $40,395  $42,866  $31,937  $35,040  $0  $260,699 
                                 
Commercial real estate residential                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $85,403  $39,238  $29,179  $17,390  $21,272  $46,419  $10,470  $249,371 
Watch  1,714   2,214   2,438   2,962   4,520   5,306   182   19,336 
OAEM  1,921   1,361   323   142   129   0   0   3,876 
Substandard  4,301   606   1,991   4,076   1,108   3,263   0   15,345 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial real estate residential $93,339  $43,419  $33,931  $24,570  $27,029  $54,988  $10,652  $287,928 
                                 
Commercial real estate nonresidential                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $125,205  $97,204  $77,685  $80,416  $100,740  $165,839  $25,524  $672,613 
Watch  5,133   3,175   5,075   6,366   3,020   11,046   601   34,416 
OAEM  0   887   68   0   0   3,382   115   4,452 
Substandard  7,254   6,152   3,471   2,462   1,358   10,817   215   31,729 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   28   0   28 
Total commercial real estate nonresidential $137,592  $107,418  $86,299  $89,244  $105,118  $191,112  $26,455  $743,238 
                                 
Dealer floorplans                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $68,610  $68,610 
Watch  0   0   0   0   0   0   477   477 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Substandard  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total dealer floorplans $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $69,087  $69,087 
                                 
Commercial other                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $75,014  $26,385  $33,825  $13,975  $6,225  $22,733  $78,547  $256,704 
Watch  2,888   378   1,130   555   464   595   7,030   13,040 
OAEM  25   0   5,056   181   367   0   124   5,753 
Substandard  2,136   556   318   460   460   411   70   4,411 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial other $80,063  $27,319  $40,329  $15,171  $7,516  $23,739  $85,771  $279,908 
                                 
Commercial unsecured SBA PPP                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $252,667  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $252,667 
Watch  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
OAEM  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Substandard  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Total commercial unsecured SBA PPP $252,667  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $252,667 
                                 
Commercial loans                                
Risk rating:                                
Pass $549,796  $233,331  $168,142  $151,432  $134,594  $257,363  $183,151  $1,677,809 
Watch  33,686   8,273   12,009   11,985   24,744   24,369   8,290   123,356 
OAEM  1,946   4,241   15,023   323   496   3,382   239   25,650 
Substandard  13,691   7,314   5,780   8,111   11,766   19,737   285   66,684 
Doubtful  0   0   0   0   0   28   0   28 
Total commercial loans $599,119  $253,159  $200,954  $171,851  $171,600  $304,879  $191,965  $1,893,527 

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24

The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI’s residential real estate and consumer loan portfolios based on performing or nonperforming status, segregated by class:

March 31, 2021 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 
(in thousands) 2021  2020  2019  2018  2017  Prior  
Revolving
Loans
  Total 
Home equity lines                        
Performing $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $10,454  $89,965  $100,419 
Nonperforming  0   0   0   0   0   634   542   1,176 
Total home equity lines $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $11,088  $90,507  $101,595 
                                 
Mortgage loans                                
Performing $42,225  $206,775  $104,572  $49,852  $54,276  $304,023  $0  $761,723 
Nonperforming  0   0   451   304   440   7,108   0   8,303 
Total mortgage loans $42,225  $206,775  $105,023  $50,156  $54,716  $311,131  $0  $770,026 
                                 
Residential loans                                
Performing $42,225  $206,775  $104,572  $49,852  $54,276  $314,477  $89,965  $862,142 
Nonperforming  0   0   451   304   440   7,742   542   9,479 
Total residential loans $42,225  $206,775  $105,023  $50,156  $54,716  $322,219  $90,507  $871,621 
                                 
Consumer direct loans                                
Performing $17,940  $62,340  $28,626  $16,071  $7,553  $16,833  $0  $149,363 
Nonperforming  0   0   11   20   0   0   0   31 
Total consumer direct loans $17,940  $62,340  $28,637  $16,091  $7,553  $16,833  $0  $149,394 
                                 
Consumer indirect loans                                
Performing $69,625  $272,369  $120,724  $87,806  $42,636  $23,871  $0  $617,031 
Nonperforming  0   109   60   40   53   12   0   274 
Total consumer indirect loans $69,625  $272,478  $120,784  $87,846  $42,689  $23,883  $0  $617,305 
                                 
Consumer loans                                
Performing $87,565  $334,709  $149,350  $103,877  $50,189  $40,704  $0  $766,394 
Nonperforming  0   109   71   60   53   12   0   305 
Total consumer loans $87,565  $334,818  $149,421  $103,937  $50,242  $40,716  $0  $766,699 
March 31, 2022 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 
(in thousands) 2022  2021  2020  2019  2018  Prior  
Revolving
Loans
  Total 
Home equity lines                        
Performing $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $11,934  $94,324  $106,258 
Nonperforming  0   0   0   0   0   635   337   972 
Total home equity lines $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $12,569  $94,661  $107,230 
                                 
Mortgage loans                                
Performing $44,293  $196,891  $151,515  $70,288  $35,606  $274,366  $0  $772,959 
Nonperforming  0   0   0   485   415   6,594   0   7,494 
Total mortgage loans $44,293  $196,891  $151,515  $70,773  $36,021  $280,960  $0  $780,453 
                                 
Residential loans                                
Performing $44,293  $196,891  $151,515  $70,288  $35,606  $286,300  $94,324  $879,217 
Nonperforming  0   0   0   485   415   7,229   337   8,466 
Total residential loans $44,293  $196,891  $151,515  $70,773  $36,021  $293,529  $94,661  $887,683 
                                 
Consumer direct loans                                
Performing $19,055  $62,560  $34,193  $16,419  $9,332  $15,038  $0  $156,597 
Nonperforming  0   0   14   0   9   0   0   23 
Total consumer direct loans $19,055  $62,560  $34,207  $16,419  $9,341  $15,038  $0  $156,620 
                                 
Consumer indirect loans                                
Performing $123,676  $235,189  $167,492  $70,474  $46,187  $24,190  $0  $667,208 
Nonperforming  0   105   7   53   0   14   0   179 
Total consumer indirect loans $123,676  $235,294  $167,499  $70,527  $46,187  $24,204  $0  $667,387 
                                 
Consumer loans                                
Performing $142,731  $297,749  $201,685  $86,893  $55,519  $39,228  $0  $823,805 
Nonperforming  0   105   21   53   9   14   0   202 
Total consumer loans $142,731  $297,854  $201,706  $86,946  $55,528  $39,242  $0  $824,007 
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December 31, 2020 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 
December 31, 2021 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 
(in thousands) 2020  2019  2018  2017  2016  Prior  
Revolving
Loans
  Total  2021  2020  2019  2018  2017  Prior  
Revolving
Loans
  Total 
Home equity lines                                                
Performing $0  $0  $0  $0  $23  $12,049  $90,724  $102,796  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $10,909  $94,666  $105,575 
Nonperforming  0   0   0   0   0   585   389   974   0   0   0   0   0   520   572   1,092 
Total home equity lines $0  $0  $0  $0  $23  $12,634  $91,113  $103,770  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $11,429  $95,238  $106,667 
                                                                
Mortgage loans                                                                
Performing $214,629  $119,301  $56,812  $60,915  $48,253  $275,883  $0  $775,793  $195,731  $161,471  $75,792  $37,188  $42,597  $245,666  $0  $758,445 
Nonperforming  0   436   303   314   352   7,361   0   8,766   0   63   424   364   558   7,331   0   8,740 
Total mortgage loans $214,629  $119,737  $57,115  $61,229  $48,605  $283,244  $0  $784,559  $195,731  $161,534  $76,216  $37,552  $43,155  $252,997  $0  $767,185 
                                                                
Residential loans                                                                
Performing $214,629  $119,301  $56,812  $60,915  $48,276  $287,932  $90,724  $878,589  $195,731  $161,471  $75,792  $37,188  $42,597  $256,575  $94,666  $864,020 
Nonperforming  0   436   303   314   352   7,946   389   9,740   0   63   424   364   558   7,851   572   9,832 
Total residential loans $214,629  $119,737  $57,115  $61,229  $48,628  $295,878  $91,113  $888,329  $195,731  $161,534  $76,216  $37,552  $43,155  $264,426  $95,238  $873,852 
                                                                
Consumer direct loans                                                                
Performing $72,677  $32,993  $18,461  $9,157  $6,581  $12,364  $0  $152,233  $71,626  $39,312  $18,492  $10,468  $4,490  $12,251  $0  $156,639 
Nonperforming  7   57   0   7   0   0   0   71   0   4   3   34   3   0   0   44 
Total consumer direct loans $72,684  $33,050  $18,461  $9,164  $6,581  $12,364  $0  $152,304  $71,626  $39,316  $18,495  $10,502  $4,493  $12,251  $0  $156,683 
                                                                
Consumer indirect loans                                                                
Performing $301,494  $135,123  $100,482  $50,665  $23,777  $8,157  $0  $619,698  $263,127  $190,145  $80,793  $54,437  $23,449  $8,668  $0  $620,619 
Nonperforming  27   115   118   52   30   11   0   353   24   135   20   0   23   4   0   206 
Total consumer indirect loans $301,521  $135,238  $100,600  $50,717  $23,807  $8,168  $0  $620,051  $263,151  $190,280  $80,813  $54,437  $23,472  $8,672  $0  $620,825 
                                                                
Consumer loans                                                                
Performing $374,171  $168,116  $118,943  $59,822  $30,358  $20,521  $0  $771,931  $334,753  $229,457  $99,285  $64,905  $27,939  $20,919  $0  $777,258 
Nonperforming  34   172   118   59   30   11   0   424   24   139   23   34   26   4   0   250 
Total consumer loans $374,205  $168,288  $119,061  $59,881  $30,388  $20,532  $0  $772,355  $334,777  $229,596  $99,308  $64,939  $27,965  $20,923  $0  $777,508 

A loan is considered nonperforming if it is 90 days or more past due and/or on nonaccrual.


The total of consumer mortgage loans secured by real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings began, but have been suspended,resumed was $2.7$4.3 million at March 31, 2021.2022.  The total of consumer mortgage loans secured by real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings began, but had been suspended, at December 31, 20202021 was $2.9$2.3 million.

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In accordance with ASC 326-20-30-2, if a loan does not share risk characteristics with other pooled loans in determining the allowance for credit losses, the loan shall be evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis. Of the loans that CTBI has individually evaluated, the loans listed below by segment are those that are collateral dependent:

 March 31, 2022 
(in thousands) 
Number of
Loans
  
Recorded
Investment
  
Specific
Reserve
 
Hotel/motel  1  $8,348  $0 
Commercial real estate residential  4   7,119   0 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  11   19,827   200 
Commercial other  4   11,634   300 
Total collateral dependent loans  20  $46,928  $500 

 December 31, 2021 
(in thousands) 
Number of
Loans
  
Recorded
Investment
  
Specific
Reserve
 
Hotel/motel  2  $9,462  $600 
Commercial real estate residential  4   7,255   0 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  11   19,943   200 
Commercial other  1   1,113   350 
Total collateral dependent loans  18  $37,773  $1,150 

 March 31, 2021 
(in thousands) 
Number of
Loans
  
Recorded
Investment
  
Specific
Reserve
 
Hotel/motel  6  $34,174  $550 
Commercial real estate residential  5   8,679   0 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  10   19,431   200 
Commercial other  1   1,267   0 
Total collateral dependent loans  22  $63,551  $750 

 December 31, 2020 
(in thousands) 
Number of
Loans
  
Recorded
Investment
  
Specific
Reserve
 
Hotel/motel  5  $26,194  $250 
Commercial real estate residential  4   7,833   0 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  12   24,497   200 
Commercial other  1   5,050   0 
Total collateral dependent loans  22  $63,574  $450 

 March 31, 2020 
(in thousands) 
Number of
Loans
  
Recorded
Investment
  
Specific
Reserve
 
Hotel/motel  3  $14,712  $250 
Commercial real estate residential  7   5,125   92 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  16   25,296   720 
Commercial other  5   9,569   957 
Total collateral dependent loans  31  $54,702  $2,019 


The hotel/motel, commercial real estate residential, and commercial real estate nonresidential segments are all collateralized with real estate.  The 1 loanNaN of the 4 loans listed in the commercial other segment at March 31, 20212022 is collateralized by various chattel, including surface mining equipment, preparation plant equipment, and a first mortgage on a preparation plant, real estate, and improvements.  The 1 loan listedother 3 loans in the commercial other segment at December 31, 2020 wasthis category are collateralized by various chattel and real estate collateral with $5.1 million collateralized by a leasehold mortgage and assignment of lease on commercial property as well as furniture, fixtures, and equipment of the leasehold property.  The 5 loans listed in the commercial other segment at March 31, 2020 were collateralized by various chattel and real estate collateral with $5.1 million collateralized by a leasehold mortgage and assignment of lease on commercial property as well as furniture, fixtures, and equipment of the leasehold property, $4.1 million primarily collateralized by underground coal miningaccounts receivable, equipment, and junior real estate liens, and the remaining $0.4 million collateralized by a mix of commercial real estate and liens on furniture, fixtures, and equipment.inventory.

