UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 2013

2014

or

¨
cTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number: 001-13251

SLM Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware52-2013874

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

300 Continental Drive, Newark, Delaware19713
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

(302) 283-8000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨c

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filerx Accelerated filer¨c
Non-accelerated filer¨c(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)Smaller reporting company¨c

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 ofRegulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No   ¨c

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨c    No  x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class

Outstanding at SeptemberJune 30, 2013

2014

Common Stock, $0.20 par value

436,264,071422,936,478 shares







SLM CORPORATION

Table of Contents


CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INDEX

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1.

Financial Statements

  2

Item 2.

1.
Financial Statements 


Item 1.Notes to the Financial Statements
Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 44

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk


Item 4.Controls and Procedures
PART II. Other Information  90

Item 4.

1.
Legal Proceedings 


Item 1A.Risk Factors 7394

PART II. Other Information

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

95

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

96

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 8198

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

 8198

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures 

Mine Safety Disclosures

81

Item 5.Other Information 8198

Item 5.

6.
Exhibits 

Other Information

87
98

Item 6.

Exhibits

98




1

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item  1.Financial Statements



SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions,thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

   September 30,
2013
  December 31,
2012
 

Assets

   

FFELP Loans (net of allowance for losses of $130 and $159, respectively)

  $106,350   $125,612  

Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of $2,144 and $2,171 respectively)

   37,752    36,934  

Investments

   

Available-for-sale

   85    72  

Other

   911    1,010  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total investments

   996    1,082  

Cash and cash equivalents

   4,329    3,900  

Restricted cash and investments

   4,287    5,011  

Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net

   436    448  

Other assets

   7,420    8,273  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

  $161,570   $181,260  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities

   

Short-term borrowings

  $15,572   $19,856  

Long-term borrowings

   136,944    152,401  

Other liabilities

   3,422    3,937  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   155,938    176,194  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies

   

Equity

   

Preferred stock, par value $0.20 per share, 20 million shares authorized

   

Series A: 3.3 million and 3.3 million shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $50 per share

   165    165  

Series B: 4 million and 4 million shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $100 per share

   400    400  

Common stock, par value $0.20 per share, 1.125 billion shares authorized: 544 million and 536 million shares issued, respectively

   109    107  

Additional paid-in capital

   4,373    4,237  

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (net of tax (expense) benefit of $(5) and $3, respectively)

   8    (6

Retained earnings

   2,385    1,451  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total SLM Corporation stockholders’ equity before treasury stock

   7,440    6,354  

Less: Common stock held in treasury at cost: 108 million and 83 million shares, respectively

   (1,813  (1,294
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total SLM Corporation stockholders’ equity

   5,627    5,060  

Noncontrolling interest

   5    6  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total equity

   5,632    5,066  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

  $161,570   $181,260  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Supplemental information — assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities:

   September 30,
2013
   December 31,
2012
 

FFELP Loans

  $101,627    $121,059  

Private Education Loans

   26,018     26,072  

Restricted cash and investments

   4,044     4,826  

Other assets

   2,380     2,312  

Short-term borrowings

   4,678     9,551  

Long-term borrowings

   116,968     131,518  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities

  $12,423    $13,200  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

  June 30, December 31,
  2014 2013
Assets    
Cash and cash equivalents $1,524,176
 $2,182,865
Available-for-sale investments at fair value (cost of $150,117 and $106,977, respectively) 149,399
 102,105
Loans held for investment (net of allowance for losses of $60,527 and $68,081, respectively) 8,793,971
 7,931,377
Other interest-earning assets 45,417
 4,355
Accrued interest receivable 453,461
 356,283
Premises and equipment, net 77,833
 74,188
Acquired intangible assets, net 4,241
 6,515
Tax indemnification receivable 270,198
 
Other assets 60,643
 48,976
Total assets $11,379,339
 $10,706,664
     
Liabilities    
Deposits $8,890,209
 $9,001,550
Income taxes payable, net 323,467
 162,205
Upromise related liabilities 301,160
 307,518
Other liabilities 126,239
 69,248
Total liabilities 9,641,075
 9,540,521
     
Commitments and contingencies 
 
     
Equity    
Preferred stock, par value $0.20 per share, 20 million shares authorized    
Series A: 3.3 million and 0 shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $50 per share 165,000
 
Series B: 4 million and 0 shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $100 per share 400,000
 
Common stock, par value $0.20 per share, 1.125 billion shares authorized: 423 million and 0 shares issued, respectively 84,659
 
Additional paid-in capital 1,071,916
 
Navient's subsidiary investment 
 1,164,495
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (net of tax (benefit) expense of ($354) and ($1,849), respectively) (365) (3,024)
Retained earnings 20,167
 
Total SLM Corporation stockholders' equity before treasury stock 1,741,377
 1,161,471
Less: Common stock held in treasury at cost: 359 million and 0 shares, respectively (3,113) 
Noncontrolling interest 
 4,672
Total equity 1,738,264
 1,166,143
Total liabilities and equity $11,379,339
 $10,706,664

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


2



SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In millions,thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2013      2012      2013      2012   

Interest income:

     

FFELP Loans

  $698   $840   $2,138   $2,459  

Private Education Loans

   635    615    1,884    1,856  

Other loans

   3    4    9    13  

Cash and investments

   4    5    13    16  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

   1,340    1,464    4,044    4,344  

Total interest expense

   541    645    1,666    1,968  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income

   799    819    2,378    2,376  

Less: provisions for loan losses

   207    270    649    766  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income after provisions for loan losses

   592    549    1,729    1,610  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Other income (loss):

     

Gains on sales of loans and investments

           307    1  

Losses on derivative and hedging activities, net

   (127  (233  (140  (600

Servicing revenue

   83    71    223    212  

Contingency revenue

   104    85    312    261  

Gains on debt repurchases

       44    42    102  

Other

   9    2    66    39  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income (loss)

   69    (31  810    15  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Expenses:

     

Salaries and benefits

   128    113    380    343  

Other operating expenses

   129    107    357    329  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

   257    220    737    672  

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization expense

   4    5    10    13  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

   12    2    46    9  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

   273    227    793    694  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense

   388    291    1,746    931  

Income tax expense

   136    104    645    340  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income from continuing operations

   252    187    1,101    591  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)

   8        47    (2
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income

   260    187    1,148    589  

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

       (1  (1  (2
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation

   260    188    1,149    591  

Preferred stock dividends

   5    5    15    15  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock

  $255   $183   $1,134   $576  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Basic earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation:

     

Continuing operations

  $.56   $.39   $2.46   $1.19  

Discontinued operations

   .02        .10      
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  $.58   $.39   $2.56   $1.19  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Average common shares outstanding

   436    464��   442    483  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation:

     

Continuing operations

  $.55   $.39   $2.42   $1.18  

Discontinued operations

   .02        .10      
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  $.57   $.39   $2.52   $1.18  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding

   445    471    450    490  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Dividends per common share attributable to SLM Corporation

  $.15   $.125   $.45   $.375  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2014 2013 2014 2013
Interest income:        
Loans $162,238
 $122,212
 $322,273
 $253,781
Investments 2,236
 5,638
 3,204
 11,624
Cash and cash equivalents 1,099
 1,038
 1,965
 1,770
Total interest income 165,573
 128,888
 327,442
 267,175
Interest expense:        
Deposits 21,034
 21,439
 43,624
 44,008
Other interest expense 
 32
 41
 49
Total interest expense 21,034
 21,471
 43,665
 44,057
Net interest income 144,539
 107,417
 283,777
 223,118
Less: provisions for loan losses 1,014
 (1,015) 40,173
 19,677
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses 143,525
 108,432
 243,604
 203,441
Noninterest income:        
Gains on sales of loans to affiliates, net 1,928
 73,441
 35,816
 148,663
(Losses) gains on derivatives and hedging activities, net (9,458) (52) (10,222) 558
Other 15,229
 8,665
 23,365
 16,465
Total noninterest income 7,699
 82,054
 48,959
 165,686
Expenses:        
Compensation and benefits 31,667
 26,821
 61,334
 56,585
Other operating expenses 28,812
 39,772
 62,744
 70,602
Total operating expenses 60,479
 66,593
 124,078
 127,187
Acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization expense 1,156
 714
 2,995
 1,428
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses 13,520
 84
 13,749
 107
Total expenses 75,155
 67,391
 140,822
 128,722
Income before income tax expense 76,069
 123,095
 151,741
 240,405
Income tax expense 31,941
 46,973
 60,599
 91,738
Net income 44,128
 76,122
 91,142
 148,667
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 
 (347) (434) (686)
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation 44,128
 76,469
 91,576
 149,353
Preferred stock dividends 3,228
 
 3,228
 
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock $40,900
 $76,469
 $88,348
 $149,353
         
Basic earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation $0.10
 $0.17
 $0.21
 $0.34
Average common shares outstanding 422,805
 439,972
 424,751
 445,309
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation $0.09
 $0.17
 $0.20
 $0.33
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding 430,750
 448,064
 432,689
 453,231


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


3



SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In millions)

thousands)

(Unaudited)

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2013      2012        2013          2012     

Net income

  $260   $187   $1,148   $589  

Other comprehensive income (loss):

     

Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives:

     

Unrealized hedging gains (losses) on derivatives

   (3  (3  19    (14

Reclassification adjustments for derivative losses included in net income (interest expense)

   1    6    7    22  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives

   (2  3    26    8  

Unrealized gains (losses) on investments

           (4  1  

Income tax (expense) benefit

   1    (1  (8  (3
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

   (1  2    14    6  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

   259    189    1,162    595  

Less: comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

       (1  (1  (2
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income attributable to SLM Corporation

  $259   $190   $1,163   $597  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
  2014 2013 2014 2013
Net income $44,128
 $76,122
 $91,142
 $148,667
Other comprehensive income (loss):        
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments 2,749
 (15,625) 4,155
 37,769
Total unrealized gains (losses) on investments 2,749
 (15,625) 4,155
 37,769
Income tax (expense) benefit (962) 5,955
 (1,496) (14,327)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax benefit (expense) 1,787
 (9,670) 2,659
 23,442
Comprehensive income 45,915
 66,452
 93,801
 172,109
Less: comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 
 (347) (434) (686)
Total comprehensive income attributable to SLM Corporation $45,915
 $66,799
 $94,235
 $172,795

















See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


4



SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Dollars in millions,In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

  Preferred
Stock
Shares
  Common Stock Shares  Preferred
Stock
  Common
Stock
  Additional
Paid-In
Capital
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Retained
Earnings
  Treasury
Stock
  Total
Stockholders’
Equity
  Noncontrolling
Interest
  Total
Equity
 
   Issued  Treasury  Outstanding          

Balance at June 30, 2012

  7,300,000    532,672,974    (63,270,775  469,402,199   $565   $107   $4,196   $(10 $1,040   $(967 $4,931   $7   $4,938  

Comprehensive income:

             

Net income (loss)

                          188       188    (1  187  

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

                       2          2       2  
           

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income

                                190    (1  189  

Cash dividends:

             

Common stock ($.125 per share)

                          (58     (58     (58

Preferred stock, series A ($.87 per share)

                          (3     (3     (3

Preferred stock, series B ($.57 per share)

                          (2     (2     (2

Issuance of common shares

     1,654,506       1,654,506          17             17       17  

Tax benefit related to employee stock-based compensation plans

                    (2           (2     (2

Stock-based compensation expense

                    8             8       8  

Common stock repurchased

        (7,643,999  (7,643,999                 (121  (121     (121

Shares repurchased related to employee stock-based compensation plans

        (1,253,922  (1,253,922                 (20  (20     (20
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at September 30, 2012

  7,300,000    534,327,480    (72,168,696  462,158,784   $565   $107   $4,219   $(8 $1,165   $(1,108 $4,940   $6   $4,946  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at June 30, 2013

  7,300,000    543,781,184    (107,592,332  436,188,852   $565   $109   $4,355   $9   $2,195   $(1,804 $5,429   $5   $5,434  

Comprehensive income:

             

Net income (loss)

                                  260        260        260  

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

                              (1          (1      (1
           

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income

                                          259        259  

Cash dividends:

             

Common stock ($.15 per share)

                                  (65      (65      (65

Preferred stock, series A ($.87 per share)

                                  (3      (3      (3

Preferred stock, series B ($.50 per share)

                                  (2      (2      (2

Issuance of common shares

      326,789        326,789            8                8        8  

Tax benefit related to employee stock-based compensation plans

                          2                2        2  

Stock-based compensation expense

                          8                8        8  

Shares repurchased related to employee stock-based compensation plans

          (251,570  (251,570                      (9  (9      (9
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at September 30, 2013

  7,300,000    544,107,973    (107,843,902  436,264,071   $565   $109   $4,373   $8   $2,385   $(1,813 $5,627   $5   $5,632  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 




            
  Navient's Subsidiary Investment 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Total SLM Corporation Equity Non-controlling interest Total Equity
            
Balance at March 31, 2013 $1,056,783
 $47,460
  $1,104,243
 $5,685
 $1,109,928
Net income (loss) 76,469
 
  76,469
 (347) 76,122
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax 
 (9,670)  (9,670) 
 (9,670)
Total comprehensive income (loss) 
 
  66,799
 (347) 66,452
Net transfers from affiliate 29,570
 
  29,570
 
 29,570
Balance at June 30, 2013 $1,162,822
 $37,790
  $1,200,612
 $5,338
 $1,205,950
            















See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.




5




SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Dollars in millions,In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

  Preferred
Stock
Shares
  Common Stock Shares  Preferred
Stock
  Common
Stock
  Additional
Paid-In
Capital
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Retained
Earnings
  Treasury
Stock
  Total
Stockholders’
Equity
  Noncontrolling
Interest
  Total
Equity
 
   Issued  Treasury  Outstanding          

Balance at December 31, 2011

  7,300,000    529,075,322    (20,323,997  508,751,325   $565   $106   $4,136   $(14 $770   $(320 $5,243   $8   $5,251  

Comprehensive income:

             

Net income (loss)

                                  591        591    (2  589  

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

                              6            6        6  
           

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income

                                          597    (2  595  

Cash dividends:

             

Common stock ($.375 per share)

                                  (180      (180      (180

Preferred stock, series A ($2.61 per share)

                                  (8      (8      (8

Preferred stock, series B ($1.69 per share)

                                  (7      (7      (7

Dividend equivalent units related to employee stock-based compensation plans

                                  (1      (1      (1

Issuance of common shares

      5,252,158        5,252,158        1    47                48        48  

Tax benefit related to employee stock-based compensation plans

                          (5              (5      (5

Stock-based compensation expense

                          41                41        41  

Common stock repurchased

          (48,184,145  (48,184,145                      (730  (730      (730

Shares repurchased related to employee stock-based compensation plans

          (3,660,554  (3,660,554                      (58  (58      (58
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at September 30, 2012

  7,300,000    534,327,480    (72,168,696  462,158,784   $565   $107   $4,219   $(8 $1,165   $(1,108 $4,940   $6   $4,946  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2012

  7,300,000    535,507,965    (82,910,021  452,597,944   $565   $107   $4,237   $(6 $1,451   $(1,294 $5,060   $6   $5,066  

Comprehensive income:

             

Net income (loss)

                                  1,149        1,149    (1  1,148  

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

                              14            14        14  
           

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income

                                          1,163    (1  1,162  

Cash dividends:

             

Common stock ($.45 per share)

                                  (199      (199      (199

Preferred stock, series A ($2.61 per share)

                                  (9      (9      (9

Preferred stock, series B ($1.51 per share)

                                  (6      (6      (6

Dividend equivalent units related to employee stock-based compensation plans

                                  (1      (1      (1

Issuance of common shares

      8,600,008        8,600,008        2    92                94        94  

Tax benefit related to employee stock-based compensation plans

                          7                7        7  

Stock-based compensation expense

                          37                37        37  

Common stock repurchased

          (19,316,948  (19,316,948                      (400  (400      (400

Shares repurchased related to employee stock-based compensation plans

          (5,616,933  (5,616,933                      (119  (119      (119
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at September 30, 2013

  7,300,000    544,107,973    (107,843,902  436,264,071   $565   $109   $4,373   $8   $2,385   $(1,813 $5,627   $5   $5,632  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

    Common Stock Shares                    
  Preferred Stock Shares Issued Treasury Outstanding Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Navient's Subsidiary Investment 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Total SLM Corporation Equity Non-controlling interest Total Equity
Balance at March 31, 2014 
 
 
 
 $
 $
 $
 $1,229,187
 $(2,152) $
 $
 $1,227,035
 $4,238
 $1,231,273
Net income 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20,725
 
 23,403
 
 44,128
 
 44,128
Other comprehen-sive income, net of tax 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,787
 
 
 1,787
 
 1,787
Total comprehensive income 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 45,915
 
 45,915
Net transfers from affiliate 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 462,165
 
 
 
 462,165
 
 462,165
Separation adjustments related to Spin-Off of Navient Corporation 7,300,000
 422,790,320
 
 422,790,320
 565,000
 84,558
 1,062,519
 (1,712,077) 
 
 
 
 
 
Sale of non-controlling interest 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (4,238) (4,238)
Cash dividends:                            
Preferred Stock, series A ($.87 per share) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1,917) 
 (1,917) 
 (1,917)
Preferred Stock, series B ($.49 per share)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1,311) 
 (1,311) 
 (1,311)
Dividend equivalent units related to employee stock-based compensation plans 
 
 
 
 
 
 8
 
 
 (8) 
 
 
 
Issuance of common shares 
 504,929
 
 504,929
 
 101
 2,344
 
 
 
 
 2,445
 
 2,445
Stock-based compensation expense 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,045
 
 
 
 
 7,045
 
 7,045
Shares repurchased related to employee stock-based compensation plans 
 
 (358,771) (358,771) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (3,113) (3,113) 
 (3,113)
Balance at June 30, 2014 7,300,000
 423,295,249
 (358,771) 422,936,478
 $565,000
 $84,659
 $1,071,916
 $
 $(365) $20,167
 $(3,113) $1,738,264
 $
 $1,738,264
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


6



SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Dollars in millions)

In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

   Nine Months  Ended
September 30,
 
     2013      2012   

Operating activities

   

Net income

  $1,148   $589  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

   

(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

   (47  2  

Gains on sales of loans and investments

   (307  (1

Gains on debt repurchases

   (42  (102

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization expense

   10    13  

Stock-based compensation expense

   37    41  

Unrealized (gains) losses on derivative and hedging activities

   (384  51  

Provisions for loan losses

   649    766  

(Increase) decrease in restricted cash — other

   (3  5  

(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable

   (74  204  

Decrease in accrued interest payable

   (61  (55

Decrease in other assets

   545    403  

(Decrease) increase in other liabilities

   (85  31  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash provided by operating activities — continuing operations

   1,386    1,947  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash provided by (used in) operating activities — discontinued operations

   46    (5
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total net cash provided by operating activities

   1,432    1,942  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Investing activities

   

Student loans acquired and originated

   (3,689  (5,497

Reduction of student loans:

   

Installment payments, claims and other

   9,159    14,167  

Proceeds from sales of student loans

   707    428  

Other investing activities, net

   56    (101

Purchases of available-for-sale securities

   (44  (39

Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities

   28    56  

Purchases of other securities

   (288  (182

Proceeds from maturities of other securities

   289    161  

Decrease (increase) in restricted cash — variable interest entities

   422    (609
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total net cash provided by investing activities

   6,640    8,384  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financing activities

   

Borrowings collateralized by loans in trust — issued

   8,542    10,004  

Borrowings collateralized by loans in trust — repaid

   (10,815  (11,565

Asset-backed commercial paper conduits, net

   4,341    140  

ED Conduit Program facility, net

   (9,551  (8,960

Other short-term borrowings issued

       23  

Other short-term borrowings repaid

       (122

Other long-term borrowings issued

   2,712    3,769  

Other long-term borrowings repaid

   (2,343  (2,952

Other financing activities, net

   (782  224  

Retail and other deposits, net

   867    327  

Common stock repurchased

   (400  (730

Common stock dividends paid

   (199  (180

Preferred stock dividends paid

   (15  (15
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash used in financing activities

   (7,643  (10,037
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

   429    289  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

   3,900    2,794  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

  $4,329   $3,083  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

   

Cash disbursements made (refunds received) for:

   

Interest

  $1,646   $1,913  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income taxes paid

  $520   $416  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income taxes received

  $(19 $(5
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Noncash activity:

   

Investing activity — Student loans and other assets acquired

  $   $402  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Student loans and other assets removed related to sale of Residual Interest in securitization

  $(11,802 $  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financing activity — Borrowings assumed in acquisition of student loans and other assets

  $   $425  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Borrowings removed related to sale of Residual Interest in securitization

  $(12,084 $  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 




           
  Navient's Subsidiary Investment 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Total SLM Corporation Equity Non-controlling interest Total Equity
           
Balance at December 31, 2012 $1,068,928
 $14,348
 $1,083,276
 $6,024
 $1,089,300
Net income (loss) 149,353
   149,353
 (686) 148,667
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 
 23,442
 23,442
 
 23,442
Total comprehensive (loss) 
 
 172,795
 (686) 172,109
Net transfers to affiliate (55,459) 
 (55,459) 
 (55,459)
Balance at June 30, 2013 $1,162,822
 $37,790
 $1,200,612
 $5,338
 $1,205,950














See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


7




SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)(Unaudited)

    Common Stock Shares                    
  Preferred Stock Shares Issued Treasury Outstanding Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Navient's Subsidiary Investment 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Total SLM Corporation Equity Non-controlling interest Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2013 
 
 
 
 $
 $
 $
 $1,164,495
 $(3,024) $
 $
 $1,161,471
 $4,672
 $1,166,143
Net income (loss) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 68,173
 
 23,403
 
 91,576
 (434) 91,142
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,659
 
 
 2,659
 
 2,659
Total comprehensive income (loss) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 94,235
 (434) 93,801
Net transfers from affiliate 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 479,409
 
 
 
 479,409
 
 479,409
Separation adjustments related to Spin-Off of Navient Corporation 7,300,000
 422,790,320
 
 422,790,320
 565,000
 84,558
 1,062,519
 (1,712,077) 
 
 
 
 
 
Sale of non-controlling interest 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (4,238) (4,238)
Cash dividends:                            
Preferred Stock, series A ($.87 per share) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1,917) 
 (1,917) 
 (1,917)
Preferred Stock, series B ($.49 per share)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1,311) 
 (1,311) 
 (1,311)
Dividend equivalent units related to employee stock-based compensation plans 
 
 
 
 
 
 8
 
 
 (8)   
 
 
Issuance of common shares 
 504,929
 
 504,929
 
 101
 2,344
 
 
 
 
 2,445
 
 2,445
Stock-based compensation expense 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,045
 
 
 
 
 7,045
 
 7,045
Shares repurchased related to employee stock-based compensation plans 
 
 (358,771) (358,771) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (3,113) (3,113) 
 (3,113)
Balance at June 30, 2014 7,300,000
 423,295,249
 (358,771) 422,936,478
 $565,000
 $84,659
 $1,071,916
 $
 $(365) $20,167
 $(3,113) $1,738,264
 $
 $1,738,264
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

8



SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
  Six Months Ended
  June 30,
  2014 2013
Operating activities    
Net income $91,142
 $148,667
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:    
Provision for loan losses 40,173
 19,677
Tax provision 60,599
 91,738
Amortization of FDIC fees 
 1,046
Amortization of brokered deposit placement fee 5,222
 4,879
Amortization of deferred loan origination costs and fees, net 847
 616
Net amortization (accretion) of discount on investments 236
 (4,342)
Depreciation of premises and equipment 1,642
 1,694
Amortization and impairment of acquired intangibles 2,995
 1,428
Stock-based compensation expense 8,468
 9,229
Interest rate swap 8,025
 (452)
Gains on sale of loans to affiliates, net (35,816) (148,663)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Net decrease in loans held for sale 6,183
 2,521
Origination of loans held for sale (6,183) (2,521)
Increase in accrued interest receivable (175,919) (119,723)
Increase in other interest-earning assets (41,062) (1,107)
(Increase) decrease in other assets (18,946) (17,888)
Increase (decrease) in income tax payable (199,782) (10,315)
Decrease in accrued interest payable (2,931) (1,498)
Increase in payable due to Navient 11,109
 5,892
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities 12,140
 (41,204)
Total adjustments (323,000) (208,993)
Total net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (231,858) (60,326)
Investing activities    
Loans acquired and originated (32,796) (185,190)
Net proceeds from sales of loans held for investment 755,746
 1,825,406
Net increase in loans held for investment (1,512,009) (1,465,830)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities (47,087) (15,966)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities 3,712
 10,996
Total net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (832,434) 169,416
Financing activities    
Net (decrease) in brokered certificates of deposit (841,965) (521,740)
Net (decrease) increase in NOW account deposits (18,214) 2,179
Net increase in High Yield Savings Deposits 647,864
 414
Net increase in Retail Certificates of Deposit 5,143
 13,335
Net increase in MMDA deposits 133,510
 484,357
Net decrease in deposits with entity that is a subsidiary of Navient (5,633) (110,486)
Special cash contribution from Navient 472,718
 
Net capital contributions (to) from entity that is a subsidiary of Navient 15,408
 76,262
Preferred stock dividends paid (3,228) 
Dividend paid to entity that is a subsidiary of Navient 
 (120,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 405,603
 (175,679)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (658,689) (66,589)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 2,182,865
 1,599,082

9



Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $1,524,176
 $1,532,493
Cash disbursements made for:    
Interest $42,819
 $39,866
Income taxes paid $199,782
 $10,315























See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

10


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Information at September 30, 2013 and for the three and nine months ended

September 30, 2013 and 2012 is unaudited)

Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
1.
Significant Accounting Policies



1. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited, consolidated financial statementsreporting and accounting policies of SLM Corporation (“we,Sallie Mae,“us,“SLM,“our,the “Company,“we” or the “Company”“us”) have been prepared in accordance withconform to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim. In conjunction with the Spin-Off (as herein after defined), our consolidated financial information. Accordingly, they dostatements are comprised of financial information relating to Sallie Mae Bank (the “Bank”), Upromise, Inc. ("Upromise") and the Private Education Loan origination functions. We use “Private Education Loans” to mean education loans to students or their families that are non-federal loans and loans not includeinsured or guaranteed under the previously existing Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”). Also included in our financial statements are certain general corporate overhead expenses allocated to the Company.
On April 30, 2014, we completed our plan to legally separate into two distinct publicly traded entities - an education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business, Navient Corporation (“Navient”), and a consumer banking business, SLM Corporation. The separation of Navient from SLM Corporation (the “Spin-Off”) was preceded by an internal corporate reorganization, which was the first step to separate the education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business from the consumer banking business.  As a result of a holding company merger under Section 251(g) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), which is referred to herein as the “SLM Merger,” all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements include the accountsshares of then existing SLM Corporation’s common stock were converted, on a 1-to-1 basis, into shares of common stock of New BLC Corporation, a newly formed company that was a subsidiary of pre-Spin-Off SLM Corporation (“pre-Spin-Off SLM”), and, pursuant to the SLM Merger, New BLC Corporation replaced then existing SLM Corporation as the publicly-traded registrant and changed its majority-ownedname to SLM Corporation. As part of the internal corporate reorganization, the assets and controlled subsidiariesliabilities associated with the education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business were transferred to Navient, and those Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) for which we are the primary beneficiary, after eliminating the effects of intercompany accountsassets and transactions. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2013 or for any other period. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunctionliabilities associated with the audited financial statementsconsumer banking business remained with or were transferred to the newly constituted SLM Corporation. The separation and related notes includeddistribution were accounted for on a substantially tax-free basis.
The timing and steps necessary to complete the Spin-Off and comply with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") reporting requirements, including the replacement of pre-Spin-Off SLM Corporation with our current publicly-traded registrant, have resulted in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (the “20122013 filed with the SEC on February 19, 2014, and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-K”). Definitions10-Q for certain capitalized terms usedthe quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed with the SEC on May 12, 2014, providing business results and financial information for the periods reported therein on the basis of the consolidated businesses of pre-Spin-Off SLM. While information contained in those prior reports may provide meaningful historical context for the Company’s business, this document can be foundQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014 is our first periodic report made on the basis of the post-Spin-Off business of the Company.
At the time of the Spin-Off transaction, we had a targeted starting equity balance of $1,710 million. To achieve the targeted equity balance we retained $565 million of preferred stock and approximately $473 million of cash to offset the obligation attributable to the principal of the Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred Stock.
These carve-out financial statements are presented on a basis of accounting that reflects a change in reporting entity and have been adjusted for the effects of the Spin-Off. These carve-out financial statements and selected financial information represent only those operations, assets, liabilities and equity that form Sallie Mae on a stand-alone basis. Because the Spin-Off occurred on April 30, 2014, these financial statements represent the carved out financial results for the first four months of 2014 and actual results for the two months ended June 30, 2014. All prior period amounts represent carved-out amounts.
Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries after eliminating the effects of intercompany accounts and transactions.
Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
We maintain an allowance for loan losses at an amount sufficient to absorb probable losses incurred in our portfolios at the reporting date based on a projection of estimated probable credit losses incurred in the 2012Form 10-K.

Consolidation

Inportfolio.

We analyze our portfolio to determine the first six monthseffects that the various stages of 2013, we sold Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trustsdelinquency and forbearance have on borrower default behavior and ultimate charge-off activity. We estimate the allowance for loan losses for our loan portfolio using a migration analysis of delinquent and current accounts. A migration analysis is a technique used to third parties. We will continue to serviceestimate the student loans in the trusts under existing agreements. Prior to the sale of the Residual Interests, we had consolidated the trusts as VIEs because we had met the two criteria for consolidation. We had determined we were the primary beneficiary because (1) as servicer to the trust we had the power to direct the activities of the VIElikelihood that most significantly affected its economic performance and (2) as the residual holder of the trust, we had an obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of the trust that could potentially be significant. Upon the sale of the Residual Interests we are no longer the residual holder, thus we determined we no longer met criterion (2) above and deconsolidated the trusts. As a result of these transactions, we removed securitization trust assets of $12.5 billion and the related liabilities of $12.1 billion from the balance sheet and recorded a $312 million gain as part of “gains on sales of loans and investments” for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 to be consistent with classifications adopted for 2013, and had no effect on net income, total assets, or total liabilities.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

On January 1, 2013, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), “Reporting Amounts Reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” The objective of this new guidance is to improve the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The impact of adopting this new guidance was immaterial and there was no impact on our results of operations.


11


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
2.
Allowance for Loan Losses
1.Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)



loan receivable may progress through the various delinquency stages and ultimately charge off. We may also take into account the current and future economic environment and other qualitative factors when calculating the allowance for loan losses.
The evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant changes. Our default estimates are based on a loss confirmation period (loss confirmation period represents the expected period between a loss event and when management considers the debt to be uncollectible), taking into consideration account management practices that affect the timing of a loss, such as the usage of forbearance.
Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank exercised its right and sold substantially all of the Private Education Loans it originated that became delinquent or were granted forbearance to one or more of its then affiliates. Because of this arrangement, the Bank did not hold many loans in forbearance. As a result, the Bank had very little historical forbearance activity and very few delinquencies.
In connection with the Spin-Off, the agreement under which the Bank previously made these sales was amended so that the Bank now only has the right to require Navient to purchase loans only where (a) the borrower has a lending relationship with both the Bank and Navient (“Split Loans”) and (b) the Split Loans either (1) are more than 90 days past due; (2) have been restructured; (3) have been granted a hardship forbearance or more than six months of administrative forbearance; or (4) have a borrower or cosigner who has filed for bankruptcy. At June 30, 2014, we held approximately $1.3 billion of Split Loans.
Pre-Spin-Off SLM’s default aversion strategies were focused on the final stages of delinquency, from 150 days to 212 days. As a result of changing our corporate charge-off policy and greatly reducing the number of potentially delinquent loans we sell to Navient, our default aversion strategies must now focus exclusively on loans 60 to 120 days delinquent. This change has the effect of accelerating the recognition of losses due to the shorter charge-off period (120 days). In addition, we changed our loss confirmation period from two years to one year to reflect the shorter charge-off policy and our revised servicing practices. These two changes resulted in a $14 million net reduction in our allowance for loan losses because we are now only reserving for one year of losses as compared with two years under the prior policy, which more than offset the impact of the shorter charge-off period.
The one-year estimate underlying the allowance for loan losses is subject to a number of assumptions. If actual future performance in delinquency, charge-offs and recoveries are significantly different than estimated, or account management assumptions or practices were to change, this could materially affect the estimate of the allowance for loan losses, the timing of when losses are recognized, and the related provision for loan losses on our consolidated statements of income.

Separately, for our troubled debt restructurings ("TDR") portfolio, we estimate an allowance amount sufficient to cover life-of-loan expected losses through an impairment calculation based on the difference between the loan’s basis and the present value of expected future cash flows (which would include life-of-loan default and recovery assumptions) discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. Our TDR portfolio is comprised mostly of loans with interest rate reductions and forbearance usage greater than three months.
Income Taxes
In connection with the Spin-Off, the Company will be the taxpayer legally responsible for $283 million of deferred taxes payable (installment payments due quarterly through 2018) in connection with gains recognized by pre-Spin-Off SLM on debt repurchases in prior years. As part of the tax sharing agreement between the Company and Navient, Navient has agreed to fully pay us for these deferred taxes due. An indemnification receivable of $264 million was recorded, which represents the fair value of the future payments under the agreement based a discounted cash flow model. We will accrue interest income on the indemnification receivable using the interest method.
The Company also recorded a liability related to uncertain tax positions of $27 million for which we are indemnified by Navient. If there is an adjustment to the indemnified uncertain tax liability, an offsetting adjustment to the indemnification receivable will be recorded as pre-tax adjustment to the income statement.
As of the date of the Spin-Off on April 30, 2014, we recorded a liability of $310 million ($283 million related to deferred taxes and $27 million related to uncertain tax positions) and an indemnification receivable of $291 million ($310 million less the $19 million discount). As of June 30, 2014, the liability balance is $303 million ($283 million related to deferred taxes and $20 million related to uncertain tax positions) and the indemnification receivable balance is $270 million ($250 million related to deferred taxes and $20 million related to uncertain tax positions).

12


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
1.Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)


Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective on January 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting.



2. Investments

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale are as follows:

  As of June 30, 2014
  Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities $150,117
 $1,736
 $(2,454) $149,399
Available for sale securities $150,117
 $1,736
 $(2,454) $149,399
         
  As of December 31, 2013
  Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities $106,977
 $706
 $(5,578) $102,105
Available for sale securities $106,977
 $706
 $(5,578) $102,105
Our investment portfolio is comprised of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and Fannie Mae, with amortized cost of $74,563, $68,435 and $7,119, respectively, at June 30, 2014. We own these securities to meet our requirements under the Community Reinvestment Act. As of June 30, 2014, there were 13 of 47 separate mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses in our investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2013, there were 20 of 33 separate mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses in our investment portfolio. As of June 30, 2014, 7 of the 13 securities in a net loss position were issued under Ginnie Mae programs that carry a full faith and credit guarantee from the U.S. Government. The remaining securities in a net loss position carry a principal and interest guarantee by Fannie Mae. We have the ability and the intent to hold these securities for a period of time sufficient for the market price to recover to at least the adjusted amortized cost of the security.
The expected payments on mortgage-backed securities may not coincide with their contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay certain obligations. Accordingly, these securities are not included in a maturities distribution.
The mortgage-backed securities have been pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) as collateral against any advances and accrued interest under the Primary Credit program or any other program sponsored by the FRB. We had $138,458 and $103,049 par value of mortgage-backed securities pledged to this borrowing facility at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, as discussed further in Note 6, “Borrowed Funds.”
As of June 30, 2014, the amortized cost and fair value of securities, by contractual maturities, were as follows:

13


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
2.Investments (Continued)

Year of Maturity Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value
2038 $767
 $837
2039 13,186
 14,111
2042 29,173
 27,515
2043 76,126
 75,974
2044 30,865
 30,962
Total $150,117
 $149,399



14


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)


3. Loans Held for Investment
Loans Held for Investment consist of Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans.
Our Private Education Loans are made largely to bridge the gap between the cost of higher education and the amount funded through financial aid, federal loans or customers’ resources. Private Education Loans bear the full credit risk of the customer. We manage this additional risk through historical risk-performance underwriting strategies and the addition of qualified cosigners. Private Education Loans generally carry a variable rate indexed to LIBOR. We provide incentives for customers to include a cosigner on the loan, and the vast majority of loans in our portfolio are cosigned. We also encourage customers to make payments while in school.
FFELP Loans are insured as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of default subject to a Risk Sharing level based on the date of loan disbursement. When a FFELP Loan first disbursed on and after July 1, 2006 defaults, the federal government guarantees 97 percent of the principal balance plus accrued interest (98 percent on loans disbursed before July 1, 2006) and the holder of the loan is at risk for the remaining amount not guaranteed as a Risk Sharing loss on the loan. FFELP Loans originated after October 1, 1993 are subject to Risk Sharing on loan default claim payments unless the default results from the borrower’s death, disability or bankruptcy.
Loans held for investment are summarized as follows:
  June 30, December 31,
  2014 2013
Private Education Loans $7,482,794
 $6,563,342
Unearned discounts 7,746
 5,063
Allowance for loan losses (54,315) (61,763)
Total Private Education Loans, net 7,436,225
 6,506,642
     
FFELP Loans 1,360,107
 1,426,972
Unamortized acquisition costs, net 3,851
 4,081
Allowance for loan losses (6,212) (6,318)
Total FFELP Loans, net 1,357,746
 1,424,735
     
Loans held for investment, net $8,793,971
 $7,931,377

The estimated weighted average life of Private Education Loans in our portfolio was approximately 6.6 years and 7.0 years at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

15


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
3.Loans Held for Investment (Continued)


The average balance and the respective weighted average interest rates are summarized as follows:

  Three Months Ended June 30, 2014 Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
  Average Balance Weighted Average Interest Rate Average Balance Weighted Average Interest Rate
Private Education Loans $7,350,825
 8.23% $5,533,745
 8.2%
FFELP Loans 1,374,291
 3.33
 1,087,954
 3.32
Total portfolio $8,725,116
 
 $6,621,699
 

  Six Months Ended June 30, 2014 Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
  Average Balance Weighted Average Interest Rate Average Balance Weighted Average Interest Rate
Private Education Loans $7,382,565
 8.19% $5,863,633
 8.13%
FFELP Loans 1,387,358
 3.27
 1,064,303
 3.3
Total portfolio $8,769,923
   $6,927,936
  



16


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)


4. Allowance for Loan Losses
Our provisions for loanPrivate Education Loan losses represent the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb incurred probable losses, net of expected recoveries, in the held-for-investment loan portfolios. The evaluation of the provisionsallowance for loan losses is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant changes. We believe that the allowance for loan losses is appropriate to cover probable losses incurred in the loan portfolios. We segregate ourSee Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies - Allowance for Private Education Loan portfolio into two classes of loans — traditional and non-traditional. Non-traditional loans are loans to (i) customers attending for-profit schools with an original Fair Isaac and Company (“FICO”) score of less than 670 and (ii) customers attending not-for-profit schools with an original FICO score of less than 640. The FICO score used in determining whetherLosses” for a loan is non-traditional is the greater of the customer or cosigner FICO score at origination. Traditional loans are defined as all other Private Education Loans that are not classified as non-traditional.

more detailed discussion.


Allowance for Loan Losses Metrics

  Allowance for Loan Losses
  Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
  FFELP Loans 
Private Education
Loans
 Total
Allowance for Loan Losses      
Beginning balance $6,181
 $71,453
 $77,634
Total provision 685
 329
 1,014
Charge-offs(1)
 (654) 
 (654)
Student loan sales(2)
 
 (17,467) (17,467)
Ending Balance $6,212
 $54,315
 $60,527
Allowance:      
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $
 $1,037
 $1,037
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $6,212
 $53,278
 $59,490
Loans:      
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $
 $4,508
 $4,508
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $1,360,107
 $7,478,286
 $8,838,393
Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) 0.07% %  
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.46% 0.73%  
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment 0.66% 1.23%  
Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized) 2.40
 
  
Ending total loans, gross $1,360,107
 $7,482,794
  
Average loans in repayment $973,894
 $4,322,356
  
Ending loans in repayment $947,972
 $4,425,573
  

    (1)

   Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP Loans  Private Education
Loans
  Other
Loans
  Total 

Allowance for Loan Losses

     

Beginning balance

  $133   $2,149   $35   $2,317  

Total provision

   12    195        207  

Charge-offs(1)

   (15  (205  (3  (223

Reclassification of interest reserve(2)

       5        5  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $130   $2,144   $32   $2,306  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance:

     

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

  $   $1,091   $24   $1,115  

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment

  $130   $1,053   $8   $1,191  

Loans:

     

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

  $   $8,982   $49   $9,031  

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment

  $105,422   $31,640   $91   $137,153  

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)

   .08  2.57  7.70 

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment and forbearance (annualized)

   .06  2.48  7.70 

Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance

   .12  5.28  22.90 

Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment

   .17  6.77  22.90 

Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized)

   2.2    2.6    2.8   

Ending total loans(3)

  $105,422   $40,622   $140   

Average loans in repayment

  $78,012   $31,630   $148   

Ending loans in repayment

  $77,618   $31,651   $140   

(1)

Charge-offs are reported net of expected recoveries. For Private Education Loans, the expected recovery amount is transferred to the receivable for partially charged-off loan balance. Charge-offs include charge-offs against the receivable for partially charged-off loans which represents the difference between what was expected to be collected and any shortfalls in what was actually collected in the period. See “Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans” for further discussion.

(2)

Represents the additional allowance related to the amount of uncollectible interest reserved within interest income that is transferred in the period to the allowance for loan losses when interest is capitalized to a loan’s principal balance.

(3)

Ending total loans for Private Education Loans includes the receivable for partially charged-off loans.

Prior to the Spin-Off, Private Education Loans were sold to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient prior to being charged-off.

(2) Represents fair value write-downs on delinquent loans sold prior to the Spin-Off to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient, recorded at the time of sale.


17


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
2.
4.Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

   Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP Loans  Private Education
Loans
  Other
Loans
  Total 

Allowance for Loan Losses

     

Beginning balance

  $173   $2,186   $59   $2,418  

Total provision

   18    252        270  

Charge-offs(1)

   (23  (250  (6  (279

Student loan sales

   (2          (2

Reclassification of interest reserve(2)

       8        8  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $166   $2,196   $53   $2,415  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance:

     

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

  $   $1,056   $40   $1,096  

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment

  $166   $1,140   $13   $1,319  

Loans:

     

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

  $   $7,099   $76   $7,175  

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment

  $126,441   $33,012   $146   $159,599  

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)

   .10  3.23  9.58 

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment and forbearance (annualized)

   .08  3.11  9.58 

Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance

   .13  5.48  23.92 

Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment

   .18  7.09  23.92 

Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized)

   1.8    2.2    2.4   

Ending total loans(3)

  $126,441   $40,111   $222   

Average loans in repayment

  $90,898   $30,816   $231   

Ending loans in repayment

  $90,481   $30,972   $222   

(1)

Charge-offs are reported net of expected recoveries. For Private Education Loans, the expected recovery amount is transferred to the receivable for partially charged-off loan balance. Charge-offs include charge-offs against the receivable for partially charged-off loans which represents the difference between what was expected to be collected and any shortfalls in what was actually collected in the period. See “Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans” for further discussion.

(2)

Represents the additional allowance related to the amount of uncollectible interest reserved within interest income that is transferred in the period to the allowance for loan losses when interest is capitalized to a loan’s principal balance.

(3)

Ending total loans for Private Education Loans includes the receivable for partially charged-off loans.


  Allowance for Loan Losses
  Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
  FFELP Loans 
Private Education
Loans
 Total
Allowance for Loan Losses      
Beginning balance $4,199
 $65,381
 $69,580
Total provision 951
 (1,966) (1,015)
Charge-offs(1)
 (534) 
 (534)
Student loan sales(2)
 
 (12,546) (12,546)
Ending Balance $4,616
 $50,869
 $55,485
Allowance:      
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $
 $
 $
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $4,616
 $50,869
 $55,485
Loans:      
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $
 $
 $
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $1,162,476
 $5,383,128
 $6,545,604
Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) 0.06% %  
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.40% 0.94%  
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment 0.56% 1.65%  
Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized) 2.16
 
  
Ending total loans, gross $1,162,476
 $5,383,128
  
Average loans in repayment $825,038
 $3,243,513
  
Ending loans in repayment $824,523
 $3,081,929
  

(1) Prior to the Spin-Off, Private Education Loans were sold to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient prior to being charged-off.
(2) Represents fair value write-downs on delinquent loans sold prior to the Spin-Off to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient, recorded at the time of sale.

18


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
2.
4.Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP Loans  Private Education
Loans
  Other
Loans
  Total 

Allowance for Loan Losses

     

Beginning balance

  $159   $2,171   $47   $2,377  

Total provision

   42    607        649  

Charge-offs(1)

   (57  (649  (15  (721

Student loan sales

   (14          (14

Reclassification of interest reserve(2)

       15        15  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $130   $2,144   $32   $2,306  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance:

     

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

  $   $1,091   $24   $1,115  

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment

  $130   $1,053   $8   $1,191  

Loans:

     

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

  $   $8,982   $49   $9,031  

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment

  $105,422   $31,640   $91   $137,153  

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)

   .09  2.74  12.14 

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment and forbearance (annualized)

   .08  2.65  12.14 

Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance

   .12  5.28  22.90 

Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment

   .17  6.77  22.90 

Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized)

   1.7    2.5    1.6   

Ending total loans(3)

  $105,422   $40,622   $140   

Average loans in repayment

  $82,196   $31,631   $163   

Ending loans in repayment

  $77,618   $31,651   $140   

(1)

Charge-offs are reported net of expected recoveries. For Private Education Loans, the expected recovery amount is transferred to the receivable for partially charged-off loan balance. Charge-offs include charge-offs against the receivable for partially charged-off loans which represents the difference between what was expected to be collected and any shortfalls in what was actually collected in the period. See “Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans” for further discussion.

(2)

Represents the additional allowance related to the amount of uncollectible interest reserved within interest income that is transferred in the period to the allowance for loan losses when interest is capitalized to a loan’s principal balance.

(3)

Ending total loans for Private Education Loans includes the receivable for partially charged-off loans.


  Allowance for Loan Losses
  Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
  FFELP Loans 
Private Education
Loans
 Total
Allowance for Loan Losses      
Beginning balance $6,318
 $61,763
 $68,081
Total provision 1,191
 38,982
 40,173
Charge-offs(1)
 (1,297) 
 (1,297)
Student loan sales(2)
 
 (46,430) (46,430)
Ending Balance $6,212
 $54,315
 $60,527
Allowance:      
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $
 $1,037
 $1,037
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $6,212
 $53,278
 $59,490
Loans:      
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $
 $4,508
 $4,508
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $1,360,107
 $7,478,286
 $8,838,393
Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) 0.13% %  
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.46% 0.73%  
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment 0.66% 1.23%  
Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized) 2.40
 
  
Ending total loans, gross $1,360,107
 $7,482,794
  
Average loans in repayment $994,290
 $4,354,878
  
Ending loans in repayment $947,972
 $4,425,573
  

(1) Prior to the Spin-Off, Private Education Loans were sold to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient prior to being charged-off.
(2) Represents fair value write-downs on delinquent loans sold prior to the Spin-Off to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient, recorded at the time of sale.

19


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
2.
4.Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP Loans  Private Education
Loans
  Other
Loans
  Total 

Allowance for Loan Losses

     

Beginning balance

  $187   $2,171   $69   $2,427  

Total provision

   54    712        766  

Charge-offs(1)

   (68  (709  (16  (793

Student loan sales

   (7          (7

Reclassification of interest reserve(2)

       22        22  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $166   $2,196   $53   $2,415  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance:

     

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

  $   $1,056   $40   $1,096  

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment

  $166   $1,140   $13   $1,319  

Loans:

     

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment

  $   $7,099   $76   $7,175  

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment

  $126,441   $33,012   $146   $159,599  

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)

   .10  3.10  8.79 

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment and forbearance (annualized)

   .08  2.97  8.79 

Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance

   .13  5.48  23.92 

Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment

   .18  7.09  23.92 

Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized)

   1.8    2.3    2.5   

Ending total loans(3)

  $126,441   $40,111   $222   

Average loans in repayment

  $92,157   $30,577   $242   

Ending loans in repayment

  $90,481   $30,972   $222   

(1)

Charge-offs are reported net of expected recoveries. For Private Education Loans, the expected recovery amount is transferred to the receivable for partially charged-off loan balance. Charge-offs include charge-offs against the receivable for partially charged-off loans which represents the difference between what was expected to be collected and any shortfalls in what was actually collected in the period. See “Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans” for further discussion.

(2)

Represents the additional allowance related to the amount of uncollectible interest reserved within interest income that is transferred in the period to the allowance for loan losses when interest is capitalized to a loan’s principal balance.

