Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON,Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x
ýQuarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2013

or

¨
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2014
or
oTransition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from__________ to __________              

For the transition period fromto

Commission File Number:file number: 001-32550

WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada 88-0365922

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

One E. Washington Street Suite 1400, Phoenix, AZ 85004
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(602) 389-3500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  xý    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website,Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  xý    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”"accelerated filer" and “smaller"smaller reporting company”company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ¨ý Accelerated filer x¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  xý

Common stock issued and outstanding: 87,198,76987,588,436 shares as of OctoberApril 25, 2013.

2014.



Table of Contents


INDEX
Index Page

Item 1. Financial Statements

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012

3 

Consolidated Income Statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 (unaudited)

4 

Item 1.

 6

 7

 8

10

Item 2. Management’s

50

Item 3.

Item 4.
  
70 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

  
73Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 6.
 


2

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
GLOSSARY OF ENTITIES AND TERMS
The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used in various sections of this Form 10-Q, including the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," in Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.

Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

ENTITIES:
AABAlliance Association BankParentWAL Holding Company
ABAAlliance Bank of ArizonaTPBTorrey Pines Bank
CompanyWestern Alliance Bancorporation and SubsidiariesWABWestern Alliance Bank
BONBank of NevadaWAEFWestern Alliance Equipment Finance
FIBFirst Independent BankWALWestern Alliance Bancorporation
LVSPLas Vegas Sunset Properties  
73TERMS:

Item 1A. Risk Factors

AFS
Available-for-SaleFVO73Fair Value Option

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity AMT

Alternative Minimum TaxGAAPU.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
ALCOAsset and Liability Management CommitteeGSEGovernment-Sponsored Enterprise
AOCIAccumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeHTMHeld-to-Maturity
ARPSAdjustable-Rate Preferred StockICSInsured Cash Sweep Service
ASCAccounting Standards CodificationIRCInternal Revenue Code
ASUAccounting Standards UpdateLIBORLondon Interbank Offered Rate
BOLIBank Owned Life InsuranceLIHTCLow-Income Housing Tax Credit
CDARSCertificate Deposit Account Registry ServiceMBSMortgage-Backed Securities
CDOCollateralized Debt ObligationNOLNet Operating Loss
CEOChief Executive OfficerNPVNet Present Value
CFOChief Financial OfficerNUBILsNet Unrealized Built In Losses
CMOCollateralized Mortgage ObligationsOCIOther Comprehensive Income
CompanyWestern Alliance BancorporationOREOOther Real Estate Owned
CRACommunity Reinvestment ActOTTIOther-than-Temporary Impairment
CRECommercial Real EstateParentWAL Holding Company
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards BoardPCIPurchased Credit Impaired
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationSECSecurities and Use of Proceeds

73Exchange Commission

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

FHLB
Federal Home Loan BankTDR73Troubled Debt Restructuring

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Form 10-Q
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2014TEB73Tax Equivalent Basis

Item 5. Other Information

FRB
Federal Reserve BankXBRL73eXtensible Business Reporting Language


3

Table of Contents


Item 6. Exhibits

73

Signatures

Item 1.
75Financial Statements.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)


WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

   September 30,  December 31, 
   2013  2012 
   (unaudited)    
   (in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Assets:

  

Cash and due from banks

  $142,625   $141,789  

Securities purchased under agreement to resell

   128,102    —    

Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions

   238,306    62,836  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

   509,033    204,625  

Money market investments

   4,176    664  

Investment securities—measured at fair value

   3,621    5,061  

Investment securities—available-for-sale, at fair value; amortized cost of $1,095,942 at September 30, 2013 and $926,050 at December 31, 2012

   1,073,886    939,590  

Investment securities—held-to-maturity, at amortized cost; fair value of $287,543 at September 30, 2013 and $292,819 at December 31, 2012

   289,108    291,333  

Investments in restricted stock, at cost

   30,186    30,936  

Loans—held for sale

   25,413    31,124  

Loans—held for investment, net of deferred fees

   6,490,870    5,678,194  

Less: allowance for credit losses

   (97,851  (95,427
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans held for investment

   6,393,019    5,582,767  

Premises and equipment, net

   105,925    107,910  

Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   76,475    77,247  

Bank owned life insurance

   139,658    138,336  

Goodwill

   23,224    23,224  

Other intangible assets, net

   4,747    6,539  

Deferred tax assets, net

   79,570    51,757  

Prepaid expenses

   5,236    12,029  

Other assets

   158,152    119,495  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

  $8,921,429   $7,622,637  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities:

   

Deposits:

   

Non-interest-bearing demand

  $1,972,474   $1,933,169  

Interest-bearing

   5,302,837    4,522,008  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total deposits

   7,275,311    6,455,177  

Customer repurchase agreements

   55,524    79,034  

Securities sold short

   126,664    —    

Other borrowings

   394,105    193,717  

Junior subordinated debt, at fair value

   39,447    36,218  

Other liabilities

   204,090    98,875  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   8,095,141    6,863,021  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)

   

Stockholders’ equity:

   

Preferred stock—par value $0.0001 and liquidation value per share of $1,000; 20,000,000 authorized; 141,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012

   141,000    141,000  

Common stock—par value $0.0001; 200,000,000 authorized; 87,098,782 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2013 and 86,465,050 at December 31, 2012

   9    9  

Additional paid in capital

   792,140    784,852  

Accumulated deficit

   (92,357  (174,471

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income

   (14,504  8,226  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

   826,288    759,616  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $8,921,429   $7,622,637  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  (Unaudited)  
  (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Assets:    
Cash and due from banks $161,302
 $134,906
Securities purchased under agreement to resell 111,085
 
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions 193,538
 170,608
Cash and cash equivalents 465,925
 305,514
Money market investments 851
 2,632
Investment securities—measured at fair value 2,943
 3,036
Investment securities—AFS, at fair value; amortized cost of $1,384,219 at March 31, 2014 and $1,404,048 at December 31, 2013 1,366,433
 1,370,696
Investment securities—HTM, at amortized cost; fair value of $281,483 at March 31, 2014 and $281,704 at December 31, 2013 275,738
 283,006
Investments in restricted stock, at cost 25,275
 30,186
Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs 7,108,599
 6,801,415
Less: allowance for credit losses (103,899) (100,050)
Total loans 7,004,700
 6,701,365
Premises and equipment, net 106,579
 105,565
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net 56,450
 66,719
Bank owned life insurance 141,511
 140,562
Goodwill 23,224
 23,224
Other intangible assets, net 3,553
 4,150
Deferred tax assets, net 78,322
 80,688
Prepaid expenses 4,660
 4,778
Other assets 190,460
 185,221
Total assets $9,746,624
 $9,307,342
Liabilities:    
Deposits:    
Non-interest-bearing demand $2,093,604
 $2,199,983
Interest-bearing 6,055,369
 5,638,222
Total deposits 8,148,973
 7,838,205
Customer repurchase agreements 57,407
 71,192
Securities sold short 109,793
 
Other borrowings 342,816
 341,096
Junior subordinated debt, at fair value 42,836
 41,858
Other liabilities 149,994
 159,493
Total liabilities 8,851,819
 8,451,844
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6) 
 
Stockholders’ equity:    
Preferred stock - par value $0.0001 and liquidation value per share of $1,000; 20,000,000 authorized; 141,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 141,000
 141,000
Common stock - par value $0.0001; 200,000,000 authorized; 87,553,976 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2014 and 87,186,403 at December 31, 2013 9
 9
Additional paid in capital 795,306
 797,146
Accumulated deficit (30,379) (61,111)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (11,131) (21,546)
Total stockholders’ equity 894,805
 855,498
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $9,746,624
 $9,307,342
See accompanying Notes to unauditedUnaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.


4


WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS (unaudited)

   Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,  September 30, 
   2013  2012  2013  2012 
   (in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Interest income:

  

Loans, including fees

  $83,994   $69,580   $239,812   $205,682  

Investment securities—taxable

   3,977    5,295    11,523    17,522  

Investment securities—tax exempt

   3,356    2,723    9,712    7,491  

Dividends—taxable

   286    305    909    899  

Dividends—tax exempt

   667    711    2,122    2,096  

Other

   400    55    995    262  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

   92,680    78,669    265,073    233,952  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Interest expense:

     

Deposits

   4,232    3,974    11,893    12,904  

Other borrowings

   3,409    2,225    8,808    6,624  

Junior subordinated debt

   460    487    1,381    1,458  

Customer repurchase agreements

   20    37    77    158  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest expense

   8,121    6,723    22,159    21,144  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income

   84,559    71,946    242,914    212,808  

Provision for credit losses

   —      8,932    8,920    35,343  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

   84,559    63,014    233,994    177,465  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Non-interest income:

     

Service charges and fees

   2,425    2,412    7,408    7,014  

Income from bank owned life insurance

   1,832    1,116    3,904    3,359  

Amortization of affordable housing investments

   (1,504  (651  (3,304  (710

(Loss) gain on sales of securities, net

   (1,679  1,031    (1,537  2,502  

Mark to market (losses) gains, net

   (7  470    (3,865  701  

Bargain purchase gain from acquisition

   —      —      10,044    —    

Other income

   1,558    2,604    4,736    7,397  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total noninterest income

   2,625    6,982    17,386    20,263  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Non-interest expense:

     

Salaries and employee benefits

   28,689    25,500    83,363    78,159  

Occupancy

   4,901    4,655    14,500    14,046  

Legal, professional and directors’ fees

   3,006    2,291    8,017    6,380  

Data processing

   1,872    1,390    5,912    3,678  

Insurance

   1,884    2,121    6,350    6,323  

Marketing

   1,599    1,231    4,970    4,061  

Loan and repossessed asset expenses

   1,136    1,236    3,453    4,573  

Customer service

   677    653    2,037    1,926  

Net loss (gain) on sales / valuations of repossesed assets and bank premises, net

   371    126    (234  3,678  

Intangible amortization

   597    880    1,791    2,660  

Goodwill and intangible impairment

   —      3,435    —      3,435  

Merger / restructure expenses

   1,018    113    3,833    113  

Other expense

   3,925    3,912    11,143    10,839  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total non-interest expense

   49,675    47,543    145,135    139,871  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes

   37,509    22,453    106,245    57,857  

Income tax expense

   9,288    6,752    22,913    16,452  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations

   28,221    15,701    83,332    41,405  

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit

   (29  (243  (160  (686
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income

   28,192    15,458    83,172    40,719  

Dividends on preferred stock

   352    352    1,058    3,440  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income available to common shareholders

  $27,840   $15,106   $82,114   $37,279  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(Unaudited)

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Interest income:    
Loans, including fees $86,804
 $74,725
Investment securities 10,226
 6,961
Dividends 1,099
 1,197
Other 572
 225
Total interest income 98,701
 83,108
Interest expense:    
Deposits 4,665
 3,732
Other borrowings 2,819
 2,672
Junior subordinated debt 421
 466
Customer repurchase agreements 19
 35
Total interest expense 7,924
 6,905
Net interest income 90,777
 76,203
Provision for credit losses 3,500
 5,439
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 87,277
 70,764
Non-interest income:    
Service charges and fees 2,530
 2,534
Income from bank owned life insurance 949
 1,036
Gain on sales of investment securities, net 366
 147
Unrealized losses on assets / liabilities measured at fair value, net (1,276) (471)
Other fee revenue 1,108
 957
Other income 1,158
 596
Total non-interest income 4,835
 4,799
Non-interest expense:    
Salaries and employee benefits 29,555
 26,574
Occupancy 4,682
 4,846
Legal, professional and directors’ fees 3,639
 3,023
Data processing 2,674
 1,865
Insurance 2,393
 2,370
Loan and repossessed asset expenses 1,234
 1,596
Customer service 620
 643
Marketing 559
 667
Net (gain) loss on sales / valuations of repossessed and other assets (2,547) 519
Intangible amortization 597
 597
Merger / restructure expenses 157
 195
Other expense 6,186
 4,034
Total non-interest expense 49,749
 46,929
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes 42,363
 28,634
Income tax expense 10,624
 7,787
Income from continuing operations 31,739
 20,847
(Loss) gain from discontinued operations, net of tax (654) 38
Net income 31,085
 20,885
Dividends on preferred stock 353
 353
Net income available to common shareholders $30,732
 $20,532

5


  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Earnings per share from continuing operations:    
Basic $0.36
 $0.24
Diluted 0.36
 0.24
Loss per share from discontinued operations:    
Basic (0.01) 
Diluted (0.01) 
Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders:    
Basic 0.35
 0.24
Diluted 0.35
 0.24
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:    
Basic 86,256
 85,324
Diluted 87,123
 85,980
Dividends declared per common share $
 $
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

6


WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENTS (unaudited)

(continued)

   Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,  September 30, 
   2013   2012  2013   2012 
   (in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Earnings per share from continuing operations:

       

Basic

  $0.32    $0.19   $0.96    $0.47  

Diluted

  $0.32    $0.19   $0.95    $0.46  

Loss per share from discontinued operations:

       

Basic

  $—      $(0.00 $—      $(0.01

Diluted

  $—      $(0.00 $—      $(0.01

Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders:

       

Basic

  $0.32    $0.18   $0.96    $0.46  

Diluted

  $0.32    $0.18   $0.95    $0.45  

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

       

Basic

   85,799     81,758    85,596     81,570  

Diluted

   86,769     82,294    86,428     82,159  

Dividends declared per common share

  $—      $—     $—      $—    

(Unaudited)

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands)
Net income $31,085
 $20,885
Other comprehensive income (loss), net: 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on AFS securities, net of tax effect of $(6,365) and $459, respectively 10,644
 (890)
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge, net of tax effect of $0 and $18, respectively 
 (34)
Realized gain on sale of AFS securities included in income, net of tax effect of $137 and $50, respectively (229) (97)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) 10,415
 (1,021)
Comprehensive income $41,500
 $19,864
See accompanying Notes to unauditedUnaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.


7


WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME (unaudited)

   Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,  September 30, 
   2013  2012  2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Net income

  $28,192   $15,458   $83,172   $40,719  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net:

     

Unrealized (loss) gain on securities available-for-sale (AFS), net (tax effect of $2,887, $(4,607), $14,327, $(10,637) for each respective period presented)

   (4,770  8,478    (23,670  18,803  

Unrealized (loss) gain on cash flow hedge, net (tax effect of $18, $(5), $10, $(10) for each respective period presented)

   (30  9    (17  17  

Realized gain on cash flow hedge, net (tax effect of $294 for the respective period presented)

               (519

Realized loss (gain) on sale of securities AFS included in income, net (tax effect of $(633), $363, $(580), $904 for each respective period presented)

   1,046    (668  957    (1,598
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net other comprehensive (loss) income

   (3,754  7,819    (22,730  16,703  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

  $24,438   $23,277   $60,442   $57,422  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

  Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders’ Equity
             
  Shares Amount Shares Amount    
        (in thousands)    
December 31, 2012 (1) 141
 $141,000
 86,465
 $9
 $784,852
 $8,226
 $(174,666) $759,421
Net income 
 
 
 
 
 
 20,885
 20,885
Exercise of stock options 
 
 156
 
 1,118
 
 
 1,118
Stock-based compensation 
 
 59
 
 803
 
 
 803
Restricted stock grants, net 
 
 399
 
 168
 
 
 168
Other 
 
 
 
   
 
 
Dividends on preferred stock 
 
 
 
 
 
 (353) (353)
Other comprehensive income, net 
 
 
 
 
 (1,021) 
 (1,021)
Balance, March 31, 2013 141
 $141,000
 87,079
 $9
 $786,941
 $7,205
 $(154,134) $781,021
                 
December 31, 2013 141
 $141,000
 87,186
 $9
 $797,146
 $(21,546) $(61,111) $855,498
Net income 
 
 
 
 
 
 31,085
 31,085
Exercise of stock options 
 
 64
 
 703
 
 
 703
Stock-based compensation 
 
 37
 
 854
 
 
 854
Restricted stock grants, net 
 
 267
 
 (3,397) 
 
 (3,397)
Dividends on preferred stock 
 
 
 
 
 
 (353) (353)
Other comprehensive income, net 
 
 
 
 
 10,415
 
 10,415
Balance, March 31, 2014 141
 $141,000
 87,554
 $9
 $795,306
 $(11,131) $(30,379) $894,805

(1)As adjusted, see "Note 10. Income Taxes" to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
See accompanying Notes to unauditedUnaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.


8


WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)

                       Accumulated       
                   Additional   Other     Total 
   Preferred Stock   Common Stock   Paid In   Comprehensive  Accumulated  Stockholders’ 
   Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount   Capital   (Loss) Income  Deficit  Equity 
   (in thousands) 

Balance, December 31, 2012:

   141    $141,000     86,465    $9    $784,852    $8,226   $(174,471 $759,616  

Net income

   —       —       —       —       —       —      83,172    83,172  

Exercise of stock options

   —       —       332     —       2,924     —      —      2,924  

Stock-based compensation

   —       —       111     —       1,608     —      —      1,608  

Restricted stock grants, net

   —       —       191     —       2,756     —      —      2,756  

Dividends on preferred stock

   —       —       —       —       —       —      (1,058  (1,058

Other comprehensive loss, net

   —       —       —       —       —       (22,730  —      (22,730
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, September 30, 2013

   141    $141,000     87,099    $9    $792,140    $(14,504 $(92,357 $826,288  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

See accompanying Notes to unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Cash flows from operating activities:

   

Net income

  $83,172   $40,719  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:

   

Provision for credit losses

   8,920    35,343  

Depreciation and amortization

   6,655    7,319  

Stock-based compensation

   4,364    4,725  

Deferred income taxes and income taxes receivable

   1,761    16,125  

Net amortization of discounts and premiums for investment securities

   7,658    8,027  

Goodwill and intangible impairment

   —      3,435  

Accretion and amortization of fair market value adjustments due to acquisitions

   (10,285  —    

(Gains) / Losses on:

   

Sales of securities, AFS

   1,537    (2,502

Acquisition of Centennial Bank

   (10,044  —    

Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   (2,388  (317

Valuation adjustments of other repossessed assets, net

   2,279    4,060  

Sale of premises and equipment, net

   (125  (65

Sale of minority interest in Miller / Russell & Associates, Inc.

