UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

☐ Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 000-50058

PRA Group, ~~Inc~~.Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

75-3078675

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

120 Corporate Boulevard

Norfolk,, Virginia23502

(Address of principal executive offices)

(~~888~~) (888) 772-7326

(Registrant's Telephone No., including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	PRAA	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. ~~(Check one):~~

Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ

The number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding as of August ~~6, 2019~~4, 2020 was ~~45,409,110.~~45,579,483.

Table of Contents


Part I. Financial Information

~~Part I. Financial Information~~

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)		3
		Consolidated Balance Sheets		3
		Consolidated Income Statements		4
		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss)		5
		Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity		6
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		78
		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		89
		1. Organization and Business		89
		2. Change in Accounting Principle		2.11
		3. Finance Receivables, net		912
		3.4. Investments		1017
		4.5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net		1118
		5.6. Leases		1219
		6.7. Borrowings		1420
		7.8. Derivatives		1723
		8.9. Fair Value		1824
		9.10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		2126
		~~10.~~11. Earnings per Share		2128
		~~11.~~12. Income Taxes		2229
		~~12.~~13. Commitments and Contingencies		2229
		~~13.~~14. Recently Issued Accounting Standards		2430
		15. Subsequent Events		31
Item 2.		Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		2632
Item 3.		Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		4654
Item 4.		Controls and Procedures		4755

Part II. Other Information

Item 1.		Legal Proceedings		4856
Item 1A.		Risk Factors		4856
Item 2.		Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		4856
Item 3.		Defaults Upon Senior Securities		4856
Item 4.		Mine Safety Disclosures		4856
Item 5.		Other Information		4856
Item 6.		Exhibits		4856

Signatures				4958

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019

(Amounts in thousands)


	(unaudited)							(unaudited)
	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018				June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets							Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	105,496		$	98,695		Cash and cash equivalents	$	115,741	$	119,774
Investments	85,911			45,173			Investments	18,746		56,176
Finance receivables, net	3,230,949			3,084,777			Finance receivables, net	3,351,532		3,514,165
Other receivables, net	13,770			46,157			Other receivables, net	15,532		10,606
Income taxes receivable	11,323			16,809			Income taxes receivable	23,166		17,918
Net deferred tax asset	66,401			61,453
Deferred tax asset, net							Deferred tax asset, net	64,548		63,225
Property and equipment, net	51,484			54,136			Property and equipment, net	59,285		56,501
Right-of-use assets	72,817			—			Right-of-use assets	58,213		68,972
Goodwill	489,293			464,116			Goodwill	444,507		480,794
Intangible assets, net	5,219			5,522			Intangible assets, net	3,666		4,497
Other assets	32,751			32,721			Other assets	42,888		31,263

Total assets	$	4,165,414		$	3,909,559		Total assets	$	4,197,824	$	4,423,891
Liabilities and Equity							Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:							Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,279		$	6,110		Accounts payable	$	4,667	$	4,258
Accrued expenses	74,950			79,396			Accrued expenses	72,871		88,925
Income taxes payable	372			15,080			Income taxes payable	31,226		4,046
Net deferred tax liability	100,742			114,979
Deferred tax liability, net							Deferred tax liability, net	59,860		85,390
Lease liabilities							Lease liabilities	62,706		73,377
Interest-bearing deposits	107,840			82,666			Interest-bearing deposits	120,520		106,246
Borrowings	2,618,382			2,473,656			Borrowings	2,580,068		2,808,425
Lease liabilities	76,750			—
Other liabilities	27,307			7,370			Other liabilities	71,044		26,211

Total liabilities	3,009,622			2,779,257			Total liabilities	3,002,962		3,196,878
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	4,935			6,333

Equity:							Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding	—			—			Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 45,409 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019; 100,000 shares authorized, 45,304 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018	454			453
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 45,579 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020; 100,000 shares authorized, 45,416 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019							Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 45,579 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020; 100,000 shares authorized, 45,416 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019	456		454
Additional paid-in capital	61,705			60,303			Additional paid-in capital	70,065		67,321
Retained earnings	1,310,319			1,276,473			Retained earnings	1,439,680		1,362,631
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(252,124		)	(242,109		)	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(347,212)		(261,018)
Total stockholders' equity - PRA Group, Inc.	1,120,354			1,095,120			Total stockholders' equity - PRA Group, Inc.	1,162,989		1,169,388
Noncontrolling interest	30,503			28,849			Noncontrolling interest	31,873		57,625
Total equity	1,150,857			1,123,969			Total equity	1,194,862		1,227,013
Total liabilities and equity	$	4,165,414		$	3,909,559		Total liabilities and equity	$	4,197,824	$	4,423,891

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Income Statements

For the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019

(unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018				2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:													Revenues:
Portfolio income													Portfolio income	$	248,284	$	—	$	510,306	$	—
Changes in expected recoveries													Changes in expected recoveries	19,801		—		6,985		—
Income recognized on finance receivables	$	249,219		$	219,018		$	488,055		$	437,642		Income recognized on finance receivables	—		249,219		—		488,055
Fee income	2,707			2,342			9,081			7,669			Fee income	2,639		2,707		4,848		9,081
Other revenue	131			158			798			315			Other revenue	1,186		131		1,555		798
Total revenues	252,057			221,518			497,934			445,626			Total revenues	271,910		252,057		523,694		497,934

Net allowance charges	(1,196		)	(2,834		)	(7,291		)	(3,759		)	Net allowance charges	—		(1,196)		—		(7,291)

Operating expenses:													Operating expenses:
Compensation and employee services	79,808			80,690			159,453			161,927			Compensation and employee services	70,472		79,808		145,643		159,453
Legal collection fees	14,297			10,343			27,356			21,012			Legal collection fees	13,742		14,297		28,314		27,356
Legal collection costs	33,121			18,695			68,350			40,938			Legal collection costs	19,507		33,121		53,954		68,350
Agency fees	13,013			8,138			27,045			16,416			Agency fees	10,343		13,013		23,719		27,045
Outside fees and services	16,293			14,565			31,541			28,723			Outside fees and services	18,683		16,293		38,077		31,541
Communication	10,824			10,782			24,025			22,339			Communication	8,812		10,824		22,323		24,025
Rent and occupancy	4,491			4,003			8,854			8,317			Rent and occupancy	4,471		4,491		8,955		8,854
Depreciation and amortization	4,723			4,525			9,295			9,454			Depreciation and amortization	4,109		4,723		8,193		9,295
Other operating expenses	10,926			11,628			22,511			23,812			Other operating expenses	10,491		10,926		22,696		22,511

Total operating expenses	187,496			163,369			378,430			332,938			Total operating expenses	160,630		187,496		351,874		378,430

Income from operations	63,365			55,315			112,213			108,929			Income from operations	111,280		63,365		171,820		112,213
Other income and (expense):													Other income and (expense):

Interest expense, net	(36,027		)	(31,124		)	(70,008		)	(56,905		)	Interest expense, net	(35,416)		(36,027)		(72,627)		(70,008)
Foreign exchange	(311		)	1,690			5,953			2,983
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)													Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	683		(311)		2,966		5,953
Other	248			(400		)	(104		)	(157		)	Other	(1,582)		248		(1,658)		(104)
Income before income taxes	27,275			25,481			48,054			54,850			Income before income taxes	74,965		27,275		100,501		48,054
Income tax expense	5,075			3,857			8,942			9,994			Income tax expense	14,137		5,075		17,237		8,942
Net income	22,200			21,624			39,112			44,856			Net income	60,828		22,200		83,264		39,112
Adjustment for net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	3,581			2,036			5,266			4,162			Adjustment for net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	2,914		3,581		6,215		5,266
Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	18,619		$	19,588		$	33,846		$	40,694		Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	57,914	$	18,619	$	77,049	$	33,846
Net income per common share attributable to PRA Group, Inc.:													Net income per common share attributable to PRA Group, Inc.:
Basic	$	0.41		$	0.43		$	0.75		$	0.90		Basic	$	1.27	$	0.41	$	1.69	$	0.75
Diluted	$	0.41		$	0.43		$	0.74		$	0.90		Diluted	$	1.26	$	0.41	$	1.68	$	0.74
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:													Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic	45,387			45,283			45,363			45,257			Basic	45,548		45,387		45,500		45,363
Diluted	45,495			45,449			45,457			45,410			Diluted	45,987		45,495		45,886		45,457

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

For the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019

(unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands)


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018				2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income	$	22,200		$	21,624		$	39,112		$	44,856		Net income	$	60,828	$	22,200	$	83,264	$	39,112
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	3,581			2,036			5,266			4,162
Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	18,619			19,588			33,846			40,694
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:													Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Currency translation adjustments	4,740			(60,697		)	3,567			(30,756		)	Currency translation adjustments	28,923		4,740		(79,153)		3,567
Cash flow hedges	(8,002		)	—			(13,717		)	—			Cash flow hedges	(3,753)		(8,002)		(24,321)		(13,717)
Debt securities available-for-sale	37			—			82			—			Debt securities available-for-sale	51		37		221		82
Other comprehensive (loss)	(3,225		)	(60,697		)	(10,068		)	(30,756		)
Less other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	378			(7,217		)	(53		)	(196		)
Other comprehensive (loss) attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	(3,603		)	(53,480		)	(10,015		)	(30,560		)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)													Other comprehensive income/(loss)	25,221		(3,225)		(103,253)		(10,068)
Total comprehensive income/(loss)													Total comprehensive income/(loss)	86,049		18,975		(19,989)		29,044
Less comprehensive (loss)/ income attributable to noncontrolling interests													Less comprehensive (loss)/ income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(270)		3,959		(10,844)		5,213
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	15,016		$	(33,892	)	$	23,831		$	10,134		Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	86,319	$	15,016	$	(9,145)	$	23,831

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated ~~Statement~~Statements of Changes in Equity

For the ~~three and~~ six months ended June 30, ~~2019 and 2018~~2020

(unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands)


	Common Stock					Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2019	45,416	$	454	$	67,321	$	1,362,631	$	(261,018)	$	57,625	$	1,227,013


Components of comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net income	—	—		—		19,135		—		3,301		22,436
Currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		(94,201)		(13,875)		(108,076)
Cash flow hedges	—	—		—		—		(20,568)		—		(20,568)

Debt securities available-for-sale	—	—		—		—		170		—		170






Vesting of restricted stock	124	1		—		—		—		—		1

Share-based compensation expense	—	—		2,857		—		—		—		2,857

Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes	—	—		(3,157)		—		—		—		(3,157)

Balance at March 31, 2020	45,540	$	455	$	67,021	$	1,381,766	$	(375,617)	$	47,051	$	1,120,676
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net income	—	—		—		57,914		—		2,914		60,828
Currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		32,107		(3,184)		28,923
Cash flow hedges	—	—		—		—		(3,753)		—		(3,753)
Debt securities available-for-sale	—	—		—		—		51		—		51
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		(14,908)		(14,908)

Vesting of restricted stock	39	1		(1)		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		3,063		—		—		—		3,063
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes	—	—		(18)		—		—		—		(18)

Balance at June 30, 2020	45,579	$	456	$	70,065	$	1,439,680	$	(347,212)	$	31,873	$	1,194,862

Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Noncontrolling Interest Total Equity
Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018 45,304
$ 453
$ 60,303
$ 1,276,473
$ (242,109 ) $ 28,849
$ 1,123,969
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net income —
—
—
15,227
—
1,685
16,912
Currency translation adjustments —
—
—
—
(742 ) (431 ) (1,173 )
Cash flow hedges —
—
—
—
(5,715 ) —
(5,715 )
Debt securities available-for-sale —
—
—
—
45
—
45
Distributions to noncontrolling interest —
—
—
—
—
(6,877 ) (6,877 )
Contributions from noncontrolling interest —
—
—
—
—
89
89
Vesting of restricted stock 80
1
(1 ) —
—
—
—
Share-based compensation expense —
—
2,314
—
—
—
2,314
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes —
—
(1,437 ) —
—
—
(1,437 )
Other —
—
(2,088 ) —
—
—
(2,088 )
Balance at March 31, 2019 45,384
$ 454
$ 59,091
$ 1,291,700
$ (248,521 ) $ 23,315
$ 1,126,039
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net income —
—
—
18,619
—
3,581
22,200
Currency translation adjustments —
—
—
—
4,362
378
4,740
Cash flow hedges —
—
—
—
(8,002 ) —
(8,002 )
Debt securities available-for-sale —
—
—
—
37
—
37
Contributions from noncontrolling interest —
—
—
—
—
3,229
3,229
Vesting of restricted stock 25
—
—
—
—
—
—
Share-based compensation expense —
—
2,620
—
—
—
2,620
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes —
—
(6 ) —
—
—
(6 )
Balance at June 30, 2019 45,409
$ 454
$ 61,705
$ 1,310,319
$ (252,124 ) $ 30,503
$ 1,150,857

Balance at December 31, 2017 45,189
$ 452
$ 53,870
$ 1,214,840
$ (178,607 ) $ 50,162
$ 1,140,717
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle - equity securities ⁽¹⁾
—
—
—
(3,930 ) —
—
(3,930 )
Balance at January 1, 2018 45,189
452
53,870
1,210,910
(178,607 ) 50,162
1,136,787
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net income —
—
—
21,106
—
2,126
23,232
Currency translation adjustments —
—
—
—
22,920
7,021
29,941
Distributions to noncontrolling interest —
—
—
—
—
(11,807 ) (11,807 )
Vesting of restricted stock 86
1
(1 ) —
—
—
—
Share-based compensation expense —
—
2,415
—
—
—
2,415
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes —
—
(2,013 ) —
—
—
(2,013 )
Balance at March 31, 2018 45,275
$ 453
$ 54,271
$ 1,232,016
$ (155,687 ) $ 47,502
$ 1,178,555
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net income —
—
—
19,588
—
2,036
21,624
Currency translation adjustments —
—
—
—
(53,480 ) (7,217 ) (60,697 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interest —
—
—
—
—
(928 ) (928 )
Vesting of restricted stock 25
—
—
—
—
—
Share-based compensation expense 2,146
—
—
2,146
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes (7 ) —
—
(7 )
Balance at June 30, 2018 45,300
$ 453
$ 56,410
$ 1,251,604
$ (209,167 ) $ 41,393
$ 1,140,693
PRA Group, Inc.

~~(1) Relates to~~Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the ~~adoption of FASB ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("ASU 2016-01"). Refer to Note 3 for further detail.~~six months ended June 30, 2019

(unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands)


	Common Stock					Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018	45,304	$	453	$	60,303	$	1,276,473	$	(242,109)	$	28,849	$	1,123,969


Components of comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net income	—	—		—		15,227		—		1,685		16,912
Currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		(742)		(431)		(1,173)
Cash flow hedges	—	—		—		—		(5,715)		—		(5,715)
Debt securities available-for-sale	—	—		—		—		45		—		45


Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		(6,877)		(6,877)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		89		89



Vesting of restricted stock	80	1		(1)		—		—		—		—

Share-based compensation expense	—	—		2,314		—		—		—		2,314

Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes	—	—		(1,437)		—		—		—		(1,437)
Other	—	—		(2,088)		—		—		—		(2,088)
Balance at March 31, 2019	45,384	$	454	$	59,091	$	1,291,700	$	(248,521)	$	23,315	$	1,126,039
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net income	—	—		—		18,619		—		3,581		22,200
Currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		4,362		378		4,740
Cash flow hedges	—	—		—		—		(8,002)		—		(8,002)
Debt securities available-for-sale	—	—		—		—		37		—		37

Contributions from noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		3,229		3,229
Vesting of restricted stock	25	—		—		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		2,620		—		—		—		2,620
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes	—	—		(6)		—		—		—		(6)

Balance at June 30, 2019	45,409	$	454	$	61,705	$	1,310,319	$	(252,124)	$	30,503	$	1,150,857

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019

(unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands)


	Six Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018				2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:							Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	39,112		$	44,856		Net income	$	83,264	$	39,112
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:							Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Share-based compensation expense	4,934			4,561			Share-based compensation expense	5,920		4,934
Depreciation and amortization	9,295			9,454			Depreciation and amortization	8,193		9,295

Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	11,403			10,866			Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	11,846		11,403
Changes in expected recoveries							Changes in expected recoveries	(6,985)		—

Deferred income taxes	(25,287		)	(32,805		)	Deferred income taxes	(21,361)		(25,287)
Net unrealized foreign currency transactions	(7,437		)	455			Net unrealized foreign currency transactions	33,320		(7,437)
Fair value in earnings for equity securities	(1,448		)	(2,781		)	Fair value in earnings for equity securities	1,412		(1,448)
Net allowance charges	7,291			3,759			Net allowance charges	—		7,291
Other							Other	(256)		—

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:							Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets	1,863			(1,685		)	Other assets	256		1,863
Other receivables, net	2,978			1,073			Other receivables, net	(4,733)		2,978
Accounts payable	(2,956		)	145			Accounts payable	507		(2,956)
Income taxes payable, net	(8,766		)	(857		)	Income taxes payable, net	22,527		(8,766)
Accrued expenses	(1,979		)	(5,767		)	Accrued expenses	(13,336)		(1,979)
Other liabilities	1,799			(438		)	Other liabilities	1,821		1,799
Right of use asset/lease liability							Right of use asset/lease liability	105		—
Other, net	146			—			Other, net	—		146
Net cash provided by operating activities	30,948			30,836			Net cash provided by operating activities	122,500		30,948
Cash flows from investing activities:							Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(5,646		)	(11,303		)
Acquisition of finance receivables	(549,377		)	(385,823		)
Net, purchases of property and equipment							Net, purchases of property and equipment	(10,597)		(5,646)

Purchases of finance receivables							Purchases of finance receivables	(436,097)		(549,377)
Recoveries applied to negative allowance							Recoveries applied to negative allowance	501,583		—
Collections applied to principal on finance receivables	443,390			395,572			Collections applied to principal on finance receivables	—		443,390
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired	(57,610		)	—
Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries, net	31,177			—
Purchase of investments	(82,648		)	(15,171		)	Purchase of investments	(8,317)		(82,648)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments	43,011			3,519			Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments	41,505		43,011
Net cash used in investing activities	(177,703		)	(13,206		)
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired							Business acquisition, net of cash acquired	—		(57,610)

Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries, net							Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries, net	—		31,177
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities							Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	88,077		(177,703)
Cash flows from financing activities:							Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from lines of credit	769,021			236,015			Proceeds from lines of credit	395,152		769,021
Principal payments on lines of credit	(324,103		)	(258,857		)	Principal payments on lines of credit	(568,912)		(324,103)
Principal payments on notes payable and long-term debt							Principal payments on notes payable and long-term debt	(5,000)		(308,165)

Payments of origination cost and fees							Payments of origination cost and fees	(9,781)		—
Tax withholdings related to share-based payments	(1,443		)	(2,020		)	Tax withholdings related to share-based payments	(3,176)		(1,443)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interest	(6,877		)	(13,392		)	Distributions paid to noncontrolling interest	(14,908)		(6,877)

Purchase of noncontrolling interest	(1,166		)	—			Purchase of noncontrolling interest	—		(1,166)
Principal payments on notes payable and long-term debt	(308,165		)	(5,000		)
Payments of origination costs and fees	—			(404		)
Net increase/(decrease) in interest-bearing deposits	28,429			(8,314		)
Other	1,141			—
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	156,837			(51,972		)

Net increase in interest-bearing deposits							Net increase in interest-bearing deposits	13,675		28,429
Other financing activities							Other financing activities	—		1,141

Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities							Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities	(192,950)		156,837
Effect of exchange rate on cash	(3,281		)	(14,604		)	Effect of exchange rate on cash	(16,503)		(3,281)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	6,801			(48,946		)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents							Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	1,124		6,801
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	98,695			120,516			Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	123,807		98,695
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	105,496		$	71,570		Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	124,931	$	105,496
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:							Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	54,973		$	46,897		Cash paid for interest	$	60,618	$	54,973
Cash paid for income taxes	42,172			48,522			Cash paid for income taxes	16,796		42,172
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reconciliation:							Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reconciliation:
Cash and cash equivalents per Consolidated Balance Sheets							Cash and cash equivalents per Consolidated Balance Sheets	$	115,741	$	105,496
Restricted cash included in Other assets per Consolidated Balance Sheets							Restricted cash included in Other assets per Consolidated Balance Sheets	9,190		—
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash							Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	124,931	$	105,496

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization and Business:

As used herein, the terms "PRA Group," ~~"the Company,~~the "Company," or similar terms refer to PRA Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

PRA Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is a global financial and business services company with operations in the Americas, Europe and ~~Europe.~~Australia. The Company's primary business is the purchase, collection and management of portfolios of nonperforming loans. The Company also provides fee-based services on class action claims recoveries and by servicing consumer bankruptcy accounts in the United States ("U.S.").

On March 11, 2020, due to the global outbreak of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19"), the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic. Since the initial outbreak was reported, COVID-19 has continued to adversely impact all countries in which the Company operates. As a result, the Company continues to operate in business continuity mode globally. The Company's business continuity plans have allowed the Company to operate its business while minimizing disruption and complying with country-specific, federal, state and local laws, regulations and governmental actions related to the pandemic.

Basis of presentation: The consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). The accompanying interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income/(loss) and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring items, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020, its Consolidated Income Statements, and its Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, and its Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, have been included. The Consolidated Income Statements of the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 may not be indicative of future results.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the "2019 Form 10-K").

Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ~~all of its subsidiaries.~~PRA Group and other entities in which the Company has a controlling interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest, through ownership of the majority of the entities’ voting equity interests, or through other contractual rights that give the Company control, consist of entities which purchase and collect on portfolios of nonperforming loans.

Investments in companies in which the Company has significant influence over operating and financing decisions, but does not own a majority of the voting equity interests, are accounted for in accordance with the equity method of accounting, which requires the Company to recognize its proportionate share of the entity’s net earnings. These investments are included in other assets, with income or loss included in other revenue.

The Company performs on-going reassessments whether changes in the facts and circumstances regarding the Company’s involvement with an entity cause the Company’s consolidation conclusion to change.

Restricted cash: Cash that is subject to legal restrictions or is unavailable for general operating purposes is classified as restricted cash.

Segments: Under the guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") ASC Topic 280 "Segment Reporting" ("ASC 280"), the Company has determined that it has several operating segments that meet the aggregation criteria of ASC 280, and, therefore, it has ~~one~~1 reportable segment, accounts receivable management. This conclusion is based on similarities among the operating units, including economic characteristics, the nature of the products and services, the nature of the production processes, the types or class of customer for their products and services, the methods used to distribute their products and services and the nature of the regulatory environment.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table shows the amount of revenue generated for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018, respectively,~~2019, and long-lived assets held at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018, respectively,~~2019, both for the U.S., the Company's country of domicile, and outside of the U.S. (amounts in thousands):


	As of and for the						As of and for the
	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020						Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Revenues		Long-Lived Assets		Revenues		Long-Lived Assets
United States	$	192,293	$	105,996	$	167,923	$	110,323
United Kingdom	28,041		2,755		28,292		3,917
Other ⁽¹⁾	51,576		8,747		55,842		10,061
Total	$	271,910	$	117,498	$	252,057	$	124,301

	As of and for the						As of and for the
	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020						Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Revenues		Long-Lived Assets		Revenues		Long-Lived Assets
United States	$	345,628	$	105,996	$	335,499	$	110,323
United Kingdom	64,381		2,755		58,048		3,917
Other ⁽¹⁾	113,685		8,747		104,387		10,061
Total	$	523,694	$	117,498	$	497,934	$	124,301

As of and for the As of and for the
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Revenues Long-Lived Assets Revenues Long-Lived Assets
United States $ 167,923
$ 110,323
$ 150,937
$ 46,757
United Kingdom 28,292
3,917
24,829
1,817
Other ⁽¹⁾
55,842
10,061
45,752
4,790
Total $ 252,057
$ 124,301
$ 221,518
$ 53,364

As of and for the As of and for the
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Revenues Long-Lived Assets Revenues Long-Lived Assets
United States $ 335,499
$ 110,323
$ 304,339
$ 46,757
United Kingdom 58,048
3,917
49,555
1,817
Other ⁽¹⁾
104,387
10,061
91,732
4,790
Total $ 497,934
$ 124,301
$ 445,626
$ 53,364

(1) None of the countries included in "Other" comprise greater than 10% of the Company's consolidated revenues or long-lived assets.

Revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of the related operations. Long-lived assets consist of net property and equipment and right-of-use assets. The Company reports revenues earned from nonperforming loan ~~purchasing~~acquisitions and collection activities, fee-based services and ~~its~~ investments. For additional information on the Company's investments, see Note 3.4. It is impracticable for the Company to report further breakdowns of revenues from external customers by product or service.

Beginning January 1, 2020, the Company implemented Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses" ("Topic 326") ("ASU 2016-13") and ASU 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses” (“ASU 2019-11”), collectively referred to as "ASC 326", on a prospective basis. Prior to January 1, 2020, the vast majority of the Company's investment in finance receivables were accounted for under ASC 310-30 "Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality" ("ASC 310-30"). Refer to Note 2.

Finance receivables and income recognition: The ~~accompanying interim~~Company accounts for its investment in finance receivables at amortized cost under the guidance of ASC Topic 310 “Receivables” (“ASC 310”) and ASC Topic 326-20 “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost” (“ASC 326-20”). ASC 326-20 requires a financial ~~statements~~asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected.

Credit quality information: The Company acquires portfolios of accounts that have ~~been prepared~~experienced deterioration of credit quality between origination and the Company's acquisition of the accounts. The amount paid for a portfolio reflects the Company's determination that it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to an account's contractual terms. The Company accounts for the portfolios in accordance with the ~~instructions~~guidance for purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") assets. The initial allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price rather than recorded as a credit loss expense. The Company has established a policy to writeoff the amortized cost of individual assets when it deems probable that it will not collect on an individual asset. Due to the deteriorated credit quality of the individual accounts, the Company may writeoff the unpaid principal balance of all accounts in a portfolio at the time of acquisition. However, when the Company has an expectation of collecting cash flows at the portfolio level, a negative allowance is established for expected recoveries at an amount not to exceed the amount paid for the financial portfolios.