(3)

Ending total loans for Private Education Loans includes the receivable for partially charged-off loans.


  Allowance for Loan Losses
  Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
  FFELP Loans 
Private Education
Loans
 Total
Allowance for Loan Losses      
Beginning balance $3,971
 $65,218
 $69,189
Total provision 1,399
 18,278
 19,677
Charge-offs(1)
 (754) 
 (754)
Student loan sales(2)
 
 (32,627) (32,627)
Ending Balance $4,616
 $50,869
 $55,485
Allowance:      
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $
 $
 $
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $4,616
 $50,869
 $55,485
Loans:      
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $
 $
 $
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $1,162,476
 $5,383,128
 $6,545,604
Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) 0.09% %  
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.40% 0.94%  
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment 0.56% 1.65%  
Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized) 3.00
 
  
Ending total loans, gross $1,162,476
 $5,383,128
  
Average loans in repayment $825,038
 $3,670,291
  
Ending loans in repayment $824,523
 $3,081,929
  

(1) Prior to the Spin-Off, Private Education Loans were sold to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient prior to being charged-off.
(2) Represents fair value write-downs on delinquent loans sold prior to the Spin-Off to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient, recorded at the time of sale.
All of our loans are collectively assessed for impairment except for loans classified as TDR's. Prior to the Spin-Off transaction that occurred on April 30, 2014, we did not have TDR loans because the loans were generally sold in the same month that the terms were restructured. Subsequent to May 1, 2014, we have individually assessed $4.5 million of Private Education Loans as TDRs. When these loans are determined to be impaired, we provide for an allowance for losses sufficient to cover life-of-loan expected losses through an impairment calculation based on the difference between the loan's basis and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate.
Within the Private Education Loan portfolio, loans greater than 90 days past due are considered to be nonperforming. FFELP Loans are at least 97 percent guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest by the federal government in the event of default, and therefore, we do not deem FFELP Loans as nonperforming from a credit risk standpoint at any point in their life cycle prior to claim payment, and continue to accrue interest through the date of claim.


20


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
2.
4.Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)




Key Credit Quality Indicators

FFELP Loans are substantiallyat least 97 percent insured and guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of default; therefore, thethere is no key credit quality indicator for thisthat will have a material impact to our financial results. Included within our FFELP portfolio June 30, 2014 are $853 million of FFELP rehabilitation loans. These loans have previously defaulted but have subsequently been brought current according to a loan rehabilitation agreement. The credit performance on rehabilitation loans is loan status. The impactworse than the remainder of changes in loan status is incorporated quarterly into the allowance for loan losses calculation.

our FFELP portfolio. At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, 62.7 percent and 62.9 percent of our FFELP portfolio consisted of rehabilitation loans.

For Private Education Loans, the key credit quality indicators are school type, FICO scores, the existence of a cosigner, the loan status and loan seasoning. The school type/FICO score are assessed at origination and maintained through the traditional/non-traditional loan designation. The other Private Education Loan key quality indicators can change and are incorporated quarterly into the allowance for loan losses calculation. The following table highlights the gross principal balance (excluding the receivable for partially charged-off loans) of our Private Education Loan portfolio stratified by the key credit quality indicators.

   Private Education Loans
Credit Quality Indicators
 
   September 30, 2013  December 31, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Balance(3)   % of Balance  Balance(3)   % of Balance 

Credit Quality Indicators

       

School Type/FICO Scores:

       

Traditional

  $36,353     93 $35,347     92

Non-Traditional(1)

   2,947     7    3,207     8  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $39,300     100 $38,554     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cosigners:

       

With cosigner

  $26,277     67 $24,907     65

Without cosigner

   13,023     33    13,647     35  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $39,300     100 $38,554     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Seasoning(2):

       

1-12 payments

  $5,855     15 $7,371     19

13-24 payments

   5,765     15    6,137     16  

25-36 payments

   6,227     16    6,037     16  

37-48 payments

   4,871     12    4,780     12  

More than 48 payments

   10,041     25    8,325     22  

Not yet in repayment

   6,541     17    5,904     15  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $39,300     100 $38,554     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 


  Private Education Loans
  Credit Quality Indicators
  June 30, 2014 December 31, 2013
Credit Quality Indicators: 
Balance(1)
 % of Balance 
Balance(1)
 % of Balance
         
Cosigners:        
With cosigner $6,715,407
 90% $5,898,751
 90%
Without cosigner 767,387
 10
 664,591
 10
Total $7,482,794
 100% $6,563,342
 100%
         
FICO at Origination:        
Less than 670 $510,193
 7% $461,412
 7%
670-699 1,108,321
 15
 1,364,286
 21
700-749 2,357,153
 31
 1,649,192
 25
Greater than or equal to 750 3,507,127
 47
 3,088,452
 47
Total $7,482,794
 100% $6,563,342
 100%
         
Seasoning(2):
        
1-12 payments $2,465,454
 33% $1,840,538
 28%
13-24 payments 1,063,082
 14
 1,085,393
 17
25-36 payments 512,958
 7
 669,685
 10
37-48 payments 384,450
 5
 362,124
 6
More than 48 payments 39,593
 1
 30,891
 
Not yet in repayment 3,017,257
 40
 2,574,711
 39
Total $7,482,794
 100% $6,563,342
 100%
(1) 

Defined as loans to customers attending for-profit schools (with a FICO score of less than 670 at origination) and customers attending not-for-profit schools (with a FICO score of less than 640 at origination).

Balance represents gross Private Education Loans.

(2) 

Number of months in active repayment for which a scheduled payment was due.

(3)

Balance represents gross Private Education Loans.


21


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
2.
4.Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)



The following tables provide information regarding the loan status and aging of past due loans.

   FFELP Loan Delinquencies 
   September 30,
2013
  December 31,
2012
 

(Dollars in millions)

  Balance  %  Balance  % 

Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)

  $14,613    $17,702   

Loans in forbearance(2)

   13,191     15,902   

Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:

     

    Loans current

   64,144    82.6  75,499    83.2

    Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)

   3,798    4.9    4,710    5.2  

    Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)

   2,734    3.5    2,788    3.1  

    Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)

   6,942    9.0    7,734    8.5  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total FFELP Loans in repayment

   77,618    100  90,731    100
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total FFELP Loans, gross

   105,422     124,335   

FFELP Loan unamortized premium

   1,058     1,436   
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Total FFELP Loans

   106,480     125,771   

FFELP Loan allowance for losses

   (130   (159 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

FFELP Loans, net

  $106,350    $125,612   
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Percentage of FFELP Loans in repayment

    73.6   73.0
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Delinquencies as a percentage of FFELP Loans in repayment

    17.4   16.8
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

FFELP Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance

    14.5   14.9
   

 

 

   

 

 

 


  Private Education Loan Delinquencies 
  June 30, December 31, 
  2014 2013 
  Balance % Balance % 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
 $3,017,257
   $2,574,711
   
Loans in forbearance(2)
 39,964
   16,314
   
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:         
Loans current 4,396,772
 99.3% 3,933,143
 99.0% 
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
 21,381
 0.5
 28,854
 0.7
 
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
 5,987
 0.1
 10,280
 0.3
 
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
 1,433
 0.1
 40
 
 
Total private education loans in repayment 4,425,573
 100.0% 3,972,317
 100.0% 
Total private education loans, gross 7,482,794
   6,563,342
   
Private education loans unamortized discount 7,746
   5,063
   
Total private education loans 7,490,540
   6,568,405
   
Private education loans allowance for losses (54,315)   (61,763)   
Private education loans, net $7,436,225
   $6,506,642
   
Percentage of private education loans in repayment   59.1%   60.5% 
Delinquencies as a percentage of private education loans in repayment   0.7%   1.0% 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance   0.9%   0.4% 
(1)

Loans for customers who may still be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not required to make payments on their loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation, as well as loans for customers who have requested and qualify for other permitted program deferments such as military, unemployment, or economic hardships.

(2)

Loans for customers who have used their allowable deferment time or do not qualify for deferment, that need additional time to obtain employment or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors.

(3)

The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2.Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

   Private Education Traditional Loan
Delinquencies
 
   September 30,
2013
  December 31,
2012
 

(Dollars in millions)

  Balance  %  Balance  % 

Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)

  $6,112    $5,421   

Loans in forbearance(2)

   971     996   

Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:

     

    Loans current

   27,015    92.3  26,597    91.9

    Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)

   812    2.8    837    2.9  

    Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)

   519    1.7    375    1.3  

    Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)

   924    3.2    1,121    3.9  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

    Total traditional loans in repayment

   29,270    100  28,930    100
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total traditional loans, gross

   36,353     35,347   

Traditional loans unamortized discount

   (650   (713 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Total traditional loans

   35,703     34,634   

Traditional loans receivable for partially charged-off loans

   798     797   

Traditional loans allowance for losses

   (1,611   (1,637 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Traditional loans, net

  $34,890    $33,794   
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Percentage of traditional loans in repayment

    80.5   81.9
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Delinquencies as a percentage of traditional loans in repayment

    7.7   8.1
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance

    3.2   3.3
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on theirthe loans e.g.(e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.

preparation).

(2)

Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

(3)

The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.





22


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
2.
4.Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

   Private Education Non-Traditional
Loan Delinquencies
 
   September 30,
2013
  December 31,
2012
 

(Dollars in millions)

  Balance  %  Balance  % 

Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)

  $429    $483   

Loans in forbearance(2)

   137     140   

Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:

     

    Loans current

   1,841    77.3  1,978    76.5

    Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)

   154    6.5    175    6.8  

    Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)

   122    5.1    106    4.1  

    Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)

   264    11.1    325    12.6  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

    Total non-traditional loans in repayment

   2,381    100  2,584    100
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total non-traditional loans, gross

   2,947     3,207   

Non-traditional loans unamortized discount

   (76   (83 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Total non-traditional loans

   2,871     3,124   

Non-traditional loans receivable for partially charged-off loans

   524     550   

Non-traditional loans allowance for losses

   (533   (534 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Non-traditional loans, net

  $2,862    $3,140   
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Percentage of non-traditional loans in repayment

    80.8   80.6
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Delinquencies as a percentage of non-traditional loans in repayment

    22.7   23.4
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance

    5.4   5.1
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not required to make payments on their loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.

(2)

Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

(3)

The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans

At the end of each month, for loans that are 212 days past due, we charge off the estimated loss of a defaulted loan balance. Actual recoveries are applied against the remaining loan balance that was not charged off. We refer to this remaining loan balance as the “receivable for partially charged-off loans.” If actual periodic recoveries are less than expected, the difference is immediately charged off through the allowance for loan losses with an offsetting reduction in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans. If actual periodic recoveries are greater than expected, they will be reflected as a recovery through the allowance for Private Education Loan losses once the cumulative recovery amount exceeds the cumulative amount originally expected to be recovered. Private Education Loans which defaulted between 2008 and 2012 for which we have previously charged off estimated losses have, to varying degrees, not met our post-default recovery expectations to date and may continue not to do so. Our allowance for loan losses takes into account these potential recovery uncertainties. In the third quarter of

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2.Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

2013 we increased our allowance related to these potential recovery shortfalls by approximately $112 million. According to our policy, we have been charging off these periodic shortfalls in expected recoveries against our allowance for Private Education Loan losses and the related receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans and we will continue to do so. There was $329 million and $187 million in allowance for Private Education Loan losses at September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, providing for possible additional future charge-offs related to the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans.

The following table summarizes the activity in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

  2013  2012  2013  2012 

Receivable at beginning of period

  $1,334   $1,277 �� $1,347   $1,241  

Expected future recoveries of current period defaults(1)

   68    86    216    237  

Recoveries(2)

   (55  (45  (177  (139

Charge-offs(3)

   (25  (15  (64  (36
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Receivable at end of period

   1,322    1,303    1,322    1,303  

Allowance for estimated recovery shortfalls(4)

   (329  (187  (329  (187
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net receivable at end of period

  $993   $1,116   $993   $1,116  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Represents the difference between the loan balance and our estimate of the amount to be collected in the future.

(2)

Current period cash collections.

(3)

Represents the current period recovery shortfall — the difference between what was expected to be collected and what was actually collected. These amounts are included in the Private Education Loan total charge-offs as reported in the “Allowance for Loan Losses Metrics” tables.

(4)

The allowance for estimated recovery shortfalls of the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans is a component of the $2.1 billion and $2.2 billion overall allowance for Private Education Loan losses as of September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”)

We modify the terms of loans for certain customers when we believe such modifications may increase the ability and willingness of a customer to make payments and thus increase the ultimate overall amount collected on a loan. These modifications generally take the form of a forbearance, a temporary interest rate reduction or an extended repayment plan. For customers experiencing financial difficulty, certain Private Education Loans for which we have granted either cumulative forbearance of greater than three months, an interest rate reduction or an extended repayment plan are classified as TDRs. Forbearance provides customers the ability to defer payments for a period of time, but does not result in the forgiveness of any principal or interest. While in forbearance status, interest continues to accrue and is capitalized to principal when the loan re-enters repayment status. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the percentage of loans granted forbearance that have migrated to a TDR classification due to the extension of the original forbearance period was 43 percent for each period. The unpaid principal balance of TDR loans that were in an interest rate reduction plan as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was $1.5 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2.Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, all of our TDR loans had a related allowance recorded. The following table provides the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance for our TDR loans.

   TDR Loans 

(Dollars in millions)

  Recorded
Investment(1)
   Unpaid
Principal
Balance
   Related
Allowance
 

September 30, 2013

      

Private Education Loans — Traditional

  $7,251    $7,307    $830  

Private Education Loans — Non-Traditional

   1,423     1,424     261  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $8,674    $8,731    $1,091  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2012

      

Private Education Loans — Traditional

  $5,999    $6,074    $844  

Private Education Loans — Non-Traditional

   1,295     1,303     282  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $7,294    $7,377    $1,126  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

The recorded investment is equal to the unpaid principal balance and accrued interest receivable net of unamortized deferred fees and costs.

The following table provides the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for our TDR loans.

   Three Months Ended September 30, 
   2013   2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Average
Recorded
Investment
   Interest
Income
Recognized
   Average
Recorded
Investment
   Interest
Income
Recognized
 

Private Education Loans — Traditional

  $7,246    $108    $5,481    $87  

Private Education Loans — Non-Traditional

   1,477     29     1,274     27  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $8,723    $137    $6,755    $114  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013   2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Average
Recorded

Investment
   Interest
Income
Recognized
   Average
Recorded
Investment
   Interest
Income
Recognized
 

Private Education Loans — Traditional

  $6,768    $304    $5,010    $241  

Private Education Loans — Non-Traditional

   1,420     83     1,197     78  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $8,188    $387    $6,207    $319  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2.Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

The following table provides information regarding the loan status and aging of TDR loans that are past due.

   TDR Loan Delinquencies 
   September 30,
2013
  December 31, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Balance   %  Balance   % 

Loans in deferment(1)

  $789     $574    

Loans in forbearance(2)

   768      544    

Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:

       

Loans current

   5,384     75.1  4,619     73.8

Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)

   555     7.7    478     7.6  

Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)

   408     5.7    254     4.1  

Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)

   827     11.5    908     14.5  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total TDR loans in repayment

   7,174     100  6,259     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total TDR loans, gross

  $8,731     $7,377    
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

(1)

Deferment includes loans for customers who have returned to school and are not currently required to make payments on their loans.

(2)

Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

(3)

The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

The following table provides the amount of modified loans that resulted in a TDR in the periods presented. Additionally, the table summarizes charge-offs occurring in the TDR portfolio, as well as TDRs for which a payment default occurred in the current period within 12 months of the loan first being designated as a TDR. We define payment default as 60 days past due for this disclosure. The majority of our loans that are considered TDRs involve a temporary forbearance of payments and do not change the contractual interest rate of the loan.

   Three Months Ended September 30, 
   2013   2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Modified
Loans(1)
   Charge-
Offs(2)
   Payment
Default
   Modified
Loans(1)
   Charge-
Offs(2)
   Payment
Default
 

Private Education Loans — Traditional

  $651    $88    $168    $573    $96    $332  

Private Education Loans — Non-Traditional

   94     32     48     101     37     97  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $   745    $120    $216    $674    $133    $429  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013   2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Modified
Loans(1)
   Charge-
Offs(2)
   Payment
Default
   Modified
Loans(1)
   Charge-
Offs(2)
   Payment
Default
 

Private Education Loans — Traditional

  $1,686    $269    $547    $1,783    $244    $1,111  

Private Education Loans — Non-Traditional

   259     97     150     346     99     350  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $1,945    $366    $697    $2,129    $343    $1,461  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Represents period ending balance of loans that have been modified during the period and resulted in a TDR.

(2)

Represents loans that charged off that were classified as TDRs.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2.Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)


Accrued Interest Receivable

The following table provides information regarding accrued interest receivable on our Private Education Loans. The table also discloses the amount of accrued interest on loans greater than 90 days past due as compared to our allowance for uncollectible interest. The allowance for uncollectible interest exceeds the amount of accrued interest on our 90 days past due portfolio for all periods presented.

   Accrued Interest Receivable 

(Dollars in millions)

  Total   Greater Than
90 Days
Past Due
   Allowance for
Uncollectible
Interest
 

September 30, 2013

      

Private Education Loans — Traditional

  $940    $33    $46  

Private Education Loans — Non-Traditional

   97     13     21  
  

 

��

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $1,037    $46    $67  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2012

      

Private Education Loans — Traditional

  $798    $39    $45  

Private Education Loans — Non-Traditional

   106     16     22  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $904    $55    $67  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

3.Borrowings

The following table summarizes our borrowings.

   September 30, 2013   December 31, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Short
Term
   Long
Term
   Total   Short
Term
   Long
Term
   Total 

Unsecured borrowings:

            

Senior unsecured debt

  $3,201    $15,509    $18,710    $2,319    $15,446    $17,765  

Bank deposits

   5,732     1,896     7,628     4,226     3,088     7,314  

Other(1)

   806          806     1,609          1,609  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total unsecured borrowings

   9,739     17,405     27,144     8,154     18,534     26,688  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Secured borrowings:

            

FFELP Loan securitizations

        91,690     91,690          105,525     105,525  

Private Education Loan securitizations

        19,434     19,434          19,656     19,656  

FFELP Loans — other facilities

   5,794     5,394     11,188     11,651     4,827     16,478  

Private Education Loans — other facilities

        878     878          1,070     1,070  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total secured borrowings

   5,794     117,396     123,190     11,651     131,078     142,729  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total before hedge accounting adjustments

   15,533     134,801     150,334     19,805     149,612     169,417  

Hedge accounting adjustments

   39     2,143     2,182     51     2,789     2,840  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $15,572    $136,944    $152,516    $19,856    $152,401    $172,257  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

“Other” primarily consists of the obligation to return cash collateral held related to derivative exposures.

  Private Education Loan
  Accrued Interest Receivable
  Total Interest Receivable Greater than 90 days Past Due Allowance for Uncollectible Interest
       
June 30, 2014 $434,847
 $69
 $3,633
December 31, 2013 $333,857
 $1
 $4,076


23


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

3.Borrowings (Continued)

Secured Borrowings

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)



5. Deposits

The tablesfollowing table summarizes total deposits at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
  June 30, December 31, 
  2014 2013 
Deposits - interest bearing $9,503,559
 $9,239,554
 
Deposits - non-interest bearing 42,455
 55,036
 
Total Sallie Mae Bank deposits 9,546,014
 9,294,590
 
Less: money market deposits with subsidiaries (655,805) (293,040) 
Total deposits $8,890,209
 $9,001,550
 
Interest Bearing
Interest bearing deposits as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 consisted of non-maturity savings deposits, brokered and retail certificates of deposit and affiliated money market deposits, as discussed further below, summarize alland brokered money market deposits. These deposit products are serviced by third party providers. Placement fees associated with the brokered certificates of our financing entities thatdeposit are VIEsamortized into interest expense using the effective interest rate method. We recognized placement fee expense of $2,472 and $2,379 for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $5,222 and $4,879 for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. No fees were paid to third party brokers related to these certificates of deposit during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.
Historically, we have also offered consumer deposit products in the form of debit cards associated with interest bearing consumer (“NOW”) accounts to facilitate the distribution of financial aid refunds and other payables to students. These deposit products were serviced by third party providers. As of April 30, 2014, we no longer offer these products.
Interest bearing deposits at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are summarized as follows:
  June 30, 2014 December 31, 2013 
  Amount Qtr.-End Weighted Average Stated Rate Amount Year-End Weighted Average Stated Rate 
          
Money market $4,643,164
 0.60% $3,505,929
 0.60% 
Savings 727,350
 0.81
 743,742
 0.81
 
NOW 
 
 18,214
 0.12
 
Certificates of deposit 4,133,045
 1.09
 4,971,669
 1.39
 
Deposits - interest bearing $9,503,559
   $9,239,554
 

 

As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, there were $258,463 and $159,637 of deposits exceeding Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. Accrued interest on deposits was $10,167 and $13,097 at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

Money market deposits with affiliates

Our Upromise subsidiary maintains a money market deposit at the Bank which we consolidate astotaled $287,780 and $293,040 at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, which was interest bearing. Interest expense incurred on these deposits during the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 totaled $66 and $85, respectively and for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 totaled $117 and $192, respectively. The Company also maintains a result of beingmoney market deposit at the entities’ primary beneficiary. As such, these financing VIEs are accounted for as secured borrowings. We consolidate the following financing VIEs:

  September 30, 2013 
  Debt Outstanding  Carrying Amount of Assets Securing
Debt Outstanding
 

(Dollars in millions)

 Short
Term
  Long
Term
  Total  Loans  Cash  Other Assets  Total 

Secured Borrowings — VIEs:

       

FFELP Loan securitizations

 $   $91,690   $91,690   $92,865   $3,538   $715   $97,118  

Private Education Loan securitizations

      19,434    19,434    24,413    337    575    25,325  

FFELP Loans — other facilities

  4,678    3,777    8,455    8,762    151    108    9,021  

Private Education Loans — other facilities

      878    878    1,605    18    31    1,654  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total before hedge accounting adjustments

  4,678    115,779    120,457    127,645    4,044    1,429    133,118  

Hedge accounting adjustments

      1,189    1,189            951    951  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $4,678   $116,968   $121,646   $127,645   $4,044   $2,380   $134,069  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  December 31, 2012 
  Debt Outstanding  Carrying Amount of Assets Securing
Debt Outstanding
 

(Dollars in millions)

 Short
Term
  Long
Term
  Total  Loans  Cash  Other Assets  Total 

Secured Borrowings — VIEs:

       

FFELP Loan securitizations

 $   $105,525   $105,525   $107,009   $3,652   $608   $111,269  

Private Education Loan securitizations

      19,656    19,656    24,618    385    545    25,548  

FFELP Loans — other facilities

  9,551    4,154    13,705    14,050    487    197    14,734  

Private Education Loans — other facilities

      1,070    1,070    1,454    302    33    1,789  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total before hedge accounting adjustments

  9,551    130,405    139,956    147,131    4,826    1,383    153,340  

Hedge accounting adjustments

      1,113    1,113            929    929  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $9,551   $131,518   $141,069   $147,131   $4,826   $2,312   $154,269  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Bank which totaled $368,025 at June 30, 2014 and $0 at December 31, 2013.



24


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
3.
Borrowings
5.Deposits (Continued)

Securitizations

The following table summarizes the securitization transactions that occurred during the year ended


NonInterest Bearing

Noninterest bearing deposits as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 20122013 consisted of money market deposit accounts and are summarized as follows:
  June 30, December 31,
  2014 2013
     
Money market $42,455
 $55,036
Deposits - noninterest bearing $42,455
 $55,036

6. Borrowed Funds

The Bank maintains discretionary uncommitted Federal Funds lines of credit with various correspondent banks, which totaled $100,000 at June 30, 2014. The interest rate charged to the nineBank on these lines of credit is priced at Fed Funds plus a spread at the time of borrowing, and is payable daily. The Bank did not utilize these lines of credit in the six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2014 and 2013.

(Dollars in millions)

         

AAA-rated bonds

 

Issue

  Date Issued   Total
Issued
  

Weighted Average
Interest Rate

  Weighted
Average
Life
 

FFELP:

       

2012-1

   January 2012    $765   1 month LIBOR plus 0.91%   4.6 years  

2012-2

   March 2012     824   1 month LIBOR plus 0.70%   4.7 years  

2012-3

   May 2012     1,252   1 month LIBOR plus 0.65%   4.6 years  

2012-4

   June 2012     1,491(1)  1 month LIBOR plus 1.10%   8.2 years  

2011-3

   July 2012     24   N/A (Retained B Notes sold)  

2012-4

   July 2012     45   N/A (Retained B Notes sold)  

2012-5

   July 2012     1,252   1 month LIBOR plus 0.67%   4.5 years  

2012-6

   September 2012     1,249   1 month LIBOR plus 0.62%   4.6 years  

2012-7

   November 2012     1,251   1 month LIBOR plus 0.55%   4.5 years  

2012-8

   December 2012     1,527   1 month LIBOR plus 0.90%   7.8 years  
    

 

 

    

Total bonds issued in 2012

    $9,680     
    

 

 

    

Total loan amount securitized in 2012

    $9,565     
    

 

 

    

2013-1

   February 2013    $1,249   1 month LIBOR plus 0.46%   4.3 years  

2013-2

   April 2013     1,246   1 month LIBOR plus 0.45%   4.4 years  

2013-3

   June 2013     1,246   1 month LIBOR plus 0.54%   4.5 years  

2013-4

   August 2013     747   1 month LIBOR plus 0.55%   4.4 years  

2013-5

   September 2013     996   1 month LIBOR plus 0.64%   4.6 years  
    

 

 

    

Total bonds issued in nine months ended September 30, 2013

    $5,484     
    

 

 

    

Total loan amount securitized in nine months ended September 30, 2013

    $5,496     
    

 

 

    

Private Education:

       

2012-A

   February 2012��   $547   1 month LIBOR plus 2.17%   3.0 years  

2012-B

   April 2012     891   1 month LIBOR plus 2.12%   2.9 years  

2012-C

   May 2012     1,135   1 month LIBOR plus 1.77%   2.6 years  

2012-D

   July 2012     640   1 month LIBOR plus 1.69%   2.5 years  

2012-E

   October 2012     976   1 month LIBOR plus 1.22%   2.6 years  
    

 

 

    

Total bonds issued in 2012

    $4,189     
    

 

 

    

Total loan amount securitized in 2012

    $5,557     
    

 

 

    

2013-R1

   January 2013    $254   1 month LIBOR plus 1.75%   6.3 years  

2013-A

   March 2013     1,108   1 month LIBOR plus 0.81%   2.6 years  

2013-B

   May 2013     1,135   1 month LIBOR plus 0.89%   2.7 years  

2013-C

   September 2013     624   1 month LIBOR plus 1.21%   3.1 years  
    

 

 

    

Total bonds issued in nine months ended September 30, 2013

    $3,121     
    

 

 

    

Total loan amount securitized in nine months ended September 30, 2013

    $3,387     
    

 

 

    

(1)

Total size excludes subordinated tranche that was retained at issuance totaling $45 million.

The Bank established an account at the FRB to meet eligibility requirements for access to the Primary Credit borrowing facility at the FRB’s Discount Window (“Window”). All borrowings at the Window must be fully collateralized. We pledged asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities, as well as FFELP consolidation and Private Education Loans to the FRB as collateral for borrowings at the Window. Generally, collateral value is assigned based on the estimated fair value of the pledged assets. At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the lendable value of our collateral at the FRB totaled $1,397,526 and $900,217, respectively. The interest rate charged to us is the discount rate set by the FRB. We did not utilize this facility in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.




25


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

3.Borrowings (Continued)

2013 Sales of FFELP Securitization Trust Residual Interests

On February 13, 2013, we sold the Residual Interest

(Dollars in a FFELP Loan securitization trust to a third party. We will continue to service the student loans in the trust under existing agreements. The sale removed securitization trust assets of $3.82 billion and related liabilities of $3.68 billion from our balance sheet.

On April 11, 2013, we sold the Residual Interest in a FFELP Loan securitization trust to a third party. We will continue to service the student loans in the trust under existing agreements. The sale removed securitization trust assets of $2.03 billion and related liabilities of $1.99 billion from our balance sheet.

On June 13, 2013, we sold the three Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts to a third party. We will continue to service the student loans in the trusts under existing agreements. The sale removed securitization trust assets of $6.60 billion and related liabilities of $6.42 billion from our balance sheet.

Additional, Recent Borrowing-Related Transactions

Senior Unsecured Debt

On January 28, 2013 and September 20, 2013, we issued $1.5 billion and $1.25 billion of senior unsecured bonds, respectively.

FFELP ABCP Facility

On June 10, 2013, we closed on a new $6.8 billion asset-backed commercial paper (“ABCP”) credit facility that matures in June 2014 to facilitate the term securitization of FFELP Loans. The facility was used in June 2013 to refinance all of the FFELP Loans previously financed through the U.S. Department of Education’s (“ED”) Conduit Program. The facility cannot be used to borrow any additional amounts. As a result, we ended our participation in the ED Conduit Program.

The cost of borrowing under the facility is the yield rate (either 30-day LIBOR daily average or commercial paper issuance cost) plus 0.50 percent, excluding up-front-commitment fees. Failure to pay off the facility on the maturity date would result in a 90-day extension of the facility with the interest rate increasing from LIBOR plus 0.75 percent to LIBOR plus 1.50 percent over that period. If, at the end of that period the facility has not been repaid, a default rate of LIBOR plus 3.00 percent would be payable until either the notes are repaid in full or the collateral is foreclosed upon. This default rate would also be triggered by the occurrence of a termination event. The facility is subject to termination under certain circumstances. Our borrowings under the facility are non-recourse. As of September 30, 2013, there was $4.7 billion outstanding under the facility. The book basis of the assets securing the facility as of September 30, 2013 was $4.9 billion.

Private Education Loan Facility

On July 17, 2013, we closed on a $1.1 billion asset-backed borrowing facility that matures on August 15, 2015. The facility was used to fund the call and redemption of our SLM 2009-D Private Education Loan Trust ABS, which occurred on August 15, 2013. The cost of borrowing under the facility is commercial paper issuance cost plus 0.75 percent, excluding up-front commitment fees. If outstanding borrowings under the facility exceed $825 million after July 15, 2014 and $550 million after January 15, 2015, the cost of borrowing increases to commercial paper issuance cost plus 1.50 percent. Failure to pay off the facility on the maturity date would result in the interest rate increasing to LIBOR plus 3.00 percent until the notes are repaid in full or the collateral is foreclosed upon. Our borrowings under the facility are non-recourse. As of September 30, 2013, there was $878 million outstanding under the facility. The book basis of the assets securing the facility as of September 30, 2013 was $1.7 billion.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

4.Derivative Financial Instruments

Our risk management strategy and use of and accounting for derivatives have not materially changed from that discussed in our 2012 Form 10-K. Please refer to “Note 7 —thousands, unless otherwise noted)




7. Derivative Financial Instruments” in our 2012 Form 10-K for a full discussion.

Instruments


Summary of Derivative Financial Statement Impact

The following tables summarize the fair values and notional amounts of all derivative instruments at SeptemberJune 30, 20132014 and December 31, 2012,2013, and their impact on other comprehensive income and earnings for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20132014 and 2012.

Impact of Derivatives on Consolidated Balance Sheet

     Cash Flow  Fair Value  Trading  Total 

(Dollars in millions)

  Hedged Risk
Exposure
 Sept. 30,
2013
  Dec. 31,
2012
  Sept. 30,
2013
  Dec. 31,
2012
  Sept. 30,
2013
  Dec. 31,
2012
  Sept. 30,
2013
  Dec. 31,
2012
 

Fair Values(1)

          

Derivative Assets:

          

Interest rate swaps

  Interest rate $16   $   $881   $1,396   $69   $150   $966   $1,546  

Cross-currency interest rate swaps

  Foreign currency
& interest rate
          1,163    1,165    1    70    1,164    1,235  

Other(2)

  Interest rate                  3    4    3    4  
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total derivative assets(3)

    16        2,044    2,561    73    224    2,133    2,785  

Derivative Liabilities:

          

Interest rate swaps

  Interest rate  (1  (11  (98  (1  (202  (197  (301  (209

Floor Income Contracts

  Interest rate                  (1,564  (2,154  (1,564  (2,154

Cross-currency interest rate swaps

  Foreign currency
& interest rate
          (175  (136  (7      (182  (136

Other(2)

  Interest rate                  (21      (21    
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total derivative liabilities(3)

    (1  (11  (273  (137  (1,794  (2,351  (2,068  (2,499
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net total derivatives

   $15   $(11 $1,771   $2,424   $(1,721 $(2,127 $65   $286  
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2013.
   June 30, December 31, 
 Location 2014 2013 
Fair Values:      
       
Interest rate swaps (receive - fixed/pay - variable)(1)
Other liabilities $(1,036) $
 
Interest rate swaps (receive - fixed/pay - variable)Other assets 
 612
 
Interest rate swaps (receive - variable/pay - fixed)Other liabilities (8,423) 
 
Total fair value  $(9,459) $612
 
       
Notional Amounts:      
       
Interest rate swaps (receive - fixed/pay - variable)(1)
  $2,811,060
 $2,664,755
 
Interest rate swaps (receive - variable/pay - fixed)  1,076,779
 
 
Total notional  $3,887,839
 $2,664,755
 
   Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 Location 2014 2013 2014 2013
          
Earnings impact:         
Interest reclassificationOther noninterest income $(2,427) 333
 (1,967) 627
Hedge ineffectivenessOther noninterest income (7,031) (385) (8,255) (69)
Realized gainsInterest expense 4,573
 7,504
 10,246
 15,508
Total earnings impact  $(4,885) $7,452
 $24
 $16,066
(1) 

Fair values reportedInterest rate swaps are exclusivehedged against certificates of collateral held and pledged and accrued interest. Assets and liabilities are presented without consideration of master netting agreements. Derivatives are carried on the balance sheet based on net position by counterparty under master netting agreements, and classified in other assets or other liabilities depending on whether in a net receivable or payable position.

deposit.

(2) 

“Other”"Other" includes embedded derivatives bifurcated from securitization debt as well as derivatives related to our Total Return Swap Facility and back-to-back private credit floors.

investment securities.

(3)

The following table reconciles gross positions without the impact of master netting agreements to the balance sheet classification:

  Other Assets  Other Liabilities 

(Dollar in millions)

 September 30,
2013
  December 31,
2012
  September 30,
2013
  December 31,
2012
 

Gross position

 $2,133   $2,785   $(2,068 $(2,499

Impact of master netting agreements

  (404  (544  404    544  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Derivative values with impact of master netting agreements (as carried on balance sheet)

  1,729    2,241    (1,664  (1,955

Cash collateral (held) pledged

  (804  (1,423  872    973  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net position

 $925   $818   $(792 $(982
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 



26


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
4.
7.Derivative Financial Instruments (Continued)

The above fair values include adjustments for counterparty credit risk both for when we are exposed


Cash Collateral
Cash collateral held related to derivative exposure between the counterparty, net of collateral postings,Company and when the counterparty is exposed to us, net of collateral postings. The net adjustments decreased the overall net asset positionsits derivatives counterparties was $2,500 and $5,190 at SeptemberJune 30, 20132014 and December 31, 2012 by $111 million and $111 million,2013, respectively. In addition, the above fair values reflect adjustments for illiquid derivatives as indicated by a wide bid/ask spread in the interest rate indices to which the derivatives are indexed. These adjustments decreased the overall net asset positions at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 by $89 million and $107 million, respectively.

   Cash Flow   Fair Value   Trading   Total 

(Dollars in billions)

  Sept. 30,
2013
   Dec. 31,
2012
   Sept. 30,
2013
   Dec. 31,
2012
   Sept. 30,
2013
   Dec. 31,
2012
   Sept. 30,
2013
   Dec. 31,
2012
 

Notional Values:

                

Interest rate swaps

  $0.5    $0.7    $16.7    $15.8    $48.0    $56.9    $65.2    $73.4  

Floor Income Contracts

                       31.8     51.6     31.8     51.6  

Cross-currency interest rate swaps

             11.7     13.7     0.3     0.3     12.0     14.0  

Other(1)

                       3.3     1.4     3.3     1.4  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives

  $0.5    $0.7    $28.4    $29.5    $83.4    $110.2    $112.3    $140.4  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

“Other” includes embedded derivatives bifurcated from securitization debt, as well as derivatives related to our Total Return Swap Facility and back to back private credit floors.

Impact of Derivatives on Consolidated Statements of Income

   Three Months Ended September 30, 
   Unrealized
Gain
(Loss) on
Derivatives(1)(2)
  Realized
Gain
(Loss) on
Derivatives(3)
  Unrealized
Gain
(Loss) on
Hedged
Item(1)
  Total Gain
(Loss)
 

(Dollars in millions)

    2013      2012    2013  2012  2013  2012  2013  2012 

Fair Value Hedges:

         

Interest rate swaps

  $(36 $20   $103   $111   $33   $(33 $100   $98  

Cross-currency interest rate swaps

   482    203    29    37    (531  (239  (20  1  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total fair value derivatives

   446    223    132    148    (498  (272  80    99  

Cash Flow Hedges:

         

Interest rate swaps

           (1  (6          (1  (6
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total cash flow derivatives

           (1  (6          (1  (6

Trading:

         

Interest rate swaps

   (8  (6  21    24            13    18  

Floor Income Contracts

   115    (12  (201  (206          (86  (218

Cross-currency interest rate swaps

   3    14        2            3    16  

Other

   (4      (1              (5    
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total trading derivatives

   106    (4  (181  (180          (75  (184
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

   552    219    (50  (38  (498  (272  4    (91

Less: realized gains (losses) recorded in interest expense

           131    142            131    142  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net

  $552   $219   $(181 $(180 $(498 $(272 $(127 $(233
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Recorded in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” in the consolidated statements of income.

(2)

Represents ineffectiveness related to cash flow hedges.

(3)

For fair value and cash flow hedges, recorded in interest expense. For trading derivatives, recorded in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net.”

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

4.Derivative Financial Instruments (Continued)

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   Unrealized
Gain
(Loss) on
Derivatives(1)(2)
  Realized
Gain
(Loss) on
Derivatives(3)
  Unrealized
Gain
(Loss) on
Hedged
Item(1)
  Total Gain
(Loss)
 

(Dollars in millions)

    2013      2012    2013  2012  2013  2012  2013  2012 

Fair Value Hedges:

         

Interest rate swaps

  $(613 $66   $317   $339   $671   $(98 $375   $307  

Cross-currency interest rate swaps

   (40  (260  76    139    (58  126    (22  5  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total fair value derivatives

   (653  (194  393    478    613    28    353    312  

Cash Flow Hedges:

         

Interest rate swaps

       (1  (6  (21          (6  (22
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total cash flow derivatives

       (1  (6  (21          (6  (22

Trading:

         

Interest rate swaps

   (85  (55  58    91            (27  36  

Floor Income Contracts

   601    174    (612  (643          (11  (469

Cross-currency interest rate swaps

   (76  (9  31    5            (45  (4

Other

   (16  5    (1  (1          (17  4  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total trading derivatives

   424    115    (524  (548          (100  (433
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

   (229  (80  (137  (91  613    28    247    (143

Less: realized gains (losses) recorded in interest expense

           387    457            387    457  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net

  $(229 $(80 $(524 $(548 $613   $28   $(140 $(600
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Recorded in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” in the consolidated statements of income.

(2)

Represents ineffectiveness related to cash flow hedges.

(3)

For fair value and cash flow hedges, recorded in interest expense. For trading derivatives, recorded in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net.”

Collateral

Collateral held andis recorded in “Other Liabilities.” Cash collateral pledged related to derivative exposuresexposure between usthe Company and our derivativeits derivatives counterparties are detailed inwas $39,569 and $40 at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.


8. Stockholders' Equity

Preferred Stock
In connection with the following table:

(Dollars in millions)

 September 30,
2013
  December 31,
2012
 

Collateral held:

  

Cash (obligation to return cash collateral is recorded in short-term borrowings)(1)

 $804   $1,423  

Securities at fair value — on-balance sheet securitization derivatives (not recorded in financial statements)(2)

  555    613  
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total collateral held

 $1,359   $2,036  
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Derivative asset at fair value including accrued interest

 $1,946   $2,570  
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Collateral pledged to others:

  

Cash (right to receive return of cash collateral is recorded in investments)

 $872   $973  
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total collateral pledged

 $872   $973  
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Derivative liability at fair value including accrued interest and premium receivable

 $1,072   $1,204  
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, $0 and $9 million, respectively, were held in restricted cash accounts.

(2)

The trusts do not have the ability to sell or re-pledge securities they hold as collateral.

Our corporate derivatives contain credit contingent features. At our current unsecured credit rating, we have fully collateralized our corporate derivative liability position (including accrued interest and netSpin-Off, the Company, by reason of premiums receivable)a statutory merger, succeeded pre-Spin-Off SLM as the issuer of $883 million with our counterparties. Further downgrades would not result in any additional

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

4.Derivative Financial Instruments (Continued)

collateral requirements, except to increase the frequency of collateral calls. Two counterparties have the right to terminate the contracts with further downgrades. We currently have a liability position with these derivative counterparties (including accrued interest and net of premiums receivable) of $203 million and have posted $196 million of collateral to these counterparties. If the credit contingent feature was triggered for these two counterpartiesSeries A Preferred Stock and the counterparties exercised their rightSeries B Preferred Stock. At June 30, 2014, we had outstanding 3.3 million shares of 6.97 percent Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series A (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) and 4.0 million shares of Floating-Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series B (the “Series B Preferred Stock”). Neither series has a maturity date but can be redeemed at our option. Redemption would include any accrued and unpaid dividends up to terminate, we would be required to deliver additional assets of $7 million to settle the contracts. Trust related derivatives doredemption date. The shares have no preemptive or conversion rights and are not contain credit contingent features related to ourconvertible into or the trusts’ credit ratings.

5.Other Assets

The following table provides the detailexchangeable for any of our other assets.

  September 30, 2013  December 31, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

 Ending
Balance
  % of
Balance
  Ending
Balance
  % of
Balance
 

Accrued interest receivable, net

 $2,167    29 $2,147    26

Derivatives at fair value

  1,729    23    2,241    27  

Income tax asset, net current and deferred

  1,344    18    1,478    18  

Accounts receivable

  873    12    1,111    13  

Benefit and insurance-related investments

  477    6    474    6  

Fixed assets, net

  240    3    215    3  

Other loans, net

  108    1    137    2  

Other

  482    8    470    5  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $7,420    100 $8,273    100
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The “Derivativessecurities or property. Dividends on both series are not mandatory and are paid quarterly, when, as, and if declared by the Board of Directors. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative, quarterly cash dividends at fair value” linethe annual rate of $3.485 per share. Holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive quarterly dividends based on 3-month LIBOR plus 170 basis points per annum in arrears. Upon liquidation or dissolution of the above table representsCompany, holders of the fairSeries A and Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive $50 and $100 per share, respectively, plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends for the then current quarterly dividend period, if any, pro rata, and before any distribution of assets are made to holders of our common stock.

Common Stock
Our shareholders have authorized the issuance of 1.125 billion shares of common stock (par value of $.20). At June 30, 2014, 423 million shares were issued and outstanding and 34 million shares were unissued but encumbered for outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and dividend equivalent units for employee compensation and remaining authority for stock-based compensation plans.
Post Spin-Off, we do not intend to initiate a publicly announced share repurchase program as a means to return capital to shareholders. We only expect to repurchase common stock acquired in connection with taxes withheld in connection with award exercises and vesting under our derivatives in a gain position by counterparty, exclusive of accrued interest and collateral. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, these balances included $1.8 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, of cross-currency interest rate swaps and interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges that were offset by an increase in interest-bearing liabilities related to the hedged debt. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the cumulative mark-to-market adjustment to the hedged debt was $(2.2) billion and $(2.8) billion, respectively.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

6.Stockholders’ Equity

employee stock based compensation plans. The following table summarizes our common share repurchases and issuances.

  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
  2013  2012  2013  2012 

Common shares repurchased(1)

      7,643,999    19,316,948    48,184,145  

Average purchase price per share(2)

 $   $15.81   $20.72   $15.16  

Shares repurchased related to employee stock-based compensation plans(3)

  251,570    1,253,922    5,616,933    3,660,554  

Average purchase price per share

 $24.73   $16.13   $21.23   $15.56  

Common shares issued(4)

  326,789    1,654,506    8,600,008    5,252,158  

issuances associated with these programs.
  
Three Months Ended
June 30, 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(Shares and per share amounts in actuals) 
2014 
 2013 
2014 
 2013
Shares repurchased related to employee stock-based compensation plans(1)
 358,771
 3,040,788
 358,771
 5,365,363
Average purchase price per share $8.62
 $22.35
 $8.62
 $20.51
Common shares issued(2)
 504,929
 4,115,424
 504,929
 8,273,219
(1)

Common shares purchased under our share repurchase program, of which $400 million remained available as of September 30, 2013.

(2)

Average purchase price per share includes purchase commission costs.

(3)

Comprises shares withheld from stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock for employees’ tax withholding obligations and shares tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs.

(4)(2)

Common shares issued under our various compensation and benefit plans.

The closing price of our common stock on SeptemberJune 30, 20132014 was $24.90.

$Dividend8.31.


27


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
8.Stockholders' Equity (Continued)



Investment with entities that are now subsidiaries of Navient

Prior to the Spin-Off transaction, there were transactions between us and Share Repurchase Program

Inaffiliates of pre-Spin-Off SLM that are now subsidiaries of Navient. As part of the third quarter 2013, wecarve-out, these expenses were included in our results even though the actual payments for the expenses were paid a common stock dividend of $0.15 per common share.

In July 2013,by the Company authorized $400 millionaforementioned affiliates. As such, amounts equal to be utilized in a new common share repurchase program that does notthese payments have an expiration date. There were no share repurchasesbeen treated as equity contributions in the third-quarter 2013. We repurchased an aggregatetable below. Certain payments made by us to these affiliates prior to the Spin-Off transaction were treated as dividends.


Net transfers (to)/from the entity that is now a subsidiary of 19 million shares for $400 millionNavient are included within Navient's subsidiary investment on the consolidated statements of changes in equity. The components of the net transfers (to)/from the entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient are summarized below:
  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2014 2013 2014 2013
Capital contributions:        
Loan origination activities $7,184
 $33,367
 $32,452
 $58,629
Loan sales 
 
 45
 25
Corporate overhead activities 3,461
 15,731
 21,216
 33,115
Other 491,936
 617
 492,368
 734
Total capital contributions 502,581
 49,715
 546,081
 92,503
Dividend 
 
 
 (120,000)
Corporate push-down (761) (1,641) 4,977
 5,627
Net change in income tax accounts 
 
 15,659
 
Net change in receivable/payable (39,655) (18,615) (87,277) (34,154)
Other 
 111
 (31) 565
Total net transfers from/(to) the entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient $462,165
 $29,570
 $479,409
 $(55,459)

Capital Contributions

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, fully utilizingpre-Spin-Off SLM contributed capital to the Company’s February 2013 share repurchase program.

In 2012, we authorizedCompany by funding loan origination activities, providing corporate overhead functions and other activities.

Capital contributed for loan origination activities reflects the repurchasefact that loan origination functions were conducted by a subsidiary of uppre-Spin-Off SLM (now a subsidiary of Navient). The Company did not pay for the costs incurred by pre-Spin-Off SLM in connection with these functions. The costs eligible to $900 millionbe capitalized are recorded on the respective balance sheets and the costs not eligible for capitalization have been recognized as expenses in the respective statements of outstanding common stock in open market transactionsincome.

Certain general corporate overhead expenses of the Company were incurred and we repurchased 58 million sharespaid for an aggregate purchase priceby pre-Spin-Off SLM.

Corporate Push-Down

The consolidated balance sheets include certain assets and liabilities that have historically been held at pre-Spin-Off SLM but which are specifically identifiable or otherwise allocable to the Company. The cash and cash equivalents held by pre-Spin-Off SLM at the corporate level were not allocated to the Company for any of $900 million.

the periods presented.


Receivable/Payable with Affiliate

28


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
7.
Earnings per Common Share
8.Stockholders' Equity (Continued)


Pre-Spin-Off, all significant intercompany payable/receivable balances between the Company and pre-Spin-Off SLM are considered to be effectively settled for cash in the combined financial statements at the time the transaction is recorded.

9. Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) are calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. The determination of the weighted-average shares and diluted potential common shares for pre-Spin-Off periods are based on the activity at pre-Spin-Off SLM. A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS calculations follows.

  Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(In millions, except per share data)

     2013          2012           2013          2012     

Numerator:

     

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation

 $260   $188    $1,149   $591  

Preferred stock dividends

  5    5     15    15  
 

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock

 $255   $183    $1,134   $576  
 

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Denominator:

     

Weighted average shares used to compute basic EPS

  436    464     442    483  

Effect of dilutive securities:

     

Dilutive effect of stock options, non-vested deferred compensation and restricted stock, restricted stock units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)(1)

  9    7     8    7  
 

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Dilutive potential common shares(2)

  9    7     8    7  
 

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Weighted average shares used to compute diluted EPS

  445    471     450    490  
 

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Basic earnings (loss) per common share attributable to SLM Corporation:

     

Continuing operations

 $.56   $.39    $2.46   $1.19  

Discontinued operations

  .02         .10      
 

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $.58   $.39    $2.56   $1.19  
 

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share attributable to SLM Corporation:

     

Continuing operations

 $.55   $.39    $2.42   $1.18  

Discontinued operations

  .02         .10      
 

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $.57   $.39    $2.52   $1.18  
 

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

  Three Months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(In thousands, except per share data) 2014 2013 2014 2013
Numerator:        
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation $44,128
 $76,469
 $91,576
 $149,353
Preferred stock dividends 3,228
 
 3,228
 
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock $40,900
 $76,469
 $88,348
 $149,353
Denominator:        
Weighted average shares used to compute basic EPS 422,805
 439,972
 424,751
 445,309
Effect of dilutive securities:        
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units (1)
 7,945
 8,092
 7,938
 7,922
Dilutive potential common shares(2)
 7,945
 8,092
 7,938
 7,922
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted EPS 430,750
 448,064
 432,689
 453,231
         
Basic earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation: $0.10
 $0.17
 $0.21
 $0.34
         
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation: $0.09
 $0.17
 $0.20
 $0.33

(1)

Includes the potential dilutive effect of additional common shares that are issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, non-vested deferred compensation and restricted stock, restricted stock units, and the outstanding commitment to issue shares under the ESPP, determined by the treasury stock method.

(2)

For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20132014 and 2012,2013, securities covering approximately 34 million and 104 million shares, respectively were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20132014 and 2012,2013, securities covering approximately 43 million and 135 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.

8.Fair Value Measurements



29


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)



10. Fair Value Measurements

We use estimates of fair value in applying various accounting standards infor our financial statements.


We categorize our fair value estimates based on a hierarchicalhierarchal framework associated with three levels of price transparency utilized in measuring financial instruments at fair value. Please refer to “Note 13 —For additional information regarding our policies for determining fair value and the hierarchical framework, see Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value Measurements”Measurement” in our 2012historical carved out audited financial statements filed with the SEC on Form 10-K8-K on May 6, 2014, for a full discussion.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, there were no significant transfers of financial instruments between levels, or changes in our methodology or assumptions used to value our financial instruments.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

8.Fair Value Measurements (Continued)


The following table summarizes the valuation of our financial instruments that are marked-to-market on a recurring basis.

  Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis 
  September 30, 2013  December 31, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

 Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total 

Assets

        

Available-for-sale investments:

        

Agency residential mortgage-backed securities

 $  —   $77   $   $77   $  —   $63   $   $63  

Guaranteed investment contracts

      8        8        9        9  

Other

      8        8        9        9  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total available-for-sale investments

      93        93        81        81  

Derivative instruments:(1)

        

Interest rate swaps

      917    49    966        1,444    102    1,546  

Cross-currency interest rate swaps

      32    1,132    1,164        48    1,187    1,235  

Other

          3    3            4    4  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total derivative assets(3)

      949    1,184    2,133        1,492    1,293    2,785  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $  —   $1,042   $1,184   $2,226   $  —   $1,573   $1,293   $2,866  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities(2)

        

Derivative instruments(1)

        

Interest rate swaps

 $  —   $(164 $(137 $(301 $   $(34 $(175 $(209

Floor Income Contracts

      (1,564      (1,564      (2,154      (2,154

Cross-currency interest rate swaps

      (11  (171  (182      (2  (134  (136

Other

          (21  (21                
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total derivative liabilities(3)

      (1,739  (329  (2,068      (2,190  (309  (2,499
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $  —   $(1,739 $(329 $(2,068 $  —   $(2,190 $(309 $(2,499
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Fair value of derivative instruments excludes accrued interest and the value of collateral.

(2)

Borrowings which are the hedged items in a fair value hedge relationship and which are adjusted for changes in value due to benchmark interest rates only are not carried at full fair value and are not reflected in this table.

(3)

See “Note 4 — Derivative Financial Instruments” for a reconciliation of gross positions without the impact of master netting agreements to the balance sheet classification.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

8.Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

  Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
  June 30, 2014 December 31, 2013
  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total 
Assets                
                 
Mortgage-backed securities $
 $149,399
 $
 $149,399
 $
 $102,105
 $
 $102,105
Derivative instruments 
 
 
 
 
 612
 
 612
Total $
 $149,399
 $
 $149,399
 $
 $102,717
 $
 $102,717

  Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
  June 30, 2014 December 31, 2013
  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total 
Liabilities                
                 
Derivative instruments $
 $(9,459) $
 $(9,459) $
 $
 $
 $
Total $
 $(9,459) $
 $(9,459) $
 $
 $
 $


The following tables summarizetable summarizes the change in balance sheet carrying value associated with level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis.

  Three Months Ended September 30, 
  2013  2012 
  Derivative instruments  Derivative instruments 

(Dollars in millions)

 Interest
Rate Swaps
  Cross
Currency
Interest
Rate Swaps
  Other  Total
Derivative
Instruments
  Interest
Rate Swaps
  Cross
Currency
Interest
Rate Swaps
  Other  Total
Derivative
Instruments
 

Balance, beginning of period

 $(88 $486   $(15 $383   $(83 $620   $5   $542  

Total gains/(losses) (realized and unrealized):

        

Included in earnings(1)

  10    499    (5  504    19    251        270  

Included in other comprehensive income

                                

Settlements

  (10  (24  2    (32  (4  (28      (32

Transfers in and/or out of level 3

                                
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

 $(88 $961   $(18 $855   $(68 $843   $5   $780  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Change in unrealized gains/(losses) relating to instruments still held at the reporting date(2)

 $8   $475   $(4 $479   $15   $224   $(1 $238  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  Nine Months Ended September 30, 
  2013  2012 
  Derivative instruments  Derivative instruments 

(Dollars in millions)

 Interest
Rate Swaps
  Cross
Currency
Interest
Rate Swaps
  Other  Total
Derivative
Instruments
  Interest
Rate Swaps
  Cross
Currency
Interest
Rate Swaps
  Other  Total
Derivative
Instruments
 

Balance, beginning of period

 $(73 $1,053   $4   $984   $(40 $1,021   $1   $982  

Total gains/(losses) (realized and unrealized):

        

Included in earnings(1)

  6        (18  (12  (3  (73  4    (72

Included in other comprehensive income

                                

Settlements

  (21  (92  (4  (117  (25  (105      (130

Transfers in and/or out of level 3

                                
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

 $(88 $961   $(18 $855   $(68 $843   $5   $780  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Change in unrealized gains/(losses) relating to instruments still held at the reporting date(2)

 $(3 $45   $(16 $26   $(26 $(178 $5   $(199
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

“Included in earnings” is comprised of the following amounts recorded in the specified line item in the consolidated statements of income:

   Three Months  Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months  Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

      2013           2012           2013           2012     

Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net

  $480    $245    $(73  $(172

Interest expense

   24     25     61     100  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $504    $270    $(12  $(72
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2)

Recorded in “gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” in the consolidated statements of income.

basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013. There were no financial instruments categorized as level 3 at June 30, 2014.

  Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
  June 30, 2013 June 30, 2013
Balance, beginning of period $589,103
 $532,155
Total gains/(losses) (realized and unrealized):    
Included in earnings (12,461) 42,026
Included in other comprehensive income 
 
Included in earnings - accretion of discount 2,141
 4,602
Proceeds from sale 
 
Transfers in and/or out of level 3 
 
Balance, end of period $578,783
 $578,783
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) relating to instruments still held at the reporting date $(12,461) $42,026

30


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
8.
10.Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The following table presents the significant inputs that are unobservable or from inactive markets used in the recurring valuations of the level 3 financial instruments detailed above.

(Dollars in millions)

 Fair Value at
September 30, 2013
  Valuation
Technique
 Input Range
(Weighted Average)

Derivatives

    

Consumer Price Index/
LIBOR basis swaps

 $41   Discounted cash flow Bid/ask adjustment

to discount rate

 0.05% — 0.05%

(0.05%)

Prime/LIBOR basis
swaps

  (129 Discounted cash flow Constant prepayment rate 4.3%
   Bid/ask adjustment to
discount rate
 0.08% — 0.08%

(0.08%)

Cross-currency interest
rate swaps

  961   Discounted cash flow Constant prepayment rate 2.6%

Other

  (18   
 

 

 

    

Total

 $855     
 

 

 

    

The significant inputs that are unobservable or from inactive markets related to our level 3 derivatives detailed in the table above would be expected to have the following impacts to the valuations:

Consumer Price Index/LIBOR basis swaps — These swaps do not actively trade in the markets as indicated by a wide bid/ask spread. A wider bid/ask spread will result in a decrease in the overall valuation.



Prime/LIBOR basis swaps — These swaps do not actively trade in the markets as indicated by a wide bid/ask spread. A wider bid/ask spread will result in a decrease in the overall valuation. In addition, the unobservable inputs include constant prepayment rates of the underlying securitization trust the swap references. A decrease in this input will result in a longer weighted average life of the swap which will increase the value for swaps in a gain position and decrease the value for swaps in a loss position, everything else equal. The opposite is true for an increase in the input.


Cross-currency interest rate swaps — The unobservable inputs used in these valuations are constant prepayment rates of the underlying securitization trust the swap references. A decrease in this input will result in a longer weighted average life of the swap. All else equal in a typical currency market, this will result in a decrease to the valuation due to the delay in the cash flows of the currency exchanges as well as diminished liquidity in the forward exchange markets as you increase the term. The opposite is true for an increase in the input.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

8.Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The following table summarizes the fair values of our financial assets and liabilities, including derivative financial instruments.

   September 30, 2013  December 31, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Fair
Value
  Carrying
Value
  Difference  Fair
Value
  Carrying
Value
  Difference 

Earning assets

       

FFELP Loans

  $105,809   $106,350   $(541 $125,042   $125,612   $(570

Private Education Loans

   37,625    37,752    (127  36,081    36,934    (853

Cash and investments(1)

   9,612    9,612        9,994    9,994      
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total earning assets

   153,046    153,714    (668  171,117    172,540    (1,423
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Interest-bearing liabilities

       

Short-term borrowings

   15,588    15,572    (16  19,861    19,856    (5

Long-term borrowings

   133,102    136,944    3,842    146,210    152,401    6,191  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

   148,690    152,516    3,826    166,071    172,257    6,186  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments

       

Floor Income Contracts

   (1,564  (1,564      (2,154  (2,154    

Interest rate swaps

   665    665        1,337    1,337      

Cross-currency interest rate swaps

   982    982        1,099    1,099      

Other

   (18  (18      4    4      
    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Excess of net asset fair value over carrying value

    $3,158     $4,763  
    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(1)

“Cash and investments” includes available-for-sale investments that consist of investments that are primarily agency securities whose cost basis is $94 million and $78 million at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, versus a fair value of $93 million and $81 million at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.


  June 30, 2014 December 31, 2013
  
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 Difference 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 Difference
Earning assets            
Loans held for investment, net $9,394,480
 $8,793,971
 $600,509
 $8,439,068
 $7,931,377
 $507,691
Cash and cash equivalents 1,524,176
 1,524,176
 
 2,182,865
 2,182,865
 
Available-for-sale investments 149,399
 149,399
 
 102,105
 102,105
 
Accrued interest receivable 453,461
 453,461
 
 356,283
 356,283
 
Derivative instruments 
 
 
 612
 612
 
Total earning assets 11,521,516
 10,921,007
 600,509
 $11,080,933
 $10,573,242
 $507,691
Interest-bearing liabilities            
Money-market, savings and NOW accounts 4,757,164
 4,757,164
 
 $4,029,881
 $4,029,881
 $
Certificates of deposit 4,148,223
 4,133,045
 (15,178) 4,984,114
 4,971,669
 (12,445)
Accrued interest payable 10,167
 10,167
 
 13,097
 13,097
 
Derivative instruments 9,459
 9,459
 
 
 
 
Total interest-bearing liabilities $8,925,013
 $8,909,835
 (15,178) $9,027,092
 $9,014,647
 (12,445)
             
Excess of net asset fair value over carrying value     $585,331
     $495,246

The following includes a discussionmethods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments whoseare as follows:
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost. Carrying value approximated fair value is included for disclosure purposes onlypurposes. These are level 1 valuations.
Investments
Investments are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value in the table above along with theirfinancial statements. Investments in mortgage-backed securities are valued using observable market prices of similar assets. As such, these are level in2 valuations.
Loans held for investment
Our FFELP Loans, Private Education Loans, and other loans are accounted for at net realizable value, or at the lower of cost or market if the loan is held-for-sale. For both FFELP and Private Education Loans, fair value hierarchy.

Student Loans

FFELP Loans

Fair values for FFELP Loans werewas determined by modeling expected loan level cash flows using stated terms of the loansassets and internally-developed assumptions.assumptions to determine aggregate portfolio yield, net present value and average life. The significant assumptions used to determine fair value are prepayment speeds, default rates, cost of funds, capital levels,required return on equity, and expected Repayment Borrower Benefits to be earned. In addition,Repayment Borrower Benefits are financial incentives offered to borrowers based on pre-determined qualifying factors, which are generally tied directly to making on-time monthly payments. We regularly calibrate these models to take into account relevant transactions in the Floor Income component of our FFELP Loan portfolio is valued with option models using both observable market inputs and internally developed inputs. A number of significantmarketplace. Significant inputs into the models are internally derived and not observable to market participants. While the resulting fair value can be validated against market transactions where we are a participant, these marketsmodel are not considered active.observable. As such, these are level 3 valuations.

Private Education Loans

Fair values for Private Education Loans were determined by modeling loan cash flows using stated terms of the loans and internally-developed assumptions. The significant assumptions used to determine fair value are prepayment speeds, default rates, recovery rates, cost of funds and capital levels. A number of significant inputs into the models are internally derived and not observable to market participants nor can the resulting fair values be validated against market transactions. As such, these are level 3 valuations.


31


SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
8.
10.Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

Cash




Money market, savings accounts and Investments (Including “Restricted CashNOW accounts
The fair value of money market, savings, and Investments”)

CashNOW accounts equal the amounts payable on demand at the balance sheet date and cash equivalents are carriedreported at cost. Carrying value approximated fairtheir carrying value. These are level 21 valuations.

Borrowings

Certificates of deposit
The full fair value of allcertificates of deposit are estimated using discounted cash flows based on rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. These are level 2 valuations.
Derivatives
All derivatives are accounted for at fair value in the financial statements. The fair value of derivative financial instruments was determined by a standard derivative pricing and option model using the stated terms of the contracts and observable market inputs. It is our policy to compare the derivative fair values to those received from our counterparties in order to validate the model’s outputs. Any significant differences are identified and resolved appropriately.
When determining the fair value of derivatives, we take into account counterparty credit risk for positions where we are exposed to the counterparty on a net basis by assessing exposure net of collateral held. When the counterparty has exposure to us under derivative contracts with the Company, we fully collateralize the exposure (subject to certain thresholds).
Interest rate swaps are valued using a standard derivative cash flow model with a LIBOR swap yield curve which is an observable input from an active market. These derivatives are level 2 fair value estimates in the hierarchy.
The carrying value of borrowings designated as the hedged item in a fair value hedge is disclosed. Fairadjusted for changes in fair value wasdue to changes in the benchmark interest rate (one-month LIBOR). These valuations are determined through standard bond pricing models and option models (when applicable) using the stated terms of the borrowings and observable yield curves, foreign currency exchange rates, volatilities from active markets or from quotes from broker-dealers. Fair valuecurves.

11. Stock Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements

In connection with the Spin-Off of Navient, we made certain adjustments for unsecured corporate debt are made based on indicative quotes from observable trades and spreads on credit default swaps specific to the Company. Fairexercise price and number of our stock-based compensation awards with the intention of preserving the intrinsic value of the outstanding awards held by Sallie Mae officers and employees prior to the Spin-Off. In general, holders of awards granted prior to 2014 received both Sallie Mae and Navient equity awards, and holders of awards granted in 2014 received solely equity awards of their post-Spin-Off employer. Stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock units and dividend equivalent units were adjusted into equity in the new companies by a specific conversion ratio per company, which was based upon the volume weighted average prices for each company at the time of the Spin-Off, in an effort to keep the value of the equity awards constant. These adjustments were accounted for secured borrowings are based on indicative quotes from broker-dealers. Theseas modifications to the original awards. In general, the Sallie Mae and Navient awards will be subject to substantially the same terms and conditions as the original pre-Spin-Off SLM awards. A comparison of the fair value adjustmentsof the modified awards with the fair value of the original awards immediately before the modification resulted in approximately $64 of incremental expense related to fully-vested stock option awards and was expensed immediately and $630 of incremental compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units which will be recorded over the remaining vesting period of the equity awards.




32


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)



12. Arrangements with Navient Corporation

In connection with the Spin-Off, the Company entered into a separation and distribution agreement with Navient (the “Separation and Distribution Agreement”). In connection therewith, the Company also entered into various other ancillary agreements with Navient to effect the Spin-Off and provide a framework for its relationship with Navient thereafter, such as a transition services agreement, a tax sharing agreement, an employee matters agreement, a loan servicing and administration agreement, a joint marketing agreement, a key services agreement, a data sharing agreement and a master sublease agreement. The majority of these agreements are basedtransitional in nature with most having terms of two years or less from the date of the Spin-Off.

We continue to have significant exposures to risks related to Navient’s loan servicing operations and its creditworthiness. If we are unable to obtain services, complete the transition of our origination and loan servicing operations as planned, or obtain indemnification payments from Navient, we could experience higher than expected costs and operating expenses and our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

We briefly summarize below some of the most significant agreements and relationships we continue to have with Navient. For additional information regarding the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the other ancillary agreements, see our Current Report on inputsForm 8-K filed on May 2, 2014.

Separation and Distribution Agreement

The Separation and Distribution Agreement addresses, among other things, the following ongoing activities:

the obligation of each party to indemnify the other against liabilities retained or assumed by that party pursuant to the Separation and the Distribution Agreement and in connection with claims of third parties;

the allocation among the parties of rights and obligations under insurance policies;

the agreement of the Company and Navient (i) not to engage in certain competitive business activities for a period of five years, (ii) as to the effect of the non-competition provisions on post-spin merger and acquisition activities of the parties and (iii) regarding “first look” opportunities; and

the creation of a governance structure, including a separation oversight committee, by which matters related to the separation and other transactions contemplated by the Separation and Distribution Agreement will be monitored and managed.

Transition Services

During a transition period, Navient and its affiliates will provide the Bank with significant servicing capabilities with respect to Private Education Loans held by the Company and its subsidiaries. Beyond this transition period, it is currently anticipated that Navient will continue to service Private Education Loans owned by the Company or its subsidiaries with respect to individual borrowers who also have Private Education Loans which are owned by Navient, in order to optimize the customer’s experience. In addition, Navient will continue to service and collect the Bank’s portfolio of FFELP Loans indefinitely.


33


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
12.Arrangements with Navient Corporation (Continued)

Indemnification Obligations

Navient has also agreed to be responsible, and indemnify us, for all claims, actions, damages, losses or expenses that may arise from inactive markets. As such, these are level 3 valuations.

the conduct of all activities of pre-Spin-Off SLM occurring prior to the Spin-Off other than those specifically excluded in the Separation and Distribution Agreement. Some significant examples of the types of indemnification obligations Navient has under the Separation and Distribution Agreement and related ancillary agreements include:

Pursuant to a tax sharing agreement, Navient has agreed to indemnify us for $283 million in deferred taxes that the Company will be legally responsible for but that relate to gains recognized by the Company’s predecessor on debt repurchases made prior to the Spin-Off. In addition, Navient has agreed to indemnify us for tax assessments incurred related to identified uncertain tax positions taken prior to the date of the Spin-off transaction.

Navient has responsibility to assume new or ongoing litigation matters relating to the conduct of most pre-Spin-Off SLM businesses operated or conducted prior to the Spin-Off.

9.
Commitments and Contingencies

At the time of this filing, Sallie Maethe Bank (the “Bank”) remains subject to a Consent Order, Order to Pay Restitution and Order to Pay Civil Money Penalty dated May 13, 2014 issued by the FDIC (the “2014 FDIC Order”). The 2014 FDIC Order replaces a prior cease and desist order originallyjointly issued in August 2008 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”)FDIC and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions (“UDFI”). In which was terminated on July 2013,15, 2014. Specifically, on May 13, 2014, the Bank reached settlements with the FDIC notifiedand the Bank that it plans to replace the existing ceaseDepartment of Justice regarding disclosures and desist orderassessments of certain late fees, as well as compliance with a new formal enforcement action that will more specifically address certain cited violations of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, including with respect to the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”),. Under the FDIC’s 2014 Order, the Bank agreed to pay $3.3 million in fines and oversee the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (“ECOA”) and its implementing regulation, Regulation B, which will likely include civil money penalties and restitution. The Bank has been notifiedrefund of up to $30 million in late fees assessed on loans owned or originated by the UDFI that it does not intendBank since its inception in November 2005. Navient is responsible for funding all liabilities, restitution and compensation under orders such as these, other than fines directly levied against the Bank.


Long-Term Arrangements

The Loan Servicing and Administration Agreement governs the terms by which Navient provides servicing, administration and collection services for the Bank’s portfolio of FFELP Loans and Private Education Loans, as well as servicing history information with respect to joinprivate education loans previously serviced by Navient and access to certain promissory notes in Navient’s possession. The loan servicing and administration agreement has a fixed term with a renewal option in favor of the FDIC in issuingBank.

The Data Sharing Agreement states the new enforcement action.

WithBank will continue to have the right to obtain from Navient certain post-Spin-Off performance data relating to Private Education Loans owned or serviced by Navient to support and facilitate ongoing underwriting, originations, forecasting, performance and reserve analyses.


The Tax Sharing Agreement governs the respective rights, responsibilities and obligations of the Company and Navient after the Spin-Off relating to taxes, including with respect to the alleged civil violationspayment of Section 5taxes, the preparation and filing of tax returns and the conduct of tax contests. Under this agreement, each party is generally liable for taxes attributable to its business. The agreement also addresses the allocation of tax liabilities that are incurred as a result of the Federal Trade Commission Act relatingSpin-Off and related transactions. Additionally, the agreement restricts the parties from taking certain actions that could prevent the Spin-Off from qualifying for the tax treatment.














34


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
12.Arrangements with Navient Corporation (Continued)


Amended Loan participation and purchase agreement

Prior to the SCRA,Spin-Off, the Bank sold substantially all of its Private Education Loans to several former affiliates, now subsidiaries of Navient (collectively, the “Purchasers”), pursuant to this agreement. This agreement predates the Spin-Off but has been significantly amended and reduced in scope in connection with the Spin-Off. Post-Spin-Off, the Bank retains only the right to require the Purchasers to purchase loans for which the borrower also has a separate lending relationship with Navient (“Split Loans”) when the Split Loans either (1) are more than 90 days past due; (2) have been restructured; (3) have been granted a hardship forbearance or more than 6 months of administrative forbearance; or (4) have a borrower or cosigner who has filed for bankruptcy. At June 30, 2014, we held approximately $1.3 billion of Split Loans.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, the Bank separately sold loans to the Purchasers in the amount of $94,179 and $765,998, respectively, in principal and $1,770 and $25,797, respectively, in accrued interest income. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, the Bank sold loans to the Purchasers in the amount of $822,906 and $1,709,457, respectively, in principal and $19,386 and $39,196, respectively, in accrued interest income.

Subsequent to March 31, 2012, all loans were sold to the Purchasers at fair value. The gain resulting from loans sold was $1,928 and $73,441 in the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $35,816 and $148,664 in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Total write-downs to fair value for loans sold with a fair value lower than par totaled $17,467 and $12,546 in the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $46,430 and $32,628 in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.




13. Regulatory Capital
The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking authorities. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material adverse effect on our financial condition. Under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings and other factors.
“Well capitalized” regulatory requirements are the quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy. The Bank is required to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in discussionsthe table below) of Total and Tier I Capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier I Capital to average assets, as defined by the regulation. The following amounts and ratios are based upon the Bank's assets.
  Actual Well Capitalized Regulatory Requirements
  AmountRatio Amount Ratio
As of June 30, 2014:       
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets) $1,291,390
11.6% $554,956
>5.0%
Tier I Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) $1,291,390
15.2% $509,071
>6.0%
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) $1,351,917
15.9% $848,451
>10.0%
As of December 31, 2013:       
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets) $1,221,416
11.7% $521,973
>5.0%
Tier I Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) $1,221,416
16.4% $446,860
>6.0%
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) $1,289,497
17.3% $745,374
>10.0%

35


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
13.Regulatory Capital (Continued)

Dividends

The Bank is chartered under the laws of the State of Utah and its deposits are insured by the FDIC. The Bank’s ability to pay dividends is subject to the laws of Utah and the regulations of the FDIC. Generally, under Utah’s industrial bank laws and regulations as well as FDIC regulations, the Bank may pay dividends from its net profits without regulatory approval if, following the payment of the dividend, the Bank’s capital and surplus would not be impaired. The Bank paid no dividends for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 or for the six months ended June 30, 2014. For the six months ended June 30, 2013, the Bank paid dividends of $120 million.


36


SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)



14. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Regulatory Matters
At the time of this filing, the Bank remains subject to the 2014 FDIC Order. The 2014 FDIC Order replaces a prior cease and desist order jointly issued in August 2008 by the FDIC and the UDFI which was terminated on July 15, 2014.  Specifically, on May 13, 2014, the Bank reached settlements with the FDIC and the Department of Justice (“DOJ”),regarding disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, as well as compliance with the agency having primary authority for enforcementSCRA.  Under the FDIC’s 2014 Order, the Bank agreed to pay $3.3 million in fines and oversee the refund of SCRA matters, regarding settlement, remediation and a comprehensive restitution plan. In September 2013, we also received a Civil Investigative Demand from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) as part of its separate investigation regarding allegations relatingup to our existing payment allocation practices and procedures, the same as those previously raised$30 million in late fees assessed on loans owned or originated by the FDIC.

We have made and continue to make changes to the Bank’s oversight of significant activities performed outside the Bank by Company affiliates and to our business practicessince its inception in order to comply with all applicable laws and regulations andNovember 2005.

Under the terms of any ceasethe Separation and desistDistribution Agreement between the Company and Navient, Navient is responsible for funding all liabilities under the regulatory orders, includingother than fines directly levied against the Bank in connection with our pursuitthese matters. Under the Department of a strategic plan to separate our existing organization into two publicly traded companies. We are cooperating fully withJustice order, Navient is solely responsible for reimbursing SCRA benefits and related compensation on behalf of both its subsidiary, Navient Solutions, Inc., and the FDIC, DOJ and CFPB in response to their investigations and requests for information and are in active discussions with each with respect to any potential actions to be taken against us. We could be required to, or otherwise determine to, make further changes to the business practices and products of the Bank and our other affiliates to respond to regulatory concerns. At the time of the filing, it is not possible to estimate a range of potential exposure, if any, to amounts that may be payable or costs that must be incurred to comply with the terms of any order.

Bank.

Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are routinely defendants in or parties to pending and threatened legal actions and proceedings including actions brought on behalf of various classes of claimants. These actions and proceedings may be based on alleged violations of consumer protection, securities,

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

9.Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

employment and other laws. In certain of these actions and proceedings, claims for substantial monetary damage aremay be asserted against us and our subsidiaries.

In

We and our subsidiaries and affiliates are subject to various claims, lawsuits and other actions that arise in the ordinary course of business, we andbusiness. In addition, it is common for the Company, our subsidiaries are subjectand affiliates to receive information and document requests and investigative demands from state attorneys general, legislative committees, and administrative agencies. These requests may be for informational or regulatory examinations, information gathering requests, inquiriespurposes and investigations. In connectionmay relate to our business practices, the industries in which we operate, or other companies with formalwhom we conduct business. Our practice has been and informal inquiries incontinues to be to cooperate with these cases, webodies and our subsidiaries receive numerous requests, subpoenas and orders for documents, testimony and information in connection with various aspects of our regulated activities.

be responsive to any such requests.

In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such litigation, regulatory and regulatory matters,investigative actions, we cannot predict what the eventual outcome of the pending matters will be, what the timing or the ultimate resolution of these matters will be, or what the eventual loss, fines or penalties, if any, related to each pending matter may be.

We are required to establish reserves for litigation and regulatory matters where those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable. When loss contingencies are not both probable and estimable, we do not establish reserves.

Based on current knowledge, reserves have been established for certain litigation or regulatory matters where the loss is both probable and estimable.

Based on current knowledge, management does not believe thatthere are loss contingencies, if any, arising from pending investigations, litigation or regulatory matters willthat could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, liquidity, results of operations or cash flows.




37


10.Segment Reporting

Consumer Lending Segment

In this segment, we originate, acquire, finance and service Private Education Loans. The Private Education Loans we make are primarily to bridge the gap between the cost of higher education and the amount funded through financial aid, federal loans or customers’ resources. In this segment, we earn net interest income on the Private Education Loan portfolio (after provision for loan losses) as well as servicing fees, primarily consisting of late fees.

The following table includes asset information for our Consumer Lending segment.

(Dollars in millions)

  September 30,
2013
   December 31,
2012
 

Private Education Loans, net

  $37,752    $36,934  

Cash and investments(1)

   2,268     2,731  

Other

   3,599     3,275  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

  $43,619    $42,940  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Includes restricted cash and investments.

Business Services Segment

Our Business Services segment generates the majority of its revenue from servicing our FFELP Loan portfolio. We also provide servicing, loan default aversion and defaulted loan collection services for loans on behalf of Guarantors of FFELP Loans and other institutions, including ED. We also operate a consumer savings network that provides financial rewards on everyday purchases to help families save for college.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10.Segment Reporting (Continued)

On September 25, 2013, we announced the sale of our 529 college savings plan administration business. Upon the transaction’s closing, which is anticipated to occur in the fourth-quarter 2013, we will recognize a gain of approximately $0.14 per diluted share. Due to the pending sale, the results of this business were moved to discontinued operations for all periods presented.

At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Business Services segment had total assets of $826 million and $867 million, respectively.

FFELP Loans Segment

Our FFELP Loans segment consists of our $106.3 billion FFELP Loan portfolio at September 30, 2013 and underlying debt and capital funding these loans. FFELP Loans are no longer originated but we continue to seek to acquire FFELP Loan portfolios to leverage our servicing scale to generate incremental earnings and cash flow. This segment is expected to generate significant amounts of cash as the FFELP portfolio amortizes.

The following table includes asset information for our FFELP Loans segment.

(Dollars in millions)

  September 30,
2013
   December 31,
2012
 

FFELP Loans, net

  $106,350    $125,612  

Cash and investments(1)

   5,025     5,766  

Other

   3,114     4,286  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

  $114,489    $135,664  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Includes restricted cash and investments.

Other Segment

Our Other segment primarily consists of activities of our holding company, including the repurchase of debt, the corporate liquidity portfolio and all overhead. We also include results from smaller wind-down and discontinued operations within this segment

At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Other segment had total assets of $2.6 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively.

Measure of Profitability

The tables below include the condensed operating results for each of our reportable segments. Management, including the chief operating decision makers, evaluates the Company on certain performance measures that we refer to as “Core Earnings” performance measures for each operating segment. We use “Core Earnings” to manage each business segment because “Core Earnings” reflect adjustments to GAAP financial results for two items, discussed below, that create significant volatility mostly due to timing factors generally beyond the control of management. Accordingly, we believe that “Core Earnings” provide management with a useful basis from which to better evaluate results from ongoing operations against the business plan or against results from prior periods. Consequently, we disclose this information as we believe it provides investors with additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10.Segment Reporting (Continued)

The two items adjusted for in our “Core Earnings” presentations are (1) our use of derivative instruments to hedge our economic risks that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment or do qualify for hedge accounting treatment but result in ineffectiveness and (2) the accounting for goodwill and acquired intangible assets. The tables presented below reflect “Core Earnings” operating measures reviewed and utilized by management to manage the business. Reconciliation of the “Core Earnings” segment totals to our consolidated operating results in accordance with GAAP is also included in the tables below.

Our “Core Earnings” performance measures are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. The management reporting process measures the performance of the operating segments based on the management structure of the Company and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. Our operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10.Segment Reporting (Continued)

Segment Results and Reconciliations to GAAP

  Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

 Consumer
Lending
  Business
Services
  FFELP
Loans
  Other  Eliminations(1)  Total
“Core
Earnings”
  Adjustments  Total
GAAP
 
       Reclassifications  Additions/
(Subtractions)
  Total
Adjustments(2)
  

Interest income:

          

Student loans

 $635   $   $574   $   $   $1,209   $201   $(77 $124   $1,333  

Other loans

              3        3                3  

Cash and investments

  1    1    2    1    (1  4                4  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

  636    1    576    4    (1  1,216    201    (77  124    1,340  

Total interest expense

  203        313    13    (1  528    12    1(4)   13    541  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss)

  433    1    263    (9      688    189    (78  111    799  

Less: provisions for loan losses

  195        12            207                207  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses

  238    1    251    (9      481    189    (78  111    592  

Other income (loss):

          

Gains on sales of loans and investments

                                        

Servicing revenue

  11    174    21        (123  83                83  

Contingency revenue

      104                104                104  

Gains on debt repurchases

                                        

Other income (loss)

      6        6        12    (189  59(5)   (130  (118
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income (loss)

  11    284    21    6    (123  199    (189  59    (130  69  

Expenses:

          

Direct operating expenses

  85    103    129    4    (123  198                198  

Overhead expenses

              59        59                59  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating expenses

  85    103    129    63    (123  257                257  

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

                              4    4    4  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

              12        12                12  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

  85    103    129    75    (123  269        4    4    273  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)

  164    182    143    (78      411        (23  (23  388  

Income tax expense (benefit)(3)

  59    66    51    (28      148        (12  (12  136  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

  105    116    92    (50      263        (11  (11  252  

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax expense

      8                8                8  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  105    124    92    (50      271        (11  (11  260  

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

                                        
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to SLM Corporation

 $105   $124   $92   $(50 $   $271   $   $(11 $(11 $260  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

(2)

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

   Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

  Net Impact of
Derivative
Accounting
  Net Impact of
Goodwill and
Acquired  Intangibles
  Total 

Net interest income after provisions for loan losses

  $111   $  —   $111  

Total other loss

   (130      (130

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

       4    4  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP

  $(19 $(4  (23
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Income tax benefit

     (12
    

 

 

 

Net loss

    $(11
    

 

 

 

(3)

Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

(4)

Represents a portion of the $(4) million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

(5)

Represents the $62 million of “unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the remaining portion of the $(4) million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10.Segment Reporting (Continued)

  Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

 Consumer
Lending
  Business
Services
  FFELP
Loans
  Other  Eliminations(1)  Total
“Core
Earnings”
  Adjustments  Total
GAAP
 
       Reclassifications  Additions/
(Subtractions)
  Total
Adjustments(2)
  

Interest income:

          

Student loans

 $615   $   $712   $   $   $1,327   $206   $(78 $128   $1,455  

Other loans

              4        4                4  

Cash and investments

  2    2    3        (2  5                5  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

  617    2    715    4    (2  1,336    206    (78  128    1,464  

Total interest expense

  209        399    12    (2  618    26    1(4)   27    645  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss)

  408    2    316    (8      718    180    (79  101    819  

Less: provisions for loan losses

  252        18            270                270  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses

  156    2    298    (8      448    180    (79  101    549  

Other income (loss):

          

Gains on sales of loans and investments

                                        

Servicing revenue

  12    201    22        (164  71                71  

Contingency revenue

      85                85                85  

Gains on debt repurchases

              44        44                44  

Other income (loss)

      7        3        10    (180  (61)(5)   (241  (231
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income (loss)

  12    293    22    47    (164  210    (180  (61  (241  (31

Expenses:

          

Direct operating expenses

  68    88    171    3    (164  166                166  

Overhead expenses

              54        54                54  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating expenses

  68    88    171    57    (164  220                220  

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

                              5    5    5  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

  1            1        2                2  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

  69    88    171    58    (164  222        5    5    227  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)

  99    207    149    (19      436        (145  (145  291  

Income tax expense (benefit)(3)

  36    76    55    (7      160        (56  (56  104  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

  63    131    94    (12      276        (89  (89  187  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)

  (1  1                                  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  62    132    94    (12      276        (89  (89  187  

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

      (1              (1              (1
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to SLM Corporation

 $62   $133   $94   $(12 $   $277   $   $(89 $(89 $188  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

(2)

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

   Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Net Impact of
Derivative
Accounting
  Net Impact of
Goodwill  and
Acquired  Intangibles
  Total 

Net interest income after provisions for loan losses

  $101   $  —   $101  

Total other loss

   (241      (241

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

       5    5  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP

  $(140 $(5  (145
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Income tax benefit

     (56
    

 

 

 

Net loss

    $(89
    

 

 

 

(3)

Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

(4)

Represents a portion of the $(9) million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

(5)

Represents the $(53) million of “unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the remaining portion of the $(9) million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10.Segment Reporting (Continued)

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

 Consumer
Lending
  Business
Services
  FFELP
Loans
  Other  Eliminations(1)  Total
“Core
Earnings”
  Adjustments  Total
GAAP
 
       Reclassifications  Additions/
(Subtractions)
  Total
Adjustments(2)
  

Interest income:

          

Student loans

 $1,884   $   $1,755   $   $   $3,639   $612   $(229 $383   $4,022  

Other loans

              9        9                9  

Cash and investments

  5    4    5    3    (4  13                13  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

  1,889    4    1,760    12    (4  3,661    612    (229  383    4,044  

Total interest expense

  613        978    36    (4  1,623    44    (1)(4)   43    1,666  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss)

  1,276    4    782    (24      2,038    568    (228  340    2,378  

Less: provisions for loan losses

  607        42            649                649  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses

  669    4    740    (24      1,389    568    (228  340    1,729  

Other income (loss):

          

Gains (losses) on sales of loans and investments

          312    (5      307                307  

Servicing revenue

  31    541    60        (409  223                223  

Contingency revenue

      312                312                312  

Gains on debt repurchases

              48        48    (6      (6  42  

Other income (loss)

      20        6        26    (562  462(5)   (100  (74
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income (loss)

  31    873    372    49    (409  916    (568  462    (106  810  

Expenses:

          

Direct operating expenses

  228    299    430    9    (409  557                557  

Overhead expenses

              180        180                180  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating expenses

  228    299    430    189    (409  737                737  

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

                              10    10    10  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

  2    1        43        46                46  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

  230    300    430    232    (409  783        10    10    793  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)

  470    577    682    (207      1,522        224    224    1,746  

Income tax expense (benefit)(3)

  171    211    249    (75      556        89    89    645  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

  299    366    433    (132      966        135    135    1,101  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)

  (1  49                48        (1  (1  47  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  298    415    433    (132      1,014        134    134    1,148  

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

      (1              (1              (1
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to SLM Corporation

 $298   $416   $433   $(132 $   $1,015   $   $134   $134   $1,149  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

(2)

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

  Net Impact of
Derivative
Accounting
  Net Impact of
Goodwill and
Acquired Intangibles
  Total 

Net interest income after provisions for loan losses

  $340   $  —   $340  

Total other loss

   (106      (106

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

       10    10  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP

  $234   $(10  224  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Income tax expense

     89  

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit

     (1
    

 

 

 

Net income

    $134  
    

 

 

 

(3)

Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

(4)

Represents a portion of the $41 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

(5)

Represents the $422 million of “unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the remaining portion of the $41 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10.Segment Reporting (Continued)

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

 Consumer
Lending
  Business
Services
  FFELP
Loans
  Other  Eliminations(1)  Total
“Core
Earnings”
  Adjustments  Total
GAAP
 
       Reclassifications  Additions/
(Subtractions)
  Total
Adjustments(2)
  

Interest income:

          

Student loans

 $1,856   $   $2,090   $   $   $3,946   $643   $(274 $369   $4,315  

Other loans

              13        13                13  

Cash and investments

  6    5    10        (5  16                16  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

  1,862    5    2,100    13    (5  3,975    643    (274  369    4,344  

Total interest expense

  616        1,233    26    (5  1,870    95    3(4)   98    1,968  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss)

  1,246    5    867    (13      2,105    548    (277  271    2,376  

Less: provisions for loan losses

  712        54            766                766  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses

  534    5    813    (13      1,339    548    (277  271    1,610  

Other income (loss):

          

Gains on sales of loans and investments

              1        1                1  

Servicing revenue

  36    619    68    1    (512  212                212  

Contingency revenue

      261                261                261  

Gains on debt repurchases

              102        102                102  

Other income (loss)

      25        9        34    (548  (47)(5)   (595  (561
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income (loss)

  36    905    68    113    (512  610    (548  (47  (595  15  

Expenses:

          

Direct operating expenses

  199    269    537    10    (512  503                503  

Overhead expenses

              169        169                169  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating expenses

  199    269    537    179    (512  672                672  

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

                              13    13    13  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

  3    2        4        9                9  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

  202    271    537    183    (512  681        13    13    694  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)

  368    639    344    (83      1,268        (337  (337  931  

Income tax expense (benefit)(3)

  134    234    126    (29      465        (125  (125  340  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

  234    405    218    (54      803        (212  (212  591  

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit

  (1                  (1      (1  (1  (2
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  233    405    218    (54      802        (213  (213  589  

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

      (2              (2              (2
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to SLM Corporation

 $233   $407   $218   $(54 $   $804   $   $(213 $(213 $591  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

(2)

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Net Impact of
Derivative
Accounting
  Net Impact of
Goodwill and
Acquired Intangibles
  Total 

Net interest income after provisions for loan losses

  $271   $  —   $271  

Total other loss

   (595      (595

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

       13    13  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP

  $(324 $(13  (337
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Income tax benefit

     (125

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit

     (1
    

 

 

 

Net loss

    $(213
    

 

 

 

(3)

Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

(4)

Represents a portion of the $2 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

(5)

Represents the $(52) million of “unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the remaining portion of the $2 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10.Segment Reporting (Continued)

Summary of “Core Earnings” Adjustments to GAAP

The two adjustments required to reconcile from our “Core Earnings” results to our GAAP results of operations relate to differing treatments for: (1) our use of derivative instruments to hedge our economic risks that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment or do qualify for hedge accounting treatment but result in ineffectiveness and (2) the accounting for goodwill and acquired intangible assets. The following table reflects aggregate adjustments associated with these areas.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

      2013          2012          2013          2012     

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

     

Net impact of derivative accounting(1)

  $(19 $(140 $234   $(324

Net impact of goodwill and acquired intangibles assets(2)

   (4  (5  (10  (13

Net tax effect(3)

   12    56    (89  125  

Net effect from discontinued operations

           (1  (1
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP

  $(11 $(89 $134   $(213
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Derivative accounting: “Core Earnings” exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses that are caused by the mark-to-market valuations on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under GAAP as well as the periodic unrealized gains and losses that are a result of ineffectiveness recognized related to effective hedges under GAAP. These unrealized gains and losses occur in our Consumer Lending, FFELP Loans and Other business segments. Under GAAP, for our derivatives that are held to maturity, the cumulative net unrealized gain or loss over the life of the contract will equal $0 except for Floor Income Contracts where the cumulative unrealized gain will equal the amount for which we sold the contract. In our “Core Earnings” presentation, we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any net settlement cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an interest expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life.

(2)

Goodwill and acquired intangible assets: Our “Core Earnings” exclude goodwill and intangible asset impairment and amortization of acquired intangible assets.

(3)

Net tax effect: Such tax effect is based upon our “Core Earnings” effective tax rate for the year.

11.Discontinued Operations

In the second quarter of 2013, we sold our Campus Solutions business and recorded an after-tax gain of $38 million. This business provided processing capabilities to educational institutions. The Campus Solutions business comprises operations and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished operationally and for financial reporting purposes from the rest of the Company and we will have no continuing involvement. As a result, our Campus Solutions business is presented in discontinued operations for the current and prior periods.

On September 25, 2013, we announced the sale of our 529 college savings plan administration business. Upon the transaction’s closing, which is anticipated to occur in the fourth-quarter 2013, we will recognize a gain of approximately $0.14 per diluted share. Due to the pending sale, the results of this business were moved to discontinued operations for all periods presented.

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

11.Discontinued Operations (Continued)

The following table summarizes the discontinued operations.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

  2013  2012   2013  2012 

Operations:

      

Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes

  $1   $    $36   $(3

Income tax benefit

   (7       (11  (1
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes

  $8   $    $47   $(2
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


The following discussioninformation is current as of July 23, 2014 (unless otherwise noted) and analysis should be read in conjunctionconnection with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this QuarterlySLM Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-Q10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (the “2013 Form 10-K”), and ourthe audited consolidatedcarve out financial statements filed on Form 8-K on May 6, 2014, and related notes theretosubsequent reports filed with the Securities and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” includedExchange Commission (the “SEC”). Definitions for capitalized terms in this presentation not defined herein can be found in the 20122013 Form 10-K.

10-K (filed with the SEC on February 19, 2014).


This report contains “forward-looking”forward-looking statements and information based on management’s current expectations as of the date of this document.presentation. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about ourthe Company’s beliefs opinions, or expectations and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks and uncertainties set forth in Item 1A “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in thisthe Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q our 2012 Form 10-K and subsequent filings withfor the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”);quarter ended June 30, 2014; increases in financing costs; limits on liquidity; increases in costs associated with compliance with laws and regulations; changes in accounting standards and the impact of related changes in significant accounting estimates; any adverse outcomes in any significant litigation to which we arethe Company is a party; credit risk associated with ourthe Company’s exposure to third parties, including counterparties to ourthe Company’s derivative transactions; and changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace (including changes resulting from new laws and the implementation of existing laws). WeThe Company could also be affected by, among other things: changes in ourits funding costs and availability; reductions to our credit ratings or the credit ratings of the United States of America; failures of ourits operating systems or infrastructure, including those of third-party vendors; damagefailure to our reputation; failures to successfully implement cost-cutting initiatives and adverse effectsthe recently executed separation of such initiatives on our business; risks associated with restructuring initiatives, including our recently announced strategic plan to separate our existing operationsthe Company into two separate publicly traded companies;companies, including failure to transition its origination and servicing operations as planned, increased costs in connection with being a stand-alone company, and failure to achieve the expected benefits of the separation; damage to its reputation; changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of lenders, educational institutions, students and their families; changes in law and regulations with respect to the student lending business and financial institutions generally; changes in banking rules and regulations, including increased capital requirements; increased competition from banks and other consumer lenders; the creditworthiness of ourits customers; changes in the general interest rate environment, including the rate relationships among relevant money-market instruments and those of ourits earning assets versus ourvs. its funding arrangements; and changes in general economic conditions; our ability to successfully effectuate any acquisitions and other strategic initiatives; and changes in the demand for debt management services.conditions. The preparation of ourthe Company’s consolidated financial statements also requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions including estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates or assumptions may prove to be incorrect. All forward-looking statements contained in this report are qualified by these cautionary statements and are made only as of the date of this document. We doreport. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to conform the statement to actual results or changes in ourits expectations.

Definitions


The Company reports financial results on a GAAP basis and also provides certain core earnings performance measures. The difference between the Company’s “Core Earnings” and GAAP results for certain capitalizedthe periods presented were the unrealized, mark-to-market gains/losses on derivative contracts (excluding current period accruals on the derivative instruments), net of tax. These are recognized in GAAP but not in “Core Earnings” results. The Company provides “Core Earnings” measures because this is what management uses when making management decisions regarding the Company’s performance and the allocation of corporate resources. The Company’s “Core Earnings” are not defined terms usedwithin GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. For additional information, see “Key Financial Measures - 'Core Earnings' ” in this document can be found inForm 10-Q for the 2012 Form 10-K.

quarter ended June 30, 2014 for a further discussion and a complete reconciliation between GAAP net income and “Core Earnings.”


Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20122013 to be consistent with classifications adopted for 2013,2014, and had no effect on net income, total assets, or total liabilities.


Through this discussion and analysis, we intend to provide the reader with some narrative context for how our management views our consolidated financial statements, additional context within which to assess our operating results, and information on the quality and variability of our earnings, liquidity and cash flows.





38


Selected Financial Information and Ratios

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(In millions, except per share data)

  2013  2012  2013  2012 

GAAP Basis

     

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation

  $260   $188   $1,149   $591  

Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation

  $.57   $.39   $2.52   $1.18  

Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings per share

   445    471    450    490  

Return on assets

   .67  .42  .95  .43

“Core Earnings” Basis(1)

     

“Core Earnings” attributable to SLM Corporation

  $271   $277   $1,015   $804  

“Core Earnings” diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation

  $.60   $.58   $2.22   $1.61  

Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings per share

   445    471    450    490  

“Core Earnings” return on assets

   .70  .62  .84  .59

Other Operating Statistics

     

Ending FFELP Loans, net

  $106,350   $127,747   $106,350   $127,747  

Ending Private Education Loans, net

   37,752    37,101    37,752    37,101  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending total student loans, net

  $144,102   $164,848   $144,102   $164,848  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Average student loans

  $145,585   $167,166   $152,607   $171,499  

(1)

“Core Earnings” are non-GAAP financial measures and do not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. For a greater explanation of “Core Earnings,” see the section titled “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations” and subsequent sections.