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CertainCertain loans have been modified in troubled debt restructurings,TDRs, where economic concessions were granted to borrowers consisting of reductions in the interest rates, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, and forbearances.  Presented below, segregated by class of loans, are troubled debt restructuringsTDRs that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 20202021 and the year ended December 31, 2020:2021:

 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
  
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2022
 
 Pre-Modification Outstanding Balance  Pre-Modification Outstanding Balance 
(in thousands)
 
Number of
Loans
  
Term
Modification
  Combination  
Total
Modification
 
(in thousands) Number of Loans  Term Modification  Combination  Total Modification 
Hotel/motel  0  $0  $0  $0  0  $0  $0  $0 
Commercial real estate residential  0   0   0   0  2  154  0  154 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  1   0   284   284  2  245  0  245 
Commercial other  0   0   0   0  4  964  0  964 
Total commercial loans  1   0   284   284  8  1,363  0  1,363 
                            
Real estate mortgage  0   0   0   0   2   0   916   916 
Total residential loans  0   0   0   0  2  0  916  916 
                            
Total troubled debt restructurings  1  $0  $284  $284  10  $1,363  $916  $2,279 

 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
 
  Post-Modification Outstanding Balance 
(in thousands)
 
Number of
Loans
  
Term
Modification
  Combination  
Total
Modification
 
Hotel/motel  0  $0  $0  $0 
Commercial real estate residential  0   0   0   0 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  1   0   284   284 
Commercial other  0   0   0   0 
Total commercial loans  1   0   284   284 
                 
Real estate mortgage  0   0   0   0 
Total residential loans  0   0   0   0 
                 
Total troubled debt restructurings  1  $0  $284  $284 

 
Year Ended
December 31, 2020
 
  Pre-Modification Outstanding Balance 
(in thousands)
 
Number of
Loans
  
Term
Modification
  Combination  
Total
Modification
 
Hotel/motel  1  $1,113  $0  $1,113 
Commercial real estate residential  12   4,694   1,809   6,503 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  18   7,295   782   8,077 
Commercial other  12   637   53   690 
Total commercial loans  43   13,739   2,644   16,383 
                 
Real estate mortgage  4   1,496   0   1,496 
Total residential loans  4   1,496   0   1,496 
                 
Total troubled debt restructurings  47  $15,235  $2,644  $17,879 
29
27
  
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2022
 
  Post-Modification Outstanding Balance 
(in thousands) Number of Loans  Term Modification  Combination  Total Modification 
Hotel/motel  0  $0  $0  $0 
Commercial real estate residential  2   154   0   154 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  2   244   0   244 
Commercial other  4   963   0   963 
Total commercial loans  8   1,361   0   1,361 
                 
Real estate mortgage  2   0   916   916 
Total residential loans  2   0   916   916 
                 
Total troubled debt restructurings  10  $1,361  $916  $2,277 

  
Year Ended
December 31, 2021
 
  Pre-Modification Outstanding Balance 
(in thousands) Number of Loans  Term Modification  Combination  Other  Total Modification 
Hotel/motel
  
0
  $
0
  $
0
  $
0
  $
0
 
Commercial real estate residential
  
6
  

388
  

0
  

0  
388
 
Commercial real estate nonresidential
  
9
   
4,179
   
2,988
   0   
7,167
 
Commercial other
  
5
   
417
   
0
   
0
   
417
 
Total commercial loans
  
20
   
4,984
   
2,988
   
0
   
7,972
 
                     
Real estate mortgage
  
3
   
278
   
277
   
262
   
817
 
Total residential loans
  
3
   
278
   
277
   
262
   
817
 
               
     
Total troubled debt restructurings  
23
  
$
5,262
  
$
3,265
  
$
262
  
$
8,789
 

  
Year Ended
December 31, 2021
 
  Post-Modification Outstanding Balance 
(in thousands) Number of Loans  Term Modification  Combination  Other  Total Modification 
Commercial real estate residential
  
6
  
$
424
  
$
0
  
$
0  
$
424
 
Commercial real estate nonresidential
  
9
   
4,282
   
3,000
   
0
   
7,282
 
Hotel/motel
  
0
   
0
   
0
   0   
0
 
Commercial other
  
5
   
340
   
0
   
0
   
340
 
Total commercial loans
  
20
   
5,046
   
3,000
   
0
   
8,046
 
                     
Real estate mortgage
  
3
   
279
   
277
   
262
   
818
 
Total residential loans
  
3
   
279
   
277
   
262
   
818
 
                     
Total troubled debt restructurings  
23
  
$
5,325
  
$
3,277
  
$
262
  
$
8,864
 


28
 
Year Ended
December 31, 2020
 
  Post-Modification Outstanding Balance 
(in thousands)
 
Number of
Loans
  
Term
Modification
  Combination  
Total
Modification
 
Hotel/motel  1  $1,113  $0  $1,113 
Commercial real estate residential  12   4,696   1,809   6,505 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  18   7,349   782   8,131 
Commercial other  12   571   51   622 
Total commercial loans  43   13,729   2,642   16,371 
                 
Real estate mortgage  4   1,479   0   1,479 
Total residential loans  4   1,479   0   1,479 
                 
Total troubled debt restructurings  47  $15,208  $2,642  $17,850 
  
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
 
  Pre-Modification Outstanding Balance 
(in thousands) Number of Loans  Term Modification  Combination  Total Modification 
Hotel/motel  0  $0  $0  $0 
Commercial real estate residential  0   0   0   0 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  1   0   284   284 
Commercial other  0   0   0   0 
Total commercial loans  1   0   284   284 
                 
Real estate mortgage  0   0   0   0 
Total residential loans  0   0   0   0 
                 
Total troubled debt restructurings  1  $0  $284  $284 

 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2020
 
     
Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
  
Post-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
 
(in thousands)
 
Number of
Loans
  Term  
Total
Modification
  
Term
Modification
  
Total
Modification
 
New troubled debt restructurings               
Hotel/motel  0  $0  $0  $0  $0 
Commercial real estate residential  8   4,397   4,397   4,399   4,399 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  9   2,345   2,345   2,336   2,336 
Commercial other  5   464   464   399   399 
Total commercial loans  22   7,206   7,206   7,134   7,134 
                     
Real estate mortgage  1   388   388   388   388 
Total residential loans  1   388   388   388   388 
                     
Total troubled debt restructurings  23  $7,594  $7,594  $7,522  $7,522 

  
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
 
  Post-Modification Outstanding Balance 
(in thousands) Number of Loans  Term Modification  Combination  Total Modification 
Hotel/motel  0  $0  $0  $0 
Commercial real estate residential  0   0   0   0 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  1   0   284   284 
Commercial other  0   0   0   0 
Total commercial loans  1   0   284   284 
                 
Real estate mortgage  0   0   0   0 
Total residential loans  0   0   0   0 
                 
Total troubled debt restructurings  1  $0  $284  $284 


No charge-offs have resulted from modifications for any of the presented periods.  We had commitments to extend additional credit in the amount of $88$175 thousand and $85$52 thousand at March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, on loans that were considered troubled debt restructurings.TDRs.

30


Loans retain their accrual status at the time of their modification. As a result, if a loan is on nonaccrual at the time it is modified, it stays as nonaccrual, and if a loan is on accrual at the time of the modification, it generally stays on accrual.  Commercial and consumer loans modified in a troubled debt restructuringTDR are closely monitored for delinquency as an early indicator of possible future default.  If loans modified in a troubled debt restructuringTDR subsequently default, CTBI evaluates the loan for possible further impairment.  The allowance for loan losses may be increased, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance, or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan.  Presented below, segregated by class of loans, are loans that were modified as troubled debt restructuringsTDRs within the past twelve months which have subsequently defaulted.  CTBI considers a loan in default when it is 90 days or more past due or transferred to nonaccrual.  Presented below, segregated by segment, are troubled debt restructuringsTDRs for which there was a payment default during the periods indicated and such default was within twelve months of the loan modification as of December 31, 2020.modification.  There were no defaults as of0 defaulted restructured loans for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

(in thousands)
 
Year Ended
December 31, 2020
 
  
Number of
Loans
  
Recorded
Balance
 
Commercial:      
Commercial other  3  $368 
Total defaulted restructured loans  3  $368 
2022.

29
(in thousands) 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2022
  
Year Ended
December 31, 2021
 
  Number of Loans  Recorded Balance  Number of Loans  Recorded Balance 
Commercial:
            
Hotel/motel  
0
  
$
0
   
1
  
$
1,113
 
Commercial other  
0
   
0
   
0
   
0
 
Residential:
                
Real estate mortgage  
0
   
0
   
1
   
275
 
Total defaulted restructured loans  
0
  
$
0
   
2
  
$
1,388
 

Note 5 – Other Real Estate Owned


Activity for other real estate owned was as follows:

 
Three Months Ended
March 31
  
Three Months Ended
March 31
 
(in thousands) 2021  2020  2022  2021 
Beginning balance of other real estate owned $7,694  $19,480  $3,486  $7,694 
New assets acquired  (170)  1,625   137   (170)
Fair value adjustments  (154)  (458)  (246)  (154)
Sale of assets  (1,146)  (831)  (1,078)  (1,146)
Ending balance of other real estate owned $6,224  $19,816  $2,299  $6,224 


Carrying costs and fair value adjustments associated with foreclosed properties for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $0.4 million and 2020 were $0.3 million, and $0.9 million, respectively.  See Note 1 forFor a description of our accounting policies relative to foreclosed properties and other real estate owned.owned, see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.


The major classifications of foreclosed properties are shown in the following table:

(in thousands) 
March 31
2021
  
December 31
2020
 
1-4 family $1,277  $1,888 
Construction/land development/other  616   1,069 
Multifamily  88   88 
Non-farm/non-residential  4,243   4,649 
Total foreclosed properties $6,224  $7,694 
(in thousands) 
March 31
2022
  
December 31
2021
 
1-4 family $940  $1,130 
Construction/land development/other  465   480 
Multifamily  0   88 
Non-farm/non-residential  894   1,788 
Total foreclosed properties $2,299  $3,486 

Note 6 – Repurchase Agreements


We utilize securities sold under agreements to repurchase to facilitate the needs of our customers and provide additional funding to our balance sheet. Repurchase agreements are transactions whereby we offer to sell to a counterparty an undivided interest in an eligible security at an agreed upon purchase price, and which obligates CTBI to repurchase the security on an agreed upon date at an agreed upon repurchase price plus interest at an agreed upon rate. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are recorded at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction and are reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

31
30

We monitor collateral levels on a continuous basis and maintain records of each transaction specifically describing the applicable security and the counterparty’s fractional interest in that security, and we segregate the security from its general assets in accordance with regulations governing custodial holdings of securities. The primary risk with our repurchase agreements is market risk associated with the securities securing the transactions, as we may be required to provide additional collateral based on fair value changes of the underlying securities. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with our safekeeping agents. The carrying value of investment securities available-for-sale pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements totaled $396.2$330.9 million and $397.4$317.1 million at March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively.


The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase by class of collateral pledged included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of March 31,2021 2022 and December 31, 20202021 is presented in the following tables:

 March 31, 2021  March 31, 2022 
 Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements  Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements 
(in thousands) 
Overnight and
Continuous
  Up to 30 days  30-90 days  
Greater Than
90 days
  Total  
Overnight
and
Continuous
  
Up to
30 days
  30-90 days  
Greater
Than
90 days
  Total 
Repurchase agreements and repurchase-to-maturity transactions:                              
U.S. Treasury and government agencies $3,894  $22  $0  $38,051  $41,967  $2,470  $0  $25,000  $14,209  $41,679 
State and political subdivisions  63,479   179   0   32,463   96,121   82,075   0   0   22,045   104,120 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  26,952   1,104   0   188,091   216,147   25,228   0   0   83,596   108,824 
Total $94,325  $1,305  $0  $258,605  $354,235  $109,773  $0  $25,000  $119,850  $254,623 

 December 31, 2020 
  Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements 
(in thousands) 
Overnight and
Continuous
  Up to 30 days  30-90 days  
Greater Than
90 days
  Total 
Repurchase agreements and repurchase-to-maturity transactions:               
U.S. Treasury and government agencies $8,777  $0  $2,831  $31,800  $43,408 
State and political subdivisions  54,639   0   1,132   21,421   77,192 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  33,040   0   101,037   101,185   235,262 
Total $96,456  $0  $105,000  $154,406  $355,862 
 December 31, 2021 
  Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements 
(in thousands) 
Overnight
and
Continuous
  
Up to
30 days
  30-90 days  
Greater
Than
90 days
  Total 
Repurchase agreements and repurchase-to-maturity transactions:               
U.S. Treasury and government agencies $3,176  $16  $5,400  $10,040  $18,632 
State and political subdivisions  83,375   484   13,633   9,427   106,919 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  24,689   0   85,967   34,881   145,537 
Total $111,240  $500  $105,000  $54,348  $271,088 


Note 7 – Fair Market Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value Measurements


ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principlesGAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.  ASC 820 applies whenever other standards require (or permit) assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value but does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances.  Fair value measurements must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.  In this standard, the FASB clarifies the principle that fair value should be based on the exit price when pricing the asset or liability.  In support of this principle, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions.  The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

32
Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

31
Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in determining an exit price for the assets or liabilities.

Recurring Measurements


The following tables present the fair value measurements of assets recognized in the accompanying balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 20202021 and indicate the level within the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques.

(in thousands)    
Fair Value Measurements at
March 31, 2022 Using
 
    
Fair Value Measurements at
March 31, 2021 Using
  Fair Value  
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
(in thousands) Fair Value  
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets measured – recurring basis                        
Available-for-sale securities:                        
U.S. Treasury and government agencies $203,619  $134,598  $69,021  $0  $451,731  $402,275  $49,456  $0 
State and political subdivisions  220,117   0   220,117   0   302,662   0   302,662   0 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  674,832   0   674,832   0   655,213   0   655,213   0 
Other debt securities  56,627   0   56,627   0 
Asset-backed securities  93,559   0   93,559   0 
Equity securities at fair value  2,243   0   0   2,243   2,352   0   0   2,352 
Mortgage servicing rights  5,584   0   0   5,584   7,748   0   0   7,748 

33

(in thousands)    
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2021 Using
 
    
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2020 Using
  Fair Value  
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
(in thousands) Fair Value  
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets measured – recurring basis                        
Available-for-sale securities:                        
U.S. Treasury and government agencies $148,793  $74,991  $73,802  $0  $295,770  $242,214  $53,556  $0 
State and political subdivisions  140,416   0   140,416   0   334,203   0   334,203   0 
U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities  651,807   0   651,807   0   730,809   0   730,809   0 
Other debt securities  56,245   0   56,245   0 
Asset-backed securities  94,647   0   94,647   0 
Equity securities at fair value  2,471   0   0   2,471   2,253   0   0   2,253 
Mortgage servicing rights  4,068   0   0   4,068   6,774   0   0   6,774 


Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.  These valuation methodologies were applied to all of CTBI’s financial assets carried at fair value.  CTBI had no liabilities measured and recorded at fair value as of March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020.2021.  There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the quarter ended March 31, 2021.2022.  For assets classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value is described below.