   —      (776

Changes in, net of acquisitions:

   

Other assets/liabilities, net

   26,437    9,554  

Fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value

   3,865    (701
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

   123,806    124,946  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

   

Investment securities—measured at fair value Principal pay downs and maturities

   1,358    954  

Investment securities—available-for-sale

   

Proceeds from sales

   63,153    143,553  

Principal pay downs and maturities

   161,394    304,428  

Purchases

   (373,485  (277,619

Investment securities—held-to-maturity Principal pay downs and maturities

   —      735  

Purchase of investment tax credits

   (28,172  (17,901

(Purchase) / sale of money market investments, net

   (3,512  1,577  

Liquidation of restricted stock

   750    676  

Loan fundings and principal collections, net

   (388,259  (612,929

Proceeds from loan sales

   —      3,435  

Sale and purchase of premises and equipment, net

   (2,472  (5,951

Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net

   20,513    26,650  

Cash and cash equivalents acquired in acquisition, net

   21,204    —    
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

   (527,528  (432,392
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

(continued)(Unaudited)

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Cash flows from financing activities:

  

Net increase in deposits

   481,989    503,464  

Net decrease in customer repurchases

   (23,510  —    

Proceeds from securities sold short

   126,664    —    

Net increase (decrease) in borrowings

   121,121    (42,276

Proceeds from exercise of common stock options

   2,924    2,620  

Cash dividends paid on preferred stock

   (1,058  (3,440
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

   708,130    460,368  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

   304,408    152,922  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

   204,625    154,995  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

  $509,033   $307,917  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure:

   

Cash paid during the period for:

   

Interest

  $22,648   $22,263  

Income taxes

   20,245    1,290  

Non-cash investing and financing activity:

   

Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   14,010    19,522  

Unfunded commitments to purchase investment tax credits

   21,828    34,599  

Assets acquired in Centennial merger transaction

   410,827    —    

Liabilities assumed in Centennial merger transaction

   421,987    —    

Change in unrealized (loss) gain on AFS securities, net of tax

   (23,670  18,803  

Change in unrealized gain on cash flow hedge, net of tax

   (17  17  

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Net income $31,085
 $20,885
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:    
Provision for credit losses 3,500
 5,439
Depreciation and amortization 2,044
 2,153
Stock-based compensation 332
 971
Deferred income taxes and income taxes receivable (1,696) (1,754)
Net amortization of discounts and premiums for investment securities 2,050
 2,577
Accretion and amortization of fair market value adjustments due to acquisitions (3,305) (3,288)
Income from bank owned life insurance (949) (1,036)
(Gains) / losses on:    
Sales of securities, AFS (366) (147)
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net (1,168) (455)
Valuation adjustments of other repossessed assets, net 35
 1,017
Sale of premises and equipment and other assets, net (1,411) (43)
Changes in:    
Other assets 3,191
 18,475
Other liabilities 5,359
 828
Fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value 1,276
 471
Net cash provided by operating activities 39,977
 46,093
Cash flows from investing activities:    
Investment securities - measured at fair value    
Principal pay downs and maturities 112
 279
Investment securities - AFS    
Purchases (24,082) (124,909)
Principal pay downs and maturities 38,332
 51,196
Proceeds from sales 4,196
 4,072
Investment securities - HTM    
Principal pay downs and maturities 6,600
 
Purchase of investment tax credits (10,529) (5,084)
Sale / (purchase) of money market investments, net 1,781
 (132)
Liquidation of restricted stock 4,911
 1,169
Loan fundings and principal collections, net (322,640) (124,390)
Sale and purchase of premises and equipment, net (1,103) (761)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net 13,512
 5,343
Net cash used in investing activities (288,910) (193,217)

9

Table of Contents

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands)
Cash flows from financing activities:    
Net increase in deposits 310,939
 279,737
Net increase in borrowings 98,055
 218,272
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options 703
 1,118
Cash dividends paid on preferred stock (353) (353)
Net cash provided by financing activities 409,344
 498,774
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 160,411
 351,650
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 305,514
 204,625
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $465,925
 $556,275
Supplemental disclosure:    
Cash paid during the period for:    
Interest $5,916
 $7,132
Income taxes 2,501
 1,450
Non-cash investing and financing activity:    
Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net 2,110
 6,609
Unfunded commitments to purchase investment tax credits 12,298
 46,582
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on AFS securities, net of tax 10,415
 (1,021)
Change in unrealized loss on cash flow hedge, net of tax 
 (34)
Change in unfunded obligations 16,625
 35,451
See accompanying Notes to unauditedUnaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.


10


WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of operations

Western Alliance Bancorporation (“WAL” or “the Company”),operation

WAL, incorporated under the laws of the state of Nevada, is a bank holding company providing full service banking and related services to locally owned businesses, professional firms, real estate developers and investors, local non-profit organizations, high net worth individuals and other consumers through its three wholly ownedwholly-owned subsidiary banks: Bank ofbank: WAB, doing business as ABA in Arizona, as FIB in Northern Nevada, (“BON”)as AAB throughout the U.S., operatingas BON in Southern Nevada; Western Alliance Bank (“WAB”), operating in ArizonaNevada, and Northern Nevada; and Torrey Pines Bank (“TPB”), operatingas TPB in California. In addition, there arethe Company has two non-bank subsidiaries, Western Alliance Equipment Finance (“WAEF”),WAEF, which offers equipment finance services nationwide, and Las Vegas Sunset Properties (“LVSP”),LVSP, which holds and manages certain non-performing assets. These entities are collectively referred to herein as the Company.

loans and OREO.

Basis of presentation

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”)GAAP and conform to practices within the financial services industry. The accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are included in thesethe unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses; estimated cash flows related to PCI loans; fair value determinations related to acquisitions, including loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality; fair value of other assets acquired through foreclosure;acquisitions; and determination of the valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets; impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets and other than temporary impairment of securities.assets. Although the Company’s management (“Management”) believes these estimates to be reasonably accurate, actual amounts may differ. In the opinion of Management,management, all adjustments considered necessary have been reflected in the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Statements during their preparation.

Principles of consolidation
On December 31, 2013, the Company consolidated its three bank subsidiaries under one bank charter, WAB. As the subsidiary bank mergers did not meet the definition of a business combination under the guidance of FASB ASC 805,

Business Combinations, the entities were combined in a method similar to a pooling of interests.

WAL has eleven wholly ownednine wholly-owned subsidiaries: BON, WAB, TPB, which are all banking subsidiaries; WAEF, which provides equipment finance services; LVSP which holds certain non-performing assets; and six unconsolidated subsidiaries used as business trusts in connection with the issuance of trust-preferred securities. In addition, until October 31, 2012, WAL maintained an 80% interest in Shine Investment Advisory Services
WAB has the following wholly-owned subsidiaries: WAB Investments, Inc. (“Shine”), a registeredBON Investments, Inc., and TPB Investments, Inc., which hold certain investment advisor. WAL divested its 80% interest in Shine as of October 31, 2012. On April 30, 2013, the Company completed its acquisition of Centennial Bank (“Centennial”)securities, municipal loans and merged Centennial into WAB effective as of the acquisition date. The assets and liabilities of Centennial are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements as of April 30, 2013. See Note 2, “Acquisitions and Dispositions” for further discussion.

BON has three wholly owned subsidiaries:leases; BW Real Estate, Inc., which operates as a real estate investment trust and holds certain of BON’sWAB's real estate loans and related securities; BON Investments, Inc., which holds certain investment securities, municipal loans and leases; and BW Nevada Holdings, LLC, which owns the Company’s 2700 West Sahara Avenue, Las Vegas, Nevada office building.

WAB has one wholly owned subsidiary, WAB Investments, Inc., which holds certain investment securities, municipal loans and leases, and TPB has one wholly owned subsidiary, TPB Investments, Inc., which holds certain investment securities and leases.

The Company does not have any other significant entities that should be considered for consolidation. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statementsconsolidated financial statements as of December 31, 20122013 and for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2013 have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The reclassifications have no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity as previously reported.


11


Interim financial information

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of September 30,and for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 and 2012 have been prepared in condensed format and, therefore, do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These statements have been prepared on a basis that is substantially consistent with the accounting principles applied to the Company’sCompany's audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’sCompany's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

2013.

The information furnished in these interim statements reflects all adjustments which are, in the opinion of Management,management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for each respective period presented. Such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The results of operations in the interim statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other quarter or for the full year. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company’sCompany's audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Business combinations

Acquisitions are accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805,Business Combinations(“ASC 805”), which requires that all identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. Any excess of the purchase price over amounts allocated to assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities assumed, is recorded as goodwill. Where amounts allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed is greater than the purchase price, a bargain purchase gain is recognized. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

Fair values are determined in accordance with FASB ASC 820,Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures(“ASC 820”). In many cases, the determination of these fair values required Management to make estimates about discount rates, future expected cash flows, market conditions and other future events that are subjective in nature and subject to change. Determining the fair value of the assets and liabilities, especially the loan portfolio and other real estate owned (“OREO”), is a complex process involving significant judgment regarding the methods and assumptions used to calculate estimated fair values. The fair value of loans acquired is estimated based on discounted cash flows, which take into consideration current portfolio interest rates and repricing characteristics as well as assumptions related to prepayment speeds and credit losses. Loans acquired with credit deterioration are considered to be impaired and are accounted for in accordance with GAAP (see the policy note, “Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality,” for further discussion).

Investment securities

Investment securities may be classified as held-to-maturity (“HTM”), available-for-sale (“AFS”)HTM, AFS or trading. The appropriate classification is initially decided at the time of purchase. Securities classified as HTM are those debt securities that the Company has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs or general economic conditions. These securities are carried at amortized cost. The sale of a security within three months of its maturity date or after the majority of the principal outstanding has been collected is considered a maturity for purposes of classification and disclosure.

Securities classified as AFS or trading are reported as an asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their estimated fair value. As the fair value of AFS securities changes, the changes are reported net of income tax as an element of other comprehensive income (“OCI”),OCI, except for impaired securities. When AFS securities are sold, the unrealized gain or loss is reclassified from OCI to non-interest income. ChangesThe changes in the fair values of trading securities are reported in non-interest income. Securities classified as AFS are both equity and debt securities that the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as AFS would be based on various factors, including significant movements in interest rates, changes in the maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, decline in credit quality, and regulatory capital considerations.

Interest income is recognized based on the coupon rate and increased by accretion of discounts earned or decreased by the amortization of premiums paid over the contractual life of the security using the interest method. For mortgage-backed securities, estimates of prepayments are considered in the constant yield calculations.

In estimating whether there are any other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”)OTTI losses, Managementmanagement considers (1) the 1) length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, (2) thecost; 2) financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, (3) theissuer; 3) impact of changes in market interest rates,rates; and (4) the4) intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value and whether it is not more likely than not the Company would be required to sell the security prior to recovery.

security.

Declines in the fair value of individual debt securities classified as AFS that are deemed to be other than temporary are reflected in earnings when identified. The fair value of the debt security then becomes the new cost basis. For individual debt securities where the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the other than temporary decline in fair value of the debt security related to (1)1) credit loss is recognized in earnings,earnings; and (2)2) market or other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income or loss. Credit losses areloss is recorded if the present value of cash flows is less than amortized cost.

For individual debt securities where the Company intends to sell the security or more likely than not will not recover all of its amortized cost, the OTTI is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the securities cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date. For individual debt securities for which a credit loss has been recognized in earnings, interest accruals and amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts are suspended when the credit loss is recognized. Interest received after accruals have been suspended is recognized on a cash basis.

Loans, interest and fees from loans
The Company generally holds loans for investment and has the intent and ability to hold loans until their maturity. Therefore, they are reported at book value. Net loans are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, reduced by unearned loan fees and allowance for credit losses. Purchased loans are recorded at estimated fair value on the date of purchase.
The Company may acquire loans through a business combination or in a purchase for which differences may exist between the contractual cash flows and the cash flows expected to be collected due, at least in part, to credit quality. Loans are evaluated individually to determine if there is credit deterioration since origination. Such loans may then be aggregated and accounted for

12


as a pool of loans based on common characteristics. When the Company acquires such loans, the yield that may be accreted (accretable yield) is limited to the excess of the Company’s estimate of undiscounted cash flows expected to be collected over the Company’s initial investment in the loan. The excess of contractual cash flows over the cash flows expected to be collected may not be recognized as an adjustment to yield, loss, or a valuation allowance. Subsequent increases in cash flows expected to be collected generally are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the loan’s yield over the remaining life. Subsequent decreases to cash flows expected to be collected are recognized as impairment. The Company may not “carry over” or create a valuation allowance in the initial accounting for loans acquired under these circumstances. For additional information, see "Note 3. Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses" of these Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Interest income on loans is accrued daily using the effective interest method and recognized over the terms of the loans. Loan fees collected for the origination of loans less direct loan origination costs (net deferred loan fees) are amortized over the contractual life of the loan through interest income. If the loan has scheduled payments, the amortization of the net deferred loan fee is calculated using the interest method over the contractual life of the loan. If the loan does not have scheduled payments, such as a line of credit, the net deferred loan fee is recognized as interest income on a straight-line basis over the contractual life of the loan commitment. Commitment fees based on a percentage of a customer’s unused line of credit and fees related to standby letters of credit are recognized over the commitment period.
When loans are repaid, any remaining unamortized balances of unearned fees, deferred fees and costs and premiums and discounts paid on purchased loans are accounted for though interest income.
Nonaccrual loans: For all loan types except credit cards, when a borrower discontinues making payments as contractually required by the note, the Company must determine whether it is appropriate to continue to accrue interest. Generally, the Company places loans in a nonaccrual status and ceases recognizing interest income when the loan has become delinquent by more than 90 days or when management determines that the full repayment of principal and collection of interest is unlikely. The Company may decide to continue to accrue interest on certain loans more than 90 days delinquent if they are well secured by collateral and in the process of collection. Credit card loans and other personal loans are typically charged off no later than 180 days delinquent.
For all loan types, when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest accrued but uncollected is reversed against interest income in the period in which the status is changed. Subsequent payments received from the customer are applied to principal and no further interest income is recognized until the principal has been paid in full or until circumstances have changed such that payments are again consistently received as contractually required. The Company occasionally recognizes income on a cash basis for non-accrual loans in which the collection of the remaining principal balance is not in doubt.
Impaired loans: A loan is identified as impaired when it is probable that interest and principal will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the original loan agreement. Generally, impaired loans are classified as nonaccrual. However, in certain instances, impaired loans may continue on an accrual basis, such as loans classified as impaired due to doubt regarding collectability according to contractual terms, that are both fully secured by collateral and are current in their interest and principal payments. Impaired loans are measured for reserve requirements in accordance with FASB ASC 310, Receivables, based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral less applicable disposition costs if the loan is collateral dependent. The amount of an impairment reserve, if any, and any subsequent changes are charged against the allowance for credit losses. In addition to our own internal loan review process, the FDIC may from time to time direct the Company to modify loan grades, loan impairment calculations or loan impairment methodology.
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans: A TDR loan is a loan on which the Company, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider. The loan terms that have been modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation include, but are not limited to, a reduction in the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity or renewal of the loan at an interest rate below current market, a reduction in the face amount of the debt, a reduction in the accrued interest, extensions, deferrals, renewals and rewrites. A TDR loan is also considered impaired. Generally, a loan that is modified at an effective market rate of interest may no longer be disclosed as a TDR in years subsequent to the restructuring if it is performing based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement.

13


Allowance for credit losses

Credit risk is inherent in the business of extending loans and leases to borrowers. Like other financial institutions, the Company must maintain an adequate allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense. Loans are charged against the allowance for credit losses when Managementmanagement believes that the contractual principal or interest will not be collected. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance is an amount believed adequate to absorb estimated probable losses on existing loans that may become uncollectable, based on evaluation of the collectability of loans and prior credit loss experience, together with other factors. The Company formally re-evaluates and establishes the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis.

The Company’s allowance for credit loss methodology incorporates several quantitative and qualitative risk factors used to establish the appropriate allowance for credit losses at each reporting date. Quantitative factors include the Company’sour historical loss experience, delinquency and charge-off trends, collateral values, changes in the level of nonperforming loans and other factors. Qualitative factors include the economic condition of the Company’sour operating markets and the state of certain industries. Specific changes in the risk factors are based on actual loss experience, as well as perceived risk of similar groups of loans classified by collateral type, purpose and loan grade.term. An internal one-year and five-year loss history areis also incorporated into the allowance calculation model. Due to the credit concentration of the Company’sour loan portfolio in real estate secured loans, the value of collateral is heavily dependent on real estate values in Nevada, Arizona and California.California, which, in some cases, have declined substantially from their peak. While Managementmanagement uses the best information available to make its evaluation, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if there are significant changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”)FDIC and state bank regulatory agencies,agency, as an integral part of their examination processes, periodically review the Company’s subsidiary banks’bank's allowances for credit losses, and may require the subsidiary banksus to make additions to theour allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations.examination. Management regularly reviews the assumptions and formulasformulae used in determining the allowance and makes adjustments if required to reflect the current risk profile of the portfolio.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific allowance relates to impaired loans. In general, impaired loans include non-accrualthose where interest recognition has been suspended, loans loansthat are more than 90 days past due and still accruing,delinquent but because of adequate collateral coverage, income continues to be recognized, and other criticized and classified loans.loans not paying substantially according to the original contract terms. For such loans, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value or observable market price of the impaired loan are lower than the carrying value of that loan, pursuant to FASB ASC 310,Receivables (“ASC 310”). Loans not collateral dependent are evaluated based on the expected future cash flows discounted at the original contractual interest rate. The amount to which the present value falls short of the current loan obligation is recordedwill be set up as a reserve for that account or charge-off.charged-off.

The Company uses an appraised value method to determine the need for a reserve or charge-off on impaired, collateral dependent loans and further discounts the appraisal for disposition costs. TheGenerally, the Company obtains an independent collateral valuation analysis for each impaired loan at least annually.

Loans acquired with deterioratedevery twelve months.

The general allowance covers all non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for the various qualitative and quantitative factors listed above.
Off-balance sheet instruments
In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit quality

FASB ASC 310-30,Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquiredand standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when they are funded. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. Losses would be experienced when the Company is contractually obligated to make a Transfer(“ASC 310-30”), appliespayment under these instruments and must seek repayment from the borrower, which may not be as financially sound in the current period as they were when the commitment was originally made. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a loan with evidencecustomer as long as there is no violation of deteriorationany condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The Company enters into credit quality since its origination, andarrangements that generally provide for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the investor will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable. For these loans, accounted for under ASC 310-30, Management determinestermination of advances in the valueevent of a covenant violation or other event of default. Since many of the loan portfolio based, in part, on work provided by an appraiser. Factors considered in the valuation are projected cash flows for the loans, type of loan and related collateral, loan grade, delinquency and loan to value. Loans are grouped together according to similar characteristics and are treated in the aggregate when applying various valuation techniques. Loans are first evaluated individually to determine if there has been credit deterioration since origination. Once acquired loans are determined to have deteriorated credit quality, the Company evaluates such loans for common risk characteristics and aggregation into one or more pools. Common risk characteristics for pooling acquired loans may include credit ratings, loan type, collateral type, delinquency status, geographic location, loan to value, or combinations thereof. Management also estimates the amount of credit losses thatcommitments are expected to be realized for individual loans by estimatingexpire without being drawn upon, the probability of default and the loss given default, which incorporates the liquidation valuetotal commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral securing loans. These estimates are subjective. The accretionobtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the fair value adjustments attributableparty. The commitments are collateralized by the same types of assets used as loan collateral.

As with outstanding loans, the Company applies qualitative factors and utilization rates to interest rates on loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality is recordedits off-balance sheet obligations in interest incomedetermining an estimate of losses inherent in the Consolidated Income Statements over the estimated life of the pool.these contractual obligations. The fair value adjustment attributable toestimate for credit losses on these loansoff-balance sheet

14


instruments is non-accretable. When a loanincluded within other liabilities and the charge to income that establishes this liability is sold, paid off or transferred to OREO and liquidated, any remaining non-accretable yield is recordedincluded in interest income.

Adjustments to these loan values in future periods may occur based on Management’s expectation of future cash flows to be collected over the lives of the loans. Estimating cash flows is performed at a pool level and incorporates analysis of historical cash flows, delinquencies, and charge-offs as well as assumptions about future cash flows. Performance can vary from period to period, causing changes in estimates of the expected cash flows. If based on the review of a pool of loans, it is probable that a significant increase or improvement in cash flows previously expected to be collected, any valuation allowance established for the pool of loans is first reduced for the increase in the present value of cash flows expected to be collected, and any remaining increase in estimated cash flows increases the accretable yield and is recognized over the remaining estimated life of the loan pool. If based on the review of a pool of loans, it is probable that a decrease or impairment in cash flows previously expected to be collected or if actual cash flows are less than cash flows previously expected, the allowance for credit losses is increased for the decrease in the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected.

non-interest expense.