  
Three Months Ended
June 30, 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(In millions, except per share data) 
 
2014 
 2013 2014 2013
         
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation $44
 $76
 $91
 $149
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation $0.09
 $0.17
 $0.20
 $0.33
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings per share 431
 448
 433
 453
Return on assets 1.55% 3.31% 1.69% 3.23%
Operating efficiency ratio(1)
 35% 32% 33% 29%
         
Other Operating Statistics        
Ending Private Education Loans, net $7,436
 $5,335
 $7,436
 $5,335
Ending FFELP Loans, net 1,358
 1,160
 1,358
 1,160
Ending total education loans, net $8,794
 $6,495
 $8,794
 $6,495
         
Average education loans $8,725
 $6,622
 $8,770
 $6,928
         
(1) Our efficiency ratio is calculated as operating expense, excluding restructuring costs, divided by total interest income and other income. See also Key Financial Measures - Operating Expenses.
Overview

Our primary

References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Sallie Mae” and the “Company,” refer to SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries, immediately after the Spin-Off (as hereinafter defined) except as otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires. We use “Private Education Loans” to mean education loans to students or their families that are non-federal loans not insured or guaranteed under the previously existing Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”).
Initiation of Post-Spin-Off Periodic Reporting by SLM Corporation
On April 30, 2014, we completed our plan to legally separate into two distinct publicly-traded entities - an education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business, Navient Corporation (“Navient”), and a consumer banking business, SLM Corporation. The separation of Navient from SLM Corporation (the “Spin-Off”) was preceded by an internal corporate reorganization, which was the first step to separate the education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business from the consumer banking business.  As a result of a holding company merger under Section 251(g) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), which is referred to herein as the “SLM Merger,” all of the shares of then existing SLM Corporation’s common stock were converted, on a 1-to-1 basis, into shares of common stock of New BLC Corporation, a newly formed company that was a subsidiary of pre-Spin-Off SLM Corporation (“pre-Spin-Off SLM”), and, pursuant to the SLM Merger, New BLC Corporation replaced then existing SLM Corporation as the publicly-traded registrant and changed its name to SLM Corporation. As part of the internal corporate reorganization, the assets and liabilities associated with the education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business were transferred to Navient, and those assets and liabilities associated with the consumer banking business remained with or were transferred to the newly constituted SLM Corporation. 
The timing and steps necessary to complete the Spin-Off and comply with SEC reporting requirements, including the replacement of pre-Spin-Off SLM Corporation with our current publicly-traded registrant, have resulted in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed with the SEC on February 19, 2014, and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 filed with the SEC on May 12, 2014, providing business results and financial information for the periods reported therein on the basis of the consolidated businesses of pre-Spin-Off SLM. While information contained in those prior reports may provide meaningful historical context for the Company’s business, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014 is our first periodic report made on the basis of the post-Spin-Off business of the Company.

39


Restated Historical Carved Out Financial Information

Shortly after the Spin-Off, on May 6, 2014 we filed a Current Report on Form 8-K containing carved out audited consolidated financial statements on a stand-alone basis of the Company and its subsidiaries for each of the three years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 (the “Carved Out Financial Information (Audited).” This information was prepared in accordance with GAAP and related carve-out conventions. Comparisons of year-over-year results prior to the Spin-Off date for quarterly and year-to-date in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are made with reference to information derived in a manner consistent with the financial information contained in the Carved Out Financial Information (Audited).
The Carved Out Financial Information (Audited) (i) is comprised of historical financial information relating to the Bank, Upromise and the Private Education Loan origination functions, (ii) includes certain general corporate overhead expenses allocated to the Company, and (iii) has been adjusted as if the education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business (i.e. Navient) had never been part of the Company (to reflect the change in reporting entity that results from the Spin-Off). For a more detailed description of the assumptions applied and limitations of the Carved Out Financial Information (Audited), see “the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 6, 2014.”
Likewise, historical, unaudited financial information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the months of January through April of 2014 has been prepared in accordance with GAAP and these related carve-out conventions.

Post-Spin-Off Changes in Private Education Loan Policies and Practices
Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank sold loans that were delinquent more than 90 days to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient. This practice was followed because the Bank’s charge off policy required charging off loans at 120 days delinquent while pre-Spin-Off SLM’s policy was to charge off loans at 212 days delinquent. Post-Spin-Off, we (a) have changed SLM’s policy of charging off loans when they are delinquent for 212 days to conform to the Bank’s existing charge off policy and (b) will, nonetheless, continue to sell to Navient loans that (i) are delinquent more than 90 days and (ii) are contained in a portfolio of our Private Education Loans for which the borrowers on those loans also have Private Education Loans which are owned by Navient (“Split Loans”). Currently, our portfolio of Split Loans amounts to approximately $1.3 billion. Delinquent loans from this portfolio are sold at a discount to par which has historically been reflected in the Bank’s provision and reduced the allowance for loan losses in equal amounts.
Pre-Spin-Off SLM’s default aversion strategies were focused on the final stages of delinquency, from 150 days to 212 days. As a result of changing our corporate charge-off policy and greatly reducing the number of potentially delinquent loans we sell to Navient, our default aversion strategies must now focus more on loans 60 to 120 days delinquent. We have little experience in executing our default aversion strategies on such compressed collection timeframes. Through June 30, 2014, our delinquency cure rates have exceeded our expectations.
For the reasons described above, many of our historical credit indicators and period-over-period trends are not indicative of future performance and future performance may be somewhat affected by ongoing sales of Split Loans to Navient. Because we now retain more delinquent loans, we believe it could take up to two years before of our credit performance indicators provide meaningful period-over-period comparisons.
Post-Spin-Off Businesses
We continue to originate service and collect loans we make to students and their families to financePrivate Education Loans through the cost of education. The core of our marketing strategy is to generate student loan originationsBank by promoting ouroffering products on campus through the financial aid officeoffices and through direct marketing to students and their families. We fund Private Education Loan originations through the retail and brokered deposits of the Bank, and may obtain additional funding through sales and securitizations of Private Education Loans.
The Bank is our Utah industrial bank subsidiary which is regulated by the Utah Department of Financial Institutions (“UDFI”) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). At June 30, 2014, the Bank had total assets of $11.1 billion, including $7.4 billion in Private Education Loans and $1.4 billion of FFELP Loans. As of the same date, the Bank had total deposits of $9.5 billion representing 91 percent of interest earning assets, composed of $3.0 billion of retail deposits, $5.1 billion of brokered deposits and $1.5 billion of other deposits.
Once our post-Spin-Off transition activities are complete, we will also provide ongoing Private Education Loan servicing loan default aversion and defaulted loan collection services foron loans owned by other institutions, including ED,we originate and hold, as well as a consumer savings network.

In additionthose we are the largest holder, servicersell to third parties. We will also continue to offer various products to help families save for college - including our free Upromise service that provides financial rewards on everyday purchases - and collector of loans made under FFELP, a program that was discontinued in 2010.

We monitorto protect their college investment through tuition, rental and assess our ongoing operations and results based on the following four reportable segments:

(1) Consumer Lending, (2) Business Services, (3) FFELP Loans and (4) Other.

Consumer Lending Segment

In this segment, we originate, acquire, finance and service life insurance services.


40


Private Education Loans. Loans
The Private Education Loans we make are primarily to bridge the gap between the cost of higher education and the amount funded through financial aid, federal loans or customers’ resources. In this segment,We continue to offer loan products to parents and graduate students where we believe our prices are competitive with similar federal education loan products. We earn net interest income on theour Private Education Loan portfolio (after provision for loan losses). Operating expenses associated with interest income include costs incurred to acquire and to service our loans.
In 2009, we introduced the Smart Option private education loan product emphasizing in-school payment features to minimize total finance charges. The product features three primary repayment types. The first two, Interest Only and $25 Fixed Pay options, require monthly payments while the student is in school and they accounted for approximately 56 percent of the Private Education Loans originated during the first six months of 2014. The third repayment option is the more traditional deferred private education loan product where customers do not begin making payments until after graduation. Customers are provided an incentive to make payments while they are in school by a lower interest rate on the Interest Only and Fixed Pay options.
For borrowers in financial difficulty, we provide many repayment options - reduced monthly payments, interest-only payments, extended repayment schedules, temporary interest rate reductions and, if appropriate, forbearance - all scaled to a customer’s individual circumstances to help them repay their loans. These programs must be used wisely given their potential to significantly increase the overall costs of education financing to customers.
Private Education Loans bear the full credit risk of the customer and cosigner. We manage this risk by underwriting and pricing based upon customized credit scoring criteria and the addition of qualified cosigners.
Private Education Loan Servicing
A subsidiary of the Bank (SMB Servicing Company, Inc.) will provide servicing and loan collection for Private Education Loans originated and held by the Bank, as well as those sold to third parties. This will occur once we complete the build-out of our own servicing platform which will have at its core the same servicing platform the Company has used for several years. The complete physical and logistical separation of our servicing and collection platforms from those of Navient is currently expected to be completed within twelve months of the Spin-Off, but could take significantly longer. During that period, servicing of our Private Education Loans will be conducted by Navient, the Bank and SMB Servicing Company, Inc. employees pursuant to various transition agreements. For further detail on these agreements, see the section titled “Post-Separation Relationships with Navient.”
Over time, we expect to seek additional funding, liquidity and revenue from the sale or securitization of loan assets we originate as well as the servicing of the loan assets we sell to third parties.
Upromise
The Upromise save-for-college membership program stands alone as a consumer service committed exclusively to helping Americans save money for higher education. Membership is free and each year approximately 500,000 customers enroll as members to use the service. Members earn money for college by receiving cash back when shopping at on-line or brick-and-mortar retailers, booking travel, dining out or buying gas or groceries at participating merchants or by using their Upromise MasterCard. As of June 30, 2014, more than 1,000 merchants participated by providing discounts on purchases that are returned to the customer. Since inception, Upromise members have saved approximately $850 million for college, and more than 340,000 members actively use the Upromise credit card for everyday purchases.
Sallie Mae Insurance Services
On April 29, 2014, we divested all of our ownership interest in NGI Group Holdings LLC (“NGI”). However, we will continue to partner with Next Generation Insurance Group under an extended joint marketing agreement to offer America’s college students and young adults insurance programs that protect their higher education investment and address their life-stage needs, including tuition insurance, renters insurance, life insurance, and auto insurance.
Loan Sales
We intend to sell Private Education Loans to third parties through an open auction process as well as through securitization transactions. We may retain servicing of these transferred Private Education Loans at prevailing market rates for such services. Loan sales and securitization volumes will be driven by growth in the Bank's loan originations, the Bank’s asset values and capital and liquidity needs. Navient may participate in open auction processes on arm’s length terms. While there may be near-term Private Education Loan sales to Navient to facilitate an orderly transition after the Spin-Off, neither the Company nor Navient will have any ongoing obligation to buy or sell Private Education Loans to or from the other. See notes to consolidated financial statements, Note 12, “Arrangements with Navient Corporation,” for further discussion regarding loan purchase agreements.

41



Competitive Environment
We face competition for Private Education Loan origination and servicing from a group of the nation’s larger banks and local credit unions. For a more detailed discussion of the Private Education Loan market in context and how we have adapted our loan products to meet the needs of our customers, see Item 1. “Business - Business Segments - Consumer Lending Segment” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Post-Separation Relationships with Navient

In connection with the Spin-Off, the Company entered into a separation and distribution agreement with Navient (the “Separation and Distribution Agreement”). In connection therewith, the Company also entered into various other ancillary agreements with Navient to effect the Spin-Off and provide a framework for its relationship with Navient thereafter, such as a transition services agreement, a tax sharing agreement, an employee matters agreement, a loan servicing and administration agreement, a joint marketing agreement, a key services agreement, a data sharing agreement and a master sublease agreement. The majority of these agreements are transitional in nature with most having terms of two years or less from the date of the Spin-Off.

We continue to have significant exposures to risks related to Navient’s loan servicing operations and its creditworthiness. If we are unable to obtain services, complete the transition of our origination and loan servicing operations as planned, or obtain indemnification payments from Navient, we could experience higher than expected costs and operating expenses and our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

We briefly summarize below some of the most significant agreements and relationships we continue to have with Navient. For additional information regarding the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the other ancillary agreements, see our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2014 and Note 12, “Arrangements with Navient Corporation” to the consolidated financial statements.

Separation and Distribution Agreement

The Separation and Distribution Agreement addresses, among other things, the following ongoing activities:

the obligation of each party to indemnify the other against liabilities retained or assumed by that party pursuant to the Separation and the Distribution Agreement and in connection with claims of third parties;

the allocation among the parties of rights and obligations under insurance policies;

the agreement of the Company and Navient (i) not to engage in certain competitive business activities for a period of five years, (ii) as to the effect of the non-competition provisions on post-spin merger and acquisition activities of the parties and (iii) regarding “first look” opportunities; and

the creation of a governance structure, including a separation oversight committee, by which matters related to the separation and other transactions contemplated by the Separation and Distribution Agreement will be monitored and managed.

Transition Services

During a transition period, Navient and its affiliates will provide the Bank with significant servicing capabilities with respect to Private Education Loans held by the Company and its subsidiaries. Beyond this transition period, it is currently anticipated that Navient will continue to service Private Education Loans owned by the Company or its subsidiaries with respect to individual borrowers who also have Private Education Loans which are owned by Navient, in order to optimize the customer’s experience. In addition, Navient will continue to service and collect the Bank’s portfolio of FFELP Loans indefinitely.


42


Indemnification Obligations

Navient has also agreed to be responsible, and indemnify us, for all claims, actions, damages, losses or expenses that may arise from the conduct of all activities of pre-Spin-Off SLM occurring prior to the Spin-Off other than those specifically excluded in the Separation and Distribution Agreement. Some significant examples of the types of indemnification obligations Navient has under the Separation and Distribution Agreement and related ancillary agreements include:

Pursuant to a tax sharing agreement, Navient has agreed to indemnify us for $283 million in deferred taxes that the Company will be legally responsible for but that relate to gains recognized by the Company’s predecessor on debt repurchases made prior to the Spin-Off. In addition, Navient has agreed to indemnify us for tax assessments incurred related to identified uncertain tax positions taken prior to the date of the Spin-off transaction.

Navient has responsibility to assume new or ongoing litigation matters relating to the conduct of most pre-Spin-Off SLM businesses operated or conducted prior to the Spin-Off.

At the time of this filing, the Bank remains subject to a Consent Order, Order to Pay Restitution and Order to Pay Civil Money Penalty dated May 13, 2014 issued by the FDIC (the “2014 FDIC Order”). The 2014 FDIC Order replaces a prior cease and desist order jointly issued in August 2008 by the FDIC and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions (“UDFI”) which was terminated on July 15, 2014. Specifically, on May 13, 2014, the Bank reached settlements with the FDIC and the Department of Justice regarding disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, as well as compliance with the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”). Under the FDIC’s 2014 Order, the Bank agreed to pay $3.3 million in fines and oversee the refund of up to $30 million in late fees assessed on loans owned or originated by the Bank since its inception in November 2005. Navient is responsible for funding all liabilities, restitution and compensation under orders such as these, other than fines directly levied against the Bank.

Long-Term Arrangements

The Loan Servicing and Administration Agreement governs the terms by which Navient provides servicing, administration and collection services for the Bank’s portfolio of FFELP Loans and Private Education Loans, as well as servicing fees, primarily consistinghistory information with respect to Private Education Loans previously serviced by Navient and access to certain promissory notes in Navient’s possession. The loan servicing and administration agreement has a fixed term with a renewal option in favor of late fees.

Business Services Segment

Our Business Services segment generates the majorityBank.


The Data Sharing Agreement states the Bank will continue to have the right to obtain from Navient certain post-Spin-Off performance data relating to Private Education Loans owned or serviced by Navient to support and facilitate ongoing underwriting, originations, forecasting, performance and reserve analyses.

The Tax Sharing Agreement governs the respective rights, responsibilities and obligations of the Company and Navient after the Spin-Off relating to taxes, including with respect to the payment of taxes, the preparation and filing of tax returns and the conduct of tax contests. Under this agreement, each party is generally liable for taxes attributable to its business. The agreement also addresses the allocation of tax liabilities that are incurred as a result of the Spin-Off and related transactions. Additionally, the agreement restricts the parties from taking certain actions that could prevent the Spin-Off from qualifying for the tax treatment.

Amended Loan participation and purchase agreement

Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank sold substantially all of its revenuePrivate Education Loans to several former affiliates, now subsidiaries of Navient (collectively, the “Purchasers”), pursuant to this agreement. This agreement predates the Spin-Off but has been significantly amended and reduced in scope in connection with the Spin-Off. Post-Spin-Off, the Bank retains only the right to require the Purchasers to purchase loans for which the borrower also has a separate lending relationship with Navient (“Split Loans”) when the Split Loans either (1) are more than 90 days past due; (2) have been restructured; (3) have been granted a hardship forbearance or more than six months of administrative forbearance; or (4) have a borrower or cosigner who has filed for bankruptcy. At June 30, 2014, we held approximately $1.3 billion of Split Loans.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, the Bank sold loans to the Purchasers in the amount of $94 million and $765 million respectively, in principal and $2 million and $26 million, respectively, in accrued interest income. During the

43


three and six months ended June 30, 2013, the Bank sold loans to the Purchasers in the amount of $823 million and $1.7 billion respectively, in principal and $19 million and $39 million, respectively, in accrued interest income.
Subsequent to March 31, 2012, all loans were sold to the Purchasers at fair value. The gain resulting from servicing our FFELP Loan portfolio. We also provide servicing, loan default aversionloans sold was $2 million and defaulted loan collection services$73 million in the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $36 million and $149 million in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Total write-downs to fair value for loans on behalf of Guarantors of FFELP Loanssold with a fair value lower than par totaled $17 million and other institutions, including ED. We also operate a consumer savings network that provides financial rewards on everyday purchases to help families save for college.

FFELP Loans Segment

Our FFELP Loans segment consists$12 million in the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $46 million and $32,628 in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.


Key Financial Measures
Set forth below are brief summaries of our $106.3 billion FFELP Loan portfolio at September 30, 2013 and underlying debt and capital funding these loans. FFELP Loans are no longer originated but we continue to seek to acquire FFELP Loan portfolios to leverage our servicing scale to generate incremental earnings and cash flow. This segment is expected to generate significant amounts of cash as the FFELP portfolio amortizes.

Other

Our Other segment primarily consists of activities of our holding company, including the repurchase of debt, the corporate liquidity portfolio and all overhead. We also include results from smaller wind-down and discontinued operations within this segment.

Recent Developments

Strategic Plan to Create Separate Education Loan Management and Consumer Banking Companies

On May 29, 2013, our Board of Directors authorized a plan to pursue the separation of the Company’s existing businesses into two, separate, publicly traded entities — an education loan management business and a consumer banking business.

The separation transaction will be effected as a pro-rata dividend of shares of the education loan management business to our shareholders. Upon consummation of the separation, the education loan management business will become a separate public company and will trade under a new stock ticker symbol. The consumer banking business will retain the stock ticker symbol “SLM” and will operate under the Sallie Mae brand.

The completion of the separation will be subject to certain customary conditions, including final approval by the Company’s Board of Directors, confirmation of the tax-free nature of the separation transaction and the effectiveness of a registration statement that will be filed with the SEC. The contemplated separation and distribution will not require a shareholder vote. Subject to the satisfaction of all necessary conditions, including the conditions described above, the separation is currently anticipated to occur in the first half of 2014; however, there can be no assurance that the separation and distribution will ultimately occur.

Sale of 529 College Savings Plan Administration Business

On September 25, 2013, we announced the sale of our 529 college savings plan administration business. Upon the transaction’s closing, which is anticipated to occur in the fourth-quarter 2013, we will recognize a gain of approximately $0.14 per diluted share. Due to the pending sale, the results of this business were moved to discontinued operations for all periods presented.

Key Financial Measures

key financial measures. Our operating results are primarily driven by net interest income from our student loan portfoliosportfolio (which include financing costs), provision for loan losses, the revenues and expenses generated by our service businesses, and gains and losses on loan sales and debt repurchases. We manage and assess the performance of each business segment separately as each is focused on different customers and each derives its revenue from different activities and services. A brief summaryoperating expenses. The growth of our keybusiness and the strength of our financial measures (netcondition are primarily driven by our ability to achieve our annual Private Education Loan originations goals while sustaining credit quality and maintaining diversified, cost-efficient funding sources to support our originations.

Net Interest Income
The most significant portion of our earnings is generated by the spread earned between the interest income; provisions

for loan losses; charge-offs and delinquencies; servicing and contingency revenues; other income (loss); operating expenses; and “Core Earnings”) can be found in Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”we receive on assets in our 2012 Form 10-K.

Third-Quarter 2013 Summary of Results

education loan portfolios and the interest expense we pay on funds we use to originate these loans. We report financial results on a GAAP basis and also present certain “Core Earnings” performance measures. Our management, equity investors, credit rating agencies and debt capital providers use these “Core Earnings” measures to monitor our business performance. See “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations” for a further discussion and a complete reconciliation between GAAPearnings as net interest income.

Net interest income and “Core Earnings.”

Third-quarter 2013 GAAP net income was $260 million ($.57 diluted earnings per share), versus net income of $188 million ($0.39 diluted earnings per share) in the third-quarter 2012. The changes in GAAP net income are drivenis predominantly determined by the same typesbalance of “Core Earnings” items discussed below as well as changes in “mark-to-market” unrealized gainsPrivate Education and losses on derivative contractsFFELP Loans. As of June 30, 2014, we had $7.4 billion and amortization and impairment of goodwill and intangible assets that are recognized in GAAP but not in “Core Earnings” results. Third-quarter 2013 results included $19 million of losses from derivative accounting treatment that are excluded from “Core Earnings” results, compared with losses of $140 million in the year-ago period.

“Core Earnings” for the quarter were $271 million ($.60 diluted earnings per share), compared with $277 million ($0.58 diluted earnings per share) in the year-ago period. The increase in third-quarter 2013 core diluted earnings per share was primarily the result of a $63 million decline in the provision for loan losses, a $31 million increase in servicing and contingency revenue, as well as fewer common shares outstanding. These items more than offset lower debt repurchase gains of $44 million, a decrease in net interest income before provision for loan losses of $30 million (primarily as a result of the sales of residual interests in FFELP loan securitization trusts), higher operating expenses of $37 million (in part due to higher servicing and contingency volumes) and higher restructuring and other reorganization expenses of $10 million.

During the first nine months of 2013, we:

issued $5.5 billion of FFELP asset-backed securities (“ABS”), $3.1$1.4 billion of Private Education Loan ABS and $2.8 billion of unsecured bonds;

closed on a new $6.8 billion credit facility that matures in June 2014, to facilitate the term securitization of FFELP Loans;

closed on a new $1.1 billion asset-backed borrowing facility that matures in August 2015, which was used to fund the call and redemption of our SLM 2009-DLoans, respectively. For Private Education Loan Trust ABS.

repurchased $997 million of debt and realized “Core Earnings” gains of $48 million, compared with $520 million of debt repurchased and $102 million of gains in the first nine months of 2012;

repurchased 19 million common shares for $400 million on the open market, fully utilizing our February 2013 share repurchase program authorization;

authorized $400 million in July 2013 to be utilized in a new common share repurchase program; and

sold Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts to third parties. We will continue to service the student loans in the trusts under existing agreements. The sales removed securitization trust assets of $12.5 billion and related liabilities of $12.1 billion from our balance sheet.

sold our Campus Solutions business for an after-tax gain of $38 million.

announced the pending sale of our 529 college savings plan administration business in September 2013;Loans, net interest margin is determined by interest rates we establish based upon the transaction’s closing, which is anticipated to occur in the fourth-quarter 2013, we expect to recognize a gain of approximately $0.14 per diluted share.

2013 Management Objectives

In 2013 we have set out five major goals to create shareholder value. They are: (1) prudently grow Consumer Lending segment assets and revenues; (2) maximize cash flows from FFELP Loans; (3) reduce operating expenses while improving efficiency and customer experience; (4) maintain our financial strength; and (5) expand the capabilitiescredit of the Bank. Here is how we plan to achieve these objectivescustomer and the progress we have made to date:

Prudently Grow Consumer Lending Segment Assets and Revenues

We will continue to pursue managed growth inany cosigner less our cost of funds. The majority of our Private Education Loan portfolio in 2013Loans earn variable rate interest and are funded primarily with deposits. Our cost of funds is primarily influenced by leveraging our Sallie Mae and Upromise brand while sustaining the credit quality of, and percentage of cosigners for, new originations. We are currently targeting $3.8 billion in new loan originations for 2013, compared with $3.3 billion in 2012. We will also continue to help our customers manage their borrowings and succeed in its payoff, which we expect will result in lower charge-offs and provision for loan losses. Originations were 11 percent highercompetition in the third quarter of 2013 compared with the year-ago quarter. Charge-offs were 2.6 percent in the current quarter, down from 3.2 percent in the year-ago quarter. Provision for Private Education Loan losses decreased $57 million from the year-ago quarter. Our quarterly charge-off rate in the third-quarter of 2013 was at the lowest level in five years.

Maximize Cash Flows from FFELP Loans

In 2013, we will continue to purchase additional FFELP Loan portfolios. Through September 30, 2013, we sold our ownership interest in five of our FFELP Loan securitization trusts ($12.5 billion of securitization trust assets and $12.1 billion of related liabilities). We will continue to explore alternative transactions and structures that can increase our ability to maximize the value of our ownership interests in these trusts and allow us to diversify our holdings while maintaining servicing fee income. We must also continue to reduce operating and overhead costs attributable to the maintenance and management of this segment. During the first nine months of 2013, we purchased $396 million of FFELP Loans.

Reduce Operating Expenses While Improving Efficiency and Customer Experience

deposit market. For 2013, we will reduce unit costs, and balance our Private Education Loan growth and the challenge of increased regulatory oversight. We also plan to improve efficiency and customer experience by replacing certain of our legacy systems and making enhancements to our self-service platform and call centers (including improved call segmentation that routes an in-bound customer call directly to the appropriate agent who can answer the customer’s inquiry). Third-quarter 2013 operating expenses were $257 million compared with $220 million in the year-ago quarter. The increase is primarily the result of increases in our third-party servicing and collections activities, increased Private Education Loan marketing activities, continued investments in technology, and an increase in pending litigation settlement expense. An example of becoming more efficient can be seen in our Consumer Lending segment; direct operating expenses as a percentage of revenues (revenues calculated as net interest income after provision plus total other income) were 34 percent and 40 percent in the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 33 percent and 35 percent in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Maintain Our Financial Strength

In February 2013, we announced an increase in our quarterly common stock dividend to $0.15 per share and a new $400 million common share repurchase program. It is management’s objective for 2013 to provide these shareholder distributions while ending 2013 with capital and reserve positions as strong as those with which we ended 2012. We repurchased an aggregate of 19 million shares for $400 million in the six months ended June 30, 2013, fully utilizing2014, we originated $1.9 billion of Private Education Loans, up 7 percent, from the Company’s February 2013 share repurchase program authorization. On July 16, 2013, we authorized $400prior year period. We earned net interest income of $284 million to be utilized infor the six months ended June 30, 2014.

FFELP Loans carry lower risk and have a new common share repurchase program that does not have an expiration date. There were no share repurchases during the third-quarter 2013. Additionally, on June 10, 2013,

we closed onmuch lower net interest margin as a new $6.8 billion credit facility that matures in June 2014, to facilitate the term securitization of FFELP Loans. The facility was used in June 2013 to refinance allresult of the federal government guarantee. We do not expect to acquire any more FFELP Loans previously financed throughso the ED Conduit Program. As a result, we ended our participation in the ED Conduit Program. On July 17, 2013, we closed on a $1.1 billion asset-backed borrowing facility that matures on August 15, 2015. The facility was used to fund the call and redemptionbalance of our SLM 2009-D Private EducationFFELP portfolio is expected to decline due to normal amortization.

Provision for Loan Trust ABS, which occurred on August 15, 2013.

Expand Bank Capabilities

The Bank continuesLosses

Management estimates and maintains an allowance for loan losses at a level sufficient to fund our Private Education Loan originations in 2013. We are continuingcover charge-offs expected over the next year, plus an additional allowance to evolve the operational and enterprise risk oversight program at the Bank in preparationcover life-of-loan expected losses for expected growth and designationloans classified as a “large bank,” which will entail enhanced regulatory scrutiny. In addition,troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). The allowance for loan losses increases when we plan to voluntarily make similar changes at SLM Corporation. See the 2012 10-K, Item 1 “Business — Supervisionrecord provision expense and Regulation — Regulatory Outlook — Evolving Regulation of the Bank” for additional information about the Bank’s regulatory environment once it becomes a “large bank.”

Results of Operations

We present the results of operations below first on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. Following our discussion of consolidated earnings results on a GAAP basis, we present our results on a segment basis. We have four business segments: FFELP Loans, Consumer Lending, Business Servicesrecoveries and Other. Since these segments operate in distinct business environments and we manage and evaluate the financial performance of these segments using non-GAAP financial measures, these segments are presented on a “Core Earnings” basis (see “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations”).

GAAP Statements of Income (Unaudited)

   Three Months
Ended September 30,
  Increase
(Decrease)
  Nine Months
Ended September 30,
  Increase
(Decrease)
 

(In millions, except per share data)

      2013          2012      $  %      2013          2012      $  % 

Interest income:

         

FFELP Loans

  $698   $840   $(142  (17)%  $2,138   $2,459   $(321  (13)% 

Private Education Loans

   635    615    20    3    1,884    1,856    28    2  

Other loans

   3    4    (1  (25  9    13    (4  (31

Cash and investments

   4    5    (1  (20  13    16    (3  (19
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

   1,340    1,464    (124  (8  4,044    4,344    (300  (7

Total interest expense

   541    645    (104  (16  1,666    1,968    (302  (15
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income

   799    819    (20  (2  2,378    2,376    2      

Less: provisions for loan losses

   207    270    (63  (23  649    766    (117  (15
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income after provisions for loan losses

   592    549    43    8    1,729    1,610    119    7  

Other income (loss):

         

Gains on sales of loans and investments

                   307    1    306    30,600  

Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net

   (127  (233  106    (45  (140  (600  460    (77

Servicing revenue

   83    71    12    17    223    212    11    5  

Contingency revenue

   104    85    19    22    312    261    51    20  

Gains on debt repurchases

       44    (44  (100  42    102    (60  (59

Other income (loss)

   9    2    7    350    66    39    27    69  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income (loss)

   69    (31  100    323    810    15    795    5,300  

Expenses:

         

Operating expenses

   257    220    37    17    737    672    65    10  

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization expense

   4    5    (1  (20  10    13    (3  (23

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

   12    2    10    500    46    9    37    411  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

   273    227    46    20    793    694    99    14  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense

   388    291    97    33    1,746    931    815    88  

Income tax expense

   136    104    32    31    645    340    305    90  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income from continuing operations

   252    187    65    35    1,101    591    510    86  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)

   8        8    100    47    (2  49    2,450  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income

   260    187    73    39    1,148    589    559    95  

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

       (1  1    (100  (1  (2  1    (50
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation

   260    188    72    38    1,149    591    558    94  

Preferred stock dividends

   5    5            15    15          
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock

  $255   $183   $72    39 $1,134   $576   $558    97
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Basic earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation:

         

Continuing operations

  $.56   $.39   $.17    44 $2.46   $1.19   $1.27    107

Discontinued operations

   .02        .02    100    .10        .10    100  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  $.58   $.39   $.19    49 $2.56   $1.19   $1.37    115
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation:

         

Continuing operations

  $.55   $.39   $.16    41 $2.42   $1.18   $1.24    105

Discontinued operations

   .02        .02    100    .10        .10    100  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  $.57   $.39   $.18    46 $2.52   $1.18   $1.34    114
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Dividends per common share attributable to SLM Corporation

  $.15   $.125   $.025    20 $.45   $.375   $.075    20
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Consolidated Earnings Summary — GAAP-basis

Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2012

For the three months ended September 30, 2013, net income was $260 million, or $0.57 diluted earnings per common share, compared with net income of $188 million, or $0.39 diluted earnings per common share, for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The increase in net income was primarily due to a $106 million decrease in net losses on derivative and hedging activities, a $63 million decline inis reduced by charge-offs. Generally, the provision for loan losses and the allowance for loan losses rise when charge-offs are expected to increase and fall when charge-offs are expected to decline. We bear the full credit exposure on our Private Education Loans. Losses on our Private Education Loans are determined by risk characteristics such as school type, loan status (in-school, grace, forbearance, repayment and delinquency), loan seasoning (number of months in active repayment), underwriting criteria (e.g., credit scores), a $31cosigner and the current economic environment. Our provision for loan losses on our Private Education Loans was $39 million increasefor the first six months of 2014 compared with $18 million in the comparable 2013 period. In connection with the Spin-Off, we changed our policy of charging off Private Education Loans when they are delinquent for 212 days to charging off loans after 120 days delinquent. In addition, we changed our loss confirmation period for Private Education Loans from two years to one year to reflect the shorter charge-off period and recent changes in our servicing practices.

Our loss exposure and contingency revenue, which more than offsetresulting provision for losses is small for FFELP Loans because we generally bear a $44maximum of three percent loss exposure on them. Our provision for losses in our FFELP Loans portfolio was $1.2 million declinefor the first six months of 2014 compared with the $1.4 million in debt repurchase gains, higherthe comparable 2013 period.
Charge-Offs and Delinquencies
When a Private Education Loan reaches 120 days delinquent it is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Charge-off data provides relevant information with respect to the performance of our loan portfolios. Management focuses on delinquencies as well as the progression of loans from early to late stage delinquency. Prior to the Spin-off, the Bank would sell delinquent loans to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient prior to the loans becoming 120 days past due. As a result,

44


there were no historical charge-offs recorded in our historical financial statements. In addition, because loans were sold earlier in their delinquency status, the historical delinquency statistics are not necessarily indicative of expected future performance.
Delinquencies are a very important indicator of potential future credit performance. Private Education Loan delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment decreased from 0.8 percent at June 30, 2013 to 0.7 percent at June 30, 2014.
Operating Expenses
The operating expenses reported are those that are directly attributable to the Company, the costs of $37 million, a $20 million decline in netTransition Services Agreements with Navient, and restructuring costs associated with the build-out of our servicing platform and the remaining costs of the Spin-Off. Our efficiency ratio is calculated as operating expense, excluding restructuring costs, divided by total interest income and higher restructuring and other reorganization expenses of $10 million.

The primary contributors to each of the identified drivers of changes in net income for the current quarter compared with the year-ago quarter are as follows:

Net interest income decreased by $20 million in the current quarter compared with the prior-year quarter primarily due to a reduction in FFELP net interest income from a $22 billion decline in average FFELP Loans outstanding in part due to the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts in the first half of 2013. There were approximately $12 billion of FFELP Loans in these trusts.

Provisions for loan losses declined $63 million compared with the year-ago quarter primarily as a result of the overall improvement in Private Education Loans’ credit quality, delinquency and charge-off trends leading to decreases in expected future charge-offs.

Losses on derivative and hedging activities, net, resulted in a net loss of $127 million in the current quarter compared with a net loss of $233 million in the year-ago period. The primary factors affecting the change were interest rate and foreign currency fluctuations, which primarily affected the valuations of our Floor Income Contracts, basis swaps and foreign currency hedges during each period. Valuations of derivative instruments vary based upon many factors including changes in interest rates, credit risk, foreign currency fluctuations and other market factors. As a result, net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities may continue to vary significantly in future periods.

Servicing and contingency revenue increased $31 million primarily from an increase in the number of accounts serviced and in collection volumes in third-quarter 2013.

Gains on debt repurchases decreased $44 million from third-quarter 2012 as we did not repurchase any debt in the current period. Debt repurchase activity will fluctuate based on market fundamentals and our liability management strategy.

Operating expenses increased $37 million primarily as a result of increases in our third-party servicing and collections activities, continued investments in technology, increased Private Education Loan marketing and an increase in pending litigation settlement expense.

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses were $12 million compared with $2 million in the year-ago quarter. For third-quarter 2013, these consisted of expenses primarily related to third-party costs incurred in connection with the Company’s previously announced plan to separate its existing organization into two, separate, publicly traded companies. The $2 million of expenses in third-quarter 2012 related to restructuring expenses.

There were no share repurchases during the third-quarter 2013. Primarily as a result of common share repurchases in previous quarters, our average outstanding diluted shares decreased by 26 million shares from the year-ago quarter.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012

For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, net income was $1.1 billion, or $2.52 diluted earnings per common share, compared with net income of $591 million, or $1.18 diluted earnings per common share, for the

nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase in net income was primarily due to a $460 million decrease in net losses on derivative and hedging activities, a $306 million increase in net gains on sales of loans and investments, a $117 million decrease in provisions for loan losses, a $49 million after-tax increase in income from discontinued operations and a $62 million increase in servicing and contingency revenue, which were partially offset by $60 million of lower gains on debt repurchases, higher operating expenses of $65 million and higher restructuring and other reorganization expenses of $37 million.

The primary contributors to each of the identified drivers of changes in net income for the current nine-month period compared with the year-ago nine-month period are as follows:

Net interest income increased by $2 million primarily due to a $50 million acceleration of non-cash premium expense recorded in the first half of 2012 related to ED’s consolidation of $5.2 billion of loans under the Special Direct Consolidation Loan (“SDCL”) initiative that ended June 30, 2012. Offsetting this increase was a $19.5 billion decline in average FFELP Loans outstanding in part due to the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts in the first half of 2013. There were approximately $12 billion of FFELP Loans in these trusts.

Provisions for loan losses declined $117 million primarily as a result of the overall improvement in Private Education Loans’ credit quality, delinquency and charge-off trends leading to decreases in expected future charge-offs.

Gains on sales of loans and investments increased by $306 million as a result of $312 million in gains on the sales of the Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts in 2013. See “Business Segment Earnings Summary —‘Core Earnings’ Basis — FFELP Loans Segment” for further discussion.

Losses on derivative and hedging activities, net, resulted in a net loss of $140 million in the current nine-month period compared with a net loss of $600 million in the year-ago period. The primary factors affecting the change were interest rate and foreign currency fluctuations, which primarily affected the valuations of our Floor Income Contracts, basis swaps and foreign currency hedges during each period. Valuations of derivative instruments vary based upon many factors including changes in interest rates, credit risk, foreign currency fluctuations and other market factors. As a result, net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities may continue to vary significantly in future periods.

Servicing and contingency revenue increased $62 million primarily from an increase in the number of accounts serviced and collection volumes in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared with the prior-year period.

Gains on debt repurchases decreased $60 million as we repurchased less debt in the current period. Debt repurchase activity will fluctuate based on market fundamentals and our liability management strategy.

Operating expenses increased $65 million primarily as a result of increases in our third-party servicing and collections activities, investments in technology, increased Private Education Loan marketing and an increase in pending litigation settlement expense.

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses were $46 million compared with $9 million in the year-ago period. For 2013, these consisted of $24 million primarily related to third-party costs incurred in connection with the Company’s previously announced plan to separate its existing organization into two, separate, publicly traded companies and $22 million related to severance. The $9 million of expenses in 2012 related to restructuring expenses.

Income from discontinued operations increased $49 million primarily as a result of the sale of our Campus Solutions business inincome. In the second quarter of 2013 which resulted inthis ratio was 35 percent. We expect this ratio to decline steadily over the next several years as the balance sheet grows to a $38 million after-tax gain.

We repurchased 19 million shareslevel commensurate with its loan origination platform and we control the growth of our common stock for $400 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, as part of a common share repurchase program. Primarily as a result of these common share repurchases, our average outstanding diluted shares decreased by 40 million shares from the year-ago period.

expense base.

Core Earnings” — Definition and Limitations

Earnings

We prepare financial statements in accordance with GAAP. However, we also evaluateproduce and report our business segmentsafter-tax earnings on a separate basis that differs from GAAP. Wewhich we refer to this different basis of presentation as “Core Earnings.” We provide this “Core Earnings” basis of presentation onWhile pre-Spin-Off SLM also reported a consolidated basis for each business segment because this ismetric by that name, what we review internally when makingnow report and what we describe below is significantly different and should not be compared to any Core Earnings reported by pre-Spin-Off SLM.
“Core Earnings” recognizes the difference in accounting treatment based upon whether the derivative qualifies for hedge accounting treatment and eliminates the earnings impact associated with derivatives we use as an economic hedge but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. We enter into derivatives instruments to economically hedge interest rate and cash flow risk associated with our portfolio. We believe that our derivatives are effective economic hedges, and as such, are a critical element of our interest rate risk management decisions regardingstrategy. Those derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting treatment have their related cash flows recorded in interest income or interest expense along with the hedged item. However, some of our performancederivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment and how we allocate resources. We also referthe stand-alone derivative must be marked-to-fair value in the income statement with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. These gains and losses, recorded in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net”, are primarily caused by interest rate volatility and changing credit spreads during the period as well as the volume and term of derivatives not receiving hedge accounting treatment.
The adjustments required to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies, lenders and investors. Becausereconcile from our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation correspondsresults to our segment financial presentations, we are required by GAAP results of operations, net of tax, relate to provide “Core Earnings” disclosure in the notes to our consolidated financial statementsdiffering treatments for our business segments. For additional information, see “Note 10 — Segment Reporting.”

“Core Earnings” are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP. We use “Core Earnings” to manage each business segment because “Core Earnings” reflect adjustments to GAAP financial results for two items, discussed below, that create significant volatility mostly due to timing factors generally beyond the control of management. Accordingly, we believe that “Core Earnings” provide management with a useful basis from which to better evaluate results from ongoing operations against the business plan or against results from prior periods. Consequently, we disclose this information as we believe it provides investors with additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. The two items for which we adjust our “Core Earnings” presentations are (1) our use of derivative instruments to hedge our economic risks that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment or do qualify for hedge accounting treatment but result in ineffectiveness, net of tax. These amounts are recorded on our income statement as “(Losses) gains on derivative and (2)hedging activities, net.” The amount recorded in “(Losses) gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” includes the accrual of the current payment on the swaps as well as the change in fair values related to future expected cash flows. For purposes of “Core Earnings” we are including in GAAP earnings the current period accrual amounts (interest reclassification) on the swaps and excluding the remaining ineffectiveness. "Core Earnings" is meant to represent what earnings would have been had these derivatives qualified for hedge accounting and there was no ineffectiveness.

“Core Earnings” are not a substitute for goodwillreported results under GAAP. We provide “Core Earnings” basis of presentation because (i) earnings per share computed on a “Core Earnings” basis is one of several measures we utilize in establishing management incentive compensation and acquired intangible assets.

While (ii) we believe it better reflects the financial results for derivatives that are economic hedges of interest rate risk but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment..

GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, ouraccounting. Our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation does not. “Core Earnings” are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our “Core Earnings” are not defined terms withindiffers from GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Accordingly, our “Core Earnings” presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not be able to compare our performance with that of other financial services companies based upon “Core Earnings.” “Core Earnings” results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, our board of directors, rating agencies, lenders and investors to assess performance.

Specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation are described in detail in the section titled “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Differences between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP” of this Item 2.

way it treats ineffective hedges as described above.


45


The following tables show “Core Earnings” for each business segmenttable shows the amount in “(Losses) gains on derivative and our business as a whole along with the adjustments madehedging activities, net” that relates to the income/expense items to reconcileinterest reclassification on the amounts to our reported GAAP results as required by GAAP and reported in “Note 10 — Segment Reporting.”

  Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

 Consumer
Lending
  Business
Services
  FFELP
Loans
  Other  Eliminations(1)  Total
“Core
Earnings”
  Adjustments  Total
GAAP
 
       Reclassifications  Additions/
(Subtractions)
  Total
Adjustments(2)
  

Interest income:

          

Student loans

 $635   $   $574   $   $   $1,209   $201   $(77 $124   $1,333  

Other loans

              3        3                3  

Cash and investments

  1    1    2    1    (1  4                4  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

  636    1    576    4    (1  1,216    201    (77  124    1,340  

Total interest expense

  203        313    13    (1  528    12    1(4)   13    541  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss)

  433    1    263    (9      688    189    (78  111    799  

Less: provisions for loan losses

  195        12            207                207  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses

  238    1    251    (9      481    189    (78  111    592  

Other income (loss):

          

Gains on sales of loans and investments

                                        

Servicing revenue

  11    174    21        (123  83                83  

Contingency revenue

      104                104                104  

Gains on debt repurchases

                                        

Other income (loss)

      6        6        12    (189  59(5)   (130  (118
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income (loss)

  11    284    21    6    (123  199    (189  59    (130  69  

Expenses:

          

Direct operating expenses

  85    103    129    4    (123  198                198  

Overhead expenses

              59        59                59  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating expenses

  85    103    129    63    (123  257                257  

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

                              4    4    4  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

              12        12                12  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

  85    103    129    75    (123  269        4    4    273  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)

  164    182    143    (78      411        (23  (23  388  

Income tax expense (benefit)(3)

  59    66    51    (28      148        (12  (12  136  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

  105    116    92    (50      263        (11  (11  252  

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax expense

      8                8                8  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  105    124    92    (50      271        (11  (11  260  

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

                                        
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to SLM Corporation

 $105   $124   $92   $(50 $   $271   $   $(11 $(11 $260  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

(2)

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

  Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

 Net Impact of
Derivative
Accounting
  Net Impact of
Goodwill and
Acquired Intangibles
  Total 

Net interest income after provisions for loan losses

 $111   $  —   $111  

Total other loss

  (130      (130

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

      4    4  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP

 $(19 $(4  (23
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

Income tax benefit

    (12
   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $(11
   

 

 

 
(3)

Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

(4)

Represents a portion of the $(4) million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

(5)

Represents the $62 million of “unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the remaining portion of the $(4) million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

  Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

 Consumer
Lending
  Business
Services
  FFELP
Loans
  Other  Eliminations(1)  Total
“Core
Earnings”
  Adjustments  Total
GAAP
 
       Reclassifications  Additions/
(Subtractions)
  Total
Adjustments(2)
  

Interest income:

          

Student loans

 $615   $   $712   $   $   $1,327   $206   $(78 $128   $1,455  

Other loans

              4        4                4  

Cash and investments

  2    2    3        (2  5                5  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

  617    2    715    4    (2  1,336    206    (78  128    1,464  

Total interest expense

  209        399    12    (2  618    26    1(4)   27    645  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss)

  408    2    316    (8      718    180    (79  101    819  

Less: provisions for loan losses

  252        18            270                270  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses

  156    2    298    (8      448    180    (79  101    549  

Other income (loss):

          

Gains on sales of loans and investments

                                        

Servicing revenue

  12    201    22        (164  71                71  

Contingency revenue

      85                85                85  

Gains on debt repurchases

              44        44                44  

Other income (loss)

      7        3        10    (180  (61)(5)   (241  (231
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income (loss)

  12    293    22    47    (164  210    (180  (61  (241  (31

Expenses:

          

Direct operating expenses

  68    88    171    3    (164  166                166  

Overhead expenses

              54        54                54  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating expenses

  68    88    171    57    (164  220                220  

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

                              5    5    5  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

  1            1        2                2  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

  69    88    171    58    (164  222        5    5    227  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)

  99    207    149    (19      436        (145  (145  291  

Income tax expense (benefit)(3)

  36    76    55    (7      160        (56  (56  104  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

  63    131    94    (12      276        (89  (89  187  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)

  (1  1                                  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  62    132    94    (12      276        (89  (89  187  

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

      (1              (1              (1
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to SLM Corporation

 $62   $133   $94   $(12 $   $277   $   $(89 $(89 $188  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

(2)

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

  Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

 Net Impact of
Derivative
Accounting
  Net Impact of
Goodwill and
Acquired Intangibles
  Total 

Net interest income after provisions for loan losses

 $101   $   $101  

Total other loss

  (241      (241

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

      5    5  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP

 $(140 $(5  (145
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

Income tax benefit

    (56
   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $(89
   

 

 

 

(3)

Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

(4)

Represents a portion of the $(9) million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

(5)

Represents the $(53) million of “unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the remaining portion of the $(9) million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

 Consumer
Lending
  Business
Services
  FFELP
Loans
  Other  Eliminations(1)  Total
“Core
Earnings”
  Adjustments  Total
GAAP
 
       Reclassifications  Additions/
(Subtractions)
  Total
Adjustments(2)
  

Interest income:

          

Student loans

 $1,884   $   $1,755   $   $   $3,639   $612   $(229 $383   $4,022  

Other loans

              9        9                9  

Cash and investments

  5    4    5    3    (4  13                13  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

  1,889    4    1,760    12    (4  3,661    612    (229  383    4,044  

Total interest expense

  613        978    36    (4  1,623    44    (1)(4)   43    1,666  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss)

  1,276    4    782    (24      2,038    568    (228  340    2,378  

Less: provisions for loan losses

  607        42            649                649  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses

  669    4    740    (24      1,389    568    (228  340    1,729  

Other income (loss):

          

Gains (losses) on sales of loans and investments

          312    (5      307                307  

Servicing revenue

  31    541    60        (409  223                223  

Contingency revenue

      312                312                312  

Gains on debt repurchases

              48        48    (6      (6  42  

Other income (loss)

      20        6        26    (562  462(5)   (100  (74
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income (loss)

  31    873    372    49    (409  916    (568  462    (106  810  

Expenses:

          

Direct operating expenses

  228    299    430    9    (409  557                557  

Overhead expenses

              180        180                180  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating expenses

  228    299    430    189    (409  737                737  

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

                              10    10    10  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

  2    1        43        46                46  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

  230    300    430    232    (409  783        10    10    793  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)

  470    577    682    (207      1,522        224    224    1,746  

Income tax expense (benefit)(3)

  171    211    249    (75      556        89    89    645  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

  299    366    433    (132      966        135    135    1,101  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)

  (1  49                48        (1  (1  47  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  298    415    433    (132      1,014        134    134    1,148  

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

      (1              (1              (1
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to SLM Corporation

 $298   $416   $433   $(132 $   $1,015   $   $134   $134   $1,149  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

(2)

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

 Net Impact of
Derivative
Accounting
  Net Impact of
Goodwill and
Acquired Intangibles
  Total 

Net interest income after provisions for loan losses

 $340   $   $340  

Total other loss

  (106      (106

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

      10    10  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP

 $234   $(10  224  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

Income tax expense

    89  

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit

    (1
   

 

 

 

Net income

   $134  
   

 

 

 

(3)

Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

(4)

Represents a portion of the $41 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

(5)

Represents the $422 million of “unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the remaining portion of the $41 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

 Consumer
Lending
  Business
Services
  FFELP
Loans
  Other  Eliminations(1)  Total
“Core
Earnings”
  Adjustments  Total
GAAP
 
       Reclassifications  Additions/
(Subtractions)
  Total
Adjustments(2)
  

Interest income:

          

Student loans

 $1,856   $   $2,090   $   $   $3,946   $643   $(274 $369   $4,315  

Other loans

              13        13                13  

Cash and investments

  6    5    10        (5  16                16  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

  1,862    5    2,100    13    (5  3,975    643    (274  369    4,344  

Total interest expense

  616        1,233    26    (5  1,870    95    3(4)   98    1,968  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss)

  1,246    5    867    (13      2,105    548    (277  271    2,376  

Less: provisions for loan losses

  712        54            766                766  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses

  534    5    813    (13      1,339    548    (277  271    1,610  

Other income (loss):

          

Gains on sales of loans and investments

              1        1                1  

Servicing revenue

  36    619    68    1    (512  212                212  

Contingency revenue

      261                261                261  

Gains on debt repurchases

              102        102                102  

Other income (loss)

      25        9        34    (548  (47)(5)   (595  (561
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income (loss)

  36    905    68    113    (512  610    (548  (47  (595  15  

Expenses:

          

Direct operating expenses

  199    269    537    10    (512  503                503  

Overhead expenses

              169        169                169  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating expenses

  199    269    537    179    (512  672                672  

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

                              13    13    13  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

  3    2        4        9                9  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

  202    271    537    183    (512  681        13    13    694  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)

  368    639    344    (83      1,268        (337  (337  931  

Income tax expense (benefit)(3)

  134    234    126    (29      465        (125  (125  340  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

  234    405    218    (54      803        (212  (212  591  

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit

  (1                  (1      (1  (1  (2
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  233    405    218    (54      802        (213  (213  589  

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

      (2              (2              (2
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to SLM Corporation

 $233   $407   $218   $(54 $   $804   $   $(213 $(213 $591  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

(2)

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

 Net Impact of
Derivative
Accounting
  Net Impact of
Goodwill and
Acquired Intangibles
  Total 

Net interest income after provisions for loan losses

 $271   $  —   $271  

Total other loss

  (595      (595

Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization

      13    13  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP

 $(324 $(13  (337
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

Income tax benefit

    (125

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit

    (1
   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $(213
   

 

 

 

(3)

Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

(4)

Represents a portion of the $2 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

(5)

Represents the $(52) million of “unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the remaining portion of the $2 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

Differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP

The two adjustments required to reconcile from our “Core Earnings” results to our GAAP results of operations relate to differing treatments for: (1) our use of derivative instruments to hedge our economic risks that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment or do qualify for hedge accounting treatment but result in ineffectiveness and (2) the accounting for goodwill and acquired intangible assets. contracts.