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Available-for-Sale Securities


Securities classified as available-for-saleAFS are reported at fair value on a recurring basis.  U.S. Treasury and government agencies are classified as Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy where quoted market prices are available in the active market on which the individual securities are traded.


If quoted market prices are not available, CTBI obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service, such as Interactive Data, which utilizes pricing models to determine fair value measurement.  CTBI reviews the pricing quarterly to verify the reasonableness of the pricing.  The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information, and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other factors.  U.S. Treasury and government agencies, state and political subdivisions, U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities, and other debtasset-backed securities are classified as Level 2 inputs.


In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.  Fair value determinations for Level 3 measurements are estimated on a quarterly basis where assumptions used are reviewed to ensure the estimated fair value complies with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States.

Equity Securities at Fair Value


As of March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the only securities owned by CTBI that were valued using Level 3 criteria are Visa Class B Stock (included in equity securities at fair value).  Fair value for Visa Class B Stock is determined by an independent third party utilizing assumptions about factors such as quarterly common stock dividend payments, the conversion of the securities to the relevant Class A Stock shares subject to the prevailing conversion rate, and conversion date.  We have concluded that the third party assumptions, processes, and conclusions areto be reasonable and appropriate in determining the fair value of this asset.  See the table below for inputs and valuation techniques used for Level 3 equity securities.

34
Mortgage Servicing Rights


Mortgage servicing rights(“MSRs”) do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices.  CTBI reports mortgage servicing rightsMSRs at fair value on a recurring basis with subsequent remeasurement of MSRs based on change in fair value.


In determining fair value, CTBI utilizes the expertise of an independent third party.  Accordingly, fair value is determined by the independent third party by utilizing assumptions about factors such as mortgage interest rates, discount rates, mortgage loan prepayment speeds, market trends and industry demand.  Due to the nature of the valuation inputs, mortgage servicing rightsMSRs are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.  Fair value determinations for Level 3 measurements of mortgage servicing rightsMSRs are tested for impairment on a quarterly basis where assumptions used are reviewed to ensure the estimated fair value complies with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States.  We have reviewed the assumptions, processes, and conclusions of the third party provider.  We have determined these assumptions, processes, and conclusions to be reasonable and appropriate in determining the fair value of this asset.  See the table below for inputs and valuation techniques used for Level 3 mortgage servicing rights.MSRs.

33
Level 3 Reconciliation


Following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of recurring fair value measurements, for the periods indicated, using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs:

(in thousands) 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
  
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2020
  
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2022
  
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
 
 
Equity
Securities at
Fair Value
  
Mortgage
Servicing
Rights
  
Equity
Securities at
Fair Value
  
Mortgage
Servicing
Rights
  
Equity
Securities
at Fair
Value
  
Mortgage
Servicing
Rights
  
Equity
Securities
at Fair Value
  
Mortgage
Servicing
Rights
 
Beginning balance $2,471  $4,068  $1,953  $3,263  $2,253  $6,774  $2,471  $4,068 
Total unrealized gains (losses) Included in net income  (228)  1,030   (232)  (818)  99   983   (228)  1,030 
Issues  0   736   0   144   0   229   0   736 
Settlements  0   (250)  0   (108)  0   (238)  0   (250)
Ending balance $2,243  $5,584  $1,721  $2,481  $2,352  $7,748  $2,243  $5,584 
                                
Total gains (losses) for the period included in net income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses related to assets still held at the reporting date $(228) $1,030  $(232) $(818) $99  $983  $(228) $1,030 


Realized and unrealized gains and losses for items reflected in the table above are included in net income in the consolidated statements of income as follows:

Noninterest Income
 
Three Months Ended
March 31
 
(in thousands) 2022  2021 
Total gains
 $844 $552

 
Three Months Ended
March 31
 
(in thousands) 2021  2020 
Total gains (losses) $552  $(1,159)

35
Nonrecurring Measurements


The following tables present the fair value measurements of assets recognized in the accompanying balance sheets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 20202021 and indicate the level within the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques.

(in thousands)    
Fair Value Measurements at
March 31, 2022 Using
 
    
Fair Value Measurements at
March 31, 2021 Using
  Fair Value  
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
(in thousands) Fair Value  
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets measured – nonrecurring basis                        
Collateral dependent loans $563  $0  $0  $563  $759  $0  $0  $759 
Other real estate owned  530   0   0   530   688   0   0   688 

    
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2020 Using
 
(in thousands) Fair Value  
Quoted Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets measured – nonrecurring basis            
Collateral-dependent loans $1,768  $0  $0  $1,768 
Other real estate owned  2,395   0   0   2,395 
34
(in thousands)    
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2021 Using
 

 Fair Value  
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets measured – nonrecurring basis            
Collateral-dependent loans $1,238  $0  $0  $1,238 
Other real estate owned  1,487   0   0   1,487 


Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheet, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.  For assets classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value is described below.

Collateral Dependent Loans


The estimated fair value of collateral-dependent loans is based on the appraised fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell.  Collateral-dependent loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.


CTBI considers the appraisal or evaluation as the starting point for determining fair value and then considers other factors and events in the environment that may affect the fair value.  Appraisals of the collateral underlying collateral-dependent loans are obtained when the loan is determined to be collateral-dependent and subsequently as deemed necessary by the Chief Credit Officer.  Appraisals are reviewed for accuracy and consistency by the Chief Credit Officer.  Appraisers are selected from the list of approved appraisers maintained by management.  The appraised values are reduced by discounts to consider lack of marketability and estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of the loan is dependent on the sale of the collateral.  These discounts and estimates are developed by the Chief Credit Officer by comparison to historical results.


Loans considered collateral dependent are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty in accordance with ASC 326-20-35-5.  Quarter-to-date fair value adjustments on collateral- dependent loans disclosed above werewas a recovery of $0.30.1 million, at March 31, 2022, and expense of $0.00.4 million, and $0.80.3 million for the quarters ended MarchDecember 31, 2021 December 31,2020, and March 31, 2020,2021, respectively.

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Other Real Estate Owned


In accordance with the provisions of ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, other real estate owned (“OREO”) is carried at the lower of fair value at acquisition date or current estimated fair value, less estimated cost to sell when the real estate is acquired.  Estimated fair value of OREO is based on appraisals or evaluations.  OREO is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.  Long-lived assets are subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustments to reflect subsequent partial write-downs that are based on the observable market price or current appraised value of the collateral.  Quarter-to-date fair value adjustments on other real estate ownedOREO disclosed above were $0.2 million, $0.1 million, and $0.4 million for each of the quarters ended March 31, 2021,2022, December 31, 2020,2021, and March 31, 2020,2021 respectively..


Our policy for determining the frequency of periodic reviews is based upon consideration of the specific properties and the known or perceived market fluctuations in a particular market and is typically between 12 and 18 months but generally not more than 24 months.  Appraisers are selected from the list of approved appraisers maintained by management.

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Unobservable (Level 3) Inputs


The following tables present quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020.2021.

(in thousands)Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value at
March 31,
2021
Valuation Technique(s)Unobservable Input
Range
(Weighted Average)
Equity securities at fair value$2,243Discount cash flows, computer pricing modelDiscount rate
8.0% - 12.0%
(10.0%)
Conversion date
Dec 2023 – Dec 2027
(Dec 2025)
Mortgage servicing rights$5,584Discount cash flows, computer pricing modelConstant prepayment rate
0.0% - 36.5%
(11.0%)
Probability of default
0.0% - 100.0%
(1.8%)
Discount rate
10.0% - 11.5%
(10.1%)
Collateral dependent loans$563Market comparable propertiesMarketability discount
0.0%- 55.3%
(55.3%)
Other real estate owned$530Market comparable propertiesComparability adjustments
9.1% - 58.1%
(24.9%)
(in thousands) Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
  
Fair Value at
March 31,
2022
 
Valuation
Technique(s)
Unobservable Input 
Range
(Weighted
Average)
Equity securities at fair value $2,352 Discount cash flows, computer pricing modelDiscount rate  
8.0% - 12.0%
(10.0%)
          Conversion date 
Dec 2024 - 
Dec 2028
(Dec 2026)
          
Mortgage servicing rights $7,748 Discount cash flows, computer pricing modelConstant prepayment rate  
7.0% - 28.3%
(8.1%)
          Probability of default  
0.0% - 66.7%
(1.3%)
          Discount rate  
10.0% - 11.5%
(10.1%)
          
Collateral dependent loans $759 Market comparable propertiesMarketability discount  
20.0% - 20.0%
(20.0%)
          
Other real estate owned $688 Market comparable propertiesComparability adjustments  
10.0% - 34.15%
(14.3%)

37

 (in thousands)Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value at
December 31,
2020
Valuation Technique(s)Unobservable Input
Range
(Weighted Average)
Equity securities at fair value$2,471Discount cash flows, computer pricing modelDiscount rate
8.0% - 12.0%
(10.0%)
Conversion date
Dec 2022 – Dec 2026
(Dec 2024)
Mortgage servicing rights$4,068Discount cash flows, computer pricing modelConstant prepayment rate
0.0% - 32.8%
(15.7%)
Probability of default
0.0% - 100.0%
(1.7%)
Discount rate
10.0% - 11.5%
(10.1%)
Collateral-dependent loans$1,768Market comparable propertiesMarketability discount
17.5% - 31.5%
(24.5%)
Other real estate owned$2,395Market comparable propertiesComparability adjustments
(9.1)% - 64.3%
(12.8%)

 (in thousands) Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
  
Fair Value at
December 31,
2021
 
Valuation
Technique(s)
Unobservable Input 
Range
(Weighted
Average)
Equity securities at fair value $2,253 Discount cash flows, computer pricing modelDiscount rate  
8.0% - 12.0%
(10.0%)
          Conversion date 
Dec 2024 - Dec 2028
(Dec 2026)
          
Mortgage servicing rights $6,774 Discount cash flows, computer pricing modelConstant prepayment rate  
7.0% - 26.7%
(10.0%)
          Probability of default  
0.0% - 75.0%
(1.4%)
          Discount rate  
10.0% - 11.5%
(10.1%)
          
Collateral-dependent loans $1,238 Market comparable propertiesMarketability discount  
20.0% - 62.0%
(41.0%)
          
Other real estate owned $1,487 Market comparable propertiesComparability adjustments  
10.0% - 45.5%
(15.1%)

Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements


The following is a discussion of the uncertainty of fair value measurements, the interrelationships between those inputs and other unobservable inputs used in recurring fair value measurement and of how those inputs might magnify or mitigate the effect of changes in the unobservable inputs on the fair value measurement.

36
Equity Securities at Fair Value


Fair market value for equity securities is derived based on unobservable inputs, such as the discount rate, quarterly dividends payable to the Visa Class B common stock and the prevailing conversion rate at the conversion date.  The most recent conversion rate of 1.62281.6181 and the most recent dividend rate of 0.51930.6068 were used to derive the fair value estimate.  Significant increases (decreases) in either of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.  Generally, a change in the assumption used for discount rate is accompanied by a directionally opposite change in the fair value estimate.

Mortgage Servicing Rights


Fair market value for mortgage servicing rightsMSRs is derived based on unobservable inputs, such as prepayment speeds of the underlying loans generated using the Andrew Davidson Prepayment Model, FHLMC/FNMA guidelines, the weighted average life of the loan, the discount rate, the weighted average coupon, and the weighted average default rate.  Significant increases (decreases) in either of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.  Generally, a change in the assumption used for prepayment speeds is accompanied by a directionally opposite change in the assumption for interest rates.

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37
Fair Value of Financial Instruments


The following table presents estimated fair value of CTBI’s financial instruments as of March 31, 20212022 and indicates the level within the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques.  In accordance with the adoption of ASU 2016-01, the fair values as of March 31, 20212022 were measured using an exit price notion.

    
Fair Value Measurements
at March 31, 2021 Using
     
Fair Value Measurements
at March 31, 2022 Using
 
(in thousands) 
Carrying
Amount
  
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
  
Carrying
Amount
  
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Financial assets:                        
Cash and cash equivalents $423,105  $423,105  $0  $0  $164,485  $164,485  $0  $0 
Certificates of deposit in other banks  245   0   245   0   245   0   245   0 
Debt securities available-for-sale  1,155,195   134,598   1,020,597   0   1,503,165   402,275   1,100,890   0 
Equity securities at fair value  2,243   0   0   2,243   2,352   0   0   2,352 
Loans held for sale  17,748   18,195   0   0   1,941   1,979   0   0 
Loans, net  3,493,458   0   0   3,649,893   3,473,232   0   0   3,565,567 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock  9,971   0   9,971   0   8,139   0   8,139   0 
Federal Reserve Bank stock  4,887   0   4,887   0   4,887   0   4,887   0 
Accrued interest receivable  15,188   0   15,188   0   15,024   0   15,024   0 
Mortgage servicing rights  5,584   0   0   5,584 
                
                                
Financial liabilities:                                
Deposits $4,233,772  $1,283,309  $3,002,615  $0  $4,428,304  $1,398,529  $3,046,220  $0 
Repurchase agreements  354,235   0   0   354,158   254,623   0   0   254,885 
Federal funds purchased  500   0   500   0   500   0   500   0 
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank  390   0   427   0   370   0   392   0 
Long-term debt  57,841   0   0   38,425   57,841   0   0   47,415 
Accrued interest payable  1,365   0   1,365   0   1,306   0   1,306   0 
                                
Unrecognized financial instruments:                                
Letters of credit $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0 
Commitments to extend credit  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 
Forward sale commitments  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 

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38

The following table presents estimated fair value of CTBI’s financial instruments as of December 31, 20202021 and indicates the level within the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques.