Other assets acquired through foreclosure

Other assets acquired through foreclosure consist primarily of properties acquired as a result of, or in-lieu-of, foreclosure. Properties or other assets (primarily repossessed assets formerly leased) are classified as other real estate ownedOREO and other repossessed property and are initially reported at fair value of the asset less estimated selling costs. Subsequent adjustments are based on the lower of carrying value or fair value, less estimated costs to sell the property. Costs relatingrelated to the development or improvement of the assets are capitalized and costs relatingrelated to holding the assets are charged to non-interest expense. Property is evaluated regularly to ensure the recorded amount is supported by its current fair value and valuation allowances.

Business combinations
Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method the acquiring entity in a business combination recognizes all of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. To the extent the fair value of net assets acquired, including identified intangible assets, exceeds the purchase price, a bargain purchase gain is recognized. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contingencies must also be recognized at fair value, if the fair value can be determined during the measurement period. Results of operations of an acquired business are included in the statement of earnings from the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related costs, including conversion and restructuring charges, are expensed as incurred.
Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses interest-rate swaps to mitigate interest-rate risk associated with changes to (1)1) the fair value of certain fixed-rate financial instruments (fair value hedges) and (2)2) certain cash flows related to future interest payments on variable rate financial instruments (cash flow hedges).

The Company recognizes derivatives as assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value in accordance with FASB ASC 815,Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and, further, on the type of hedging relationship. On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the Company designates the derivative as a fair value hedge or cash flow hedge. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or liability attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges.

For a fair value hedge, the change in the fair value of the derivative instrument is recognized in earnings.non-interest income in the Consolidated Income Statement. For a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”)AOCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portion of the change in fair value of a cash flow hedge is recognized immediately in non-interest income in the Consolidated Income Statement. Under both the fair value and cash flow hedge scenarios, changes in the fair value of derivatives not considered to be highly effective in hedging the change in fair value or the expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized in earnings as non-interest income during the period of the change.

The Company documents its hedge relationships, including identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transaction at the time the derivative contract is executed. Both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, the Company assesses whether the derivatives used in hedging transactions are highly effective (as defined in the guidance) in offsetting changes in either the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item. Retroactive effectiveness is assessed, as well as the continued expectation that the hedge will remain effective prospectively. The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it is determined that a hedge is no longer highly effective. When hedge accounting is discontinued on a fair value hedge that no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, the derivative continues to be reported at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, but the carrying amount of the hedged item is no longer adjusted for future changes in fair value. The adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item that existed at the date hedge accounting is discontinued is amortized over the remaining life of the hedged item into earnings.

Derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges per the accounting guidance are reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognized in earnings as non-interest income during the period of change.


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The Company occasionally purchases a financial instrument or originates a loan that contains an embedded derivative instrument. Upon purchasing the instrument or originating the loan, the Company assesses whether the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the remaining component of the financial instrument (i.e., the host contract) and whether a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded instrument would meet the definition of a derivative instrument. When it is determined that (1)1) the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract, and (2)2) a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is separated from the host contract and carried at fair value. However, in cases where (1)1) the host contract is measured at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in current earnings, or (2)2) the Company is unable to reliably identify and measure an embedded derivative for separation from its host contract, the entire contract is carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value and is not designated as a hedging instrument.

Commitments and letters of credit

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements when they become payable. The credit risk associated with these commitments is evaluated in a manner similar to the allowance for credit losses.

Income taxes

The Company and its subsidiaries, other than BW Real Estate, Inc., file a consolidated federal tax return. Due to tax regulations, several items of income and expense are recognized in different periods for tax return purposes than for financial reporting purposes. These items represent “temporarytemporary differences. Deferred taxes are provided on an asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and tax credit carry-forwardscarryovers and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences areA temporary difference is the differencesdifference between the reported amountsamount of assetsan asset or liability and liabilities and theirits tax bases. Deferredbasis. A deferred tax assets areasset is reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of Management,management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effect of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Fair values of financial instruments

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities. ASC 820 establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The Company uses various valuation approaches, including market, income and/or cost approaches. FASB ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would consider in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs, as follows:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, prepayment speeds, volatilities, etc.) or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market.

Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques where one or more significant inputs are not observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques may include use of matrix pricing, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

The availability of observable inputs varies based on the nature of the specific financial instrument. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability, rather than an entity-specific measure. When market assumptions are available, FASB ASC 820 requires the Company

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to make assumptions regarding the assumptions that market participants would use to estimate the fair value of the financial instrument at the measurement date.

FASB ASC 825,Financial Instruments(“ASC 825”), requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value.

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction at September 30, 2013 orMarch 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012.2013. The estimated fair value amounts for September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013 have been measured as of period-end, and have not been reevaluated or updated for purposes of these Consolidated Financial Statements subsequent to those dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the reporting date may be different than the amounts reported at the period-end.

The information in Note 11, “Fair"Note 11. Fair Value Accounting,”Accounting" in these Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only required for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities.

Due to the wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimate, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies or banks may not be meaningful.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents

The carrying amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for cash and due from banks approximate their fair value.

Money market and certificates of deposit investments

The carrying amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for money market investments approximate their fair value.

Investment securities

The fair values of U.S. Treasuries, corporate bonds,debt securities, mutual funds, and exchange-listed preferred stock are based on quoted market prices and are categorized as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair valuevalues of other investment securities were determined based on matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique that utilizes observable market inputs including, for example, yield curves, credit ratings and prepayment speeds. Fair values determined using matrix pricing are generally categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company owns certain collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”)CDOs for which quoted prices are not available. Quoted prices for similar assets are also not available for these investment securities. In order to determine the fair value of these securities, the Company has estimated the future cash flows and discount rate using observable market inputsthird party quotes adjusted based on assumptions regarding the adjustments a market participant would assume necessary for each specific security. As a result of the lack of an active market, the resulting fair values have been categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Restricted stock

The Company’s subsidiary banks are members

WAB is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”)FHLB system and maintainmaintains an investment in capital stock of the FHLB. The Company’s subsidiary banksWAB also maintainmaintains an investment in theirits primary correspondent bank. These investments are carried at cost since no ready market exists for them, and they have no quoted market value. The Company conducts a periodic review and evaluation of its FHLB stock to determine if any impairment exists. The fair values have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Loans

Fair value for loans is estimated based on discounted cash flows using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers with similar credit quality with adjustments that the Company believes a market participant would consider in determining fair value based on a third party independent valuation. As a result, the fair value for certain loans disclosed in Note 11, “Fair"Note 11. Fair Value Accounting,”Accounting" of these Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

hierarchy, excluding impaired loans that are categorized as Level 3.


17


Accrued interest receivable and payable

The carrying amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for accrued interest receivable and payable approximate their fair value. Accrued interest receivable and payable fair value measurements are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative financial instruments

All derivatives are recognized in the Consolidated Balance SheetSheets at their fair value. The fair value for derivatives is determined based on market prices, broker-dealer quotations on similar products or other related input parameters. As a result, the fair values have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Deposits

The fair value disclosed for demand and savings deposits is by definition equal to the amount payable on demand at their reporting date (that is, their carrying amount), which the Company believes a market participant would consider in determining fair value. The carrying amount for variable-rate deposit accounts approximates their fair value. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on these deposits. The fair value measurement of the deposit liabilities disclosed in Note 11, “Fair"Note 11. Fair Value Accounting,”Accounting" of these Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings

The fair values of the Company’s borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on the market rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The FHLB advances have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy due to their short durations. The other borrowings have been categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Junior subordinated debt

Junior subordinated debt and subordinated debt are valued by comparing interest rates and spreads to benchmark indices offered to institutions with similar credit profilesan index relative to the Companyten year treasury rate and discounting the contractual cash flows on the Company’sCompany's debt using these market rates. The junior subordinated debt has been categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Off-balance sheet instruments

Fair values for the Company’s off-balance sheet instruments (lending commitments and standby letters of credit) are based on quoted fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In January 2013, the FASB issued guidance within Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-01,Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. The amendments in ASU 2013-01 to Topic 210,Balance Sheet,clarify that the scope of ASU 2011-11,Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, would apply to derivatives, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, repurchase and reverse agreements, and securities borrowing and lending transactions that are either offset or subject to a master netting arrangement. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Income Statement, Consolidated Balance Sheet, or Consolidated Cash Flows.

In February 2013, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2013-02,Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in ASU 2013-02 to Topic 220,Comprehensive Income,update, supersede and replace the presentation requirements for reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income in ASUs 2011-05 and 2011-12. The amendments require an entity to provide additional information about reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments are effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Income Statement, Consolidated Balance Sheet, or Consolidated Cash Flows and only impacted the presentation of other comprehensive income in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2013, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2013-04,Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation is Fixed at the Reporting Date. The amendments in ASU 2013-04 to Topic 405,Liabilities,provide guidance for the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation within the scope of the Update is fixed at the reporting date, except for obligations addressed with existing GAAP. The guidance requires an entity to measure those obligations as the sum of the amount the reporting entity agreed to pay on behalf of its co-obligors. The guidance also requires an entity to disclose the nature and amount of the obligation, as well as other information about those obligations. The amendment is effective retrospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance isdid not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Income Statement, Consolidated Balance Sheet, or Consolidated Cash Flows.Financial Statements.

In July 2013, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2013-11,Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists. The amendments in ASU 2013-11 to Topic 740,Income Taxes, provide guidance on the financial statement presentation of unrecognized tax benefits when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists. The amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In January 2014, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2014-01, Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects. The amendments in ASU 2014-01 to Topic 323, Equity Investments and Joint Ventures, provide guidance on accounting for investments by a reporting entity in flow-through limited liability entities that manage or invest in affordable

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housing projects that qualify for the low-income housing tax credit. The amendments permit reporting entities to make an accounting policy election to account for their investments in qualified affordable housing projects using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. Under the proportional amortization method, an entity amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognizes the net investment performance in the income statement as a component of income tax expense (benefit). The amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 31, 2014 and should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented, with early adoption permitted. All of the Company's LIHTC investments are within the scope of this guidance and the Company has adopted this amended guidance beginning on January 1, 2014. As a result, prior period financial information has been adjusted to conform to the amended guidance. See "Note 10. Income Taxes" for the impact that adoption had on the Company's financial condition and results of operations as well as additional disclosures required under these amendments. The adoption of this amended guidance did not have a significant impact on the Company's cash flows.
In January 2014, the FASB issued guidance within ASU 2014-04, Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure. The objective of the amendments in ASU 2014-04 to Topic 310, Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, is to clarify when an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs, that is, when a creditor should be considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan such that the loan receivable should be derecognized and the real estate property recognized. The amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 31, 2014. An entity can elect to adopt the amendments using either a modified retrospective transition method or a prospective transition method. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

2. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

Acquisitions

On April 30, 2013, the Company completed its acquisition


19

Table of Centennial Bank (“Centennial”). Under the terms of the merger, the Company paid $57.5 million in cash for all equity interests in Centennial. The Company merged Centennial into WAB effective April 30, 2013, reporting combined assets for the resulting bank of $3.16 billion and deposits of $2.76 billion. The merger was undertaken, in part, because the purchase price of Centennial was at a discount to its tangible book value and was accretive to capital at close of the transaction.

Centennial’s results of operations are included in the Company’s results beginning April 30, 2013. Merger / restructure expenses related to the Centennial acquisition of $0.2 million and $2.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, have been included in non-interest expense, of which, $1.0 million are acquisition related costs as defined by ASC 805. The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805. Assets purchased and liabilities assumed were all recorded at their respective acquisition date fair values. A bargain purchase gain of $10.0 million resulted from the acquisition and is included as a component of non-interest income in the Consolidated Income Statement. The amount of gain is equal to the amount by which the estimated fair value of net assets purchased exceeded the consideration paid. Pursuant to the terms of the transaction, $12.7 million in loan receivables were not acquired by the Company.

The recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are as follows:

   (in thousands) 

Assets:

  

Cash and cash equivalents(1)

  $70,349  

Federal funds sold(1)

   8,355  

Investment securities - avaialable-for-sale

   26,014  

Loans

   351,474  

Deferred tax assets, net

   21,666  

Premises and equipment

   44  

Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   5,622  

Other assets

   6,007  
  

 

 

 

Total assets acquired

   489,531  
  

 

 

 

Liabilities:

  

Deposits

   338,811  

FHLB advances

   79,943  

Other liabilities

   3,233  

Total liabilities assumed

  $421,987  
  

 

 

 

Net assets acquired

   67,544  
  

 

 

 

Consideration paid(1)

   57,500  
  

 

 

 

Bargain purchase gain from acquisition

  $10,044  
  

 

 

 

(1)

Cash acquired, net of cash consideration paid of $57.5 million represents the net cash and cash equivalents acquired of $21.2 million as part of the acquisition.

The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are subject to adjustment during the first twelve months after the acquisition date if additional information becomes available to indicate a more accurate or appropriate value for an asset or liability. Accordingly, the estimated fair value of net assets are preliminary and subject to measurement period adjustments. Assets that are particularly susceptible to adjustment include certain loans and other assets acquired through foreclosure. However, these adjustments are not expected to be significant. The fair value of net assets acquired includes fair value adjustments to certain receivables that were not considered impaired as of the acquisition date. The fair value adjustments were determined using discounted contractual cash flows. However, the Company believes that all contractual cash flows related to these financial instruments will be collected. As such, these receivables were not considered impaired at the acquisition date and were not subject to the guidance relating to acquired loans which have shown evidence of credit deterioration since origination.

On October 17, 2012, the Company acquired Western Liberty Bancorp (“Western Liberty”), which included two wholly owned subsidiaries, Service 1st Bank of Nevada and LVSP. Service 1st Bank of Nevada was merged into the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, BON, effective October 19, 2012. LVSP remains a wholly owned subsidiary of WAL.

The following table presents pro forma information as if the Centennial and Western Liberty acquisitions had occurred as of January 1, 2012. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations as they would have been had the transactions been effected on the assumed dates.

   Three Months Ended
September 30,
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   2013   2012   2013   2012 
   (in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Net Interest income (1)

  $81,093    $85,151    $238,430    $254,535  

Non Interest income (2)

   2,625     8,138     7,468     22,147  

Net income (3)

   25,820     13,549     69,435     36,012  

Earnings per share—basic

  $0.30    $0.17    $0.81    $0.44  

Earnings per share—diluted

  $0.30    $0.16    $0.80    $0.44  

(1)Excludes accretion (or amortization) of fair market value adjustments for loans, deposits and other borrowings advances of $3,466 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and $10,285 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
(2)Excludes bargain purchase gain of $10,044 related to the Centennial acquisition.
(3)Excludes merger / restructure related costs incurred by the Company($181 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and $2,660 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013) and Centennial ($0 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and $1,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013) and footnotes 1 and 2 noted above as well as the related tax effects.

Discontinued Operations

The Company has discontinued its affinity credit card business, PartnersFirst, and has presented these activities as discontinued operations. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the outstanding credit card loans held for sale were $25.4 million and $31.1 million, respectively. As discussed in Note 14, “Subsequent Events,” certain receivables in this portfolio were sold on October 1, 2013.

The following table summarizes the operating results of the discontinued operations for the periods indicated:

   Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,  September 30, 
   2013  2012  2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Operating revenue

  $1,105   $315   $3,376   $947  

Non-interest expenses

   (1,155  (734  (3,653  (2,130
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

   (50  (419  (277  (1,183

Income tax benefit

   (21  (176  (117  (497
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net loss

  $(29 $(243 $(160 $(686
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

3.Contents


2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Carrying amounts and fair values of investment securities at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013 are summarized as follows:

   September 30, 2013 
       Gross   Gross    
   Amortized   Unrealized   Unrealized  Fair 
   Cost   Gains   (Losses)  Value 
   (in thousands) 

Held-to-maturity

  

Collateralized debt obligations

  $50    $578    $—     $628  

Corporate bonds

   97,778     647     (4,586  93,839  

Municipal obligations

   189,680     3,531     (1,735  191,476  

Other

   1,600     —       —      1,600  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 
  $289,108    $4,756    $(6,321 $287,543  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

       OTTI            
       Recognized            
       in Other   Gross   Gross    
   Amortized   Comprehensive   Unrealized   Unrealized  Fair 
   Cost   Income   Gains   (Losses)  Value 
   (in thousands) 

Available-for-sale

  

U.S. government sponsored agency securities

  $28,694    $—      $—      $(1,317 $27,377  

Municipal obligations

   110,081     —       302     (4,838  105,545  

Adjustable-rate preferred stock

   66,093     —       864     (5,568  61,389  

Mutual funds

   32,422     —       123     (222  32,323  

Direct U.S. obligations and GSE residential mortgage-backed securities

   769,983     —       5,748     (7,253  768,478  

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities

   27,683     —       8     (1,544  26,147  

Trust preferred securities

   32,000     —       —       (8,166  23,834  

CRA investments

   23,703     —       —       (403  23,300  

Collateralized mortgage-backed securities

   5,283     —       210     —      5,493  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 
  $1,095,942    $—      $7,255    $(29,311 $1,073,886  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Measured at fair value

         

Direct U.S. obligations and GSE residential mortgage-backed securities

  

     $3,621  
         

 

 

 

   December 31, 2012 
       Gross   Gross    
   Amortized   Unrealized   Unrealized  Fair 
   Cost   Gains   (Losses)  Value 
   (in thousands) 

Held-to-maturity

       

Collateralized debt obligations

  $50    $1,401    $—     $1,451  

Corporate bonds

   97,781     984     (6,684  92,081  

Municipal obligations

   191,902     5,887     (102  197,687  

CRA investments

   1,600     —       —      1,600  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 
  $291,333    $8,272    $(6,786 $292,819  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

       OTTI           
       Recognized           
       in Other  Gross   Gross    
   Amortized   Comprehensive  Unrealized   Unrealized  Fair 
   Cost   Income  Gains   (Losses)  Value 
   (in thousands) 

Available-for-sale

        

Municipal obligations

  $71,777    $—     $1,578    $(184 $73,171  

Adjustable-rate preferred stock

   72,717     —      3,591     (753  75,555  

Mutual funds

   36,314     —      1,647     —      37,961  

Direct U.S. obligations and GSE residential mortgage-backed securities

   648,641     —      14,573     (10  663,204  

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities

   35,868     (1,811  2,067     (517  35,607  

Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities

   5,365     —      376     —      5,741  

Trust preferred securities

   32,000     —      —       (7,865  24,135  

CRA investments

   23,368     —      848     —      24,216  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 
  $926,050    $(1,811 $24,680    $(9,329 $939,590  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 
Measured at fair value        

Direct U.S. obligations and GSE residential mortgage-backed securities (3)

  

      $5,061  
        

 

 

 

During the second quarter 2013, a private label mortgage-backed security with a $1.8 million balance

  March 31, 2014
Held-to-maturity 
Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized Gains
 Gross
Unrealized (Losses)
 
Fair
Value
  (in thousands)
Collateralized debt obligations $50
 $4,869
 $
 $4,919
Corporate debt securities 97,776
 821
 (3,156) 95,441
Municipal obligations 177,912
 4,490
 (1,279) 181,123
Total HTM securities $275,738
 $10,180
 $(4,435) $281,483
Available-for-sale Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized Gains
 Gross
Unrealized (Losses)
 Fair
Value
  (in thousands)
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities $59,112
 $
 $(1,440) $57,672
Municipal obligations 121,242
 1,048
 (3,412) 118,878
Preferred stock 75,902
 1,313
 (3,268) 73,947
Mutual funds 37,422
 256
 (435) 37,243
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 989,705
 5,799
 (8,097) 987,407
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs 2,088
 
 (54) 2,034
Private label residential MBS 37,611
 30
 (2,026) 35,615
Private label commercial MBS 5,225
 187
 
 5,412
Trust preferred securities 32,000
 
 (7,272) 24,728
CRA investments 23,912
 
 (415) 23,497
Total AFS securities $1,384,219
 $8,633
 $(26,419) $1,366,433
         
Securities measured at fair value        
Residential MBS issued by GSEs     $2,460
Private label residential MBS     483
Total securities measured at fair value       $2,943

20

Table of OTTI recognized in other comprehensive income was sold. Accordingly, there is no OTTI balance recognized in other comprehensive income as of September 30, 2013. Contents

  December 31, 2013
Held-to-maturity Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized Gains
 Gross
Unrealized (Losses)
 Fair
Value
  (in thousands)
Collateralized debt obligations $50
 $1,346
 $
 $1,396
Corporate debt securities 97,777
 775
 (3,826) 94,726
Municipal obligations 183,579
 2,773
 (2,370) 183,982
CRA investments 1,600
 
 
 1,600
Total HTM securities $283,006
 $4,894
 $(6,196) $281,704
Available-for-sale Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized Gains
 Gross
Unrealized (Losses)
 Fair
Value
  (in thousands)
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities $49,110
 $
 $(2,135) $46,975
Municipal obligations 121,671
 316
 (6,322) 115,665
Preferred stock 68,110
 853
 (7,479) 61,484
Mutual funds 37,423
 93
 (984) 36,532
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 1,028,402
 5,567
 (12,548) 1,021,421
Private label residential MBS 38,250
 
 (2,151) 36,099
Private label commercial MBS 5,252
 181
 
 5,433
Trust preferred securities 32,000
 
 (8,195) 23,805
CRA investments 23,830
 
 (548) 23,282
Total AFS securities $1,404,048
 $7,010
 $(40,362) $1,370,696
         
Securities measured at fair value        
Residential MBS issued by GSEs    $3,036
For additional information on the fair value changes of the securities measured at fair value, see the trading securities table in Note 11, “Fair"Note 11. Fair Value Accounting.”