  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands) 2014 2013 2014 2013
         
Hedge ineffectiveness (losses) gains $(7,031) $(385) $(8,255) $(69)
Interest reclassification (2,427) 333
 (1,967) 627
(Losses) gains on derivatives and hedging activities, net $(9,458) $(52) $(10,222) $558

The following table reflects aggregate adjustments associated with these areas.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

    2013      2012      2013      2012   

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

     

Net impact of derivative accounting

  $(19 $(140 $234  ��$(324

Net impact of goodwill and acquired intangible assets

   (4  (5  (10  (13

Net income tax effect

   12    56    (89  125  

Net effect from discontinued operations

           (1  (1
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP

  $(11 $(89 $134   $(213
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

1) our derivative activities.

  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) 2014 2013 2014 2013
         
Core Earningsadjustments to GAAP:
        
         
GAAP net income $44,128
 $76,469
 $91,576
 $149,353
         
Adjustments: 
      
Net impact of derivative accounting(1)
 7,031
 385
 8,255
 69
Net tax effect(2)
 (2,708) (142) (3,180) (26)
Total Core Earningsadjustments to GAAP
 4,323
 243
 5,075
 43
         
Core Earnings
 $48,451
 $76,712
 $96,651
 $149,396
         
GAAP diluted earnings per common share $0.09
 $0.17
 $0.20
 $0.33
Derivative adjustments, net of tax 0.01
 
 0.02
 
Core Earningsdiluted earnings per common share
 $0.10
 $0.17
 $0.22
 $0.33
______
(1) Derivative Accounting: “Core Earnings” exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses that are caused by the mark-to-market valuations on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under GAAP, as well as the periodic unrealized gains and losses that are a result of ineffectiveness recognized related to effective hedges under GAAP. These unrealized gains and losses occur in our Consumer Lending, FFELP Loans and Other business segments. Under GAAP, for our derivatives that are held to maturity, the cumulative net unrealized gain or loss over the life of the contract will equal $0 except for Floor Income Contracts$0.

(2) “Core Earnings” tax rate is based on the effective tax rate at the Bank where the cumulative unrealized gainderivative instruments are held.

Private Education Loan Originations

Private Education Loans are the principal asset on the Bank’s balance sheet and the main driver of the Bank’s future earnings and asset growth. The size of the Private Education Loan market and, hence, our ability to increase Private Education Loan originations is based on three primary factors: college enrollment levels, the costs of attending college, and the availability of funds from the federal government to pay for a college education. If the cost of education increases at a pace that exceeds income and savings growth, and the availability of federal funds does not significantly increase, we can expect more students and families to borrow privately. If the costs of attending college remain constant or decrease and/or the availability of federal funds increases, our ability to sustain Private Education Loan origination growth will equalbe challenged.

46



Funding Sources

Deposits. The Bank gathers low cost retail deposits through its direct banking platform which serves as an important source of funding. The Bank utilizes both brokered and retail deposits to meet funding needs and enhance its liquidity position. These deposits can be term or liquid deposits. The term brokered deposits are swapped into one-month LIBOR. This has the amounteffect of increasing the average life of our liabilities and matching the index that our assets reset on, minimizing our exposure to interest rate risk.  Retail deposits are sourced through its direct banking platform and serve as an important source of diversified funding.  Brokered deposits are sourced through a small network of brokers and provide a stable source of funding.  Retail and brokered deposits can be term or liquid deposits.  As of June 30, 2014, the Bank had $9.5 billion of customer deposits, representing 91 percent of interest earning assets, composed of $3.0 billion of retail deposits, $5.1 billion of brokered deposits and $1.5 billion of other deposits.

Loan Sales and Securitizations. The Bank intends to fund its portfolio of Private Education Loans with a mix of deposits and term asset backed securities. Term asset backed securities provide long term funding for our Private Education Loan portfolio at attractive interest rates and at terms that effectively match the average life of the asset. In addition, to prudently manage the growth of its balance sheet, capital, liquidity needs and to generate revenue, over time, the Bank intends to sell Private Education Loans to third parties through an auction process. It may retain servicing of these Private Education Loans subsequent to the sale at prevailing market rates for such services. While there may be near-term Private Education Loan sales to Navient to facilitate an orderly transition after the Spin-Off, neither the Company nor Navient will have any ongoing obligation to buy or sell Private Education Loans to or from the other.
2014 Management Objectives
In 2014 we have set out five major goals to create shareholder value. They are: (1) prudently grow Private Education Loan assets and revenues; (2) maintain our strong capital position; (3) complete necessary steps to permit the Bank to independently originate and service Private Education Loans; (4) continue to expand the Bank's capabilities and enhance risk oversight and internal controls; and (5) manage operating expenses while improving efficiency and customer experience. Here is how we plan to achieve these objectives:
Prudently Grow Private Education Loan Assets and Revenues
We will continue to pursue managed growth in our Private Education Loan portfolio in 2014 by leveraging our Sallie Mae and Upromise brands and our relationship with more than two thousand colleges and universities while sustaining the credit quality of, and percentage of cosigners for, new originations. We are currently targeting at least $4 billion in new loan originations for 2014, compared with $3.8 billion in 2013. We will also continue to help our customers manage their borrowings and succeed in their payoff, which we soldexpect will result in lower charge-offs and provision for loan losses. Originations were 3 percent higher in the contract. second quarter of 2014 compared with the year-ago quarter and 7 percent higher for the six months ended June 30, 2014, compared with the year-ago period.
Maintain Our Strong Capital Position
The Bank’s goal is to remain well-capitalized at all times to support asset growth, operating needs, unexpected credit risks and to protect the interests of depositors and the deposit insurance fund. We are required by our regulators, the UDFI and the FDIC, to comply with mandated capital ratios. We intend to maintain levels of capital that significantly exceed those necessary to be considered “well capitalized” by the FDIC. The Company is a source of strength for the Bank and will provide additional capital if necessary. The Board of Directors and management evaluated the anticipated change in the Bank’s ownership structure, the quality of assets, the stability of earnings, and the adequacy of the Allowance for Loan Losses and believe that current capital levels should be maintained throughout 2014. As of June 30, 2014, the Bank held total Risk-Based Capital of $1.4 billion, or 15.9 percent. We expect significant asset growth and are a new stand-alone bank as a result of the Spin-Off. We do not plan to pay a dividend or repurchase shares in 2014 or 2015.

47


Complete Necessary Steps to Permit the Bank to Independently Originate and Service Private Education Loans
At the time of this filing, the Bank continues to be reliant on Navient for loan origination and servicing capabilities provided under a transition services agreement entered into with Navient in connection with the Spin-Off. The two key projects remaining to complete the Bank’s transition to fully independent servicer are the testing and completion of a new loan originations platform and the transition of the Bank’s Private Education Loan accounts to a separate, free-standing application of that servicing platform currently utilized in tandem with Navient. We also must take steps to make sure our customers’ experience is uninterrupted and as seamless and as simple as possible during this transition. Our objectives are to implement, and complete the separation of, the servicing platform and begin use of the new loan originations platform on at least a limited basis by year’s end. While the Bank is not at risk of losing access to Navient originations and servicing applications for 2015 and beyond, completing the full separation of the Bank’s operations from Navient resources is one of our top goals.
Continue to Expand the Bank’s Capabilities and Enhance Risk Oversight and Internal Controls
In preparation for the Spin-Off, since the beginning of the year we have added approximately 880 employees to the Bank, primarily through transfers of the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ existing employees, complimented by external hires. We have also undertaken significant work to establish that all functions, policies and procedures transferred to the Bank in the Spin-Off are sufficient to meet currently applicable bank regulatory standards. We must continue to prepare for our “Core Earnings” presentation,expected growth and designation as a “large bank,” which will entail enhanced regulatory scrutiny. For 2014, the following key initiatives have been completed or are underway.
Creation of Board-level Risk and Compliance Committees. In connection with the Spin-Off, we recognizehave created additional Board-level committees to provide more focused resources and oversight with respect to the economiccontinuing development of our enterprise risk management functions and framework, as well as our consumer protection regulatory compliance management system.
Significant Additions to Management Team and Risk Functions. We have hired a new Chief Executive Officer, Chief Audit Officer and Chief Risk Officer, all with extensive experience in the banking and financial services industries. Since the beginning of the year, we have doubled our internal audit staff through experienced external hires, including our new Chief Audit Officer. We also expect our new Chief Risk Officer to make significant progress in hiring and augmenting existing dedicated risk personnel by year end.
Continuing Development of our Enterprise Risk Management and Internal Controls Environments. In preparation for the Spin-Off, our management and Board of Directors reconsidered and recalibrated our Risk Appetite Framework and related risk profiles and tolerances initially adopted by the Board of Directors of pre-Spin-Off SLM in early 2013. We are also in the process of revising and separating our previous Internal Controls Excellence or “ICE” policies and procedures. Our Chief Financial Officer is now responsible for our internal controls over financial reporting, which have been extensively revised and updated in connection with the Spin-Off. Our Chief Risk Officer will now separately be responsible for monitoring and maintaining the system of controls and reporting procedures across our organization to monitor, escalate and mitigate significant risks against previous agreed risk tolerances. For the remainder of 2014, we will continue efforts underway to put in place a fully-developed set of operational and managerial controls throughout our organization to assist the Chief Risk Officer and to fully inform our management and Board of Directors via the Risk Appetite Framework.
Improved Compliance with Consumer Protection Laws. As part of our compliance with the terms of the 2014 FDIC Order discussed elsewhere, we expect to continue to make significant changes and enhancements to our compliance management systems and program. This work will be ongoing through 2014 and beyond.
Enhanced Vendor Management Function. As part of the transition and development of the Bank’s capabilities in connection with the Spin-Off, we undertook a full review and redesign of our vendor management function. While Navient will, over time, cease to be the Bank’s dominant, third-party vendor, as a stand-alone bank the number of third-party vendors on whom we rely and the volume of work we obtain from them will increase significantly as Navient is replaced.
Manage Operating Expenses While Improving Efficiency and Customer Experience
Post-Spin-Off, two major projects remain to be completed before full operational separation from Navient can be achieved: establishing the Bank’s servicing and loan origination platforms. For the remainder of 2014, the Company will focus on further enhancing a culture that values customer satisfaction and the efficient delivery of its products and services. We will measure our effectiveness by the Company’s efficiency ratio excluding restructuring costs, which are the costs associated with the build-out of our servicing platform and the remaining costs of the Spin-Off. Our efficiency ratio is calculated as operating expense, excluding restructuring costs, divided by total interest income and other income. In the second quarter this ratio was 35 percent. We expect this ratio to decline steadily over the next several years as the balance sheet grows to a level commensurate with our loan origination platform and we control the growth of our expense base.

48


GAAP Results of Operations
We present the results of operations below first on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.
GAAP Statements of Income (Unaudited)
  
Three Months
Ended June 30, 
 
Increase
(Decrease) 
 
Six Months
Ended June 30, 
 
Increase
(Decrease) 
(In millions, except per share data) 2014 2013  % 2014 2013 $ %
Interest income:                
Loans $162
 $122
 $40
 33 % $322
 $254
 $68
 27 %
Investments 2
 6
 (4) (67) 3
 11
 (8) (73)
Cash and cash equivalents 1
 1
 
 
 2
 2
 
 
                 
Total interest income 165
 129
 36
 28
 327
 267
 60
 22
Interest expense:                
Total interest expense 21
 22
 (1) (5) 44
 44
 
 
                 
Net interest income 144
 107
 37
 35
 283
 223
 60
 27
Less: provisions for loan losses 1
 (1) 2
 (200) 40
 20
 20
 100
                 
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses 143
 108
 35
 32
 243
 203
 40
 20
Noninterest income:                
Gains on sales of loans to affiliates, net 2
 73
 (71) (97) 36
 149
 (113) (76)
(Losses) gains on derivatives and hedging activities, net (9) 
 (9) (100) (10) 1
 (11) (1,100)
Other income 15
 9
 6
 67
 23
 16
 7
 44
                 
Total noninterest income 8
 82
 (74) (90) 49
 166
 (117) (70)
Expenses:                
Operating expenses 60
 66
 (6) (9) 124
 127
 (3) (2)
Acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization expense 1
 1
 
 
 3
 2
 1
 50
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses 14
 
 14
 100
 14
 
 14
 100
                 
Total expenses 75
 67
 8
 12
 141
 129
 12
 9
                 
Income before income tax expense 76
 123
 (47) (38) 151
 240
 (89) (37)
Income tax expense 32
 47
 (15) (32) 60
 92
 (32) (35)
                 
Net income 44
 76
 (32) (42) 91
 148
 (57) (39)
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 
 
 
 
 
 (1) 1
 (100)
                 
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation 44
 76
 (32) (42) 91
 149
 (58) (39)
Preferred stock dividends 3
 
 3
 100
 3
 
 3
 100
                 
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock $41
 $76
 $(35) (46)% $88
 $149
 $(61) (41)%
                 
Basic earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation $0.10
 $0.17
 $(0.07) (41)% $0.21
 $0.34
 $(0.13) (38)%
                 
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation $0.09
 $0.17
 $(0.08) (47)% $0.20
 $0.33
 $(0.13) (39)%
                 

49


GAAP Consolidated Earnings Summary
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014 Compared with Three Months Ended June 30, 2013

For the three months ended June 30, 2014, net income was $44 million, or $0.09 diluted earnings per common share, compared with net income of $76 million, or $0.17 diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended June 30, 2013. The decrease in net income was primarily due to a $71 million decrease in gains on sales of loans to affiliates and a $9 million increase in losses on derivatives and hedging activities, net, which was partially offset by a $37 million increase in net interest income and lower operating expenses of $6 million.
The primary contributors to each of the identified drivers of changes in net income for the current quarter compared with the year-ago quarter are as follows:
Net interest income increased by $37 million in the current quarter compared with the year-ago quarter primarily due to a $1.8 billion increase in average Private Education Loans outstanding.
Provisions for loan losses increased $2 million compared with the year-ago quarter. This increase was primarily the result of less loan sales in the second quarter of 2014 increasing the provision by $8 million quarter-over-quarter, higher sales of credit impaired loans increasing the provision by $5 million, and a $3 million increase due to loans entering repayment.  This was partially offset by a $14 million benefit this quarter from the net effect of these hedges, which generally resultsa change in any net settlement cash paid or received being recognized ratablyour loss emergence period from two years to one year and a change in our charge-off policy.
Gains on sales of loans to affiliates decreased by $71 million as an interest expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life.

The accounting for derivatives requires that changesthere were fewer sales to affiliates in the fair valuequarter.

Other income increased $6 million primarily from the divestiture of NGI and an increase in the tax indemnity receivable from Navient. On April 29, 2014, we divested our ownership interests in NGI, though we will continue to partner with NGI under an extended joint marketing agreement.
(Losses) gains on derivative instruments be recognized currentlyand hedging activities, net, resulted in earnings,a net loss of $9 million in the second quarter 2014 compared with no fair value adjustment of$0 in the hedged item, unless specificyear-ago quarter. The primary factors affecting the change were interest rates and whether the derivative qualified for hedge accounting criteria are met. We believetreatment. In second quarter 2014, we had more derivatives used to economically hedge risk that our derivatives are effective economic hedges, and as such, are a critical element of our interest rate and foreign currency risk management strategy. However, some of our derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts and certain basis swaps, dodid not qualify for hedge accounting treatment and the stand-alone derivative must be marked-to-marketthan we did in the income statement with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. These gains and losses recorded in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” are primarily caused by interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate volatility and changing credit spreads during the period as well as the volume and term of derivatives not receiving hedge accounting treatment.

Our Floor Income Contracts are written options that must meet more stringent requirements than other hedging relationships to achieve hedge effectiveness. Specifically, our Floor Income Contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment because the pay down of principal of the student loans underlying the Floor Income embedded in those student loans does not exactly match the change in the notional amount of our written Floor Income Contracts. Additionally, the term, the interest rate index, and the interest rate index reset frequency of the Floor Income Contract can be different than that of the student loans. Under derivative accounting treatment, the upfront payment is deemed a liability and changes in fair value are recorded through income throughout the life of the contract. The change in the value of Floor Income Contracts is primarily caused by changing interest rates that cause the amount of Floor Income earned on the underlying student loans and paid to the counterparties to vary. This is economically offset by the change in value of the student loan portfolio earning Floor Income but that offsetting change in value is not recognized. We believe the Floor Income Contracts are economic hedges because they effectively fix the amount of Floor Income earned over the contract period, thus eliminating the timing and uncertainty that changes in interest rates can have on Floor Income for that period. Therefore, for

purposes of “Core Earnings,” we have removed the unrealized gains and losses related to these contracts and added back the amortization of the net premiums received on the Floor Income Contracts. The amortization of the net premiums received on the Floor Income Contracts for “Core Earnings” is reflected in student loan interest income. Under GAAP accounting, the premiums received on the Floor Income Contracts are recorded as revenue in the “losses on derivative and hedging activities, net” line item by the end of the contracts’ lives.

Basis swaps are used to convert floating rate debt from one floating interest rate index to another to better match the interest rate characteristics of the assets financed by that debt. We primarily use basis swaps to hedge our student loan assets that are primarily indexed to LIBOR, Prime or Treasury bill index (for $128 billion of our FFELP assets as of April 1, 2012, we elected to change the index from commercial paper to LIBOR). In addition, we use basis swaps to convert debt indexed to the Consumer Price Index to three-month LIBOR debt. The accounting for derivatives requires that when using basis swaps, the change in the cash flows of the hedge effectively offset both the change in the cash flows of the asset and the change in the cash flows of the liability. Our basis swaps hedge variable interest rate risk; however, they generally do not meet this effectiveness test because the index of the swap does not exactly match the index of the hedged assets as required for hedge accounting treatment. Additionally, some of our FFELP Loans can earn at either a variable or a fixed interest rate depending on market interest rates and therefore swaps economically hedging these FFELP Loans do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting treatment. As a result, under GAAP, these swaps are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected currently in the income statement.

The table below quantifies the adjustments for derivative accounting between GAAP and “Core Earnings” net income.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

    2013      2012      2013      2012   

“Core Earnings” derivative adjustments:

     

Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net, included in other income

  $(127 $(233 $(140 $(600

Plus: Realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)

   189    180    562    548  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net(2)

   62    (53  422    (52

Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts in net interest income for “Core Earnings”

   (77  (78  (229  (274

Other derivative accounting adjustments(3)

   (4  (9  41    2  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total net impact of derivative accounting(4)

  $(19 $(140 $234   $(324
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

See “Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities” below for a detailed breakdown of the components of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities.

(2)

“Unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” comprises the following unrealized mark-to-market gains (losses):

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

    2013      2012      2013      2012   

Floor Income Contracts

  $115   $(12 $601   $174  

Basis swaps

   5    (7  (13  (55

Foreign currency hedges

   (45  (22  (145  (144

Other

   (13  (12  (21  (27
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net

  $62   $(53 $422   $(52
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(3)

Other derivative accounting adjustments consist of adjustments related to: (1) foreign currency denominated debt that is adjusted to spot foreign exchange rates for GAAP where such adjustment are reversed for “Core Earnings” and (2) certain terminated derivatives that did not receive hedge accounting treatment under GAAP but were economic hedges under “Core Earnings” and, as a result, such gains or losses amortized into “Core Earnings” over the life of the hedged item.

(4)

Negative amounts are subtracted from “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income and positive amounts are added to “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income.

Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities

Derivative accounting requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives and realized gains/losses related to derivative dispositions (collectively referred to as “realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities”) that do not qualify as hedges to be recorded in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. Under our “Core Earnings” presentation, these gains and losses are reclassified to the income statement line item of the economically hedged item. For our “Core Earnings” net interest margin, this would primarily include: (a) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to our Floor Income Contracts to student loan interest income and (b) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to certain of our basis swaps to debt interest expense. The table below summarizes the realized losses on derivative and hedging activities and the associated reclassification on a “Core Earnings” basis.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

    2013      2012      2013      2012   

Reclassification of realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities:

     

Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income

  $(201 $(206 $(612 $(643

Net settlement income on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income

   12    26    44    95  

Net realized gains on terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income

           6      
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total reclassifications of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities

  $(189 $(180 $(562 $(548
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cumulative Impact of Derivative Accounting under GAAP compared to “Core Earnings”

As of September 30, 2013, derivative accounting has reduced GAAP equity by approximately $936 million as a result of cumulative net unrealized losses (after tax) recognized under GAAP, but not in “Core Earnings.” The following table rolls forward the cumulative impact to GAAP equity due to these unrealized after tax net losses related to derivative accounting.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

      2013           2012      2013   2012 

Beginning impact of derivative accounting on GAAP equity

  $(923  $(1,098 $(1,080  $(977

Net impact of net unrealized gains (losses) under derivative accounting(1)

   (13   (85  144     (206
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending impact of derivative accounting on GAAP equity

  $(936  $(1,183 $(936  $(1,183
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Net impact of net unrealized gains (losses) under derivative accounting is composed of the following:

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

    2013       2012       2013       2012   

Total pre-tax net impact of derivative accounting recognized in net income(a)

  $(19  $(140  $234    $(324

Tax impact of derivative accounting adjustments recognized in net income

   7     53     (107   112  

Change in unrealized gain (losses) on derivatives, net of tax recognized in other comprehensive income

   (1   2     17     6  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net impact of net unrealized gains (losses) under derivative accounting

  $(13  $(85  $144    $(206
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(a)

See “‘Core Earnings’ derivative adjustments” table above.

Net Floor premiums received on Floor Income Contracts that have not been amortized into “Core Earnings” as of the respective year-ends are presented in the table below. These net premiums will be recognized in “Core Earnings” in future periods and are presented net of tax. As of September 30, 2013, the remaining amortization term of the net floor premiums was approximately 2.75 years for existing contracts. Historically, we have sold Floor Income Contracts on a periodic basis and depending upon market conditions and pricing, we may enter into additional Floor Income Contracts in the future. The balance of unamortized Floor Income Contracts will increase as we sell new contracts and decline due to the amortization of existing contracts.

   September 30, 

(Dollars in millions)

  2013  2012 

Unamortized net Floor premiums (net of tax)

  $(403 $(600

2)Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets: Our “Core Earnings” exclude goodwill and intangible asset impairment and the amortization of acquired intangible assets. The following table summarizes the goodwill and acquired intangible asset adjustments.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

    2013       2012       2013       2012   

“Core Earnings” goodwill and acquired intangible asset adjustments(1)

  $(4  $(5  $(10  $(13
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Negative amounts are subtracted from “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income.

Business Segment Earnings Summary — “Core Earnings” Basis

Consumer Lending Segment

The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our Consumer Lending segment.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  % Increase
(Decrease)
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  % Increase
(Decrease)
 

(Dollars in millions)

    2013       2012      2013 vs. 2012        2013          2012        2013 vs. 2012   

“Core Earnings” interest income:

        

Private Education Loans

  $635    $615    3 $1,884   $1,856    2

Cash and investments

   1     2    (50  5    6    (17
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total “Core Earnings” interest income

   636     617    3    1,889    1,862    1  

Total “Core Earnings” interest expense

   203     209    (3  613    616      
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net “Core Earnings” interest income

   433     408    6    1,276    1,246    2  

Less: provision for loan losses

   195     252    (23  607    712    (15
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net “Core Earnings” interest income after provision for loan losses

   238     156    53    669    534    25  

Servicing revenue

   11     12    (8  31    36    (14

Direct operating expenses

   85     68    25    228    199    15  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

        1    (100  2    3    (33
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

   85     69    23    230    202    14  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense

   164     99    66    470    368    28  

Income tax expense

   59     36    64    171    134    28  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income from continuing operations

   105     63    67    299    234    28  

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit

        (1  (100  (1  (1    
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings”

  $105    $62    69 $298   $233    28
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Quarterly core earningsyear-ago quarter.

Second-quarter 2014 operating expenses were $105$60 million compared with $62$66 million in the year-ago quarter. The decrease in operating expenses is primarily the result of an $8 million reduction in our litigation reserve, partially offset by a $4 million increase in marketing expenses.
Second-quarter 2014 restructuring and other reorganization expenses were $14 million compared with $0 in the year-ago quarter. The increase is primarily the result of costs related to the Spin-Off.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014 Compared with Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
For the six months ended June 30, 2014, net income was $91 million, or $0.20 diluted earnings per common share, compared with net income of $148 million, or $0.33 diluted earnings per common share for the six months ended June 30, 2013. The decrease in net income was primarily due to a $57$113 million decrease in net gains on sales of loans to affiliates, a $20 million increase in provisions for loan losses, and an $11 million increase in losses on derivatives and hedging activities which were partially offset by a $60 million increase in net interest income.
The primary contributors to each of the provisionidentified drivers of changes in net income for the current six-month period compared with the year-ago six-month period are as follows:
Net interest income increased by $60 million primarily due to a $1.5 billion increase in average Private Education Loan losses.

Third-quarter 2013 Private Education Loan portfolio results vs. third-quarter 2012 included:

Loans outstanding.

Loan originationsProvisions for loan losses increased $20 million compared with the year-ago period primarily as a result of $1.5 billion, up 11 percent.

Delinquenciesgrowth in loans entering repayment and sales of 90 days or morecredit impaired loans to Navient during the period which were partially offset by a $14 million benefit from the net effect of 3.8 percenta change in our loss emergence period from two years to one year and a change in our charge-off policy.

Gains on sales of loans to affiliates decreased by $113 million as a result of fewer loan sales to affiliates.
(Losses) gains on derivative and hedging activities, net, resulted in repayment, down from 5.3 percent.

Loansa net loss of $10 million in forbearancethe first half of 3.4 percent2014 compared with a gain of loans$1 million in repayment and forbearance, up from 3.2 percent.

Annualized charge-off rate of 2.6 percent of average loans in repayment, down from 3.2 percent.

Provision for Private Education Loan losses of $195 million, down from $252 million.

Core net interest margin, before loan loss provision, of 4.24 percent, up from 4.05 percent.

The portfolio balance, net of loan loss allowance, totaled $37.8 billion, a $651 million increase over the year-ago quarter.

Consumer Lending Net Interest Margin

period. The following table showsprimary factors affecting the “Core Earnings” basis Consumer Lending netchange were interest margin alongrates and whether the derivative qualified for hedge accounting treatment. In the first half of 2014 we had more derivatives used to economically hedge risk that did not qualify for hedge accounting treatment than we did in the year-ago period.

50


First-half 2014 operating expenses were $124 million compared with reconciliation$127 million in the first half of 2013. The decrease in operating expenses is primarily the result of an $8 million reduction in our litigation reserve relating to the GAAP-basis Consumer Lending net interest margin before provision for loan losses.

   Three Months Ended

September 30,
  Nine Months Ended

September 30,
 
     2013      2012      2013      2012   

“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan yield

   6.42  6.35  6.38  6.38

Discount amortization

   .19    .17    .21    .22  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan net yield

   6.61    6.52    6.59    6.60  

“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan cost of funds

   (2.01  (2.08  (2.02  (2.05
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan spread

   4.60    4.44    4.57    4.55  

“Core Earnings” basis other interest-earning asset spread impact

   (.36  (.39  (.40  (.40
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” basis Consumer Lending net interest margin(1)

   4.24  4.05  4.17  4.15
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” basis Consumer Lending net interest margin(1)

   4.24  4.05  4.17  4.15

Adjustment for GAAP accounting treatment(2)

   (.03  (.08  (.04  (.11
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

GAAP basis Consumer Lending net interest margin(1)

   4.21  3.97  4.13  4.04
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

The average balances of our Consumer Lending “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets for the respective periods are:

   Three Months Ended

September 30,
   Nine Months Ended

September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

  2013   2012   2013   2012 

Private Education Loans

  $38,102    $37,545    $38,220    $37,612  

Other interest-earning assets

   2,385     2,436     2,660     2,436  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Consumer Lending “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets

  $40,487    $39,981    $40,880    $40,048  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2)

Represents the reclassification of periodic interest accruals on derivative contracts from net interest income to other income and other derivative accounting adjustments. For further discussion of these adjustments, see section titled “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Difference between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP” above.

2014 FDIC Order, which was partially offset by $7 million in increased marketing and servicing costs.

First-half 2014 restructuring and other reorganization expenses were $14 million compared with $0 in the first half of 2013. The increase is primarily the result of costs related to the Spin-Off.
Private Education Loan Provision for Loan Losses and Charge-Offs

The following table summarizes the total Private Education Loan provision for loan losses and charge-offs.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

    2013       2012       2013       2012   

Private Education Loan provision for loan losses

  $195    $252    $607    $712  

Private Education Loan charge-offs

   205     250     649     709  

losses.

  
Three Months Ended
June 30, 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(Dollars in thousands) 2014  2013 2014  2013
Private Education Loan provision for loan losses $329
 $(1,966) $38,982
 $18,278

In establishing the allowance for Private Education Loan losses as of SeptemberJune 30, 2013,2014, we considered several factors with respect to our Private Education Loan portfolio. Inportfolio, in particular, we continue to see improvement in credit quality and continuing positive delinquency, forbearance and charge-off trends in connection with the portfolio.
Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank sold loans that were delinquent more than 90 days to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient. Post-Spin-Off, we (a) have changed SLM’s policy of charging off loans when they are delinquent for 212 days to 120 days and (b) will, nonetheless, continue to sell to Navient Split Loans that are delinquent more than 90 days. Currently, our portfolio of Split Loans amounts to approximately $1.3 billion. Delinquent loans from this portfolio. Improvingportfolio are sold at a discount to par which has historically been included in the Bank’s provision and reduced the allowance for loan losses in equal amounts.
Pre-Spin-Off SLM’s default aversion strategies were focused on the final stages of delinquency, from 150 days to 212 days. As a result of changing our corporate charge-off policy and greatly reducing the number of potentially delinquent loans we sell to Navient, our default aversion strategies must now focus more on loans 60 to 120 days delinquent. We have little experience in executing our default aversion strategies on such compressed collection timeframes. Through June 30, 2014, our delinquency cure rates have exceeded our expectations.
For the reasons described above, many of our historical credit qualityindicators and period-over-period trends are not indicative of future performance and future performance may be somewhat affected by ongoing sales of Split Loans to Navient. Because we now retain more delinquent loans, we believe it could take up to two years before our credit performance indicators provide meaningful period-over-period comparisons.
Private Education Loan provisions for loan losses increased $2 million compared with the year-ago quarter. The provision in the current quarter was primarily driven by a $22 million increase in the provision due to an increase of loans entering repayment which was partially offset by a $14 million benefit this quarter from the net effect of a change in our loss emergence period from two years to one year and a change in our charge-off policy. Although there have been short-term improvements in credit results, it is seenunclear at this point whether these trends are sustainable given our change in higher FICO scores and cosigner rates as wellcharge-off policy. The provision in the prior year quarter was driven by a large loan sale which decreased the provisions for loan losses. Private Education Loan provisions increased $21 million in the six months ended June 30, 2014, compared with the year-ago period primarily as a more seasoned portfolio. result of growth in loans entering repayment and sales of credit impaired loans during the period which were partially offset by the $14 million benefit from the net effect of a change in our loss emergence period from two years to one year and a change in our charge-off policy.
Total loans delinquent (as a percentage of loans in repayment) have decreased to 8.80.7 percent from 10.0 percent in the year-ago quarter. Loans greater than 90 days delinquent (as a percentage of loans in repayment) have decreased to 3.8 percent from 5.3 percent in the year-ago quarter. The charge-off rate decreased to 2.6 percent from 3.20.8 percent in the year-ago quarter.  Loans in forbearance (as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance) have increased to 3.40.9 percent from 3.20.1 percent in the year-ago quarter.

Total The increase in the loans delinquent, however, increased to 8.8 percent from 7.7 percentin forbearance was because in the prior quarter. Our collections and servicing personnel invested significant time this quarter answering customer questions, routing payments and addressing other issues resulting fromyear we typically sold loans in the transition of our Private Education Loan portfoliosame month that a forbearance was offered to a new loan servicing platform. Weborrower. Other than Split Loans, we are increasing our communication efforts with our customers to ensure a smooth transition. Based on the information we have, we do not believe this increase is indicative of future performance trends of these loans.

Apart from these overall improvements in credit quality, delinquency trends and charge-off trends that had the effect of reducing the provision for loan loss in the third quarter of 2013, Private Education Loansretaining loans that have defaulted between 2008 and 2012 for which we have previously charged off estimated losses have, to varying degrees, not met our post-default recovery expectations to date and may continue to not do so. Our allowance for loan losses takesgone into account these potential recovery uncertainties. In the third quarter of 2013 we increased our allowance related to these potential recovery shortfalls by approximately $112 million. See “Financial Condition — Consumer Lending Portfolio Performance — Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans” for further discussion.

The Private Education Loan provision for loan losses was $195 million in the third quarter of 2013, down $57 million from the third quarter of 2012, and $607 million for the first nine months of 2013, down $105 million from the year-ago period. The decline in both periods was a result of the overall improvement in credit quality and performance trends discussed above, leading to decreases in expected future charge-offs. This overall decrease in expected future charge-offs is the net effect of a decrease in expected future defaults less a smaller decrease in what we expect to recover on such defaults.

forbearance.

For a more detailed discussion of our policy for determining the collectability of Private Education Loans and maintaining our allowance for Private Education Loan losses, see Item 77. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Allowance for Loan Losses”Losses.”

51



Upromise Rewards
Upromise generates transaction fees through our Upromise consumer savings network. Since inception through June 30, 2014, members have saved approximately $850 million in our Annual Report on Form 10-Krewards by purchasing products at hundreds of online retailers, booking travel, purchasing a home, dining out, buying gas and groceries, using the Upromise World MasterCard, or completing other qualified transactions. We earn a fee for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Operating Expenses — Consumer Lending Segment

Operating expenses for our Consumer Lending segment include costs incurredmarketing and administrative services we provide to originate Private Education Loans and to service and collect on our Private Education Loan portfolio. The increase in operating expensescompanies that participate in the quarter ended September 30, 2013 comparedUpromise savings network. We also compete with the year-ago quarter was primarily the result ofother loyalty shopping services and companies. Upromise income increased loan marketing activities and collection costs as well as continued investments in technology and an increase in pending

litigation settlement expense. Direct operating expenses as a percentage of revenues (revenues calculated as net interest income after provision plus total other income) were 34 percent and 40 percent in the quarters ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 33 percent and 35 percent in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Business Services Segment

The following table includes “Core Earnings” results$1 million for our Business Services segment.

  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  % Increase
(Decrease)
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  % Increase
(Decrease)
 

(Dollars in millions)

     2013          2012      2013 vs. 2012      2013          2012      2013 vs. 2012 

Net interest income

 $1   $2    (50)%  $4   $5    (20)% 

Servicing revenue:

      

Intercompany loan servicing

  123    164    (25  409    512    (20

Third-party loan servicing

  40    26    54    101    74    36  

Guarantor servicing

  10    11    (9  29    33    (12

Other servicing

  1        100    2        100  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total servicing revenue

  174    201    (13  541    619    (13

Contingency revenue

  104    85    22    312    261    20  

Other Business Services revenue

  6    7    (14  20    25    (20
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income

  284    293    (3  873    905    (4

Direct operating expenses

  103    88    17    299    269    11  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

              1    2    (50
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

  103    88    17    300    271    11  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense

  182    207    (12  577    639    (10

Income tax expense

  66    76    (13  211    234    (10
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income from continuing operations

  116    131    (11  366    405    (10

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax expense

  8    1    700    49        100  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings”

  124    132    (6  415    405    2  

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

      (1  (100  (1  (2  (50
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” attributable to SLM Corporation

 $124   $133    (7)%  $416   $407    2
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” were $124 million in the third quarter of 2013, compared with $133 million in the year-ago quarter. The decrease was primarily the result of a lower outstanding principal balance in the underlying FFELP portfolio serviced.

Our Business Services segment includes intercompany loan servicing fees from servicing the FFELP Loans in our FFELP Loans segment. The average balance of this portfolio was $106 billion and $129 billion for the quarters ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $115 billion and $132 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The decline in average balance of FFELP loans outstanding along with the related intercompany loan servicing revenue from the year-ago period is primarily the result of normal amortization of the portfolio as well as the sale of approximately $12 billion of securitized FFELP loans in the first half of 2013.

We are servicing approximately 5.7 million accounts under the ED Servicing Contract as of September 30, 2013, compared with 5.2 million and 4.1 million accounts serviced at June 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively. Third-party loan servicing fees in the quarters ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 included $29 million and $23 million, respectively, of servicing revenue related to the ED Servicing Contract. The increase in ED loan servicing fees for both the quarter and nine-month periods was driven by the increase in the number of accounts serviced.

Third-party loan servicing income increased $14 million from the year-ago quarter and $27 million for the first ninesix months ended June 30, 2014, compared with the prior-year period primarilyperiods due to the increase in ED servicing revenue (discussed above) as well as a result of the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts in 2013. (See “FFELP Loans Segment” for further discussion.) When we sold the Residual Interests, we retained the right to service the loans in the trusts. As such, servicing income that had previously been recorded as intercompany loan servicing is now recognized as third-party loan servicing income.

At September 30, 2013, we serviced approximately $301 billion principal balance of student loans compared with approximately $252 billion serviced at December 31, 2012. The increase in the principal balance serviced in 2013 was primarily due to the growth in the ED serviced accounts discussed above.

Our contingency revenue consists of fees we receive for collections of delinquent debt on behalf of third-party clients performed on a contingent basis. Contingency revenue increased $19 million in the current quarter compared with the year-ago quarter and $51 million for the first nine months of 2013 compared with the prior-year period as a result of the higher volume of collections.

The following table presents the outstanding inventory of contingent collections receivables that our Business Services segment will collect on behalf of others. We expect the inventory of contingent collections receivables to decline over time as a result of the elimination of FFELP.

(Dollars in millions)

  September 30,
2013
   December 31,
2012
   September 30,
2012
 

Contingent collections receivables:

      

Student loans

  $12,852    $13,189    $11,866  

Other

   2,357     2,139     2,018  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $15,209    $15,328    $13,884  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

In the second quarter of 2013, we sold our Campus Solutions business and recorded an after-tax gain of $38 million. The results related to this business for all periods presented have been reclassified as discontinued operations and are shown on an after-tax basis. In addition, on September 25, 2013, we announced the sale of our 529 college savings plan administration business. This sale is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2013, at which time we expect to recognize a gain of $0.14 per diluted share. As a result of this pending sale, the results of this business were moved to discontinued operations for all periods presented.

Revenues related to services performed on FFELP Loans accounted for 76 percent and 82 percent, respectively, of total segment revenues for the quarters ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and 78 percent and 82 percent, respectively, of total segment revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Operating Expenses — Business Services Segment

Operating expenses for our Business Services segment primarily include costs incurred to service our FFELP Loan portfolio, third-party servicing and collection costs, and other operating costs. The increase in operating expenses in the quarter ended September 30, 2013 compared with the year-ago quarter was primarily the result of an increase in our third-party servicing and collection activities as well as continued investments in technology.

FFELP Loans Segment

The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our FFELP Loans segment.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
   % Increase
(Decrease)
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
   % Increase
(Decrease)
 

(Dollars in millions)

      2013           2012         2013 vs. 2012        2013           2012         2013 vs. 2012   

“Core Earnings” interest income:

           

FFELP Loans

  $574    $712     (19)%  $1,755    $2,090     (16)% 

Cash and investments

   2     3     (33  5     10     (50
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total “Core Earnings” interest income

   576     715     (19  1,760     2,100     (16

Total “Core Earnings” interest expense

   313     399     (22  978     1,233     (21
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net “Core Earnings” interest income

   263     316     (17  782     867     (10

Less: provision for loan losses

   12     18     (33  42     54     (22
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net “Core Earnings” interest income after provision for loan losses

   251     298     (16  740     813     (9

Gains on sales of loans and investments

                312         100  

Servicing revenue

   21     22     (5  60     68     (12
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other income

   21     22     (5  372     68     447  

Direct operating expenses

   129     171     (25  430     537     (20

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

                       
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses

   129     171     (25  430     537     (20
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense

   143     149     (4  682     344     98  

Income tax expense

   51     55     (7  249     126     98  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

“Core Earnings”

  $92    $94     (2)%  $433    $218     99
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” from the FFELP Loans segment were $92 million in the third quarter of 2013, compared with $94 million in the year-ago quarter. Key financial measures include:

Net interest margin of .93 percent in the third quarter of 2013 compared with .92 percent in the year-ago quarter (see “FFELP Loan Net Interest Margin” for a further discussion of this increase).

The provision for loan losses of $12 million in the third quarter of 2013 decreased from $18 million in the year-ago quarter.

FFELP Loan Net Interest Margin

The following table includes the “Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net interest margin along with reconciliation to the GAAP-basis FFELP Loan net interest margin.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   2013  2012  2013  2012 

“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan yield

   2.60  2.65  2.60  2.65

Hedged Floor Income

   .28    .24    .27    .27  

Unhedged Floor Income

   .10    .13    .09    .10  

Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees

   (.64  (.66  (.66  (.66

Repayment Borrower Benefits

   (.11  (.11  (.11  (.12

Premium amortization

   (.11  (.07  (.14  (.16
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net yield

   2.12    2.18    2.05    2.08  

“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan cost of funds

   (1.09  (1.13  (1.07  (1.15
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan spread

   1.03    1.05    .98    .93  

“Core Earnings” basis other interest-earning asset spread impact

   (.10  (.13  (.11  (.11
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net interest margin(1)

   .93  .92  .87  .82
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net interest margin(1)

   .93  .92  .87  .82

Adjustment for GAAP accounting treatment(2)

   .41    .32    .40    .30  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

GAAP-basis FFELP Loan net interest margin(1)

   1.34  1.24  1.27  1.12
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

The average balances of our FFELP “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets for the respective periods are:

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

  2013   2012   2013   2012 

FFELP Loans

  $107,483    $129,621    $114,387    $133,887  

Other interest-earning assets

   4,751     7,601     5,187     6,776  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total FFELP “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets

  $112,234    $137,222    $119,574    $140,663  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(2)

Represents the reclassification of periodic interest accruals on derivative contracts from net interest income to other income, the reversal of the amortization of premiums received on Floor Income Contracts, and other derivative accounting adjustments. For further discussion of these adjustments, see section titled “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Difference between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP” above.

As of September 30, 2013, our FFELP Loan portfolio totaled approximately $106.3 billion, comprised of $40.8 billion of FFELP Stafford and $65.5 billion of FFELP Consolidation Loans. The weighted-average life of these portfolios is 4.9 years and 9.4 years, respectively, assuming a Constant Prepayment Rate (“CPR”) of 4 percent and 3 percent, respectively.

Floor Income

The following table analyzes the ability of the FFELP Loans in our portfolio to earn Floor Income after September 30, 2013 and 2012, based on interest rates as of those dates.

   September 30, 2013  September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in billions)

  Fixed
Borrower
Rate
  Variable
Borrower
Rate
  Total  Fixed
Borrower
Rate
  Variable
Borrower
Rate
  Total 

Student loans eligible to earn Floor Income

  $91.4   $13.6   $105.0   $110.3   $15.5   $125.8  

Less: post-March 31, 2006 disbursed loans required to rebate Floor Income

   (46.1  (1.0  (47.1  (58.2  (1.1  (59.3

Less: economically hedged Floor Income Contracts

   (31.7      (31.7  (35.2      (35.2
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Student loans eligible to earn Floor Income

  $13.6   $12.6   $26.2   $16.9   $14.4   $31.3  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Student loans earning Floor Income

  $13.5   $1.7   $15.2   $9.3   $.8   $10.1  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

We have sold Floor Income Contracts to hedge the potential Floor Income from specifically identified pools of FFELP Consolidation Loans that are eligible to earn Floor Income.

The following table presents a projection of the average balance of FFELP Consolidation Loans for which Fixed Rate Floor Income has been economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts for the period October 1, 2013 to June 30, 2016. The hedges related to these loans do not qualify as accounting hedges.