    
Fair Value Measurements
at December 31, 2020 Using
 
(in thousands) 
Carrying
Amount
  
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Financial assets:            
Cash and cash equivalents $338,235  $338,235  $0  $0 
Certificates of deposit in other banks  245   0   245   0 
Debt securities available-for-sale  997,261   74,991   922,270   0 
Equity securities at fair value  2,471   0   0   2,471 
Loans held for sale  23,259   23,884   0   0 
Loans, net  3,506,189   0   0   3,658,554 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock  10,048   0   10,048   0 
Federal Reserve Bank stock  4,887   0   4,887   0 
Accrued interest receivable  15,818   0   15,818   0 
Mortgage servicing rights  4,068   0   0   4,068 
                 
Financial liabilities:                
Deposits $4,016,082  $1,140,925  $2,913,217  $0 
Repurchase agreements  355,862   0   0   355,918 
Federal funds purchased  500   0   500   0 
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank  395   0   436   0 
Long-term debt  57,841   0   0   40,081 
Accrued interest payable  1,243   0   1,243   0 
                 
Unrecognized financial instruments:                
Letters of credit $0  $0  $0  $0 
Commitments to extend credit  0   0   0   0 
Forward sale commitments  0   0   0   0 
    
Fair Value Measurements
at December 31, 2021 Using
 
(in thousands) 
Carrying
Amount
  
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
  
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Financial assets:            
Cash and cash equivalents $311,756  $311,756  $0  $0 
Certificates of deposit in other banks  245   0   245   0 
Debt securities available-for-sale  1,455,429   242,214   1,213,215   0 
Equity securities at fair value  2,253   0   0   2,253 
Loans held for sale  2,632   2,693   0   0 
Loans, net  3,367,057   0   0   3,480,803 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock  8,139   0   8,139   0 
Federal Reserve Bank stock  4,887   0   4,887   0 
Accrued interest receivable  15,415   0   15,415   0 
                 
                 
Financial liabilities:                
Deposits $4,344,292  $1,331,103  $3,043,339  $0 
Repurchase agreements  271,088   0   0   271,186 
Federal funds purchased  500   0   500   0 
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank  375   0   400   0 
Long-term debt  57,841   0   0   45,854 
Accrued interest payable  1,016   0   1,016   0 
                 
Unrecognized financial instruments:                
Letters of credit $0  $0  $0  $0 
Commitments to extend credit  0   0   0   0 
Forward sale commitments  0   0   0   0 

Note 8 – Revenue Recognition


CTBI’s primary source of revenue is interest income generated from loans and investment securities.  Interest income is recognized according to the terms of the financial instrument agreement over the life of the loan or investment security unless it is determined that the counterparty is unable to continue making interest payments.  Interest income also includes prepaid interest fees from commercial customers, which approximates the interest foregone on the balance of the loan prepaid.


CTBI’s additional source of income, also referred to as noninterest income, includes service charges on deposit accounts, gainsgains/losses on salesthe sale of loans,OREO, gains/losses on the sale of property, plant and equipment, trust and wealth management income, loan related fees, brokerage revenue, and other miscellaneous income and is largely based on contracts with customers.  In these cases, CTBI recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. CTBI considers a customer to be any party to which we will provide goods or services that are an output of CTBI’s ordinary activities in exchange for consideration.  There is little seasonality with regards to revenue from contracts with customers and all inter-company revenue is eliminated when CTBI’s financial statements are consolidated.


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Generally, CTBI enters into contracts with customers that are short-term in nature where the performance obligations are fulfilled and payment is processed at the same time.  Such examples include revenue related to merchant fees, interchange fees, and investment services income.  In addition, revenue generated from existing customer relationships such as deposit accounts are also considered short-term in nature, because the relationship may be terminated at any time and payment is processed at the time performance obligations are fulfilled.  As a result, CTBI does 0t have contract assets, contract liabilities, or related receivable accounts for contracts with customers.   In cases where collectability is a concern, CTBI does not record revenue.

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Generally, the pricing of transactions between CTBI and each customer is either (i) established within a legally enforceable contract between the two parties, as is the case with loan sales, or (ii) disclosed to the customer at a specific point in time, as is the case when a deposit account is opened or before a new loan is underwritten.  Fees are usually fixed at a specific amount or as a percentage of a transaction amount.  No judgment or estimates by management are required to record revenue related to these transactions and pricing is clearly identified within these contracts.


CTBI primarily operates in Kentucky and contiguous areas. Therefore, all significant operating decisions are based upon analysis of CTBI as 1 operating segment.


We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by contract-type and timing of revenue recognition, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.  Noninterest income not generated under accounting guidance for revenue from contracts with customers during CTBI’s ordinary activities primarily relates to mortgage servicing rights,gains on sales of loans, MSRs, gains/losses on the sale of investment securities, gains/losses on the sale of other real estate owned, gains/losses on the sale of property, plant and equipment, and income from bank owned life insurance.


For more information related to our components of noninterest income, see the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income above.

Note 9 – Earnings Per Share


The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

 
Three Months Ended
March 31
  
Three Months Ended
March 31
 
(in thousands except per share data) 2021  2020  2022  2021 
Numerator:            
Net income $23,618  $6,579  $19,728  $23,618 
                
Denominator:                
Basic earnings per share:                
Weighted average shares  17,774   17,752   17,820   17,774 
Diluted earnings per share:                
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock grants  13   11   12   13 
Adjusted weighted average shares  17,787   17,763   17,832   17,787 
                
Earnings per share:                
Basic earnings per share $1.33  $0.37  $1.11  $1.33 
Diluted earnings per share  1.33   0.37   1.11   1.33 


There were 0 options to purchase common shares that were excluded from the diluted calculations above for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.  Options to purchase 20,000 common shares at a weighted average price of $32.27 were excluded from the diluted calculations above for the three months ended March 31,2020, because the exercise prices on the options were greater than the average market price for the period.  In addition to in-the-money stock options, unvested restricted stock grants were also used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share based on the treasury method.

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40


Note 10 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Unrealized gains on AFS securities


Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI)(“AOCI”) and the affected line items in the statements of income during the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 20202021 were:

 Amounts Reclassified from AOCI 
(in thousands) 
Three Months Ended
March 31
 
  2021  2020 
Affected line item in the statements of income      
Securities gains $60  $481 
Tax expense  16   125 
Total reclassifications out of AOCI $44  $356 
 
Amounts Reclassified from
AOCI
 
(in thousands) 
Three Months Ended
March 31
 
  2022  2021 
Affected line item in the statements of income      
Securities gains $0  $60 
Tax expense  0   16 
Total reclassifications out of AOCI $0  $44 

Note 11 – COVID-19 and CARES Act Loan Activities


We continue working with our customers through the COVID-19 pandemic.  At March 31, 2021, the number of customers with CARES Act deferrals reduced to 226 for a total outstanding amount of $81.8 million.  The majority of our CARES Act deferrals have been 90 day deferrals.  Total outstanding deferrals include 73 commercial loan deferrals with a total outstanding amount of $73.8 million, 83 residential loan deferrals with a total outstanding amount of $6.5 million, and 70 consumer loan deferrals with a total outstanding amount of $1.5 million.  Included in the commercial loan deferrals are 20 four time deferrals totaling $40.5 million and 2 five time deferrals totaling $10.6 million.  In most cases, these loans have been downgraded; however, they remain within the pass category, as little to no loss is anticipated.  One of the loans was already graded substandard prior to the deferrals being granted.  These loan deferrals and modifications have been executed consistent with the guidelines of the CARES Act.  Pursuant to the CARES Act, these loan deferrals are not included in our nonperforming loans.


At March 31, 2021, we had closed 412,962 Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans totaling $277.0 million, stemming from the CARES Act passed by Congress as a stimulus response to the potential economic impacts of COVID-19.  The initial phase of the PPP program expired on August 8, 2020, and the loan forgiveness process began shortly thereafter.  Through March 31, 2021, we have had 1,563 of our PPP loans forgiven by the SBA in a total amount of $117.2 million.  During the first quarter, $98.1 million in PPP loans were paid off or forgiven.  An additional stimulus package, included as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021, was signed into law in late December 2020 providing for an additional $284 billion in funding under the PPP, with authority to make loans under the program being extended through March 31, 2021. On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was signed into law providing, among other things, additional funds for the PPP and an expansion of certain PPP eligibility requirements.  On March 30, 2021, the PPP Extension Act of 2021 was signed into law giving applicants two additional months (through May 31, 2021) to apply for PPP loans and giving the SBA until June 30, 2021 to process loan applications.As of March 31, 2021, CTBI has closed 1,857 loans totaling $99.1 million in new PPP loans stemming from the second phase of lending authorized by the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations

Overview

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand Community Trust Bancorp, Inc. (“CTBI”), our operations, and our present business environment.  The MD&A is provided as a supplement to – to—and should be read in conjunction with – with—our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto contained in Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report.report, as well as our consolidated financial statements, the accompanying notes thereto, and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December, 31, 2021.  The MD&A includes the following sections:

❖
Our Business

❖Results of Operations
Financial Goals and Financial ConditionPerformance

❖Dividends
Results of Operations and Financial Condition

❖
Liquidity and Market Risk

❖
Interest Rate Risk

❖
Capital Resources

❖
Impact of Inflation, Changing Prices, and Economic Conditions

❖
Stock Repurchase Program

❖
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our Business

Community Trust Bancorp, Inc. (“CTBI”)CTBI is a bank holding company headquartered in Pikeville, Kentucky.  Currently, we own one commercial bank, Community Trust Bank, Inc. (“CTB”) and one trust company, Community Trust and Investment Company, Inc.Company.  Through our subsidiaries, we have seventy-nine banking locations in eastern, northeastern, central, and south central Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and northeastern Tennessee, four trust offices across Kentucky, and one trust office in northeastern Tennessee.  At March 31, 2021,2022, we had total consolidated assets of $5.4 billion and total consolidated deposits, including repurchase agreements, of $4.6$4.7 billion.  Total shareholders’ equity at March 31, 20212022 was $662.1$653.4 million.  Trust assets under management which are excluded from CTBI’s total consolidated assets, at March 31, 2021,2022 were $3.0 billion.  Trust assets under management include$3.6 billion, including CTB’s investment portfolio totaling $1.1$1.5 billion.

Through itsour subsidiaries, CTBI engages in a wide range of commercial and personal banking and trust and wealth management activities, which include accepting time and demand deposits; making secured and unsecured loans to corporations, individuals, and others; providing cash management services to corporate and individual customers; issuing letters of credit; renting safe deposit boxes; and providing funds transfer services.  The lending activities of CTB include making commercial, construction, mortgage, and personal loans.  Lease-financing, lines of credit, revolving lines of credit, term loans, and other specialized loans, including asset-based financing, are also available.  Our corporate subsidiaries act as trustees of personal trusts, as executors of estates, as trustees for employee benefit trusts, as paying agents for bond and stock issues, as investment agent, as depositories for securities, and as providers of full service brokerage, and insurance services.  For further information, see Item 1 of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

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42
Results of Operations and Financial Condition

We reported record earnings for the first quarter 20212022 of $23.6$19.7 million, or $1.33$1.11 per basic share, compared to $15.8$19.2 million, or $0.89$1.08 per basic share, earned during the fourth quarter 20202021 and $6.6$23.6 million, or $0.37$1.33 per basic share, earned during the first quarter 2020.2021.  Noninterest income remained relatively flat to prior quarter, but decreased from prior year same quarter; however, our total revenue declined from both periods, primarily as a result of a decline in interest income on U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans.  Provision for loan losses for the quarter was $0.9 million, compared to provision of $0.5 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2021 and a recovery of provision of $2.5 million for the first quarter 2021.

Quarterly Highlights

❖
Net interest income for the quarter of $40.2$40.0 million was $1.6$0.8 million, or 4.2%1.9%, abovebelow prior quarter and $4.0$0.2 million, or 11.0%0.5%, abovebelow first quarter 2020.2021.

❖
We recognizedProvision for loan losses for the quarter was $0.9 million, compared to provision of $0.5 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2021 and a recapturerecovery of our allowance for credit losses with a credit to our provision for credit losses of $2.5 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2021, as a result of improvement in our net charge-off experience affecting our vintage loss analysis in several segments, the most significant of those being the indirect lending and residential lending segments.  Provision for credit losses for the priorfirst quarter and prior year same quarter was $1.0 million and $12.7 million, respectively.2021.

❖
Our loan portfolio decreased $15.4increased $106.7 million, an annualized 1.8%12.7%, during the quarter but increased $251.3decreased $23.3 million, or 7.6%0.7%, from March 31, 2020.2021.  Loans, excluding PPP loans, increased $131.6 million during the quarter.

❖CTBI experienced significant improvement in
Net loan losses, as our net loan charge-offs were $0.3 million, or 0.04% of average loans annualized, for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 compared to a net recovery of loan charge-offs for the fourth quarter 2021 decreased toof $8 thousand and net loan charge-offs of $0.2 million, or 0.02% of average loans annualized, compared to $0.9 million, or 0.10% annualized, experienced for the fourth quarter 2020 and $1.4 million, or 0.17% annualized, for the first quarter 2020.2021.

❖
Asset quality has continued to improve,remains strong from prior quarter as our nonperforming loans, excluding troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), decreased to $13.7 million at March 31, 2022 from $16.6 million at December 31, 2021 and $21.0 million at March 31, 2021.  Nonperforming assets at $16.0 million decreased $5.5$4.1 million from December 31, 20202021 and $14.3$11.3 million from March 31, 2020.  Nonperforming assets at $27.3 million decreased $7.0 million from December 31, 2020 and $27.9 million from March 31, 2020.2021.

❖
Deposits, including repurchase agreements, increased $216.1$67.5 million, an annualized 20.0%5.9%, during the quarter and $956.0$94.9 million, or 26.3%2.1%, from March 31, 2020.2021.

❖
Shareholders’ equity declined $44.8 million, or 6.4%, during the quarter due to a $58.1 million net after tax increase in unrealized losses on our securities portfolio

❖
Noninterest income for the quarter ended March 31, 20212022 of $15.6$15.0 million was a $0.3 million, or 2.1%, increase from prior quarter and a $4.1 million, or 35.2%, increase from prior year same quarter.

❖
Noninterest expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 of $28.3 million decreased $5.3 million, or 15.8%, fromremained relatively flat to prior quarter, but increased slightly by $0.1decreased $0.6 million, or 0.3%3.9%, from prior year same quarter.