Accounting" of these Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company conducts an OTTI analysis on a quarterly basis. The initial indication of OTTI for both debt and equity securities is a decline in the market value below the amount recorded for an investment, andtaking into account the severity and duration of the decline. Another potential indication of OTTI is a downgrade below investment grade. In determining whether an impairment is OTTI, the Company considers the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been below cost, recent events specific to the issuer, including investment downgrades by rating agencies and economic conditions of its industry, and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery. For marketable equity securities, the Company also considers the issuer’s financial condition, capital strength and near-term prospects.

For debt securities and adjustable-rate preferred stock (“ARPS”)for ARPS that are treated as debt securities for the purpose of OTTI analysis, the Company also considers the cause of the price decline (general level of interest rates and industry-industry and issuer-specificissuer specific factors), the issuer’s financial condition, near-term prospects and current ability to make future payments in a timely manner, the issuer’s ability to service debt, and any change in agencies’ ratings at evaluation date from acquisition date and any likely imminent action. For ARPS with a fair value below cost that is not attributable to the credit deterioration of the issuer, such as a decline in cash flows from the security or a downgrade in the security’s rating below investment grade, the Company does not recognize an OTTI charge where determinesit is able to assert that it has the intent and ability to retain its investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

Gross unrealized losses at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are primarily caused by interest rate fluctuations, credit spread widening and reduced liquidity in applicable markets.

The Company has reviewed securities on which there is an unrealized loss in accordance with its accounting policy for OTTI described above and determined that there were no securities impairment charges needed for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and 2012.

2013.

The Company does not consider any other securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012.2013. No assurance can be made that additional OTTI will not occur in future periods.


21

Table of Contents

Information pertaining to securities with gross unrealized losses at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position follows:

  September 30, 2013 
  Less Than Twelve Months  More Than Twelve Months  Total 
  Gross     Gross     Gross    
  Unrealized  Fair  Unrealized  Fair  Unrealized  Fair 
  Losses  Value  Losses  Value  Losses  Value 
  (in thousands) 

Held-to-maturity

      

Corporate bonds

 $—     $—     $4,586   $80,414   $4,586   $80,414  

Municipal obligations

  1,735    41,505    —      —      1,735    41,505  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
 $1,735   $41,505   $4,586   $80,414   $6,321   $121,919  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Available-for-sale

  

U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities

 $1,317   $17,377   $—     $—     $1,317   $17,377  

Adjustable-rate preferred stock

  5,568    43,599    —      —      5,568    43,599  

Mutual funds

  222    25,862    —      —      222    25,862  

Direct U.S obligations and GSE residential mortgage-backed securities

  7,242    358,092    11    1,528    7,253    359,620  

Municipal obligations

  4,838    79,308    —      —      4,838    79,308  

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities

  1,500    20,322    44    3,460    1,544    23,782  

Trust preferred securities

  —      —      8,166    23,834    8,166    23,834  

Other

  403    23,299    —      —      403    23,299  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
 $21,090   $567,859   $8,221   $28,822   $29,311   $596,681  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  December 31, 2012 
  Less Than Twelve Months  More Than Twelve Months  Total 
  Gross     Gross     Gross    
  Unrealized  Fair  Unrealized  Fair  Unrealized  Fair 
  Losses  Value  Losses  Value  Losses  Value 
  (in thousands) 

Held-to-maturity

      

Corporate bonds

 $206   $14,794   $6,478   $63,522   $6,684   $78,316  

Municipal obligations

  102    10,908    —      —      102    10,908  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
 $308   $25,702   $6,478   $63,522   $6,786   $89,224  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Available-for-sale

  

Adjustable-rate preferred stock

 $110   $7,811   $643   $8,723   $753   $16,534  

Mutual funds

  —      —      —      —      —      —    

Corporate bonds

  —      —      —      —      —      —    

Direct U.S obligations and GSE residential mortgage-backed securities

  2    557    8    1,938    10    2,495  

Municipal obligations

  184    15,713    —      —      184    15,713  

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities

  120    16,901    397    6,986    517    23,887  

Trust preferred securities

  —      —      7,865    24,135    7,865    24,135  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
 $416   $40,982   $8,913   $41,782   $9,329   $82,764  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  March 31, 2014
  Less Than Twelve Months More Than Twelve Months Total
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
  (in thousands)
Held-to-maturity  
Corporate debt securities $
 $
 $3,156
 $71,844
 $3,156
 $71,844
Municipal obligations 480
 17,233
 799
 8,486
 1,279
 25,719
Total HTM securities $480
 $17,233
 $3,955
 $80,330
 $4,435
 $97,563
             
Available-for-sale            
U.S. government sponsored agency securities $298
 $40,117
 $1,142
 $17,555
 $1,440
 $57,672
Preferred stock 3,268
 36,712
 
 
 3,268
 36,712
Mutual funds 435
 25,648
 
 
 435
 25,648
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 7,247
 489,288
 850
 13,788
 8,097
 503,076
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs 54
 2,034
 
 
 54
 2,034
Municipal obligations 1,290
 46,367
 2,122
 20,761
 3,412
 67,128
Private label residential MBS 1,986
 29,349
 40
 3,393
 2,026
 32,742
Trust preferred securities 
 
 7,272
 24,728
 7,272
 24,728
CRA investments 415
 23,442
 
 
 415
 23,442
Total AFS securities $14,993
 $692,957
 $11,426
 $80,225
 $26,419
 $773,182
  December 31, 2013
  Less Than Twelve Months Over Twelve Months Total
  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
  (in thousands)
Held-to-maturity        
Corporate debt securities $163
 $9,837
 $3,663
 $71,337
 $3,826
 $81,174
Municipal obligations 1,624
 50,740
 746
 5,102
 2,370
 55,842
Total HTM securities $1,787
 $60,577
 $4,409
 $76,439
 $6,196
 $137,016
             
Available-for-sale            
U.S. government sponsored agency securities $2,135
 $46,976
 $
 $
 $2,135
 $46,976
Preferred stock 7,479
 44,637
 
 
 7,479
 44,637
Mutual funds 984
 30,101
 
 
 984
 30,101
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 11,934
 601,756
 614
 8,984
 12,548
 610,740
Municipal obligations 3,545
 72,300
 2,777
 17,923
 6,322
 90,223
Private label residential MBS 2,009
 32,517
 142
 3,583
 2,151
 36,100
Trust preferred securities 
 
 8,195
 23,807
 8,195
 23,807
Other 548
 23,823
 
 
 548
 23,823
Total AFS securities $28,634
 $852,110
 $11,728
 $54,297
 $40,362
 $906,407
At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company’s unrealized losses relate primarily to interest rate fluctuations, credit spread widening and reduced liquidity in applicable markets. The total number of securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 was 202,192, compared to 66252 at December 31, 2012.2013. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, Management management

22

Table of Contents

considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred and industry analysis reports. Since material downgrades have not occurred and Managementmanagement does not intend to sell the debt securities forin the foreseeable future, none of the securities described in the above table or in this paragraph were deemed to be other than temporarily impaired.

At September 30, 2013 and DecemberMarch 31, 2012,2014, the grossnet unrealized loss on trust preferred securities classified as AFS was $7.3 million, compared with $8.2 million and $7.9 million, respectively.at December 31, 2013. The Company actively monitors its debt and other structured securities portfolios classified as AFS for declines in fair value. At September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, the gross unrealized loss on the corporate bond portfolio classified as HTM was $4.6$3.2 million, compared to $6.7$3.8 million at December 31, 2012. During the prior year, the Federal Reserve announced2013. The FRB continues to express its intention to keep interest rates at historically low levels into 2015. The yields of most of the bonds in the portfolio are tied to LIBOR, thus negatively affecting their anticipated returns. Additionally, Moody’s had downgraded certain bonds held in the portfolio during 2012. However, all of the bonds remain investment grade.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities as of September 30, 2013 and DecemberMarch 31, 2012,2014, by contractual maturities, are shown below. The actual maturities of the mortgage-backed securitiesMBS may differ from their contractual maturities because the loans underlying the securities may be repaid without any penalties due to borrowers that have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. TheseTherefore, these securities are includedlisted separately in the after ten years category in the following table.

   September 30, 2013   December 31, 2012 
   Amortized   Estimated   Amortized   Estimated 
   Cost   Fair Value   Cost   Fair Value 
   (in thousands) 

Held-to-maturity

        

Due in one year or less

  $2,517    $2,534    $1,600    $1,600  

After one year through five years

   15,400     15,760     13,596     13,934  

After five years through ten years

   147,897     144,898     121,238     116,020  

After ten years

   123,294     124,351     154,899     161,265  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $289,108    $287,543    $291,333    $292,819  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Available-for-sale

        

Due in one year or less

  $56,226    $55,725    $65,190    $67,794  

After one year through five years

   23,694     24,216     24,261     25,906  

After five years through ten years

   34,019     32,661     8,165     8,000  

After ten years (1)

   982,003     961,284     828,434     837,890  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $1,095,942    $1,073,886    $926,050    $939,590  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)Includes mortgage-backed securities.

maturity summary. 

  March 31, 2014
  
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
  (in thousands)
Held-to-Maturity  
Due in one year or less $3,608
 $3,673
After one year through five years 17,596
 18,191
After five years through ten years 146,688
 145,735
After ten years 107,846
 113,884
Total HTM $275,738
 $281,483
     
Available-for-Sale    
Due in one year or less $66,543
 $65,949
After one year through five years 16,920
 17,513
After five years through ten years 64,404
 63,021
After ten years 201,723
 189,482
Mortgage backed securities 1,034,629
 1,030,468
Total AFS $1,384,219
 $1,366,433

23

Table of Contents

The following table summarizestables summarize the carrying amounts of the Company’s investment ratings position as of September 30,March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

  As of September 30, 2013 
  AAA  Split-rated
AAA/AA+
  AA+ to AA-  A+ to A-  BBB+ to BBB-  BB+ and below  Totals 
  (in thousands) 

Municipal obligations

 $8,006   $—     $130,149   $149,477   $7,323   $270   $295,225  

Direct U.S. obligations & GSE residential mortgage-backed securities

  —      772,098    —      —      —      —      772,098  

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities

  12,396    —      151    5,563    4,145    3,892    26,147  

Mutual funds (3)

  —      —      —      —      32,323    —      32,323  

U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities

  —      27,377    —      —      —      —      27,377  

Adjustable-rate preferred stock

  —      —      —      —      45,970    13,371    59,341  

Trust preferred securities

  —      —      —      —      23,834    —      23,834  

Collateralized debt obligations

  —      —      —      —      —      50    50  

Corporate bonds

  —      —      2,697    40,105    54,976    —      97,778  

Collarteralized mortgage-backed securities

  5,493    —      —      —      —      —      5,493  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total (1) (2)

 $25,895   $799,475   $132,997   $195,145   $168,571   $17,583   $1,339,666  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  As of March 31, 2014
  AAA 
Split-rated
AAA/AA+
 AA+ 
to AA-
 A+ to A- BBB+ 
to BBB-
 BB+ 
and below
 Totals
  (in thousands)
Municipal obligations $7,928
 $
 $131,355
 $150,004
 $7,288
 $215
 $296,790
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 
 989,867
 
 
 
 
 989,867
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs 
 2,034
 
 
 
 
 2,034
Private label residential MBS 23,343
 
 107
 4,143
 5,028
 3,477
 36,098
Private label commercial MBS 5,412
 
 
 
 
 
 5,412
Mutual funds (3) 
 
 
 
 37,243
 
 37,243
U.S. government sponsored agency 
 57,672
 
 
 
 
 57,672
Preferred stock 
 
 
 
 46,452
 19,385
 65,837
Trust preferred securities 
 
 
 
 24,728
 
 24,728
Collateralized debt obligations 
 
 
 
 
 50
 50
Corporate debt securities 
 
 2,698
 25,098
 69,980
 
 97,776
Total (1) (2) $36,683
 $1,049,573
 $134,160
 $179,245
 $190,719
 $23,127
 $1,613,507

(1)The Company used the average credit rating of the combination of S&P, Moody’s and Fitch in the above table where ratings differed.
(2)Securities values are shown at carrying value as of September 30, 2013.March 31, 2014. Unrated securities consist of CRA investments with a carrying value of $23.3$23.5 million ARPSand preferred stock with a carrying value of $2.0 million and an other investment of $1.6$8.1 million.
(3)At least 80% of mutual funds are investment grade corporate bonds.debt securities.

The following table summarizes the Company’s investment ratings position as of December 31, 2012:

  As of December 31, 2012 
  AAA  Split-rated
AAA/AA+
  AA+ to AA-  A+ to A-  BBB+ to BBB-  BB+ and below  Totals 
  (in thousands) 

Municipal obligations

 $8,120   $—     $149,352   $92,401   $14,922   $278   $265,073  

Direct U.S. obligations & GSE residential mortgage-backed securities

  —      668,265    —      —      —      —      668,265  

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities

  15,219    —      1,649    6,069    5,249    7,421    35,607  

Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities

  5,741    —      —      —      —      —      5,741  

Mutual funds (3)

  —      —      —      —      37,961    —      37,961  

U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities

  —      —      —      —      —      —      —    

Adjustable-rate preferred stock

  —      —      826    —      60,807    10,838    72,471  

Trust preferred securities

  —      —      —      —      24,135    —      24,135  

Collateralized debt obligations

  —      —      —      —      —      50    50  

Corporate bonds

  —      —      2,696    40,116    54,969    —      97,781  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total (1) (2)

 $29,080   $668,265   $154,523   $138,586   $198,043   $18,587   $1,207,084  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  December 31, 2013
  AAA Split-rated
AAA/AA+
 AA+ 
to AA-
 A+ to A- BBB+ 
to BBB-
 BB+ 
and below
 Totals
  (in thousands)
Municipal obligations $7,965
 $
 $129,810
 $153,949
 $7,305
 $215
 $299,244
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 
 1,024,457
 
 
 
 
 1,024,457
Private label residential MBS 23,646
 
 125
 4,101
 4,625
 3,602
 36,099
Private label commercial MBS 5,433
 
 
 
 
 
 5,433
Mutual funds (3) 
 
 
 
 36,532
 
 36,532
U.S. government sponsored agency 
 46,975
 
 
 
 
 46,975
Preferred stock 
 
 
 
 45,847
 13,244
 59,091
Trust preferred securities 
 
 
 
 23,805
 
 23,805
Collateralized debt obligations 
 
 
 
 
 50
 50
Corporate debt securities 
 
 2,697
 35,102
 59,978
 
 97,777
Total (1) (2) $37,044
 $1,071,432
 $132,632
 $193,152
 $178,092
 $17,111
 $1,629,463
(1)The Company used the average credit rating of the combination of S&P, Moody’s and Fitch in the above table where ratings differed.
(2)
Securities values are shown at carrying value as of December 31, 2012.2013. Unrated securities consist of CRA investments with a carrying value of $24.2$23.3 million, one ARPS security with a carrying value of $3.1$2.4 million and an other investment of $1.6 million.
(3)At least 80% of mutual funds are investment grade corporate bonds.debt securities.

Securities with carrying amounts of approximately $638.5$739.2 million and $711.7$662.5 million at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, respectively, were pledged for various purposes as required or permitted by law.


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The following table presents gross gains and (losses)losses on sales of investment securities:

   Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,  September 30, 
   2013  2012  2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Gross gains

  $602   $1,073   $870   $2,786  

Gross (losses)

   (2,281  (42  (2,407  (284
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  $(1,679 $1,031   $(1,537 $2,502  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

4.