(Dollars in billions)

  October 1, 2013 to
December 31, 2013
   2014   2015   2016 

Average balance of FFELP Consolidation Loans whose Floor Income is economically hedged

  $31.7    $28.3    $27.2    $10.4  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

FFELP Loan Provision for Loan Losses and Charge-Offs

The following table summarizes the total FFELP Loan provision for loan losses and charge-offs for the three and nine months September 30, 2013 and 2012.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

  2013   2012   2013   2012 

FFELP Loan provision for loan losses

  $12    $18    $42    $54  

FFELP Loan charge-offs

   15     23     57     68  

Gains on Sales of Loans and Investments

The increase in gains on sales of loans and investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 from the nine months ended September 30, 2012, was the result of $312 million in gains from the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts in 2013.

We will continue to service the student loans in the trusts that were sold under existing agreements. The sales removed securitization trust assets of $12.5 billion and related liabilities of $12.1 billion from the balance sheet during the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

Operating Expenses — FFELP Loans

Operating expenses for our FFELP Loans segment primarily include the contractual rates we pay to service loans in term asset-backed securitization trusts or a similar rate if a loan is not in a term financing facility (which

is presented as an intercompany charge from the Business Services segment who services the loans), the fees we pay for third-party loan servicing and costs incurred to acquire loans. The intercompanyadvertising revenue charged by the Business Services segment and included in those amounts was $123 million and $164 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $409 million and $512 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. These amounts exceed the actual cost of servicing the loans. Operating expenses were 48 basis points and 53 basis points of average FFELP Loans in the quarters ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 50 basis points and 54 basis points of average FFELP Loans in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The decline in operating expenses from the prior-year quarter was primarily the result of the reduction in the average outstanding balance of our FFELP Loan portfolio.

Other Segment

The following table includes “Core Earnings” results of our Other segment.

  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  % Increase
(Decrease)
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  % Increase
(Decrease)
 

(Dollars in millions)

   2013    2012  2013 vs. 2012    2013      2012    2013 vs. 2012 

Net interest loss after provision for loan losses

 $(9 $(8  13 $(24 $(13  85

Gains (losses) on sales of loans and investments

              (5  1    (600

Gains on debt repurchases

      44    (100  48    102    (53

Other

  6    3    100    6    10    (40
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total other income

  6    47    (87  49    113    (57

Direct operating expenses

  4    3    33    9    10    (10

Overhead expenses:

      

Corporate overhead

  27    27        90    89    1  

Unallocated information technology costs

  32    27    19    90    80    13  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total overhead expenses

  59    54    9    180    169    7  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

  63    57    11    189    179    6  

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses

  12    1    1,100    43    4    975  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total expenses

  75    58    29    232    183    27  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loss before income tax benefit

  (78  (19  311    (207  (83  149  

Income tax benefit

  (28  (7  300    (75  (29  159  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” (loss)

 $(50 $(12  317 $(132 $(54  144
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Interest Loss after Provision for Loan Losses

Net interest loss after provision for loan losses includes net interest income related to our corporate liquidity portfolio as well as net interest income and provision expense related to our mortgage and consumer loan portfolios.

Gains on Debt Repurchases

We repurchased $0 and $230 million face amount of our debt for the quarters ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively and $997 million and $520 million face amount of our debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Debt repurchase activity will fluctuate based on market fundamentals and our liability management strategy.

Overhead

Corporate overhead is comprised of costs related to executive management, the board of directors, accounting, finance, legal, human resources and stock-based compensation expense. Unallocated information

technology costs are related to infrastructure and operations. The increase in overhead for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared with the year-ago period was primarily the result of a non-recurring $10 million pension termination gain in the first nine months of 2012.

Restructuring and Other Reorganization Expenses

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses for the quarter ended September 30, 2013 were $12 million compared with $1 million in the year-ago quarter. For the quarter ended September 30, 2013, these consisted of expenses primarily related to third-party costs incurred in connection with the Company’s previously announced plan to separate its existing organization into two, separate, publicly traded companies.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, restructuring and other reorganization expenses were $43 million compared with $4 million in the year-ago period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, these consisted of $24 million of expenses related to third-party costs incurred in connection with the Company’s previously announced plan to separate its existing organization into two, separate publicly traded companies and $19 million related to severance. The $4 million of expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 was related to restructuring expenses.

Financial Condition

This section provides additional information regarding the changes in our loan portfolio assets and related liabilities as well as credit quality and performance indicators related to our loan portfolio.

purchases.

Average Balance Sheets - GAAP

The following table reflects the rates earned on interest-earning assets and paid on interest-bearing liabilities and reflects our net interest margin on a consolidated basis.

   Three Months Ended September 30,  Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012  2013  2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Balance   Rate  Balance   Rate  Balance   Rate  Balance   Rate 

Average Assets

             

FFELP Loans

  $107,483     2.58 $129,621     2.58 $114,387     2.50 $133,887     2.45

Private Education Loans

   38,102     6.61    37,545     6.52    38,220     6.59    37,612     6.59  

Other loans

   113     10.39    173     9.20    123     9.77    180     9.40  

Cash and investments

   8,721     .17    11,578     .19    9,327     .18    10,340     .21  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest-earning assets

   154,419     3.44  178,917     3.26  162,057     3.34  182,019     3.19
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-interest-earning assets

   4,356      4,842      4,402      4,802    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total assets

  $158,775     $183,759     $166,459     $186,821    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Average Liabilities and Equity

             

Short-term borrowings

  $16,365     1.01 $22,935     .85 $17,509     1.01 $26,070     .89

Long-term borrowings

   133,542     1.48    152,013     1.56    140,181     1.46    151,865     1.58  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

   149,907     1.43  174,948     1.47  157,690     1.41  177,935     1.48
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-interest-bearing liabilities

   3,315      3,938      3,458      3,896    

Equity

   5,553      4,873      5,311      4,990    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total liabilities and equity

  $158,775     $183,759     $166,459     $186,821    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Net interest margin

     2.05    1.82    1.96    1.74
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

  
Three Months Ended June 30, 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 
  2014 2013 2014 2013
(Dollars in thousands) 
Balance 
 
 
Rate 
 
 
Balance 
 
 
Rate 
 
 
Balance 
 
 
Rate 
 
 
Balance 
 
 
Rate 
 
Average Assets                
Private Education Loans $7,350,825
 8.23% $5,533,745
 8.20% $7,382,565
 8.19% $5,863,633
 8.13%
FFELP Loans 1,374,291
 3.33
 1,087,954
 3.32
 1,387,358
 3.27
 1,064,303
 3.30
Taxable securities 376,199
 2.38
 653,098
 3.44
 248,642
 2.58
 628,471
 3.71
Cash and other short-term investments 1,777,683
 0.25
 1,496,399
 0.29
 1,549,076
 0.26
 1,244,492
 0.30
       
        
  
Total interest-earning assets 10,878,998
 6.10% 8,771,196
 5.89% 10,567,641
 6.25% 8,800,899
 6.12%
                 
Non-interest-earning assets 534,109
   505,532
   484,608
   540,463
  
                 
Total assets $11,413,107
   $9,276,728
   $11,052,249
   $9,341,362
  
                 
Average Liabilities and Equity                
Brokered deposits $5,319,031
 0.95% $4,873,915
 1.25% $5,543,419
 1.03% $4,989,395
 1.28%
Retail and other deposits 3,121,003
 0.92
 2,568,062
 0.97
 3,098,722
 0.92
 2,531,003
 0.99
Other interest-bearing liabilities 559,718
 0.92
 129,190
 0.14
 294,905
 0.92
 171,392
 0.09
Total interest-bearing liabilities 8,999,752
 0.94% 7,571,167
 1.14% 8,937,046
 0.99% 7,691,790
 1.16%
                 
Non-interest-bearing liabilities 769,879
   546,456
   702,382
   520,289
  
Equity 1,643,476
   1,159,105
   1,412,821
   1,129,283
  
                 
Total liabilities and equity $11,413,107
   $9,276,728
   $11,052,249
   $9,341,362
  
                 
Net interest margin   5.08%   4.64%   5.18%   4.82%



52



Rate/Volume Analysis - GAAP


The following rate/volume analysis shows the relative contribution of changes in interest rates and asset volumes.

   Increase
(Decrease)
  Change Due To(1) 

(Dollars in millions)

   Rate  Volume 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 vs. 2012

    

Interest income

  $(124 $81   $(205

Interest expense

   (104  (15  (89
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income

  $(20 $97   $(117
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 vs. 2012

    

Interest income

  $(300 $195   $(495

Interest expense

   (302  (84  (218
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income

  $2   $280   $(278
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands) 
Increase
(Decrease)
 
Change Due To(1)
 
Rate 
 Volume
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014 vs. 2013      
Interest income $36,685
 $9,902
 $26,778
Interest expense (437) (4,293) 3,856
Net interest income $37,122
 $14,195
 $22,927
       
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014 vs. 2013      
Interest income $60,267
 $14,332
 $45,928
Interest expense (392) (6,420) 6,028
Net interest income $60,659
 $20,752
 $39,097
(1)

Changes in income and expense due to both rate and volume have been allocated in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each. The changes in income and expense are calculated independently for each line in the table. The totals for the rate and volume columns are not the sum of the individual lines.

Summary of our StudentOur Education Loan Portfolio

Ending StudentEducation Loan Balances, net
  
June 30, 2014 
 December 31, 2013
(Dollars in thousands) 
Private
Education
Loans 
 
FFELP
Loans
 Total Portfolio 
Private
Education
Loans
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Total
Portfolio
Total education loan portfolio:            
In-school(1)
 $2,199,238
 $1,689
 $2,200,927
 $2,191,445
 $2,477
 $2,193,922
Grace, repayment and other(2)
 5,283,556
 1,358,418
 6,641,974
 4,371,897
 1,424,495
 5,796,392
Total, gross 7,482,794
 1,360,107
 8,842,901
 6,563,342
 1,426,972
 7,990,314
Unamortized premium/(discount) 7,746
 3,851
 11,597
 5,063
 4,081
 9,144
Allowance for loan losses (54,315) (6,212) (60,527) (61,763) (6,318) (68,081)
Total education loan portfolio $7,436,225
 $1,357,746
 $8,793,971
 $6,506,642
 $1,424,735
 $7,931,377
             
% of total 85% 15% 100% 82% 18% 100%

   September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other
  FFELP
Consolidation
Loans
  Total
FFELP
Loans
  Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Total student loan portfolio:

      

In-school(1)

  $844   $   $844   $2,540   $3,384  

Grace, repayment and other(2)

   39,425    65,153    104,578    36,760    141,338  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total, gross

   40,269    65,153    105,422    39,300    144,722  

Unamortized premium/(discount)

   618    440    1,058    (726  332  

Receivable for partially charged-off loans

               1,322    1,322  

Allowance for loan losses

   (82  (48  (130  (2,144  (2,274
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total student loan portfolio

  $40,805   $65,545   $106,350   $37,752   $144,102  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

% of total FFELP

   38  62  100  

% of total

   28  46  74  26  100

   December 31, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other
  FFELP
Consolidation
Loans
  Total
FFELP
Loans
  Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Total student loan portfolio:

      

In-school(1)

  $1,506   $   $1,506   $2,194   $3,700  

Grace, repayment and other(2)

   42,189    80,640    122,829    36,360    159,189  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total, gross

   43,695    80,640    124,335    38,554    162,889  

Unamortized premium/(discount)

   691    745    1,436    (796  640  

Receivable for partially charged-off loans

               1,347    1,347  

Allowance for loan losses

   (97  (62  (159  (2,171  (2,330
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total student loan portfolio

  $44,289   $81,323   $125,612   $36,934   $162,546  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

% of total FFELP

   35  65  100  

% of total

   27  50  77  23  100

(1)

Loans for customers still attending school and are not yet required to make payments on the loan.

(2)

Includes loans in deferment or forbearance.

(1)Loans for customers still attending school and are not yet required to make payments on the loan.

(2)Includes loans in deferment or forbearance.

53


Average Student Loan Balances (net of unamortized premium/discount)

   Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other
  FFELP
Consolidation
Loans
  Total
FFELP
Loans
  Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Total

  $41,445   $66,038   $107,483   $38,102   $145,585  

% of FFELP

   39  61  100  

% of total

   29  45  74  26  100

   Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other
  FFELP
Consolidation
Loans
  Total
FFELP
Loans
  Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Total

  $46,294   $83,327   $129,621   $37,545   $167,166  

% of FFELP

   36  64  100  

% of total

   28  50  78  22  100

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other
  FFELP
Consolidation
Loans
  Total
FFELP
Loans
  Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Total

  $42,552   $71,835   $114,387   $38,220   $152,607  

% of FFELP

   37  63  100  

% of total

   28  47  75  25  100

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other
  FFELP
Consolidation
Loans
  Total
FFELP
Loans
  Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Total

  $48,526   $85,361   $133,887   $37,612   $171,499  

% of FFELP

   36  64  100  

% of total

   28  50  78  22  100


(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended June 30, 2014 Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
Private Education Loans $7,350,825
 84% $5,533,745
 84%
FFELP Loans 1,374,291
 16
 1,087,954
 16
Total portfolio $8,725,116
 100% $6,621,699
 100%

(Dollars in thousands) Six Months Ended June 30, 2014 Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
Private Education Loans $7,382,565
 84% $5,863,633
 85%
FFELP Loans 1,387,358
 16
 1,064,303
 15
Total portfolio $8,769,923
 100% $6,927,936
 100%


Student Loan Activity

   Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other
  FFELP
Consolidation
Loans
  Total
FFELP
Loans
  Total Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Beginning balance

  $41,874   $66,617   $108,491   $37,116   $145,607  

Acquisitions and originations

   57    54    111    1,498    1,609  

Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization

   294    277    571    112    683  

Consolidations to third parties

   (382  (254  (636  (19  (655

Sales

                     

Repayments and other

   (1,038  (1,149  (2,187  (955  (3,142
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $40,805   $65,545   $106,350   $37,752   $144,102  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

   Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other
  FFELP
Consolidation
Loans
  Total
FFELP
Loans
  Total Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Beginning balance

  $48,113   $84,720   $132,833   $36,454   $169,287  

Acquisitions and originations

   225    63    288    1,384    1,672  

Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization

   335    371    706    193    899  

Consolidations to third parties

   (2,071  (1,276  (3,347  (13  (3,360

Sales

   (144      (144      (144

Repayments and other

   (1,180  (1,409  (2,589  (917  (3,506
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $45,278   $82,469   $127,747   $37,101   $164,848  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other
  FFELP
Consolidation
Loans
  Total
FFELP
Loans
  Total Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Beginning balance

  $44,289   $81,323   $125,612   $36,934   $162,546  

Acquisitions and originations

   215    181    396    3,293    3,689  

Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization

   874    862    1,736    522    2,258  

Consolidations to third parties

   (1,205  (764  (1,969  (68  (2,037

Sales(1)

   (102  (12,147  (12,249      (12,249

Repayments and other

   (3,266  (3,910  (7,176  (2,929  (10,105
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $40,805   $65,545   $106,350   $37,752   $144,102  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Stafford and
Other
  FFELP
Consolidation
Loans
  Total
FFELP
Loans
  Total Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Beginning balance

  $50,440   $87,690   $138,130   $36,290   $174,420  

Acquisitions and originations

   2,375    636    3,011    2,876    5,887  

Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization

   980    1,118    2,098    701    2,799  

Consolidations to third parties

   (4,501  (2,536  (7,037  (55  (7,092

Sales

   (428      (428      (428

Repayments and other

   (3,588  (4,439  (8,027  (2,711  (10,738
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $45,278   $82,469   $127,747   $37,101   $164,848  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Includes $12.0 billion of student loans in connection with the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts.

  
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013 
 
(Dollars in thousands) 
 Private
Education
Loans
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Total
Portfolio
 
Private
Education
Loans
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Total
Portfolio
Beginning balance $7,208,356
 $1,394,563
 $8,602,919
 $5,832,126
 $1,077,836
 $6,909,962
Acquisitions and originations 396,941
 
 396,941
 387,822
 107,571
 495,393
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization 25,440
 10,393
 35,833
 17,896
 9,977
 27,873
Sales (74,952) (59) (75,011) (813,197) (50) (813,247)
Repayments and other (119,560) (47,151) (166,711) (89,416) (35,545) (124,961)
Ending balance $7,436,225
 $1,357,746
 $8,793,971
 $5,335,231
 $1,159,789
 $6,495,020
             

  
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 
 
(Dollars in thousands) 
 Private
Education
Loans
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Total
Portfolio
 
Private
Education
Loans
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Total
Portfolio
Beginning balance $6,506,642
 $1,424,735
 $7,931,377
 $5,447,700
 $1,039,754
 $6,487,454
Acquisitions and originations 1,913,926
 7,470
 1,921,396
 1,789,446
 159,171
 1,948,617
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization 53,197
 25,463
 78,660
 34,525
 19,674
 54,199
Sales (713,046) (7,654) (720,700) (1,677,853) (127) (1,677,980)
Repayments and other (324,494) (92,268) (416,762) (258,587) (58,684) (317,271)
Ending balance $7,436,225
 $1,357,746
 $8,793,971
 $5,335,231
 $1,159,788
 $6,495,019
             


54




Student Loan Allowance for Loan Losses Activity

   Three Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Loans
  Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
  FFELP
Loans
  Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Beginning balance

  $133   $2,149   $2,282   $173   $2,186   $2,359  

Less:

       

Charge-offs(1)

   (15  (205  (220  (23  (250  (273

Student loan sales

               (2      (2

Plus:

       

Provision for loan losses

   12    195    207    18    252    270  

Reclassification of interest reserve(2)

       5    5        8    8  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $130   $2,144   $2,274   $166   $2,196   $2,362  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Troubled debt restructuring(3)

  $   $8,674   $8,674   $   $6,897   $6,897  

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  FFELP
Loans
  Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
  FFELP
Loans
  Private
Education
Loans
  Total
Portfolio
 

Beginning balance

  $159   $2,171   $2,330   $187   $2,171   $2,358  

Less:

       

Charge-offs(1)

   (57  (649  (706  (68  (709  (777

Student loan sales

   (14      (14  (7      (7

Plus:

       

Provision for loan losses

   42    607    649    54    712    766  

Reclassification of interest reserve(2)

       15    15        22    22  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $130   $2,144   $2,274   $166   $2,196   $2,362  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Troubled debt restructuring(3)

  $   $8,674   $8,674   $   $6,897   $6,897  

  
Three Months Ended June 30, 
 
  2014 
2013 
 
(Dollars in thousands) 
Private
Education
Loans 
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Total
Portfolio
 
Private
Education
Loans
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Total
Portfolio
Beginning balance $71,453
 $6,181
 $77,634
 $65,381
 $4,199
 $69,580
Less:            
Charge-offs 
 (654) (654) 
 (534) (534)
Student loan sales (17,467) 
 (17,467) (12,546) 
 (12,546)
Plus:            
Provision for loan losses 329
 685
 1,014
 (1,966) 951
 (1,015)
Ending balance $54,315
 $6,212
 $60,527
 $50,869
 $4,616
 $55,485
             
Troubled debt restructuring(1)
 $4,508
 $
 $4,508
 $
 $
 $
  
Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
  2014 
2013 
 
(Dollars in thousands) 
Private
Education
Loans
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Total
Portfolio
 
Private
Education
Loans
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Total
Portfolio
Beginning balance $61,763
 $6,318
 $68,081
 $65,218
 $3,971
 $69,189
Less:            
Charge-offs 
 (1,297) (1,297) 
 (754) (754)
Student loan sales (46,430) 
 (46,430) (32,627) 
 (32,627)
Plus:            
Provision for loan losses 38,982
 1,191
 40,173
 18,278
 1,399
 19,677
Ending balance $54,315
 $6,212
 $60,527
 $50,869
 $4,616
 $55,485
             
Troubled debt restructuring(1)
 $4,508
 $
 $4,508
 $
 $
 $


(1)

Charge-offs are reported net of expected recoveries. For Private Education Loans, the expected recovery amount is transferred to the receivable for partially charged-off loan balance. Charge-offs include charge-offs against the receivable for partially charged-off loans which represents the difference between what was expected to be collected and any shortfalls in what was actually collected in the period. See “Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans” for further discussion.

(2)

Represents the additional allowance related to the amount of uncollectible interest reserved within interest income that is transferred in the period to the allowance for loan losses when interest is capitalized to a loan’s principal balance.

(3)

Represents the recorded investment of loans classified as troubled debt restructuring.


55


Private Education Loan Originations

The following table summarizes our Private Education Loan originations.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

      2013           2012           2013           2012     

Smart Option — interest only(1)

  $361    $351    $811    $809  

Smart Option — fixed pay(1)

   481     428     1,026     845  

Smart Option — deferred(1)

   643     555     1,378     1,108  

Other

   13     15     62     69  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Private Education Loan originations

  $1,498    $1,349    $3,277    $2,831  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

  
Three Months Ended
June 30, 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30, 
(Dollars in thousands) 2014 2013 2014 2013
Smart Option - interest only(1)
 $86,136
 $85,183
 $454,801
 $447,181
Smart Option - fixed pay(1)
 106,781
 103,347
 580,954
 536,249
Smart Option - deferred(1)
 153,147
 142,091
 807,383
 725,621
Smart Option - principal and interest 213
 347
 921
 544
Other 26,628
 31,286
 40,301
 48,199
Total Private Education Loan originations $372,905
 $362,254
 $1,884,360
 $1,757,794
         
(1)

Interest only, fixed pay and deferred describe the payment option while in school or in grace period. See “Consumer Lending Portfolio Performance — Private“Private Education Loan Repayment Options” for further discussion.

Consumer Lending Portfolio Performance

Private Education Loan Delinquencies and Forbearance

Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank exercised its right and sold substantially all of the Private Education Loans it originated that became delinquent or were granted forbearance to one or more of its then affiliates. Because of this arrangement, the Bank did not hold many loans in forbearance. As a result, the Bank had very little historical forbearance activity and very few delinquencies.
In connection with the Spin-Off, the agreement under which the Bank previously made these sales was amended so that the Bank now only has the right to require Navient to purchase loans where (a) the borrower has a lending relationship with both the Bank and Navient (“Split Loans”) and (b) the Split Loans are either (1) more than 90 days past due; (2) have been restructured; (3) have been granted a hardship forbearance or more than six months of administrative forbearance; or (4) have a borrower or cosigner who has filed for bankruptcy. At June 30, 2014, we held approximately $1.3 billion of Split Loans.
Pre-Spin-Off SLM’s default aversion strategies were focused on the final stages of delinquency, from 150 days to 212 days. As a result of changing our corporate charge-off policy and greatly reducing the number of potentially delinquent loans we sell to Navient, our default aversion strategies must now focus more on loans 60 to 120 days delinquent. This change has the effect of accelerating the recognition of losses due to the shorter charge-off period. In addition, we changed our loss confirmation period from two years to one year to reflect the shorter charge-off policy and our revised servicing practices. These two changes resulted in a $14 million net reduction in our allowance for loan losses because we are now only reserving for one year of losses as compared with two years under the prior policy which more than offset the impact of the shorter charge-off period.
For the reasons described above, many of our historical credit indicators and period-over-period trends are not indicative of future performance and future performance may be somewhat affected by ongoing sales of Split Loans to Navient. The following results have not been adjusted to reflect what the delinquencies, charge-offs and recoveries would have been had we not sold these loans. Because we now retain more delinquent loans, we believe it could take up to two years before our credit performance indicators provide meaningful period-over-period comparisons.


56



The table below presents our Private Education Loan delinquency trends.

   Private Education Loan Delinquencies 
   September 30, 
   2013  2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Balance  %  Balance  % 

Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)

  $6,541    $6,800   

Loans in forbearance(2)

   1,108     1,036   

Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:

     

Loans current

   28,856    91.2  27,886    90.0

Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)

   966    3.0    954    3.1  

Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)

   641    2.0    504    1.6  

Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)

   1,188    3.8    1,628    5.3  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total Private Education Loans in repayment

   31,651    100  30,972    100
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total Private Education Loans, gross

   39,300     38,808   

Private Education Loan unamortized discount

   (726   (814 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Total Private Education Loans

   38,574     37,994   

Private Education Loan receivable for partially charged-off loans

   1,322     1,303   

Private Education Loan allowance for losses

   (2,144   (2,196 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Private Education Loans, net

  $37,752    $37,101   
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment

    80.5   79.8
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment

    8.8   10.0
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance

    3.4   3.2
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans in repayment greater than 12 months as a percentage of loans in repayment(4)

    83.2   77.1
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

  
June 30, 
  2014 2013
(Dollars in thousands) Balance % Balance %
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
 $3,017,257
   $2,297,148
  
Loans in forbearance(2)
 39,964
   4,199
  
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:        
Loans current 4,396,772
 99.3% 3,054,707
 99.2%
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
 21,381
 0.5
 18,520
 0.6
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
 5,987
 0.1
 8,462
 0.2
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
 1,433
 0.1
 53
 
Total Private Education Loans in repayment 4,425,573
 100.0% 3,081,742
 100.0%
Total Private Education Loans, gross 7,482,794
   5,383,089
  
Private Education Loan unamortized discount 7,746
   3,011
  
Total Private Education Loans 7,490,540
   5,386,100
  
Private Education Loan allowance for losses (54,315)   (50,869)  
Private Education Loans, net $7,436,225
   $5,335,231
  
         
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment   59.1%   57.2%
         
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment   0.7%   0.8%
         
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance   0.9%   0.1%
(1)

Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on their loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.

(2)

Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

(3)

The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

(4)

Based on number of months in an active repayment status for which a scheduled monthly payment was due.


57


Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses

The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

  2013  2012  2013  2012 

Allowance at beginning of period

  $2,149   $2,186   $2,171   $2,171  

Provision for Private Education Loan losses

   195    252    607    712  

Charge-offs(1)

   (205  (250  (649  (709

Reclassification of interest reserve(2)

   5    8    15    22  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance at end of period

  $2,144   $2,196   $2,144   $2,196  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)

   2.6  3.2  2.7  3.1

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment and forbearance (annualized)

   2.5  3.1  2.6  3.0

Allowance as a percentage of ending total loans

   5.3  5.5  5.3  5.5

Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment

   6.8  7.1  6.8  7.1

Average coverage of charge-offs (annualized)

   2.6    2.2    2.5    2.3  

Ending total loans(3)

  $40,622   $40,111   $40,622   $40,111  

Average loans in repayment

  $31,630   $30,816   $31,631   $30,577  

Ending loans in repayment

  $31,651   $30,972   $31,651   $30,972  

  
Three Months Ended
June 30, 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30, 
(Dollars in thousands) 2014 2013 2014 2013
Allowance at beginning of period $71,453
 $65,381
 $61,763
 $65,218
Provision for Private Education Loan losses 329
 (1,966) 38,982
 18,278
Discount on delinquent student loan sales (17,467) (12,546) (46,430) (32,627)
Allowance at end of period $54,315
 $50,869
 $54,315
 $50,869
         
Allowance as a percentage of ending total loans 0.73% 0.94% 0.73% 0.94%
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment 1.23% 1.65% 1.23% 1.65%
Delinquencies as a percentage of loans in repayment 0.7% 0.8% 0.7% 0.8%
Loans in forbearances as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance 0.9% 0.1% 0.9% 0.1%
Percentage of loans with a cosigner 89.7% 89.2% 89.7% 89.2%
Average FICO at origination 745
 745
 745
 745
Ending total loans(2)
 $7,482,794
 $5,383,128
 $7,482,794
 $5,383,128
Average loans in repayment $4,322,356
 $3,243,513
 $4,354,878
 $3,670,291
Ending loans in repayment $4,425,573
 $3,081,929
 $4,425,573
 $3,081,929
(1)

Charge-offs are reported net of expected recoveries. The expected recovery amount is transferred to the receivable for partially charged-off loan balance. Charge-offs include charge-offs against the receivable for partially charged-off loans which represents the difference between what was expected to be collected and any shortfalls in what was actually collected in the period. See “Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans” for further discussion.

(2)

Represents the additional allowance related to the amount of uncollectible interest reserved within interest income that is transferred in the period to the allowance for loan losses when interest is capitalized to a loan’s principal balance.

(3)

Ending total loans represents gross Private Education Loans, plus the receivable for partially charged-off loans.

The following table provides the detail for our traditional and non-traditional Private Education Loans for the quarters ended.

  September 30, 2013  September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

 Traditional  Non-
Traditional
  Total  Traditional  Non-
Traditional
  Total 

Ending total loans(1)

 $37,151   $3,471   $40,622   $36,250   $3,861   $40,111  

Ending loans in repayment

  29,270    2,381    31,651    28,356    2,616    30,972  

Private Education Loan allowance for losses

  1,611    533    2,144    1,634    562    2,196  

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)

  2.1  8.8  2.6  2.6  10.5  3.2

Allowance as a percentage of ending total loan balance

  4.3  15.4  5.3  4.5  14.6  5.5

Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment

  5.5  22.4  6.8  5.8  21.5  7.1

Average coverage of charge-offs (annualized)

  2.7    2.5    2.6    2.3    2.0    2.2  

Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment

  7.7  22.7  8.8  8.6  25.1  10.0

Delinquencies greater than 90 days as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment

  3.2  11.1  3.8  4.4  14.6  5.3

Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance

  3.2  5.4  3.4  3.1  5.0  3.2

Loans that entered repayment during the period(2)

 $1,009   $13   $1,022   $884   $23   $907  

Percentage of Private Education Loans with a cosigner

  70  31  67  67  30  64

Average FICO at origination

  729    625    722    727    624    719  

(1)

Ending total loans represent gross Private Education Loans, plus the receivable for partially charged-off loans.

(2)

Includes loans that are required to make a payment for the first time.

(2)
 Ending total loans represents gross Private Education Loans.

As part of concluding on the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, we review key allowance and loan metrics. The most significant of these metrics considered are the allowance coverage of charge-offs ratio; the allowance as a percentage of total loans and of loans in repayment; and delinquency and forbearance percentages.

Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans

At the end of each month, for loans that are 212 days past due, we charge off the estimated loss of a defaulted loan balance. Actual recoveries are applied against the remaining loan balance that was not charged off. We refer to this remaining loan balance as the “receivable for partially charged-off loans.” If actual periodic recoveries are less than expected, the difference is immediately charged off through the allowance for loan losses with an offsetting reduction in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans. If actual periodic recoveries are greater than expected, they will be reflected as a recovery through the allowance for Private Education Loan losses once the cumulative recovery amount exceeds the cumulative amount originally expected to be recovered. Private Education Loans which defaulted between 2008 and 2012 for which we have previously charged off estimated losses have, to varying degrees, not met our post-default recovery expectations to date and may continue not to do so. According to our policy, we have been charging off these periodic shortfalls in expected recoveries against our allowance for Private Education Loan losses and the related receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans and we will continue to do so. There was $329 million and $187 million in allowance for Private Education Loan losses at September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, providing for possible additional future charge-offs related to the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans (see “Consumer Lending Segment — Private Education Loan Provision for Loan Losses and Charge-Offs” for a further discussion).

The following table summarizes the activity in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

      2013          2012          2013          2012     

Receivable at beginning of period

  $1,334   $1,277   $1,347   $1,241  

Expected future recoveries of current period defaults(1)

   68    86    216    237  

Recoveries(2)

   (55  (45  (177  (139

Charge-offs(3)

   (25  (15  (64  (36
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Receivable at end of period

   1,322    1,303    1,322    1,303  

Allowance for estimated recovery shortfalls(4)

   (329  (187  (329  (187
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net receivable at end of period

  $993   $1,116   $993   $1,116  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Represents the difference between the defaulted loan balance and our estimate of the amount to be collected in the future.

(2)

Current period cash collections.

(3)

Represents the current period recovery shortfall — the difference between what was expected to be collected and what was actually collected. These amounts are included in total charge-offs as reported in the “Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses” table.

(4)

The allowance for estimated recovery shortfalls of the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans is a component of the $2.1 billion and $2.2 billion overall allowance for Private Education Loan losses as of September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Use of Forbearance as a Private Education Loan Collection Tool

Forbearance involves granting the customer a temporary cessation of payments (or temporary acceptance of smaller than scheduled payments) for a specified period of time. Using forbearance extends the original term of the loan. Forbearance does not grant any reduction in the total repayment obligation (principal or interest). While in forbearance status, interest continues to accrue and is capitalized to principal when the loan re-enters repayment status. Our forbearance policies include limits on the number of forbearance months granted consecutively and the total number of forbearance months granted over the life of the loan. In some instances, we require good-faith payments before granting forbearance. Exceptions to forbearance policies are permitted when such exceptions are judged to increase the likelihood of collection of the loan. Forbearance as a collection tool is used most effectively when applied based on a customer’s unique situation, including historical information and judgments. We leverage updated customer information and other decision support tools to best determine who will be granted forbearance based on our expectations as to a customer’s ability and willingness to repay their obligation. This strategy is aimed at mitigating the overall risk of the portfolio as well as encouraging cash resolution of delinquent loans.

Forbearance may be granted to customers who are exiting their grace period to provide additional time to obtain employment and income to support their obligations, or to current customers who are faced with a hardship and request forbearance time to provide temporary payment relief. In these circumstances, a customer’s loan is placed into a forbearance status in limited monthly increments and is reflected in the forbearance status at month-end during this time. At the end of their granted forbearance period, the customer will enter repayment status as current and is expected to begin making their scheduled monthly payments on a go-forward basis.

Forbearance may also be granted to customers who are delinquent in their payments. In these circumstances, the forbearance cures the delinquency and the customer is returned to a current repayment status. In more limited instances, delinquent customers will also be granted additional forbearance time.

Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank sold Private Education Loans that were delinquent more than 90 days or were granted a hardship forbearance to n entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient. As such, the Bank did not hold many loans in forbearance. Because of this past business practice, we do not have historic forbearance activity. However, subsequent to the Spin-Off, we began using forbearance as part of our loss mitigation efforts. The table below reflects the historical effectiveness of using forbearance. Our experience has shown that three years after being granted forbearance for the first time, 66 percent of the loans are current, paid in full, or receiving an in-school grace or deferment, and 20 percent have defaulted. Thehistoric default experience associated withon loans which utilizeput into forbearance that

58


Navient (pre-Spin-Off SLM) experienced prior to the Spin-Off is considered in the determination of our allowance for loan losses. The number of loans in a forbearance status as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance increased to 3.4 percent in the third quarter of 2013 compared

with 3.2 percent in the year-ago quarter. As of September 30, 2013, one percent of loans in current status were delinquent as of the end of the prior month, but were granted a forbearance that made them current as of September 30, 2013 (customers made payments on approximately 29 percent of these loans as a prerequisite to being granted forbearance).

Tracking by First Time in Forbearance Compared to All Loans Entering Repayment —

Portfolio data through September 30, 2013

 
  Status distribution
36 months after
being granted
forbearance
for the first time
  Status distribution
36 months after
entering repayment
(all loans)
  Status distribution
36 months after
entering repayment for
loans never entering
forbearance
 

In-school/grace/deferment

  9.6  9.0  5.4

Current

  51.0    59.5    67.3  

Delinquent 31-60 days

  3.1    2.0    0.4  

Delinquent 61-90 days

  1.9    1.1    0.1  

Delinquent greater than 90 days

  4.7    2.7    0.3  

Forbearance

  3.9    3.0      

Defaulted

  20.2    11.5    7.5  

Paid

  5.6    11.2    19.0  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  100  100  100
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The tables below show the composition and status of the Private Education Loan portfolio aged by number of months in active repayment status (months for which a scheduled monthly payment was due). As indicated in the tables, the percentage of loans in forbearance status decreases the longer the loans have been in active repayment status. At SeptemberJune 30, 2013,2014, loans in forbearance status as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance were 6.20.9 percent for loans that have been in active repayment status for less than 25 months. The percentage drops to 1.4 percent for loans that have been in active repayment status for more than 48 months. Approximately 6580 percent of our Private Education Loans in forbearance status has been in active repayment status less than 25 months.

(Dollars in millions)

 

September 30, 2013

 Monthly Scheduled Payments Due  Not Yet in
Repayment
  Total 
 0 to 12  13 to 24  25 to 36  37 to 48  More than 48   

Loans in-school/grace/deferment

 $   $   $   $   $   $6,541   $6,541  

Loans in forbearance

  529    187    157    97    138        1,108  

Loans in repayment — current

  4,482    4,987    5,568    4,424    9,395        28,856  

Loans in repayment — delinquent 31-60 days

  247    193    180    134    212        966  

Loans in repayment — delinquent 61-90 days

  214    131    109    77    110        641  

Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days

  383    267    213    139    186        1,188  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $5,855   $5,765   $6,227   $4,871   $10,041   $6,541    39,300  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Unamortized discount

        (726

Receivable for partially charged-off loans

        1,322  

Allowance for loan losses

        (2,144
       

 

 

 

Total Private Education Loans, net

       $37,752  
       

 

 

 

Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance

  9.0  3.2  2.5  2.0  1.4    3.4
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

September 30, 2012

 Monthly Scheduled Payments Due  Not Yet in
Repayment
  Total 
 1 to 12  13 to 24  25 to 36  37 to 48  More than 48   

Loans in-school/grace/deferment

 $   $   $   $   $   $6,800   $6,800  

Loans in forbearance

  588    169    122    65    92        1,036  

Loans in repayment — current

  5,697    6,078    5,115    3,913    7,083        27,886  

Loans in repayment — delinquent 31-60 days

  341    198    165    104    146        954  

Loans in repayment — delinquent 61-90 days

  221    94    80    46    63        504  

Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days

  841    306    221    116    144        1,628  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $7,688   $6,845   $5,703   $4,244   $7,528   $6,800    38,808  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Unamortized discount

        (814

Receivable for partially charged-off loans

        1,303  

Allowance for loan losses

        (2,196
       

 

 

 

Total Private Education Loans, net

       $37,101  
       

 

 

 

Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance

  7.7  2.5  2.1  1.5  1.2    3.2
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The table below stratifies the portfolio of Private Education Loans in forbearance by the cumulative number of months the customer has used forbearance as of the dates indicated. As detailed in the table below, 6 percent of loans currently in forbearance have cumulative forbearance of more than 24 months.

   September 30, 2013  September 30, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Forbearance
Balance
   % of
Total
  Forbearance
Balance
   % of
Total
 

Cumulative number of months customer has used forbearance

       

Up to 12 months

  $838     76 $796     77

13 to 24 months

   202     18    180     17  

More than 24 months

   68     6    60     6  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $1,108     100 $1,036     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dollars in millions)

June 30, 2014
 Monthly Scheduled Payments Due 
Not Yet in
Repayment
 Total
 0 to 12 13 to 24 25 to 36 37 to 48 More than 48 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $3,017
 $3,017
Loans in forbearance 24
 8
 5
 3
 
 
 40
Loans in repayment - current 2,425
 1,050
 505
 378
 39
 
 4,397
Loans in repayment - delinquent 31-60 days 12
 4
 2
 3
 
 
 21
Loans in repayment - delinquent 61-90 days 4
 1
 1
 
 1
 
 7
Loans in repayment - delinquent greater than 90 days 1
 
 
 
 
 
 1
Total $2,466
 $1,063
 $513
 $384
 $40
 $3,017
 7,483
Unamortized discount             7
Allowance for loan losses             (54)
Total Private Education Loans, net             $7,436
               
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance 0.98% 0.73% 0.89% 0.86% 0.58% % %
(Dollars in millions)

June 30, 2013
 Monthly Scheduled Payments Due 
Not Yet in
Repayment
 Total
 0 to 12 13 to 24 25 to 36 37 to 48 More than 48 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $2,297
 $2,297
Loans in forbearance 2
 1
 1
 
 
 
 4
Loans in repayment - current 1,577
 830
 595
 40
 12
 
 3,054
Loans in repayment - delinquent 31-60 days 10
 4
 4
 
 
 
 18
Loans in repayment - delinquent 61-90 days 5
 2
 2
 
 
 
 9
Loans in repayment - delinquent greater than 90 days 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total $1,594
 $837
 $602
 $40
 $12
 $2,297
 5,382
Unamortized discount             3
Allowance for loan losses             (51)
Total Private Education Loans, net             $5,334
               
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance 0.15% 0.09% 0.17% 0.05% 0.21% % %



59


Private Education Loan Repayment Options

Certain loan programs allow customers to select from a variety of repayment options depending on their loan type and their enrollment/loan status, which include the ability to extend their repayment term or change their monthly payment. The chart below provides the optional repayment offerings in addition to the standard level principal and interest payments as of SeptemberJune 30, 2013.

  Loan Program 

(Dollars in millions)

 Signature and
Other
  Smart Option  Career
Training
  Total 

$ in repayment

  $ 23,090    $ 7,278    $ 1,283    $31,651  

$ in total

  27,838    10,127    1,335    39,300  

Payment method by enrollment status:

    

In-school/grace

  Deferred(1)    

 
 

Deferred(1),

interest-only or fixed
$25/month

  

  
  

  

 

Interest-only or fixed

$25/month

  

  

 

Repayment

  

 

Level principal and

interest or graduated

  

  

  

 

Level principal and

interest

  

  

  

 

Level principal and

interest

  

  

 

2014.
(Dollars in thousands 
Signature and
Other
 Smart Option 
Career
Training
 Total
$ in repayment $125,208
 $4,283,202
 $17,163
 $4,425,573
$ in total $276,244
 $7,189,239
 $17,311
 $7,482,794
Payment method by enrollment status:        
In-school/grace 
Deferred(1)

 
Deferred(1),
interest-only or fixed
$25/month

 
Interest-only or fixed
$25/month

  
Repayment 
Level principal and
interest or graduated

 
Level principal and
interest

 
Level principal and
interest

  
(1)

“Deferred” includes loans for which no payments are required and interest charges are capitalized into the loan balance.

The graduated repayment program that is part of Signature and Other Loans includes an interest-only payment feature that may be selected at the option of the customer. Customers elect to participate in this program at the time they enter repayment following their grace period. This program is available to customers in repayment, after their grace period, who would like a temporary lower payment from the required principal and interest payment amount. Customers participating in this program pay monthly interest with no amortization of their principal balance for up to 48 payments after entering repayment (dependent on the loan product type). The maturity date of the loan is not extended when a customer participates in this program. As of September 30, 2013 and 2012, customers in repayment owing approximately $5.0 billion (16 percent of loans in repayment) and $6.7 billion (22 percent of loans in repayment), respectively, were enrolled in the interest-only program. Of these amounts, 10 percent and 11 percent were non-traditional loans as of September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Accrued Interest Receivable

The following table provides information regarding accrued interest receivable on our Private Education Loans. The table also discloses the amount of accrued interest on loans greater than 90 days past due as compared to our allowance for uncollectible interest. The allowance for uncollectible interest exceeds the amount of accrued interest on our 90 days past due portfolio for all periods presented.

   Accrued Interest Receivable 

(Dollars in millions)

  Total   Greater Than
90 Days
Past Due
   Allowance for
Uncollectible
Interest
 

September 30, 2013

  $1,037    $46    $67  

December 31, 2012

  $904    $55    $67  

September 30, 2012

  $1,015    $62    $72  

FFELP Loan Portfolio Performance

FFELP Loan Delinquencies and Forbearance

The table below presents our FFELP Loan delinquency trends.

   FFELP Loan Delinquencies 
   September 30, 
   2013  2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Balance  %  Balance  % 

Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)

  $14,613    $19,512   

Loans in forbearance(2)

   13,191     16,448   

Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:

     

Loans current

   64,144    82.6  75,085    83.0

Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)

   3,798    4.9    4,970    5.5  

Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)

   2,734    3.5    2,546    2.8  

Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)

   6,942    9.0    7,880    8.7  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total FFELP Loans in repayment

   77,618    100  90,481    100
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total FFELP Loans, gross

   105,422     126,441   

FFELP Loan unamortized premium

   1,058     1,472   
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Total FFELP Loans

   106,480     127,913   

FFELP Loan allowance for losses

   (130   (166 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

FFELP Loans, net

  $106,350    $127,747   
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Percentage of FFELP Loans in repayment

    73.6   71.6
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Delinquencies as a percentage of FFELP Loans in repayment

    17.4   17.0
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

FFELP Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance

    14.5   15.4
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Loans for customers who may still be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation, as well as loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making payments due to hardship or other factors.

(2)

Loans for customers who have used their allowable deferment time or do not qualify for deferment, that need additional time to obtain employment or who have temporarily ceased making payments due to hardship or other factors.

(3)

The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

Allowance for FFELP Loan Losses

The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for FFELP Loan losses.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

  2013  2012  2013  2012 

Allowance at beginning of period

   133    173    159    187  

Provision for FFELP Loan losses

   12    18    42    54  

Charge-offs

   (15  (23  (57  (68

Student loan sales

       (2  (14  (7
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Allowance at end of period

  $130   $166   $130   $166  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)

   .08  .10  .09  .10

Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment and forbearance (annualized)

   .06  .08  .08  .08

Allowance as a percentage of ending total loans, gross

   .12  .13  .12  .13

Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment

   .17  .18  .17  .18

Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized)

   2.2    1.8    1.7    1.8  

Ending total loans, gross

  $105,422   $126,441   $105,422   $126,441  

Average loans in repayment

  $78,012   $90,898   $82,196   $92,157  

Ending loans in repayment

  $77,618   $90,481   $77,618   $90,481  

  
Accrued Interest Receivable 
(Dollars in thousands) Total Interest Receivable 
Greater Than
90 Days
Past Due
 
Allowance for
Uncollectible
Interest
June 30, 2014 $434,847
 $69
 $3,633
December 31, 2013 $333,857
 $1
 $4,076
June 30, 2013 $280,267
 $3
 $3,490

60


Liquidity and Capital Resources

Funding and Liquidity Risk Management

The following “Liquidity and Capital Resources” discussion concentrates on our Consumer Lending and FFELP Loans segments. Our Business Services and Other segments require minimal capital and funding.

We define liquidity risk as the potential inability to meet our obligations when they become due without incurring unacceptable losses, such as the ability to fund liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, orall creditworthy loans, invest in future asset growth and business operations at reasonable market rates, as well as the potential inability to fund Private Education Loan originations.meet customer demand for deposit withdrawals and maintain state and federal liquidity requirements. Our threefour primary liquidity needs include our ongoing ability to meet our funding needs forfund our businesses throughout market cycles including(including during periods of financial stress and to avoid any mismatch between the maturity of assets and liabilities,stress), our ongoing ability to fund originations of Private Education Loans, and servicing our indebtednessbank deposits and bank deposits.payment of required dividends on our preferred stock. To achieve these objectives we analyze and monitor our liquidity needs, maintain excess liquidity and plan to access diverse funding sources includingsources. This includes the issuance of unsecured debt, theexpected issuance of secured debt primarily through asset-backed securitizations and/or other financing facilities and through deposits at the Bank.

We define It is our policy to manage operations so that liquidity asneeds are fully satisfied through normal operations so that there is no need to make unplanned sales of assets under emergency conditions. The Bank will target an investment portfolio that meets its liquidity needs. Our liquidity management is guided by policies developed and monitored by our Asset and Liability Committee and approved by our Board of Directors. These policies take into account the volatility of cash flow forecasts, expected maturities, anticipated loan demand and high-quality liquid securities that we can usea variety of other factors to meet our funding requirements. Our primaryestablish minimum liquidity risk relates to our ability to fund new originations and raise replacement funding at a reasonable cost as our unsecured debt and bank deposits mature. In addition, we must continue to obtain funding at reasonable rates to meet our other business obligations and to continue to grow our business. guidelines.

Key risks associated with our liquidity relate to our ability to access the capital markets and bank deposits and access them at reasonable rates. This ability may be affected by our credit ratings, as well as the overallperformance of the Company, the macroeconomic environment and the impact they have on the availability of funding sources in the marketplace. In addition, credit ratings may be important to customers or counterparties when we compete in certain markets and when we seek to engage in certain transactions, including over-the-counter derivatives.

Credit ratings and outlooks are opinions subject to ongoing review by the ratings agencies and may change from time to time based on our financial performance, industry dynamics and other factors. Other factors that influence our credit ratings include the ratings agencies’ assessment of the general operating environment, our

relative positions in the markets in which we compete, reputation, liquidity position, the level and volatility of earnings, corporate governance and risk management policies, capital position and capital management practices. A negative change in our credit rating could have a negative effect on our liquidity because it would raise the cost and availability of funding and potentially require additional cash collateral or restrict cash currently held as collateral on existing borrowings or derivative collateral arrangements. It is our objective to improve our credit ratings so that we can continue to efficiently access the capital markets even in difficult economic and market conditions.

We expect to fund our ongoing liquidity needs, including the origination of new Private Education Loans and the repayment of $3.2 billion of senior unsecured notes that mature in the next twelve months, primarily through our current cash and investment portfolio, the issuance of additional bank deposits and unsecured debt, the predictable operating cash flows provided by earnings, the repayment of principal on unencumbered student loan assets and the distributions from our securitization trusts (including servicing fees which are priority payments within the trusts). We may also draw down on our secured FFELP facilities.