COVID-19

We continue working with our customers through the COVID-19 pandemic.  At March 31, 2021, the number of customers with deferrals permitted under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) reduced to 226 for a total outstanding amount of $81.8 million.  The majority of our CARES Act deferrals have been 90 day deferrals.  Total outstanding deferrals include 73 commercial loan deferrals with a total outstanding amount of $73.8 million, 83 residential loan deferrals with a total outstanding amount of $6.5 million, and 70 consumer loan deferrals with a total outstanding amount of $1.5 million.  Included in the commercial loan deferrals are 20 four time deferrals totaling $40.5 million and 2 five time deferrals totaling $10.6 million.  In most cases, these loans have been downgraded; however, they remain within the pass category, as little to no loss is anticipated.  One of the loans was already graded substandard prior to the deferrals being granted.  These loan deferrals and modifications have been executed consistent with the guidelines of the CARES Act.  Pursuant to the CARES Act, these loan deferrals are not included in our nonperforming loans disclosed below.
❖
Noninterest expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 of $29.4 million decreased $1.8 million, or 5.7%, from prior quarter, but increased $1.0 million, or 3.7%, from prior year same quarter.

44
43
At March 31, 2021, we had closed 2,962 Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans totaling $277.0 million, stemming from the CARES Act passed by Congress as a stimulus response to the potential economic impacts of COVID-19.  The initial phase of the PPP program expired on August 8, 2020, and the loan forgiveness process began shortly thereafter.  Through March 31, 2021, we have had 1,563 of our PPP loans forgiven by the SBA in a total amount of $117.2 million, including $98.1 million during the first quarter 2021.  An additional stimulus package, included as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021, was signed into law in late December 2020 providing for an additional $284 billion in funding under the PPP, with authority to make loans under the program being extended through March 31, 2021.  On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was signed into law providing, among other things, additional funds for the PPP and an expansion of certain PPP eligibility requirements.  On March 30, 2021, the PPP Extension Act of 2021 was signed into law giving applicants two additional months (through May 31, 2021) to apply for PPP loans and giving the SBA until June 30, 2021 to process loan applications.  As of March 31, 2021, CTBI has closed 1,857 loans totaling $99.1 million in new PPP loans stemming from the second phase of lending authorized by the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021.  CTBI intends to continue its participation in the PPP.

Income Statement Review

(dollars in thousands)       Change 2021 vs. 2020        Change 2022 vs. 2021 
Three Months Ended March 31 2021  2020  Amount  Percent 
Quarter Ended March 31 2022  2021  Amount  Percent 
Net interest income $40,242  $36,244  $3,998   11.0% 
$
40,032
  
$
40,242
  
$
(210
)
 
(0.5
)%
Provision for credit losses  (2,499)  12,707   (15,206)  (119.7)% 
875
  
(2,499
)
 
3,374
  
(139.0
)%
Noninterest income  15,577   11,521   4,056   35.2  
14,965
  
15,577
  
(612
)
 
(3.9
)%
Noninterest expense  28,310   28,221   89   0.3  
29,359
  
28,310
  
1,049
  
3.7
%
Income taxes  6,390   258   6,132   2,376.7  
5,035
  
6,390
  
(1,355
)
 
(21.2
)%
Net income $23,618  $6,579  $17,039   259.0% 
$
19,728
  
$
23,618
  
$
(3,890
)
 
(16.5
)%
                            
Average earning assets $4,957,636  $4,093,833  $863,803   21.1% 
$
5,134,150
  
$
4,957,636
  
$
176,514
  
3.6
%
                            
Yield on average earning assets, tax equivalent*  3.63%  4.41%  (0.78)%  (17.7)%
Yield on average earnings assets, tax equivalent* 
3.46
%
 
3.63
%
 
(0.17
)%
 
(4.9
)%
Cost of interest bearing funds  0.48%  1.19%  (0.71)%  (59.7)% 
0.42
%
 
0.48
%
 
(0.06
)%
 
(12.3
)%
            
Net interest margin, tax equivalent*  3.31%  3.58%  (0.27)%  (7.5)% 
3.18
%
 
3.31
%
 
(0.13
)%
 
(3.9
)%

*Yield on average earning assets and net interest margin wereare computed on a taxtaxable equivalent basis using a 21%24.95% tax rate.

44
Net Interest Income

           
Percent Change
1Q 2022 Compared to:
 
(dollars in thousands)
Quarterly Periods
  
Q1
2022
   
Q4
2021
   
Q1
2021
   
Q4
2021
   
Q1
2021
 
Components of net interest income                    
Income on earning assets, tax equivalent:                    
Financial assets $5,595  $5,430  $3,883   3.0%  44.1%
Loans and leases:                    
Commercial  20,698   21,613   22,634   (4.2)%  (8.6)%
Residential  8,175   8,073   8,287   1.3%  (1.4)%
Consumer  9,294   9,465   9,624   (1.8)%  (3.4)%
Total loans and leases  38,167   39,151   40,545   (2.5)%  (5.9)%
Interest income, tax equivalent  43,762   44,581   44,428   (1.8)%  (1.5)%
                     
Expense on interest bearing liabilities:                    
Deposits, including repurchase agreements  3,208   3,276   3,691   (2.1)%  (13.1)%
Other financial liabilities  287   265   278   8.3%  3.1%
Interest expense  3,495   3,541   3,969   (1.3)%  (11.9)%
                     
Net interest income, tax equivalent $40,267  $41,040  $40,459   (1.9)%  (0.5)%
                     
Average yield and rates paid                    
Earnings assets yield  3.46%  3.45%  3.63%  0.3%  (4.9)%
Rate paid on interest bearing liabilities  0.42%  0.42%  0.48%  0.5%  (12.3)%
Gross interest margin  3.04%  3.03%  3.15%  0.3%  (3.7)%
Net interest margin  3.18%  3.17%  3.31%  0.3%  (3.9)%
                     
Average balances                    
Investment securities $1,486,799  $1,498,781  $1,063,773   (0.8)%  39.8%
Loans $3,440,439  $3,381,206  $3,548,358   1.8%  (3.0)%
Earning assets $5,134,150  $5,133,843  $4,957,636   0.0%  3.6%
Interest-bearing liabilities $3,350,208  $3,337,053  $3,335,206   0.4%  0.4%

Net interest income for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 of $40.2$40.0 million was an increase of $1.6$0.8 million, or 4.2%1.9%, from fourthbelow prior quarter 2020 and $4.0$0.2 million, or 11.0%0.5%, frombelow first quarter 2020.2021.  Our net interest income excluding PPP loans for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 was $38.6 million compared to $38.3 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2021 and $36.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.  Our net interest margin, on a fully tax equivalent basis, at 3.31%3.18% increased 111 basis pointspoint from prior quarter but decreased 2713 basis points from prior year same quarter, whileas our average earning assets increased $136.4$0.3 million from prior quarter and $863.8$176.5 million respectively, during thosefrom prior year same periods.quarter.  Our yield on average earning assets increased 51 basis pointspoint from prior quarter but decreased 7817 basis points from prior year same quarter, and our cost of funds decreased 7 basis pointsremained unchanged from prior quarter and 71but decreased 6 basis points from prior year same quarter.  As discussed more fully below, the impact of the PPP loans to the net interest margin for the first quarter 2022 was 11 basis points.

The PPP loan portfolio had an annualized yield for the quarter of 6.03%.17.03% compared to 13.61% for the fourth quarter 2021.  Interest income on the portfolio was $0.7 million,$86 thousand during the quarter, down $98 thousand from prior quarter, while the amortization of net loan origination fees from current outstanding loans and recognition of net fee income from paid and forgiven loans was $3.3 million.  These$1.4 million, down $0.9 million from prior quarter.  These fees are amortized over the life of the loan with any unamortized balance fully recognized at the time of loan forgiveness.forgiveness.  The impact of the PPP loan portfolio to the net interest margin was an increase of 11 basis points for the $3.3 million in fee income recognized was 27first quarter 2022 compared to an increase of 15 basis points.points for the fourth quarter 2021.

45
Our ratio of average loans to deposits, including repurchase agreements, was 74.2% for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 compared to 73.3% for the quarter ended December 31, 2021 and 79.9% for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 compared to 82.3% for the quarter ended December 31, 2020 and 89.9% for the quarter ended March 31, 2020..

Provision for Credit Losses

PWe recognized a recapture of allowance rovision for creditloan losses with a creditfor the quarter was $0.9 million, compared to provision of $0.5 million for credit lossesthe quarter ended December 31, 2021 and a recovery of provision of $2.5 million for the first quarter of 2021, compared to a provision for credit losses of $1.0 million for the prior quarter and $12.7 million for the first quarter of 2020.  The change in the provision for credit losses compared to the fourth quarter of 2020 was due primarily to the improvement in net charge off experience affecting our vintage loss analysis in several segments, the most significant of those being the indirect lending and residential lending segments.  The indirect lending segment experienced no net losses in the quarter, compared to the 12 quarter rolling average losses of 0.35 percent.  The residential lending segment experienced no net losses in the quarter compared to the 12 quarter rolling average of 0.07 percent.  Overall, the decrease in the allowance for credit losses attributed to historical loss factors was $2.4 million.2021.

Noninterest Income

           
Percent Change
1Q 2022 Compared to:
 
(dollars in thousands)
Quarterly Periods
 
1Q
2022
  
4Q
2021
  
1Q
2021
  
4Q
2021
  
1Q
2021
 
Deposit service charges $6,746  $7,083  $6,022   (4.8)%  12.0%
Trust revenue  3,248   3,305   2,951   (1.7)%  10.1%
Gains on sales of loans  597   1,241   2,433   (51.9)%  (75.5)%
Loan related fees  2,062   1,254   2,270   64.4%  (9.2)%
Bank owned life insurance revenue  691   1,036   573   (33.3)%  20.5%
Brokerage revenue  590   432   457   36.5%  29.3%
Other  1,031   626   871   64.8%  18.4%
Total noninterest income $14,965  $14,977  $15,577   (0.1)%  (3.9)%

Noninterest income for the quarter ended March 31, 20212022 of $15.6$15.0 million was relatively flat to prior quarter, but a $0.3decrease of $0.6 million, or 2.1%3.9%, increase from prior quarter and a $4.1 million, or 35.2%, increase from prior year same quarter.  The increase in noninterest incomeDecreases from prior quarter was primarily the result of increases in loan related fees ($0.5 million), net gains on other real estate owned ($0.5 million), and trust revenue ($0.2 million), partially offset by a decline in securities gainssales of loans ($0.6 million) and deposit related fees ($0.3 million) were offset by increases in loan related fees ($0.8 million) and securities gains ($0.3 million).  The increasedecrease from prior year same quarter resulted from increasesincluded decreases in gains on sales of loans ($1.8 million) and loan related fees ($2.2 million) and net gains on loans ($2.00.2 million), partially offset by a declineincreases in deposit related fees ($0.7 million), trust revenue ($0.3 million), and securities gains ($0.40.2 million).  The increaseGains on sales of loans were impacted by the slowdown in loanthe industry-wide mortgage refinancing boom.  Deposit related fees waswere primarily impacted by debit card income.  Loan related fees were primarily impacted by the result of a $1.0 million positive adjustment tochange in the fair market value of our mortgage servicing rights.MSRs.

Noninterest Expense

           
Percent Change
1Q 2022 Compared to:
 
(dollars in thousands)
Quarterly Periods
 
1Q
2022
  
4Q
2021
  
1Q
2021
  
4Q
2021
  
1Q
2021
 
Salaries $11,739  $11,982  $11,412   (2.0)%  2.9%
Employee benefits  5,799   7,486   5,421   (22.5)%  7.0%
Net occupancy and equipment  2,854   2,625   2,828   8.7%  0.9%
Data processing  2,201   2,099   2,159   4.8%  1.9%
Legal and professional fees  867   868   893   (0.1)%  (2.8)%
Advertising and marketing  752   676   722   11.2%  4.1%
Taxes other than property and payroll  426   542   370   (21.3)%  15.2%
Net other real estate owned expense  353   299   318   17.8%  11.0%
Other  4,368   4,572   4,187   (4.4)%  4.3%
Total noninterest expense $29,359  $31,149  $28,310   (5.7)%  3.7%

N46oninterest
Noninterest expense for the quarter ended March 31, 20212022 of $28.3$29.4 million decreased $5.3$1.8 million, or 15.8%5.7%, from prior quarter, but increased slightly by $0.1$1.0 million, or 0.3%3.7%, from prior year same quarter.  The decrease in noninterest expense quarter over quarter included decreaseswas the result of a decrease in personnel expense ($3.31.9 million), taxes other than propertywhich was primarily due to a lower accrual for bonuses and payroll ($1.5 million), and net other real estate owned expense ($0.4 million).incentives.  The decrease in personnel expenseincrease from prior year same quarter was primarily the result of a $2.4 million charge in the fourth quarter 2020 to post retirement benefits related to our bank owned life insurance and a $1.3 millionan increase in our accruals during the fourth quarter 2020 for special payments to employees.  Noninterestpersonnel expense year over year was impacted by increases($0.7 million) and loan related expenses ($0.2 million).  This increase in personnel expense ($1.8 million primarily as a result of resumed normal accruals for our incentive program)included increases in salaries, group medical and data processinglife insurance expense, ($0.2 million), offset by decreases in taxesand other than property and payroll ($1.5 million) and net other real estate owned expense ($0.6 million).  In March 2019, Kentucky enacted legislation requiring financial institutions to transition from a bank franchise tax to the Kentucky corporate income tax beginning in 2021.  As a result, we have experienced a decline in taxes other than property and payroll and a corresponding increase in income taxes.employee benefits.