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands)
Gross gains $366
 $200
Gross losses 
 (53)
Net gains $366
 $147
3. LOANS, LEASES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The composition of the Company’s loans held for investmentloan portfolio is as follows:

   September 30,  December 31, 
   2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial and industrial

  $1,990,568   $1,659,003  

Commercial real estate—non-owner occupied

   1,864,333    1,505,600  

Commercial real estate—owner occupied

   1,551,187    1,396,797  

Construction and land development

   459,764    394,319  

Residential real estate

   358,962    407,937  

Commercial leases

   244,312    288,747  

Consumer

   29,850    31,836  

Deferred fees and unearned income, net

   (8,106  (6,045
  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   6,490,870    5,678,194  

Allowance for credit losses

   (97,851  (95,427
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  $6,393,019   $5,582,767  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  (in thousands)
Commercial and industrial $2,501,499
 $2,236,740
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 1,849,211
 1,843,415
Commercial real estate - owner occupied 1,606,243
 1,561,862
Construction and land development 553,655
 537,231
Residential real estate 344,859
 350,312
Commercial leases 221,916
 235,968
Consumer 38,330
 45,153
Deferred fees and costs (7,114) (9,266)
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs 7,108,599
 6,801,415
Allowance for credit losses (103,899) (100,050)
      Total $7,004,700
 $6,701,365
The following table presents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class of loans including loans held for sale and excluding deferred fees:

   September 30, 2013 
   Current   30-59 Days
Past Due
   60-89 Days
Past Due
   Over 90 days
Past  Due
   Total
Past Due
   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

            

Owner occupied

  $1,538,589    $2,123    $—      $10,475    $12,598    $1,551,187  

Non-owner occupied

   1,629,045     1,475     12,607     7,294     21,376     1,650,421  

Multi-family

   213,912     —       —       —       —       213,912  

Commercial and industrial

            

Commercial

   1,986,782     1,094     817     1,875     3,786     1,990,568  

Leases

   243,959     —       —       353     353     244,312  

Construction and land development

            

Construction

   264,145     —       —       —       —       264,145  

Land

   194,218     56     —       1,345     1,401     195,619  

Residential real estate

   342,382     560     127     15,893     16,580     358,962  

Consumer

   54,195     309     248     511     1,068     55,263  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans

  $6,467,227    $5,617    $13,799    $37,746    $57,162    $6,524,389  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   December 31, 2012 
   Current   30-59 Days
Past Due
   60-89 Days
Past Due
   Over 90 days
Past  Due
   Total
Past Due
   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

            

Owner occupied

  $1,372,550    $13,153    $1,757    $9,337    $24,247    $1,396,797  

Non-owner occupied

   1,327,481     917     4,416     8,573     13,906     1,341,387  

Multi-family

   164,213     —       —       —       —       164,213  

Commercial and industrial

            

Commercial

   1,654,787     3,109     121     986     4,216     1,659,003  

Leases

   287,768     515     —       464     979     288,747  

Construction and land development

            

Construction

   215,597     —       —       —       —       215,597  

Land

   171,919     826     571     5,406     6,803     178,722  

Residential real estate

   387,641     3,525     1,837     14,934     20,296     407,937  

Consumer

   62,271     524     —       165     689     62,960  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans

  $5,644,227    $22,569    $8,702    $39,865    $71,136    $5,715,363  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

fees and costs:

  March 31, 2014
  Current 
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
 
Over 90 days
Past Due
 
Total
Past Due
 Total
  (in thousands)
Commercial real estate            
Owner occupied $1,597,539
 $4,416
 $996
 $3,292
 $8,704
 $1,606,243
Non-owner occupied 1,651,963
 17,824
 1,548
 6,454
 25,826
 1,677,789
Multi-family 171,422
 
 
 
 
 171,422
Commercial and industrial            
Commercial 2,499,734
 651
 216
 898
 1,765
 2,501,499
Leases 221,916
 
 
 
 
 221,916
Construction and land development            
Construction 310,599
 479
 
 
 479
 311,078
Land 241,234
 
 
 1,343
 1,343
 242,577
Residential real estate 330,550
 2,764
 4,286
 7,259
 14,309
 344,859
Consumer 37,882
 270
 11
 167
 448
 38,330
    Total loans $7,062,839
 $26,404
 $7,057
 $19,413
 $52,874
 $7,115,713

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Table of Contents

  December 31, 2013
  Current 
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
 
Over 90 days
Past Due
 
Total
Past Due
 Total
  (in thousands)
Commercial real estate            
Owner occupied $1,555,210
 $1,759
 $406
 $4,487
 $6,652
 $1,561,862
Non-owner occupied 1,627,062
 8,774
 4,847
 15,767
 29,388
 1,656,450
Multi-family 186,965
 
 
 
 
 186,965
Commercial and industrial            
Commercial 2,232,186
 1,868
 233
 2,453
 4,554
 2,236,740
Leases 235,618
 
 
 350
 350
 235,968
Construction and land development            
Construction 291,883
 
 
 
 
 291,883
Land 243,741
 264
 1,343
 
 1,607
 245,348
Residential real estate 339,566
 2,423
 1,368
 6,955
 10,746
 350,312
Consumer 44,018
 466
 155
 514
 1,135
 45,153
    Total loans $6,756,249
 $15,554
 $8,352
 $30,526
 $54,432
 $6,810,681
The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and loans past due ninety days or more and still accruing interest by class of loans:

  September 30, 2013  December 31, 2012 
           Loans past           Loans past 
  Non-accrual loans  due 90 days  Non-accrual loans  due 90 days 
     Past Due/  Total  or more and     Past Due/  Total  or more and 
  Current  Delinquent  Non-accrual  still accruing  Current  Delinquent  Non-accrual  still accruing 
  (in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

        

Owner occupied

 $10,222   $10,391   $20,613   $388   $14,392   $18,394   $32,786   $1,272  

Non-owner occupied

  12,761    12,885    25,646    4,553    18,299    8,572    26,871    —    

Multi-family

  —      —      —      —      318    —      318    —    

Commercial and industrial

        

Commercial

  1,909    2,092    4,001    4    2,549    3,194    5,743    15  

Leases

  114    353    467    —      —      979    979    —    

Construction and land development

        

Construction

  —      —      —      —      —      —      ���      —    

Land

  5,241    1,401    6,642    —      4,375    6,718    11,093    —    

Residential real estate

  3,350    15,894    19,244    —      11,561    15,161    26,722    101  

Consumer

  28    —      28    511    39    165    204    —    
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $33,625   $43,016   $76,641   $5,456   $51,533   $53,183   $104,716   $1,388  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  Non-accrual loans Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing Non-accrual loans Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing
  Current 
Past Due/
Delinquent
 
Total
Non-accrual
  Current 
Past Due/
Delinquent
 
Total
Non-accrual
 
  (in thousands)
Commercial real estate                
Owner occupied $6,663
 $4,460
 $11,123
 $
 $9,330
 $3,600
 $12,930
 $887
Non-owner occupied 15,454
 22,306
 37,760
 
 17,930
 23,996
 41,926
 
Multi-family 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial                
Commercial 1,534
 1,104
 2,638
 
 622
 2,682
 3,304
 125
Leases 432
 
 432
 
 99
 350
 449
 
Construction and land development                
Construction 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Land 2,277
 1,341
 3,618
 
 3,133
 1,392
 4,525
 
Residential real estate 2,751
 12,051
 14,802
 
 5,067
 7,413
 12,480
 47
Consumer 28
 
 28
 167
 27
 39
 66
 475
    Total $29,139
 $41,262
 $70,401
 $167
 $36,208
 $39,472
 $75,680
 $1,534
The reduction in interest income associated with loans on nonaccrual status was approximately $1.3$1.0 million and $3.8$1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $1.3 million and $4.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively.

The Company utilizes an internal asset classification system as a means of reporting problem and potential problem loans. Under the Company’s risk rating system, the Company classifies problem and potential problem loans as “Special Mention,” “Substandard,” “Doubtful,” and “Loss.” Substandard loans include those characterized by well-defined weaknesses and carry the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans classified as Doubtful, or risk rated eight, have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The final rating of Loss covers loans considered uncollectible and having such little recoverable value that it is not practical to defer writing off the asset. Loans that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories, but possess weaknesses that deserve Management’s

26

Table of Contents

management’s close attention, are deemed to be Special Mention. Risk ratings are updated, at a minimum, quarterly. The following tables present the recorded investment and delinquency status by class ofgross loans including loans held for sale and excluding deferred fees by risk rating:

   September 30, 2013 
   Pass   Special
Mention
   Substandard   Doubtful   Loss   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

            

Owner occupied

  $1,465,697    $35,217    $49,293    $980    $—      $1,551,187  

Non-owner occupied

   1,490,250     64,405     95,766     —       —       1,650,421  

Multi-family

   206,586     5,618     1,708     —       —       213,912  

Commercial and industrial

            

Commercial

   1,964,491     9,661     14,904     1,512     —       1,990,568  

Leases

   239,002     4,843     467     —       —       244,312  

Construction and land development

            

Construction

   256,037     8,108     —       —       —       264,145  

Land

   167,523     4,676     23,420     —       —       195,619  

Residential real estate

   324,254     3,865     30,843     —       —       358,962  

Consumer

   53,518     853     892     —       —       55,263  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $6,167,358    $137,246    $217,293    $2,492    $—      $6,524,389  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   September 30, 2013 
   Pass   Special
Mention
   Substandard   Doubtful   Loss   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Current (up to 29 days past due)

  $6,164,416    $136,297    $165,836    $678    $—      $6,467,227  

Past due 30—59 days

   2,622     378     2,617     —       —       5,617  

Past due 60—89 days

   320     571     12,908     —       —       13,799  

Past due 90 days or more

   —       —       35,932     1,814     —       37,746  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $6,167,358    $137,246    $217,293    $2,492    $—      $6,524,389  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   December 31, 2012 
   Pass   Special
Mention
   Substandard   Doubtful   Loss   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

            

Owner occupied

  $1,280,337    $50,552    $65,908    $—      $—      $1,396,797  

Non-owner occupied

   1,257,011     21,065     63,311     —       —       1,341,387  

Multi-family

   163,895     —       318     —       —       164,213  

Commercial and industrial

            

Commercial

   1,630,166     12,370     15,499     968     —       1,659,003  

Leases

   282,075     5,693     979     —       —       288,747  

Construction and land development

            

Construction

   215,395     202     —       —       —       215,597  

Land

   141,436     5,641     31,645     —       —       178,722  

Residential real estate

   365,042     7,559     32,446     2,890     —       407,937  

Consumer

   61,469     469     1,022     —       —       62,960  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $5,396,826    $103,551    $211,128    $3,858    $—      $5,715,363  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   December 31, 2012 
   Pass   Special
Mention
   Substandard   Doubtful   Loss   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Current (up to 29 days past due)

  $5,387,543    $100,549    $152,827    $3,308    $—      $5,644,227  

Past due 30—59 days

   4,410     1,310     16,849     —       —       22,569  

Past due 60—89 days

   4,450     1,692     2,560     —       —       8,702  

Past due 90 days or more

   423     —       38,892     550     —       39,865  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $5,396,826    $103,551    $211,128    $3,858    $—      $5,715,363  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

  March 31, 2014
  Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
  (in thousands)
Commercial real estate            
Owner occupied $1,525,617
 $33,638
 $46,355
 $633
 $
 $1,606,243
Non-owner occupied 1,539,862
 53,132
 84,795
 
 
 1,677,789
Multi-family 170,948
 
 474
 
 
 171,422
Commercial and industrial            
Commercial 2,474,755
 9,249
 17,495
 
 
 2,501,499
Leases 217,460
 4,024
 432
 
 
 221,916
Construction and land development            
Construction 310,599
 479
 
 
 
 311,078
Land 208,513
 13,509
 20,555
 
 
 242,577
Residential real estate 317,513
 3,044
 24,302
 
 
 344,859
Consumer 37,515
 339
 476
 
 
 38,330
    Total $6,802,782
 $117,414
 $194,884
 $633
 $
 $7,115,713
  March 31, 2014
  Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
  (in thousands)
Current (up to 29 days past due) $6,800,191
 $115,223
 $146,792
 $633
 $
 $7,062,839
Past due 30 - 59 days 2,472
 2,090
 21,842
 
 
 26,404
Past due 60 - 89 days 119
 101
 6,837
 
 
 7,057
Past due 90 days or more 
 
 19,413
 
 
 19,413
    Total $6,802,782
 $117,414
 $194,884
 $633
 $
 $7,115,713
  December 31, 2013
  Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
  (in thousands)
Commercial real estate            
Owner occupied $1,483,190
 $33,065
 $44,649
 $958
 $
 $1,561,862
Non-owner occupied 1,498,500
 64,588
 93,362
 
 
 1,656,450
Multi-family 186,479
 
 486
 
 
 186,965
Commercial and industrial            
Commercial 2,208,947
 10,058
 16,231
 1,504
 
 2,236,740
Leases 231,344
 4,175
 449
 
 
 235,968
Construction and land development            
Construction 291,402
 481
 
 
 
 291,883
Land 210,615
 13,762
 20,971
 
 
 245,348
Residential real estate 323,333
 3,037
 23,942
 
 
 350,312
Consumer 43,516
 799
 838
 
 
 45,153
    Total $6,477,326
 $129,965
 $200,928
 $2,462
 $
 $6,810,681

27

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  December 31, 2013
  Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
  (in thousands)
Current (up to 29 days past due) $6,471,951
 $129,208
 $154,441
 $649
 $
 $6,756,249
Past due 30 - 59 days 4,205
 602
 10,747
 
 
 15,554
Past due 60 - 89 days 1,123
 155
 7,074
 
 
 8,352
Past due 90 days or more 47
 
 28,666
 1,813
 
 30,526
    Total $6,477,326
 $129,965
 $200,928
 $2,462
 $
 $6,810,681
The table below reflects recorded investment in loans classified as impaired:

   September 30,  December 31, 
   2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Impaired loans with a specific valuation allowance under ASC 310

  $20,717   $51,538  

Impaired loans without a specific valuation allowance under ASC 310

   153,514    146,617  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total impaired loans

  $174,231   $198,155  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Valuation allowance related to impaired loans

  $(5,909 $(12,866
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  (in thousands)
Impaired loans with a specific valuation allowance under FASB ASC 310 $22,127
 $25,754
Impaired loans without a specific valuation allowance under FASB ASC 310 149,135
 152,623
    Total impaired loans $171,262
 $178,377
Valuation allowance related to impaired loans $(3,925) $(5,280)
The following table presents the impaired loans by class:

   September 30,   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

    

Owner occupied

  $45,516    $58,074  

Non-owner occupied

   54,052     52,146  

Multi-family

   —       318  

Commercial and industrial

    

Commercial

   14,106     15,531  

Leases

   467     979  

Construction and land development

    

Construction

   —       —    

Land

   26,748     32,492  

Residential real estate

   32,811     37,851  

Consumer

   531     764  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $174,231    $198,155  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

An

  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  (in thousands)
Commercial real estate    
Owner occupied $35,329
 $37,902
Non-owner occupied 68,756
 73,152
Multi-family 
 
Commercial and industrial    
Commercial 15,233
 449
Leases 432
 16,892
Construction and land development    
Construction 
 
Land 22,012
 23,069
Residential real estate 29,026
 26,376
Consumer 474
 537
    Total $171,262
 $178,377
A valuation allowance for credit loss is established for an impaired loan when the fair value of the loan is less than the recorded investment. In certain cases, portions of impaired loans are charged-off to realizable value instead of establishing a valuation allowance and are included, when applicable in the table above as “Impaired loans without specific valuation allowance under FASB ASC 310.” The valuation allowance disclosed above is included in the allowance for credit losses reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012.

2013.


28

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The following table presents average investment in impaired loans by loan class:

   Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,   September 30, 
   2013   2012   2013   2012 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

        

Owner occupied

  $46,108    $61,223    $52,030    $55,881  

Non-owner occupied

   54,211     60,207     54,553     57,433  

Multi-family

   —       882     118     983  

Commercial and industrial

        

Commercial

   13,786     25,616     14,558     26,097  

Leases

   565     1,030     817     839  

Construction and land development

        

Construction

   —       —       —       1,315  

Land

   27,418     35,215     28,268     37,440  

Residential real estate

   34,616     37,814     34,972     34,567  

Consumer

   564     794     629     1,256  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $177,268    $222,781    $185,945    $215,811  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands)
Commercial real estate    
Owner occupied $36,748
 $60,065
Non-owner occupied 70,039
 52,986
Multi-family 
 230
Commercial and industrial    
Commercial 15,583
 15,088
Leases 439
 1,028
Construction and land development    
Construction 
 
Land 22,586
 29,362
Residential real estate 26,799
 37,040
Consumer 502
 705
    Total $172,696
 $196,504
The following table presents interest income on impaired loans by class:

   Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,   September 30, 
   2013   2012   2013   2012 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

        

Owner occupied

  $426    $841    $1,182    $1,696  

Non-owner occupied

   458     649     1,283     1,661  

Multi-family

   —       —       —       —    

Commercial and industrial

        

Commercial

   185     406     454     920  

Leases

   —       —       —       —    

Construction and land development

        

Construction

   —       —       —       —    

Land

   328     171     874     867  

Residential real estate

   21     78     45     199  

Consumer

   7     13     22     31  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $1,425    $2,158    $3,860    $5,374  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands)
Commercial real estate    
Owner occupied $391
 $420
Non-owner occupied 373
 404
Multi-family 
 
Commercial and industrial    
Commercial 193
 150
Leases 
 
Construction and land development    
Construction 
 
Land 261
 259
Residential real estate 157
 5
Consumer 11
 8
    Total $1,386
 $1,246
The Company is not committed to lend significant additional funds on these impaired loans.


29

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The following table summarizes nonperforming assets:

   September 30,   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
   (in thousands) 

Nonaccrual loans

  $76,641    $104,716  

Loans past due 90 days or more on accrual status

   5,456     1,388  

Troubled debt restructured loans

   87,387     84,609  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

   169,484     190,713  

Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   76,475     77,247  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total nonperforming assets

  $245,959    $267,960  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  (in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans $70,401
 $75,680
Loans past due 90 days or more on accrual status 167
 1,534
Troubled debt restructured loans 89,524
 89,576
    Total nonperforming loans 160,092
 166,790
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net 56,450
 66,719
    Total nonperforming assets $216,542
 $233,509
Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality

The following table presents information regarding the contractually required payments receivable, cash flows expected to be collected and the estimated fair value of loans acquired in the Centennial acquisition, as of April 30, 2013, the closing date of the transaction:

   April 30, 2013 
   Commercial   Residential     
   Real Estate   Real Estate   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Contractually required payments:

      

Loans with credit deterioration since origination

  $253,419    $—      $253,419  

Purchased non-credit impaired loans

   368,040     2,136     370,176  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans acquired

  $621,459    $2,136    $623,595  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows expected to be collected:

      

Loans with credit deterioration since origination

  $145,346    $—      $145,346  

Purchased non-credit impaired loans

   304,818     1,352     306,170  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans acquired

  $450,164    $1,352    $451,516  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fair value of loans acquired:

      

Loans with credit deterioration since origination

  $108,863    $—      $108,863  

Purchased non-credit impaired loans

   241,541     1,070     242,611  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans acquired

  $350,404    $1,070    $351,474  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Changes in the accretable yield for loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality are as follows:

   September 30, 2013 
   Three Months
Ended
  Nine Months
Ended
 
   (in thousands) 

Balance, at beginning of period

  $26,073   $7,072  

Addition due to acquisition

   —      22,318  

Reclassification from nonaccretable difference

   4,804    5,851  

Accretion to interest income

   (2,044  (6,408
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, at end of period

  $28,833   $28,833  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The addition during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 reflected in the above table relate to the acquisition of Centennial.