Portfolio segments: The Company develops systematic methodologies to determine its allowance for credit losses at the portfolio segment level. The Company’s nonperforming loan portfolio segments consist of two broad categories: Core and Insolvency. The Company’s Core portfolios contain loan accounts that are in default, which were purchased at a substantial discount to face value because either the credit grantor and/or other third-party collection agencies have been unsuccessful in collecting the full balance owed. The Company’s Insolvency portfolios contain loan accounts that are in default where the customer is involved in a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding and were purchased at a substantial discount to face value. Each of the two broad portfolio segments of purchased nonperforming loan portfolios consist of large numbers of homogeneous receivables with similar risk characteristics.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Effective interest rate and accounting pools: Within each portfolio segment, the Company pools accounts with similar risk characteristics that are acquired in the same year. Similar risk characteristics generally include portfolio segment and geographic region. The initial effective interest rate of the pool is established based on the purchase price and expected recoveries of each individual purchase at the purchase date. During the year of acquisition, the annual pool is aggregated, and the blended effective interest rate will change to reflect new acquisitions and new cash flow estimates until the end of the year. The effective interest rate for a pool is fixed for the remaining life of the pool once the year has ended.

Methodology: The Company develops its estimates of expected recoveries in the Consolidated Balance Sheets by applying discounted cash flow methodologies to its estimated remaining collections (“ERC”) and recognizes income over the estimated life of the pool at the constant effective interest rate of the pool. Subsequent changes (favorable and unfavorable) in expected cash flows are recognized within changes in expected recoveries in the Consolidated Income Statements by adjusting the present value of increases or decreases in ERC at a constant effective interest rate. Amounts included in the estimate of recoveries do not exceed the aggregate amount of the amortized cost basis previously written off or expected to be written off.

The measurement of expected recoveries is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. Factors that may contribute to the changes in estimated cash flows include both external and internal factors. External factors that may have an impact on the collectability, and subsequently on the overall profitability of acquired pools of nonperforming loans, would include new laws or regulations relating to collections, new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, and the overall condition of the economy. Internal factors that may have an impact on the collectability, and subsequently the overall profitability of acquired pools of nonperforming loans, would include necessary revisions to initial and post-acquisition scoring and modeling estimates, operational activities, expected impact of operational strategies and changes in productivity related to turnover and tenure of the Company's collection staff.

Portfolio income: The recognition of income on expected recoveries is based on the constant effective interest rate established for a pool.

Changes in expected recoveries: The activity consists of differences between actual recoveries compared to expected recoveries for the reporting period, as well as the net present value of increases or decreases in ERC at the constant effective interest rate.

Agreements to acquire the aforementioned receivables include general representations and warranties from the sellers covering matters such as account holder death or insolvency and accounts settled or disputed prior to sale. The representation and warranty period permitting the return of these accounts from the Company to the seller is typically 90 to 180 days, with certain international agreements extending as long as 24 months. Any funds received from the seller as a return of purchase price are referred to as buybacks. Buyback funds are included in changes in expected recoveries when received.

Fees paid to third parties other than the seller related to the direct acquisition of a portfolio of accounts are expensed when incurred.

Goodwill and intangible assets: Goodwill, in accordance with ASC Topic 350, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other" ("ASC 350"), is not amortized but rather is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" ("ASU 2017-04"). The Company performs its annual assessment of goodwill as of October 1. The Company may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If management concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized. The loss will be recorded at the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the respective reporting unit.

2. Change in Accounting Principle:

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, which introduced a new methodology requiring the measurement of expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 utilizes a lifetime “expected credit loss” measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses for loans, held-to-maturity debt securities and other receivables measured at amortized cost. The

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

new methodology requires an entity to present on the balance sheet the net amount expected to be collected. This methodology replaces the multiple impairment methods under prior GAAP, including for purchased credit impaired ("PCI") assets, and introduces the concept of PCD assets. The Company's PCI assets previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 are now accounted for as PCD assets upon adoption. ASU 2016-13 requires PCD assets to be recognized at their purchase price plus the allowance for credit losses expected at the time of acquisition. ASU 2016-13 also requires that financial assets should be written off when they are deemed uncollectible.

In November 2019, FASB issued ASU 2019-11, which amended the PCD asset guidance in ASU 2016-13 to clarify that expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off should be included in the valuation account. Additionally, they should not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off by an entity. Further, ASU 2019-11 clarifies that a negative allowance is recognized when an entity determines, after a full or partial writeoff of the amortized cost basis, that it will recover all or a portion of the basis.

The Company adopted ASC 326 on January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis. In accordance with the guidance, substantially all the Company’s PCI assets were transitioned using the PCD guidance, with immediate writeoff of the amortized cost basis of individual accounts and establishment of a negative allowance for expected recoveries equal to the amortized cost basis written off. Accounts previously accounted for under ASC 310-30, were aggregated into annual pools based on similar risk characteristics and an effective interest rate was established based on the estimated remaining cash flows of the annual pool. The immediate writeoff and subsequent recognition of expected recoveries had no impact on the Company’s Consolidated Income Statements or the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the date of adoption. The Company develops its estimate of expected recoveries by applying discounted cash flow methodologies to its ERC and recognizes income over the estimated life of the pool at the constant effective interest rate of the pool. Changes (favorable and unfavorable) in expected cash flows are recognized in current period earnings by adjusting the present value of the changes in expected recoveries.

Following the transition guidance for PCD assets, the Company grossed up the amortized cost of its net finance receivables at January 1, 2020 as shown below (amounts in thousands):


Amortized cost	$	3,514,165
Allowance for credit losses	125,757,689
Noncredit discount	3,240,131
Face value	$	132,511,985

Allowance for credit losses	$	125,757,689
Writeoffs, net	(125,757,689)
Expected recoveries	3,514,165
Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries	$	3,514,165

3. Finance Receivables, net:

Finance Receivables, net after the adoption of ASC 326 (refer to Note 2)

Finance receivables, net consists of the following at June 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands):


Amortized cost	$	—
Negative allowance for expected recoveries⁽¹⁾	3,351,532
Balance at end of period	$	3,351,532

(1) The negative allowance balance includes certain portfolios of nonperforming loans for which the Company holds a beneficial interest representing approximately 1% of the balance.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Three Months Ended June 30, 2020

Changes in the negative allowance for expected recoveries by portfolio segment for the three months ended June 30, 2020 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	For the three months ended June 30, 2020
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,949,384	$	458,690	$	3,408,074
Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries - portfolio acquisitions ⁽¹⁾	144,721		19,778		164,499
Foreign currency translation adjustment	24,215		(130)		24,085
Recoveries applied to negative allowance ⁽²⁾	(231,435)		(33,492)		(264,927)
Changes in expected recoveries ⁽³⁾	21,251		(1,450)		19,801
Balance at end of period	$	2,908,136	$	443,396	$	3,351,532

(1) Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries - portfolio acquisitions

Portfolio acquisitions for the three months ended June 30, 2020 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	For the three months ended June 30, 2020
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Face value	$	1,288,243	$	96,964	$	1,385,207
Noncredit discount	(160,409)		(7,979)		(168,388)
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition	(983,113)		(69,207)		(1,052,320)
Purchase price	$	144,721	$	19,778	$	164,499

The initial negative allowance recorded on portfolio acquisitions for the three months ended June 30, 2020 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	For the three months ended June 30, 2020
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition	$	(983,113)	$	(69,207)	$	(1,052,320)
Writeoffs, net	983,113		69,207		1,052,320
Expected recoveries	144,721		19,778		164,499
Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries	$	144,721	$	19,778	$	164,499

(2) Recoveries applied to negative allowance

Recoveries applied to the negative allowance were computed as follows for the three months ended June 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	For the three months ended June 30, 2020
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Recoveries^(a)	$	461,238	$	51,973	$	513,211
Less - amounts reclassified to portfolio income ^(b)	229,803		18,481		248,284
Recoveries applied to negative allowance	$	231,435	$	33,492	$	264,927

(a) Recoveries includes cash collections, buybacks and other adjustments.

(b) The Company reported income on expected recoveries based on the constant effective interest rate in portfolio income on the Company's Consolidated Income Statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(3) Changes in expected recoveries

Changes in expected recoveries consists of the following for the three months ended June 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	For the three months ended June 30, 2020
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Changes in expected future recoveries	$	(97,910)	$	(1,788)	$	(99,698)
Recoveries received in excess of forecast	119,161		338		119,499
Changes in expected recoveries	$	21,251	$	(1,450)	$	19,801

Six Months Ended June 30, 2020

Changes in the negative allowance for expected recoveries by portfolio segment for the six months ended June 30, 2020 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	For the six months ended June 30, 2020
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,051,426	$	462,739	$	3,514,165
Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries - portfolio acquisitions ⁽¹⁾	378,408		59,328		437,736
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(95,999)		(9,772)		(105,771)
Recoveries applied to negative allowance ⁽²⁾	(430,473)		(71,110)		(501,583)
Changes in expected recoveries ⁽³⁾	4,774		2,211		6,985
Balance at end of period	$	2,908,136	$	443,396	$	3,351,532

(1) Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries - portfolio acquisitions

Portfolio acquisitions for the six months ended June 30, 2020 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	For the six months ended June 30, 2020
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Face value	$	3,179,386	$	274,418	$	3,453,804
Noncredit discount	(373,699)		(21,011)		(394,710)
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition	(2,427,279)		(194,079)		(2,621,358)
Purchase price	$	378,408	$	59,328	$	437,736

The initial negative allowance recorded on portfolio acquisitions for the six months ended was as follows June 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	For the six months ended June 30, 2020
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition	$	(2,427,279)	$	(194,079)	$	(2,621,358)
Writeoffs, net	2,427,279		194,079		2,621,358
Expected recoveries	378,408		59,328		437,736
Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries	$	378,408	$	59,328	$	437,736

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) Recoveries applied to negative allowance

Recoveries applied to the negative allowance were computed as follows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	For the six months ended June 30, 2020
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Recoveries^(a)	$	901,932	$	109,957	$	1,011,889
Less - amounts reclassified to portfolio income ^(b)	471,459		38,847		510,306
Recoveries applied to negative allowance	$	430,473	$	71,110	$	501,583

(a) Recoveries includes cash collections, buybacks and other adjustments.

(b) The Company reported income on expected recoveries based on the constant effective interest rate in portfolio income on the Company's Consolidated Income Statements.

(3) Changes in expected recoveries

Changes in expected recoveries consists of the following for the six months ended June 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	For the six months ended June 30, 2020
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Changes in expected future recoveries	$	(118,434)	$	(1,890)	$	(120,324)
Recoveries received in excess of forecast	123,208		4,101		127,309
Changes in expected recoveries	$	4,774	$	2,211	$	6,985

In order to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on expectations of future cash collections, the Company considered historical performance, current economic forecasts regarding the duration of the impact to short-term and long-term growth in the various geographies in which the Company operates, and evolving information regarding its effect on economic activity and consumer habits as reopening initiatives occur. The Company also considered current collection activity in its determination to adjust the estimated timing of near term ERC for certain pools. Based on these considerations, the Company’s estimates incorporate changes in the timing of expected cash collections over the next 6 to 18 months.

For the three months ended June 30, 2020, changes in expected recoveries increased $19.8 million. This reflects $119.5 million in recoveries received during the quarter in excess of forecast, partially offset by a $99.7 million decrease to the present value of expected future recoveries. The majority of the decrease reflects the Company's assumption that the overperformance was acceleration in cash collections rather than an increase to total expected collections. Additionally, the Company made forecast adjustments deemed appropriate given the current environment in which the Company operates.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, changes in expected recoveries increased $7.0 million. This reflects $127.3 million in recoveries in excess of forecast, which was largely due to significant cash collections overperformance during the most recent quarter. This was mostly offset by a $120.3 million decrease in the present value of expected future recoveries. The majority of the decrease reflects the Company's assumption that the current quarter overperformance was primarily due to acceleration in the timing of cash collections rather than an increase to total expected collections. Additionally, the Company made forecast adjustments in both quarters deemed appropriate given the current environment in which the Company operates.

Changes in the Company’s assumptions regarding the duration and impact of COVID-19 to cash collections could change significantly as conditions evolve.

Finance Receivables, net prior to adoption of ASC 326

The following information reflects finance receivables, net as previously disclosed in the Company's Quarterly ~~Reports~~Report on Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and notes to the consolidated financial statements necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income/(loss) and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring items, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2019, its consolidated income statements and statements of comprehensive income/(loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, its consolidated statement of changes in equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and its consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, have been included. The consolidated income statements of the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 may not be indicative of future results. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation.which was under previous revenue recognition accounting standard ASC 310-30.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

~~2. Finance Receivables, net:~~

Changes in finance receivables, net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 ~~and 2018~~ were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019		Six Months Ended June 30, 2019

Balance at beginning of period	$	3,177,229	$	3,084,777
Acquisitions of finance receivables ⁽¹⁾	284,448		597,894

Foreign currency translation adjustment	(8,477)		(1,041)
Cash collections	(470,274)		(931,445)
Income recognized on finance receivables	249,219		488,055
Net allowance charges	(1,196)		(7,291)

Balance at end of period	$	3,230,949	$	3,230,949

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Balance at beginning of period $ 3,177,229
$ 2,771,408
$ 3,084,777
$ 2,776,199
Acquisitions of finance receivables ⁽¹⁾
284,448
219,631
597,894
384,651
Foreign currency translation adjustment (8,477 ) (65,916 ) (1,041 ) (26,846 )
Cash collections (470,274 ) (406,634 ) (931,445 ) (833,214 )
Income recognized on finance receivables 249,219
219,018
488,055
437,642
Net allowance charges (1,196 ) (2,834 ) (7,291 ) (3,759 )
Balance at end of period $ 3,230,949
$ 2,734,673
$ 3,230,949
$ 2,734,673

~~(1)~~

Acquisitions of finance receivables are portfolio purchases that are net of buybacks and include certain capitalized acquisition related costs. They also include the finance receivable portfolios that are acquired in connection with certain business acquisitions. The buybacks and capitalized acquisition costs are netted against the acquisition of finance receivables when paid and may relate to portfolios purchased in prior periods.(1) Includes portfolio purchases adjusted for buybacks and acquisition related costs, and portfolios from the acquisition of a business in Canada made during the first quarter of 2019.

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company acquired finance ~~receivables~~receivable portfolios with a face value of $1.8 billion for $289.2 ~~million. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company acquired finance receivables portfolios with a face value of $2.2 billion for $221.4~~ million. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company acquired finance receivables portfolios with a face value of $6.6 billion for $608.0 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company acquired finance receivables portfolios with a face value of $3.7 billion for $389.7 million. At June 30, 2019, the estimated remaining collections ("ERC") on the receivables acquired during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were $513.0 million and $311.3 million, respectively. At June 30, 2019, the ERC on the receivables acquired during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were $513.0 million and ~~2018 were~~ $1.02 billion, ~~and $523.2 million,~~ respectively.

At the time of acquisition and each quarter thereafter, the life of each quarterly accounting pool iswas estimated based on projected amounts and timing of future cash collections using the proprietary models of the Company. Based upon ~~current~~ projections, cash collections expected to be applied to principal ~~are~~were estimated to be as follows for the twelve-month periods ending June 30, (amounts in thousands):

2020 $ 845,437
2021 694,169
2022 531,004
2023 393,087
2024 281,166
2025 173,283
2026 101,570
2027 77,943
2028 51,868
2029 35,070
Thereafter 46,352
Total ERC expected to be applied to principal $ 3,230,949


2020	$	845,437
2021	694,169
2023	531,004
2024	393,087
2025	281,166
2026	173,283
2027	101,570
2028	77,943
2029	51,868
2030	35,070
Thereafter	46,352
Total ERC expected to be applied to principal	$	3,230,949

At June 30, 2019, the Company had aggregate net finance receivables balances in pools accounted for under the cost recovery method of $39.4 ~~million; at December 31, 2018, the amount was $48.0~~ million.

Accretable yield ~~represents~~represented the amount of income on finance receivables the Company ~~can expect~~expected to recognize over the remaining life of its existing portfolios based on estimated future cash flows as of the balance sheet date. Additions ~~represent~~represented the original expected accretable yield on portfolios ~~purchased~~acquired during the ~~period to be earned by the Company based on its proprietary~~

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~analytical models.~~period. Net reclassifications from nonaccretable difference to accretable yield primarily ~~result~~resulted from the increase in the Company's estimate of future cash flows. When applicable, net reclassifications to nonaccretable difference from accretable yield ~~result~~resulted from the decrease in the Company's estimates of future cash flows and allowance charges that together ~~exceed~~exceeded the increase in the Company's estimate of future cash flows.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Changes in accretable yield for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 ~~and 2018~~ were as follows (amounts in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Balance at beginning of period $ 3,080,168
$ 3,006,268
$ 3,058,445
$ 2,927,866
Income recognized on finance receivables (249,219 ) (219,018 ) (488,055 ) (437,642 )
Net allowance charges 1,196
2,834
7,291
3,759
Additions from portfolio purchases ⁽¹⁾
228,796
197,453
464,610
344,285
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference 112,901
90,046
132,062
202,074
Foreign currency translation adjustment (829 ) (83,262 ) (1,340 ) (46,021 )
Balance at end of period $ 3,173,013
$ 2,994,321
$ 3,173,013
$ 2,994,321

~~(1) Also includes accretable yield additions resulting from certain business acquisitions.~~


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019		Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,080,168	$	3,058,445
Income recognized on finance receivables	(249,219)		(488,055)
Net allowance charges	1,196		7,291
Additions from portfolio acquisitions	228,796		464,610
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference	112,901		132,062
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(829)		(1,340)
Balance at end of period	$	3,173,013	$	3,173,013

The following is a summary of activity within the Company's valuation allowance account, all of which relates to acquired ~~nonperforming loans,~~finance receivables, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 ~~and 2018~~ (amounts in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Beginning balance $ 263,324
$ 226,975
$ 257,148
$ 225,555
Allowance charges 5,532
7,395
13,509
14,228
Reversal of previously recorded allowance charges (4,336 ) (4,561 ) (6,218 ) (10,469 )
Net allowance charges 1,196
2,834
7,291
3,759
Foreign currency translation adjustment 71
(1,526 ) 152
(1,031 )
Ending balance $ 264,591
$ 228,283
$ 264,591
$ 228,283


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019		Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Beginning balance	$	263,324	$	257,148
Allowance charges	5,532		13,509
Reversal of previously recorded allowance charges	(4,336)		(6,218)
Net allowance charges	1,196		7,291
Foreign currency translation adjustment	71		152
Ending balance	$	264,591	$	264,591

3.4. Investments:

Investments consisted of the following at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (amounts in thousands):

June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Debt securities
Available-for-sale $ 5,201
$ 5,077
Equity securities
Private equity funds 7,486
7,973
Mutual funds 62,678
21,753
Equity method investments 10,546
10,370
Total investments $ 85,911
$ 45,173

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~


	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019


Debt securities



Available-for-sale	$	4,767	$	5,052


Equity securities
Private equity funds	5,588		7,218
Mutual funds	743		33,677
Equity method investments	7,648		10,229

Total investments	$	18,746	$	56,176

Debt Securities

Available-for-sale

Government ~~bonds~~:bonds: The Company's investments in government bonds are classified as available-for-sale and are stated at fair value. ~~Fair value is determined using quoted market prices. Unrealized gains and losses are included in comprehensive income and reported in equity.~~

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments in debt securities at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 were as follows (amounts in thousands):

June 30, 2019
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Aggregate Fair Value
Available-for-sale
Government bonds $ 5,202
$ —
$ 1
$ 5,201

December 31, 2018
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Aggregate Fair Value
Available-for-sale
Government bonds $ 5,160
$ —
$ 83
$ 5,077


	June 30, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value
Available-for-sale


Government bonds	$	4,589	$	178	$	—	$	4,767






	December 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value
Available-for-sale

Government bonds	$	5,095	$	—	$	43	$	5,052

Equity Securities

Investments in private equity funds: Investments in private equity funds represent limited partnerships in which the Company has less than a 3%1% interest. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("ASU 2016-01"), which requires that investments in equity securities be measured at fair value with changes in unrealized gains and losses reported in earnings. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-01, the investments are carried at the fair value reported by the Fund manager. The Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of $3.9 million, net of tax, to beginning retained earnings for the unrealized loss on the investments. Prior to 2018, the investments were carried at cost with income recognized in Other Revenue in the consolidated income statements when distributions, up to reported income, were received from the partnerships.

Mutual funds: The Company invests certain excess funds held in Brazil in a Brazilian real denominated mutual fund benchmarked to the USU.S. dollar that invests principally in Brazilian fixed income securities. The investments are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices.

~~Unrealized gains~~ Gains and ~~losses:~~ ~~Net unrealized (losses)/gains were $(0.7) million~~losses from this investment are included as a foreign exchange component of other income and ~~$1.4 million for~~(expense) in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, on its equity securities. Net unrealized gains were $2.4 million and $2.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, on its equity securities.Company's Consolidated Income Statements.

Equity Method Investments

~~Effective December 20, 2018, the~~The Company has an 11.7% interest in RCB Investimentos S.A. ("RCB"), a servicing platform for nonperforming loans in Brazil. This investment is accounted for on the equity method because the Company exercises significant influence over RCB’s operating and financial activities. Accordingly, the Company’s investment in RCB is adjusted for the Company’s proportionate share of RCB’s earnings or ~~losses.~~losses, capital contribution made and distributions received.

4.5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net:

In connection with the Company's business acquisitions, the Company acquired certain tangible and intangible assets. Intangible assets resulting from these acquisitions include client and customer relationships, non-compete agreements, trademarks and technology. The Company performs aan annual review of goodwill as of October 1 of each year or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist.

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes~~ The Company performed its most recent annual review as of October 1, 2019 and concluded that no goodwill impairment was necessary. The Company performed its quarterly assessment by evaluating whether any triggering events had occurred as of June 30, 2020, which included considering current market conditions resulting from the global COVID-19 pandemic. The Company concluded that no triggering event had occurred at June 30, 2020 and will continue to ~~Consolidated Financial Statements~~

monitor the market for any adverse conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

The following table represents the changes in goodwill for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 (amounts in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Balance at beginning of period:
Goodwill $ 480,518
$ 544,293
$ 464,116
$ 526,513
Accumulated impairment loss —
—
—
—
480,518
544,293
464,116
526,513
Changes:
Acquisition ⁽¹⁾
4,711
—
18,364
—
Foreign currency translation adjustment 4,064
(24,482 ) 6,813
(6,702 )
Net change in goodwill 8,775
(24,482 ) 25,177
(6,702 )

Goodwill 489,293
519,811
489,293
519,811
Accumulated impairment loss —
—
—
—
Balance at end of period $ 489,293
$ 519,811
$ 489,293
$ 519,811


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Goodwill:
Balance at beginning of period	$	418,565	$	480,518	$	480,794	$	464,116


Changes:
Acquisition ⁽¹⁾	—		4,711		—		18,364


Foreign currency translation adjustment	25,942		4,064		(36,287)		6,813
Net change in goodwill	25,942		8,775		(36,287)		25,177



Balance at end of period	$	444,507	$	489,293	$	444,507	$	489,293

(1) The $4.7 million and $18.4 million additions to goodwill during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 respectively, ~~are the result of~~were related to the acquisition of a business in Canada.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

6. Leases:

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842) Section A - Leases: Amendments to the FASB Account Standards Codification" ("ASU 2016-02"). ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 using the alternative method which resulted in the recording of operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities of $72.1 million and $75.8 million, respectively. The Company's balance sheets for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019 are presented under the new guidance, while prior periods amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previous guidance.

The Company elected to apply the package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which among other things, allows it to carryforward the historical lease classification. In addition, the Company elected the practical expedient to exclude short-term leases (lease terms of less than one year) from its ROU assets and lease liabilities.

The Company's operating lease portfolio primarily includes corporate offices and call centers. The majority of its leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 20 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for 5 years, and others include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. ~~The exercise~~Exercises of lease renewal options isare typically at the Company's sole discretion and are included in its ~~ROU~~right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities based upon whether the Company is reasonably certain of exercising the renewal options. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. ~~The Company used its incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019 to calculate the present value of the lease payments of its existing leases at adoption.~~

The components of lease expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating lease expense	$	2,974	$	3,067	$	6,037	$	5,930
Short-term lease expense	676		720		1,369		1,562







Total lease expense	$	3,650	$	3,787	$	7,406	$	7,492

Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Operating lease cost $ 3,067
$ 5,930
Short-term lease cost 720
1,562
Total lease cost $ 3,787
$ 7,492

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activity related to leases for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	Six months ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	6,014	$	5,671

ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	(5,999)		80,543

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities $ 5,671

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations 80,543

Lease term and discount rate information related to operating leases were as follows as of the dates ~~indicated (amounts in thousands):~~indicated:



	~~June 30, 2019~~
~~Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)~~
~~Operating leases~~	11
~~Weighted-average discount rate~~
~~Operating leases~~	~~4.96~~	%


	June 30,
	2020		2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	9.5		11.0


Weighted-average discount rate	4.82	%	4.96	%

Maturities of lease liabilities at June 30, 2020 are as follows for the following periods (amounts in thousands):

Operating Leases
For the six months ending December 31, 2019 $ 5,854
For the year ending December 31, 2020 11,779
For the year ending December 31, 2021 11,319
For the year ending December 31, 2022 9,277
For the year ending December 31, 2023 7,099
Thereafter 55,411
Total lease payments 100,739
Less imputed interest (23,989 )
Total $ 76,750

As previously disclosed in the 2018 Form 10-K and under the previous lease accounting standard (which excludes the impact of the Company's intent to exercise renewal options as required by ASU 2016-02), future minimum lease payments for operating leases at December 31, 2018, are as follows for the years ending December 31, (amounts in thousands):


	Operating Leases
For the six months ending December 31, 2020	$	5,860
For the year ending December 31, 2021	11,338
For the year ending December 31, 2022	9,320
For the year ending December 31, 2023	7,141
For the year ending December 31, 2024	6,336
Thereafter	38,919
Total lease payments	$	78,914
Less imputed interest	16,208
Total	$	62,706

2019 $ 11,470
2020 11,451
2021 10,809
2022 7,287
2023 6,189
Thereafter 7,866
Total future minimum lease payments $ 55,072

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

6.7. Borrowings:

The Company's borrowings consisted of the following as of the dates indicated (amounts in thousands):

June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Revolving credit $ 1,602,350
$ 1,160,161
Term loans 430,000
740,551
Convertible senior notes 632,500
632,500
2,664,850
2,533,212
Less: Debt discount and issuance costs (46,468 ) (59,556 )
Total $ 2,618,382
$ 2,473,656


	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Americas revolving credit	$	558,103	$	772,037
Europe revolving credit	999,971		1,017,465

Term loan	420,000		425,000


Convertible senior notes	632,500		632,500
	2,610,574		2,847,002
Less: Debt discount and issuance costs	(30,506)		(38,577)
Total	$	2,580,068	$	2,808,425

The following principal payments are due on the Company's borrowings as of June 30, ~~2019~~2020 for the 12-month periods ending June 30, (amounts in thousands):

2020 $ 10,000
2021 1,239,550
2022 1,070,300
2023 345,000
2024 and thereafter —
Total $ 2,664,850


2021	$	298,468
2022	966,715
2023	1,345,391



Total	$	2,610,574

The Company ~~believes~~determined that it was in compliance with the covenants of its financing arrangements as of June 30, ~~2019.~~2020.