Balance Sheet Review

CTBI’s total assets at March 31, 2022 of $5.4 billion increased $221.0$24.9 million, or 17.4%1.9% annualized, from December 31, 20202021 and $1.0 billion,$83.0 million, or 23.1%1.5%, from March 31, 2020.2021.  Loans outstanding at March 31, 20212022 were $3.5 billion, a decreasean increase of $15.4$106.7 million, an annualized 1.8%12.7%, from December 31, 20202021 but an increasea decrease of $251.3$23.3 million, or 7.6%0.7%, from March 31, 2020.2021.  Loans, excluding PPP loans, declined $17.5increased $131.6 million during the quarter, as we experienced the payoff ofwith a $30$71.3 million credit and continuing soft loan demand.  We experienced an increase in the commercial loan portfolio, during the quarter of $7.0a $46.5 million (including $2.1 million in PPP loans), offset by decreases of $16.7 million in the residential loan portfolio as customers continued to refinance into the secondary market with low fixed rate mortgages, $2.9 million in the direct consumer loan portfolio, and $2.8 millionincrease in the indirect consumer loan portfolio, and a $13.8 million increase in the residential loan portfolio.  The PPP loan portfolio declined $24.9 million during the quarter as a result of SBA forgiveness.  CTBI’s investment portfolio increased $157.7$47.8 million, or an annualized 64.0%13.3%, from December 31, 20202021 and $522.2$348.1 million, or 82.2%30.1%, from March 31, 2020 as we continued to deploy our increased liquidity in investments due to continued soft loan demand.2021.  Deposits in other banks increased $72.5decreased $159.1 million from prior quarter and $231.5$250.3 million from prior year same quarter.  Deposits in other banks were used during the quarter to fund loan growth and additional investments in available-for-sale securities.Deposits, including repurchase agreements, at $4.6$4.7 billion increased $216.1$67.5 million, or an annualized 20.0%5.9%, from December 31, 20202021 and $956.0$94.9 million, or 26.3%2.1%, from March 31, 2020.2021.

46
Shareholders’ equity at March 31, 20212022 was $662.1$653.4 million, a $7.2$44.8 million, increaseor 6.4%, decrease from the $654.9$698.2 million at December 31, 2020,2021 and a $49.1an $8.7 million, increaseor 1.3%, decrease from the $612.9$662.1 million at March 31, 2020.  Our tangible common equity/tangible assets ratio at2021.  The decline in shareholders’ equity is due to a $58.1 million net after tax increase during the quarter in unrealized losses on our securities portfolio.  CTBI’s annualized dividend yield to shareholders as of March 31, 20212022 was 11.27%3.88%.

47
Loans

(in thousands) March 31, 2021 
(dollars in thousands) March 31, 2022 
Loan Category Balance  
Variance
from Prior
Year-End
  
YTD
Net Charge-
Offs
  Nonperforming  ACL  Balance  
Variance
from Prior
Year
  Net (Charge-Offs)/ Recoveries  Nonperforming  ACL 
Commercial:                              
Hotel/motel $258,974   (0.7)% $0  $0  $6,664  
$
274,256
  
6.7
%
 
$
(216
)
 
$
0
  
$
4,711
 
Commercial real estate residential  305,079   6.0   (22)  2,048   4,641  
337,447
  
0.7
  
(26
)
 
418
  
4,070
 
Commercial real estate nonresidential  732,978   (1.4)  (138)  8,129   10,813  
774,791
  
2.2
  
111
  
4,275
  
9,169
 
Dealer floorplans  63,545   (8.0)  0   0   1,318  
72,766
  
4.8
  
0
  
0
  
1,519
 
Commercial other  285,176   1.9   13   1,078   4,571  
322,109
  
10.9
  
(56
)
 
321
  
4,844
 
Commercial unsecured SBA PPP  254,732   0.8   0   0   0  
22,482
  
(52.5
)
 
0
  
8
  
0
 
Total commercial  1,900,484   0.4   (147)  11,255   28,007  
1,803,851
  
2.6
  
(187
)
 
5,022
  
24,313
 
                                   
Residential:                                   
Real estate mortgage  770,026   (1.9)  1   8,303   7,143  
780,453
  
1.7
  
(72
)
 
7,494
  
7,662
 
Home equity  101,595   (2.1)  (1)  1,176   750   
107,230
   
0.5
   
(14
)
  
972
   
819
 
Total residential  871,621   (1.9)  0   9,479   7,893  
887,683
  
1.6
  
(86
)
 
8,466
  
8,481
 
                                   
Consumer:                                   
Consumer direct  149,394   (1.9)  (38)  31   1,811  
156,620
  
(0.0
)
 
16
  
23
  
1,787
 
Consumer indirect  617,305   (0.4)  8   274   7,635  
667,387
  
7.5
  
(65
)
 
179
  
7,728
 
Total consumer  766,699   (0.7)  (30)  305   9,446   
824,007
   
6.0
   
(49
)
  
202
   
9,515
 
                                   
Total loans $3,538,804   (0.4)% $(177) $21,039  $45,346  
$
3,515,541
  
3.1
%
 
$
(322
)
 
$
13,690
  
$
42,309
 

Total Deposits and Repurchase Agreements

           
Percent Change
1Q 2022 Compared to:
 
(dollars in thousands) 
1Q
2022
  
4Q
2021
  
1Q
2021
  
4Q
2021
  
1Q
2021
 
Non-interest bearing deposits $1,398,529  $1,331,103  $1,283,309   5.1%  9.0%
Interest bearing deposits                    
Interest checking  89,863   97,064   91,803   (7.4)%  (2.1)%
Money market savings  1,200,408   1,206,401   1,240,530   (0.5)%  (3.2)%
Savings accounts  666,874   632,645   574,181   5.4%  16.1%
Time deposits  1,072,630   1,077,079   1,043,949   (0.4)%  2.7%
Repurchase agreements  254,623   271,088   354,235   (6.1)%  (28.1)%
Total interest bearing deposits and repurchase agreements  3,284,398   3,284,277   3,304,698   0.0%  (0.6)%
Total deposits and repurchase agreements $4,682,927  $4,615,380  $4,588,007   1.5%  2.1%

48
Asset Quality

CTBI’s total nonperforming loans, not including performing troubled debt restructurings, were $21.0excluding TDRs, decreased to $13.7 million or 0.59% of total loans, at March 31, 2021 compared to $26.62022 from $16.6 million or 0.75% of total loans, at December 31, 20202021 and $35.4$21.0 million or 1.08% of total loans, at March 31, 2020.2021.  Accruing loans 90+ days past due at $4.9 million decreased $8.3$1.1 million from prior quarter and $9.2$4.0 million from March 31, 2020.2021.  Nonaccrual loans increased $2.8at $8.8 million decreased $1.8 million during the quarter but decreased $5.1and $3.4 million from March 31, 2020.2021.  Accruing loans 30-89 days past due at $13.2$10.8 million increased $0.7 millionremained relatively stable from prior quarter but decreased $10.9$2.4 million from March 31, 2020.2021.  Our loan portfolio management processes focus on the immediate identification, management, and resolution of problem loans to maximize recovery and minimize loss.  Our loan portfolio risk management processes include weekly delinquent loan review meetings at the market levels and monthly delinquent loan review meetings involving senior corporate management to review all nonaccrual loans and loans 30 days or more past due.  Any activity regarding a criticized/classified loan (i.e. problem loan) must be approved by CTB’s Watch List Asset Committee (i.e. Problem Loan Committee).  CTB’s Watch List Asset Committee also meets on a quarterly basis and reviews every criticized/classified loan of $100,000 or greater.  CTB’s Loan Portfolio Risk Management Committee also meets quarterly focusing on the overall asset quality and risk metrics of the loan portfolio.  We also have a Loan Review Department that reviews every market within CTB annually and performs extensive testing of the loan portfolio to assure the accuracy of loan grades and classifications for delinquency, troubled debt restructuring,TDR, nonaccrual status, and adequate loan loss reserves.  The Loan Review Department has annually reviewed, on average, 96% of the outstanding commercial loan portfolio for the past three years.  The average annual review percentage of the consumer and residential loan portfolio for the past three years was 86% based on the loan production during the number of months included in the review scope.  The review scope is generally four to six months of production.  CTBI generally does not offer high risk loans such as option ARM products, high loan to value ratio mortgages, interest-only loans, loans with initial teaser rates, or loans with negative amortizations, and therefore, CTBI would have no significant exposure to these products.

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For further information regarding nonperforming loans, see Notenote 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.statements contained herein.

Our reserve coverage (allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans) at March 31, 20212022 was 215.5%309.1% compared to 180.7%251.2% at December 31, 20202021 and 139.8%215.5% at March 31, 2020.2021.  Our credit loss reserve as a percentage of total loans outstanding at March 31, 20212022 was 1.28% (1.38%1.20% (1.21% excluding PPP loans) compared to 1.35%1.22% at December 31, 2020 (1.46%2021 (1.24% excluding PPP loans) and 1.50%1.28% at March 31, 2020.  The2021 (1.38% excluding PPP program began in April 2020.loans).

Our level of foreclosed properties at $2.3 million at March 31, 2022 was a $1.2 million decrease from the $3.5 million at December 31, 2021 and a $3.9 million decrease from the $6.2 million at March 31, 2021 was a $1.5 million decrease from the $7.7 million at December 31, 2020 and a $13.6 million decrease from the $19.8 million at March 31, 2020.2021.  Sales of foreclosed properties for the quarter ended March 31, 20212022 totaled $1.1 million.  No significantmillion while new foreclosed properties were booked during the first quarter 2021.totaled $0.1 million.  At March 31, 2021,2022, the book value of properties under contracts to sell was $0.9$0.3 million; however, the closings had not occurred at quarter-end.

When foreclosed properties are acquired, appraisals are obtained and the properties are booked at the current market value less expected sales costs.  Additionally, periodic updated appraisals are obtained on unsold foreclosed properties.  When an updated appraisal reflects a fair market value below the current book value, a charge is booked to current earnings to reduce the property to its new market value less expected sales costs.  Charges to earnings in the first quarter 20212022 to reflect the decrease in current market values of foreclosed properties totaled $0.2 million.  There were 7 properties reappraisedmillion, compared to $0.2 million during the first quarter 2021.  Of these, 4 properties were written down by a totaleach of $0.1 million.  Charges to earnings during the quarters ended December 31, 20202021 and March 31, 2020 were $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively.2021.  Our policy for determining the frequency of periodic reviews is based upon consideration of the specific properties and the known or perceived market fluctuations in a particular market and is typically between 12 and 18 months but generally not more than 24 months.  Approximately 87%97% of our OREOother real estate owned (“OREO”) properties and approximately 84%94% of the book value of our OREO properties have appraisals dated within the past 18 months.

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The appraisal aging analysis of foreclosed properties, as well as the holding period, at March 31, 20212022 is shown below:

(in thousands)  
(dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)   
Appraisal Aging AnalysisAppraisal Aging Analysis Holding Period AnalysisAppraisal Aging Analysis Holding Period Analysis 
Days Since Last
Appraisal
Number of
Properties
Current Book
Value
 Holding Period
Current Book
Value
 Number of Properties  Current Book Value Holding Period Current Book Value 
Up to 3 months5$457 Less than one year$1,959 
20
  
$
1,379
 Less than one year 
$
499
 
3 to 6 months191,952 1 year985 
4
  
140
 1 year 
513
 
6 to 9 months51,431 2 years257 
5
  
137
 2 years 
231
 
9 to 12 months287 3 years798 
2
  
35
 3 years 
113
 
12 to 18 months231,281 4 years212 
3
  
478
 4 years 
85
 
18 to 24 months4733 5 years348 
1
  
130
 5 years 
0
 
Over 24 months4283 6 years839
Total62$6,224 7 years50  
35
  
$
2,299
 6 years 
234
 
   8 years748      7 years 
597
 
   9 years28      8 years 
0
 
   Total$6,224      9 years 
27
 
      Total 
$
2,299
 

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          Regulatory approval is required and has been obtained to hold foreclosed properties beyond the initial period of 5five years.  Additionally, CTBI is required to dispose of any foreclosed property that has not been sold within 10ten years.  As of March 31, 2021,2022, one foreclosed property with a total book value of $28$27 thousand had been held by us for at least nine years.

Net loan charge-offs were $0.3 million, or 0.04% of average loans annualized, for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 compared to a net recovery of loan charge-offs for the fourth quarter 2021 wereof $8 thousand and net loan charge-offs of $0.2 million, or 0.02% of average loans annualized, compared to $0.9 million, or 0.10%, experienced for the fourth quarter 2020 and $1.4 million, or 0.17%, for the first quarter 2020.  Loan charge-offs for the quarter were primarily in the commercial loan portfolio.2021.

Dividends

The following schedule shows the quarterly cash dividends paid for the past six quarters:

Pay DateRecord Date Amount Per Share 
April 1, 2021March 15, 2021 $0.385 
January 1, 2021December 15, 2020 $0.385 
October 1, 2020September 15, 2020 $0.385 
July 1, 2020June 15, 2020 $0.380 
April 1, 2020March 15, 2020 $0.380 
January 1, 2020December 15, 2019 $0.380 
Pay DateRecord Date Amount Per Share 
April 1, 2022March 15, 2022 
$
0.400
 
January 1, 2022December 15, 2021 
$
0.400
 
October 1, 2021September 15, 2021 
$
0.400
 
July 1, 2021June 15, 2021 
$
0.385
 
April 1, 2021March 15, 2021 
$
0.385
 
January 1, 2021December 15, 2020 
$
0.385
 

Liquidity and Market Risk

The objective of CTBI’s Asset/Liability management function is to maintain consistent growth in net interest income within our policy limits. This objective is accomplished through management of our consolidated balance sheet composition, liquidity, and interest rate risk exposures arising from changing economic conditions, interest rates, and customer preferences. The goal of liquidity management is to provide adequate funds to meet changes in loan and lease demand or deposit withdrawals. This is accomplished by maintaining liquid assets in the form of cash and cash equivalents and investment securities, sufficient unused borrowing capacity, and growth in core deposits.  As of March 31, 2021,2022, we had approximately $423.1$164.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and approximately $1.2$1.5 billion in securities valued at estimated fair value designated as available-for-sale and available to meet liquidity needs on a continuing basis compared to $338.2$311.8 million and $997.3 million$1.5 billion at December 31, 2020.2021.  Additional asset-driven liquidity is provided by the remainder of the securities portfolio and the repayment of loans.  In addition to core deposit funding, we also have a variety of other short-term and long-term funding sources available.  We also rely on Federal Home Loan Bank advances for both liquidity and management of our asset/liability position.  Federal Home Loan Bank advances were $0.4 million at each of March 31, 20212022 and at December 31, 2020.2021.  As of March 31, 2021,2022, we had a $509.9$490.5 million available borrowing position with the Federal Home Loan Bank, compared to $477.2$484.4 million at December 31, 2020.2021.  We generally rely upon net inflows of cash from financing activities, supplemented by net inflows of cash from operating activities, to provide cash for our investing activities.  As is typical of many financial institutions, significant financing activities include deposit gathering, use of short-term borrowing facilities such as repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased, and issuance of long-term debt.  At each of March 31, 20212022 and at December 31, 2020,2021, we had $75 million in lines of credit with various correspondent banks available to meet any future cash needs.  Our primary investing activities include purchases of securities and loan originations.  We do not rely on any one source of liquidity and manage availability in response to changing consolidated balance sheet needs.  Included in our cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 20212022 were deposits with the Federal Reserve of $353.0$103.3 million, compared to $280.7$262.4 million at December 31, 2020.2021.  Additionally, we project cash flows from our investment portfolio to generate additional liquidity over the next 90 days.