Currently, new Private Education Loan originations are initially funded through deposits and subsequently securitized to term. We have $1.2 billion of cash at the Bank as of September 30, 2013 available to fund future originations. We no longer originate FFELP Loans and therefore no longer have liquidity requirements for new FFELP Loan originations, but will continue to opportunistically purchase FFELP Loan portfolios from others.

Sources of Liquidity and Available Capacity

Ending Balances

(Dollars in millions)

  September 30, 2013   December 31, 2012 

Sources of primary liquidity:

    

Unrestricted cash and liquid investments:

    

Holding Company and other non-bank subsidiaries

  $3,194    $2,376  

Sallie Mae Bank(1)

   1,222     1,598  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments

  $4,416    $3,974  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unencumbered FFELP Loans

  $2,013    $1,656  

(Dollars in thousands) June 30, 2014 December 31, 2013
Sources of primary liquidity:    
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments:    
Holding Company and other non-bank subsidiaries $8,664
 $1,052
Sallie Mae Bank(1)
 1,515,512
 2,181,813
Available-for-sale investments 149,399
 102,105
Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments $1,673,575
 $2,284,970

(1) This amount will be used primarily to originate student loans at the Bank. See discussion below on restrictions on the Bank to pay dividends.

Average Balances

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 

(Dollars in millions)

  2013   2012   2013   2012 

Sources of primary liquidity:

        

Unrestricted cash and liquid investments:

        

Holding Company and other non-bank subsidiaries

  $2,270    $2,785    $2,445    $2,343  

Sallie Mae Bank(1)

   1,375     794     1,432     778  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments

  $3,645    $3,579    $3,877    $3,121  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unencumbered FFELP Loans

  $1,932    $1,040    $1,839    $1,132  

  
Three Months Ended
June  30, 
 
Six Months Ended
June  30, 
(Dollars in thousands) 2014 
2013 
 2014 
2013 
Sources of primary liquidity:        
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments:        
Holding Company and other non-bank subsidiaries $50,467
 $1,246
 $4,858
 $996
Sallie Mae Bank(1)
 1,705,493
 1,626,773
 1,542,794
 1,399,305
Available-for-sale investments 138,251
 648,392
 125,752
 618,288
Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments $1,894,211
 $2,276,411
 $1,673,404
 $2,018,589
(1)

(1)This amount will be used primarily to originate or acquire student loans at the Bank. See discussion below on restrictions on the Bank to pay dividends.

Liquidity may also be available under secured credit facilities to the extent we have eligible collateral and capacity available. Maximum borrowing capacity under the FFELP Loan — other facilities will vary and be subject to each agreement’s borrowing conditions, including, among others, facility size, current usage and availability of qualifying collateral from unencumbered FFELP Loans. As of September


61


Deposits

The following table summarizes total deposits at June 30, 20132014 and December 31, 2012,2013.
  June 30, December 31, 
(Dollars in thousands) 2014 2013 
Deposits - interest bearing $9,503,559
 $9,239,554
 
Deposits - non-interest bearing 42,455
 55,036
 
Total Sallie Mae Bank deposits 9,546,014
 9,294,590
 
Less money market deposits with subsidiaries (655,805) (293,040) 
Total deposits $8,890,209
 $9,001,550
 

Interest Bearing
Interest bearing deposits as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 consisted of non-maturity savings deposits, brokered and retail certificates of deposit and affiliated money market deposits, as discussed further below, and brokered money market deposits. These deposit products are serviced by third party providers. Placement fees associated with the maximum additional capacity under these facilities was $11.2 billionbrokered certificates of deposit are amortized into interest expense using the effective interest rate method. We recognized placement fee expense of $2,472 thousand and $11.8 billion, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the average maximum additional

capacity under these facilities was $11.4 billion and $11.1 billion, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the average maximum additional capacity under these facilities was $11.1 billion and $11.3 billion, respectively.

We also hold a number of other unencumbered assets, consisting primarily of Private Education Loans and other assets. Total unencumbered student loans, net, comprised $13.5 billion of our unencumbered assets of which $11.5 billion and $2.0 billion related to Private Education Loans, net and FFELP Loans, net, respectively. At September 30, 2013, we had a total of $22.8 billion of unencumbered assets inclusive of those described above as sources of primary liquidity and exclusive of goodwill and acquired intangible assets.

The Bank’s ability to pay dividends is subject to the laws of Utah and the regulations of the FDIC. Generally, under Utah’s industrial bank laws and regulations as well as FDIC regulations, the Bank may pay dividends from its net profits without regulatory approval if, following the payment of the dividend, the Bank’s capital and surplus would not be impaired. While applicable Utah and FDIC regulations differ in approach as to determinations of impairment of capital and surplus, neither method of determination has historically required the Bank to obtain consent to the payment of dividends. The Bank paid no dividends$2,379,000 thousand for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively and $5,222 thousand and $4,879 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. No fees were paid to third party brokers related to these certificates of deposit during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013. For

Historically, we have also offered consumer deposit products in the form of debit cards associated with interest bearing consumer (“NOW”) accounts to facilitate the distribution of financial aid refunds and other payables to students. These deposit products were serviced by third party providers. As of April 30, 2014, we no longer offer these products.

Interest bearing deposits at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are summarized as follows:
  June 30, 2014 December 31, 2013 
(Dollars in thousands) Amount Year-End Weighted Average Stated Rate Amount Year-End Weighted Average Stated Rate 
          
Money market $4,643,164
 0.60% $3,505,929
 0.60% 
Savings 727,350
 0.81
 743,742
 0.81
 
NOW 
 
 18,214
 0.12
 
Certificates of deposit 4,133,045
 1.09
 4,971,669
 1.39
 
Deposits - interest bearing $9,503,559
   $9,239,554
 

 

As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, there were $ 258 million and $159 million of deposits exceeding Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance limits. Accrued interest on deposits was $10 million and $13 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

Money market deposits with affiliates

Our Upromise subsidiary maintains a money market deposit at the Bank which totaled $288 million and $293 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, which was interest bearing. Interest expense incurred on these deposits during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2012,2014 and 2013 totaled $66 thousand and $85 thousand, respectively and for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 totaled $117 thousand and $192 thousand, respectively. The Company also maintains a money market deposit at the Bank paid dividendswhich totaled $368 million at June 30, 2014 and $0 at December 31, 2013.

62




NonInterest Bearing

Noninterest bearing deposits as of $75 million. For the nine months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20132014 and 2012, the Bank paid dividends of $120 million and $345 million, respectively.

For further discussion of our various sources of liquidity, such as the FFELP Loan — other facilities, the Bank, our continued access to the ABS market, our Private Education Loans — other facilities and our issuance of unsecured debt, see “Note 6 — Borrowings” in our 2012 Form 10-K.

The following table reconciles encumbered and unencumbered assets and their net impact on total tangible equity.

(Dollars in billions)

  September 30,
2013
  December 31,
2012
 

Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities (encumbered assets) — FFELP Loans

  $5.8   $6.6  

Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities (encumbered assets) — Private Education Loans

   6.6    6.6  

Tangible unencumbered assets(1)

   22.8    21.2  

Unsecured borrowings

   (27.1  (26.7

Mark-to-market on unsecured hedged debt(2)

   (1.0  (1.7

Other liabilities, net

   (1.9  (1.4
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total tangible equity

  $5.2   $4.6  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Excludes goodwill and acquired intangible assets.

(2)

At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, there were $1.0 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively, of net gains on derivatives hedging this debt in unencumbered assets, which partially offset these losses.

Transactions during the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

The following financing transactions have taken place in the first nine months of 2013:

Unsecured Financings:

January 28, 2013 — issued $1.5 billion senior unsecured bonds.

September 20, 2013 — issued $1.25 billion senior unsecured bonds.

FFELP ABS Financings:

February 14, 2013 — issued $1.2 billion FFELP ABS.

April 11, 2013 — issued $1.2 billion FFELP ABS.

June 20, 2013 — issued $1.2 billion FFELP ABS.

August 15, 2013 — issued $747 million FFELP ABS.

September 19, 2013 — issued $996 million FFELP ABS.

Private Education Loan ABS Financings:

January 31, 2013 — issued $0.3 billion Private Education Loan ABS funding a portfolioconsisted of previously issued auction rate securities that we had reacquired.

March 7, 2013 — issued $1.1 billion Private Education Loan ABS.

May 2, 2013 — issued $1.1 billion Private Education Loan ABS.

September 26, 2013 — issued $624 million Private Education Loan ABS.

FFELP ABCP Facility

On June 10, 2013, we closed on a new $6.8 billion credit facility that matures in June 2014 to facilitate the term securitization of FFELP Loans. The facility was used in June 2013 to refinance all of the FFELP Loans previously financed through the ED Conduit Program. As a result, we ended our participation in the ED Conduit Program.

Private Education Loan Facility

On July 17, 2013, we closed on a $1.1 billion asset-backed borrowing facility that matures on August 15, 2015. The facility was used to fund the callmoney market deposit accounts and redemption of our SLM 2009-D Private Education Loan Trust ABS, which occurred on August 15, 2013.

Shareholder Distributions

In third-quarter 2013, we paid a common stock dividend of $0.15 per share.

In July 2013, we authorized $400 million to be utilized in a new common share repurchase program that does not have an expiration date. There were no share repurchases in the third-quarter 2013.

2013 Sales of FFELP Loan Securitization Trust Residual Interests

On February 13, 2013, we sold the Residual Interest in a FFELP Loan securitization trust to a third party. We will continue to service the student loans in the trust under existing agreements. The sale removed securitization trust assets of $3.82 billion and related liabilities of $3.68 billion from our balance sheet.

On April 11, 2013, we sold the Residual Interest in a FFELP Loan securitization trust to a third party. We will continue to service the student loans in the trust under existing agreements. The sale removed securitization trust assets of $2.03 billion and related liabilities of $1.99 billion from our balance sheet.

On June 13, 2013, we sold the three Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts to a third party. We will continue to service the student loans in the trusts under existing agreements. The sale removed securitization trust assets of $6.60 billion and related liabilities of $6.42 billion from our balance sheet.

are summarized as follows:

  June 30, December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2014 2013
     
Money market $42,455
 $55,036
Deposits - noninterest bearing $42,455
 $55,036


Counterparty Exposure

Counterparty exposure related to financial instruments arises from the risk that a lending, investment or derivative counterparty will not be able to meet its obligations to us. Risks associated with our lending portfolio are discussed in Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Condition — Consumer Lending Portfolio Performance” and “— FFELP Loan Portfolio Performance.”

Our investment portfolio is composed of very short-term securities issued by a diversified group of highly rated issuers, limiting our counterparty exposure.exposure, as well as mortgage-backed securities issued by government agencies and government sponsored enterprises. Additionally, our investing activity is governed by Board approvedBoard-approved limits on the amount that is allowed to be invested with any one issuer based on the credit rating of the issuer, further minimizing our counterparty exposure. Counterparty credit risk is considered when valuing investments and considering impairment.

Related to derivative transactions, protection against counterparty risk is generally provided by International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ISDA”) Credit Support Annexes (“CSAs”)., or clearinghouses for OTC derivatives which eliminate counterparty risk. CSAs require a counterparty to post collateral if a potential default would expose the other party to a loss. All derivative contracts entered into by SLM Corporation and the Bank are covered under such agreements and require collateral to be exchanged based on the net fair value of derivatives with each counterparty. Our securitization trusts require collateral in all cases if the counterparty’s credit rating is withdrawn or downgraded below a certain level. Additionally, securitizations involving foreign currency notes issued after November 2005 also require the counterparty to post collateral to the trust based on the fair value of the derivative, regardless of credit rating. The trusts are not required to post collateral to the counterparties. In all cases, our exposure is limited to the value of the derivative contracts in a gain position net of any collateral we are holding. We consider counterparties’ credit risk when determining the fair value of derivative positions on our exposure net of collateral.

Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act requires all standardized derivatives, including most interest rate swaps to be submitted for clearing to central counterparties to eliminate counterparty risk. As of June 30 2014, $2.0 billion notional of our derivative contracts were cleared on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the London Clearing House. All derivative contracts cleared through an exchange require collateral to be exchanged based on the fair value of the derivative. Our exposure is limited to the value of the derivative contracts in a gain position net of any collateral we are holding.
We have liquidity exposure related to collateral movements between us and our derivative counterparties. Movements in the value of the derivatives, which are primarily affected by changes in interest rate and foreign exchange rates, may require us to return cash collateral held or may require us to access primary liquidity to post collateral to counterparties. If our credit ratings are downgraded from current levels, we may be required to segregate additional unrestricted cash collateral into restricted accounts.

The table below highlights exposure related to our derivative counterparties at SeptemberJune 30, 2013.

(Dollars in millions)

 SLM Corporation
and Sallie Mae Bank
Contracts
  Securitization Trust
Contracts
 

Exposure, net of collateral(1)

 $83   $860  

Percent of exposure to counterparties with credit ratings below S&P AA- or Moody’s Aa3

  90  37

Percent of exposure to counterparties with credit ratings below S&P A- or Moody’s A3

  0  0

(1)

Recent turmoil in the European markets has led to increased disclosure of exposure to those markets. Our securitization trusts had total net exposure of $740 million related to financial institutions located in France; of this amount, $540 million carries a guaranty from the French government. The total exposure relates to $5.7 billion notional amount of cross-currency interest rate swaps held in our securitization trusts, of which $3.4 billion notional amount carries a guaranty from the French government. Counterparties to the cross currency interest rate swaps are required to post collateral when their credit rating is withdrawn or downgraded below a certain level. As of September 30, 2013, no collateral was required to be posted and we are not holding any collateral related to these contracts. Adjustments are made to our derivative valuations for counterparty credit risk. The adjustments made at September 30, 2013 related to derivatives with French financial institutions (including those that carry a guaranty from the French government) decreased the derivative asset value by $90 million. Credit risks for all derivative counterparties are assessed internally on a continual basis.

2014.

(Dollars in thousands) 
SLM Corporation
and Sallie Mae Bank
Contracts
Exposure, net of collateral $2,256
Percent of exposure to counterparties with credit ratings below S&P AA- or Moody’s Aa3 8%
Percent of exposure to counterparties with credit ratings below S&P A- or Moody’s Baa 8%

63


Regulatory Capital
The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking authorities. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material adverse effect on our financial statements. Under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings and other factors.
Core Earnings” Basis Borrowings

Well capitalized” regulatory requirements are the quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy. The Bank is required to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of Total and Tier I Capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier I Capital to average assets, as defined by the regulation. The following tables presentamounts and ratios are based upon the ending balancesBank's assets.

  Actual Well Capitalized Regulatory Requirements
(Dollars in thousands) AmountRatio Amount Ratio
As of June 30, 2014:       
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets) $1,291,390
11.6% $554,956
>5.0%
Tier I Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) $1,291,390
15.2% $509,071
>6.0%
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) $1,351,917
15.9% $848,451
>10.0%
As of December 31, 2013:       
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets) $1,221,416
11.7% $521,973
>5.0%
Tier I Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) $1,221,416
16.4% $446,860
>6.0%
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) $1,289,497
17.3% $745,374
>10.0%


64


Capital Management
The Bank’s goal is to remain well-capitalized at all times with sufficient capital to support asset growth, operating needs, unexpected credit risks and to protect the interests of depositors and the deposit insurance fund. We are required by our “Core Earnings” basis borrowings at Septemberregulators, the UDFI and the FDIC, to comply with mandated capital ratios. We intend to maintain levels of capital that significantly exceed the levels of capital necessary to be considered “well capitalized” by the FDIC. The Company is a source of strength for the Bank and will provide additional capital if necessary. The Board of Directors and management evaluated the anticipated change in the Bank’s ownership structure, the quality of assets, the stability of earnings, and the adequacy of the Allowance for Loan Losses and believe that current capital levels can be maintained throughout 2014. As of June 30, 2014, the Bank held total Risk-Based Capital of $1.4 billion or 15.9 percent. We expect significant asset growth and are a new stand-alone bank as a result of the Spin-Off. We do not plan to pay a dividend or or authorize any publicly announced share repurchase program in 2014 or 2015. The Bank will reinvest excess capital in its Private Education Loan business.
On July 9, 2013, the FDIC Board of Directors approved an interim final rule that adopts new rules related to regulatory capital measurement and reporting. The interim final rule would strengthen both the quantity and quality of risk-based capital for all banks, placing greater emphasis on Tier 1 common equity capital. The Bank’s updated Capital Policy, approved in December 31, 2012,2013, requires that management begin monitoring the new capital standards ahead of their implementation date of January 2015. Under the new guidelines, well-capitalized institutions will be required to maintain a minimum Tier 1 Leverage ratio of 5 percent, a minimum Tier 1 common equity risk-based capital ratio of 6.5 percent, a minimum Tier 1 risk-based capital of 8 percent and average balancesminimum total risk-based capital of 10 percent. In addition, a capital conservation buffer will be phased in over four years beginning on January 1, 2016, as follows: the maximum buffer will be 0.625 percent of risk weighted assets for 2016, 1.25 percent for 2017, 1.875 percent for 2018 and average interest rates2.5 percent for 2019 and beyond, resulting in the following minimum ratios beginning in 2019: a Tier 1 common equity risk-based capital ratio of our “Core Earnings” basis borrowingsa minimum 7.0 percent, a Tier 1 capital ratio of a minimum 8.5 percent and a total risk-based capital ratio of a minimum 10.5 percent. Institutions that do not maintain the capital conservation buffer could face restrictions on dividend payments, share repurchases and the payment of discretionary bonuses.
As of June 30, 2014, the Bank had a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 11.6 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 15.2 percent and total risk-based capital ratio of 15.9 percent, exceeding the current guidelines by a significant factor. Our ratios would also exceed the future guidelines if we calculated them today based on the new definitions of capital and risk weighted assets.
The Bank is chartered under the laws of the State of Utah and its deposits are insured by the FDIC. The Bank’s ability to pay dividends is subject to the laws of Utah and the regulations of the FDIC. Generally, under Utah’s industrial bank laws and regulations as well as FDIC regulations, the Bank may pay dividends to the Company from its net profits without regulatory approval if, following the payment of the dividend, the Bank’s capital and surplus would not be impaired. The Bank paid no dividends for the three and nine months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2014 and 2013 or for the six months ended June 30, 2014. For the six months ended June 30, 2013, the Bank paid dividends of $120 million. For the foreseeable future, we expect the Bank to pay dividends to the Company only in amounts sufficient to provide for regularly scheduled dividends payable on the Company’s Series A and 2012. Series B Preferred Stock.
Contractual Cash Obligations
The average interest rates include derivatives that are economically hedging the underlying debt but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. (See “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Differences between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP — Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities” of this Item 2).

Ending Balances

   September 30, 2013   December 31, 2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Short
Term
   Long
Term
   Total   Short
Term
   Long
Term
   Total 

Unsecured borrowings:

            

Senior unsecured debt

  $3,201    $15,509    $18,710    $2,319    $15,446    $17,765  

Bank deposits

   5,732     1,896     7,628     4,226     3,088     7,314  

Other(1)

   806          806     1,609          1,609  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total unsecured borrowings

   9,739     17,405     27,144     8,154     18,534     26,688  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Secured borrowings:

            

FFELP Loan securitizations

        91,690     91,690          105,525     105,525  

Private Education Loan securitizations

        19,434     19,434          19,656     19,656  

FFELP Loan — other facilities

   5,794     5,394     11,188     11,651     4,827     16,478  

Private Education Loan — other facilities

        878     878          1,070     1,070  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total secured borrowings

   5,794     117,396     123,190     11,651     131,078     142,729  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total before hedge accounting adjustments

   15,533     134,801     150,334     19,805     149,612     169,417  

Hedge accounting adjustments

   39     2,143     2,182     51     2,789     2,840  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $15,572    $136,944    $152,516    $19,856    $152,401    $172,257  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

“Other” primarily consists of the obligation to return cash collateral held related to derivative exposures.

Secured borrowings comprised 82 percent and 84 percentfollowing table provides a summary of our “Core Earnings” basis debt outstandingcontractual principal obligations associated with long-term bank deposits at SeptemberJune 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

Average Balances

   Three Months Ended September 30,  Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012  2013  2012 

(Dollars in millions)

  Average
Balance
   Average
Rate
  Average
Balance
   Average
Rate
  Average
Balance
   Average
Rate
  Average
Balance
   Average
Rate
 

Unsecured borrowings:

             

Senior unsecured debt

  $17,642     3.24 $18,342     3.03 $17,936     3.21 $18,225     2.95

Bank deposits

   7,418     1.11    5,191     1.37    7,471     1.16    5,409     1.49  

Other(1)

   759     .09    1,508     .24    1,108     .16    1,425     .17  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total unsecured borrowings

   25,819     2.53    25,041     2.52    26,515     2.50    25,059     2.47  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Secured borrowings:

             

FFELP Loan securitizations

   91,777     1.00    106,652     1.10    96,949     .98    106,962     1.12  

Private Education Loan securitizations

   19,689     2.00    19,647     2.13    20,001     2.04    19,147     2.11  

FFELP Loan — other facilities

   12,079     1.01    22,030     .98    13,678     1.01    24,646     .97  

Private Education Loan — other facilities

   543     1.37    1,578     1.73    547     1.70    2,121     1.77  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total secured borrowings

   124,088     1.16    149,907     1.22    131,175     1.15    152,876     1.23  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $149,907     1.40 $174,948     1.41 $157,690     1.38 $177,935     1.40
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

“Core Earnings” average balance and rate

  $149,907     1.40 $174,948     1.41 $157,690     1.38 $177,935     1.40

Adjustment for GAAP accounting treatment

        .03         .06         .03         .08  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

GAAP basis average balance and rate

  $149,907     1.43 $174,948     1.47 $157,690     1.41 $177,935     1.48
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

“Other” primarily consists of the obligation to return cash collateral held related to derivative exposure.

2014.

  June 30, 
(Dollars in thousands) 2014 
One year or less $948,769
 
One to 3 years 1,790,342
 
3 to 5 years 963,536
 
Over 5 years 
 
Total contractual cash obligations $3,702,647
 


65


Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations addresses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. A discussionThe preparation of ourthese financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results may differ from these estimates under varying assumptions or conditions. On a quarterly basis, management evaluates its estimates, particularly those that include the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments and are often about matters that are inherently uncertain. The most significant judgments, estimates and assumptions relate to the following critical accounting policies which includethat are discussed in more detail below.
Allowance for Loan Losses

In determining the allowance for loan losses premiumon our Private Education Loan non-TDR portfolio, we estimate the principal amount of loans that will default over the next year (one year being the expected period between a loss event and discount amortizationdefault) and how much we expect to recover over the same one year period related to the defaulted amount. Expected defaults less our expected recoveries equal the allowance related to this portfolio. Our historical experience indicates that, on average, the time between the date that a customer experiences a default causing event (i.e., the loss trigger event) and the date that we charge off the unrecoverable portion of that loan is one year.

In estimating both the non-TDR and TDR allowance amounts, we start with historical experience of customer delinquency and default behavior. We make judgments about which historical period to start with and then make further judgments about whether that historical experience is representative of future expectations and whether additional adjustments may be needed to those historical default rates. We may also take the economic environment into consideration when calculating the allowance for loan losses.

Our non-TDR allowance for loan losses is estimated using an analysis of delinquent and current accounts. Our model is used to estimate the likelihood that a loan receivable may progress through the various delinquency stages and ultimately charge off (“migration analysis”). Once a charge-off forecast is estimated, a recovery assumption is layered on top.

In connection with the Spin-Off, we changed our charge-off policy for Private Education Loans to charging off loans after 120 days of delinquency. Pre-Spin-Off SLM default aversion strategies were focused on the final stages of delinquency, from 150 days to 212 days. Our default aversion strategies are now focused on loans that are 60 to 120 days delinquent. It is uncertain if our existing default aversion strategies will be as successful in this compressed collection timeframe. We implemented our 120 day collection strategy in April 2014. Through June 30, 2014, our delinquency cure rates have exceeded our expectations.

The migration analysis model is based upon sixteen months of actual collection experience which includes twelve months of collection experience using the 212 day charge off default aversion strategies and four months of experience using the 120 day charge off default aversion strategies. We only used collection data from the first four collection buckets for all sixteen months. This results in our placing a greater emphasis on older periods when the accounts were not being aggressively collected in the 60 to 120 days delinquent buckets. We believe this is appropriate as we have a very limited data since the change in collection practices to be confident that the positive trends will continue. Once the quantitative calculation is performed, we review the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and determine if qualitative adjustments need to be considered. As part of this process we consider changes in laws and regulations that could potentially impact the allowance for loan losses. We did not adjust our allowance to reflect any qualitative impacts.

Separately, for our TDR portfolio, we estimate an allowance amount sufficient to cover life-of-loan expected losses through an impairment calculation based on the difference between the loan’s basis and the present value of expected future cash flows (which would include life-of-loan default and recovery assumptions) discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. Our TDR portfolio is comprised mostly of loans with interest rate reductions and forbearance usage greater than three months.

The separate allowance estimates for our TDR and non-TDR portfolios are combined into our total allowance for Private Education Loan losses. The evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates and assumptions that may be susceptible to significant changes. If actual future performance in delinquency, charge-offs or recoveries are significantly different than estimated, this could materially affect our estimate of the allowance for loan losses and the related provision for loan losses on our income statement.


66


Similar to the rules governing FFELP payment requirements, our collection policies allow for periods of nonpayment for borrowers requesting additional payment grace periods upon leaving school or experiencing temporary difficulty meeting payment obligations. This is referred to as forbearance status and is considered separately in the allowance for loan losses. The loss confirmation period is in alignment with the typical collection cycle and takes into account these periods of nonpayment.

As part of concluding on the adequacy of the allowance for loan loss, we review key allowance and loan metrics. The most relevant of these metrics considered are the allowance coverage of charge-offs ratio; the allowance as a percentage of total loans and of loans in repayment; and delinquency and forbearance percentages.

We consider a loan to be delinquent 31 days after the last payment was contractually due. We use a model to estimate the amount of uncollectible accrued interest on Private Education Loans and reserve for that amount against current period interest income.

FFELP Loans are insured as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of default subject to a Risk Sharing level based on the date of loan disbursement. These insurance obligations are supported by contractual rights against the United States. For loans disbursed after October 1, 1993, and before July 1, 2006, we receive 98 percent reimbursement on all qualifying default claims. For loans disbursed on or after July 1, 2006, we receive 97 percent reimbursement. For loans disbursed prior to October 1, 1993, we receive 100 percent reimbursement.

The allowance for FFELP Loan losses uses historical experience of customer default behavior and a two year loss confirmation period to estimate the credit losses incurred in the loan portfolio at the reporting date. We apply the default rate projections, net of applicable Risk Sharing, to each category for the current period to perform our quantitative calculation. Once the quantitative calculation is performed, we review the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and determine if qualitative adjustments need to be considered.
Fair Value Measurement
The most significant assumptions used in fair value measurement, transfersmeasurements, including those related to credit and liquidity risk, are as follows:
1.
Derivatives - When determining the fair value of derivatives, we take into account counterparty credit risk for positions where we are exposed to the counterparty on a net basis by assessing exposure net of collateral held. The net exposure for each counterparty is adjusted based on market information available for that specific counterparty, including spreads from credit default swaps. Additionally, when the counterparty has exposure to us related to our derivatives, we fully collateralize the exposure, minimizing the adjustment necessary to the derivative valuations for our own credit risk. A major indicator of market inactivity is the widening of the bid/ask spread in these markets. In general, the widening of counterparty credit spreads and reduced liquidity for derivative instruments as indicated by wider bid/ask spreads will reduce the fair value of derivatives.
2.
Education Loans - Our Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans are accounted for at cost or at the lower of cost or fair value if the loan is held-for-sale. The fair values of our student loans are disclosed in Note 10, “Fair Value Measurements.” For both Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans accounted for at cost, fair value is determined by modeling loan level cash flows using stated terms of the assets and internally-developed assumptions to determine aggregate portfolio yield, net present value and average life. The significant assumptions used to project cash flows are prepayment speeds, default rates, cost of funds, the amount funded by deposits versus equity, and required return on equity. Significant inputs into the models are not generally market observable. They are either derived internally through a combination of historical experience and management’s qualitative expectation of future performance (in the case of prepayment speeds, default rates, and capital assumptions) or are obtained through external broker quotes (as in the case of cost of funds). When possible, market transactions are used to validate the model. In most cases, these are either infrequent or not observable. For FFELP Loans classified as held-for-sale and accounted for at the lower of cost or market, the fair value is based on the committed sales price of the various loan purchase programs established by the U.S. Department of Education (“ED”).
For further information regarding the effect of financial assets and the VIE consolidation model,our use of fair values on our results of operations, see Note 10, “Fair Value Measurements.”

67


Derivative Accounting
The most significant judgments related to derivative accounting are: (1) concluding the derivative is an effective hedge and goodwillqualifies for hedge accounting and intangible assets can(2) determining the fair value of certain derivatives and hedged items. To qualify for hedge accounting a derivative must be foundconcluded to be a highly effective hedge upon designation and on an ongoing basis. There are no “bright line” tests on what is considered a highly effective hedge. We use a historical regression analysis to prove ongoing and prospective hedge effectiveness. See the previous discussion in the section titled “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Fair Value Measurement” for significant judgments related to the valuation of derivatives. Although some of our 2012 Form 10-K. There were novaluations are more judgmental than others, we compare the fair values of our derivatives that we calculate to those provided by our counterparties on a monthly basis. We view this as a critical control which helps validate these judgments. Any significant changes to these critical accounting policies during the first nine months of 2013.

differences with our counterparties are identified and resolved appropriately.



68


Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis


Our interest rate risk management program seeks to limitmanage and control interest rate risk, thereby reducing our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and achieving consistent and acceptable levels of profit in any rate environment, and sustainable growth in net interest income over the long term. We evaluate and monitor interest rate risk through two primary methods:
Earnings at Risk (“EAR”) which measures the impact of short-term movementshypothetical changes in interest rates on net interest income;
Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”) which measures the sensitivity or change in the economic value of equity to changes in interest rates.
A number of potential interest rate scenarios are simulated using our resultsasset liability management system. The Bank is primary source of operationsinterest rate risk within the Company. The majority of the Bank’s assets are priced off of 1-month LIBOR. Therefore, 1-month LIBOR is considered the core rate in our interest rate risk analyses with other interest rate changes are correlated to this rate through a detailed statistical analysis. In addition, all rates have floors which indicate how low each specific rate is likely to go. Rates are adjusted up or down via a set of scenarios that includes both shocks and financial position. ramps. Shocks represent an immediate and sustained change in 1-month LIBOR plus the resulting changes in other indexes correlated accordingly. Ramps represent a linear increase in 1-month LIBOR over the course of 12 months plus the resulting changes in other indexes correlated accordingly.
The following tables summarize the potential effect on earnings over the next 1224 months and the potential effect on fair values of balance sheet assets and liabilities at SeptemberJune 30, 20132014 and December 31, 2012,2013, based upon a sensitivity analysis performed by management assuming a hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points and 300 basis points while funding spreads remain constant. Additionally,constant, as it relates to the effect on earnings,well as a sensitivity analysis was performed assuming the funding index increases 25hypothetical 100 basis points while holding the asset index constant, if the funding index is different than the asset index.point decrease in market interest rates. The earnings sensitivity is applied only to financial assets and liabilities, including hedging instruments that existed at the balance sheet date, and does not take into account new assets, liabilities or hedging instruments that may arise over the ensuing twelve months.

  As of September 30, 2013  As of September 30, 2012 
  Impact on Annual Earnings If:  Impact on Annual Earnings If: 
  Interest Rates  Funding Indices  Interest Rates  Funding Indices 

(Dollars in millions, except

per share amounts)

 Increase
100 Basis
Points
  Increase
300 Basis
Points
  Increase
25 Basis
Points(1)
  Increase
100 Basis
Points
  Increase
300 Basis
Points
  Increase
25 Basis
Points(1)
 

Effect on Earnings:

      

Change in pre-tax net income before unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities

 $(41 $5   $(244 $(27 $6   $(313

Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities

  273    446    1    548    952    (6
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Increase in net income before taxes

 $232   $451   $(243 $521   $958   $(319
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Increase in diluted earnings per common share

 $.52   $1.01   $(.55 $1.06   $1.96   $(.651
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

If an asset is not funded with the same index/frequency reset of the asset then it is assumed the funding index increases 25 basis points while holding the asset index constant.

   At September 30, 2013 
       Interest Rates: 
       Change from
Increase of
100 Basis
Points
  Change from
Increase of
300 Basis
Points
 

(Dollars in millions)

  Fair Value   $  %  $  % 

Effect on Fair Values:

       

Assets

       

FFELP Loans

  $105,809    $(510   $(1,047  (1)% 

Private Education Loans

   37,625                   

Other earning assets

   9,612             (1    

Other assets

   7,855     (340  (4  (604  (8)% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets gain/(loss)

  $160,901    $(850  (1)%  $(1,652  (1)% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities

       

Interest-bearing liabilities

  $148,690    $(804  (1)%  $(2,239  (2)% 

Other liabilities

   3,422     (28  (1  595    17  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities (gain)/loss

  $152,112    $(832  (1)%  $(1,644  (1)% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

   At December 31, 2012 
       Interest Rates: 
       Change from
Increase of
100 Basis
Points
  Change from
Increase of
300 Basis
Points
 

(Dollars in millions)

  Fair Value   $  %  $  % 

Effect on Fair Values:

       

Assets

       

FFELP Loans

  $125,042    $(738  (1)%  $(1,438  (1)% 

Private Education Loans

   36,081                   

Other earning assets

   9,994             (1    

Other assets

   8,721     (560  (6  (1,187  (14)% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets gain/(loss)

  $179,838    $(1,298  (1)%  $(2,626  (1)% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities

       

Interest-bearing liabilities

  $166,071    $(829   $(2,298  (1)% 

Other liabilities

   3,937     (422  (11  (274  (7
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities (gain)/loss

  $170,008    $(1,251  (1)%  $(2,572  (2)% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

in 2014.


 June 30, 2014 June 30, 2013
 
+300 Basis
Points
 
+100 Basis
Points
 
+300 Basis
Points
 
+100 Basis
Points
        
EAR - Shock13.1 % 4.2 % 10.5 % 3.4 %
EAR - Ramp8.2 % 2.4 % 7.0 % 2.3 %
EVE(3.2)% (3.3)% (2.4)% (0.9)%

A primary objective in our funding is to minimize our sensitivity to changing interest rates by generally funding our floating rate student loan portfolio with floating rate debt. However, due to the ability of some FFELP loansLoans to earn Floor Income, we can have a fixed versus floating mismatch in funding if the student loan earns at the fixed borrower rate and the funding remains floating. In addition, we can have a mismatch in the index (including the frequency of reset) of floating rate debt versus floating rate assets.

During the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, certain FFELP Loans were earning Floor Income and we locked in a portion of that Floor Income through the use of Floor Income contracts. The result of these hedging transactions was to convert a portion of the fixed rate nature of student loans to variable rate, and to fix the relative spread between the student loan asset rate and the variable rate liability.

In the preceding tables, under the scenario where interest rates increase 100 and 300 basis points, the change in pre-tax net interest income before the unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities is primarily due to the impact of (i) our unhedged loansFFELP Loans being in a fixed-rate mode due to Floor Income, while being funded with variable debt in low interest rate environments; and (ii) a portion of our variable assets being funded with fixed rate liabilities and equity. Item (i) will generally cause net interest income to decrease when interest rates increase from a low interest rate environment, whereas item (ii) will generally offset this decrease.

Under the scenario in the tables above labeled “Impact on Annual Earnings If: Funding Indices Increase 25 Basis Points,” the main driver

Although we believe that these measurements provide an estimate of the decrease in pre-tax income before unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities in both the September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 analyses is the result of one-month LIBOR-indexed FFELP Loans (loans formerly indexed to commercial paper) being funded with three-month LIBOR and other non-discrete indexed liabilities. See “Asset and Liability Funding Gap” of this Item 7A for a further discussion. Increasing the spread between indices will also impact the unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities as it relates to basis swaps that hedge the mismatch between the asset and funding indices.

In addition toour interest rate sensitivity, they do not account for potential changes in credit quality and size of our balance sheet. They also do not account for other business developments that could affect net income, or for management actions that could affect net income or that could be taken to change our risk addressed inprofile. Accordingly, we can give no assurance that actual results would not differ materially from the preceding tables, we are also exposed to risks related to foreign currency exchange rates. Foreign currency exchange risk is primarily the resultestimated outcomes of foreign currency denominated debt issued by us. When we issue foreign denominated corporate unsecured and securitization debt, our policy is to use cross currencysimulations. Further, such simulations do not represent our current view of expected future interest rate swaps to swap all foreign currency denominated debt payments (fixed and floating) to U.S. dollar LIBOR using a fixed exchange rate. In the tables above, there would be an immaterial impact on earnings if exchange rates were to decrease or increase, due to the terms of the hedging instrument and hedged items

matching. The balance sheet interest bearing liabilities would be affected by a change in exchange rates; however, the change would be materially offset by the cross currency interest rate swaps in other assets or other liabilities. In the current economic environment, volatility in the spread between spot and forward foreign exchange rates has resulted in material mark-to-market impacts to current-period earnings which have not been factored into the above analysis. The earnings impact is noncash, and at maturity of the instruments the cumulative mark-to-market impact will be zero.

movements.







69


Asset and Liability Funding Gap

The tables below present our assets and liabilities (funding) arranged by underlying indices as of SeptemberJune 30, 2013.2014. In the following GAAP presentation, the funding gap only includes derivatives that qualify as effective hedges (those derivatives which are reflected in net interest margin, as opposed to those reflected in the “gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net” line on the consolidated statements of income). The difference between the asset and the funding is the funding gap for the specified index. This represents our exposure to interest rate risk in the form of basis risk and repricing risk, which is the risk that the different indices may reset at different frequencies or may not move in the same direction or at the same magnitude.

Management analyzes interest rate risk and in doing so includes all derivatives that are economically hedging our debt whether they qualify as effective hedges or not (“Core Earnings” basis). Accordingly, we are also presenting the asset and liability funding gap on a “Core Earnings” basis in the table that follows the GAAP presentation.

GAAP-Basis

Index

(Dollars in billions)

  Frequency of
Variable
Resets
  Assets(1)   Funding(2)   Funding
Gap
 

3-month Treasury bill

  weekly  $5.6    $    $5.6  

Prime

  annual   0.6          0.6  

Prime

  quarterly   4.1          4.1  

Prime

  monthly   19.3          19.3  

Prime

  daily        0.1     (0.1

PLUS Index

  annual   0.4          0.4  

3-month LIBOR

  daily               

3-month LIBOR

  quarterly        87.6     (87.6

1-month LIBOR

  monthly   14.1     36.3     (22.2

1-month LIBOR daily

  daily   99.9          99.9  

CMT/CPI Index

  monthly/quarterly        1.3     (1.3

Non-Discrete reset(3)

  monthly        14.3     (14.3

Non-Discrete reset(4)

  daily/weekly   9.6     4.9     4.7  

Fixed Rate(5)

     8.0     17.1     (9.1
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    $161.6    $161.6    $  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Dollars in billions)
Index
 
Frequency of
Variable
Resets
 Assets 
Funding (1) 
 
Funding
Gap
3-month Treasury bill weekly $0.4
 $
 $0.4
1-month LIBOR daily 0.9
 
 0.9
1-month LIBOR weekly 
 0.5
 (0.5)
1-month LIBOR monthly 6.4
 3.3
 3.1
Non-Discrete reset(2)
 daily/weekly 1.7
 2.8
 (1.1)
Fixed Rate(3)
   2.0
 2.3
 (0.3)
Total   $11.4
 $8.9
 $2.5
         
(1)

FFELP Loans of $46.9 billion ($42.5 billion LIBOR index and $4.4 billion Treasury bill index) are currently earning a fixed rate of interest as a result of the low interest rate environment.

(2)

Funding (by index) includes all derivatives that qualify as hedges.

(3)(2)

Funding consists of auction rate securities and FFELP Loan-other facilities.

(4)

Assets include restricted and unrestricted cash equivalents and other overnight type instruments. Funding includes liquid retail and other deposits and the obligation to return cash collateral held related to derivatives exposures.

(5)(3)

Assets include receivables and other assets (including goodwillpremiums and acquired intangibles)reserves). Funding includes other liabilities and stockholders’ equity (excluding series B Preferred Stock).

unswapped time deposits.

The “Funding Gaps”"Funding Gap" in the above table are primarily interest rate mismatches in short-term indices between our assets and liabilities.the reset frequency of the 1-month LIBOR index. We address this issue typically throughconsider the use of basis swaps that typically convert quarterlyrisk to be minimal since they are all indexed to the same rate as the reset three-month LIBOR to other indices that are more correlated to our asset indices. These basis swaps do not qualify as effective hedges and as a result the effect on the funding indexfrequency is not included in our interest margin and is therefore excluded from the GAAP presentation.

“Core Earnings” Basis

Index

(Dollars in billions)

  Frequency of
Variable
Resets
  Assets(1)   Funding(2)   Funding
Gap
 

3-month Treasury bill

  weekly  $5.6    $    $5.6  

Prime

  annual   0.6          0.6  

Prime

  quarterly   4.1          4.1  

Prime

  monthly   19.3     2.5     16.8  

Prime

  daily        0.1     (0.1

PLUS Index

  annual   0.4          0.4  

3-month LIBOR

  daily               

3-month LIBOR

  quarterly        71.6     (71.6

1-month LIBOR

  monthly   14.1     48.4     (34.3

1-month LIBOR

  daily   99.9     5.0     94.9  

Non-Discrete reset(3)

  monthly        14.3     (14.3

Non-Discrete reset(4)

  daily/weekly   9.6     4.9     4.7  

Fixed Rate(5)

     5.7     12.5     (6.8
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    $159.3    $159.3    $  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

FFELP Loans of $15.2 billion ($13.9 billion LIBOR index and $1.3 billion Treasury bill index) are currently earning a fixed rate of interest as a result of the low interest rate environment.

(2)

Funding (by index) includes all derivatives that management considers economic hedges of interest rate risk and reflects how we internally manage our interest rate exposure.

(3)

Funding consists of auction rate securities and FFELP Loan-other facilities.

(4)

Assets include restricted and unrestricted cash equivalents and other overnight type instruments. Funding includes retail and other deposits and the obligation to return cash collateral held related to derivatives exposures.

(5)

Assets include receivables and other assets (including goodwill and acquired intangibles). Funding includes other liabilities and stockholders’ equity (excluding series B Preferred Stock).

materially different.

We use interest rate swaps and other derivatives to achieve our risk management objectives. Our asset liability management strategy is to match assets with debt (in combination with derivatives) that have the same underlying index and reset frequency or, when economical, have interest rate characteristics that we believe are highly correlated. The use of funding with index types and reset frequencies that are different from our assets exposes us to interest rate risk in the form of basis and repricing risk. This could result in our cost of funds not moving in the same direction or with the same magnitude as the yield on our assets. While we believe this risk is low, as all of these indices are short-term with rate movements that are highly correlated over a long period of time, market disruptions (which have occurred in recent years) can lead to a temporary divergence between indices resulting in a negative impact to our earnings.

Weighted Average Life


The following table reflects the weighted average life of our earning assets and liabilities at SeptemberJune 30, 2013.

2014.

Weighted
Average
(Averages in Years)

Life
Weighted Average
Life
Earning assets
 

EarningStudent loans

6.7
Cash and investments0.6
Total earning assets

5.7
 
Deposits
Short-term deposits0.1
Long-term deposits2.4
Total deposits0.8

70


Student loans

7.5

Other loans

7.2

Cash and investments

.1

Total earning assets

7.1

Borrowings

Short-term borrowings

.3

Long-term borrowings

6.4

Total borrowings

5.8

Item 4.Controls and Procedures


Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief principal executive officer and principal financial officers,officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of SeptemberJune 30, 2013.2014. Based on this evaluation, our chief principal executive officer and principal financial officersofficer concluded that, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2013,2014, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (b) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief principal executive officer and principal financial officersofficer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change

Before the Spin-Off, the Company relied on the controls and resources of pre-Spin-Off SLM for internal control over financial reporting. In conjunction with the Spin-Off, several areas of internal control over financial reporting have changed. We have implemented our own financial, administrative, and other support systems as well as new corporate oversight functions, primarily through the retention of pre-Spin-Off SLM personnel, policies and procedures within the Company and giving consideration to the significantly smaller size of the Company post-Spin-Off.
Other than those noted above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 20132014 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.



71


PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item  1.Legal Proceedings

At the time of this filing, the Bank remains subject to a cease and desist order originally issued in August 2008 by the FDIC and the UDFI. In July 2013, the FDIC notified the Bank that it plans to replace the existing cease and desist order with a new formal enforcement action that will more specifically address certain cited violations of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, including with respect to the SCRA, and the ECOA and its implementing regulation, Regulation B, which will likely include civil money penalties and restitution. The Bank has been notified by the UDFI that it does not intend to join the FDIC in issuing the new enforcement action.

With respect to the alleged civil violations of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act relating to the SCRA, we are also in discussions with the DOJ, as the agency having primary authority for enforcement of SCRA matters, regarding settlement, remediation and a comprehensive restitution plan. In September 2013, we also received a Civil Investigative Demand from the CFPB as part of its separate investigation regarding allegations relating to our existing payment allocation practices and procedures, the same as those previously raised by the FDIC.

We have made and continue to make changes to the Bank’s oversight of significant activities performed outside the Bank by Company affiliates and to our business practices in order to comply with all applicable laws and regulations and the terms of any cease and desist orders, including in connection with our pursuit of a strategic plan to separate our existing organization into two publicly traded companies. We are cooperating fully with the FDIC, DOJ and CFPB in response to their investigations and requests for information and are in active discussions with each with respect to any potential actions to be taken against us. We could be required to, or otherwise determine to, make further changes to the business practices and products of the Bank and our other affiliates to respond to regulatory concerns. At the time of the filing, it is not possible to estimate a range of potential exposure, if any, to amounts that may be payable or costs that must be incurred to comply with the terms of any order.


Legal Proceedings

We and our subsidiaries and affiliates are subject to various claims, lawsuits and other actions that arise in the normal course of business. Most of these matters are claims by borrowers disputing the manner in which their loans have been processed or the accuracy of our reports to credit bureaus. In addition, our collections subsidiaries are routinely named in individual plaintiff or class action lawsuits in which the plaintiffs allege that those subsidiaries have violated a federal or state law in the process of collecting their accounts. We believe that these claims, lawsuits and other actions will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Finally, from time to time, we andIn the ordinary course of business, it is common for the Company, our subsidiaries and affiliates to receive information and document requests and investigative demands from state attorneys general, legislative committees and administrative agencies concerning certainagencies. These requests may be for informational or regulatory purposes and may relate to our business practices.practices, the industries in which we operate, or other companies with whom we conduct business. Our practice has been and continues to be to cooperate with these bodies and to be responsive to any such requests.

For a description of these items and other litigation to which we are a party, see our 2012 Form 10-K and subsequent filings with the SEC.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

Readers should carefully consider the following risk factors, in addition to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our 2012 Form 10-K.

Our businesses are regulated by various state and federal laws and regulations, and our failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in significant costs, sanctions, litigation or the loss of insurance and guarantees on affected FFELP Loans.

The Bank is subject to state and FDIC regulation, oversight and regular examination, including by the CFPB. The FDIC and state regulators have the authority to impose fines, penalties or other limitations on the Bank’s operations should they conclude that its operations are not compliant with applicable laws and regulations. At the time of this filing, the Bank is subject to a 2008 cease and desist order issued jointly by the FDIC and the UDFI for weaknesses in its compliance function. Many of these weaknesses have previously been attributed to the Bank’s oversight of significant activities performed outside the Bank by Company affiliates.

Regulatory Update
At the time of this filing, the Bank remains subject tothe 2014 FDIC Order. The 2014 FDIC Order replaces a prior cease and desist order originallyjointly issued in August 2008 by the FDIC and the UDFI. InUDFI which was terminated on July 2013,15, 2014.  Specifically, on May 13, 2014, the Bank reached settlements with the FDIC notifiedand the Department of Justice regarding disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, as well as compliance with the SCRA.  Under the FDIC’s 2014 Order, the Bank that it plansagreed to replacepay $3.3 million in fines and oversee the existing cease and desist order with a new formal enforcement action that will more specifically address certain cited violationsrefund of Section 5up to $30 million in late fees assessed on loans owned or originated by the Bank since its inception in November 2005.

Under the terms of the Federal Trade Commission Act, includingSeparation and Distribution Agreement, Navient is responsible for funding all liabilities under the regulatory orders, other than fines directly levied against the Bank in connection with respect tothese matters. Under the Department of Justice order, Navient is solely responsible for reimbursing SCRA benefits and related compensation on behalf of both its subsidiary, Navient Solutions, Inc., and the ECOABank.