North American Revolving Credit and Term Loan

On May 5, 2017, the Company amended and restated its existing credit agreement (as amended, and modified from time to time, the “North American Credit Agreement”) with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, Bank of America, National Association, acting through its Canada branch, as the Canadian administrative agent, and a syndicate of lenders named therein. On May 6, 2020, the Company entered into the Second Amendment to the North American Credit Agreement.

The total credit facility under the North American Credit Agreement includes an aggregate principal amount of ~~$1.6 billion~~$1,538.0 million (subject to compliance with a borrowing base and applicable debt covenants), which consists of (i) a fully-funded ~~$430.0~~$420.0 million term loan, (ii) a $1,068.0 million domestic revolving credit facility, and (iii) a $50.0 million Canadian revolving credit facility. The facility includes an accordion feature for up to $500.0 million in additional commitments (at the option of the lender) and also provides for up to $25.0 million of letters of credit and a $25.0 million swingline loan sublimit that would reduce amounts available for borrowing. The term and revolving loans accrue interest, at the option of the Company, at either the base rate or the Eurodollar rate (as defined in the North American Credit Agreement), for the applicable term plus 2.50% per annum in the case of the Eurodollar rate loans and 1.50% in the case of the base rate ~~loans.~~loans (unless the ERC Advance Rate Increase Period event, as defined in the North American Credit Agreement, triggers an additional 55 basis points that would be added to the margin). The base rate is the highest of (a) the Federal Funds Rate (as defined in the North American Credit Agreement) plus 0.50%, (b) Bank of America's prime rate, or (c) the one-month Eurodollar rate plus 1.00%. Canadian Prime Rate Loans ~~will~~ bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Canadian Prime Rate plus 1.50% (unless the ERC Advance Rate Increase Period event, as defined in the North American Credit Agreement, triggers an additional 55 basis points that would be added to the margin). The revolving loans within the credit facility are subject to a 1% floor. The revolving credit facilities also bear an unused line fee of 0.375% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears. The loans under the North American Credit Agreement mature May 5, 2022. As of June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the ~~outstanding balance under~~unused portion of the North American Credit Agreement was ~~$1,090.3 million and the unused portion was $457.7~~$562.3 million. Considering borrowing base restrictions, as of June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the amount available to be drawn was ~~$273.3~~$313.6 million.

The North American Credit Agreement is secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the Company's North American assets. The North American Credit Agreement contains restrictive covenants and events of default including the following:

•borrowings under each of the domestic revolving loan facility and the Canadian revolving loan facility are subject to borrowing base calculations and may not exceed 35% of the ERC through July 30, 2020 on all domestic or Canadian, as applicable, Core eligible pools. On July 31, 2020, the ERC borrowing base limit will increase to 40% until January 31, 2021. If the ERC advance rate drops back to 35% or below during this period, the ERC borrowing base will return to 35%.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

•provided no ERC increase has occurred, after January 31, 2021, borrowings under each of the domestic revolving loan facility and the Canadian revolving loan facility are subject to separate borrowing base calculations and may not exceed ~~35%~~55% of the ERC of all ~~domestic or Canadian, as applicable, core eligible asset pools, plus 55% of ERC of~~ domestic or Canadian, as applicable, insolvency eligible asset pools, plus 75% of domestic or Canadian, as applicable, eligible accounts receivable;

•the consolidated total leverage ratio cannot exceed 2.75 to 1.0 as of the end of ~~any fiscal quarter;~~June 30, 2020. After June 30, 2020 through December 31, 2020 the limit will increase to 3.25 to 1.0. Ending after December 31, 2020, the limit will decrease to 3.0 until maturity;

•the consolidated senior secured leverage ratio cannot exceed ~~2.25~~2.75 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal ~~quarter;~~quarter until March 31, 2021. On March 31, 2021, the senior secured leverage ratio will decrease to 2.25 to 1.0 until maturity;

•subject to no default or event of default, cash dividends and distributions during any fiscal year cannot exceed $20.0 million;

•subject to no default or event of default, stock repurchases during any fiscal year cannot exceed $100.0 million plus 50% of the prior year's consolidated net income;

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

•permitted acquisitions during any fiscal year cannot exceed $250.0 million (with a $50.0 million per year sublimit for permitted acquisitions by non-loan parties);

•indebtedness in the form of senior, unsecured convertible notes or other unsecured financings cannot exceed $750.0 million in the aggregate (without respect to the 2020 ~~Notes (as defined below))~~Notes);

•the Company must maintain positive consolidated income from operations during any fiscal quarter; and

•restrictions on changes in control.

European Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan

On October 23, 2014, European subsidiaries of the Company ("PRA Europe") entered into a credit agreement with DNB Bank ASA for a Multicurrency Revolving Credit Facility (such agreement as later amended or modified, the "European Credit Agreement"). In the first quarter of ~~2019,~~2020, the Company entered into the ~~Fifth~~Sixth Amendment and Restatement Agreement to its European Credit Agreement which, among other things, ~~merged~~increased the ~~term loan facility with~~total commitments by $200.0 million, extended the ~~revolving credit facility and increased all applicable margins for~~majority of the ~~interest payable under the multicurrency revolving credit~~ facility by ~~5 basis points.~~2 years and includes an accordion feature of no less than $50.0 million not to exceed $500.0 million, to allow for future increases.

Under the terms of the European Credit Agreement, the credit facility includes an aggregate amount of ~~approximately $1.1 billion~~$1,300.0 million (subject to the borrowing base), accrues interest at the Interbank Offered Rate ("IBOR") plus 2.70% - 3.80% (as determined by the ~~loan-to-value~~estimated remaining collections ratio ("~~LTV~~ERC Ratio") as defined in the European Credit Agreement), bears an unused line fee, currently 1.23% per annum, ofor 35% of the margin, is payable monthly in arrears, and matures February 19, ~~2021.~~2023. The European Credit Agreement also includes an overdraft facility in the aggregate amount of $40.0 million (subject to the borrowing base), which accrues interest (per currency) at the daily rates as published by the facility agent, bears a facility line fee of 0.125% per quarter, payable quarterly in arrears, and matures February 19, ~~2021.~~2023. As of June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the ~~outstanding balance under~~unused portion of the European Credit Agreement ~~was $942.0 million and the unused portion~~ (including the overdraft facility) was ~~$198.0~~$340.0 million. Considering borrowing base restrictions and other covenants, as of June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the amount available to be drawn under the European Credit Agreement (including the overdraft facility) was ~~$110.1~~$97.4 million.

The European Credit Agreement is secured by the shares of most of the Company's European subsidiaries and all intercompany ~~loan receivables~~loans receivable in Europe. The European Credit Agreement ~~also~~ contains restrictive covenants and events of default including the following:

•the ~~LTV~~ERC Ratio cannot exceed ~~75%~~45%;

•the gross interest-bearing debt ratio in Europe cannot exceed 3.25 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal quarter;

•interest bearing deposits in AK Nordic AB cannot exceed SEK 1.2 billion; and

•PRA Europe's cash collections must meet certain thresholds, measured on a quarterly basis.

Colombian Revolving Credit Facility

PRA Group Colombia Holding SAS, a subsidiary of the Company in Colombia, has a credit agreement that provides for borrowings in an aggregate amount of approximately $5.4 million. As of June 30, 2020, the outstanding balance under the credit agreement was $2.4 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 7.13%. The outstanding balance accrues interest at the Indicador Bancario de Referencia rate ("IBR") plus a weighted average spread of 2.74%, is payable quarterly in arrears, amortizes quarterly, and matures on October 17, 2022 (per the credit agreement, maturity represents three years from the last draw). This credit facility is fully collateralized using time deposits with the lender that are subject to certain limitations regarding withdrawal and usage and are included within other assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2020, the unused portion of the Colombia Credit Agreement was approximately $3.0 million.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Convertible Senior Notes due 2020

On August 13, 2013, the Company completed the private offering of $287.5 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.00% Convertible Senior Notes due August 1, 2020 (the "2020 Notes"). The 2020 Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture, dated August 13, 2013 (the "2013 Indenture"), between the Company and Regions Bank, as successor trustee. The 2013 Indenture contains customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default after which the 2020 Notes may be due and payable immediately. The 2020 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company. Interest on the 2020 Notes is payable semi-annually, in arrears, on February 1 and August 1 of each ~~year, beginning on February 1, 2014.~~year. Prior to February 1, 2020, the 2020 Notes ~~will be~~were convertible only upon the occurrence of specified events. ~~On or after February 1,~~As of June 30, 2020 the 2020 Notes ~~will be~~are convertible at any time. The Company does not have the right to redeem the 2020 Notes prior to maturity. As of June 30, 2019, the Company does not believe that any of the conditions allowing holders of the 2020 Notes to convert their notes have occurred.

The conversion rate for the 2020 Notes is initially 15.2172 shares per $1,000 principal amount of 2020 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $65.72 per share of the Company's common stock, and is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances pursuant to the 2013 Indenture. Upon conversion, holders of the 2020 Notes will receive cash, shares of the Company's common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock, at the Company's election. The Company's intent is to settle conversions through combination settlement (i.e., the 2020 Notes would be converted into cash up to the aggregate principal amount, and shares of the Company's common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock, at the Company's election, for the remainder). As a result and in accordance with authoritative guidance related to derivatives and hedging and earnings per share, only the conversion spread is included in the diluted earnings per share calculation, if dilutive. Under such method, the settlement of the conversion spread has a dilutive effect when the average share price of the Company's common stock during any quarter exceeds $65.72.

The Company determined that the fair value of the 2020 Notes at the date of issuance was approximately $255.3 million, and designated the residual value of approximately $32.2 million as the equity component. Additionally, the Company allocated

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

approximately $7.3 million of the $8.2 million 2020 Notes issuance cost as debt issuance cost and the remaining $0.9 million as equity issuance cost.

The 2020 Notes matured on August 1, 2020. For more information refer to Note 15.

Convertible Senior Notes due 2023

On May 26, 2017, the Company completed the private offering of $345.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.50% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2023 (the "2023 Notes" and, together with the 2020 Notes, the "Notes"). The 2023 Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture, dated May 26, 2017 (the "2017 Indenture"), between the Company and Regions Bank, as trustee. The 2017 Indenture contains customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default after which the 2023 Notes may be due and payable immediately. The 2023 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company. Interest on the 2023 Notes is payable semi-annually, in arrears, on June 1 and December 1 of each ~~year, beginning on December 1, 2017.~~year. Prior to March 1, 2023, the 2023 Notes will be convertible only upon the occurrence of specified events. On or after March 1, 2023, the 2023 Notes will be convertible at any time. The Company has the right, at its election, to redeem all or any part of the outstanding 2023 Notes at any time on or after June 1, 2021 for cash, but only if the last reported sale price (as defined in the 2017 Indenture) exceeds 130% of the conversion price on each of at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on and including the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice. As of June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company does not believe that any of the conditions allowing holders of the 2023 Notes to convert their notes have occurred.

The conversion rate for the 2023 Notes is initially 21.6275 shares per $1,000 principal amount of 2023 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $46.24 per share of the Company's common stock, and is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances pursuant to the 2017 Indenture. Upon conversion, holders of the 2023 Notes will receive cash, shares of the Company's common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock, at the Company's election. The Company's intent is to settle conversions through combination settlement (i.e., the 2023 Notes would be converted into cash up to the aggregate principal amount, and shares of the Company's common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock, at the Company's election, for the remainder). As a result and in accordance with authoritative guidance related to derivatives and hedging and earnings per share, only the conversion spread is included in the diluted earnings per share calculation, if dilutive. Under such method, the settlement of the conversion spread has a dilutive effect when the average share price of the Company's common stock during any quarter exceeds $46.24.

The Company determined that the fair value of the 2023 Notes at the date of issuance was approximately $298.8 million, and designated the residual value of approximately $46.2 million as the equity component. Additionally, the Company allocated approximately $8.3 million of the $9.6 million 2023 Notes issuance cost as debt issuance cost and the remaining $1.3 million as equity issuance cost.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The balances of the liability and equity components of the Notes outstanding were as follows as of the dates indicated (amounts in thousands):

June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Liability component - principal amount $ 632,500
$ 632,500
Unamortized debt discount (37,699 ) (43,812 )
Liability component - net carrying amount $ 594,801
$ 588,688
Equity component $ 76,216
$ 76,216


	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Liability component - principal amount	$	632,500	$	632,500
Unamortized debt discount	(24,950)		(31,414)
Liability component - net carrying amount	$	607,550	$	601,086
Equity component	$	76,216	$	76,216

The debt discount is being amortized into interest expense over the remaining life of the 2020 Notes and the 2023 Notes using the effective interest rate, which is 4.92% and 6.20%, respectively.

Interest expense related to the Notes was as follows for the periods indicated (amounts in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Interest expense - stated coupon rate $ 5,175
$ 5,175
$ 10,350
$ 10,350
Interest expense - amortization of debt discount 3,071
2,904
6,113
5,781
Total interest expense - convertible senior notes $ 8,246

$ 8,079
$ 16,463
$ 16,131


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest expense - stated coupon rate	$	5,175	$	5,175	$	10,350	$	10,350
Interest expense - amortization of debt discount	3,247		3,071		6,464		6,113
Total interest expense - convertible senior notes	$	8,422	$	8,246	$	16,814	$	16,463

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

7.8. Derivatives:

The Company periodically enters into derivative financial instruments, typically interest rate swap agreements, interest rate caps, and foreign currency contracts to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on variable-rate debt and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company does not utilize derivative financial instruments with a level of complexity or with a risk greater than the exposure to be managed nor does it enter into or hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. The Company periodically reviews the creditworthiness of the ~~swap~~ counterparty to assess the counterparty’s ability to honor its obligation. Counterparty default would expose the Company to fluctuations in interest and currency rates. Derivative financial instruments are recognized at fair value in the ~~consolidated balance sheets,~~Consolidated Balance Sheets, in accordance with the guidance of ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”).

The following table summarizes the fair value of derivative instruments in the ~~consolidated balance sheets~~Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the dates indicated (amounts in thousands):

June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Balance Sheet Location Fair Value Balance Sheet Location Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts Other assets $ 3
Other assets $ 44
Interest rate contracts Other liabilities 17,983
Other liabilities —
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts Other assets 373
Other assets 2,555
Foreign currency contracts Other liabilities 3,188
Other liabilities —
Interest rate contracts Other assets 746
Other assets 735
Interest rate contracts Other liabilities 33
Other liabilities —

June 30, 2020

December 31, 2019

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:

Interest rate contracts

Other assets

—

Other assets

323

Interest rate contracts

Other liabilities

48,279

Other liabilities

17,807

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

Foreign currency contracts

Other assets

1,804

Other assets

552

Foreign currency contracts

Other liabilities

17,858

Other liabilities

5,856

Derivatives ~~designated~~Designated as ~~hedging instruments:~~Hedging Instruments:

Changes in fair value of derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments are recognized in other comprehensive income ("OCI"). As of June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the notional amount of interest rate contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments was ~~$811.9~~$910.8 million and ~~$260.8~~$959.0 million, respectively. Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments were evaluated and remain highly effective at June 30, ~~2019.~~2020 and have initial terms of one to six years. The Company estimates that approximately ~~$2.4~~$9.9 million of net derivative ~~gain (loss)~~loss included in OCI will be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes the effects of derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments on the consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 (amounts in thousands):

Gain or (loss) recognized in OCI, net of tax
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments 2019 2018 2019 2018
Interest rate contracts $ (8,121 ) $ —
$ (13,915 ) $ —

Gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI into income
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
Location of gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI into income 2019 2018 2019 2018
Interest expense, net $ (119 ) $ —
$ (198 ) $ —


	Gain or (loss) recognized in OCI, net of tax
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest rate contracts	$	(5,515)	$	(8,121)	$	(26,865)	$	(13,915)

	Gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI into income
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
Location of gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI into income	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest expense, net	$	(2,301)	$	(119)	$	(3,313)	$	(198)

Derivatives ~~not designated~~Not Designated as ~~hedging instruments:~~Hedging Instruments:

Changes in fair value of derivative contracts not designated as hedging instruments are recognized in earnings. ~~As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the notional amount of interest rate contracts not designated as hedging instruments was $82.0 million and $169.7 million, respectively.~~ The Company also enters into foreign currency contracts to economically hedge the foreign currency re-measurement exposure related to certain balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity. As of June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the notional amount of foreign currency contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments was ~~$286.6~~$455.6 million and ~~$144.7~~$469.9 million, respectively.

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

The following table summarizes the effects of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Company’s ~~consolidated income statements~~Consolidated Income Statements for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 (amounts in thousands):

Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income
Three Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Location of gain or (loss) recognized in income 2019 2018
Foreign currency contracts Foreign exchange gain/(loss) $ (2,415 ) $ —
Foreign currency contracts Interest expense, net (1,487 ) —
Interest rate contracts Interest expense, net (158 ) (972 )

Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income
Six Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Location of gain or (loss) recognized in income 2019 2018
Foreign currency contracts Foreign exchange gain/(loss) $ (7,671 ) $ —
Foreign currency contracts Interest expense, net (1,487 ) —
Interest rate contracts Interest expense, net (507 ) 2,701


		Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income
		Three Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Location of gain or (loss) recognized in income	2020		2019
Foreign currency contracts	Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	$	(1,629)	$	(2,415)
Foreign currency contracts	Interest expense, net	(812)		(1,487)
Interest rate contracts	Interest expense, net	—		(158)

		Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income
		Six Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Location of gain or (loss) recognized in income	2020		2019
Foreign currency contracts	Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	$	25,157	$	(7,671)
Foreign currency contracts	Interest expense, net	(1,813)		(1,487)
Interest rate contracts	Interest expense, net	—		(507)

8.9. Fair Value:

As defined by ASC Topic 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures" ("ASC 820"), fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 requires the consideration of differing levels of inputs in the determination of fair values.

Those levels of input are summarized as follows:

•Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

•Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Financial Instruments Not Required ~~to be~~To Be Carried at Fair Value

In accordance with the disclosure requirements of ASC Topic 825, "Financial Instruments" ("ASC 825"), the table below summarizes fair value estimates for the Company's financial instruments that are not required to be carried at fair value. The total of the fair value calculations presented does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company.

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

The carrying amounts ~~of the financial instruments~~ in the ~~following~~ table are recorded in the ~~consolidated balance sheets~~Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (amounts in thousands):

June 30, 2019
December 31, 2018
Carrying
Amount Estimated
Fair Value Carrying
Amount Estimated
Fair Value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 105,496
$ 105,496
$ 98,695
$ 98,695
Finance receivables, net 3,230,949
3,615,728
3,084,777
3,410,475
Financial liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits 107,840
107,840
82,666
82,666
Revolving lines of credit 1,602,350
1,602,350
1,160,161
1,160,161
Term loans 430,000
430,000
740,551
740,551
Convertible senior notes 594,801
608,097
588,688
557,122


	June 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	115,741	$	115,741	$	119,774	$	119,774


Finance receivables, net	3,351,532		3,426,048		3,514,165		3,645,610
Financial liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits	120,520		120,520		106,246		106,246
Revolving lines of credit	1,558,074		1,558,074		1,789,502		1,789,502
Term loan	420,000		420,000		425,000		425,000

Convertible senior notes	607,550		642,499		601,086		648,968

Disclosure of the estimated fair values of financial instruments often requires the use of estimates. The carrying amount and estimates of the fair value of the Company's debt obligations outlined above do not include any related debt issuance costs associated with the debt obligations. The Company uses the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amount approximates fair value and quoted prices for identical assets can be found in active markets. Accordingly, the Company estimates the fair value of cash and cash equivalents using Level 1 inputs.

Finance receivables, net: The Company ~~computed~~estimates the ~~estimated~~ fair value of these receivables using proprietary pricing models that the Company utilizes to make portfolio ~~purchase~~acquisition decisions. Accordingly, the Company's fair value estimates use Level 3 inputs as there is ~~limited~~little observable market data available and management is required to use significant judgment in its estimates.

Interest-bearing deposits: The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the deposits and the observable quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 2 inputs for its fair value estimates.

Revolving lines of credit: The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the interest rate periods and the observable quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 2 inputs for its fair value estimates.

Term ~~loans:~~loan: The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the interest rate periods and the observable quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 2 inputs for its fair value ~~estimates.~~estimate.

Convertible senior notes: The fair value estimates for the Notes incorporate quoted market prices which were obtained from secondary market broker quotes ~~and~~which were derived from a variety of inputs including client orders, information from their pricing vendors, modeling software, and actual trading prices when they occur. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 2 inputs for its fair value estimates. Furthermore, in the table above, carrying amount represents the portion of the Notes classified as debt, while estimated fair value pertains to the face amount of the Notes.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Instruments Required ~~to be~~To Be Carried atAt Fair Value

The carrying amounts in the following table are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the accompanying ~~consolidated balance sheets~~Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (amounts in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2019
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Available-for-sale investments
Government bonds $ 5,201
$ —
$ —
$ 5,201
Fair value through net income
Mutual funds 62,678
—
—
62,678
Derivative contracts (recorded in other assets) —
1,122
—
1,122
Liabilities:
Derivative contracts (recorded in other liabilities) —
21,204
—
21,204
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2018
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Available-for-sale investments
Government bonds $ 5,077
$ —
$ —
$ 5,077
Fair value through net income
Mutual funds 21,753
—
—
21,753
Derivative contracts (recorded in other assets) —
3,334
—
3,334


	Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:

Available-for-sale investments
Government bonds	$	4,767	$	—	$	—	$	4,767
Fair value through net income
Mutual funds	743		—		—		743
Derivative contracts (recorded in other assets)	—		1,804		—		1,804
Liabilities:
Derivative contracts (recorded in other liabilities)	—		66,137		—		66,137

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:

Available-for-sale investments
Government bonds	$	5,052	$	—	$	—	$	5,052
Fair value through net income
Mutual funds	33,677		—		—		33,677
Derivative contracts (recorded in other assets)	—		875		—		875
Liabilities:
Derivative contracts (recorded in other liabilities)	—		23,663		—		23,663

Available-for-sale investments

Government bonds: Fair value of the Company's investment in government bonds is estimated using quoted market prices. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 1 inputs.

Fair value through net income investments

Mutual funds: Fair value of the Company's investment in mutual funds is estimated using quoted market prices. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 1 inputs.

Derivative contracts: The estimated fair value of the derivative contracts is determined using industry standard valuation models. These models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves and other factors. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 2 inputs for its fair value estimates. Effective in the second quarter of 2018, the Company began to apply hedge accounting to certain of its derivative contracts. By applying hedge accounting, changes in market value are reflected as adjustments in Other Comprehensive Income. The hedges were evaluated and remain highly effective at June 30, 2019 and have initial terms of two to seven years.