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The investment portfolio consists of investment grade short-term issues suitable for bank investments.  The majority of the investment portfolio is in U.S. government and government sponsored agency issuances.  At March 31, 2021,2022, available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities comprised allof the total investment portfolio, and the AFS portfolio was approximately 174%230% of equity capital.  Seventy-sevenFifty-nine percent of the pledge eligiblepledge-eligible portfolio was pledged.

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Interest Rate Risk

We consider interest rate risk one of our most significant market risks.  Interest rate risk is the exposure to adverse changes in net interest income due to changes in interest rates.  Consistency of our net interest revenue is largely dependent upon the effective management of interest rate risk.  We employ a variety of measurement techniques to identify and manage our interest rate risk, including the use of an earnings simulation model to analyze net interest income sensitivity to changing interest rates.  The model is based on actual cash flows and repricing characteristics for on and off-balance sheet instruments and incorporates market-based assumptions regarding the effect of changing interest rates on the prepayment rates of certain assets and liabilities.  Assumptions based on the historical behavior of deposit rates and balances in relation to changes in interest rates are also incorporated into the model.  These assumptions are inherently uncertain, and as a result, the model cannot precisely measure net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on net interest income.  Actual results will differ from simulated results due to timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and management strategies.

CTBI’s Asset/Liability Management Committee, (ALCO), which includes executive and senior management representatives and reports to the Board of Directors, monitors and manages interest rate risk within Board-approved policy limits.  Our current exposure to interest rate risks is determined by measuring the anticipated change in net interest income spread evenly over the twelve-month period.

Capital Resources

We continue to growoffer a dividend to our shareholders’ equity while alsoshareholders, providing an annualized dividend yield to shareholders which, as offor the quarter ended March 31, 2021, was 3.50%2022 of 3.88%.  Shareholders’ equity at Marchdecreased 6.4% from December 31, 2021 was $662.1 million, a $7.2 million increase from the $654.9to $653.4 million at March 31, 2020.  Cash dividends were $0.385 per share and $0.380 per share for2022, as a result of a $58.1 million net after tax increase during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.  CTBI’s annualized dividend yield to shareholders as of March 31, 2021 was 3.50%.quarter in unrealized losses on our securities portfolio.  Our primary source of capital growth is the retention of earnings.  Cash dividends were $0.400 per share and $0.385 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  We retained 71.1%64.0% of our earnings for the first three months of 2022 compared to 71.1% for the first three months of 2021.

Insured depository institutions are required to meet certain capital level requirements.  On October 29, 2019, federal banking regulators adopted a final rule to simplify the regulatory capital requirements for eligible community banks and holding companies that opt-in to the community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”) framework, (the “CBLR framework”), as required by Section 201 of the Economic Growth, Relief and Consumer Protection Act of 2018.  Under the final rule, which became effective as of January 1, 2020, community banks and holding companies (which includes CTB and CTBI) that satisfy certain qualifying criteria, including having less than $10 billion in average total consolidated assets and a leverage ratio (referred to as the “community bank leverage ratio”) of greater than 9%, were eligible to opt-in to the CBLR framework.  The community bank leverage ratio is the ratio of a banking organization’s Tier 1 capital to its average total consolidated assets, both as reported on the banking organization’s applicable regulatory filings.  Accordingly, a qualifying community banking organization that has a community bank leverage ratio greater than 9% will be considered to have met: (i) the risk-based and leverage capital requirements of the generally applicable capital rules; (ii) the capital ratio requirements in order to be considered well-capitalized under the prompt corrective action framework; and (iii) any other applicable capital or leverage requirements.

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In April 2020, as directed by Section 4012 of the CARESCoronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, the regulatory agencies introduced temporary changes to the CBLR.CBLR framework.  These changes, which subsequently were adopted as a final rule, temporarily reduced the CBLR requirement to 8% through the end of calendar year 2020.  Beginning in calendar year 2021, the CBLR requirement increased to 8.5% for the calendar year before returning to 9% in calendar year 2022.  The final rule also provides for a two-quarter grace period for qualifying community banking organizations whose leverage ratios fall no more than 100 basis points below the applicable CBLR requirement.  Management elected to use the CBLR framework for CTBI and CTB.  CTBI’s CBLR ratio as of March 31, 20212022 was 12.70%13.15%.  CTB’s CBLR ratio as of March 31, 20212022 was 12.12%12.53%.  Under either framework, CTBI and CTB would be considered well-capitalized under the applicable guidelines.

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As of March 31, 2021,2022, we are not aware of any current recommendations by banking regulatory authorities which, if they were to be implemented, would have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material adverse impact on our liquidity, capital resources, or operations.

Impact of Inflation, Changing Prices, and Economic Conditions

The majority of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature.  Therefore, CTBI differs greatly from most commercial and industrial companies that have significant investment in nonmonetary assets, such as fixed assets and inventories.  However, inflation does have an important impact on the growth of assets in the banking industry and on the resulting need to increase equity capital at higher than normal rates in order to maintain an appropriate equity to assets ratio.  Inflation also affects other expenses, which tend to rise during periods of general inflation.

We believe one of the most significant impacts on financial and operating results is our ability to react to changes in interest rates.  We seek to maintain an essentially balanced position between interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities in order to protect against the effects of wide interest rate fluctuations.

We are all finding ourselves living and operating in unprecedented times as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to causeis causing personal and financial hardship to our customers, employees, and communities.  During these challenging times, we have instituted programs to support our customers with loan modifications, forbearance, and fee waivers and participated in programs created by the government stimulus programs like the Paycheck Protection Program, focused on helping small businesses keep their employees and meet their expenses as they arewere unable to operate due to mandated closures.  We instituted programs supporting our employees focused on healthcare, childcare, and remote and split schedule work, as well as work space changes that allow for proper social distancing to keep our employees safe as we continue to operate as a critical part of the economy.  We continue to support our communities through donations to non-profit organizations as they strive to continue their commitments of serving those in need.  We also continue to manage our company for the long term and our strong capital position and culture of building communities built on trust will facilitate our ability to manage through these challenging times.  We will continue to serve our constituents while we all meet the challenges of living with COVID-19.

Stock Repurchase Program

CTBI’s stock repurchase program began in December 1998 with the authorization to acquire up to 500,000 shares and was increased by an additional 1,000,000 shares in each of July 2000, May 2003, and March 2020.  CTBI repurchased 32,664 shares of its common stock during the first quarter 2020, leaving 1,034,706 shares remaining under our current repurchase authorization.  As of March 31, 2021,2022, a total of 2,465,294 shares have been repurchased through this program.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the appropriate application of certain accounting policies, many of which require us to make estimates and assumptions about future events and their impact on amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and related notes.  Since future events and their impact cannot be determined with certainty, the actual results will inevitably differ from our estimates.  Such differences could be material to theour consolidated financial statements.

We believe the application of accounting policies and the estimates required therein are reasonable.  These accounting policies and estimates are constantly reevaluated, and adjustments are made when facts and circumstances dictate a change.  Historically, we have found our application of accounting policies to be appropriate, and actual results have not differed materially from those determined using necessary estimates.

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We have identified the following critical accounting policies:

Investments –Management determines the classification of securities at purchase.  We classify debt securities into held-to-maturity, trading, or available-for-sale categories.  Held-to-maturity securities are those which we have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and are reported at amortized cost.  In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 320, Investments – Debt Securities, investments in debt securities that are not classified as held-to-maturity shall be classified in one of the following categories and measured at fair value in the statement of financial position:

a. Trading securities. Securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term (thus held for only a short period of time) shall be classified as trading securities. Trading generally reflects active and frequent buying and selling, and trading securities are generally used with the objective of generating profits on short-term differences in price.
b. Available-for-sale securities. Investments not classified as trading securities (nor as held-to-maturity securities) shall be classified as available-for-sale securities.

We do not have any securities that are classified as trading securities.  Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of tax.  If declines in fair value are other than temporary, the carrying value of the securities is written down to fair value as a realized loss with a charge to income for the portion attributable to credit losses and a charge to other comprehensive income for the portion that is not credit related.

Gains or losses on disposition of debt securities are computed by specific identification for those securities.  Interest and dividend income, adjusted by amortization of purchase premium or discount, is included in earnings.

An allowance is recognized for credit losses relative to available-for-sale securities rather than as a reduction in the cost basis of the security.  Subsequent improvements in credit quality or reductions in estimated credit losses are recognized immediately as a reversal of the previously recorded allowance, which aligns the income statement recognition of credit losses with the reporting period in which changes occur.

Held-to-maturity (“HTM”) securities are subject to an allowance for lifetime expected credit losses, determined by adjusting historical loss information for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.  The forward-looking evaluation of lifetime expected losses will be performed on a pooled basis for debt securities that share similar risk characteristics.  These allowances for expected losses must be made by the holder of the HTM debt security when the security is purchased.  At March 31, 2021, CTBI held no securities designated as held-to-maturity.

CTBI accounts for equity securities in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 321, Investments – Equity Securities.  ASC 321 requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method and those that result in the consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair values recognized in net income.

Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value are required to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized through net income.  Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value are carried at cost, less any impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes for identical or similar investments.  As permitted by ASC 321-10-35-2, CTBI can make an irrevocable election to subsequently measure an equity security without a readily determinable fair value, and all identical or similar investments of the same issuer, including future purchases of identical or similar investments of the same issuer, at fair value.  CTBI has made this election for its Visa Class B equity securities.  The fair value of these securities was determined by a third party service provider using Level 3 inputs as defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, and changes in fair value are recognized in income.

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Loans –Loans with the ability and the intent to be held until maturity and/or payoff are reported at the carrying value of unpaid principal reduced by unearned interest, an allowance for credit losses, and unamortized deferred fees or costs and premiums.  Income is recorded on the level yield basis.  Interest accrual is discontinued when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions, collateral value, and collection efforts, that the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of interest is doubtful.  Any loan greater than 90 days past due must be well secured and in the process of collection to continue accruing interest.  Cash payments received on nonaccrual loans generally are applied against principal, and interest income is only recorded once principal recovery is reasonably assured.  Loans are not reclassified as accruing until principal and interest payments remain current for a period of time, generally six months, and future payments appear reasonably certain.  A restructuring of a debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuring if the creditor for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider.

The provisions of the CARES Act included an election for banking institutions to not apply the guidance on accounting for troubled debt restructurings to loan modifications, such as extensions or deferrals, related to COVID-19 made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (i) December 31, 2020 or (ii) 60 days after the end of the COVID-19 national emergency.  The relief can only be applied to modifications for borrowers that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019.  The ability to exclude COVID-19-related modifications as troubled debt restructurings was extended under the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021 to the earlier of (i) 60 days after the COVID-19 national emergency and (ii) January 1, 2022.  CTBI elected to adopt these provisions of the CARES Act, as extended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021.

Loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and the net amount amortized over the estimated life of the related loans, leases, or commitments as a yield adjustment.

Allowance for Credit Losses – CTBI accounts for the allowance for credit losses under ASC 326,(“ACL”) and the reserve for unfunded commitments in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and its related subsequent amendments, commonly known as CECL.

We disaggregate our portfolio loans into portfolio segments for purposes of determining the ACL.  Our loan portfolio segments include commercial, residential mortgage, and consumer.  We further disaggregate our portfolio segments into classes for purposes of monitoring and assessing credit quality based on certain risk characteristics.  For an analysis of CTBI’s ACL by portfolio segment and credit quality information by class, refer to Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein.

CTBI measuresmaintains the ACL to absorb the amount of credit losses that are expected to be incurred over the remaining contractual terms of the related loans.  Contractual terms are adjusted for expected prepayments but are not extended for expected extensions, renewals or modifications except in circumstances where CTBI reasonably expects to execute a TDR with the borrower or where certain extension or renewal options are embedded in the original contract and not unconditionally cancellable by CTBI.  Accrued interest receivable on loans is presented in our consolidated financial statements as a component of other assets.  When accrued interest is deemed to be uncollectible (typically when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status), interest income is reversed.  In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, CTBI has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner.  Therefore, CTBI elected ASU 2019-04 which allows that accrued interest would continue to be presented separately and not part of the amortized cost of the loan.  For additional information on CTBI’s accounting policies related to nonaccrual loans, refer to Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein.

Credit losses are charged and recoveries are credited to the ACL.  The ACL is maintained at a level CTBI considers to be adequate and is based on ongoing quarterly assessments and evaluations of the collectability of loans, including historical credit loss experience, current and forecasted market and economic conditions, and consideration of various qualitative factors that, in management’s judgment, deserve consideration in estimating expected credit losses.  Provisions for credit losses are recorded for the amounts necessary to adjust the ACL to CTBI’s current estimate of expected credit losses on portfolio loans.  CTBI’s strategy for credit risk management includes a combination of financial assetsconservative exposure limits significantly below legal lending limits and conservative underwriting, documentation, and collection standards.  The strategy also emphasizes diversification on a geographic, industry, and customer level, regular credit examinations, and quarterly management reviews of large credit exposures and loans experiencing deterioration of credit quality.

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CTBI’s methodology for determining the ACL requires significant management judgment and includes an estimate of expected credit losses on a collective (pool) basis using loss-rate methodsfor groups of loans with similar risk characteristics and specific allowances for loans which are individually evaluated.