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands)
Balance, at beginning of period $28,164
 $7,072
Reclassification from non-accretable to accretable yield 1,466
 
Accretion to interest income (2,404) (2,079)
Reversal of fair value adjustments upon disposition of loans (395) 
Balance, at end of period $26,831
 $4,993
The primary drivers of reclassification from nonaccretablenon-accretable to accretable yield resulted from changes in estimated cash flows.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio type:

   For the Three Months Ended September 30, 
   Construction and  Commercial  Residential  Commercial       
   Land Development  Real Estate  Real Estate  and Industrial  Consumer  Total 
   (in thousands) 

2013

       

Beginning Balance

  $9,614   $34,583   $13,847   $37,383   $896   $96,323  

Charge-offs

   —      (864  (1,138  (544  (712  (3,258

Recoveries

   966    422    430    2,242    726    4,786  

Provision

   (533  (278  (247  354    704    —    
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $10,047   $33,863   $12,892   $39,435   $1,614   $97,851  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2012

       

Beginning Balance

  $13,378   $36,733   $16,957   $26,132   $4,312   $97,512  

Charge-offs

   (2,315  (1,470  (2,242  (4,100  (799  (10,926

Recoveries

   567    633    153    501    38    1,892  

Provision

   18    2,324    (82  5,611    1,061    8,932  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $11,648   $38,220   $14,786   $28,144   $4,612   $97,410  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   Construction and
Land Development
  Commercial
Real Estate
  Residential
Real Estate
  Commercial
and Industrial
  Consumer  Total 
   (in thousands) 

2013

       

Beginning Balance

  $10,554   $34,982   $15,237   $32,860   $1,794   $95,427  

Charge-offs

   (852  (6,142  (5,641  (3,379  (1,005  (17,019

Recoveries

   1,787    1,997    1,548    4,440    751    10,523  

Provision

   (1,442  3,026    1,748    5,514    74    8,920  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $10,047   $33,863   $12,892   $39,435   $1,614   $97,851  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2012

       

Beginning Balance

  $14,195   $35,031   $19,134   $25,535   $5,275   $99,170  

Charge-offs

   (10,587  (12,023  (5,756  (12,687  (3,571  (44,624

Recoveries

   870    2,897    765    2,695    294    7,521  

Provision

   7,170    12,315    643    12,601    2,614    35,343  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $11,648   $38,220   $14,786   $28,144   $4,612   $97,410  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  Construction and Land Development 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Residential
Real Estate
 
Commercial
and Industrial
 Consumer Total
  (in thousands)
2014            
Beginning Balance $14,519
 $32,064
 $11,640
 $39,657
 $2,170
 $100,050
Charge-offs 
 (171) (406) (1,478) (12) (2,067)
Recoveries 211
 560
 553
 922
 170
 2,416
Provision 1,970
 2,400
 (490) 392
 (772) 3,500
Ending balance $16,700
 $34,853
 $11,297
 $39,493
 $1,556
 $103,899
2013            
Beginning Balance $10,554
 $34,982
 $15,237
 $32,860
 $1,794
 $95,427
Charge-offs (614) (2,887) (2,493) (1,770) (275) (8,039)
Recoveries 701
 942
 569
 441
 14
 2,667
Provision 398
 1,864
 1,282
 2,654
 (759) 5,439
Ending balance $11,039
 $34,901
 $14,595
 $34,185
 $774
 $95,494

30

Table of Contents

The following table presents impairment method information related to loans and allowance for credit losses by loan portfolio segment:

  Commercial  Commercial                   
  Real Estate-  Real Estate-  Commercial  Residential  Construction          
  Owner  Non-Owner  and  Real  and Land  Commercial     Total 
  Occupied  Occupied  Industrial  Estate  Development  Leases  Consumer  Loans 
  (in thousands) 

Loans Held for Investment as of September 30, 2013:

        

Recorded Investment:

        

Impaired loans with an allowance recorded

 $2,440   $7,654   $2,285   $6,018   $2,178   $114   $28   $20,717  

Impaired loans with no allowance recorded

  43,076    46,398    11,821    26,793    24,570    353    503    153,514  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans individually evaluated for impairment

  45,516    54,052    14,106    32,811    26,748    467    531    174,231  

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

  1,482,207    1,709,255    1,976,080    323,942    432,521    243,845    29,319    6,197,169  

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

  23,464    101,026    382    2,209    495    —      —      127,576  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans held for investment

 $1,551,187   $1,864,333   $1,990,568   $358,962   $459,764   $244,312   $29,850   $6,498,976  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Unpaid Principal Balance

        

Impaired loans with an allowance recorded

 $2,933   $8,169   $2,498   $6,082   $2,178   $114   $28    22,002  

Impaired loans with no allowance recorded

  49,720    48,656    12,325    33,706    25,223    505    515    170,650  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans individually evaluated for impairment

  52,653    56,825    14,823    39,788    27,401    619    543    192,652  

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

  1,482,207    1,709,255    1,976,080    323,942    432,521    243,845    29,319    6,197,169  

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

  33,112    145,235    1,513    3,750    827    —      —      184,437  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

��

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans held for investment

 $1,567,972   $1,911,315   $1,992,416   $367,480   $460,749   $244,464   $29,862   $6,574,258  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Related Allowance for Credit Losses

        

Impaired loans with an allowance recorded

 $580   $810   $1,004   $2,594   $831   $86   $4    5,909  

Impaired loans with no allowance recorded

  —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —    
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans individually evaluated for impairment

  580    810    1,004    2,594    831    86    4    5,909  

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

  14,255    16,845    35,482    10,298    9,216    2,863    1,610    90,569  

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

  —      1,373    —      —      —      —      —      1,373  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans held for investment

 $14,835   $19,028   $36,486   $12,892   $10,047   $2,949   $1,614   $97,851  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  Commercial  Commercial                   
  Real Estate-  Real Estate-  Commercial  Residential  Construction          
  Owner  Non-Owner  and  Real  and Land  Commercial     Total 
  Occupied  Occupied  Industrial  Estate  Development  Leases  Consumer  Loans 
  (in thousands) 

Loans Held for Investment as of December 31, 2012:

        

Recorded Investment:

        

Impaired loans with an allowance recorded

 $13,615   $15,217   $4,700   $16,482   $844   $515   $165   $51,538  

Impaired loans with no allowance recorded

  44,459    37,247    10,831    21,369    31,648    464    599    146,617  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans individually evaluated for impairment

  58,074    52,464    15,531    37,851    32,492    979    764    198,155  

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

  1,332,185    1,440,214    1,642,313    368,034    361,074    287,768    31,072    5,462,660  

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

  6,538    12,922    1,159    2,052    753    —      —      23,424  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans held for investment

 $1,396,797   $1,505,600   $1,659,003   $407,937   $394,319   $288,747   $31,836   $5,684,239  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Unpaid Principal Balance

        

Impaired loans with an allowance recorded

 $13,634   $18,746   $9,877   $17,837   $848   $515   $540   $61,997  

Impaired loans with no allowance recorded

  54,947    43,208    11,248    27,098    35,669    464    612    173,246  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans individually evaluated for impairment

  68,581    61,954    21,125    44,935    36,517    979    1,152    235,243  

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

  1,332,185    1,440,214    1,642,313    368,034    361,074    287,768    31,072    5,462,660  

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

  11,893    18,397    3,730    3,811    1,170    —      —      39,001  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans held for investment

 $1,412,659   $1,520,565   $1,667,168   $416,780   $398,761   $288,747   $32,224   $5,736,904  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Related Allowance for Credit Losses

        

Impaired loans with an allowance recorded

 $2,815   $1,602   $2,314   $5,448   $284   $238   $165   $12,866  

Impaired loans with no allowance recorded

  —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —    
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans individually evaluated for impairment

  2,815    1,602    2,314    5,448    284    238    165    12,866  

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

  15,118    15,447    27,546    9,789    10,270    2,762    1,629    82,561  

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

  —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —    
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total loans held for investment

 $17,933   $17,049   $29,860   $15,237   $10,554   $3,000   $1,794   $95,427  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

As

  
Commercial
Real Estate-
Owner
Occupied
 
Commercial
Real Estate-
Non-Owner
Occupied
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
 
Residential
Real
Estate
 
Construction
and Land
Development
 
Commercial
Leases
 Consumer 
Total
Loans
  (in thousands)
Loans as of March 31, 2014:                
Recorded Investment:                
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded $1,462
 $13,503
 $940
 $6,111
 $
 $83
 $28
 $22,127
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded 33,867
 55,253
 14,293
 22,915
 22,012
 349
 446
 149,135
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment 35,329
 68,756
 15,233
 29,026
 22,012
 432
 474
 171,262
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,548,059
 1,691,360
 2,486,004
 313,376
 531,615
 221,484
 37,856
 6,829,754
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 22,855
 89,095
 262
 2,457
 28
 
 
 114,697
Total loans $1,606,243
 $1,849,211
 $2,501,499
 $344,859
 $553,655
 $221,916
 $38,330
 $7,115,713
Unpaid Principal Balance                
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded $1,462
 $13,503
 $1,153
 $6,260
 $
 $83
 $28
 $22,489
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded 39,398
 58,050
 14,859
 28,567
 23,117
 501
 459
 164,951
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment 40,860
 71,553
 16,012
 34,827
 23,117
 584
 487
 187,440
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,548,059
 1,691,360
 2,486,004
 313,376
 531,615
 221,484
 37,856
 6,829,754
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 30,841
 120,728
 870
 3,709
 100
 
 
 156,248
Total loans $1,619,760
 $1,883,641
 $2,502,886
 $351,912
 $554,832
 $222,068
 $38,343
 $7,173,442
Related Allowance for Credit Losses                
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded $450
 $803
 $666
 $1,938
 $
 $65
 $3
 $3,925
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment 450
 803
 666
 1,938
 
 65
 3
 3,925
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 13,563
 18,625
 36,155
 9,359
 16,700
 2,607
 1,553
 98,562
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 
 1,412
 
 
 
 
 
 1,412
Total loans $14,013
 $20,840
 $36,821
 $11,297
 $16,700
 $2,672
 $1,556
 $103,899


31

Table of September 30, 2013, there was $1.4 million of allowance for credit losses on loans acquired with credit deterioration. At December 31, 2012, there was no allowance for credit losses on loans acquired with credit deterioration.

InContents


  
Commercial
Real Estate-
Owner
Occupied
 
Commercial
Real Estate-
Non-Owner
Occupied
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
 
Residential
Real
Estate
 
Construction
and Land
Development
 
Commercial
Leases
 Consumer 
Total
Loans
   (in thousands)
Loans as of December 31, 2013:              
Recorded Investment:                
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded $1,092
 $17,932
 $1,907
 $4,580
 $118
 $99
 $26
 $25,754
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded 36,810
 55,220
 14,985
 21,796
 22,951
 350
 511
 152,623
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment 37,902
 73,152
 16,892
 26,376
 23,069
 449
 537
 178,377
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,500,740
 1,678,242
 2,219,500
 321,683
 513,681
 235,519
 44,616
 6,513,981
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 23,220
 92,021
 348
 2,253
 481
 
 
 118,323
Total loans $1,561,862
 $1,843,415
 $2,236,740
 $350,312
 $537,231
 $235,968
 $45,153
 $6,810,681
Unpaid Principal Balance                
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded $1,092
 $19,273
 $2,120
 $4,729
 $118
 $99
 $27
 $27,458
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded 43,537
 58,322
 15,731
 27,550
 24,137
 502
 523
 170,302
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment 44,629
 77,595
 17,851
 32,279
 24,255
 601
 550
 197,760
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,500,740
 1,678,242
 2,219,500
 321,683
 513,681
 235,519
 44,616
 6,513,981
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 34,951
 130,279
 1,403
 3,728
 804
 
 
 171,165
Total loans $1,580,320
 $1,886,116
 $2,238,754
 $357,690
 $538,740
 $236,120
 $45,166
 $6,882,906
Related Allowance for Credit Losses                
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded $402
 $2,121
 $702
 $1,896
 $85
 $70
 $4
 $5,280
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment 402
 2,121
 702
 1,896
 85
 70
 4
 5,280
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 12,158
 17,061
 36,344
 9,744
 14,434
 2,541
 2,166
 94,448
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 
 322
 
 
 
 
 
 322
Total loans $12,560
 $19,504
 $37,046
 $11,640
 $14,519
 $2,611
 $2,170
 $100,050

For the first quarter of 2012,2013, the baseline historical loss rates were computed using a weighted ratio of the 1-year and 5-year historical loss rates. As the market environment improved throughout 2013 and shorter-term loss rates compressed below longer-term levels, the Company modified its allowance for credit losses calculation to exclude cash secured loans. Additionally, for internally participated loans, historical loss factors have been revised as follows. Previouslydetermined during the loss factors utilized were based on those of the bank which held the participation. Under the revised methodology, loss characteristics of the originating bank are utilized by the participating bank for the first four quarters after origination, during which time the loan becomes seasoned. The net effect of these changes compared to the calculation method used at December 31, 2011 was to decrease the provision and allowance for credit losses by approximately $2.6 million. The net effect by portfolio segment was to the decrease provision for credit losses for the commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, consumer and residential real estate portfolios by $1.5 million, $0.8 million, $0.2 million and $41,000, respectively.

During the secondfourth quarter of 2013 that the Company further revised its methodology for calculating the allowance for credit losses. Previously, the Company calculated5-year historical loss factors based on net charge-offs. During the second quarter of 2013, the Company recognized elevated recoveries primarily related to earlier charge-offs stemming from the economic downturn. The Company believes that gross charge-offs isrates were a better representation of the loss characteristicslonger-term expectations for the current economic environment. This change in methodology resulted in an increase ofprobable losses. Accordingly, the allowance for credit losses of $7.2 millioncalculation for the quarter ended June 30, 2013.

March 31, 2014 continues to apply a 100% weight to the 5-year historical loss rate (per loan category). 



32


Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDR)

A troubled debt restructuredTDR loan is a loan on which the Company, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider. The loan terms that have been modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation include, but are not limited to, a reduction in the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity or renewal of the loan at an interest rate below current market, a reduction in the face amount of the debt, a reduction in the accrued interest, extensions, deferrals, renewals and rewrites. The majority of the Company’s modifications are extensions in terms or deferral of payments which result in no lost principal or interest followed by reductions in interest rates or accrued interest. A troubled debt restructured loan is also considered impaired. Generally, a loan that is modified at an effective market rate of interest may no longer be disclosed as a troubled debt restructuringTDR in years subsequent to the restructuring if it is not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement.

The following table presents information on the financial effects of troubled debt restructuredTDR loans by class for the periods presented:

  Three Months Ended 
  September 30, 2013 
  Number
of Loans
  Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
  Forgiven
Principal
Balance
  Lost
Interest
Income (1)
  Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
  Waived Fees
and Other
Expenses
 
  (dollars in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

      

Owner occupied

  —     $—     $—     $—     $—     $—    

Non-owner occupied

  —      —      —      —      —      —    

Multi-family

  —      —      —      —      —      —    

Commercial and industrial

      

Commercial

  3    1,253    —      10    1,243    —    

Leases

  —      —      —      —      —      —    

Construction and land development

      

Construction

  —      —      —      —      —      —    

Land

  —      —      —      —      —      —    

Residential real estate

  3    2,304    267    613    1,424    9  

Consumer

  —      —      —      —      —      —    
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  6   $3,557   $267   $623   $2,667   $9  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)Lost interest income is processed as a charge-off to loan principal in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30, 2013 
       Pre-Modification   Forgiven   Lost   Post-Modification   Waived Fees 
   Number   Outstanding   Principal   Interest   Outstanding   and Other 
   of Loans   Recorded Investment   Balance   Income (1)   Recorded Investment   Expenses 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

            

Owner occupied

   7    $3,506    $—      $54    $3,452    $28  

Non-owner occupied

   5     10,735     1,030     63     9,642     14  

Multi-family

   —       —       —       —       —       —    

Commercial and industrial

            

Commercial

   11     3,611     —       19     3,592     11  

Leases

   —       —       —       —       —       —    

Construction and land development

            

Construction

   —       —       —       —       —       —    

Land

   2     286     —       —       286     1  

Residential real estate

   12     5,308     267     887     4,154     24  

Consumer

   2     74     —       5     69     3  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   39    $23,520    $1,297    $1,028    $21,195    $81  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)Lost interest income is processed as a charge-off to loan principal in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

   Three Months Ended
September 30, 2012
 
       Pre-Modification   Forgiven   Lost   Post-Modification   Waived Fees 
   Number   Outstanding   Principal   Interest   Outstanding   and Other 
   of Loans   Recorded Investment   Balance   Income (1)   Recorded Investment   Expenses 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

            

Owner occupied

   2    $3,111    $—      $28    $3,083    $11  

Non-owner occupied

   10     19,773     10     194     19,569     5  

Multi-family

   —       —       —       —       —       —    

Commercial and industrial

            

Commercial

   —       —       —       —       —       —    

Leases

   —       —       —       —       —       —    

Construction and land development

            

Construction

   —       —       —       —       —       —    

Land

   1     2,581     —       26     2,555     —    

Residential real estate

   4     4,113     —       163     3,950     1  

Consumer

   1     46     —       3     43     2  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   18    $29,624    $10    $414    $29,200    $19  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)Lost interest income is processed as a charge-off to loan principal in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

   Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2012
 
       Pre-Modification   Forgiven   Lost   Post-Modification   Waived Fees 
   Number   Outstanding   Principal   Interest   Outstanding   and Other 
   of Loans   Recorded Investment   Balance   Income (1)   Recorded Investment   Expenses 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

            

Owner occupied

   14    $21,740    $750    $493    $20,497    $71  

Non-owner occupied

   15     33,629     440     321     32,868     16  

Multi-family

   —       —       —       —       —       —    

Commercial and industrial

            

Commercial

   14     7,707     —       26     7,681     37  

Leases

   —       —       —       —       —       —    

Construction and land development

            

Construction

   —       —       —       —       —       —    

Land

   6     6,460     —       259     6,201     12  

Residential real estate

   19     10,306     40     1,148     9,118     8  

Consumer

   3     114     —       3     111     2  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   71    $79,956    $1,230    $2,250    $76,476    $146  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)Lost interest income is processed as a charge-off to loan principal in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

  Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
  
Number
of Loans
 
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Forgiven
Principal
Balance
 
Lost
Interest
Income
 
Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Waived Fees
and Other
Expenses
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate            
Owner occupied 1
 $798
 $378
 $117
 $303
 $33
Non-owner occupied 
 
 
 
 
 
Multi-family 
 
 
 
 
 
  Commercial and industrial            
Commercial 1
 63
 
 
 63
 3
Leases 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development            
Construction 
 
 
 
 
 
Land 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate 1
 405
 166
 37
 202
 
Consumer 
 
 
 
 
 
    Total 3
 $1,266
 $544
 $154
 $568
 $36
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
  
Number
of Loans
 
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Forgiven
Principal
Balance
 
Lost
Interest
Income
 
Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Waived Fees
and Other
Expenses
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate            
Owner occupied 5
 $2,686
 $
 $54
 $2,632
 $
Non-owner occupied 4
 10,318
 1,030
 63
 9,225
 7
Multi-family 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial            
Commercial 5
 1,846
 
 10
 1,836
 8
Leases 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development            
Construction 
 
 
 
 
 
Land 2
 286
 
 
 286
 1
Residential real estate 1
 40
 
 6
 34
 3
Consumer 1
 39
 
 
 39
 3
    Total 18
 $15,215
 $1,030
 $133
 $14,052
 $22


33

Table of Contents

The following table presents TDR loans by class for which there was a payment default during the period:

   Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,   September 30, 
   2013   2012   2013   2012 
   Number   Recorded   Number   Recorded   Number   Recorded   Number   Recorded 
   of Loans   Investment   of Loans   Investment   of Loans   Investment   of Loans   Investment 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Commercial real estate

                

Owner occupied

   —      $—       5    $4,263     3    $2,506     10    $10,611  

Non-owner occupied

   2     1,330     1     1,049     3     1,490     3     4,442  

Multi-family

   —       —       —       —       —       —       1     193  

Commercial and industrial

                

Commercial

   1     307     3     1,794     3     1,089     7     6,700  

Leases

   —       —       —       —       —       —       —       —    

Construction and land development

                

Construction

   —       —       —       —       —       —       —       —    

Land

   —       —       1     347     2     330     5     4,013  

Residential real estate

   —       —       3     3,823     2     655     5     4,143  

Consumer

   —       —       —       —       —       —       1     375  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   3    $1,637     13    $11,276     13    $6,070     32    $30,477  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  
Number
of Loans
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Number
of Loans
 
Recorded
Investment
   (dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate        
   Owner occupied 1
 $303
 3
 $2,506
   Non-owner occupied 
 
 1
 160
   Multi-family 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial        
   Commercial 1
 63
 2
 782
   Leases 
 
 
 
Construction and land development        
   Construction 
 
 
 
   Land 
 
 2
 330
Residential real estate 1
 202
 2
 655
Consumer 
 
 
 
    Total 3
 $568
 10
 $4,433
A TDR loan is deemed to have a payment default when it becomes past due 90 days, goes on nonaccrual, or is re-structured again.

Payment defaults, along with other qualitative indicators, are considered by management in the determination of the allowance for credit losses.

At September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, there were no loan commitments outstanding on TDR loans were $0 and $0.2 million, respectively.

loans.