Investments measured using net asset value

Private equity funds: This class of investments consists of private equity funds that invest primarily in loans and securities including single-family residential debt; corporate debt products; and financially-oriented, real-estate-rich and other operating companies in the Americas, Western Europe, and Japan. These investments are subject to certain restrictions regarding transfers and withdrawals. The investments cannot be redeemed with the funds. Instead, the nature of the investments in this class is that distributions are received through the liquidation of the underlying assets of the fund. The investments are expected to be returned through distributions as a result of liquidations of the funds' underlying assets over one to ~~six~~five years. The fair value of these private equity funds following the application of the Net Asset Value ("NAV") practical expedient was ~~$7.5~~$5.6 million and ~~$8.0~~$7.2 million as of June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

9.10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss:

The following table provides details about the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive gain/(loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,
Gains and losses on cash flow hedges	2020		2019		Affected line in the consolidated income statement
Interest rate swaps	$	(2,301)	$	(119)	Interest expense, net
Income tax effect of item above	539		—		Income tax expense
Total losses on cash flow hedges	$	(1,762)	$	(119)	Net of tax

	Six Months Ended June 30,
Gains and losses on cash flow hedges	2020		2019		Affected line in the consolidated income statement
Interest rate swaps	$	(3,313)	$	(198)	Interest expense, net
Income tax effect of item above	769		—		Income tax expense
Total losses on cash flow hedges	$	(2,544)	$	(198)	Net of tax

The following table represents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive ~~loss~~gain/(loss) by component, ~~net of~~after tax, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Debt Securities Currency Translation Accumulated Other
Available-for-sale Cash Flow Hedges Adjustments
Comprehensive Loss ⁽¹⁾
Balance at beginning of period $ (38 ) $ (5,671 ) $ (242,812 ) $ (248,521 )
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications, net ⁽¹⁾
37
(8,121 ) 4,362
(3,722 )
Reclassifications, net of tax —
119
—
119
Net current period other comprehensive income/(loss) 37
(8,002 ) 4,362
(3,603 )
Balance at end of period $ (1 ) $ (13,673 ) $ (238,450 ) $ (252,124 )

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Debt Securities Currency Translation Accumulated Other
Available-for-sale Cash Flow Hedges Adjustments
Comprehensive Loss ⁽¹⁾
Balance at beginning of period $ (83 ) $ 44
$ (242,070 ) $ (242,109 )
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications, net ⁽¹⁾
82
(13,915 ) 3,620
(10,213 )
Reclassifications, net of tax —
198
—
198
Net current period other comprehensive income/(loss) 82
(13,717 ) 3,620
(10,015 )
Balance at end of period $ (1 ) $ (13,673 ) $ (238,450 ) $ (252,124 )


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Debt Securities		Cash Flow		Currency Translation		Accumulated Other
	Available-for-sale		Hedges		Adjustments		Comprehensive Loss ⁽¹⁾
Ending balance at March 31, 2020	$	126	$	(33,656)	$	(342,087)	$	(375,617)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	51		(5,515)		32,107		26,643
Reclassifications, net	—		1,762		—		1,762
Net current period other comprehensive loss	51		(3,753)		32,107		28,405
Ending balance at June 30, 2020	$	177	$	(37,409)	$	(309,980)	$	(347,212)

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Debt Securities		Cash Flow		Currency Translation		Accumulated Other
	Available-for-sale		Hedges		Adjustments		Comprehensive Loss⁽¹⁾
Ending balance at March 31, 2019	$	(38)	$	(5,671)	$	(242,812)	$	(248,521)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	37		(8,121)		4,362		(3,722)
Reclassifications, net	—		119		—		119
Net current period other comprehensive loss	37		(8,002)		4,362		(3,603)
Ending balance at June 30, 2019	$	(1)	$	(13,673)	$	(238,450)	$	(252,124)

(1) ~~Net~~For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, net of deferred taxes for unrealized losses from cash flow hedges ~~of $4.5~~were $0.7 million ~~at June 30, 2019.~~and $2.8 million, respectively.

~~10.~~

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Debt Securities		Cash Flow		Currency Translation		Accumulated Other
	Available-for-sale		Hedges		Adjustments		Comprehensive Loss ⁽²⁾
Ending balance at December 31, 2019	$	(44)	$	(13,088)	$	(247,886)	$	(261,018)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	221		(26,865)		(62,094)		(88,738)
Reclassifications, net	—		2,544		—		2,544
Net current period other comprehensive loss	221		(24,321)		(62,094)		(86,194)
Ending balance at June 30, 2020	$	177	$	(37,409)	$	(309,980)	$	(347,212)

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Debt Securities		Cash Flow		Currency Translation		Accumulated Other
	Available-for-sale		Hedges		Adjustments		Comprehensive Loss⁽²⁾
Ending balance December 31, 2018	$	(83)	$	44	$	(242,070)	$	(242,109)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	82		(13,915)		3,620		(10,213)
Reclassifications, net	—		198		—		198
Net current period other comprehensive loss	82		(13,717)		3,620		(10,015)
Ending balance June 30, 2019	$	(1)	$	(13,673)	$	(238,450)	$	(252,124)
(2) For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, net of deferred taxes for unrealized losses from cash flow hedges were $10.7 million and $4.5 million, respectively.

11. Earnings per Share:

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") are computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders of PRA Group, Inc. by weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS are computed using the same components as basic EPS with the denominator adjusted for the dilutive effect of the Notes and nonvested share awards, if dilutive. ~~For the Notes, only the conversion spread is included in the diluted EPS calculation, if dilutive. Under such method, the settlement~~There has been no dilutive effect of the conversion spread has a dilutive effect when the average share price of the Company's common stock during any quarter exceeds $65.72 for the 2020 Notes or $46.24 for the 2023 Notes, neither of which occurred during the respective periods from which the Notes were issuedconvertible senior notes since issuance through June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. Share-based awards that are contingent upon the attainment of performance goals are included in the computation of diluted EPS if the effect is dilutive. The dilutive effect of nonvested shares is computed using the treasury stock method, which assumes any proceeds that could be obtained upon the vesting of nonvested shares would be used to purchase common shares at the average market price for the period.

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

The following table provides a reconciliation between the computation of basic EPS and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):


	For the Three Months Ended June 30,												For the Three Months Ended June 30,
	2019						2018						2020								2019
	Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS			Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS			Net Income Attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS		Net Income Attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS
Basic EPS	$	18,619	45,387	$	0.41		$	19,588	45,283	$	0.43	Basic EPS	$	57,914	45,548	$	1.27	$	18,619	45,387	$	0.41
Dilutive effect of nonvested share awards			108	—					166	—		Dilutive effect of nonvested share awards			439	(0.01)				108	—
Diluted EPS	$	18,619	45,495	$	0.41		$	19,588	45,449	$	0.43	Diluted EPS	$	57,914	45,987	$	1.26	$	18,619	45,495	$	0.41

	For the Six Months Ended June 30,												For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019						2018						2020								2019
	Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS			Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS			Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS		Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS
Basic EPS	$	33,846	45,363	$	0.75		$	40,694	45,257	$	0.90	Basic EPS	$	77,049	45,500	$	1.69	$	33,846	45,363	$	0.75
Dilutive effect of nonvested share awards			94	(0.01		)			153	—		Dilutive effect of nonvested share awards			386	(0.01)				94	(0.01)
Diluted EPS	$	33,846	45,457	$	0.74		$	40,694	45,410	$	0.90	Diluted EPS	$	77,049	45,886	$	1.68	$	33,846	45,457	$	0.74

There were no0 antidilutive options outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018.~~2019.

~~11.~~

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

12. Income Taxes:

The Company follows the guidance of FASB ASC Topic 740 "Income Taxes" ("ASC 740") as it relates to the provision for income taxes and uncertainty in income taxes. The guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

On May 10, 2017, the Company reached a settlement with the Internal Revenue Service ~~in regards to its~~("IRS") regarding the IRS assertion that tax revenue recognition using the cost recovery method did not clearly reflect taxable income. In accordance with the settlement, the Company changed its tax accounting method used to recognize finance receivables revenue effective with tax year 2017. Under the new method, a portion of the annual collections amortizes principal and the remaining portion is taxable income. The deferred tax liability related to the difference in timing between the new method and the cost recovery method ~~will be~~has been incorporated evenly into the Company’s tax filings over four years effective with tax year ~~2017.~~2017 and ending with tax year 2020. The Company was not required to pay any interest or penalties in connection with the settlement.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act was enacted into U.S. law in response to COVID-19 with varying legislation enacted in many of the countries in which the Company operates. While the Company is continuing to evaluate impact, the Company has implemented the tax payment and filing deferral provisions as applicable on a global basis and does not believe that any of the other provisions will have a material impact to its financial reporting. As tax legislative updates continue to be released, they will be monitored by the Company.

At June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the tax years subject to examination by the major federal, state and international taxing jurisdictions are ~~2014~~2013 and subsequent years.

The Company intends for predominantly all ~~foreign~~international earnings to be indefinitely reinvested in its ~~foreign operations.~~international operations; therefore, the recording of deferred tax liabilities for such unremitted earnings is not required. If ~~foreign~~international earnings were repatriated, the Company may need to accrue and pay taxes, although foreign tax credits may be available to partially reduce U.S. income taxes. The amount of cash on hand related to ~~foreign~~international operations with indefinitely reinvested earnings was ~~$85.0~~$96.7 million and ~~$78.6~~$109.7 million as of June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

~~12.~~13. Commitments and Contingencies:

Employment ~~agreements:~~Agreements:

The Company has entered into employment agreements, most of which expire on December 31, 2020, with all of its U.S. executive officers and with several members of its U.S. senior management group. Such agreements provide for base salary payments as well as potential discretionary bonuses that take into consideration the Company’s overall performance against its ~~short-~~short and long-term financial and strategic objectives. At June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, estimated future compensation under these agreements was approximately ~~$12.0~~$4.0 million. The agreements also contain confidentiality and non-compete provisions. Outside the U.S., employment agreements are in place with employees pursuant to local country regulations. Generally, these agreements do not have expiration dates and therefore it is impractical to estimate the amount of future compensation under these agreements. Accordingly, the future compensation under these agreements is not included in the ~~$12.0~~$4.0 million total above.

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

Forward ~~flow agreements:~~Flow Agreements:

The Company is party to several forward flow agreements that allow for the purchase of nonperforming loans at pre-established prices. The maximum remaining amount to be purchased under forward flow agreements at June 30, ~~2019~~2020, was approximately ~~$713.4~~$383.7 million.

Finance ~~receivables:~~Receivables:

Certain agreements for the purchase of finance receivables portfolios contain provisions that may, in limited circumstances, require the Company to refund a portion or all of the collections subsequently received by the Company on particular accounts. The potential refunds as of the balance sheet date are not considered to be significant.

Litigation and ~~regulatory matters:~~Regulatory Matters:

The Company isand its subsidiaries are from time to time subject to a variety of routine legal and regulatory claims, inquiries and proceedings and regulatory matters, most of which are incidental to the ordinary course of its business. The Company initiates lawsuits against customers and is occasionally countersued by them in such actions. Also, customers, either individually, as members of a class action, or through a governmental entity on behalf of customers, may initiate litigation against the Company in which they allege that the Company has violated a state or federal law in the process of collecting on an

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

account. From time to time, other types of lawsuits are brought against the Company. Additionally, the Company receives subpoenas and other requests or demands for information from regulators or governmental authorities who are investigating the Company's debt collection activities.

The Company accrues for potential liability arising from legal proceedings and regulatory matters when it is probable that such liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. This determination is based upon currently available information for those proceedings in which the Company is involved, taking into account the Company's best estimate of such losses for those cases for which such estimates can be made. The Company's estimate involves significant judgment, given the varying stages of the proceedings (including the fact that many of them are currently in preliminary stages), the number of unresolved issues in many of the proceedings (including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims), and the related uncertainty of the potential outcomes of these proceedings. In making determinations of the likely outcome of pending litigation, the Company considers many factors, including, but not limited to, the nature of the claims, the Company's experience with similar types of claims, the jurisdiction in which the matter is filed, input from outside legal counsel, the likelihood of resolving the matter through alternative mechanisms, the matter's current status and the damages sought or demands made. Accordingly, the Company's estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses could be more than the current estimate.

The Company believes that the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses in excess of the amount accrued for its legal proceedings outstanding at June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, where the range of loss can be estimated, was not material.

In certain legal proceedings, the Company may have recourse to insurance or third-party contractual indemnities to cover all or portions of its litigation expenses, judgments, or settlements. Loss estimates and accruals for potential liability related to legal proceedings are typically exclusive of potential recoveries, if any, under the Company's insurance policies or third-party indemnities. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $1.8 million and $1.0 million in recoveries receivable under the Company's insurance policies or third-party indemnities, respectively. These amounts are included in other receivables, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The matter below, in addition to the matters ~~described below~~disclosed previously in the 2019 Form 10-K, fall outside of the normal parameters of the Company's routine legal proceedings.

~~Multi-State Investigation~~

On November 17, 2015, the Company received civil investigative demands from multiple state Attorney General offices ("AGOs") broadly relating to its U.S. debt collection practices. The Company believes that it has fully cooperated with the investigations and discussed potential resolution of the investigations with the AGOs. In these discussions, the AGOs have taken positions with which the Company disagrees, including positions related to penalties, restitution and/or the adoption of new practices and controls in the conduct of the Company's business. If the Company is unable to resolve its differences with the AGOs, it is possible that one or more individual state AGOs may file claims against the Company. The range of loss, if any, cannot be estimated at this time.

~~Iris Pounds v. Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC~~

On November 21, 2016, Iris Pounds filed suit against the Company in Durham County, North Carolina alleging violations of the North Carolina Prohibited Practices by Collection Agencies Act. The purported class consists of all individuals against whom the Company had obtained a judgment by default in North Carolina on or after October 1, 2009. On December 9, 2016, the Company removed the matter to the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina (the "District Court"). On March 28, 2018, the District Court entered an order remanding the matter to the North Carolina state court which the Fourth

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed on May 17, 2018. On January 11, 2019, the Company filed a motion to compel arbitration with the North Carolina state court. The North Carolina state court denied the Company's motion to compel arbitration and the Company is seeking review of that decision. The range of loss, if any, cannot be estimated at this time due to the uncertainty surrounding liability, class certification and the interpretation of statutory damages.

Telephone Consumer Protection Act ("TCPA") Litigation

On January 25, 2017, the Company ~~resolved~~settled the matter of In Re Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC Telephone Consumer Protection Act Litigation, which consisted of a number of class actions and single plaintiff claims consolidated by order of the Panel for Multi-District Litigation ~~(“MDL”~~("MDL"). While the settlement disposed of a large number of claims, several hundred class members opted out ("Opt-Out Plaintiffs") of that settlement. Many of these Opt-Out Plaintiffs have been consolidated before the MDL appointed court, the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, and are pending a determination on cross-motions for summary judgment. ~~Most~~On July 9, 2020, the Supreme Court of ~~the remaining Opt-Out Plaintiffs are parties to~~ ~~Terrell v. Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC~~ in the United States ~~District Court for~~granted certiorari in the ~~Northern District~~matter of ~~Texas,~~ Facebook v. Duguid to resolve the split between the Circuit Courts of Appeal on the issue of the definition of an Automatic Telephone Dialing System. A decision in that case is expected to be dispositive of many or all TCPA matters currently pending, most of which ~~matter is stayed.~~are now stayed as a result of the grant of certiorari. The range of loss, if any, cannot be estimated at this time due to the uncertainty surrounding liability.

~~13.~~14. Recently Issued Accounting Standards:

Recently issued accounting standards adopted:

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842) Section A - Leases: Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification" ("ASU 2016-02"). ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. In July 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-10, "Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases" and ASU 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements" which among other things, allowed for an alternative transition method which eliminated the requirement to restate the earliest prior period presented in an entity's financial statements. Entities that elected this transition option still adopted the new lease standard using the modified retrospective transition method required by the standard, but they recognized a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption rather than in the earliest period presented. The Company adopted the new leasing standard on January 1, 2019 and as a result recorded operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities of $72.1 million and $75.8 million, respectively. The adoption of the standard did not have any other material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230)" ("ASU 2016-15"). ASU 2016-15 reduces diversity in practice of how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The new guidance clarifies the classification of cash activity related to debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate and bank-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity-method investments, and beneficial interests in securitization transactions. The guidance also describes a predominance principle in which cash flows with aspects of more than one class that cannot be separated should be classified based on the activity that is likely to be the predominant source or use of cash flow. ASU 2016-15 is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The new standard must be adopted using a retrospective transition method. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 in the first quarter of 2019 which had no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, "Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" ("ASU 2018-02"). Under existing U.S. GAAP, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances are recorded as a component of income tax expense in the period in which the law was enacted. When deferred tax balances related to items originally recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are adjusted, certain tax effects become stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded income tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The amendments in this ASU also require certain disclosures about stranded income tax effects. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company’s provisional adjustments recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017 to account for the impact of the Tax Act did not result in stranded tax effects. The Company adopted ASU 2018-02 in the first quarter of 2019 which had no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

~~PRA Group, Inc.~~

~~Notes to Consolidated~~ Financial ~~Statements~~

~~Recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted:~~

~~In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial~~ Instruments - Credit Losses ~~(Topic 326)" ("ASU 2016-13"), which introduces~~

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASC 326 on a ~~new methodology requiring~~prospective basis. Prior to January 1, 2020, substantially all of the measurement of expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 utilizes a lifetime “expected credit loss” measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses for loans, held-to-maturity debt securities and otherCompany's investment in finance receivables measured at amortized cost at the time the financial asset is originated or acquired. This methodology replaces the multiple impairment methods under existing U.S. GAAP, including accounting for purchased credit impaired ("PCI") assets, and introduces the concept of purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) financial assets. The Company's PCI assets currentlywere accounted for under ~~existing U.S GAAP will be accounted~~ASC 310-30. Refer to Note 2 for as PCD financial assets upon adoption of ASU 2016-13. For PCD financial assets, the new methodology requires an entity to present the net amount expected to be collected on the balance sheet. The Company will estimate that amount under the new methodology by reflecting the present value of expected recoveries on the balance sheet using a discounted approachcomprehensive details.

Intangibles - Goodwill and will recognize income over the life of the portfolio at an effective interest rate. Subsequent changes (favorable and unfavorable) in expected cash flows are recognized in earnings by adjusting the present value of the expected recoveries. ASU 2016-13, including the effect of ongoing developments and amendments to the guidance, represents a significant change from existing U.S. GAAP and is expected to result in material changes to the Company’s accounting for its finance receivables. The guidance in ASU 2016-13 will be effective prospectively for the Company as of January 1, 2020. Implementation efforts are underway, including model development, fulfillment of additional data needs for new disclosures and reporting requirements, and drafting of accounting policies.Other

In January 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-04 ~~"Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" ("ASU 2017-04"). ASU 2017-04~~which eliminates Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity ~~should perform~~performs its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity ~~should recognize~~recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

test is necessary. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 ~~is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed after~~on January 1, ~~2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the~~2020 which had no impact ~~of adoption of ASU 2017-04~~ on its consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurement

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” ("ASU 2018-13"). ASU 2018-13 eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 on January 1, 2020 which had no impact to the Company's Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted:

Income Taxes

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments and calculating income taxes in interim periods. Additionally, it adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020 on a prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2019-12 on its consolidated financial statements and expects to adopt January 1, 2021. The Company does not expect adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Investments-Equity Securities

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01 “Investments-Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)-Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815” (“ASU 2020-01”). ASU 2020-01 clarifies that a company should consider observable transactions that require a company to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting under Topic 323, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures, for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative in accordance with Topic 321 immediately before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method. Additionally, it clarifies that, when determining the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options a company should not consider, whether upon settlement or exercise, if the underlying securities would be accounted for under the equity method or fair value option. This standard is effective for ~~all~~public entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, ~~2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted.~~2020. The Company ~~expects~~is evaluating the ~~adoption~~impact of ASU ~~2018-13 will result in additional and modified disclosures in~~2020-01 but does not expect adoption to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference London Inter-bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. ASU 2020-04 is effective immediately for a limited time through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2020-04.

The Company does not expect that any other recently issued accounting pronouncements will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

15. Subsequent Events:

Subsequent to June 30, 2020, the Company repaid, in full, the 2020 Notes. On July 7, 2020, the Company repurchased $21.0 million of the 2020 Notes at a discount plus accrued interest. The remaining $266.5 million aggregate principal amount was repaid, at par, plus accrued interest at maturity in accordance with the terms of the 2013 Indenture. The Company repaid the 2020 Notes primarily using borrowings under the domestic revolving loan facility in the North American Credit Agreement.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements:

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Quarterly Report") contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements, including statements regarding overall cash collection trends, ~~gross margin trends,~~ operating cost trends, liquidity and capital needs and other statements of expectations, beliefs, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends, and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. The risks, uncertainties and assumptions referred to above may include the following:

~~a prolonged economic recovery or~~ •a deterioration in the economic or inflationary environment in the Americas or Europe, including the interest rate environment;

•changes or volatility in the credit or capital markets, which affect our ability to borrow money or raise ~~capital;~~capital, including as a result of the impact of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic;

•our ability to replace our portfolios of nonperforming loans with additional ~~portfolios;~~portfolios sufficient to operate efficiently and profitably;

•our ability to continue to purchase nonperforming loans at appropriate prices;

•our ability to collect sufficient amounts on our nonperforming loans to fund our operations;

•the possibility that we could recognize significant decreases in our estimate of future recoveries on nonperforming loans;

•changes in, or interpretations of, federal, state, local, or ~~foreign~~international laws, including bankruptcy and collection laws, or changes in the administrative practices of various bankruptcy courts, which ~~may impact~~could negatively affect our business or our ability to collect on ~~our~~ nonperforming loans;

•our ability to ~~collect sufficient~~successfully manage the challenges associated with a disease outbreak, including epidemics, pandemics or similar widespread public health concerns, including the COVID-19 pandemic;

•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the markets in which we operate, including business disruptions, unemployment, economic disruption, overall market volatility, and the inability or unwillingness of consumers to pay the amounts ~~on our nonperforming loans;~~owed to us;

~~the possibility that we could incur significant allowance charges on our finance receivables;~~

•changes in or interpretations of, bankruptcy or collection laws that could negatively affect our business, including by causing an increase in certain types of bankruptcy filings involving liquidations, which may cause our collections to decrease;accounting standards and their interpretations;

•our ability to manage risks associated with our international operations;

•changes in tax laws and interpretations regarding earnings of our domestic and ~~foreign~~international operations;

•the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act"), and/or the Coronavirus Aide, Relief and Economic Security Act including interpretations and determinations by tax authorities;

•the possibility that we could incur goodwill or other intangible asset impairment charges;

•adverse effects from the ~~vote by~~exit of the United Kingdom ("UK") ~~to leave~~from the European ~~Union;~~Union ("EU");

~~adverse outcomes in pending litigation or administrative proceedings;~~

•our loss contingency accruals may not be adequate to cover actual losses;

•adverse outcomes in pending litigation or administrative proceedings;

•the possibility that class action suits and other litigation could divert management's attention and increase our expenses;

•the possibility that we could incur business or technology disruptions or cyber incidents;

•disruptions of business operations caused by the underperformance or failure of information technology infrastructure, networks or telephone systems;

•our ability to collect and enforce our nonperforming loans may be limited under federal, state, ~~local~~ and ~~foreign laws;~~international laws, regulations and policies;

•our ability to comply with existing and new regulations of the collection industry, the failure of which could result in penalties, fines, litigation, damage to our reputation, or the suspension or termination of or required modification to our ability to conduct our business;

•investigations, reviews, or enforcement actions by governmental authorities, including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB"), which could result in changes to our business practices, negatively impact our portfolio ~~purchasing~~acquisitions volume, make collection of account balances more difficult or expose us to the risk of fines, penalties, restitution payments, and litigation;

~~the ability of our European operations to comply with the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation;~~

•the possibility that compliance with ~~foreign~~complex and evolving international and United States ("U.S.") laws and regulations that apply to our international operations could increase our cost of doing business in international jurisdictions;

•our ability to ~~raise~~comply with data privacy regulations such as the ~~funds necessary to repurchase the convertible senior notes or to settle conversions in cash;~~General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR");

•our ability to retain, expand, renegotiate or replace our credit facilities and our ability to comply with the covenants under our financing arrangements;

•our ability to raise the funds necessary to repurchase our convertible senior notes or to settle conversions in cash;

•our ability to refinance our indebtedness, including our outstanding convertible senior notes;

•changes in interest or exchange rates, which could reduce our net income, and the possibility that future hedging strategies may not be ~~successful, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition;~~successful;

•the possibility that the adoption of ~~or delays in implementing,~~future accounting standards could negatively impact our ~~results~~business;

•default by or failure of ~~operations~~one or more of our counterparty financial institutions could cause us to incur significant losses;

•uncertainty about the future of the London Inter-Bank Offer Rate ("LIBOR") may adversely affect our business; and ~~financial condition; and~~

•the risk factors discussed herein and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

You should assume that the information appearing in this Quarterly Report is accurate only as of the date it was issued. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

You should carefully consider the factors listed above and review the following "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," as well as the "Risk Factors" section and "Business" section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 ("~~2018~~2019 Form 10-K") and the "Risk Factors" section in Part II, Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 ("2020 First Quarter Form 10-Q").

Our forward-looking statements could be wrong in light of these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions. The future events, developments or results described in, or implied by, this Quarterly Report could turn out to be materially different. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report and you should not expect us to do so.

Investors should also be aware that while we do, from time to time, communicate with securities analysts and others, we do not, by policy, selectively disclose to them any material nonpublic information or other confidential commercial information. Accordingly, investors should not assume that we agree with any statement or report issued by any analyst regardless of the content of the statement or report. We do not, by policy, confirm forecasts or projections issued by others. Thus, to the extent that reports issued by securities analysts contain any projections, forecasts or opinions, such reports are not our responsibility.

Frequently Used Terms

We may use the following terminology throughout this ~~Quarterly Report:~~document:

•"Amortization rate" refers to cash collections applied to principal on finance receivables as a percentage of total cash collections.

•"Buybacks" refers to purchase price refunded by the seller due to the return of ineligible accounts.

•"Cash collections" refers to collections on our owned finance receivables portfolios.

•"Cash receipts" refers to cash collections on our owned finance receivables portfolios plus fee income.

•"Change in expected recoveries" refers to the differences of actual recoveries received when compared to expected recoveries and the net present value of changes in ERC.

•"Core" accounts or portfolios refer to accounts or portfolios that are nonperforming loans and are not in an insolvent status upon ~~purchase.~~acquisition. These accounts are aggregated separately from insolvency accounts.

•"Estimated remaining collections" or "ERC" refers to the sum of all future projected cash collections on our owned finance receivables portfolios.

•"Insolvency" accounts or portfolios refer to accounts or portfolios of receivables that are in an insolvent status when we purchase them and as such are purchased as a pool of insolvent accounts. These accounts include Individual Voluntary Arrangements ("IVAs"), Trust Deeds in the UK, Consumer Proposals in Canada and bankruptcy accounts in the U.S., Canada, Germany and the UK.

•"Negative Allowance" refers to the present value of cash flows expected to be collected on our finance receivables, carried as an asset on the balance sheet.