Larger commercial loans with balances exceeding $1 million that exhibit probable or observed credit weaknesses are individually evaluated for an ACL if such loans, (i) have a criticized risk rating, (ii) are on nonaccrual status, (iii) are classified as TDRs, or (iv) are 90 days or more past due.  CTBI considers the current value of collateral, credit quality of any guarantees, the guarantor’s liquidity and willingness to cooperate, the loan structure and other factors when determining the amount of the ACL.  Other factors may include the borrower’s susceptibility to risks presented by the forecasted macroeconomic environment, the industry and geographic region of the borrower, size and financial condition of the borrower, cash flow and leverage of the borrower, and our evaluation of the borrower’s management.  Significant management judgment is required when evaluating which of these factors are most relevant in individual circumstances, and when estimating the amount of expected credit losses based on those factors.  When loans are individually evaluated, allowances are determined based on management’s estimate of the borrower’s ability to repay the loan given the availability of collateral and other sources of cash flow, as well as an evaluation of legal options available to CTBI.  Allowances for individually evaluated loans that are collateral-dependent are typically measured based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, less expected costs to sell where applicable.  For collateral-dependent financial assets, share similar risk characteristics.the credit loss expected may be zero if the fair value less costs to sell exceeds the amortized cost of the loan.  Loans shall not be included in both collective assessments and individual assessments.  Individually evaluated loans that doare not share risk characteristicscollateral-dependent are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate.  Specific allowances on individually evaluated commercial loans, including TDRs, are reviewed quarterly and adjusted as necessary based on an individual basis.changing borrower and/or collateral conditions and actual collection and charge-off experience.  Regardless of an initial measurement method, once it is determined that foreclosure is probable, the allowance for credit losses is measured based on the fair value of the collateral as of the measurement date.  As a practical expedient, the fair value of the collateral may be used for a loan when determining the allowance for credit losses for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty.  The fair value shall be adjusted for selling costs when foreclosure is probable.

Expected credit losses are estimated on a collective basis for loans that are not individually evaluated.  These include commercial loans that do not meet the criteria for individual evaluation as well as homogeneous loans in the residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments.  For collateral-dependentcollectively evaluated commercial loans, CTBI uses a static pool methodology based on our risk rating system.  See Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial assets,statements contained herein for information on CTBI’s risk rating system.  Other homogenous loans such as the residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments derive their ACL from vintage modeling.  Vintage modeling was chosen primarily because these loans have fixed amortization schedules, and it allows CTBI to track loans from origination to completion, including repayments and prepayments, and captures net charge-offs by the different vintages providing historical loss rates.  These are the two primary models utilized for ACL determination although there are additional models for specific processes in addition.  CTBI’s expected credit loss models were developed based on historical credit loss experience and observations of migration patterns for various credit risk characteristics (such as internal credit risk grades, external credit ratings or scores, delinquency status, etc.) over time, with those observations evaluated in the context of concurrent macroeconomic conditions.  CTBI developed our models from historical observations capturing a full economic cycle when possible.

CTBI’s expected credit loss models consider historical credit loss experience, current market and economic conditions, and forecasted changes in market and economic conditions if such forecasts are considered reasonable and supportable.  Generally, CTBI considers our forecasts to be reasonable and supportable for a period of up to one year from the estimation date.  For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period, expected credit losses are estimated by reverting to historical loss information.  CTBI evaluates the length of our reasonable and supportable forecast period, our reversion period, and reversion methodology at least annually, or more often if warranted by economic conditions or other circumstances.

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Other qualitative factors are used by CTBI in determining the ACL. These considerations inherently require significant management judgment to determine the appropriate factors to be considered and the extent of their impact on the ACL estimate.  Qualitative factors are used to capture characteristics in the portfolio that impact expected credit losses but that are not fully captured within CTBI’s expected credit loss models.  These include adjustments for changes in policies or procedures in underwriting, monitoring or collections, lending and risk management personnel, and results of internal audit and quality control reviews.  These may also include adjustments, when deemed necessary, for specific idiosyncratic risks such as geopolitical events, natural disasters and their effects on regional borrowers, and changes in product structures.  Qualitative factors may also be used to address the impacts of unforeseen events on key inputs and assumptions within CTBI’s expected credit loss models, such as the reasonable and supportable forecast period, changes to historical loss information, or changes to the reversion period or methodology.  When evaluating the adequacy of allowances, consideration is also given to regional geographic concentrations and the closely associated effect that changing economic conditions may have on CTBI’s customers.

Overall, the collective evaluation process requires significant management judgment when determining the estimation methodology and inputs into the models, as well as in evaluating the reasonableness of the modeled results and the appropriateness of qualitative adjustments.  CTBI’s forecasts of market and economic conditions and the internal risk grades assigned to loans in the commercial portfolio segment are examples of inputs to the expected credit loss models that require significant management judgment.  These inputs have the potential to drive significant variability in the resulting ACL.

The reserve for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb estimated expected credit losses related to unfunded credit facilities and is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.  The determination of the adequacy of the reserve is based upon expected credit losses over the remaining contractual life of the commitments, taking into consideration the current funded balance and estimated exposure over the reasonable and supportable forecast period.  This process takes into consideration the same risk elements that are analyzed in the determination of the adequacy of CTBI’s ACL, as previously discussed.  Net adjustments to the reserve for unfunded commitments are included in other noninterest expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Goodwill – Business combinations entered into by CTBI typically include the recognition of goodwill.  U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) require goodwill to be tested for impairment on an annual basis, which for CTBI is October 1, and more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that there may be zero ifimpairment.  Refer to Note 1 to the fair value less costs to sell exceedcondensed consolidated financial statements contained herein for a discussion on the amortized cost of the loan.  Loans shall not be included in both collective assessments and individual assessments.

In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, CTBI has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner.  Therefore, CTBI elected ASU 2019-04 which allows that accrued interest would continue to be presented separately and not part of amortized cost on loan.  The methodology used by CTBI is developed using the current loan balance, which is then compared to amortized cost balances to analyze the impact.  The difference in amortized cost basis versus consideration of loan balances impacts the allowanceassess goodwill for credit losses calculation by one basis point and is considered immaterial.  The primary difference is for indirect lending premiums.impairment.

We maintain an allowanceImpairment exists when a reporting unit’s carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value.  In testing goodwill for credit losses (“ACL”) at a levelimpairment, U.S. GAAP permits CTBI to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that its fair value is appropriate to cover estimated credit losses on individually evaluated loans, as well as estimated credit losses inherent in the remainder of the loanless than its carrying amount.  In this qualitative assessment, CTBI evaluates events and lease portfolio.  Credit lossescircumstances which may include, but are charged and recoveries are creditednot limited to, the ACL.

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We utilize an internal risk grading system for commercial credits.  Those creditsgeneral economic environment, banking industry and market conditions, the overall financial performance of CTBI, and the performance of CTBI’s common stock, to determine if it is not more likely than not that meet the following criteria are subject to individual evaluation:  the loan has an outstanding bank share balance of $1 million or greater and (i) has a criticized risk rating, (ii)fair value is in nonaccrual status, (iii) is a TDR, or (iv) is 90 days or more past due.  The borrower’s cash flow, adequacy of collateral coverage, and other options available to CTBI, including legal remedies, are evaluated.  We evaluate the collectability of both principal and interest when assessing the need for loss provision.  Historical loss rates are analyzed and applied to other commercial loan segments not subject to individual evaluation.

Homogenous loans, such as consumer installment, residential mortgages, and home equity lines are not individually risk graded.  The associated ACL for these loans is measured in pools with similar risk characteristics under ASC 326.

When any secured commercial loan is considered uncollectable, whether past due or not, a current assessment of the value of the underlying collateral is made.less than its carrying amount.  If the balancequantitative impairment test is required or the decision to bypass the qualitative assessment is elected, CTBI performs the goodwill impairment test by comparing its fair value with its carrying amount, including goodwill.  If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of the loan exceedsgoodwill recorded.  A recognized impairment loss cannot be reversed in future periods even if the fair value of the collateral, the loan is placed on nonaccrual and the loan is charged down to the value of the collateral less estimated cost to sell.  For commercial loans greater than $1 million and classified as criticized, troubled debt restructuring, or nonaccrual, a specific reserve is established if a loss is determined to be possible and then charged-off once it is probable.  When the foreclosed collateral has been legally assigned to CTBI, the estimatedreporting unit subsequently recovers.

The fair value of CTBI is the collateral less costsprice that would be received to sell is then transferred to other real estate owned or other repossessed assets, andthe company as a charge-off is taken for any remaining balance.  When any unsecured commercial loan is considered uncollectablewhole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the loan is charged off no later than at 90 days past due.

All closed-end consumer loans (excluding conventional 1-4 family residential loans and installment and revolving loans secured by real estate) are charged off no later than 120 days (5 monthly payments) delinquent.  If a loan is considered uncollectable, it is charged off earlier than 120 days delinquent.  For conventional 1-4 family residential loans and installment and revolving loans secured by real estate, when a loan is 90 days past due, a current assessmentmeasurement date.  The determination of the value of the real estate is made.  If the balance of the loan exceeds the fair value is a subjective process that involves the use of estimates and judgments, particularly related to cash flows, the appropriate discount rates and an applicable control premium.  CTBI employs an income-based approach, utilizing forecasted cash flows and the estimated cost of equity as the discount rate.  Significant management judgment is necessary in the preparation of the property, the loan is placed on nonaccrual.  Foreclosure proceedings are normally initiated after 120 days.  When the foreclosed property has been legally assigned to CTBI, the fair value less estimated costs to sell is transferred to other real estate ownedforecasted cash flows surrounding expectations for earnings projections, growth and the remaining balance is taken as a charge-off.

Historicalcredit loss rates for loans are adjusted for significant factors that, in management’s judgment, reflect the impact of any current conditions on loss recognition.  With the implementation of ASC 326, weighted average life (“WAL”) calculations were completed as a tool to determine the life of CTBI’s various loan segments.  Vintage modeling was used to determine the life of loan losses for consumerexpectations, and residential real estate loans.  Static pool modeling was used to determine the life of loan losses for commercial loan segments.  Qualitative factors used to derive CTBI’s total ACL include delinquency trends, current economic conditions and trends, strength of supervision and administration of the loan portfolio, levels of underperforming loans, trends in loan losses, and underwriting exceptions.  Forecasting factors including unemployment rates and industry specific forecasts for industries in which our total exposure is 5% of capital or greater are also included as factors in the ACL model.  Management continually reevaluates the other subjective factors included in its ACL analysis.actual results may differ from forecasted results.

Other Real Estate Owned – When foreclosed properties are acquired, appraisals are obtained and the properties are booked at the current fair market value less expected sales costs.  Additionally, periodic updated appraisals are obtained on unsold foreclosed properties.  When an updated appraisal reflects a fair market value below the current book value, a charge is booked to current earnings to reduce the property to its new fair market value less expected sales costs.  Our policy for determining the frequency of periodic reviews is based upon consideration of the specific properties and the known or perceived market fluctuations in a particular market and is typically between 12 and 18 months but generally not more than 24 months.  All revenues and expenses related to the carrying of other real estate owned are recognized through the income statement.

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Income Taxes– Income tax expenseliabilities or assets are established for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year.  Deferred tax liabilities (“DTLs”) and deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) are also established for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in CTBI’s financial statements or tax returns.  A DTL or DTA is recognized for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and deductions that can be carried forward (used) in future years.  The valuation of current and deferred income tax liabilities and assets is considered critical, as it requires management to make estimates based on provisions of the taxes due onenacted tax laws.  The assessment of tax liabilities and assets involves the consolidateduse of estimates, assumptions, interpretations, and judgments concerning certain accounting pronouncements and federal and state tax return plus deferred taxes based oncodes.

Fair Value Measurements – As a financial services company, the expected future tax benefits and consequencescarrying value of temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases ofcertain financial assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates.  Any interestis impacted by the application of fair value measurements, either directly or indirectly.  In certain cases, an asset or liability is measured and penalties incurredreported at fair value on a recurring basis, such as available-for-sale investment securities.  In other cases, management must rely on estimates or judgments to determine if an asset or liability not measured at fair value warrants an impairment write-down or whether a valuation reserve should be established.  Given the inherent volatility, the use of fair value measurements may have a significant impact on the carrying value of assets or liabilities or result in connection with income taxes are recorded as a component of income tax expense in thematerial changes to our consolidated financial statements.  Duringstatements from period to period.  Detailed information regarding fair value measurements can be found in Note 7 to the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, CTBI has not recognized a significant amount of interest expense or penalties in connection with income taxes.condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest rate risk management focuses on maintaining consistent growth in net interest income within Board-approved policy limits.  CTBI uses an earnings simulation model to analyze net interest income sensitivity to movements in interest rates.  Given a 200 basis point increase to the yield curve used in the simulation model, it is estimated net interest income for CTBI would increase by 5.583.99 percent over one year and 9.427.46 percent over two years.  A 25 basis point decrease in the yield curve would decrease net interest income by an estimated 0.690.54 percent over one year and 1.581.02 percent over two years.  For further discussion of CTBI’s market risk, see the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Market Risk included in the annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

EVALUATIONEVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

CTBI’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out by CTBI’s management, with the participation of our Vice Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer and the Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures.  Based on this evaluation, management concluded that disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 20212022 were effective in ensuring material information required to be disclosed in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported on a timely basis.

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CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

There were no changes in CTBI’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarterthree months ended March 31, 20212022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, CTBI’s internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal ProceedingsNone
   
Item 1A.Risk FactorsNone
   
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of ProceedsNone
   
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None
   
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosure
Not applicable
   
Item 5.
Other Information:
 
 CTBI’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have furnished to the SEC the certifications with respect to this Form 10-Q that are required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 
   
Item 6.Exhibits: 
 (1)Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 31.1
Exhibit 31.2
 (2)Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.1
Exhibit 32.2
 (3)XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRLExhibit 101.INS
 (4)XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema DocumentExhibit 101.SCH
 (5)XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation LinkbaseExhibit 101.CAL
 (6)XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition LinkbaseExhibit 101.DEF
 (7)XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label LinkbaseExhibit 101.LAB
 (8)XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation LinkbaseExhibit 101.PRE
 (9)Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)Exhibit 104

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, CTBI has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 COMMUNITY TRUST BANCORP, INC.
  
Date:  May 7, 20219, 2022By:
  
 /s/ Jean R. HaleMark A. Gooch
 Jean R. HaleMark A. Gooch
 Vice Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer
  
 /s/ Kevin J. Stumbo
 Kevin J. Stumbo
 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer,
and Treasurer



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