Loan Purchases and Sales

In

For the third quarter ofthree months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had secondary market loan purchases of $87.3$15.6 million consistingand $43.0 million, respectively. For 2014 and 2013, these purchased loans consisted of commercial and industrial loans. In the first nine months of 2013, the Company had secondary market loan purchases of $217.8 million, consisting of $213.4 million of commercial and industrial loans and $4.5 million of commercial real estate loans. In the first nine months of 2012, the Company had secondary market loan purchases of $132.3 million, consisting of $66.1 million of commercial leases, $65.2 million of commercial and industrial loans and $1.0 million of commercial real estate loans. In addition, the Company periodically acquires newly originated loans at closing through participations or loan syndications.

The Company had no significant loan sales in the first nine months2014 or 2013.

34

Table of 2013 or 2012. The Company held $25.4 million and $31.1 million of credit card loans classified as held for sale at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

5.Contents


4. OTHER ASSETS ACQUIRED THROUGH FORECLOSURE

The following table presentsrepresents the changes in other assets acquired through foreclosure:

   For the Three Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   Gross Balance  Valuation
Allowance
  Net Balance  Gross Balance  Valuation
Allowance
  Net Balance 
   (in thousands) 

Balance, beginning of the period

  $102,923   $(26,424 $76,499   $120,391   $(43,397 $76,994  

Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   2,737    —      2,737    10,807    —      10,807  

Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net

   (3,411  1,055    (2,356  (13,733  4,335    (9,398

Valuation adjustments, net

   —      (697  (697  —      (781  (781

Gains (losses), net(1)

   292    —      292    611    —      611  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

  $102,541   $(26,066 $76,475   $118,076   $(39,843 $78,233  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014
  Gross Balance Valuation Allowance Net Balance
  (in thousands)
Balance, beginning of the period $88,421
 $(21,702) $66,719
Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net 2,110
 
 2,110
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net (19,473) 5,961
 (13,512)
Valuation adjustments, net 
 (35) (35)
Gains, net (1) 1,168
 
 1,168
Balance, end of period $72,226
 $(15,776) $56,450
       
  2013
Balance, beginning of the period $113,474
 $(36,227) $77,247
Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net 6,609
 
 6,609
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net (12,120) 6,747
 (5,373)
Valuation adjustments, net 
 (1,017) (1,017)
Gains, net (1) 455
 
 455
Balance, end of period $108,418
 $(30,497) $77,921

(1)

(1)
Included in gains (losses), net areIncludes gains related to initial transfers to other assets of $62 thousandzero and $0.3 million during the quarterthree months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and $249 thousand during the quarter ended September 30, 2012respectively, pursuant to accounting guidance.

   For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   Gross Balance  Valuation
Allowance
  Net Balance  Gross Balance  Valuation
Allowance
  Net Balance 
   (in thousands) 

Balance, beginning of the period

  $113,474   $(36,227 $77,247   $135,148   $(46,044 $89,104  

Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   14,010    —      14,010    19,522    —      19,522  

Additions from acquisition of Centennial

   5,622    —      5,622    —      —      —    

Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net

   (32,953  12,440    (20,513  (36,911  10,261    (26,650

Valuation adjustments, net

   —      (2,279  (2,279  —      (4,060  (4,060

Gains (losses), net(1)

   2,388    —      2,388    317    —      317  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

  $102,541   $(26,066 $76,475   $118,076   $(39,843 $78,233  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Included in gains (losses), net are gains related to transfers to other assets of $407 thousand during the nine month period ended September 30,

At March 31, 2014 and 2013, and $291 thousand during the nine month period ended September 30, 2012 pursuant to accounting guidance.

At September 30, 2013 and 2012, the majority of the Company’s repossessed assets wereconsisted of properties located in Nevada.

6.

5. OTHER BORROWINGS AND OTHER LIABILITIES

The following table summarizes the Company’s borrowings as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012:

   September 30,   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
   (in thousands) 

Short Term:

    

Federal funds purchased

  $13,285    $—    

Revolving line of credit

   32,500     —    

FHLB advances

   —       120,000  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total short term debt

  $45,785    $120,000  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long Term:

    

FHLB advances

  $274,277    $—    

Other long term debt

   74,043     73,717  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $348,320    $73,717  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Federal funds purchased consist2013: 

  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  (in thousands)
Short-Term:    
Revolving line of credit $5,000
 $3,000
FHLB advances 56,324
 25,906
Total short-term borrowings $61,324
 $28,906
Long-Term:    
   FHLB advances $217,166
 $247,973
   Other long term debt 64,326
 64,217
Total long-term borrowings $281,492
 $312,190
WAL maintains other lines of unsecured advancescredit totaling $70.0 million, of excess balances in reserve accounts held at the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) providedwhich $25.0 million is secured by third parties. During the third quarter of 2013, the Company purchased federal funds to enhance efficiency.pledged securities and $45.0 million is unsecured. As of September 30, 2013, federal funds purchased totaled $13.3 million.

At September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, the Company had revolvingoutstanding advances on the $25.0 million secured line of credit totaling $5.0 million at an interest rate of 1.75%. There were no amounts outstanding on the unsecured lines of credit. In addition, the bank has entered into Fed Funds agreements with other financial institutions under which it can borrow up to $120.0 million on an unsecured basis. There were no amounts outstanding on these lines of credit with otheras of March 31, 2014. The lending institutions with outstanding advances totaling $32.5 million. The interest rates on these advances range from 1.75% to 4.70% and have a weighted averagewill determine the interest rate charged on borrowings at the time of 2.43%.

the borrowing.

The Company maintains lines of credit with the FHLB and FRB. The Company’s borrowing capacity is determined based on collateral pledged, generally consisting of investment securities and loans, at the time of the borrowing. The Company also maintains credit lines with other sources secured by pledged securities. AsAt March 31, 2014, there was $56.3 million of September 30, 2013, the Company had no short-term FHLB or FRB advances.

In 2010, the Company completed a public offering of $75.0 million, at a discount, in principal Senior Notes due in 2015, bearing interest of 10%. In the first quarter of 2013, the Company executed a long-term FHLB advance for $200.0 million, bearing interest of 1.04%, due January 2, 2018. As part of the Centennial acquisition, the Company acquired long-term FHLB advances of $77.2 million, of which, $5.0 million was repaid during the second quarter 2013. These advances were purchased at a premium of $2.5 million,classified as short-term, with interest rates ranging from 1.56% to 3.05% and a weighted average interest rate of 2.67%2.91%. At December 31, 2013, short-term FHLB advances had a weighted average interest rate of 2.90%.


35

Table of Contents

At March 31, 2014, there was $217.2 million of FHLB advances classified as long-term and $64.9 million of outstanding Senior Note principal, whose carrying value of $64.3 million reflects a discount of $0.6 million. The weighted average costrate on all long-term debt was 3.30%3.16% and 3.65% for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and 10.80% and 10.81% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively.

As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, the Company had additional available credit with the FHLB of approximately $1.05$1.03 billion and $952.8 million,$1.39 billion, respectively, and with the FRB of approximately $598.3$1.00 billion and $588.2 million, and $600.6 million, respectively.

During the first three quarters of 2013, the Company entered into a Treasury short transaction to mitigate the Company’s modest liability sensitive interest rate risk profile. The Company sold short fixed-rate Treasury securities and invested the proceeds in a short-term repurchase agreement with a balance of $126.7 million as of September 30, 2013.

7.

6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Unfunded Commitments and Letters of Credit

The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

consolidated balance sheets.

Lines of credit are obligations to lend money to a borrower. Credit risk arises when the borrower’sborrower's current financial condition may indicate less ability to pay than when the commitment was originally made. In the case of standby letters of credit, the risk arises from the possibility of thepotential failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of a contract. In such a situation, the third party might draw on the standby letter of credit to pay for completion of the contract and the Company would look to its customer to repay these funds with interest. To minimize the risk, the Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it would for a loan to that customer.

Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees are commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party in borrowing arrangements. The Company generally has recourse to recover from the customer any amounts paid under the guarantees. Typically, letters of credit issued have expiration dates within one year.

A summary of the contractual amounts for unfunded commitments and letters of credit are as follows:

   September 30   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
   (in thousands) 

Commitments to extend credit, including unsecured loan commitments of $266,189 at September 30, 2013 and $172,002 at December 31, 2012

  $1,692,150    $1,096,264  

Credit card commitments and financial guarantees

   287,186     295,506  

Standby letters of credit, including unsecured letters of credit of $4,032 at September 30, 2013 and $3,915 at December 31, 2012

   28,105     32,757  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $2,007,441    $1,424,527  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  (in thousands)
Commitments to extend credit, including unsecured loan commitments of $221,669 at March 31, 2014 and $237,063 at December 31, 2013 $1,840,740
 $1,878,340
Credit card commitments and financial guarantees 33,932
 33,632
Standby letters of credit, including unsecured letters of credit of $5,957 at March 31, 2014 and $4,896 at December 31, 2013 38,501
 31,271
          Total $1,913,173
 $1,943,243
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The Company enters into credit arrangements that generally provide for the termination of advances in the event of a covenant violation or other event of default. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on Management’smanagement’s credit evaluation of the party. The commitments are collateralized by the same types of assets used as loan collateral. The unfunded commitments on the credit cards loans held for sale at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was $2.8 million and $262.6 million, respectively.

The Company has exposure to credit losses from unfunded commitments and letters of credit. As funds have not been disbursed on these commitments, they are not reported as loans outstanding. Credit losses related to these commitments are not included in the allowance for credit losses reported in Note 4, “Loans,"Note 3. Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses”Losses" of thesethe Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and are accounted for as a separate loss contingency as a liability.contingency. This loss contingency for unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit was $2.0$2.1 million and $1.3$2.0 million as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, respectively. Changes to this liability are adjusted through other non-interest expense.


36


Concentrations of Lending Activities

The Company’s lending activities are primarily driven in large part by the customers served in the market areas where the Company has branch offices in the states of Arizona, Nevada California and Arizona.California. Despite the geographic concentration of lending activities, the Company does not have a single external customer from which it derives 10% or more of its revenues. The Company monitors concentrations within five broad categories: geography, industry, product, call code, and collateral. The Company grants commercial, construction, real estate and consumer loans to customers through branch offices located in the Company’s primary markets. The Company’s business is concentrated in these areas and the loan portfolio includes significant credit exposure to the commercial real estateCRE market of these areas. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012, commercial real estate2013, CRE related loans accounted for approximately 59%56% and 58% of total loans, respectively, and approximately 1% and 3%2%, respectively, of theseCRE related loans are secured by undeveloped land, respectively.land. Substantially all of these loans are secured by first liens with an initial loan to value ratio of generally not more than 75%. Approximately 40%47% and 48%46% of these commercial real estateCRE loans, excluding construction and land loans, were owner occupied at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, respectively. In addition, approximately 3% and 4% of total loans were unsecured as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, respectively.

Contingencies

The Company is involved in various lawsuits of a routine nature that are being handled and defended in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. Expenses are being incurred in connection with defending the Company,these lawsuits, but in the opinion of Management,management, based in part on consultation with outside legal counsel, the resolution of these lawsuits and associated defense costs will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Lease Commitments

The Company leases the majority of its office locations and many of these leases contain multiple renewal options and provisions for increased rents. Total rent expense of $1.8$1.6 million and $1.5$1.9 million was included in occupancy expenses for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and 2012, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, total rent expense included in occupancy expenses was $5.5 million and $4.4 million, respectively.

8.

7. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock-based Compensation

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, 17,600 and 537,125March 31, 2014, 376,175 shares of restricted stock were granted to Company employees respectively.that vest over three years and 64,000 shares were granted to non-employee WAL and WAB directors that vest over six months. The Company estimates the compensation cost for restricted stock grants based upon the grant date fair value. Generally, these restricted stock grants have a three year vesting period. The aggregate grant date fair value for the restricted stock issued in the three month period ended March 31, 2014 was $10.5 million.
There were approximately 1,161,743 and nine month periods1,204,216 restricted shares outstanding at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2013 wasMarch 31, 2014, the Company recognized $0.3 million and $6.7in stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock grants, compared to $1.0 million respectively. In addition,in expense for the Company granted 56,311 shares during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2013. Other restricted stock components causing the reduction of $3.4 million to non-employee WAL and subsidiary directors that vested immediately. There were no grants to non-employee WAL and subsidiary directorsAPIC during the three months ended September 30, 2013.

There were 1,255,640March 31, 2014 include shares withheld on cashless exercises and 1,469,285 restricted shares outstanding at September 30, 2013forfeitures.

As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company recognized stock-based compensation related to restricted stock grants of $1.3there were 0.8 million and $2.8 million, respectively, compared to $1.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012.

As of September 30, 2013 and 2012, there were 1.2 million and 1.71.0 million, respectively, of stock options outstanding.

9.


37


8. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive incomeloss by component, net of tax, for the periodperiods indicated:

   Three Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   Unrealized
holding gains
(losses) on AFS
  Unrealized gain
on cash flow
hedge
  Total  Unrealized
holding gains
(losses) on AFS
  Unrealized gain
on cash flow
hedge
   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Beginning balance

  $(10,780 $30   $(10,750 $4,283   $8    $4,291  

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications

   (4,770  (30  (4,800  8,478    9     8,487  

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income

   1,046    —      1,046    (668  —       (668
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net current-period other comprehensive income

   (3,724  (30  (3,754  7,810    9     7,819  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $(14,504 $—     $(14,504 $12,093   $17    $12,110  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   Unrealized  Unrealized gain     Unrealized  Unrealized gain    
   holding gains  on cash flow     holding gains  on cash flow    
   (losses) on AFS  hedge  Total  (losses) on AFS  hedge  Total 
   (in thousands) 

Beginning balance

  $8,209   $17   $8,226   $(5,112 $519   $(4,593

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications

   (23,670  (17  (23,687  18,803    17    18,820  

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income

   957    —      957    (1,598  (519  (2,117
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net current-period other comprehensive income

   (22,713  (17  (22,730  17,205    (502  16,703  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  $(14,504 $—     $(14,504 $12,093   $17   $12,110  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  
Unrealized
holding gains
(losses) on AFS securities
 Impairment loss on securities Total Unrealized
holding gains
(losses) on AFS securities
 Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge Total
  (in thousands)
Beginning balance $(21,690) $144
 $(21,546) $8,209
 $17
 $8,226
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 10,644
 
 10,644
 (890) (34) (924)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss (229) 
 (229) (97) 
 (97)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 10,415
 
 10,415
 (987) (34) (1,021)
Ending balance $(11,275) $144
 $(11,131) $7,222
 $(17) $7,205
The following table presents reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income:

   Amount reclassified from accumulated   
   other comprehensive income   
Details about accumulated other  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Affected line item in the statement

comprehensive income components

  2013  2012  

where net income is presented

   (in thousands)   

Unrealized gains and losses on AFS

    
  $(1,679 $1,031   Realized gain on sale of Investment securities
   633    (363 Income tax expense
  

 

 

  

 

 

  
  $(1,046 $668   Net of tax
  

 

 

  

 

 

  
   Amount reclassified from accumulated   
   other comprehensive income   
Details about accumulated other  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  Affected line item in the statement

comprehensive income components

  2013  2012  

where net income is presented

   (in thousands)   

Unrealized gains and losses on AFS

    
  $(1,537 $2,502   Realized gain on sale of Investment securities
   580    (904 Income tax expense
  

 

 

  

 

 

  
  $(957 $1,598   Net of tax
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

10.loss: 

  Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income  
Details about accumulated other Three Months Ended March 31, Affected line item in the statement
comprehensive loss components 2014 2013 where net income is presented
  (in thousands) 
Unrealized gains and losses on AFS      
  $366
 $147
 Gain on sales of investment securities, net
  (137) (50) Income tax expense
  $229
 $97
 Net of tax
9. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average outstanding common shares during each period, including common stock equivalents. Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average outstanding common shares during the period.

Basic

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share based onfor the weighted average outstanding shares, are summarized as follows:

   Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,   September 30, 
   2013   2012   2013   2012 
   (in thousands,except per share amounts) 

Weighted average shares—basic

   85,799     81,758     85,596     81,570  

Dilutive effect of stock awards

   970     536     832     589  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average shares—diluted

   86,769     82,294     86,428     82,159  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income available to common shareholders

  $27,840    $15,106    $82,114    $37,279  

Earnings per share—basic

   0.32     0.18     0.96     0.46  

Earnings per share—diluted

   0.32     0.18     0.95     0.45  

three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013.

 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2014 2013
 (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Weighted average shares - basic86,256
 85,324
Dilutive effect of stock awards867
 656
Weighted average shares - diluted87,123
 85,980
Net income available to common shareholders$30,732
 $20,532
Earnings per share - basic0.35
 0.24
Earnings per share - diluted0.35
 0.24
The Company had 216,3104,000 and 1,053,045163,300 stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, respectively, that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.


38

Table of Contents

10. INCOME TAXES
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
For the three months ended March 31, 2014, the net deferred tax assets decreased $2.4 million to $78.3 million. This overall decrease in the net deferred tax asset was primarily the result of increases to deferred tax assets from AMT credit carryovers along with a release of valuation allowance, which were more than offset by the decreases to deferred tax assets from exercises and forfeitures of equity compensation, changes in the fair market value of AFS securities and fair market value adjustments related to acquired loans.
Although realization is not assured, the Company believes that the realization of the recognized deferred tax asset of $78.3 million at March 31, 2014 is more likely than not based on expectations as to future taxable income and based on available tax planning strategies within the meaning of FASB ASC 740 that could be implemented if necessary to prevent a carryover from expiring.
At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had a $4.6 million and a $5.6 million deferred tax valuation allowance, respectively. As of March 31, 2014, $3.2 million relates to net capital loss carryovers from ARPS securities sales and the remaining valuation allowance of $1.4 million relates to Arizona state NOL carryovers and Section 382 of the IRC limitations associated with the Company's acquisition of Western Liberty Bancorp.
The deferred tax asset related to federal and state net operating loss carryovers outstanding at March 31, 2014 available to reduce tax liability in future years totaled $9.8 million. This is comprised of $8.3 million of tax benefits from federal net operating loss carryovers (subject to an annual limitation imposed by section 382 of the IRC as discussed below) and $1.5 million of tax benefits from Arizona state net operating loss carryovers that began to expire in 2013. The Company’s ability to use federal NOLs, as well as its ability to use certain future tax deductions called NUBILs associated with the Company's acquisitions of Western Liberty Bancorp and Centennial Bank, will be subject to separate annual limitations of $1.8 million and $1.6 million of deductions from taxable income, respectively. In management’s opinion, it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize all but $1.4 million of the deferred tax benefits related to these net operating loss carryovers and NUBILs.
The Company's effective tax rate was 25.08% and 27.19% for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate from the first quarter 2013 compared to the first quarter 2014 is primarily due to increased benefits received from qualified affordable housing projects and an increase to the expected amount of tax exempt interest income for the year, which were not fully offset by rate detriments from a decrease in the projected amount of BOLI income.

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Table of Contents

Investments in LIHTC
The Company invests in LIHTC funds that are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal tax credits.
The Company adopted the amendments to FASB ASC 323-740 as of January 1, 2014, which revises the accounting for investments in qualified affordable housing projects. As a result, the Company has adjusted its prior period financial statements to apply the proportional amortization methodology in accounting for these investments. This impacted the balance of tax credit investments and related current and deferred tax items on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In accordance with FASB ASC 323-740, the tax credit investment amortization is now presented as a component of income tax expense. Previously, the amortization expense was included as a component of non-interest income.
The following table summarizes the impact of the change in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods indicated:
 December 31, 2013
 (in thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet: 
Deferred tax assets, net 
As previously reported$79,374
As reported under new guidance80,688
Other assets 
As previously reported (1)186,288
As reported under new guidance185,221
Stockholders' Equity 
As previously reported855,251
As reported under new guidance855,498

(1)Includes a $14.6 million reclassification from premises and equipment, net.