•"Portfolio acquisitions" refers to all portfolios added as a result of a purchase, but also includes portfolios added as a result of a business acquisition.

•"Portfolio purchases" refers to all portfolios purchased in the normal course of business and excludes those purchased via business acquisitions.

•"Portfolio income" reflects revenue recorded due to the passage of time using the effective interest rate calculated based on the purchase price of portfolios and estimated remaining collections.

•"Principal amortization" refers to cash collections applied to principal on finance receivables.

•"Purchase price" refers to the cash paid to a seller to acquire nonperforming ~~loans, plus~~loans. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 purchase price also included certain capitalized costs ~~less~~and adjustments for buybacks.

•"Purchase price multiple" refers to the total estimated collections (as defined below) on owned finance receivables portfolios divided by purchase price.

•"Recoveries" refers to cash collections plus buybacks and other adjustments.

•"Total estimated collections" or "TEC" refers to ~~cumulative~~ actual cash collections, including cash sales, plus estimated remaining collections on our finance receivables portfolios.

All references in this Quarterly Report to "PRA Group," "our," "we," "us," "the Company" or similar terms are to PRA Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Overview

We are a global financial and business services company with operations in the Americas, Europe and ~~Europe.~~Australia. Our primary business is the purchase, collection and management of portfolios of nonperforming loans.

We are headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia, and as of June 30, ~~2019~~2020, employed ~~4,863~~3,793 full time equivalents. Our shares of common stock are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol ~~"PRAA."~~"PRAA".

COVID-19 Update

The COVID-19 pandemic has continued to adversely impact all countries in which we operate. As a result, we continue to operate in business continuity mode globally. Our business continuity plans seek to minimize disruptions to our global operations while complying with country-specific, federal, state and local laws, regulations and governmental actions related to the pandemic. Impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition have included:

•a reduction in U.S. staffing in mid-March 2020, which returned to almost normal levels by the end of April and remains at these levels;

•an increase in U.S. Core cash collections, which we believe is due to our increased ability to contact customers and customers choosing to use additional discretionary funds to voluntarily resolve their debts;

•a decrease in the volume of U.S. accounts sent through the legal channel, due to our decision to temporarily pause placing accounts into a legal eligible status, along with the closure of courts in many of our European countries, which resulted in decreased legal collection costs;

•decreases in certain expenses such as communications expenses due to mailing decisions made during the COVID-19 pandemic and interruptions in postal mailings and deliveries; and

•decreased portfolio purchases due to deferrals by sellers of nonperforming loan portfolio sales.

Funds generated from operations and from cash collections on finance receivables, together with existing cash, available borrowings under our revolving credit facilities and recent modifications to the terms of those facilities, have been sufficient to finance our operations, planned capital expenditures, forward flow purchase commitments, debt maturities and additional portfolio purchases during the pandemic.

Our analysis of the current and future impact of COVID-19 on our operations is based on management’s constant monitoring of key data and information, including (1) changes in laws, regulations and governmental actions, (2) trends in the macroeconomic environment, consumer behavior and key operational metrics such as cash collections and (3) conditions in the nonperforming loan market. However, we cannot predict the full extent to which COVID-19 will impact our business, results of operations and financial condition due to the numerous evolving factors associated with the pandemic. See Part I, Item 2 “Forward-Looking Statements” and Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in this Form 10-Q for additional information.

Results of Operations

The results of operations include the financial results of the Company and all of ~~its~~our subsidiaries. As of January 1, 2020 we adopted ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses" ("Topic 326") ("ASU 2016-13") and ASU 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses” (“ASU 2019-11”), collectively referred to as "ASC 326", on a prospective basis. Prior period amounts were accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 "Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality" ("ASC 310-30"). For further information refer to Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report. The following table sets forth ~~consolidated income statement~~Consolidated Income Statement amounts as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):


	For the Three Months Ended June 30,														For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020						2019						2020				2019
Revenues:
Portfolio income	$	248,284	91.3	%	$	—	—	%	$	510,306	97.5	%	$	—	—	%
Changes in expected recoveries	19,801		7.3		—		—		6,985		1.3		—		—
Income recognized on finance receivables	—		—		249,219		98.9		—		—		488,055		98.0
Fee income	2,639		1.0		2,707		1.1		4,848		0.9		9,081		1.8
Other revenue	1,186		0.4		131		—		1,555		0.3		798		0.2
Total revenues	271,910		100.0		252,057		100.0		523,694		100.0		497,934		100.0

Net allowance charges	—		—		(1,196)		(0.5)		—		—		(7,291)		(1.5)

Operating expenses:
Compensation and employee services	70,472		25.9		79,808		31.7		145,643		27.8		159,453		32.0
Legal collection fees	13,742		5.1		14,297		5.7		28,314		5.4		27,356		5.5
Legal collection costs	19,507		7.2		33,121		13.1		53,954		10.3		68,350		13.7
Agency fees	10,343		3.8		13,013		5.2		23,719		4.5		27,045		5.4
Outside fees and services	18,683		6.9		16,293		6.5		38,077		7.3		31,541		6.3
Communication	8,812		3.2		10,824		4.3		22,323		4.3		24,025		4.8
Rent and occupancy	4,471		1.6		4,491		1.8		8,955		1.7		8,854		1.8
Depreciation and amortization	4,109		1.5		4,723		1.9		8,193		1.6		9,295		1.9
Other operating expenses	10,491		3.9		10,926		4.3		22,696		4.3		22,511		4.4

Total operating expenses	160,630		59.1		187,496		74.4		351,874		67.2		378,430		76.0

Income from operations	111,280		40.9		63,365		25.1		171,820		32.8		112,213		22.5
Other income and (expense):

Interest expense, net	(35,416)		(13.0)		(36,027)		(14.3)		(72,627)		(13.9)		(70,008)		(14.1)
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	683		0.3		(311)		(0.1)		2,966		0.6		5,953		1.2
Other	(1,582)		(0.6)		248		0.1		(1,658)		(0.3)		(104)		—
Income before income taxes	74,965		27.6		27,275		10.8		100,501		19.2		48,054		9.7
Income tax expense	14,137		5.2		5,075		2.0		17,237		3.3		8,942		1.8
Net income	60,828		22.4		22,200		8.8		83,264		15.9		39,112		7.9
Adjustment for net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	2,914		1.1		3,581		1.4		6,215		1.2		5,266		1.1
Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	57,914	21.3	%	$	18,619	7.4	%	$	77,049	14.7	%	$	33,846	6.8	%

For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Revenues:
Income recognized on finance receivables $ 249,219
98.9 % $ 219,018
98.9 % $ 488,055
98.0 % $ 437,642
98.2 %
Fee income 2,707
1.1
2,342
1.1
9,081
1.8
7,669
1.7
Other revenue 131
—
158
—
798
0.2
315
0.1
Total revenues 252,057
100.0
221,518
100.0
497,934
100.0
445,626
100.0

Net allowance charges (1,196 ) (0.5 ) (2,834 ) (1.3 ) (7,291 ) (1.5 ) (3,759 ) (0.8 )

Operating expenses:
Compensation and employee services 79,808
31.7
80,690
36.4
159,453
32.0
161,927
36.3
Legal collection fees 14,297
5.7
10,343
4.7
27,356
5.5
21,012
4.7
Legal collection costs 33,121
13.1
18,695
8.4
68,350
13.7
40,938
9.2
Agency fees 13,013
5.2
8,138
3.7
27,045
5.4
16,416
3.7
Outside fees and services 16,293
6.5
14,565
6.6
31,541
6.3
28,723
6.5
Communication 10,824
4.3
10,782
4.9
24,025
4.8
22,339
5.0
Rent and occupancy 4,491
1.8
4,003
1.8
8,854
1.8
8,317
1.9
Depreciation and amortization 4,723
1.9
4,525
2.0
9,295
1.9
9,454
2.1
Other operating expenses 10,926
4.3
11,628
5.2
22,511
4.4
23,812
5.4
Total operating expenses 187,496
74.4
163,369
73.7
378,430
76.0
332,938
74.8
Income from operations 63,365
25.1
55,315
25.0
112,213
22.5
108,929
24.4
Other income and (expense):
Interest expense, net (36,027 ) (14.3 ) (31,124 ) (14.1 ) (70,008 ) (14.1 ) (56,905 ) (12.8 )
Foreign exchange (311 ) (0.1 ) 1,690
0.8
5,953
1.2
2,983
0.7
Other 248
0.1
(400 ) (0.2 ) (104 ) —
(157 ) —
Income before income taxes 27,275
10.8
25,481
11.5
48,054
9.7
54,850
12.3
Income tax expense 5,075
2.0
3,857
1.7
8,942
1.8
9,994
2.2
Net income 22,200
8.8
21,624
9.8
39,112
7.9
44,856
10.1
Adjustment for net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 3,581
1.4
2,036
0.9
5,266
1.1
4,162
1.0
Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc. $ 18,619
7.4 % $ 19,588
8.9 % $ 33,846
6.8 % $ 40,694
9.1 %

Three Months Ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 Compared To Three Months Ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019

Cash Collections

Cash collections were as follows for the periods indicated:

For the Three Months Ended June 30, Variance
(Amounts in thousands) 2019 2018 2019 vs. 2018
   Americas-Core $ 294,243
$ 233,752
$ 60,491
   Americas-Insolvency 49,770
56,063
(6,293 )
   Europe-Core 117,635
109,359
8,276
   Europe-Insolvency 8,626
7,460
1,166
Total cash collections $ 470,274
$ 406,634
$ 63,640

Cash collections adjusted ⁽¹⁾
$ 470,274
$ 398,356
$ 71,918
Cash collections on fully amortized pools 13,277
14,624
(1,347 )
Cash collections on cost recovery pools 3,770
7,691
(3,921 )
Net finance receivables on cost recovery at period-end 39,425
80,294
(40,869 )


	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						Changes
(Amounts in thousands)	2020		2019		2020 vs. 2019
Americas Core	$	343,269	$	294,243	$	49,026
Americas Insolvency	38,685		49,770		(11,085)
Europe Core	115,145		117,635		(2,490)
Europe Insolvency	12,841		8,626		4,215
Total cash collections	$	509,940	$	470,274	$	39,666

Cash collections adjusted ⁽¹⁾	$	509,940	$	459,595	$	50,345

(1) Cash collections adjusted refers to ~~2018~~2019 cash collections remeasured using ~~2019~~2020 exchange rates.

Cash collections were $509.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, an increase of $39.7 million, or 8.4%, compared to $470.3 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2019, an increase of $63.7 million or 15.7%, compared to $406.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018.~~2019. The increase was largely due to our U.S. ~~legal collections increasing $28.4 million, or 38.8%, due primarily to the increase in the number of accounts placed in the legal channel, and our U.S.~~ call center and other collections, including increased collections through our digital platform, increasing ~~$17.0~~$59.4 million, or ~~11.8%~~37.0%, primarily due ~~primarily~~ to ~~record~~what we believe to be various circumstances that have provided U.S. ~~Core portfolio purchasing~~consumers with additional discretionary funds and a willingness to voluntarily resolve their debts. The increase was partially offset by an $11.1 million, or 22.3%, decrease in ~~2018. Additionally, our Europe Core~~ cash collections ~~increased $8.3 million or 7.6%, due primarily to elevated portfolio purchasing over the last several quarters and operational improvements that have produced sustained performance. Furthermore,~~for Americas Insolvency, mainly as a result of ~~increased portfolio~~ investment ~~in South America in 2018~~levels not offsetting the runoff of older portfolios and ~~the acquisition of Resurgent Holdings Canada Inc. ("Resurgent")~~a $6.1 million, or 18.8%, decrease in ~~the first quarter of 2019, our Other Americas-Core~~ cash collections ~~increased $15.2~~for Other Americas Core, due to the strengthening of the U.S dollar and investment levels not offsetting the runoff of older portfolios. Furthermore, our U.S. legal collections were slightly lower by $4.3 million, or ~~88.8%. These increases were partially offset by~~4.2%, reflecting a ~~decline of $6.3 million, or 11.2%, in Americas Insolvency cash collections caused mainly by investment volumes~~decision we made to temporarily pause placing accounts into a legal eligible status in the U.S. ~~not offsetting~~as a result of the ~~continued runoff of our older portfolios.~~COVID-19 pandemic. These legal collection activities largely returned to normal operations in June.

Revenues

Total revenues were $252.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $30.6 million, or 13.8%, compared to total revenues of $221.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018.

A summary of our revenue generation during the three months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 is as follows (amounts in thousands):


	For the Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Portfolio income	$	248,284	$	—
Changes in expected recoveries	19,801		—


Income recognized on finance receivables	—		249,219
Fee income	2,639		2,707
Other revenue	1,186		131
Total revenues	$	271,910	$	252,057

For the Three Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018
Cash collections $ 470,274
$ 406,634
Principal amortization (221,055 ) (187,616 )
Income recognized on finance receivables 249,219
219,018
Fee income 2,707
2,342
Other revenue 131
158
Total revenues $ 252,057
$ 221,518

~~Income recognized on finance receivables~~

~~Income recognized on finance receivables was $249.2~~Total revenues were $271.9 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, an increase of ~~$30.2~~$19.8 million, or ~~13.8%~~7.9%, compared to ~~income recognized on finance receivables of $219.0~~$252.1 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The increase was primarily the result of the impact of record U.S. Core purchasing in 2018 and the impact of sustained over-performance on select U.S. Core and Europe Core pools which resulted in yield increases on those pools. Additionally, the increased portfolio investment in South America in 2018 and the acquisition of Resurgentis largely due to significant cash collections overperformance in the ~~first~~ quarter, ~~of 2019 also contributed to the increase. These increases were~~ partially offset by ~~a decline in~~adjustments to our ~~Americas Insolvency revenue caused mainly by investment volumes~~estimated remaining collections to reflect our assumption that the majority of the current quarter overperformance was primarily due to acceleration in the ~~U.S. not offsetting~~timing of cash collections rather than an increase to total expected collections. Additionally, we made forecast adjustments deemed appropriate given the ~~continued runoff of our older portfolios.~~

current environment in which we are operating.

Net Allowance Charges

~~Net~~In 2019, under ASC 310-30, net allowance charges ~~are~~were recorded for significant decreases in expected cash flows or a change in timing of cash flows which would otherwise require a reduction in the stated yield on a pool of accounts. ~~For the three months ended June 30, 2019, we~~Effective January 1, 2020, under ASC 326, changes to expected cash flows are recorded net allowance charges of $1.2 million, consisting of $0.4 million on our Americas Core portfolios and $1.0 million on our European portfolios, partially offset by net allowance reversals of $0.2 million on our Americas Insolvency portfolios. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded net allowance charges of $2.8 million, consisting of net allowance charges of $3.3 million and $0.2 million on our Americas Core and Americas Insolvency portfolios, respectively, and net allowance reversals of $0.7 million on our European Core portfolios.in changes in expected recoveries within revenues.

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses were $160.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $26.9 million, or 14.3%, compared to $187.5 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2019, an increase of $24.1 million or 14.7%, compared to operating~~2019.

Compensation and Employee Services

Compensation and employee services expenses ~~of $163.4~~were $70.5 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~

~~Compensation and employee services~~

~~Compensation and employee services expenses were~~2020, a decrease of $9.3 million, or 11.7%, compared to $79.8 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2019, a decrease of $0.9 million, or 1.1%, compared to $80.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018.~~2019. The decrease in compensation expense was primarily attributable to a reduction in the U.S. call ~~centers~~center workforce ~~as we balance the volume between the legal collection channel~~due to efficiencies realized through technology, training and ~~call centers,~~data and ~~the result of deconsolidating RCB Investimentos S.A. (“RCB”) in December 2018. These decreases were partially offset by higher benefit costs.~~analytics. Total full-time equivalents decreased to 3,793 as of June 30, 2020, from 4,863 as of June 30, ~~2019, compared to 5,747 as of June 30, 2018.~~2019.

Legal ~~collection fees~~Collection Fees

Legal collection fees represent contingent fees incurred for the cash collections generated by our independent third-party attorney network. Legal collection fees were $13.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $0.6 million, or 4.2%, compared to $14.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 primarily due to a slight decrease in external legal cash collections in the U.S.

Legal Collection Costs

Legal collection costs primarily consist of costs paid to courts where a lawsuit is filed for the purpose of attempting to collect on an ~~increase~~account. Legal collection costs were $19.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of ~~$4.0~~$13.6 million, or ~~38.8%~~41.1%, compared to $33.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease primarily reflects a decision we made to temporarily pause placing accounts into a legal eligible status in the U.S., along with the closure of courts in many of our European countries, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These legal collection activities largely returned to normal operations in June.

Agency Fees

Agency fees ofprimarily represent third-party collection fees. Agency fees were $10.3 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~2020, a decrease of $2.7 million, or 20.8%, compared to $13.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was due to lower cash collections in areas outside the U.S. where we utilize third party collection agencies.

Outside Fees and Services

Outside fees and services expenses were $18.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, an increase of $2.4 million, or 14.7%, compared to $16.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher corporate legal expenses and higher fees associated with processing an increased number of debit card transactions due to the increase in cash collections.

Communication

Communication expense primarily represents postage and telephone related expenses incurred as a result of our collection efforts. Communication expenses were $8.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $2.0 million, or 18.5%, compared to $10.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease primarily reflects lower postage costs due to mailing decisions made during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net was $35.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $0.6 million, or 1.7%, compared to $36.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily related to lower levels of outstanding borrowings coupled with lower average interest rates.

Interest expense, net consisted of the following for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):


	For the Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		Change
Interest on debt obligations and unused line fees	$	24,565	$	25,645	$	(1,080)
Coupon interest on convertible debt	5,175		5,175		—
Amortization of convertible debt discount	3,247		3,071		176
Amortization of loan fees and other loan costs	2,743		2,655		88

Interest income	(314)		(519)		205
Interest expense, net	$	35,416	$	36,027	$	(611)

Net Foreign Currency Transaction Gains

Foreign currency transaction gains were $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to foreign currency transaction losses of $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. In any given period, we may incur foreign currency transaction losses from transactions in currencies other than the functional currency.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $14.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, an increase of $9.0 million, or 176.5%, compared to $5.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher income before taxes which increased $47.7 million, or 174.7%. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, our effective tax rate was 18.9%, compared to 18.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 Compared To Six Months Ended June 30, 2019

Cash Collections

Cash collections were as follows for the periods indicated:


	For the Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
(Amounts in thousands)	2020		2019		2020 vs. 2019
Americas-Core	$	649,049	$	584,966	$	64,083
Americas-Insolvency	81,895		94,383		(12,488)
Europe-Core	246,485		234,493		11,992
Europe-Insolvency	27,084		17,603		9,481
Total cash collections	$	1,004,513	$	931,445	$	73,068

Cash collections adjusted ⁽¹⁾	$	1,004,513	$	914,201	$	90,312

(1) Cash collections adjusted refers to 2019 cash collections remeasured using 2020 exchange rates.

Cash collections were $1,004.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, an increase of $73.1 million, or 7.8%, compared to $931.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was largely due to our U.S. call center and other collections, including increased collections through our digital platform, increasing $57.8 million or 17.5%, primarily due to what we believe to be various circumstances that have provided U.S. consumers with additional discretionary funds and a willingness to voluntarily resolve their debts. Additionally, Europe cash collections increased $21.5 million, or 8.5%, reflecting higher 2019 purchases. Furthermore, our U.S. legal collections increased $5.6 million, or 2.8%, mainly due to a higher number of accounts placed in the legal channel in 2019 partially offset by, a decision we made to temporarily pause placing accounts into a legal eligible status in the U.S. as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These legal collection activities largely returned to normal operations in June. These increases were partially offset by a decline of $12.5 million, or 13.2%, in Americas Insolvency cash collections mainly reflectinginvestment levels not offsetting the runoff of older portfolios.

Revenues

A summary of our revenue generation during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows (amounts in thousands):


	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Portfolio income	$	510,306	$	—
Changes in expected recoveries	6,985		—


Income recognized on finance receivables	—		488,055
Fee income	4,848		9,081
Other revenue	1,555		798
Total revenues	$	523,694	$	497,934

Total revenues were $523.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, an increase of $25.8 million, or 5.2%, compared to $497.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was driven primarily by a record level of portfolio purchases in 2019.

Net Allowance Charges

In 2019, under ASC 310-30, net allowance charges were recorded for significant decreases in expected cash flows or a change in timing of cash flows which would otherwise require a reduction in the stated yield on a pool of accounts. Effective January 1, 2020, under ASC 326, changes to expected cash flows are recorded in changes in expected recoveries within revenues.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses were $351.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $26.5 million, or 7.0%, compared to $378.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Compensation and Employee Services

Compensation and employee services expenses were $145.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $13.9 million, or 8.7%, compared to $159.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in compensation expense was primarily attributable to a reduction in U.S. call center workforce due to efficiencies realized through technology, training and data and analytics. Total full-time equivalents decreased to 3,793 as of June 30, 2020, compared to 4,863 as of June 30, 2019.

Legal Collection Fees

Legal collection fees were $28.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, an increase of $0.9 million, or 3.3%, compared to $27.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in external legal cash collections in the U.S. during the first quarter.

Legal ~~collection costs~~Collection Costs

Legal collection costs ~~primarily consist of costs paid to courts where a lawsuit is filed. Legal collection costs~~ were $33.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $14.4 million or 77.0%, compared to legal collection costs of $18.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to additional court costs related to the expansion of the number of accounts placed in the legal channel in the U.S. This expansion is the result of a change in the nature of the accounts purchased, the regulatory environment and consumer behavior.

~~Agency fees~~

Agency fees consist primarily of third-party collection fees incurred outside the U.S. Agency fees were $13.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $4.9 million or 60.5%, compared to $8.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily the result of higher volumes of servicing activity in areas where we utilize third-party collection agencies. Additionally, with the sale of the RCB operating platform, certain expenses in other line items shifted from fixed to variable and are now recorded on the agency fees line.

~~Outside fees and services~~

Outside fees and services expenses were $16.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $1.7 million or 11.6%, compared to outside fees and services expenses of $14.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. This was primarily the result of an increase in payment processing and debit card transaction fees resulting from the expansion of our digital collection efforts.

~~Interest Expense, Net~~

Interest expense, net was $36.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $4.9 million or 15.8%, compared to $31.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher average interest rates paired with higher levels of average borrowings to fund increased portfolio investments.

~~Interest expense, net consisted of the following for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (amounts in thousands):~~

For the Three Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018 Change
Stated interest on debt obligations and unused line fees $ 24,000
$ 20,213
$ 3,787
Coupon interest on convertible debt 5,175
5,175
—
Amortization of convertible debt discount 3,071
2,904
167
Amortization of loan fees and other loan costs 2,655
2,532
123
Change in fair value on derivatives 1,645
972
673
Interest income (519 ) (672 ) 153
Interest expense, net $ 36,027
$ 31,124
$ 4,903

~~Net Foreign Currency Transaction Gains/(Losses)~~

Net foreign currency transaction losses were $(0.3) million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to net foreign currency transaction gains of $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. In any given period, we may incur foreign currency transactions gains or losses from transactions in currencies other than the functional currency and from changes in foreign exchange derivative contracts that were outstanding or settled during the period.

~~Income Tax Expense~~

Income tax expense was $5.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $1.2 million, or 30.8%, compared to $3.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to increases in income before income taxes and our effective tax rate. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, our income before income taxes was $27.3 million, compared to $25.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, our effective tax rate was 18.6%, compared to 15.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was due to new guidance on U.S. tax reform and changes in the mix of projected taxable income between tax jurisdictions partially offset by a decrease in the estimated blended rate for U.S. state taxes due to state apportionment and a decrease in withholding tax accruals.

~~Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared To Six Months Ended June 30, 2018~~

~~Cash Collections~~

~~Cash collections were as follows for the periods indicated:~~

For the Six Months Ended June 30, Variance
(Amounts in thousands) 2019 2018 2019 vs. 2018
   Americas-Core $ 584,966
$ 479,989
$ 104,977
   Americas-Insolvency 94,383
111,343
(16,960 )
   Europe-Core 234,493
227,468
7,025
   Europe-Insolvency 17,603
14,414
3,189
Total cash collections $ 931,445
$ 833,214
$ 98,231

Cash collections adjusted ⁽¹⁾
$ 931,445
$ 813,204
$ 118,241
Cash collections on fully amortized pools 25,361
30,246
(4,885 )
Cash collections on cost recovery pools 7,423
25,215
(17,792 )
Net finance receivables on cost recovery at period-end 39,425
80,294
(40,869 )

~~(1) Cash collections adjusted refers to 2018 cash collections remeasured using 2019 exchange rates.~~

~~Cash collections were $931.4~~$54.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $98.2 million or 11.8%, compared to $833.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was largely due to our U.S. legal collections increasing $50.5 million, or 34.7%, due primarily to the increase in the number of accounts placed in the legal channel, and our U.S. call center and other collections increasing $31.3 million, or 10.5%, due primarily to record U.S. Core portfolio purchasing in 2018. Additionally, our Europe Core cash collections increased $7.0 million or 3.1%, due primarily to elevated portfolio purchasing over the last several quarters and operational improvements that have produced sustained performance. Furthermore, as a result of increased portfolio investment in South America in 2018 and the acquisition of Resurgent in the first quarter of 2019, our Other Americas-Core cash collections increased $23.2 million or 65.3%. These increases were partially offset by a decline of $17.0 million, or 15.2%, in Americas Insolvency cash collections caused mainly by investment volumes in the U.S. not offsetting the continued runoff of our older portfolios.