As required by the 2014 FDIC Order and the Department of Justice order, the Bank is implementing new SCRA policies, procedures and training, has updated billing statement disclosures, and is taking additional steps to ensure its implementing regulation, Regulation B, which will likely include civil money penalties and restitution.third-party service providers are also fully compliant in these regards. The 2014 FDIC Order also requires the Bank to have its current compliance with consumer protection regulations audited by independent qualified audit personnel. The Bank has been notified byis focused on achieving timely and comprehensive remediation of each item contained in the UDFI that it does not intendorders and on further enhancing its policies and practices to joinpromote responsible financial practices, customer experience and compliance.

In May 2014, the FDIC in issuing the new enforcement action.

With respect to the alleged civil violations of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act relating to the SCRA, we are also in discussions with the DOJ, as the agency having primary authority for enforcement of SCRA matters, regarding settlement, remediation and a comprehensive restitution plan. In September 2013, we alsoBank received a Civil Investigative Demand from the CFPB in the Bank’s capacity as a former affiliate of Navient as part of itsthe CFPB’s separate investigation regarding allegations relating to our existing payment allocation practicesfees and procedures,policies of pre-Spin-Off SLM during the same as those previously raised by the FDIC.

We have made and continue to make changesperiod prior to the Bank’s oversightSpin-Off of significant activities performed outside the Bank by Company affiliates and to our business practices in order to comply with all applicable laws and regulations and the terms of any cease and desist orders, including in connection with our pursuit of a strategic plan to separate our existing organization into two publicly traded companies.Navient. We are cooperating fully with the FDIC, DOJCFPB but are not in a position at this time to predict the duration or outcome of the investigation. Given the timeframe covered by this demand, Navient would be responsible for all costs, expenses, losses or remediation likely to arise from this investigation.


72



Item 1A.Risk Factors
Our business activities involve a variety of risks. Below we describe the significant risk factors affecting our business. The implications of the recently completed Spin-Off, the ongoing transition of our business and CFPBrelated operational platforms after the Spin-Off, as well as our ongoing involvement with, and reliance on, Navient will add to these risks in responsethe near term. These risk factors should be considered in connection with evaluating the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q because these factors could cause our actual results or financial condition to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements.
Economic Environment
Economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
Our business is always influenced by economic conditions. Economic growth in the United States remains slow and uneven. Our earnings are dependent on the expected future creditworthiness of our student loan customers and their investigationsco-borrowers. High unemployment rates and requeststhe failure of our in-school borrowers to graduate are two of the most significant macroeconomic factors that could increase loan delinquencies, defaults and forbearance, or otherwise negatively affect performance of our existing education loan portfolios. Since 2009, the unemployment rate has been higher than historical norms. In 2008, the unemployment rate was 5.8 percent; it reached a high of 9.6 percent in 2010 and declined to 7.4 percent in 2013. Forbearance program provides temporary relief for informationborrowers experiencing difficulty in making payments but may also have the effect of delaying the recognition of potential defaults. Higher credit-related losses and are in active discussions with each with respectweaker credit quality could also negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and limit funding options, which could also adversely impact our liquidity position. If the type and amount of federal funds available to any potential actions to be taken against us. Wepay for a college education or refinance existing education loans increases, the volume of our new loan originations and the repayment rates of our existing loans could be requiredmaterially and adversely effected.
Regulatory
We operate in a highly regulated environment and the laws and regulations that govern our operations, or changes in them, or our failure to comply with them, may adversely affect us.
We are subject to extensive regulation and supervision that govern almost all aspects of our operations. Intended to protect clients, depositors, the Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”), and the overall financial system, these laws and regulations, among other matters, prescribe minimum capital requirements, impose limitations on the business activities in which we can engage, limit the dividend or otherwise determinedistributions that the Bank can pay to us, restrict the ability of institutions to guarantee our debt, limit proprietary trading and investments in certain private funds, impose certain specific accounting requirements on us that may be more restrictive and may result in greater or earlier charges to earnings or reductions in our capital than generally accepted accounting principles, among other things. Compliance with laws and regulations can be difficult and costly, and changes to laws and regulations, as well as increased intensity in supervision, often impose additional compliance costs. We, like the rest of the banking sector, are facing increased regulation and supervision of our industry by the federal bank regulatory agencies and expect that there will be additional and changing requirements and conditions imposed on us. Once the Bank has four consecutive quarters with total assets of at least $10 billion, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) will become its primary consumer compliance supervisor, with exclusive examination authority and primary enforcement authority. CFPB jurisdiction could result in additional regulation and supervision, which could increase our costs and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities. Consent orders, decrees or settlements entered into with governmental agencies may also increase our compliance costs or restrict certain of our activities. The Bank is subject to a Consent Order, Order to Pay Restitution and Order to Pay Civil Money Penalty issued by the FDIC.  Specifically, on May 13, 2014, the Bank reached settlements with the FDIC and the Department of Justice regarding disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, as well as compliance with the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”). Further, our failure to comply with these laws and regulations, even if the failure is inadvertent or reflects a difference in interpretation, could subject us to restrictions on our business activities, fines and other penalties, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, capital base and the price of our securities. Finally, we operate in a politically charged environment for student loan lending and originations, which could lead to further laws and regulations limiting our business.

73



Funding, Liquidity, and Capital
Our business is heavily reliant on our ability to obtain deposits and dispose of portions of the loans we originate.
If we are unable to obtain funds from which to make further changes to the business practices and productsnew Private Education Loans or sell sufficient portions of the Bankloans we produce, our business, financial condition and our other affiliates to respond to regulatory concerns. Such changes toresults of operations would be materially adversely affected.
We fund Private Education Loan originations through term and liquid brokered and retail deposits raised by the business practices and productsBank. Assets funded in this manner result in refinancing risk because the average term of the Bankdeposits is shorter than the expected term of the education loan assets we create. Also, our ability to maintain our current level of deposits or grow our deposit base could be affected by regulatory restrictions, including the possible imposition of prior approval requirements or restrictions on deposit growth through brokered deposits. As a supervisory matter, reliance on brokered deposits as a significant source of funding is discouraged. As a result, in order to grow our deposit base, we will need to expand our non-brokered channels for deposit generation, including through new marketing and advertising efforts, which may require significant time, capital, and effort to implement. Further, we are likely to face significant competition for deposits from other affiliatesbanking organizations that are also seeking stable deposits to support their funding needs. If we are unable to develop new channels of deposit origination, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results in responseoperations, and financial position.
We cannot increase the rate of growth on Private Education Loan originations and remain within FDIC-stipulated growth rates unless we can sell significant amounts of our loan production in secondary capital markets transactions. There is no assurance that secondary buyers of our loan production will be available at sufficient levels or costs that make the origination of new Private Education Loans possible or profitable.
The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.
Our ability to currentengage in routine transactions including with our derivative counterparties could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions or future regulatory concernsmarket utilities. Defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial institutions or market utilities, or the financial services industry generally, may lead to market-wide liquidity problems and enforcement,a lack of confidence in financial institutions and could lead to losses or defaults by us or by other financial institutions.

The interest rate characteristics of our earning assets do not always match the interest rate characteristics of our funding arrangements, which may increase the price of, or decrease our ability to obtain, necessary liquidity.
Net interest income is the primary source of cash flow generated by our portfolios of Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans. Interest earned on Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans is primarily indexed to one-month LIBOR rates. In a rising interest rate environment, this difference in timing may compress the net interest margin on Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans.
The different interest rate characteristics of our loan portfolio and liabilities funding these loans also result in basis risk and re-pricing risk. It is not possible to hedge all of our exposure to such risks. While the asset and hedge indices are short-term with rate movements that are typically highly correlated, there can be no assurance that the historically high correlation will not be disrupted by capital market dislocations or other action by the above referencedfactors not within our control. In these circumstances, our earnings could be materially adversely affected.
Adverse market conditions or other regulators,an inability to effectively manage our liquidity risk could negatively impact our ability to meet our liquidity and funding needs, which may include civil money penalties and require restitution to customers, could materially and adversely impact our business operations and our overall financial condition and results of operations.

The proposed separation of our current business into two, separate, publicly traded entities is contingent uponcondition.

We must effectively manage the satisfaction of a number of conditions,liquidity risk to which may not be consummated on the terms or timeline currently contemplated or may not achieve the intended results. Though we are unawareexposed. We require liquidity to meet cash requirements such as day-to-day operating expenses, extensions of any applicable requirement that the FDIC, UDFI or CFPB approvecredit on our Private Education Loans, meet demand for deposit withdrawals and payment of the proposed separation, we can give no assurances that they or other consumer or financial regulators will not affect the timing, manner or termsrequired dividends on our preferred stock. Our primary sources of the separation.

Weliquidity and funding are currently pursuing a strategic plan to separate our existing organization into two publicly traded companies, an education loan management companyfrom customer deposits, payments made on Private Education Loans and a consumer banking company. It is expected the separation, if completed, will occur in the first half of 2014. Our ability to timely effect the separation is subject

to several conditions, including, among others, the receipt of a favorable private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service and the SEC declaring effective a registration statement relating to the securities of the separated entity. We cannot assureFFELP Loans that we will be able to complete the separation in a timely fashion, if at all. For thesehold, and other reasons, the separationproceeds from loan sales we undertake. We may not be completed on the terms or timeline contemplated. Further, if the separation is completed, it may not achieve the intended results. Any such difficulties could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

The Bank is subject to state and FDIC regulation, oversight and regular examination and it remains subject to a cease and desist order originally issued in 2008 citing weaknesses in its compliance function. Many of these weaknesses have previously been attributed to the Bank’s oversight of significant activities performed outside the Bank by Company affiliates-a condition that we are seeking, in part, to eliminate through the separation of our current business into two companies. Theremaintain too much liquidity, which can be no assurance the FDIC, UDFI and CFPB will approve of our efforts to operationalize the Bank and minimize the number of activities performed by Company affiliatescostly, or acknowledge these efforts under the existing cease and desist order. Our failure to comply with various laws and regulations or with the terms of the cease and desist order, or any assertion of any such failure that is raised by any regulatorwe may be too illiquid, which could result in litigation expenses, restitution, fines, business sanctions,financial distress during times of financial stress or capital market disruptions.

Unexpected and limitationssharp changes in the overall economic environment may negatively impact the performance of our loan and credit portfolios and cause increases in our provision for loan losses and charge-offs.
Unexpected changes in the overall economic environment, including unemployment, may result in the credit performance of our loan portfolio being materially different from what we expect. Our earnings are dependent on the expected future creditworthiness of our abilityeducation loan customers, especially with respect to fundour Private Education Loans,Loan portfolio. We maintain an allowance for credit losses based on expected future charge-offs expected over primarily the next year, which are currently funded by deposits raised by the Bank, or restrictions on the operationsconsiders

74


many factors, including levels of past due loans and forbearances and expected economic conditions. However, management’s determination of the Bank. Furthermore,appropriate allowance level may under- or over-estimate future losses. If the FDIC, UDFI or CFPB could require us to undertake significant changes to the manner in which we currently provide services to the Bank through our affiliates. If we are unable to demonstrate to the FDIC, UDFI and CFPB the benefits of the design and execution of the proposed separation, these changes could come at significant cost and impede or delay our ability to complete the separationcredit quality of our business in the timecustomer base materially decreases, if a market risk changes significantly, or manner we currently estimate. The imposition of fines, penalties or other limitations on the Bank’s business orif our ability to complete the separation could materially and adversely impactreserves for credit losses are not adequate, our business, financial condition and results of operations.

operations could suffer.

Our use of derivatives to manage interest rate sensitivity exposes us to credit ratings are importantand market risk that could have a material adverse effect on our earnings.
We maintain an overall interest rate strategy that uses derivatives to minimize the economic effect of interest rate changes. Developing an effective strategy for dealing with movements in interest rates is complex, and no strategy can completely avoid the risks associated with these fluctuations. For example, our liquidity. A reductioneducation loan portfolio remains subject to prepayment risk that could result in its being under- or over-hedged, which could result in material losses. In addition, our credit ratings could adversely affect our liquidity, increase our borrowing costs, limit our accessinterest rate risk management activities expose us to mark-to-market losses if interest rates move in a materially different way than was expected when we entered into the markets or trigger obligations under certain provisions in collateralized agreements.

related derivative contracts. As a result, of the proposed separation, the rating agencies have taken certain negative ratings actions with regard to the Company, including, in one instance, the lowering of the Company’s senior unsecured long-term credit rating to below investment grade level with negative implications and with respect to certain other rating agencies, placing the senior unsecured long-term credit ratings on negative watch. The Company’s senior unsecured long-term credit rating had already been rated below investment grade level by one agency. Therethere can be no assurance that hedging activities using derivatives will effectively manage our interest rate sensitivity, have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial condition or not adversely impact our liquidity and earnings.

Our use of derivatives also exposes us to market risk and credit risk. Market risk is the chance of financial loss resulting from changes in interest rates and market liquidity. Some of the swaps we use to manage earnings variability caused by having different reset characteristics on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Therefore, the change in fair value, called the “mark-to-market,” of these derivative instruments is included in our statement of income. A decline in the fair value of these derivatives could have a material adverse effect on our reported earnings.
We are also subject to the creditworthiness of other third parties, including counterparties to derivative transactions. For example, we have exposure to the financial conditions of various lending, investment and derivative counterparties. If a counterparty fails to perform its obligations, we could, depending on the type of counterparty arrangement, experience a loss of liquidity or an economic loss. In addition, we might not be able to cost effectively replace the derivative position depending on the type of derivative and the current economic environment, and thus be exposed to a greater level of interest rate and/or foreign currency exchange rate risk which could lead to additional losses. Our counterparty exposure is more fully discussed in Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Counterparty Exposure.” If our counterparties are unable to perform their obligations, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer.
Defaults on education loans, particularly Private Education Loans, could adversely affect our earnings, financial condition, and liquidity.
We bear the full credit exposure on Private Education Loans. Delinquencies are an important indicator of the potential future credit performance for Private Education Loans. Our delinquencies, as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, were 0.7 percent at June 30, 2014.
The evaluation of our allowance for loan losses is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be subject to significant changes. As of June 30, 2014, our allowance for Private Education Loan losses was approximately $54 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2014, we recognized provisions for Private Education Loan losses of $39 million. The provision for loan losses reflects the activity for the applicable period and provides an allowance at a level that management believes is appropriate to cover probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. However, future defaults can be higher than anticipated due to a variety of factors outside of our control, such as downturns in the economy, regulatory or operational changes and other unforeseen future trends. Losses on Private Education Loans are also determined by risk characteristics such as school type, loan status (in-school, grace, forbearance, repayment and delinquency), loan seasoning (number of months in active repayment), underwriting criteria (e.g., credit scores), a cosigner and the current economic environment. General economic and employment conditions, including employment rates for recent college graduates during the recent recession, led to higher rates of education loan defaults. If actual loan performance is worse than currently estimated, it could materially affect our estimate of the allowance for loan losses and the related provision for loan losses in our statements of income and, as a result, adversely affect our results of operations.
Additionally, pre-Spin-Off SLM’s Private Education Loan default aversion strategies were focused on the final stages of delinquency, from 150 days to 212 days. As a result of changing our corporate charge-off policy to charging off at 120 days delinquent and greatly reducing the number of potentially delinquent loans we sell to Navient, our default aversion strategies must now focus more on loans 60 to 120 days delinquent. We have little experience in executing our default aversion strategies on such compressed collection timeframes.  If we are unable to maintain or improve on our existing default aversion levels during these shortened collection timeframes default rates on our Private Education Loans could increase.

75


FFELP Loans are insured or guaranteed by state or not-for-profit agencies and are also protected by contractual rights to recovery from the United States pursuant to guaranty agreements among ED and these agencies. These guarantees generally cover at least 97 percent of a FFELP Loan’s principal and accrued interest for loans disbursed and, in limited circumstances, 100 percent of the loan’s principal and accrued interest. Nevertheless, we are exposed to credit risk on the non-guaranteed portion of the FFELP Loans in our portfolio and to the possible loss of the insurance or guarantee due to a failure of our servicer to comply with the Higher Education Act and related regulations.

The revised capital requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital rules impose heightened capital standards which may adversely affect us, our business, results of operations and financial position.
In July 2013, the federal banking regulators issued the U.S. Basel III final rule. The final rule implements the Basel III capital framework in the United States and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, including the Collins Amendment. The U.S. Basel III final rule will apply to the Bank beginning on January 1, 2015. Consistent with the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s Basel III capital framework, the U.S. Basel III final rule includes a new minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5 percent and a Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer of greater than 2.5 percent of risk-weighted assets that will apply to all U.S. banking organizations, including the Bank. Failure to maintain the capital conservation buffer will result in increasingly stringent restrictions on a banking organization’s ability to make dividend payments and other capital distributions and pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers. The capital conservation buffer and certain other aspects of the U.S. Basel III final rule will be phased in over several years. The final rule also increases the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4 percent to 6 percent, while maintaining the current minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 8 percent. Effective January 1, 2015, the final rule revises the capital categories, including the well-capitalized category, in the prompt corrective action framework applicable to insured depository institutions such as the Bank to reflect the higher Basel III capital ratios. If the Bank fails to satisfy regulatory capital or leverage capital requirements, it may be subject to serious regulatory sanctions which could also have an impact on us. If any of these sanctions were to occur, they could prevent us from successfully executing our business plan and may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial position.
Operations
A failure of our operating systems or infrastructure could disrupt our business, cause significant losses, result in regulatory action or damage our reputation.
A failure of operating systems or infrastructure could disrupt our business. Our business is dependent on our ability to process and monitor large numbers of daily transactions in compliance with legal and regulatory standards and our product specifications, which change to reflect our business needs and new or revised regulatory requirements. As processing demands change and our loan portfolios grow in both volume and differing terms and conditions, developing and maintaining our operating systems and infrastructure becomes increasingly challenging. There is no assurance that we can adequately or efficiently develop, maintain or acquire access to such systems and infrastructure.
Our loan originations and conversions and the servicing, financial, accounting, data processing or other operating systems and facilities that support them may fail to operate properly or become disabled as a result of events that are beyond our control, adversely affecting our ability to process these transactions. Any such failure could adversely affect our ability to service our clients, result in financial loss or liability to our clients, disrupt our business, result in regulatory action or cause reputational damage. Despite the plans and facilities we have in place, our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our businesses. This may include a disruption involving electrical, communications, Internet, transportation or other services used by us or third parties with which we conduct business. Notwithstanding our efforts to maintain business continuity, a disruptive event impacting our processing locations could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on secure information technology, and a breach of those systems could result in significant losses, disclosure of confidential customer information and reputational damage, which would adversely affect our business.
Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of personal, confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks. Although we take protective measures, our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses, malicious attacks and other events that could have a security impact beyond our control. Our technologies, systems, networks and those of third parties may become the target of cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of our or our customers’ confidential, proprietary and other information, or otherwise disrupt our or our customers’ or other third parties’ business operations. Moreover, information security risks for large financial institutions have generally increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists, activists, and other external parties.

76


If one or more of such events occur, personal, confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems and networks, could be jeopardized or could cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations that could result in significant losses or reputational damage. We also routinely transmit and receive personal, confidential and proprietary information, some through third parties. We have put in place secure transmission capability, and work to ensure third parties follow similar procedures. An interception, misuse or mishandling of personal, confidential or proprietary information being sent to or received from a customer or third party could result in legal liability, regulatory action and reputational harm. In the event personal, confidential or other information is jeopardized, intercepted, misused or mishandled, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we may be subject to fines, penalties, litigation costs and settlements and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any insurance maintained by us. If one or more of such events occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected.
We depend on third parties for a wide array of services, systems and information technology applications, and a breach or violation of law by one of these third parties could disrupt our business or provide our competitors with an opportunity to enhance their position at our expense.
We increasingly depend on third parties for a wide array of services, systems and information technology applications. Third-party vendors are significantly involved in aspects of our software and systems development, the timely transmission of information across our data communication network, and for other telecommunications, processing, remittance and technology-related services in connection with our banking and payment services businesses. If a service provider fails to provide the services we require or expect, or fails to meet applicable contractual or regulatory requirements, such as service levels or compliance with applicable laws, the failure could negatively impact our business by adversely affecting our ability to process customers’ transactions in a timely and accurate manner, otherwise hampering our ability to serve our customers, or subjecting us to litigation and regulatory risk for matters as diverse as poor vendor oversight or improper release or protection of personal information. Such a failure could adversely affect the perception of the reliability of our networks and services, and the quality of our brands, and could materially adversely affect our revenues and/or our results of operations.
Incorrect estimates and assumptions by management in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements could adversely affect the reported assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make critical accounting estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses during the reporting periods. Incorrect estimates and assumptions by management in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements could adversely affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of income and expenses. A description of our critical accounting estimates and assumptions may be found in Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and in Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q. If we make incorrect assumptions or estimates, we may under- or overstate reported financial results, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

77


Risks Related to the Spin-Off

The actions required to implement the complete separation of our pre-Spin-Off businesses into two, distinct, publicly-traded entities have and will continue to take significant management time and attention and could disrupt operations.
The complete separation of the pre-Spin-Off organization into two publicly-traded companies will require significant ongoing execution and administration at all levels of the internal organization. A team of employees is charged with implementing the Spin-Off, reporting frequently to management on status and progress of the project. For the foreseeable future, high-level employees and management will continue to dedicate a significant amount of time to the implementation of the Spin-Off to ensure that it is carried out timely and appropriately. The time and attention that high-level employees and management dedicate to the implementation of the Spin-Off could limit the time and attention spent on managing the business which could disrupt current and future operations.

We will incur significant costs in connection with being a stand-alone company and lose the advantage of our larger size and purchasing power that existed prior to the Spin-Off.
We will incur significant costs in connection with the transition to being a stand-alone public company and implementing the Spin-Off, including costs to separate information systems, accounting, tax, legal and other professional services costs and recruiting and relocation costs associated with hiring key senior management personnel new to us. In addition, the businesses that we operate have historically taken advantage of our larger size and purchasing power prior to the Spin-Off in procuring goods and services. After the Spin-Off, we are no longer able to rely on this purchasing power and, as a result, we may not be able to obtain goods and services from third-party service providers and vendors at prices or on terms as favorable as those we obtained prior to the Spin-Off. Furthermore, prior to the Spin-Off, our businesses have obtained services from, or engaged in transactions with, our affiliates under intercompany agreements. Navient and its affiliates will provide services to us and our affiliates following the Spin-Off under a transition services agreement for a transition period and potentially thereafter. The fees charged by Navient and its affiliates for the provision of these services to us and our affiliates may be higher than those charged prior to the Spin-Off. All of these factors will result in costs that are higher than the amounts reflected in historical financial statements which could cause our profitability to decrease.
We continue to have significant exposures to risks related to Navient’s loan servicing operations and its creditworthiness. If we are unable to obtain services, complete the transition of our origination and loan servicing operations as planned, or obtain indemnification payments from Navient, we could experience higher than expected costs and operating expenses and our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
At the time of this filing, our loan origination and servicing capabilities continue to be provided by Navient pursuant to a transition services agreement. Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement and transition services agreement, Navient will also continue to bear significant responsibility for its servicing activities undertaken for the Bank during this transition period. We are continuing to work with Navient to complete an orderly and staged transition to our own separate, stand-alone loan origination and servicing platforms. Any unexpected delays or additional costs or expenses to complete this transition or to provide the servicing activities conducted by Navient on our behalf, whether or not due to Navient’s actions, could significantly affect our operating expenses and earnings.
Navient has also agreed to be responsible, and indemnify us, for all claims, actions, damages, losses or expenses that may arise from the conduct of all activities of pre-Spin-Off SLM occurring prior to the Spin-Off other than those specifically excluded in the Separation and Distribution Agreement. Some significant examples of the types of indemnification obligations Navient has include:

Pursuant to a tax sharing agreement, Navient has agreed to indemnify us for $283 million in deferred taxes that the Company will be legally responsible for but that relate to gains recognized by the Company’s predecessor on debt repurchases made prior to the Spin-Off.

Navient has responsibility to assume new or ongoing litigation matters relating to the conduct of most pre-Spin-Off SLM businesses operated or conducted prior to the Spin-Off.

Under the terms of the Separation and Distribution Agreement, Navient is responsible for funding all liabilities under the recently agreed regulatory orders with the FDIC and the Department of Justice, other than fines directly levied against the Bank in connection with these matters. Under the Department of Justice order, Navient is solely responsible for reimbursing SCRA benefits and related compensation on behalf of both its subsidiary, Navient Solutions, Inc., and the Bank.

78


The Separation and Distribution Agreement provides specific processes and procedures pursuant to which we may submit claims for indemnification to Navient and, to date, Navient has acknowledged and accepted all claims. Nonetheless, if for any reason Navient is unable or unwilling to pay claims made against it, our costs, operating expenses and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected over time.
We may not achieve some or all of the expected benefits of the Spin-Off, and the Spin-Off may adversely affect our business.
We may not be able to achieve the full strategic and financial benefits expected to result from the Spin-Off, or such benefits may be delayed or not occur at all. The Spin-Off is expected to provide the following benefits, among others: (i) a distinct investment identity allowing investors to evaluate the merits, performance, and future prospects of the Company separately from Navient; (ii) cash flows significantly in excess of preferred stock dividend and debt service obligations; (iii) more efficient allocation of capital for the Company and Navient; (iv) reducing the likelihood the Company is designated a systemically important financial institution; and (v) a separate equity structure that allows direct access by the Company to the capital markets and the use of our equity for acquisitions and equity compensation.
We may not be able to realize these and other anticipated benefits for a variety of reasons, including, among others: (a) the Spin-Off will continue to require significant amounts of management’s time and effort for the foreseeable future, which may divert management’s attention from operating our business; (b) following the Spin-Off, the Company may be more susceptible to market fluctuations and other adverse events than if it were still part of the larger SLM Corporation that existed prior to the Spin-Off; (c) since the Spin-Off, our business is less diversified than our business prior to the Spin-Off; and (d) other actions required to separate our business from Navient could disrupt our operations. If we fail to achieve some or all of the benefits expected to result from the Spin-Off, or if such benefits are delayed, the business, financial condition and results of our operations of could be adversely affected and the value of its stock could be impacted.
Our common and preferred stock prices may fluctuate significantly.
The market price of shares of our common stock may fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including:
Actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results
Our smaller market capitalization as compared to pre-Spin-Off SLM
Changes in earnings estimated by securities analysts or our ability to meet those estimates
Our policy of paying no common stock dividends
The operating and stock price performance of comparable companies
Changes to the regulatory and legal environment under which we and our subsidiaries operate
Domestic and worldwide economic conditions
The market price of shares of our preferred stock may fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including:
Significant sales of our preferred stock, or the expectation of these sales or expectations of same
Lack of credit agency ratings or FDIC insurance
Movements in interest rates and spreads that negatively affect return
Call and redemption features
In addition, when the market price of a company’s common stock drops significantly, stockholders often institute securities class action lawsuits against the company. A securities class action lawsuit against the Company could cause it to incur substantial costs and could divert the time and attention of its management and other resources, which could materially adversely affect our business, financing condition and results of operations.

Sallie Mae and Navient will each be subject to restrictions under a tax sharing agreement between them, and a violation of the tax sharing agreement may result in tax liability to Sallie Mae and to its stockholders.
In connection with the Spin-Off, the Company entered into a tax sharing agreement with Navient to preserve the tax-free treatment of the separation and distribution of Navient. Under this tax sharing agreement, both the Company and Navient will be restricted from engaging in certain transactions that could prevent the Spin-Off from being tax-free to the Company and its stockholders at the time of the Spin-Off for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Compliance with the tax sharing agreement and the restrictions therein may limit the Company’s near-term ability to pursue certain strategic transactions or engage in activities

79


that might be beneficial from a business perspective, including M&A transactions. This may result in missed opportunities or the pursuit of business strategies that may not be as beneficial for the Company and which may negatively affect the Company’s anticipated profitability. If Navient fails to comply with the restrictions in the tax sharing agreement and as a result the Spin-Off was determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company and its stockholders at the time of the Spin-Off that are subject to U.S. federal income tax could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities. Although the tax sharing agreement will provide that Navient is required to indemnify the Company for taxes incurred by the Company that may arise were Navient to fail to comply with its obligations under the tax sharing agreement, there is no assurance that Navient will have the funds to satisfy that liability. Also, Navient will not be reduced further or reduced by other rating agencies at the conclusion of their credit review. There can be no assurance asrequired to the ratings, ifindemnify our stockholders for any tax liabilities they may incur for its violation of the new entities tax sharing agreement.
Our framework for managing risks may not be effective in mitigating our risk of loss.
Our risk management framework seeks to mitigate risk and appropriately balance risk and return. We have established processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor, control and report the types of risk to which we are subject. We seek to monitor and control our risk exposure through a framework of policies, procedures, limits and reporting requirements. Management of risks in some cases depends upon the use of analytical and/or holding companiesforecasting models. If the models that we use to mitigate these risks are inadequate, we may incur increased losses. In addition, there may be risks that exist, or that develop in the future, that we have not appropriately anticipated, identified or mitigated. If our risk management framework does not effectively identify or mitigate our risks, we could suffer unexpected losses and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Competition
We operate in a competitive environment. Our product offerings are primarily concentrated in loan and savings products for higher education.
We compete in the private credit lending business with banks and other consumer lending institutions, many with strong consumer brand name recognition and greater financial resources. We compete based on our products, origination capability and customer service. To the extent our competitors compete aggressively or more effectively, we could lose market share to them or subject our existing loans to refinancing risk. Our product offerings may not prove to be profitable and may result in higher than expected losses.
We are a leading provider of saving- and paying-for-college products and programs. This concentration gives us a competitive advantage in the marketplace. This concentration also creates risks in our business, particularly in light of our concentrations as a Private Education Loan lender. If population demographics result in a decrease in college-age individuals, if demand for higher education decreases, if the separation occurscost of attendance of higher education decreases, if public resistance to higher education costs increases, or if the demand for higher education loans decreases, our business could be negatively affected. In addition, the federal government, through the Direct Student Loan Program (“DSLP”), poses significant competition to our private credit loan products. If loan limits under the DSLP and other federal education lending programs increase, federally-funded education loans could be more widely available to students and their families, resulting in further decreases in the size of the Private Education Loan market and demand for our Private Education Loan products.
We are dependent on key personnel and the loss of one or more of those key personnel could harm our business.
Our future success depends significantly on the continued services and performance of our management team. We believe our management team’s depth and breadth of experience in our industry is integral to executing our business plan. We also will need to continue to attract, motivate and retain other key personnel. The loss of the services of members of our management team or other key personnel or the inability to attract additional qualified personnel as currently contemplated.

needed could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.




80


Item  2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Share Repurchases

The following table provides information relating to our purchase of shares of our common stock in the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2013.

(In millions, except per share data)

  Total Number
of Shares
Purchased(1)
   Average Price
Paid per
Share
   Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs(2)
   Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares
That May Yet Be
Purchased Under
Publicly Announced
Plans or
Programs(2)
 

Period:

        

July 1 — July 31, 2013

   .1    $24.72         $400  

August 1 — August 31, 2013

   .1     24.85          400  

September 1 — September 30, 2013

   .1     24.89          400  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total third-quarter 2013

   .3    $24.73         
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

2014.
(In thousands, except per share data)
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased(1)
 
Average Price
Paid per
Share 
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs(2)  
 
Approximate Dollar
Value
of Shares That
May Yet Be
Purchased  Under
Publicly Announced
Plans or
Programs(2)
Period:       
April 1 - April 30, 2014
 
 
 
May 1 - May 31, 201447
 $8.87
 
 
June 1 - June 30, 2014312
 $8.58
 
 
  
  
  
  
Total second-quarter 2014359
 $8.62
 
  
        
     _
(1)

The total number ofAll shares purchased includes: (i) shares purchased underare pursuant to the stock repurchase program discussed below, and (ii) shares of our common stock tendered to us to satisfy the exercise price in connection with cashless exercise of stock options, and tax withholding obligations in connection with exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units.

(2)

In July 2013, our board of directors authorized us to purchase up to $400 million of shares of our common stock.

At the present time the Company does not have a publicly announced share repurchase plan or program.

The closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 30, 2014 was $8.31.
Item  3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Nothing to report.
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures
Nothing to report.
Item  5.Other Information

Supervision and Regulation
Overview

The following discussion addresses the significant areas of supervision and regulation applicable to our current business and operations.

We are subject to extensive regulation, examination and supervision by various federal, state and local authorities. Significant aspects of the laws and regulations that apply to us and our subsidiaries are described below. These descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the applicable statutes, legislation, regulations and policies, as they may be amended, and as interpreted and applied, by federal, state and local agencies. Such statutes, regulations and policies are continually under review and are subject to change at any time, particularly in the current economic and regulatory environment.
 Dodd-Frank Act

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) was adopted to reform and strengthen regulation and supervision of the U.S. financial services industry. It contains comprehensive provisions to govern the practices and oversight of financial institutions and other participants in the financial markets. It imposes significant regulations, additional requirements and oversight on almost every aspect of the U.S. financial services industry, including increased capital and liquidity requirements, limits on leverage and enhanced supervisory authority. It requires the issuance of many implementing regulations which will take effect over several years, making it difficult to anticipate the overall impact to us, our affiliates, including the Bank as well as our customers and the financial industry more generally. While

81


the overall impact cannot be predicted with any degree of certainty, we are and will continue to be affected by the Dodd-Frank Act in a wide range of areas.

The Consumer Financial Protection Act, a part of the Dodd-Frank Act, established the CFPB, which has broad authority to write regulations under federal consumer financial protection laws and to directly or indirectly enforce those laws, including regulatory oversight of the Private Education Loan industry, and to examine financial institutions for compliance. It is authorized to collect fines and provide consumer restitution in the event of violations, engage in consumer financial education, track consumer complaints, request data and promote the availability of financial services to underserved consumers and communities. It has authority to prevent unfair, deceptive or abusive practices by issuing regulations that define the same or by using its enforcement authority without first issuing regulations. The CFPB has been active in its supervision, examination and enforcement of financial services companies, most notably bringing enforcement actions, imposing fines and mandating large refunds to customers of several large banking institutions for practices relating to the sale of additional products associated with the extension of consumer credit. Once the Bank has four consecutive quarters with total assets of at least $10 billion, the CFPB will become its primary consumer compliance supervisor with exclusive examination authority and primary enforcement authority. The UDFI and FDIC will remain the prudential regulatory authorities with respect to the Bank’s financial strength.

The CFPB continues an active interest in the student loan industry undertaking a number of initiatives relative to the Private Education Loan Market and student loan servicing. On October 16, 2013, the Private Education Loan Ombudsman within the CFPB submitted its second report based on Private Education Loan inquiries received through the CFPB portal from October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2013, including 1,327 inquiries transmitted to Sallie Mae during that period. The Dodd-Frank Act created the Private Education Loan Ombudsman within the CFPB to receive and attempt to informally resolve inquiries about Private Education Loans. The Private Education Loan Ombudsman reports to Congress annually on the trends and issues that it identifies through this process. The report offers analysis, commentary and recommendations to address issues reported by consumers. The report’s key observations included: (1) just under 50 percent of all private student loan inquiries received were related to consumers seeking a loan modification or other option to reduce their monthly payment; (2) payment processing problems continue to represent a significant amount of the inquiries received by the CFPB, such as confusion about payment application policies, the application of excess payments and underpayments, timing of payment processing, access to payment histories, lost payments, obtaining payoff information and servicing transfers; and (3) many of the private student loan inquiries mirror the problems heard from consumers in the mortgage market and that recent changes to mortgage servicing and credit card servicing practices might be applicable to the Private Education Loan market.

Regulation of Sallie Mae Bank
The Bank was $24.90.

chartered in 2005 and is a Utah industrial bank regulated by the FDIC and the UDFI. We are currently not a bank holding company and therefore are not subject to the regulation applicable to bank holding companies. However, we and our non-bank subsidiaries are subject to regulation and oversight as institution-affiliated parties. The following discussion sets forth some of the elements of the bank regulatory framework applicable to us, the Bank and our other non-bank subsidiaries.
General

The Bank is currently subject to primary regulation and examination by the FDIC and the UDFI. Numerous other federal and state laws as well as regulations promulgated by the FDIC and the state banking regulator govern almost all aspects of the operations of the Bank and, to some degree, our operations and those of our non-bank subsidiaries as institution-affiliated parties.
Actions by Federal and State Regulators

Like all depository institutions, the Bank is regulated extensively under federal and state law. Under federal and state laws and regulations pertaining to the safety and soundness of insured depository institutions, the UDFI and separately the FDIC as the insurer of bank deposits have the authority to compel or restrict certain actions on the Bank’s part if they determine that it has insufficient capital or other resources, or is otherwise operating in a manner that may be deemed to be inconsistent with safe and sound banking practices. Under this authority, the Bank’s regulators can require it to enter into informal or formal supervisory agreements, including board resolutions, memoranda of understanding, written agreements and consent or cease and desist orders, pursuant to which the Bank would be required to take identified corrective actions to address cited concerns and to refrain from taking certain actions.

82



Enforcement Powers

We and our nonbank subsidiaries are “institution-affiliated parties” of the Bank, including our management, employees, agents, independent contractors and consultants, and are generally subject to potential civil and criminal penalties for violations of law, regulations or written orders of a government agency. Violations can include failure to timely file required reports, filing false or misleading information or submitting inaccurate reports. Civil penalties may be as high as $1,000,000 a day for such violations and criminal penalties for some financial institution crimes may include imprisonment for 20 years. Regulators have flexibility to commence enforcement actions against institutions and institution-affiliated parties, and the FDIC has the authority to terminate deposit insurance. When issued by a banking agency, cease and desist and similar orders may, among other things, require affirmative action to correct any harm resulting from a violation or practice, including restitution, reimbursement, indemnifications or guarantees against loss. A financial institution may also be ordered to restrict its growth, dispose of certain assets, rescind agreements or contracts, or take other actions determined to be appropriate by the ordering agency. The federal banking regulators also may remove a director or officer from an insured depository institution (or bar them from the industry) if a violation is willful or reckless.

At the time of this filing, the Bank remains subject to the 2014 FDIC Order. The 2014 FDIC Order replaces a prior cease and desist order jointly issued in August 2008 by the FDIC and the UDFI which was terminated on July 15, 2014.  Specifically, on May 13, 2014, the Bank reached settlements with the FDIC and the Department of Justice regarding disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, as well as compliance with the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”).  Under the FDIC’s 2014 Order, the Bank agreed to pay $3.3 million in fines and oversee the refund of up to $30 million in late fees assessed on loans owned or originated by the Bank since its inception in November 2005.

Under the terms of the Separation and Distribution Agreement, Navient is responsible for funding all liabilities under the regulatory orders, other than fines directly levied against the Bank in connection with these matters. Under the Department of Justice order, Navient is solely responsible for reimbursing SCRA benefits and related compensation on behalf of both its subsidiary, Navient Solutions, Inc., and the Bank.

As required by the 2014 FDIC Order and the Department of Justice order, the Bank is implementing new SCRA policies, procedures and training, has updated billing statement disclosures, and is taking additional steps to ensure its third-party service providers are also fully compliant in these regards. The 2014 FDIC Order also requires the Bank to have its current compliance with consumer protection regulations audited by independent qualified audit personnel. The Bank is focused on achieving timely and comprehensive remediation of each item contained in the orders and on further enhancing its policies and practices to promote responsible financial practices, customer experience and compliance.

In May 2014, the Bank received a Civil Investigative Demand from the CFPB in its capacity as a former affiliate of Navient as part of the CFPB’s separate investigation relating to fees and policies of pre-Spin-Off SLM during the period prior to the Spin-Off of Navient. We are cooperating fully with the CFPB but are not in a position at this time to predict the duration or outcome of the investigation. Given the timeframe covered by this demand, Navient would be responsible for all costs, expenses, losses or remediation likely to arise from this investigation.
Standards for Safety and Soundness
The Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the “FDIA”) requires the federal bank regulatory agencies such as the FDIC to prescribe, by regulation or guideline, operational and managerial standards for all insured depository institutions, such as the Bank, relating to internal controls, information systems and audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, and asset quality. The agencies also must prescribe standards for asset quality, earnings, and stock valuation, as well as standards for compensation, fees and benefits. The federal banking regulators have adopted regulations and interagency guidelines prescribing standards for safety and soundness to implement these required standards. These guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards used to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. Under the regulations, if a regulator determines that a bank fails to meet any standards prescribed by the guidelines, the regulator may require the bank to submit an acceptable plan to achieve compliance, consistent with deadlines for the submission and review of such safety and soundness compliance plans.

83




Dividends

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act generally prohibits a depository institution from making any capital distribution, including payment of a dividend, or paying any management fee to its holding company if the institution would thereafter be undercapitalized. In addition, federal banking regulations applicable to the Bank require minimum levels of capital that may limit the amounts available for payment of dividends. In addition, many regulators have a policy, but not a requirement, that a dividend payment should not exceed net income to date in the current year. Finally, the ability of the Bank to pay dividends, and the contents of its respective dividend policy, could be impacted by a range of regulatory changes made pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, many of which will require final implementing rules to become effective.

The Bank is chartered under the laws of the State of Utah and its deposits are insured by the FDIC. The Bank’s ability to pay dividends is subject to the laws of Utah and the regulations of the FDIC. Generally, under Utah’s industrial bank laws and regulations as well as FDIC regulations, the Bank may pay dividends from its net profits without regulatory approval if, following the payment of the dividend, the Bank’s capital and surplus would not be impaired. The Bank paid no dividends for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 or for the six months ended June 30, 2014. For the six months ended June 30, 2013, the Bank paid dividends of $120 million.
Capital Requirements under Basel III

The current risk-based capital guidelines that apply to the Bank are based on the 1988 Basel I capital accord. In 2007, the federal banking regulators established capital standards based on the advanced internal ratings-based approach for credit risk and the advanced measurement approaches for operational risk contained in the Basel Committee’s second capital accord, referred to as “Basel II,” for the largest and most internationally active U.S. banking organizations, which do not include the Bank. In December 2010, the Basel Committee reached agreement on a revised set of regulatory capital standards: Basel III. These new standards, which are aimed at increasing the quality and quantity of regulatory capital, seek to further strengthen financial institutions’ capital positions by mandating a higher minimum level of common equity to be held, along with a capital conservation buffer to withstand future periods of stress.

In July 2013, the federal banking regulators issued the U.S. Basel III final rule. The final rule implements the Basel III capital framework and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, including the Collins Amendment. Certain aspects of the final rule, such as the new minimum capital ratios and the revised methodology for calculating risk-weighted assets, will become effective on January 1, 2015 for the Bank. Other aspects of the final rule, such as the capital conservation buffer and the new regulatory deductions from and adjustments to capital, will be phased in over several years beginning on January 1, 2015.

Consistent with the Basel Committee’s Basel III capital framework, the U.S. Basel III final rule includes a new minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5 percent and a Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer of greater than 2.5 percent of risk-weighted assets that will apply to all U.S. banking organizations, including the Bank. Failure to maintain the capital conservation buffer will result in increasingly stringent restrictions on a banking organization’s ability to make dividend payments and other capital distributions and pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers. The final rule also increases the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4 percent to 6 percent, while maintaining the current minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 8 percent. In addition, for the largest and most internationally active U.S. banking organizations, which do not include the Bank, the final rule includes a new minimum supplementary leverage ratio that takes into account certain off-balance sheet exposures.

The U.S. Basel III final rule focuses regulatory capital on Common Equity Tier 1 capital, and introduces new regulatory adjustments and deductions from capital as well as narrower eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments. The new eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments results in, among other things, cumulative perpetual preferred stock not qualifying as Tier 1 capital.

84


Stress Testing Requirements

As of December 31, 2013, the Bank had total assets of $10.8 billion. Once the Bank’s average total assets over four consecutive quarters exceed $10 billion, it will subsequently become subject to annual Dodd-Frank Act stress testing requirements. The Dodd-Frank Act imposes stress test requirements on banking organizations with total consolidated assets of more than $10 billion. The FDIC’s implementing regulations require FDIC-regulated depository institutions, such as the Bank, to conduct annual company-run stress test scenarios provided by the FDIC and publish a summary of those results. If, as is expected, the proposed rule that revises Part 325 Subpart C of the FDIC Rules and Regulations is adopted, the Bank will be required to submit the results of its stress tests to the FDIC by July 31, 2016.
Deposit Insurance and Assessments

Deposits at the Bank are insured by the Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”), as administered by the FDIC, up to the applicable limits established by law. The Dodd-Frank Act amended the statutory regime governing the DIF. Among other things, the Dodd-Frank Act established a minimum designated reserve ratio (“DRR”) of 1.35 percent of estimated insured deposits, required that the fund reserve ratio reach 1.35 percent by September 30, 2020, and directed the FDIC to amend its regulations to redefine the assessment base used for calculating deposit insurance assessments. Specifically, the Dodd-Frank Act requires the assessment base to be an amount equal to the average consolidated total assets of the insured depository institution during the assessment period, minus the sum of the average tangible equity of the insured depository institution during the assessment period and an amount the FDIC determines is necessary to establish assessments consistent with the risk-based assessment system found in the FDIA.
In December of 2010, the FDIC adopted a final rule setting the DRR at 2.0 percent. Furthermore, on February 7, 2011, the FDIC issued a final rule changing its assessment system from one based on domestic deposits to one based on the average consolidated total assets of a bank minus its average tangible equity during each quarter. The February 7, 2011 final rule modifies two adjustments added to the risk-based pricing system in 2009 (an unsecured debt adjustment and a brokered deposit adjustment), discontinues a third adjustment added in 2009 (the secured liability adjustment), and adds an adjustment for long-term debt held by an insured depository institution where the debt is issued by another insured depository institution. Under the February 7, 2011 final rule, the total base assessment rates will vary depending on the DIF reserve ratio.
With respect to brokered deposits, an insured depository institution must be well-capitalized in order to accept, renew or roll over such deposits without FDIC clearance. An adequately capitalized insured depository institution must obtain a waiver from the FDIC in order to accept, renew or roll over brokered deposits. Undercapitalized insured depository institutions generally may not accept, renew or roll over brokered deposits. For more information on the Bank’s deposits, see the section titled “Certain Unaudited Financial and Statistical Information of Sallie Mae and Sallie Mae Bank.”
Regulatory Examinations
The Bank currently undergoes regular on-site examinations by the Bank’s regulators, which examine for adherence to a range of legal and regulatory compliance responsibilities. A bank regulator conducting an examination has complete access to the books and records of the examined institution. The results of the examination are confidential. The cost of examinations may be assessed against the examined institution as the agency deems necessary or appropriate.
Source of Strength
Under the Dodd-Frank Act, we are required to serve as a source of financial strength to the Bank and to commit resources to support the Bank in circumstances when we might not do so absent the statutory requirement. Any loan by us to the Bank would be subordinate in right of payment to depositors and to certain other indebtedness of the Bank.
Community Reinvestment Act
The Community Reinvestment Act requires the FDIC to evaluate the record of the Bank in meeting the credit needs of its local community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. These evaluations are considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions and applications to open a branch or facility. Failure to adequately meet these criteria could result in additional requirements and limitations on the Bank.

85


Properties
The following table lists the principal facilities owned by us as of June 30, 2014:
Item 3.
Defaults upon Senior Securities
LocationFunctionRelated Business Area(s)
Approximate
Square Feet
Newark, DEHeadquartersConsumer Lending; Business Services; FFELP Loans; Other160,000
Indianapolis, INLoan Servicing CenterBusiness Services50,000

Nothing

The following table lists the principal facilities leased by us as of June 30, 2014:
LocationFunctionRelated Business Area(s)
Approximate
Square Feet
Reston, VAAdministrative OfficesConsumer Lending; Business Services; FFELP Loans; Other18,000
Newton, MAUpromiseBusiness Services18,000
Salt Lake City, UTSallie Mae BankConsumer Lending11,400
None of the facilities that we own is encumbered by a mortgage. We believe that our headquarters, loan servicing centers, data center, back-up facility and data management and collection centers are generally adequate to report.

meet our long-term student loan and business goals. Our headquarters are currently located in owned space at 300 Continental Drive, Newark, Delaware, 19713.


86


Item  4.6.Mine Safety DisclosuresExhibits

Nothing to report.

Item 5.Other Information

Nothing to report.

Item 6.Exhibits

The following exhibits are furnished or filed, as applicable:

12.1  

3.1


Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of SLM Corporation
10.1
Employment Agreement, dated April 21, 2014 between Laurent C. Lutz and the Company†
10.2
Sallie Mae Employee Stock Purchase Plan, Amended and Restated as of June 25, 2014†
10.3
Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Independent Director Restricted Stock Agreement - 2014†
12.1
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends

Dividends.
31.1

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

2002.
31.2

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

2002.
32.1

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

2002.
32.2

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

2002.
101.INS

XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement

87


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

SLM CORPORATION

(Registrant)

SLM CORPORATION
(Registrant)

By:

 

By:

/s/ JOSEPH A. DEPAULO

S/ STEVEN J. MCGARRY
Joseph A. DePaulo

Steven J. McGarry
Executive Vice President - Banking and Finance

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: October 28, 2013

99

July 23, 2014


88