~~Revenues~~

~~Total revenues were $497.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $52.3 million, or 11.7%, compared to total revenues of $445.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018.~~

~~A summary of our revenue generation during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows (amounts in thousands):~~

For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018
Cash collections $ 931,445
$ 833,214
Principal amortization (443,390 ) (395,572 )
Income recognized on finance receivables 488,055
437,642
Fee income 9,081
7,669
Other revenue 798
315
Total revenues $ 497,934
$ 445,626

~~Income recognized on finance receivables~~

Income recognized on finance receivables was $488.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $50.5 million, or 11.5%, compared to $437.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily the result of the impact of record Americas Core purchasing in 2018 and the impact of sustained over-performance on select Americas Core and Europe Core pools which resulted in yield increases on those pools. Additionally, the increased portfolio investment in South America in 2018 and the acquisition of Resurgent in the first quarter of 2019 also contributed to the increase.These increases were partially offset by a decline in our Americas Insolvency revenue caused mainly by investment volumes in the U.S. not offsetting the continued runoff of our older portfolios.

~~Fee income~~

Fee income was $9.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $1.4 million or 18.2%, compared to $7.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to settlement timing at Claims Compensation Bureau.

~~Net Allowance Charges~~

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded net allowance charges of $7.3 million, consisting of $5.3 million on our Americas Core portfolios, primarily on vintages purchased between 2013-2016, and $2.2 million on our European portfolios. We also recorded net allowance reversals of $0.2 million on our Americas Insolvency portfolios. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded net allowance charges of $3.8 million. On our Americas Core and Insolvency portfolios, we recorded net allowance charges of $2.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively. We also recorded net allowance charges of $0.6 million on our European Core portfolios.

~~Operating Expenses~~

Operating expenses were $378.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $45.5 million or 13.7%, compared to operating expenses of $332.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

~~Compensation and employee services~~

~~Compensation and employee services expenses were $159.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019,~~2020, a decrease of ~~$2.4~~$14.4 million, or 1.5% compared to compensation and employee services expenses of $161.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in compensation expense is primarily attributable to a reduction in U.S. call centers workforce, as we balance the volume between the legal collection channel and call centers, and the result of deconsolidating RCB in December 2018. These decreases were partially offset by higher benefit costs. Total full-time equivalents decreased to 4,863 as of June 30, 2019, compared to 5,747 as of June 30, 2018.

~~Legal collection fees~~

~~Legal collection fees were $27.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $6.4 million, or 30.5%~~21.1%, compared to ~~legal collection fees of $21.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to an increase in external legal cash collections in the U.S.~~

~~Legal collection costs~~

~~Legal collection costs were~~ $68.4 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019, an increase~~2019. The decrease primarily reflects a decision we made to temporarily pause placing accounts into a legal eligible status in the U.S., along with the closure of ~~$27.5 million, or 67.2%, compared to~~courts in many of our European countries, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These legal collection ~~costs of $40.9~~activities largely returned to normal operations in June.

Agency Fees

Agency fees were $23.7 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018. The increase was primarily due~~2020, a decrease of $3.3 million, or 12.2%, compared to additional court costs related to the expansion of the number of accounts placed in the legal channel in the U.S. This expansion is the result of a change in the nature of the accounts purchased, the regulatory environment and consumer behavior.

~~Agency fees~~

~~Agency fees were~~ $27.0 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019, an increase of $10.6 million or 64.6%, compared~~2019. The decrease was primarily due to ~~$16.4~~lower cash collections in areas outside the U.S. where we utilize third party collection agencies.

Outside Fees and Services

Outside fees and services expenses were $38.1 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018. The~~2020, an increase ~~was primarily the result~~ of higher volumes of servicing activity in areas where we utilize third-party collection agencies. Additionally, with the sale of the RCB operating platform, certain expenses in other line items shifted from fixed$6.6 million, or 21.0%, compared to ~~variable and are now recorded on the agency fees line.~~

~~Outside fees and services~~

~~Outside fees and services expenses were~~ $31.5 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019,~~2019. The increase was primarily the result of higher corporate legal expenses and higher fees associated with processing an increased number of debit card transactions due to the increase ~~of $2.8 million, or 9.8%, compared to outside fees and services expenses of $28.7~~in cash collections.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net was $72.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. These increases were primarily the result of a $2.0 million increase in payment processing and debit card transaction fees resulting from the expansion of our digital collection efforts and a $1.3 million increase in audit and other outside professional fees, which were partially offset by a $0.8 million decrease in corporate legal and other litigation expenses.

~~Communication~~

~~Communication expenses were $24.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019,~~2020, an increase of ~~$1.7~~$2.6 million, or ~~7.6%~~3.7%, compared to communication expenses of $22.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. These increases were primarily the result of increased letter and call volume associated with record portfolio purchases in Americas Core in 2018.

~~Interest Expense, Net~~

~~Interest expense, net was~~ $70.0 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019, an increase of $13.1 million or 23.0%, compared to $56.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018.~~2019. The increase was primarily due to higher levels of outstanding borrowings partially offset by lower average interest ~~rates paired with higher levels of average borrowings to fund increased portfolio investments and the impact of changes in the fair value of our derivatives.~~rates.

Interest expense, net consisted of the following for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 (amounts in thousands):


										For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	For the Six Months Ended June 30,									2020		2019		Change
	2019			2018			Change
Stated interest on debt obligations and unused line fees	$	47,397		$	40,256		$	7,141
Interest on debt obligations and unused line fees									Interest on debt obligations and unused line fees	$	51,063	$	49,391	$	1,672
Coupon interest on convertible debt	10,350			10,350			—		Coupon interest on convertible debt	10,350		10,350		—
Amortization of convertible debt discount	6,113			5,781			332		Amortization of convertible debt discount	6,464		6,113		351
Amortization of loan fees and other loan costs	5,291			5,085			206		Amortization of loan fees and other loan costs	5,382		5,291		91
Change in fair value on derivatives	1,994			(2,701		)	4,695

Interest income	(1,137		)	(1,866		)	729		Interest income	(632)		(1,137)		505
Interest expense, net	$	70,008		$	56,905		$	13,103	Interest expense, net	$	72,627	$	70,008	$	2,619

Net Foreign Currency Transaction ~~Gains/(Losses)~~Gains

~~Net foreign~~Foreign currency transaction gains were $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $6.0 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019, compared~~2019. The decrease was primarily related to ~~net~~lower foreign currency ~~transaction~~ gains ~~of $3.0~~in Europe and slightly lower gains on U.S. dollar linked investments held in Brazil during the first quarter.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $17.2 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018. In any given period, we may incur foreign currency transactions gains~~2020, an increase of $8.3 million, or ~~losses from transactions in currencies other than the functional currency and from changes in foreign exchange derivative contracts that were outstanding or settled during the period.~~

~~Income Tax Expense~~

~~Income tax expense was~~93.3%, compared to $8.9 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019, a decrease of $1.1~~2019. The increase was primarily due to higher income before income taxes which increased $52.4 million or ~~11.0%~~108.9%. The increase was partially offset by estimated return to provision adjustments during the first quarter. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, our effective tax rate was 17.2%, compared to ~~$10.0 million~~18.6% for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018.~~2019. The decrease was ~~primarily~~ due to a decrease in income before income taxes partially offset by an increase in our effective tax rate. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, our income before income taxes declined $6.8 million or 12.4%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, our effective tax rate was 18.6%, compared to 18.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was due to new guidance on U.S. tax reform and changes in the mix of ~~projected taxable income~~international earnings between ~~tax jurisdictions partially offset by a decrease in the estimated blended rate for U.S. state taxes due to state apportionment and a decrease in withholding tax accruals.~~

jurisdictions.

Supplemental Performance Data

Finance ~~receivables portfolio performance~~Receivables Portfolio Performance

The following tables show certain data related to our finance receivables portfolios. Certain adjustments, as noted in the footnotes to these tables, have been made to reduce the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on ERC and purchase price multiples.

The accounts represented in the ~~insolvency~~Insolvency tables are those portfolios of accounts that were in an insolvency status at the time of purchase. This contrasts with accounts in our Core portfolios that file for bankruptcy/insolvency protection after we purchase them, which continue to be tracked in their corresponding Core portfolio. Core customers sometimes file for bankruptcy/insolvency protection subsequent to our purchase of the related Core portfolio. When this occurs, we adjust our collection practices to comply with bankruptcy/insolvency rules and procedures; however, for accounting purposes, these accounts remain in the original Core ~~pool.~~portfolio. Insolvency accounts may be dismissed voluntarily or involuntarily subsequent to our purchase of the Insolvency portfolio. Dismissal occurs when the terms of the bankruptcy are not met by the petitioner. When this occurs, we are typically free to pursue collection outside of bankruptcy procedures; however, for accounting purposes, these accounts remain in the original Insolvency pool.

Purchase price multiples can vary over time due to a variety of factors, including pricing competition, supply levels, age of the receivables ~~purchased,~~acquired, and changes in our operational efficiency. For example, increased pricing competition during the 2005 to 2008 period negatively impacted purchase price multiples of our Core portfolio compared to prior years. Conversely, during the 2009 to 2011 period, additional supply occurred as a result of the economic downturn. This created unique and advantageous purchasing opportunities, particularly within the Insolvency market, relative to the prior four years. Purchase price multiples can also vary among types of finance receivables. For example, we generally incur lower collection costs on our Insolvency portfolio compared with our Core portfolio. This allows us, in general, to pay more for an Insolvency portfolio and experience lower purchase price multiples, while generating similar net income margins when compared with a Core portfolio.

When competition increases and/or supply decreases, pricing often becomes negatively impacted relative to expected collections, and yields tend to trend lower. The opposite tends to occur when competition decreases and/or supply increases.

Within a given portfolio type, to the extent that lower purchase price multiples are the result of more competitive pricing and lower net yields, this will generally lead to ~~higher amortization rates and~~ lower profitability. As portfolio pricing becomes more favorable on a relative basis, our profitability will tend to increase. Profitability within given Core portfolio types may also be impacted by the age and quality of the receivables, which impact the cost to collect those accounts. Fresher accounts, for example, typically carry lower associated collection expenses, while older accounts and lower balance accounts typically carry higher costs and, as a result, require higher purchase price multiples to achieve the same net profitability as fresher ~~accounts.~~paper.

Revenue recognition under ASC ~~Topic 310-30, "Loans~~310-10 and ~~Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality" ("~~ASC ~~310-30")~~326 is driven by estimates of the amount and timing of ~~collections as well as the timing of those~~ collections. We record new portfolio ~~purchases based on our best estimate of~~acquisitions at the ~~cash flows expected at acquisition,~~purchase price which reflects the ~~uncertainties inherent in~~amount we expect to collect discounted at an effective interest rate. During the ~~purchase~~year of ~~nonperforming loans~~acquisition, the annual pool is aggregated and the ~~results~~blended effective interest rate will change to reflect new buying and new cash flow estimates until the end of ~~our underwriting process.~~the year. At that time, the effective interest rate is fixed at the amount we expect to collect discounted at the rate to equate purchase price to the recovery estimate. During the first year of purchase, we typically do not allow purchase price multiples to expand. Subsequent to the initial ~~booking,~~year, as we gain collection experience and confidence with a pool of accounts, we regularly update ERC. As a result, our estimate of total collections has often increased as pools have aged. These processes have tended to cause the ratio of ERC to purchase price for any given year of buying to gradually increase over time. Thus, all factors being equal in terms of pricing, one would typically tend to see a higher collection to purchase price ratio from a pool of accounts that was six years from ~~purchase~~acquisition than a pool that was just two years from ~~purchase.~~

We hold a beneficial interest in certain pools of finance receivables in Europe. Revenue is recognized under ASC Topic 310-20, "Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs" where we compute a life-to-date yield on a retrospective basis and apply it to the ERC of the portfolio. Revenue on these pools is included in income recognized on finance receivables. In addition, these pools are included in the following tables as they perform economically similar to finance receivables accounted for under ASC 310-30.acquisition.

The numbers presented in the following tables represent gross cash collections and do not reflect any costs to collect; therefore, they may not represent relative profitability. Due to all the factors described above, readers should be cautious when making comparisons of purchase price multiples among periods and between types of receivables.

~~We hold a majority interest in a Polish investment fund~~


Purchase Price Multiples as of June 30, 2020 Amounts in thousands
Purchase Period	Purchase Price ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		ERC-Historical Period Exchange Rates ⁽³⁾		Total Estimated Collections ⁽⁴⁾		ERC-Current Period Exchange Rates ⁽⁵⁾		Current Estimated Purchase Price Multiple		Original Estimated Purchase Price Multiple⁽⁶⁾
Americas Core
1996-2009	$	930,026	$	25,275	$	2,876,410	$	25,275	309	%	238	%
2010	148,193		16,361		527,054		16,361		356	%	247	%
2011	209,602		29,000		725,887		29,000		346	%	245	%
2012	254,076		35,475		661,919		35,475		261	%	226	%
2013	390,826		62,664		912,274		62,664		233	%	211	%
2014	404,117		99,011		891,394		96,700		221	%	204	%
2015	443,114		163,023		933,558		162,489		211	%	205	%
2016	455,767		301,974		1,099,686		287,328		241	%	201	%
2017	532,851		453,291		1,207,541		448,520		227	%	193	%
2018	653,975		670,175		1,340,743		657,985		205	%	202	%
2019	581,476		898,263		1,222,926		868,031		210	%	206	%
2020	283,041		543,573		580,673		543,573		205	%	205	%
Subtotal	5,287,064		3,298,085		12,980,065		3,233,401
Americas Insolvency
1996-2009	397,453		681		835,919		681		210	%	178	%
2010	208,942		868		546,829		868		262	%	184	%
2011	180,432		743		370,148		743		205	%	155	%
2012	251,395		495		392,466		495		156	%	136	%
2013	227,834		1,380		354,901		1,380		156	%	133	%
2014	148,420		2,088		217,662		2,074		147	%	124	%
2015	63,170		4,344		87,824		4,344		139	%	125	%
2016	91,442		14,160		115,267		14,146		126	%	123	%
2017	275,257		86,263		345,821		86,263		126	%	125	%
2018	97,879		81,259		130,790		81,259		134	%	127	%
2019	123,077		132,192		160,420		132,061		130	%	128	%
2020	35,298		44,941		47,686		44,941		135	%	135	%
Subtotal	2,100,599		369,414		3,605,733		369,255
Total Americas	7,387,663		3,667,499		16,585,798		3,602,656
Europe Core
2012	20,409		292		40,720		221		200	%	187	%
2013	20,334		148		25,132		110		124	%	119	%
2014	773,811		731,226		2,215,272		632,283		286	%	208	%
2015	411,340		308,026		733,076		273,940		178	%	160	%
2016	333,090		298,696		556,757		290,948		167	%	167	%
2017	252,174		218,286		359,556		197,823		143	%	144	%
2018	341,775		374,650		524,165		361,620		153	%	148	%
2019	518,610		668,732		782,184		637,980		151	%	152	%
2020	94,763		165,081		172,597		165,081		182	%	182	%
Subtotal	2,766,306		2,765,137		5,409,459		2,560,006
Europe Insolvency
2014	10,876		573		18,136		490		167	%	129	%
2015	18,973		4,220		29,099		3,534		153	%	139	%
2016	39,338		12,951		56,808		13,132		144	%	130	%
2017	39,235		24,680		48,839		22,626		124	%	128	%
2018	44,908		41,089		55,096		39,915		123	%	123	%
2019	77,218		85,331		101,282		79,841		131	%	130	%
2020	23,017		29,757		30,776		29,757		134	%	134	%
Subtotal	253,565		198,601		340,036		189,295
Total Europe	3,019,871		2,963,738		5,749,495		2,749,301
Total PRA Group	$	10,407,534	$	6,631,237	$	22,335,293	$	6,351,957

(1)Includes the acquisition date finance receivables portfolios that ~~was previously classified in~~were acquired through our ~~Consolidated Balance Sheets as "Investments" and previously excluded from~~business acquisitions.

(2)For our non-US amounts, purchase price is presented at the ~~following tables. Effective July 1, 2018, we assumed servicing responsibilities for approximately 50%~~exchange rate at the end of the ~~portfolios held by~~year in which the ~~Polish investment fund which led to an accounting reconsideration event and~~pool was purchased. In addition, any purchase price adjustments that occur throughout the ~~consolidation~~life of ~~this investment. The finance receivables recorded~~the pool are presented at the ~~consolidation date and~~year-end exchange rate for the ~~related portfolio performance information are included in~~respective year of purchase.

(3)For our non-US amounts, ERC-Historical Period Exchange Rates is presented at the ~~Supplemental Performance Data section in~~year-end exchange rate for the ~~Europe-Core 2018 line unless otherwise indicated~~respective year of purchase.

(4). For our non-US amounts, TEC is presented at the year-end exchange rate for the respective year of purchase.

(5)~~On March 29, 2019, we signed an agreement making PRA Group~~For our non-U.S. amounts, ERC-Current Period Exchange Rates is presented at the ~~servicer of effectively 100%~~June 30, 2020 exchange rate.

(6)The Original Estimated Purchase Price Multiple represents the purchase price multiple at the end of the ~~portfolios held by the Polish investment fund effective April 1, 2019.~~year of acquisition.

Purchase Price Multiples
as of June 30, 2019
Amounts in thousands
Purchase Period
Purchase Price ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
Net Finance Receivables ⁽³⁾
ERC-Historical Period Exchange Rates ⁽⁴⁾
Total Estimated Collections ⁽⁵⁾
ERC-Current Period Exchange Rates ⁽⁶⁾
Current Estimated Purchase Price Multiple
Original Estimated Purchase Price Multiple ⁽⁷⁾
Americas-Core
1996-2008 $ 804,880
$ 9,023
$ 30,183
$ 2,425,080
$ 30,183
301 % 236 %
2009 125,153
592
19,372
459,958
19,372
368 % 252 %
2010 148,197
3,869
31,740
534,372
31,740
361 % 247 %
2011 209,604
8,495
53,784
736,862
53,784
352 % 245 %
2012 254,102
17,454
69,474
681,368
69,474
268 % 226 %
2013 390,932
40,974
117,423
937,824
117,423
240 % 211 %
2014 405,349
68,007
177,944
931,071
175,125
230 % 204 %
2015 443,921
113,111
269,177
972,745
269,155
219 % 205 %
2016 453,434
161,101
410,953
1,076,072
406,806
237 % 201 %
2017 534,011
295,918
619,313
1,151,049
616,550
216 % 193 %
2018 655,984
543,703
1,013,915
1,324,959
1,012,544
202 % 202 %
2019 291,953
280,247
561,762
599,565
563,686
205 % 205 %
Subtotal 4,717,520
1,542,494
3,375,040
11,830,925
3,365,842

Americas-Insolvency
2004-2008 241,465
—
511
365,619
511
151 % 155 %
2009 155,988
—
953
470,606
953
302 % 214 %
2010 208,942
—
1,672
547,054
1,672
262 % 184 %
2011 180,433
—
152
368,974
152
204 % 155 %
2012 251,396
—
60
390,710
60
155 % 136 %
2013 227,893
—
3,219
354,953
3,219
156 % 133 %
2014 148,582
3,125
8,781
217,747
8,755
147 % 124 %
2015 63,181
9,683
15,310
85,357
15,310
135 % 125 %
2016 92,281
22,403
30,785
116,044
30,785
126 % 123 %
2017 275,265
122,728
158,858
348,246
158,857
127 % 125 %
2018 97,938
84,493
106,266
125,770
106,265
128 % 127 %
2019 74,178
71,225
89,542
94,112
89,542
127 % 127 %
Subtotal 2,017,542
313,657
416,109
3,485,192
416,081

Total Americas 6,735,062
1,856,151
3,791,149
15,316,117
3,781,923

Europe-Core
2012 20,422
—
666
39,431
520
193 % 187 %
2013 20,343
—
392
24,420
300
120 % 119 %
2014 796,839
212,142
869,372
2,225,481
743,280
279 % 208 %
2015 420,323
171,854
376,344
744,300
336,012
177 % 160 %
2016 348,306
206,864
370,582
587,157
371,454
169 % 167 %
2017 246,995
170,165
254,850
350,879
246,807
142 % 144 %
2018 ⁽⁸⁾
345,357
289,637
444,774
516,865
438,880
150 % 148 %
2019 228,941
223,685
353,718
361,966
353,682
158 % 158 %
Subtotal 2,427,526
1,274,347
2,670,698
4,850,499
2,490,935

Europe-Insolvency
2014 10,876
527
1,574
17,964
1,403
165 % 129 %
2015 19,278
3,839
7,960
29,172
6,775
151 % 139 %
2016 41,909
15,197
23,729
61,118
23,239
146 % 130 %
2017 38,474
27,883
36,056
49,792
34,704
129 % 128 %
2018 45,625
41,527
51,262
55,937
50,297
123 % 123 %
2019 11,816
11,478
14,937
15,259
14,704
129 % 129 %
Subtotal 167,978
100,451
135,518
229,242
131,122

Total Europe 2,595,504
1,374,798
2,806,216
5,079,741
2,622,057

Total PRA Group $ 9,330,566
$ 3,230,949
$ 6,597,365
$ 20,395,858
$ 6,403,980

~~(1)~~

Portfolio Financial Information

Year-to-date as of June 30, 2020

Amounts in thousands

~~The amount reflected in Purchase Price also includes the acquisition date finance receivables portfolios that were acquired through our various business acquisitions.~~

~~(2)~~Purchase Period

~~For our non-U.S. amounts, Purchase Price is presented at the exchange rate at the end~~

Cash Collections ⁽¹⁾

Portfolio Income ⁽¹⁾

Changes in Expected Recoveries ⁽¹⁾

Total Portfolio Revenue ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾

Net Finance Receivables as of the quarter in which the pool was purchased. In addition, any purchase price adjustments that occur throughout the life of the pool are presented at the period-end exchange rate for the respective quarter of purchase.June 30, 2020 ⁽³⁾

Americas Core
~~(3)~~1996-2009			~~For our non-U.S. amounts, Net Finance Receivables are presented at the June 30, 2019 exchange rate.~~$	7,348		$	5,560		$	(1,406)		$	4,154		$	6,071

2010	3,678	3,536	(857)	2,679	2,486
2011	6,281	5,941	(2,248)	3,693	5,117
2012	6,802	6,093	(4,225)	1,868	11,070
2013	13,149	9,990	(8,009)	1,981	22,418
2014	18,121	14,251	(15,672)	(1,421)	35,200
2015	32,948	19,999	(13,822)	6,177	66,386
2016	57,081	32,839	(755)	32,084	113,660
2017	108,504	50,175	17,559	67,734	200,463
2018	183,021	76,976	6,452	83,428	356,085
2019	175,029	95,119	14,877	109,996	448,861
2020	37,087	21,374	10,312	31,686	277,335
Subtotal	649,049	341,853	2,206	344,059	1,545,152
Americas Insolvency
~~(4)~~1996-2009	~~For our non-U.S. amounts, ERC-Historical Period Exchange Rates is presented at the period-end exchange rate for the respective quarter of purchase.~~197	235	(38)	197	—

2010	269	312	(43)	269	—
2011	275	229	46	275	—
2012	546	458	174	632	—
2013	742	763	(20)	743	—
2014	1,378	1,789	(896)	893	262
2015	5,624	2,819	(219)	2,600	2,755
2016	7,709	2,060	(616)	1,444	11,164
2017	32,245	9,047	(2,692)	6,355	69,529
2018	15,394	4,655	3,010	7,665	66,722
2019	14,770	5,870	2,790	8,660	108,218
2020	2,746	1,098	(264)	834	33,190
Subtotal	81,895	29,335	1,232	30,567	291,840
Total Americas	730,944	371,188	3,438	374,626	1,836,992
Europe Core
~~(5)~~2012	~~For our non-U.S. amounts, TEC is presented at the period-end exchange rate for the respective quarter of purchase.~~591	454	137	591	—

2013	320	216	104	320	—
2014	72,661	54,323	2,336	56,659	166,870
2015	26,772	15,775	(213)	15,562	142,997
2016	23,270	13,529	(1,336)	12,193	167,532
2017	17,870	6,932	(1,285)	5,647	136,984
2018	35,776	13,293	3,562	16,855	234,775
2019	61,779	22,118	(2,085)	20,033	422,528
2020	7,446	2,966	1,348	4,314	91,298
Subtotal	246,485	129,606	2,568	132,174	1,362,984
Europe Insolvency
~~(6)~~2014	~~For our non-U.S. amounts, ERC-Current Period Exchange Rates is presented at the June 30, 2019 exchange rate.~~

410		320			(17)			303			192
~~(7)~~2015			~~The Original Purchase Price Multiple represents the purchase price multiple at the end of the year of acquisition.~~

1,603		769			93			862			2,154
~~(8)~~2016			~~The Europe-Core purchases include a $34.9 million finance receivables portfolio addition in the third quarter of 2018 relating to the consolidation of a Polish investment fund.~~

Portfolio Financial Information
Year-to-date as of June 30, 2019
Amounts in thousands
Purchase Period
Purchase Price ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
Cash
Collections ⁽³⁾
Gross Revenue ⁽³⁾
Amortization ⁽³⁾
Net Allowance Charges/(Reversals) ⁽³⁾
Net Revenue ⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾
Net Finance Receivables as of June 30, 2019 ⁽⁵⁾
Americas-Core
1996-2008 $ 804,880
$ 7,070
$ 4,713
$ 2,357
$ (2,275 ) $ 6,988
$ 9,023
2009 125,153
3,785
3,524
261
(200 ) 3,724
592
2010 148,197
4,819
4,231
588
185
4,046
3,869
2011 209,604
9,109
7,873
1,236
700
7,173
8,495
2012 254,102
10,119
7,390
2,729
(580 ) 7,970
17,454
2013 390,932
20,795
14,467
6,328
3,155
11,312
40,974
2014 405,349
32,308
20,832
11,476
1,658
19,174
68,007
2015 443,921
48,410
28,726
19,684
1,135
27,591
113,111
2016 453,434
80,201
47,248
32,953
1,353
45,895
161,101
2017 534,011
143,043
68,014
75,029
136
67,878
295,918
2018 655,984
187,516
102,720
84,796
—
102,720
543,703
2019 291,953
37,791
25,180
12,611
—
25,180
280,247
Subtotal 4,717,520
584,966
334,918
250,048
5,267
329,651
1,542,494
Americas-Insolvency
2004-2008 241,465
113
113
—
—
113
—
2009 155,988
260
260
—
—
260
—
2010 208,942
352
352
—
—
352
—
2011 180,433
436
436
—
—
436
—
2012 251,396
1,096
1,096
—
—
1,096
—
2013 227,893
1,815
1,815
—
—
1,815
—
2014 148,582
10,317
6,115
4,202
—
6,115
3,125
2015 63,181
8,848
2,300
6,548
—
2,300
9,683
2016 92,281
10,787
2,381
8,406
(200 ) 2,581
22,403
2017 275,265
42,983
10,128
32,855
—
10,128
122,728
2018 97,938
12,806
3,552
9,254
—
3,552
84,493
2019 74,178
4,570
1,618
2,952
—
1,618
71,225
Subtotal 2,017,542
94,383
30,166
64,217
(200 ) 30,366
313,657
Total Americas 6,735,062
679,349
365,084
314,265
5,067
360,017
1,856,151
Europe-Core
2012 20,422
750
750
—
—
750
—
2013 20,343
494
396
98
—
396
—
2014 796,839
89,876
61,888
27,988
(820 ) 62,708
212,142
2015 420,323
34,730
16,703
18,027
(1,347 ) 18,050
171,854
2016 348,306
30,112
14,575
15,537
2,977
11,598
206,864
2017 246,995
22,852
7,033
15,819
1,549
5,484
170,165
2018 ⁽⁶⁾
345,357
47,447
13,271
34,176
—
13,271
289,637
2019 228,941
8,232
2,373
5,859
—
2,373
223,685
Subtotal 2,427,526
234,493
116,989
117,504
2,359
114,630
1,274,347
Europe-Insolvency
2014 10,876
931
477
454
—
477
527
2015 19,278
2,106
909
1,197
(73 ) 982
3,839
2016 41,909
5,716
2,155
3,561
(62 ) 2,217
15,197
2017 38,474
4,535
1,169
3,366
—
1,169
27,883
2018 45,625
3,997
1,111
2,886
—
1,111
41,527
2019 11,816
318
161
157
—
161
11,478
Subtotal 167,978
17,603
5,982
11,621
(135 ) 6,117
100,451
Total Europe 2,595,504
252,096
122,971
129,125
2,224
120,747
1,374,798
Total PRA Group $ 9,330,566
$ 931,445
$ 488,055
$ 443,390
$ 7,291
$ 480,764
$ 3,230,949

4,064		1,700			(241)			1,459			9,262
~~(1)~~2017			~~The amount reflected in Purchase Price also includes the acquisition date finance receivables portfolios that were acquired through our various business acquisitions.~~4,747

		1,054			191			1,245			19,580
~~(2)~~2018			For our non-U.S. amounts, Purchase Price is presented at the exchange rate at the end of the quarter in which the pool was purchased. In addition, any purchase price adjustments that occur throughout the life of the pool are presented at the period-end exchange rate for the respective quarter of purchase.4,845

		1,521			(237)			1,284			33,977
~~(3)~~2019			~~For our non-U.S. amounts, amounts are presented using the average exchange rates during the current reporting period.~~10,386

		3,429			992			4,421			63,555
~~(4)~~2020			~~Net Revenue refers to income recognized on finance receivables, net of allowance charges/(reversals).~~

1,029		719			198			917			22,836
~~(5)~~Subtotal			~~For our non-U.S. amounts, net finance receivables are presented at the June 30, 2019 exchange rate.~~

27,084	9,512			979			10,491			151,556
~~(6)~~Total Europe		~~The Europe-Core purchases include a $34.9 million finance receivables portfolio addition in the third quarter of 2018 relating to the consolidation of a Polish investment fund.~~273,569			139,118			3,547			142,665		1,514,540
Total PRA Group		$	1,004,513		$	510,306		$	6,985		$	517,291	$	3,351,532

(1)For our non-U.S. amounts, amounts are presented using the average exchange rates during the current reporting period.

(2)Total Portfolio Revenue refers to portfolio income and changes in expected recoveries combined.

(3)For our non-U.S. amounts, net finance receivables are presented at the June 30, 2020 exchange rate.

The following table, which excludes any proceeds from cash sales of finance receivables, illustrates historical cash collections, by year, on our portfolios.


Cash Collections by Year, By Year of Purchase ⁽¹⁾ as of June 30, 2020 Amounts in millions
			Cash Collections
Purchase Period	Purchase Price ⁽²⁾⁽³⁾		1996- 2009		2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		Total
Americas Core
1996-2009	$	930.0	$	1,647.7	$	295.7	$	253.5	$	201.6	$	146.4	$	101.8	$	71.2	$	45.7	$	30.5	$	23.3	$	19.2	$	7.3	$	2,843.9
2010	148.2		—		47.1		113.6		109.9		82.0		55.9		38.1		24.5		15.6		11.1		9.2		3.7		510.7
2011	209.6		—		—		62.0		174.5		152.9		108.5		73.8		48.7		32.0		21.6		16.6		6.3		696.9
2012	254.1		—		—		—		56.9		173.6		146.2		97.3		60.0		40.0		27.8		17.9		6.8		626.5
2013	390.8		—		—		—		—		101.6		247.8		194.0		120.8		78.9		56.4		36.9		13.2		849.6
2014	404.1		—		—		—		—		—		92.7		253.4		170.3		114.2		82.2		55.3		18.2		786.3
2015	443.1		—		—		—		—		—		—		117.0		228.4		185.9		126.6		83.6		32.9		774.4
2016	455.8		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		138.7		256.5		194.6		140.6		57.1		787.5
2017	532.9		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		107.3		278.7		256.5		108.5		751.0
2018	654.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		122.7		361.9		183.0		667.6
2019	581.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		143.8		175.0		318.8
2020	283.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		37.1		37.1
Subtotal	5,287.1		1,647.7		342.8		429.1		542.9		656.5		752.9		844.8		837.1		860.9		945.0		1,141.5		649.1		9,650.3
Americas Insolvency
1996-2009	397.5		204.3		147.1		156.7		145.4		109.3		57.0		7.6		3.6		2.2		1.1		0.7		0.2		835.2
2010	208.9		—		39.5		104.5		125.0		121.7		101.9		43.6		5.0		2.4		1.4		0.7		0.3		546.0
2011	180.4		—		—		15.2		66.4		82.8		85.8		76.9		36.0		3.7		1.6		0.7		0.3		369.4
2012	251.4		—		—		—		17.4		103.6		94.1		80.1		60.7		29.3		4.3		1.9		0.5		391.9
2013	227.8		—		—		—		—		52.5		82.6		81.7		63.4		47.8		21.9		2.9		0.7		353.5
2014	148.4		—		—		—		—		—		37.0		50.9		44.3		37.4		28.8		15.8		1.4		215.6
2015	63.2		—		—		—		—		—		—		3.4		17.9		20.1		19.8		16.7		5.6		83.5
2016	91.4		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		18.9		30.4		25.0		19.9		7.7		101.9
2017	275.3		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		49.1		97.3		80.9		32.3		259.6
2018	97.9		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		6.7		27.4		15.4		49.5
2019	123.1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		13.4		14.8		28.2
2020	35.3		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		2.7		2.7
Subtotal	2,100.6		204.3		186.6		276.4		354.2		469.9		458.4		344.2		249.8		222.4		207.9		181.0		81.9		3,237.0
Total Americas	7,387.7		1,852.0		529.4		705.5		897.1		1,126.4		1,211.3		1,189.0		1,086.9		1,083.3		1,152.9		1,322.5		731.0		12,887.3
Europe Core
2012	20.4		—		—		—		11.6		9.0		5.6		3.2		2.2		2.0		2.0		1.5		0.6		37.7
2013	20.3		—		—		—		—		7.1		8.5		2.3		1.3		1.2		1.3		0.9		0.3		22.9
2014	773.8		—		—		—		—		—		153.2		292.0		246.4		220.8		206.3		172.9		72.6		1,364.2
2015	411.3		—		—		—		—		—		—		45.8		100.3		86.2		80.9		66.1		26.7		406.0
2016	333.1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		40.4		78.9		72.6		58.0		23.3		273.2
2017	252.2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		17.9		56.0		44.1		17.9		135.9
2018	341.8		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		24.3		88.7		35.8		148.8
2019	518.6		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		48.0		61.8		109.8
2020	94.8		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		7.5		7.5
Subtotal	2,766.3		—		—		—		11.6		16.1		167.3		343.3		390.6		407.0		443.4		480.2		246.5		2,506.0
Europe Insolvency
2014	10.9		—		—		—		—		—		—		4.3		3.9		3.2		2.6		1.5		0.4		15.9
2015	19.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		3.0		4.4		5.0		4.8		3.9		1.6		22.7
2016	39.3		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		6.2		12.7		12.9		10.7		4.0		46.5
2017	39.2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1.2		7.9		9.2		4.8		23.1
2018	44.9		—		—		—		—		��		—		—		—		—		0.6		8.4		4.9		13.9
2019	77.2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		5.0		10.3		15.3
2020	23.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1.0		1.0
Subtotal	253.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		7.3		14.5		22.1		28.8		38.7		27.0		138.4
Total Europe	3,019.8		—		—		—		11.6		16.1		167.3		350.6		405.1		429.1		472.2		518.9		273.5		2,644.4
Total PRA Group	$	10,407.5	$	1,852.0	$	529.4	$	705.5	$	908.7	$	1,142.5	$	1,378.6	$	1,539.6	$	1,492.0	$	1,512.4	$	1,625.1	$	1,841.4	$	1,004.5	$	15,531.7

(1)For our non-U.S. amounts, cash collections are presented using the average exchange rates during the cash collection period.

(2)Includes the acquisition date finance receivables portfolios that were acquired through our business acquisitions.

(3)For our non-US amounts, purchase price is presented at the exchange rate at the end of the year in which the pool was purchased. In addition, any purchase price adjustments that occur throughout the life of the pool are presented at the year-end exchange rate for the respective year of purchase.

Cash Collections by Year, By Year of Purchase ⁽¹⁾
as of June 30, 2019
Amounts in thousands
Cash Collections
Purchase Period
Purchase Price ⁽²⁾⁽³⁾
1996-
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total
Americas-Core
1996-2008 $ 804,880
$ 1,366,034
$ 240,929
$ 200,052
$ 169,205
$ 132,255
$ 95,262
$ 66,274
$ 46,277
$ 29,734
$ 19,458
$ 15,092
$ 7,070
$ 2,387,642
2009 125,153
—
40,703
95,627
84,339
69,385
51,121
35,555
24,896
16,000
10,994
8,180
3,785
440,585
2010 148,197
—
—
47,076
113,554
109,873
82,014
55,946
38,110
24,515
15,587
11,140
4,819
502,634
2011 209,604
—
—
—
61,971
174,461
152,908
108,513
73,793
48,711
31,991
21,622
9,109
683,079
2012 254,102
—
—
—
—
56,901
173,589
146,198
97,267
59,981
40,042
27,797
10,119
611,894
2013 390,932
—
—
—
—
—
101,614
247,849
194,026
120,789
78,880
56,449
20,795
820,402
2014 405,349
—
—
—
—
—
—
92,660
253,448
170,311
114,219
82,244
32,308
745,190
2015 443,921
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
116,951
228,432
185,898
126,605
48,410
706,296
2016 453,434
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
138,723
256,531
194,605
80,201
670,060
2017 534,011
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
107,327
278,733
143,043
529,103
2018 655,984
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
122,712
187,516
310,228
2019 291,953
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
37,791
37,791
Subtotal 4,717,520
1,366,034
281,632
342,755
429,069
542,875
656,508
752,995
844,768
837,196
860,927
945,179
584,966
8,444,904
Americas-Insolvency
2004-2008 241,465
117,972
69,736
65,321
53,924
37,530
13,534
3,035
1,836
1,098
653
356
113
365,108
2009 155,988
—
16,635
81,780
102,780
107,888
95,725
53,945
5,781
2,531
1,581
747
260
469,653
2010 208,942
—
—
39,486
104,499
125,020
121,717
101,873
43,649
5,008
2,425
1,352
352
545,381
2011 180,433
—
—
—
15,218
66,379
82,752
85,816
76,915
35,996
3,726
1,584
436
368,822
2012 251,396
—
—
—
—
17,388
103,610
94,141
80,079
60,715
29,337
4,284
1,096
390,650
2013 227,893
—
—
—
—
—
52,528
82,596
81,679
63,386
47,781
21,948
1,815
351,733
2014 148,582
—
—
—
—
—
—
37,045
50,880
44,313
37,350
28,759
10,317
208,664
2015 63,181
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3,395
17,892
20,143
19,769
8,848
70,047
2016 92,281
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
18,869
30,426
25,047
10,787
85,129
2017 275,265
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
49,093
97,315
42,983
189,391
2018 97,938
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6,700
12,806
19,506
2019 74,178
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4,570
4,570
Subtotal 2,017,542
117,972
86,371
186,587
276,421
354,205
469,866
458,451
344,214
249,808
222,515
207,861
94,383
3,068,654
Total Americas 6,735,062
1,484,006
368,003
529,342
705,490
897,080
1,126,374
1,211,446
1,188,982
1,087,004
1,083,442
1,153,040
679,349
11,513,558
Europe-Core
2012 20,422
—
—
—
—
11,604
8,995
5,641
3,175
2,198
2,038
1,996
750
36,397
2013 20,343
—
—
—
—
—
7,068
8,540
2,347
1,326
1,239
1,331
494
22,345
2014 796,839
—
—
—
—
—
—
153,180
291,980
246,365
220,765
206,255
89,876
1,208,421
2015 420,323
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
45,760
100,263
86,156
80,858
34,730
347,767
2016 348,306
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
40,368
78,915
72,603
30,112
221,998
2017 246,995
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
17,894
56,033
22,852
96,779
2018 ⁽⁴⁾
345,357
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
24,326
47,447
71,773
2019 228,941
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
8,232
8,232
Subtotal 2,427,526
—
—
—
—
11,604
16,063
167,361
343,262
390,520
407,007
443,402
234,493
2,013,712
Europe-Insolvency
2014 10,876
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
4,297
3,921
3,207
2,620
931
14,981
2015 19,278
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,954
4,366
5,013
4,783
2,106
19,222
2016 41,909
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6,175
12,703
12,856
5,716
37,450
2017 38,474
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,233
7,862
4,535
13,630
2018 45,625
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
642
3,997
4,639
2019 11,816
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
318
318
Subtotal 167,978
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
7,251
14,462
22,156
28,763
17,603
90,240
Total Europe 2,595,504
—
—
—
—
11,604
16,063
167,366
350,513
404,982
429,163
472,165
252,096
2,103,952
Total PRA Group $ 9,330,566
$ 1,484,006
$ 368,003
$ 529,342
$ 705,490
$ 908,684
$ 1,142,437
$ 1,378,812
$ 1,539,495
$ 1,491,986
$ 1,512,605
$ 1,625,205
$ 931,445
$ 13,617,510


~~(1)~~	~~For our non-U.S. amounts, cash collections are presented using the average exchange rates during the cash collection period.~~


~~(2)~~	~~The amount reflected in Purchase Price also includes the acquisition date finance receivables portfolios that were acquired through our various business acquisitions.~~


~~(3)~~	For our non-U.S. amounts, Purchase Price is presented at the exchange rate at the end of the quarter in which the portfolio was purchased. In addition, any purchase price adjustments that occur throughout the life of the pool are presented at the period end exchange rate for the respective quarter of purchase.


~~(4)~~	~~The Europe-Core purchases include a $34.9 million finance receivables portfolio addition in the third quarter of 2018 relating to the consolidation of a Polish investment fund.~~

Estimated remaining collections

The following chart shows our ~~total~~ ERC of ~~$6,404.0~~$6,352.0 million at June 30, ~~2019~~2020 by geographical region (amounts in millions).

Seasonality

Cash collections in the Americas tend to be higher in the first ~~quarter~~half of the year due to the high volume of income tax refunds received by individuals in the U.S., and trend lower as the year progresses. Customer payment patterns in all of the countries in which we operate can be affected by seasonal employment trends, income tax refunds, and holiday spending ~~habits, and other factors.~~habits.

Cash ~~collections~~Collections

The following table displays our quarterly cash collections by geography and portfolio type, for the periods indicated.


Cash Collections by Geography and Type Amounts in thousands
	2020						2019										2018
	Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3
Americas Core	$	343,269	$	305,780	$	276,639	$	279,902	$	294,243	$	290,723	$	233,937	$	231,253
Americas Insolvency	38,685		43,210		40,801		45,759		49,770		44,613		48,000		48,518
Europe Core	115,145		131,340		126,649		118,917		117,635		116,858		113,154		102,780
Europe Insolvency	12,841		14,243		12,520		8,639		8,626		8,977		7,618		6,731
Total Cash Collections	$	509,940	$	494,573	$	456,609	$	453,217	$	470,274	$	461,171	$	402,709	$	389,282

Cash Collections by Geography and Type
Amounts in thousands
2019 2018 2017
Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3
Americas-Core $ 294,243
$ 290,723
$ 233,937
$ 231,253
$ 233,752
$ 246,237
$ 204,245
$ 212,756
Americas-Insolvency 49,770
44,613
48,000
48,518
56,063
55,280
59,103
60,436
Europe-Core 117,635
116,858
113,154
102,780
109,359
118,109
107,124
102,681
Europe-Insolvency 8,626
8,977
7,618
6,731
7,460
6,954
5,794
5,961
Total Cash Collections $ 470,274
$ 461,171
$ 402,709
$ 389,282
$ 406,634
$ 426,580
$ 376,266
$ 381,834

The following table provides additional details on the composition of our U.S. Core cash collections for the periods indicated.


U.S. Core Portfolio Cash Collections by Source Amounts in thousands	U.S. Core Portfolio Cash Collections by Source Amounts in thousands																U.S. Core Portfolio Cash Collections by Source Amounts in thousands

	2019				2018								2017					2020						2019										2018
	Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3			Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3
Call Center and Other Collections	$	160,479	$	169,753	$	134,543	$	137,325	$	143,527	$	155,448	$	120,349	$	123,009	Call Center and Other Collections	$	219,856	$	168,166	$	139,399	$	149,782	$	160,479	$	169,753	$	134,543	$	137,325
External Legal Collections	63,490		57,419		47,410		41,935		40,631		38,891		31,960		35,042		External Legal Collections	62,792		66,190		58,831		64,301		63,490		57,419		47,410		41,935
Internal Legal Collections	38,065		37,018		30,724		32,064		32,532		33,423		31,154		31,761		Internal Legal Collections	34,467		38,111		33,944		35,679		38,065		37,018		30,724		32,064
Total US-Core Cash Collections	$	262,034	$	264,190	$	212,677	$	211,324	$	216,690	$	227,762	$	183,463	$	189,812
Total U.S. Core Cash Collections																	Total U.S. Core Cash Collections	$	317,115	$	272,467	$	232,174	$	249,762	$	262,034	$	264,190	$	212,677	$	211,324

Collections ~~productivity~~Productivity (U.S. ~~portfolio)~~Portfolio)

The following tables display certain collections productivity ~~measures.~~measures:





























Cash Collections per Collector Hour Paid U.S. Portfolio
	Call center and other cash collections ⁽¹⁾
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016
First Quarter	$	172	$	139	$	121	$	161	$	168
Second Quarter	263		139		101		129		167
Third Quarter	—		124		107		125		177
Fourth Quarter	—		128		104		112		153

Cash Collections per Collector Hour Paid
U.S. Portfolio

Total U.S. core cash collections ⁽¹⁾
2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
First Quarter $ 215
$ 176
$ 254
$ 274
$ 247
Second Quarter 226
152
202
269
245
Third Quarter —
163
191
281
250
Fourth Quarter —
163
170
248
239

Call center and other cash collections ⁽²⁾
2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
First Quarter $ 139
$ 121
$ 161
$ 168
$ 143
Second Quarter 139
101
129
167
141
Third Quarter —
107
125
177
145
Fourth Quarter —
104
112
153
139

(1)

Represents total cash collections less Insolvency cash collections from trustee-administered accounts. This metric includes cash collections from Insolvency accounts administered by the Core call centers as well as cash collections generated by our internal staff of legal collectors. This calculation does not include hours paid to our internal staff of legal collectors or to employees processing the required notifications to trustees on Insolvency accounts.


~~(2)~~	Represents total cash collections less internal legal cash collections, external legal cash collections, and Insolvency cash collections from trustee-administered accounts.

Portfolio ~~purchasing~~Acquisitions

The following graph shows the purchase price of our portfolios by year since ~~2009.~~2010. It ~~also~~ includes the acquisition date finance receivable portfolios that were acquired through our ~~various~~ business acquisitions. The ~~2019~~2020 totals represent portfolio ~~purchases~~acquisitions through the ~~first half of 2019~~six months ended June 30, 2020 while the prior ~~years~~year totals are for the full year.

The following table displays our quarterly portfolio ~~purchases~~acquisitions for the periods indicated.


Portfolio Acquisitions by Geography and Type Amounts in thousands
	2020						2019										2018
	Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3
Americas Core	$	110,474	$	172,697	$	118,153	$	168,185	$	121,996	$	169,189	$	172,511	$	170,426
Americas Insolvency	14,527		20,772		22,650		26,311		26,092		48,243		52,871		17,151
Europe Core	34,247		60,990		218,919		64,728		136,344		94,283		231,810		45,754
Europe Insolvency	5,251		18,778		42,613		19,772		4,715		7,134		33,661		4,159
Total Portfolio Acquisitions	$	164,499	$	273,237	$	402,335	$	278,996	$	289,147	$	318,849	$	490,853	$	237,490

Portfolio Purchases by Geography and Type
Amounts in thousands
2019 2018 2017
Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3
Americas-Core $ 121,996
$ 169,189
$ 172,511
$ 170,426
$ 182,768
$ 131,427
$ 160,278
$ 115,572
Americas-Insolvency 26,092
48,243
52,871
17,151
16,651
13,436
44,195
73,497
Europe-Core ⁽¹⁾
136,344
94,283
231,810
45,754
19,403
18,000
152,417
14,695
Europe-Insolvency 4,715
7,134
33,661
4,159
2,577
5,392
17,698
7,146
Total Portfolio Purchasing $ 289,147
$ 318,849
$ 490,853
$ 237,490
$ 221,399
$ 168,255
$ 374,588
$ 210,910


~~(1)~~	The Europe-Core purchases in the above table and graph exclude a $34.9 million finance receivables portfolio addition in the third quarter of 2018 relating to the consolidation of a Polish investment fund.

Portfolio ~~purchases~~Acquisitions by ~~stratifications~~Stratification (U.S. ~~only)~~Only)

The following table categorizes our quarterly U.S. portfolio ~~purchases~~acquisitions for the periods indicated into major asset type and delinquency category. Since our inception in 1996, we have acquired more than 5256 million customer accounts in the U.S.


U.S. Portfolio Acquisitions by Major Asset Type Amounts in thousands
	2020															2019
	Q2						Q1						Q4					Q3				Q2
Major Credit Cards	$	50,270	40.9	%	$	71,225	38.3	%	$	30,337	24.3	%		$	50,500	40.1	%	$	39,468	28.2	%
Private Label Credit Cards	69,651		56.7		104,300		56.0		85,351		68.4			72,714		57.7		70,536		50.4
Consumer Finance	2,430		2.0		2,109		1.1		2,046		1.7			2,090		1.7		28,649		20.4
Auto Related	460		0.4		8,510		4.6		6,991		5.6			638		0.5		1,407		1.0
Total	$	122,811	100.0	%	$	186,144	100.0	%	$	124,725	100.0	%		$	125,942	100.0	%	$	140,060	100.0	%


U.S. Portfolio Acquisitions by Delinquency Category Amounts in thousands
	2020															2019
	Q2						Q1						Q4					Q3				Q2
Fresh ⁽¹⁾	$	28,847	26.6	%	$	51,126	30.9	%	$	35,330	34.6	%		$	27,600	27.1	%	$	33,288	29.3	%
Primary ⁽²⁾	9,887		9.1		18,152		11.0		5,796		5.7			17,658		17.3		40,027		35.1
Secondary ⁽³⁾	67,609		62.5		92,855		56.1		52,899		51.8			50,082		49.2		34,920		30.6
Tertiary ⁽³⁾	1,941		1.8		3,239		2.0		4,409		4.3			6,483		6.4		5,733		5.0
Other ⁽⁴⁾	—		—		—		—		3,641		3.6			—		—		—		—
Total Core	108,284		100.0	%	165,372		100.0	%	102,075		100.0	%		101,823		100.0	%	113,968		100.0	%
Insolvency	14,527				20,772				22,650					24,119				26,092
Total	$	122,811			$	186,144			$	124,725				$	125,942			$	140,060

(1)Fresh accounts are typically past due 120 to 270 days, charged-off by the credit originator and are either being sold prior to any post-charge-off collection activity or placement with a third-party for the first time.

(2)Primary accounts are typically 360 to 450 days past due and charged-off and have been previously placed with one contingent fee servicer.

(3)Secondary and tertiary accounts are typically more than 660 days past due and charged-off and have been placed with two or three contingent fee servicers.

(4)Other accounts are typically two to three years or more past due and charged-off and have previously been worked by four or more contingent fee servicers.

U.S. Portfolio Purchases by Major Asset Type
Amounts in thousands
2019 2018 2017
Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3
Major Credit Cards $ 39,468
$ 43,440
$ 65,025
$ 78,864
$ 100,160
$ 84,858
$ 87,895
$ 54,892
Consumer Finance 28,649
2,424
2,619
2,248
4,098
3,558
2,360
3,308
Private Label Credit Cards 70,536
84,515
100,633
100,517
82,406
47,962
90,332
78,609
Auto Related 1,407
30,358
31,892
330
427
613
21,219
49,741
Total $ 140,060
$ 160,737
$ 200,169
$ 181,959
$ 187,091
$ 136,991
$ 201,806
$ 186,550

U.S. Portfolio Purchases by Delinquency Category
Amounts in thousands
2019 2018 2017
Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3
Fresh ⁽¹⁾
$ 33,288
$ 51,212
$ 61,730
$ 61,882
$ 80,976
$ 71,067
$ 76,910
$ 67,540
Primary ⁽²⁾
40,027
19,725
39,690
37,670
34,166
3,290
23,100
1,623
Secondary ⁽³⁾
34,920
35,857
45,878
63,525
55,299
49,198
48,865
43,366
Tertiary ⁽³⁾
5,733
4,435
—
—
—
—
8,736
524
Insolvency 26,092
48,243
52,871
17,151
16,650
13,436
44,195
73,497
Other ⁽⁴⁾
—
1,265
—
1,731
—
—
—
—
Total $ 140,060
$ 160,737
$ 200,169
$ 181,959
$ 187,091
$ 136,991
$ 201,806
$ 186,550


~~(1)~~	Fresh accounts are typically past due 120 to 270 days, charged-off by the credit originator and are either being sold prior to any post-charge-off collection activity or placement with a third-party for the first time.


~~(2)~~	~~Primary accounts are typically 360 to 450 days past due and charged-off and have been previously placed with one contingent fee servicer.~~


~~(3)~~	~~Secondary and tertiary accounts are typically more than 660 days past due and charged-off and have been placed with two or three contingent fee servicers.~~


~~(4)~~	~~Other accounts are typically two to three years or more past due and charged-off and have previously been worked by four or more contingent fee servicers.~~

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We actively manage our liquidity to help provide access to sufficient funding to meet our business needs and financial obligations. As of June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, cash and cash equivalents totaled ~~$105.5 million,~~$115.7 million. Of the cash and cash equivalent balance as of ~~which $85.0~~June 30, 2020, $96.7 million consisted of cash on hand related to ~~foreign~~international operations with indefinitely reinvested earnings. See the "Undistributed Earnings of ~~Foreign~~International Subsidiaries" section below for more information.

At June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, we had approximately $2.6 billion in borrowings outstanding with ~~$655.7~~$905.3 million of availability under all of our credit facilities (subject to the borrowing base and applicable debt covenants). Considering borrowing base restrictions, as of June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, the amount available to be drawn was ~~$383.4~~$414.0 million. Of the ~~$655.7~~$905.3 million of borrowing availability, ~~$198.0~~$340.0 million was available under our European credit facility, ~~and $457.7~~$562.3 million was available under our North American credit facility and $3.0 million was available under our Colombian revolving credit facility. Of the ~~$383.4~~$414.0 million available considering borrowing base restrictions, ~~$110.1~~$97.4 million was available under our European credit facility, ~~and $273.3~~$313.6 million was available under our North American credit facility and $3.0 million was available under the Colombian revolving credit facility. For more information, see Note 67 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

An additional funding source for our Europe operations is interest-bearing deposits. Per the terms of our European credit facility, we are permitted to obtain interest-bearing deposit funding of up to SEK 1.2 billion (approximately ~~$129.1~~$128.5 million as of June 30, ~~2019)~~2020). Interest-bearing deposits as of June 30, ~~2019~~2020 were ~~$107.8~~$120.5 million.

We ~~believe~~determined that we were in compliance with the covenants of our financing arrangements as of June 30, ~~2019.~~2020.

We have the ability to slow the ~~purchasing~~purchase of finance receivables if necessary, ~~with low impact to current year~~and use the net cash ~~collections. For example, we invested $1.1 billion in portfolio purchases in 2018. The portfolios purchased in 2018~~flow generated ~~$154.4 million of~~from our cash collections ~~representing only 9.5% of 2018 cash collections.~~from our existing finance receivables to temporarily service our debt and fund existing operations.

Contractual obligations over the next year are primarily related to debt maturities and purchase commitments. Our North American credit facility expires in May 2022. Our European credit facility expires in February ~~2021.~~2023. Of our ~~$430.0~~$420.0 million in term loans outstanding at June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, $10.0 million in principal is due within one year.

At June 30, 2020, we had outstanding $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% Convertible Senior Notes due August 1, 2020. Subsequently, we retired the notes in full through repurchase and cash settlement in connection with their maturity. For more information, see Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part. I, Item 1 to this Quarterly Report.

We have in place forward flow commitments for the purchase of nonperforming loans primarily over the next 12 months with a maximum purchase price of ~~$713.4~~$383.1 million as of June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. The $383.1 million is comprised of $271.7 million for the Americas and $111.4 million for Europe. We may also enter into new or renewed forward flow commitments and close on spot transactions in addition to the aforementioned forward flow agreements.

OnIn May ~~10,~~ 2017, we reached a settlement with the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") in ~~regards~~regard to ~~its~~the IRS assertion that tax revenue recognition using the cost recovery method did not clearly reflect taxable income. In accordance with the settlement, our tax accounting method to recognize finance receivables revenue changed effective with tax year 2017. Under the new method, a portion of the annual collections amortizes principal and the remaining portion is taxable income. The ~~deferred tax liability~~revenue related to the difference in timing between the new method and the cost recovery method ~~will be incorporated~~has been included evenly into our tax filings

over four years effective with tax year ~~2017.~~2017 and ending with tax year 2020. We estimate the related tax payments ~~for future years~~ to be approximately ~~$9.3~~$9.2 million per ~~quarter.~~quarter through the year 2020. No interest or penalties were assessed as part of the settlement.

We continue to monitor the recent outbreak of COVID-19 on our operations and how that may impact our cash flows and our ability to settle debt. As a result of COVID-19, global financial markets have experienced overall volatility and disruptions to capital and credit markets. We believe that funds generated from operations and from cash collections on finance receivables, together with existing cash, ~~and~~ available borrowings under our revolving credit facilities, including recent modifications to the terms of those facilities, and access to the capital markets will be sufficient to finance our operations, planned capital expenditures, forward flow purchase commitments, debt maturities and additional portfolio ~~purchasing~~purchases during the next 12 months. We may, however, seek to access the debt or equity capital markets as market conditions permit. Business acquisitions, adverse outcomes in pending litigation or higher than expected levels of portfolio purchasing could require additional financing from other sources.

Cash Flows Analysis

~~Our operating activities provided~~The following table summarizes our cash ~~of $30.9 million and $30.8 million~~flow activity for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Key drivers of the changes included cash collections recognized as revenue, fee income, income tax payments, interest payments and operating expenses. In addition, changes in other accounts related2020 compared to our operating activities impacted our cash from operations. Cash collections recognized as revenue increased $50.4 million, as previously described in the revenues discussion and analysis, and was offset primarily by increases in cash paid for operating expenses and other changes.

~~Our investing activities used cash of $177.7 million and $13.2 million for~~ the six months ended June 30, 2019 ~~and 2018, respectively. Cash used~~(amounts in ~~investing activities is primarily driven by acquisitions of nonperforming loans and business acquisitions.~~ thousands):


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Total cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	122,500	$	30,948
Investing activities	88,077		(177,703)
Financing activities	(192,950)		156,837
Effect of exchange rate on cash	(16,503)		(3,281)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	1,124	$	6,801

Operating Activities

Cash provided by ~~investing~~operating activities ~~is primarily driven~~mainly reflects cash collections recognized as revenue partially offset by cash ~~collections applied to principal on finance receivables~~paid for operating expenses, interest and ~~proceeds from sale~~income taxes. Key drivers of ~~investments and subsidiaries. The change~~operating activities were adjusted for (i) non-cash items included in net ~~cash used~~income such as provisions for unrealized gains and losses, changes in ~~investing activities is primarily due an increase~~expected recoveries, depreciation and amortization, deferred taxes, fair value changes in equity securities, and stock-based compensation as well as (ii) changes in the ~~amounts~~balances of ~~acquisitions~~operating assets and liabilities, which can vary significantly in the normal course of ~~finance receivables, which totaled $549.4~~business due to the amount and timing of payments.

Net cash provided by operating activities increased $91.6 million during the six months ended June 30, ~~2019, compared~~2020, mainly driven by higher cash collections, lower operating expenses, the impact of unrealized foreign currency transactions and lower levels of income tax payments.

Investing Activities

Cash provided by investing activities mainly reflects recoveries applied to ~~$385.8 million during six months ended June 30, 2018. In addition, we had $57.6 million~~our negative allowance. Cash used in ~~business~~investing activities mainly reflects acquisitions ~~during the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $0 in the prior year comparable period. Furthermore, we had net purchases~~ of ~~investments totaling $39.6~~nonperforming loans.

Net cash provided by investing activities increased $265.8 million during the six months ended June 30, ~~2019, compared~~2020, primarily from a $113.3 million decrease in purchases of nonperforming loans, a $58.2 million increase in recoveries applied to ~~$11.7 million during six months ended June 30, 2018. This was partially offset by an increase~~negative allowance in the current year versus of collections applied to principal ~~on finance receivables which totaled $443.4~~in the prior year, a $72.8 million decrease in net purchases of investments and $57.6 million of cash used related to a business acquisition during the ~~six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $395.6~~first quarter of 2019. These changes were partially offset by $31.2 million of cash received during the ~~six months ended June 30, 2018. We were also provided cash~~first quarter of ~~$31.2 million during the three months ended March 31,~~ 2019 related to the sale of a subsidiary in the fourth quarter of 2018 and a $5.0 million increase in net purchases of ~~which we received 25% of the proceeds on December 20, 2018~~property and ~~the remaining 75% in the first quarter of 2019.~~equipment.

~~Our financing activities~~Financing Activities

Cash provided ~~cash of $156.8 million and used cash of $52.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Cash for~~by financing activities is normally provided by draws on our lines of credit and proceeds from debt offerings. Cash used in financing activities is primarily driven by principal payments on our lines of credit and long-term debt. ~~The change~~

Cash used in ~~cash provided by~~ financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in net draws on our lines of credit and long-term debt. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, net draws on our borrowing activities totaled $136.8 million compared to net repayments of $27.8increased $349.8 million during the six months ended June 30, ~~2018. Cash used~~2020, primarily from a $373.9 million decrease in ~~financing activities was also impacted~~proceeds from our lines of credit, a $14.8 million decrease in cash provided by interest-bearing deposits and an $8.0 million increase in distributions paid to noncontrolling interests. ~~Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests totaled $6.9~~These changes were partially offset by a $48.6 million ~~and $13.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Additionally, during the six months ended June 30, 2019 we had an~~ increase in ~~interest bearing deposits~~net payments on our lines of ~~$28.4 million, compared to a decrease of $8.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018.~~credit, origination costs and long-term debt.

Undistributed Earnings of ~~Foreign~~International Subsidiaries

We intend to use predominantly all of our accumulated and future undistributed earnings of ~~foreign~~international subsidiaries to expand operations outside the U.S.; therefore, such undistributed earnings of ~~foreign~~international subsidiaries are considered to be indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. Accordingly, no provision for income tax and withholding tax has been provided thereon. If management's intentions change and eligible undistributed earnings of ~~foreign~~international subsidiaries are repatriated, we could be subject to additional income taxes and withholding taxes. This could result in a higher effective tax rate in the period in which such a decision is made to repatriate accumulated or future undistributed ~~foreign~~international earnings. The amount of cash on hand related to ~~foreign~~international operations with indefinitely reinvested earnings was ~~$85.0~~$96.7 million and ~~$78.6~~$109.7 million as of June 30, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Refer to ~~Note11~~Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements

included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for further information related to our income taxes and undistributed ~~foreign~~international earnings.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act").

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a summary of recent accounting pronouncements and the anticipated effects on our ~~consolidated financial statements~~Consolidated Financial Statements see Note 1314 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our ~~consolidated financial statements~~Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with ~~U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.~~GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in ~~Part II,~~ Item 8 of our ~~2018~~2019 Form 10-K. Our significant accounting policies are fundamental to understanding our results of operations and financial condition because they require that we use estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities.

Three of these policies are considered to be critical because they are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results, and because they require management to make judgments and estimates that are difficult, subjective, and complex regarding matters that are inherently uncertain.

We base our estimates on historical experience, current trends and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. If these estimates differ significantly from actual results, the impact on our ~~consolidated financial statements~~Consolidated Financial Statements may be material.

Management has reviewed these critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee of our ~~board~~Board of ~~directors.~~Directors.

Revenue ~~recognition~~Recognition - ~~finance receivables~~Finance Receivables

We account for the ~~vast~~ majority of our investment in finance receivables under the guidance of ASC ~~310-30.~~Topic 310 “Receivables” (“ASC 310”) and ASC Topic 326-20 “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost” (“ASC 326-20”). Revenue recognition for finance receivables ~~accounted for under ASC 310-30~~ involves the use of estimates and the exercise of judgment on the part of management. These estimates include projections of the quantity and timing of future cash flows and economic lives of our pools of finance receivables. Significant changes in such estimates could result in increased or decreased revenue ~~via yield increases which are recognized prospectively or increased allowance charges resulting from decreased cash flow estimates which are recognized immediately.~~as we immediately recognize the discounted value of such changes using the constant effective interest rate of the pool.

We ~~implement the accounting~~account for ~~income recognized on~~our finance receivables ~~under ASC 310-30~~ as follows:

We create each annual accounting pool using our projections of estimated cash flows and expected economic life. We then compute a constant effective interest rate based on the ~~effective yield that fully amortizes~~net carrying amount of the pool ~~over a~~and reasonable projections of estimated cash flows and expectation of its economic ~~life based on the current projections of estimated cash flows.~~life. As actual cash flow results are ~~recorded,~~received we record the time value of the expected cash as portfolio income and over and under performance and changes in expected future cash flows from expected cash as changes in expected recoveries. We review each pool watching for trends, actual performance versus projections and curve shape (a graphical depiction of the timing of cash flows). We then re-forecast future cash flows ~~utilizing~~by applying discounted cash flow methodologies to our ~~proprietary analytical models.~~ERC and recognize income over the estimated life of the pool at the constant effective interest rate of the pool.

Significant judgment is used in evaluating ~~whether variances in actual performance are due to changes in~~expected recoveries using the ~~total amount or changes in~~discounted cash flow approach and the ~~timing~~estimated life of ~~expected cash flows. Significant changes in either may result in yield increases or allowance charges if necessary for~~ the ~~pool's amortization period to fall within a reasonable expectation of its economic life.~~pool.

Valuation of ~~acquired intangibles~~Acquired Intangibles and ~~goodwill~~Goodwill

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other" ("ASC 350"), we amortize intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. Goodwill, pursuant to ASC 350, is not amortized but rather evaluated for impairment annually and more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. Goodwill is reviewed for potential impairment at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment.

Goodwill is evaluated for impairment ~~either~~ under the qualitative assessment option or the two-step test approach depending on facts and circumstances of a reporting unit, including the excess of fair value over carrying amount in the last valuation or changes in business environment.option. If we qualitatively determine it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized for the ~~two-step impairment test is unnecessary. Otherwise, goodwill is evaluated for impairment using the two-step test, where the carrying~~ amount ~~of a reporting unit is compared to its fair value in Step 1; if the fair value exceeds the carrying amount, Step 2 is unnecessary. If~~by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, this could indicate potential impairment and Step 2 of the goodwill evaluation process is required to determine if goodwill is impaired and to measure the amount of impairment loss to recognize, if any. When Step 2 is necessary, the fair value of individual assets and liabilities is determined using valuations (which in some cases may be based in part on third-party valuation reports), or other

~~observable sources of fair value, as appropriate. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss.~~value.

We determine the fair value of a reporting unit by applying the approaches prescribed under the fair value measurement accounting framework: the income approach and the market approach. Depending on the availability of public data and suitable comparables, we may or may not use the market approach or we may emphasize the results from the approach differently. Under the income approach, we estimate the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows and a residual terminal value. Cash flow projections are based on management's estimates of revenue growth rates, operating margins, necessary working capital, and capital expenditure requirements, taking into consideration industry and market conditions. The discount rate used is based on the weighted-average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risk associated with business-specific characteristics and the uncertainty related to the reporting unit's ability to execute on the projected cash flows. Under the market approach, we estimate fair value based on prices and other relevant market transactions involving comparable publicly-traded companies with operating and investment characteristics similar to the reporting unit.

Income ~~taxes~~Taxes

We are subject to the income tax laws of the various jurisdictions in which we operate, including U.S. federal, state, local, and international jurisdictions. These tax laws are complex and are subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant government taxing authorities. When determining our domestic and ~~foreign~~international income tax expense, we must make judgments about the application of these inherently complex laws.

We follow the guidance of FASB ASC Topic 740 "Income Taxes" ("ASC 740") as it relates to the provision for income taxes and uncertainty in income taxes. Accordingly, we record a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. In accordance with ASC 740, the provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. The evaluation of a tax position in accordance with the guidance is a two-step process. The first step is recognition: ~~the Company determines~~we determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, ~~the Company~~we should presume that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. The second step is measurement: a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. We record interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

In the event that all or part of the deferred tax assets are determined not to be realizable in the future, a valuation allowance would be established and charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. If we subsequently realize deferred tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable, the respective valuation allowance would be reversed, resulting in a positive adjustment to earnings in the period such determination is made. The establishment or release of a valuation allowance does not have an impact on cash, nor does such an allowance preclude the use of loss ~~carry-forwards~~carryforwards or other deferred tax assets in future periods. The calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with our expectations could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures ~~about~~About Market Risk

Our activities are subject to various financial risks including market risk, currency and interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and cash flow risk. Our financial risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on our financial performance. We may periodically enter into derivative financial instruments, typically interest rate and currency derivatives, to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on variable-rate debt, fluctuations in currency rates and their impact on earnings and cash flows. We do not utilize derivative financial instruments with a level of complexity or with a risk greater than the exposure to be managed nor do we enter into or hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. Derivative instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of non-performance, or credit risk. We do not believe that we currently face a significant risk of loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparties associated with these instruments, as these transactions were executed with a diversified group of major financial institutions with an investment-grade credit rating. Our intention is to spread our counterparty credit risk across a number of counterparties so that exposure to a single counterparty is ~~managed through the periodic monitoring of our exposures to such counterparties.~~minimized.

Interest Rate Risk

We are subject to interest rate risk from outstanding borrowings on our variable rate credit facilities. As such, our consolidated financial results are subject to fluctuations due to changes in the market rate of interest. We assess this interest rate risk by estimating the increase or decrease in interest expense that would occur due to a change in short-term interest rates. The borrowings on our variable rate credit facilities were approximately $2.0 billion as of June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. Based on our debt structure at June 30, ~~2019 debt structure,~~2020, assuming a 50 basis point decrease in interest rates, for example, interest expense over the following 12 months would decrease by an estimated ~~$6.2~~$3.4 million. Assuming a 50 basis point increase in interest rates, interest expense over the following 12 months would increase by an estimated ~~$6.8~~$3.4 million.

To reduce the exposure to changes in the market rate of interest and to be in compliance with the terms of our European credit facility, we have entered into interest rate derivative contracts for a portion of our borrowings under our floating rate financing arrangements. ~~Further, effective in the second quarter of 2018, we began to~~We apply hedge accounting to certain of our interest rate derivative contracts. By applying hedge accounting, changes in market value are reflected as adjustments in Other Comprehensive Income. All derivatives to which we have applied hedge accounting were evaluated and ~~remain~~remained highly effective at June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. Terms of the interest rate derivative contracts require us to receive a variable interest rate and pay a fixed interest rate. The sensitivity calculations above consider the impact of our interest rate derivative contracts.

The fair value of our interest rate derivative agreements that are not in a hedge accounting relationship was a net asset of $0.7 million at June 30, 2019. A hypothetical 50 basis point decrease in interest rates would cause a decrease in the estimated fair value of these interest rate derivative agreements and the resulting estimated fair value would be a net asset of $0.2 million at June 30, 2019. Conversely, a hypothetical 50 basis point increase in interest rates would cause an increase in the estimated fair value of these interest rate derivative agreements and the resulting estimated fair value would be an asset of $1.9 million at June 30, 2019.

Currency Exchange Risk

We operate internationally and enter into transactions denominated in various foreign currencies. During the three months ended June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, we generated ~~$84.1~~$79.6 million of revenues from operations outside the U.S. and used 11eleven functional ~~currencies.~~currencies, excluding the U.S. dollar. Weakness in one particular currency might be offset by strength in other currencies over time.

As a result of our international operations, fluctuations in foreign currencies could cause us to incur foreign currency exchange gains and losses, and could adversely affect our comprehensive income and stockholders' equity. Additionally, our reported financial results could change from period to period due solely to fluctuations between currencies.

Foreign currency gains and losses are primarily the result of the re-measurement of transactions in certain other currencies into an entity's functional currency. Foreign currency gains and losses are included as a component of other income and (expense) in our ~~consolidated income statements.~~Consolidated Income Statements. From time to time we may elect to enter into foreign exchange derivative contracts to reduce these variations in our ~~consolidated income statements.~~Consolidated Income Statements.

When an entity's functional currency is different than the reporting currency of its parent, foreign currency translation adjustments may occur. Foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of other comprehensive ~~income/~~(loss)/income in our ~~consolidated statements~~Consolidated Statements of ~~comprehensive income~~Comprehensive Income and as a component of equity in our ~~consolidated balance sheets.~~Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We have taken measures to mitigate the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. We have organized our European operations so that portfolio ownership and collections generally occur within the same entity. Our European credit facility is a multi-currency facility, allowing us to better match funding and portfolio ~~investments~~acquisitions by currency. We actively monitor the value of our finance receivables by currency. In the event adjustments are required to our liability composition by currency we may, from time to time, execute re-balancing foreign exchange contracts to more closely align funding and portfolio ~~investments~~acquisitions by currency.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For information regarding legal proceedings as of June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, refer to Note 1213 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes ~~to the~~in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of our ~~2018~~2019 Form ~~10-K.~~10-K and in Part II, Item 1A of our 2020 First Quarter Form 10-Q.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits



3.1		~~Fourth~~Fi fth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of PRA Group, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50058) filed on ~~October 29, 2014)~~June 17, 2020 ).
3.2		Amended and Restated By-Laws of PRA Group, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~3.1~~3.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50058) filed on ~~May 22, 2015)~~June 17, 2020 ).
4.1		Form of Common Stock Certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-99225) filed on October 15, 2002).
4.2		Form of Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-99225) filed on October 30, 2002).
~~4.3~~4.3		Indenture dated August 13, 2013 between Portfolio Recovery Associates, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50058) filed on August 14, 2013).
~~4.4~~	Indenture dated May 26, 2017 between PRA Group, Inc. and Regions Bank, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50058) filed on May 26, 2017).
~~31.1~~4.4		Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 of the Current Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-50058) filed on March 2, 2020).
10.1		Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated as of May 6, 2020 , by and among PRA Group Inc. and PRA Group Canada Inc.,the Guarantors, th e Lenders party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Bank of America, N.A., acting through its Can a da Branch, as Can adian Administrati ve Agent (filed herewith).
10.2		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (filed herewith)
10.3		Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement (filed herewith)
31.1		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.2		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1		Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkable Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkable Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkable Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document


104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

PRA Group, Inc.

(Registrant)

~~August 8, 2019~~

~~By:~~

~~/s/ Kevin P. Stevenson~~

~~Kevin P. Stevenson~~

~~President and Chief Executive Officer~~

~~(Principal Executive Officer)~~



August 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Kevin Stevenson
		Kevin P. Stevenson
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)




August ~~8, 2019~~6, 2020	By:	/s/ Peter M. Graham
		Peter M. Graham
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)



	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Debt securities
Available-for-sale	$	5,201	$	5,077
Equity securities
Private equity funds	7,486		7,973
Mutual funds	62,678		21,753
Equity method investments	10,546		10,370
Total investments	$	85,911	$	45,173



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019		Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	3,067	$	5,930
Short-term lease cost	720		1,562
Total lease cost	$	3,787	$	7,492



	Operating Leases
For the six months ending December 31, 2019	$	5,854
For the year ending December 31, 2020	11,779
For the year ending December 31, 2021	11,319
For the year ending December 31, 2022	9,277
For the year ending December 31, 2023	7,099
Thereafter	55,411
Total lease payments	100,739
Less imputed interest	(23,989		)
Total	$	76,750



2019	$	11,470
2020	11,451
2021	10,809
2022	7,287
2023	6,189
Thereafter	7,866
Total future minimum lease payments	$	55,072



	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Revolving credit	$	1,602,350		$	1,160,161
Term loans	430,000			740,551
Convertible senior notes	632,500			632,500
	2,664,850			2,533,212
Less: Debt discount and issuance costs	(46,468		)	(59,556		)
Total	$	2,618,382		$	2,473,656



2020	$	10,000
2021	1,239,550
2022	1,070,300
2023	345,000
2024 and thereafter	—
Total	$	2,664,850



	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				Variance
(Amounts in thousands)	2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018
Americas-Core	$	294,243	$	233,752	$	60,491
Americas-Insolvency	49,770		56,063		(6,293		)
Europe-Core	117,635		109,359		8,276
Europe-Insolvency	8,626		7,460		1,166
Total cash collections	$	470,274	$	406,634	$	63,640

Cash collections adjusted ⁽¹⁾	$	470,274	$	398,356	$	71,918
Cash collections on fully amortized pools	13,277		14,624		(1,347		)
Cash collections on cost recovery pools	3,770		7,691		(3,921		)
Net finance receivables on cost recovery at period-end	39,425		80,294		(40,869		)

Cash Collections per Collector Hour Paid U.S. Portfolio

	Total U.S. core cash collections ⁽¹⁾
	2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
First Quarter	$	215	$	176	$	254	$	274	$	247
Second Quarter	226		152		202		269		245
Third Quarter	—		163		191		281		250
Fourth Quarter	—		163		170		248		239

	Call center and other cash collections ⁽²⁾
	2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
First Quarter	$	139	$	121	$	161	$	168	$	143
Second Quarter	139		101		129		167		141
Third Quarter	—		107		125		177		145
Fourth Quarter	—		104		112		153		139