40

Table of Contents

 Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 2013
 (in thousands)
Consolidated Income Statement: 
Non-interest income 
As previously reported$3,899
As reported under new guidance4,799
Income tax expense 
As previously reported6,808
As reported under new guidance7,787
Income from continuing operations 
As previously reported20,926
As reported under new guidance20,847
Net income 
As previously reported20,964
As reported under new guidance20,885
Net income available to common shareholders 
As previously reported20,611
As reported under new guidance20,532
Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders--basic 
As previously reported0.24
As reported under new guidance0.24
Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders--diluted 
As previously reported0.24
As reported under new guidance0.24
The cumulative effect of adoption of this guidance at December 31, 2013 was an increase to stockholders' equity of $0.2 million and a decrease to stockholder's equity of $0.2 million at December 31, 2012.
Investments in LIHTC and unfunded LIHTC obligations are included as part of other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and total $129.3 million and $68.3 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2014. For the three months ended March 31, 2014, $3.0 million of amortization related to LIHTC investments was recognized as a component of income tax expense.
11. FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING

The fair value of an asset or liability is the price that would be received to sell that asset or paid to transfer that liability in an orderly transaction occurring in the principal market (or most advantageous market in the absence of a principal market) for such asset or liability. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. Such valuation techniques are consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques include the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. FASB ASC 820825 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level(Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level(Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under FASB ASC 825 are described in Note 1, “Summary"Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

Policies" of these Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality and the Company’s creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. The Company’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While Managementmanagement believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Furthermore, the reported fair value amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since the presentation dates, and therefore, estimates of fair value after the balance sheet date may

41

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differ significantly from the amounts presented herein. A more detailed description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value is set forth below. Transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the end of the reporting period.

Under FASB ASC 825, the Company elected the fair value option (“FVO”)FVO treatment for the junior subordinated debt and certain investment securities. This election is generally irrevocable and unrealized gains and losses on these items must be reported in earnings at each reporting date. The Company continues to account for these items under the FVO. Since adoption, there were no financial instruments purchased by the Company which met the FASB ASC 825 fair value election criteria, and therefore, no additional instruments have been added under the FVO election.

All securities for which the fair value measurement option had been elected are included in a separate line item inon the Consolidated Balance Sheet titled “Investment securities—balance sheet entitled “securities measured at fair value.”

For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and 2012, gains and losses from fair value changes included in the Consolidated Income Statements were as follows:

   Changes in Fair Values for Items Measured at Fair 
   Value Pursuant to Election of the FVO 
   Unrealized          Total 
   Gain/(Loss) on      Interest   Changes 
   Assets and      Expense on   Included in 
   Liabilities  Interest   Junior   Current- 
   Measured at  Income on   Subordinated   Period 

Description

  Fair Value, Net  Securities   Debt   Earnings 
   (in thousands) 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2013

       

Securities measured at fair value

  $(142 $1    $—      $(141

Junior subordinated debt

   478    —       329     149  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $336   $1    $329    $8  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

       

Securities measured at fair value

  $(196 $7    $—      $(189

Junior subordinated debt

   (3,229  —       1,012     (4,241
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $(3,425 $7    $1,012    $(4,430
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Changes in Fair Values for Items Measured at Fair 
   Value Pursuant to Election of the FVO 
   Unrealized          Total 
   Gain/(Loss) on      Interest   Changes 
   Assets and      Expense on   Included in 
   Liabilities  Interest   Junior   Current- 
   Measured at  Income on   Subordinated   Period 

Description

  Fair Value, Net  Securities   Debt   Earnings 
   (in thousands) 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2012

       

Securities measured at fair value

  $—     $3    $—      $3  

Junior subordinated debt

   469    —       329     140  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $469   $3    $329    $143  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012

       

Securities measured at fair value

  $(66 $10    $—      $(56

Junior subordinated debt

   767    —       981     (214
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $701   $10    $981    $(270
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

  Changes in Fair Values for Items Measured at Fair Value Pursuant to Election of the Fair Value Option
Description Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value, Net Interest Income on Securities Interest Expense on Junior Subordinated Debt Total Changes Included in Current-Period Earnings
  (in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2014        
Securities measured at fair value $18
 $1
 $
 $19
Junior subordinated debt (978) 
 (421) (1,399)
Total $(960) $1
 $(421) $(1,380)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013        
Securities measured at fair value $(2) $2
 $
 $
Junior subordinated debt (469) 
 (466) (935)
Total $(471) $2
 $(466) $(935)
The following table presents gains andthe portion of trading securities losses from fair value changes onrelated to trading securities measuredstill held at fair value:

   Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,   September 30, 
   2013  2012   2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Net losses for the period on trading securities included in earnings

  $(142 $—      $(196 $(66

Less: net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on trading securities sold during the period

   —      —       —      —    
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Change in unrealized gains or (losses) for the period included in earnings for trading securities held at the end of the reporting period

  $(142 $—      $(196 $(66
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

The difference between the aggregate fair value of junior subordinated debt of $39.4 million and the aggregate unpaid principal balance of $66.5 million was $27.1 million at September 30, 2013. The difference between the aggregate fair value of junior subordinated debt of $36.2 million and the aggregate unpaid principal balance of $66.5 million was $30.3 million at December 31, 2012.

reporting date: 

  March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands)
Net gains and (losses) for the period on trading securities included in earnings $18
 $(2)
Less: net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on trading securities sold during the period 
 
Change in unrealized gains or (losses) for the period included in earnings for trading securities held at the end of the reporting period $18
 $(2)
Interest income on securities measured at fair value is accounted for similarly to those classified as AFS and HTM. Any premiums or discounts are recognized in interest income over the term of the securities. For mortgage-backed securities, estimates of prepayments are considered in the constant yield calculations. Interest expense on junior subordinated debt is also determined under a constant yield calculation.

Fair value on a recurring basis

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following:

AFS Securities: Adjustable-rate ARPS securities, trust preferred securities, corporate debt securities and CRA mutual fund investments are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs. Other securities classified as AFS are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.


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Table of Contents

Securities measured at fair value:All of the Company’s securities measured at fair value, the majority of which are mortgage-backed securities, are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs in the same manner as described above for securities available-for-sale.available for sale.

Independent pricing service: Our independent pricing service provides pricing information on Level 1, 2 and 3 securities, and represents the pricing source for the majority of the portfolio. Management independently evaluates all of the fair value measurements received from its third partyour third-party pricing service through multiple review steps. First, Managementmanagement reviews what has transpired in the market- placemarket-place with respect to interest rates, credit spreads, volatility, mortgage rates, etc.,among other things, and makes an expectation on changes to the securities valuations from the previous quarter. Then Management compares expected changes to the actual valuation changes provided to it by its pricing service. Next, Management compares a robust sampling of safekeeping marks on securities with the marks provided by the Company’s third party pricing service and determines whether there are any notable differences. Then, Management compares the prices on Level 1 priced securities to publicly available prices to verify those prices are similar. Finally, Management discusses the assumptions used for Level 2 priced securities with its pricing service.management obtains market values from additional sources. The pricing service provides Managementmanagement with observable market data, including interest rate curves and mortgage prepayment speed grids, as well as dealer quote sheets, new bond offering sheets, and historical trade documentation. Management reviews the assumptions and decides whether they are reasonable. Management may compare interest rates, credit spreads and prepayments speeds used as part of the assumptions to those that Managementmanagement believes are reasonable. Management may price securities using the provided assumptions to determine whether they can develop similar prices on like securities. Any discrepancies with Management’smanagement’s review and the prices provided by the vendor are discussed with the vendor and the Company’s other valuation advisors. Management has formally challengedLast, management selects a sample of investment securities and compares the prices on several securities, but has found thatvalues provided by our primary third party pricing service to the vendor prices are reasonable.market values obtained from secondary sources and evaluates those with notable variances.

Annually, the Company receives aan SSAE 16 report from its independent pricing service attesting to the controls placed on the operations of the service from its auditor.

Interest rate swap:Interest rate swaps are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The Company obtains dealer quotations to value its interest rate swaps.

Junior subordinated debt:The Company estimates the fair value of its junior subordinated debt using a discounted cash flow model, which incorporates the effect of the Company’s own credit risk in the fair value of the liabilities (Level 3). The Company’s cash flow assumptions were based on the contractual cash flows as the Company anticipates that it will pay the debt according to its contractual terms. During 2013, the Company established and continues to use the BB 20-Year Index adjusted for a credit risk spread. The Company’s practice of determiningCompany estimated the discount rate as of March 31, 2013 and prior was to use a Peer Index derived from market data available for similar non-investment grade trust preferred securities. As of June 30, 2013 the available market data contracted and the small population of similar non-investment grade trust preferred securities was no longer adequately diversified to ensure an accurate representation of change in the discount rate. As a result, the Company replaced the Peer Index with the BB 20 Year Index relative to the 10 Year Treasury (BB Corporate Bond over Treasury Index), which provides a broader base and correlates similarly with the credit and maturity characteristics of the junior subordinated debt. As of September 30, 2013, the discount rate was determined to be 6.280%at 5.692%, which is a 603546 basis point spread over 3 month LIBOR (0.250%(0.231% as of September 30, 2013)March 31, 2014). As of September 30, 2012,December 31, 2013, the Company estimated the discount rate at 6.530%5.861%, which was a 617562 basis point spread over 3 month LIBOR (0.359%)0.246%. As

43

Table of December 31, 2012, the Company estimated the discount rate at 6.846%, which was a 654 basis point spread over 3 month LIBOR (0.306%).

Securities sold short:Securities sold short, comprised of entirely U.S. Treasury bonds, are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs.

Contents


The fair value of these assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were determined using the following inputs at the periods presented:

   Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting  Period Using: 
   Quoted Prices             
   in Active   Significant         
   Markets for   Other   Significant     
   Identical   Observable   Unobservable     
   Assets   Inputs   Inputs   Fair 

September 30, 2013

  (Level 1)   (Level 2)   (Level 3)   Value 
   (in thousands) 

Assets:

  

Measured at fair value

        

Direct U.S. obligations and GSE residential mortgage- backed securities

  $—      $3,621    $—      $3,621  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Available-for-sale

        

U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities

  $—      $27,377    $—      $27,377  

Municipal obligations

   —       105,545     —       105,545  

Direct U.S. obligations and GSE residential mortgage-backed securities

   —       768,478     —       768,478  

Mutual funds

   32,323     —       —       32,323  

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities

   —       26,147     —       26,147  

Adjustable-rate preferred stock

   61,389     —       —       61,389  

Trust preferred

   —       23,834     —       23,834  

Collateralized mortgage-backed securities

   —       5,493     —       5,493  

Other

   23,300     —       —       23,300  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $117,012    $956,874    $—      $1,073,886  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest rate swaps

  $—      $39    $—      $39  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities:

        

Securities sold short

  $126,664    $—      $—      $126,664  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Junior subordinated debt

  $—      $—      $39,447    $39,447  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest rate swaps

  $—      $2,188    $—      $2,188  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting  Period Using: 

December 31, 2012

  Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical

Assets
(Level 1)
   Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

(Level 3)
   Fair
Value
 
   (in thousands) 

Assets:

  

Measured at fair value

        

Direct U.S. obligations and GSE residential mortgage- backed securities

  $—      $5,061    $—      $5,061  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Available-for-sale

        

Municipal obligations

  $—      $73,171    $—      $73,171  

Direct U.S. obligations and GSE residential mortgage-backed securities

   —       663,204     —       663,204  

Mutual funds

   37,961     —       —       37,961  

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities

   —       35,607     —       35,607  

Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities

   —       5,741       5,741  

Adjustable-rate preferred stock

   75,555     —       —       75,555  

Trust preferred

   24,135     —       —       24,135  

Other

   24,216     —       —       24,216  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  $ 161,867    $777,723    $—      $939,590  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest rate swaps

  $—      $777    $—      $777  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities:

        

Junior subordinated debt

  $—      $—      $36,218    $36,218  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest rate swaps

  $—      $751    $—      $751  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As

  Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
  Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 Fair Value
  (in thousands)
March 31, 2014        
Assets:        
Measured at fair value        
Residential MBS issued by GSEs $
 $2,460
 $
 $2,460
Private label residential MBS 
 483
 
 483
Total securities measured at fair value $
 $2,943
 $
 $2,943
Available-for-sale        
U.S. government sponsored agency securities $
 $57,672
 $
 $57,672
Municipal obligations 
 118,878
 
 118,878
Preferred stock 73,947
 
 
 73,947
Mutual funds 37,243
 
 
 37,243
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 
 987,407
 
 987,407
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs 
 2,034
 
 2,034
Private label residential MBS 
 35,615
 
 35,615
Private label commercial MBS 
 5,412
 
 5,412
Trust preferred 
 24,728
 
 24,728
CRA Investments 23,497
 
 
 23,497
Total AFS $134,687
 $1,231,746
 $
 $1,366,433
Positive NPVs on interest rate swaps $
 $14,650
 $
 $14,650
Liabilities:        
Junior subordinated debt $
 $
 $42,836
 $42,836
Negative NPVs on interest rate swaps $
 $15,553
 $
 $15,553


44

Table of June 30, 2013, trust preferred securities transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 due to the unavailability of active trade information. Per the Company’s policy, the transfer is deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period.

Contents


  Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
  Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 Fair Value
  (in thousands)
December 31, 2013        
Assets:        
Measured at fair value        
Residential MBS issued by GSEs $
 $3,036
 $
 $3,036
Available-for-sale        
U.S. government sponsored agency securities $
 $46,975
 $
 $46,975
Municipal obligations 
 115,665
 
 115,665
Preferred stock 61,484
 
 
 61,484
Mutual funds 36,532
 
 
 36,532
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 
 1,021,421
 
 1,021,421
Private label residential MBS 
 36,099
 
 36,099
Private label commercial MBS 
 5,433
 
 5,433
Trust preferred 
 23,805
 
 23,805
CRA Investments 23,282
 
 
 23,282
Total AFS $121,298
 $1,249,398
 $
 $1,370,696
Positive NPVs on interest rate swaps $
 $2,783
 $
 $2,783
Liabilities:        
Junior subordinated debt $
 $
 $41,858
 $41,858
Negative NPVs on interest rate swaps $
 $4,168
 $
 $4,168
For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, the change in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis was as follows:

Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

 
   Junior Subordinated Debt 
   Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
   2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Opening balance

  $(39,925 $(36,687

Transfers into Level 3

   —      —    

Transfers out of Level 3

   —      —    

Total gains or losses for the period

   

Included in earnings (or changes in net assets) (1)

   478    469  

Included in other comprehensive income

   —      —    

Purchases, sales, and settlements

   

Purchases

   —      —    

Sales

   —      —    

Settlements

   —      —    
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Closing balance

  $(39,447 $(36,218
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Change in unrealized gains (losses) for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) held at the end of the reporting period.

  $478   $469  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 Junior Subordinated Debt
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2014 2013
 (in thousands)
Opening balance$(41,858) $(36,218)
Total losses for the period   
Included in earnings (and changes in net assets) (a)(978) (469)
Closing balance$(42,836) $(36,687)
Change in unrealized losses for the three month period included in earnings (and changes in net assets)$(978) $(469)
(1)
(a)Total gains (losses)losses for the period are included in the non-interest income line, mark to market (losses) gains,unrealized losses on assets / liabilities measured at fair value, net.

   Junior Subordinated Debt 
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Opening balance

  $(36,218 $(36,985

Transfers into Level 3

   —      —    

Transfers out of Level 3

   —      — ��  

Total gains or losses for the period

   

Included in earnings (or changes in net assets) (1)

   (3,229  767  

Included in other comprehensive income

   —      —    

Purchases, sales, and settlements

   

Purchases

   —      —    

Sales

   —      —    

Settlements

   —      —    
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Closing balance

  $(39,447 $(36,218
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Change in unrealized gains (losses) for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) held at the end of the reporting period.

  $(3,229 $767  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)Total gains (losses) for the period are included in the non-interest income line, mark to market (losses) gains, net.

For Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements as of the periods presented, were as follows:

   Fair Value at           
   September 30,
2013
   Valuation
Technique
  

Significant

Unobservable Inputs

  Input Value 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Junior subordinated debt

  $39,447    Discounted cash flow  

BB Corporate Bond over Treasury Index

with comparable credit spread

   6.280
   Fair Value at           
   December 31,
2012
   Valuation
Technique
  

Significant

Unobservable Inputs

  Input Value 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Junior subordinated debt

  $ 36,218    Discounted cash flow  Median market spreads on publicly issued trust preferreds with comparable credit risk   6.846

  
Fair Value at
March 31, 2014
 Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs Input Value
  (dollars in thousands)
Junior subordinated debt $42,836
 Discounted cash flow BB Corporate Bond over Treasury Index with comparable credit spread 5.692%

45

Table of Contents

  
Fair Value at
December 31, 2013
 Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs Input Value
  (dollars in thousands)
Junior subordinated debt $41,858
 Discounted cash flow BB Corporate Bond over Treasury Index with comparable credit spread 5.861%
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s junior subordinated debt as of September 30, 2013 are the BB Corporate Bond over Treasury Index with comparable credit risk and, as of December 31, 2012, are the calculated or estimated credit spreads on comparable publicly traded company trust preferred issuances, which were non-investment grade and non-rated. Significant increases (decreases) in these inputs could result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

Fair value on a nonrecurring basis

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; thatbasis. That is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). The following table presents such assets carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheetbalance sheet by caption and by level within the FASB ASC 825 hierarchy:

   Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting  Period Using 
   Total   Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets

(Level 1)
   Active
Markets for
Similar Assets
(Level 2)
   Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
   (in thousands) 

As of September 30, 2013:

        

Impaired loans with specific valuation allowance

  $14,808    $—      $—      $14,808  

Impaired loans without specific valuation allowance

   95,843     —       —       95,843  

Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   76,475     —       —       76,475  

As of December 31, 2012:

        

Impaired loans with specific valuation allowance

  $38,672    $—      $—      $38,672  

Impaired loans without specific valuation allowance

   67,207     —       —       67,207  

Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   77,247     —       —       77,247  

  Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
  Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 Active Markets for Similar Assets
(Level 2)
 Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
  (in thousands)
As of March 31, 2014:        
Impaired loans with specific valuation allowance $18,202
 $
 $
 $18,202
Impaired loans without specific valuation allowance 91,925
 
 
 91,925
Other assets acquired through foreclosure 56,450
 
 
 56,450
December 31, 2013        
Impaired loans with specific valuation allowance $20,474
 $
 $
 $20,474
Impaired loans without specific valuation allowance 95,695
 
 
 95,695
Other assets acquired through foreclosure 66,719
 
 
 66,719
Impaired loans: The specific reserves for collateral dependent impaired loans are based on the fair value of the collateral. The fair value of collateral is determined based on third-party appraisals. Appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches, including comparable sales and the income approach. Fair value is determined, where possible, using market prices derived from an appraisal or evaluation, which are considered to be Level 2. However, certain assumptions and unobservable inputs are often used by the appraiser;appraiser, therefore qualifying the assets as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. In some cases, adjustments are made to the appraised values due to various factors, including age of the appraisal (which are generally obtained every twelve months), age of comparables included in the appraisal and known changes in the market and in the collateral. When significant adjustments are based on unobservable inputs, such as when a current appraised value is not available or Managementmanagement determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below appraised value and there is no observable market price, the resulting fair value measurement has been categorized as a Level 3 measurement. These Level 3 impaired loans had an aggregate carrying amount of $20.7$22.1 million and $51.5$25.8 million, respectively, at March 31, 2014 and specificDecember 31, 2013. Specific reserves in the allowance for creditloan losses of $5.9for these loans were $3.9 million and $12.9$5.3 million, respectively, at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012, respectively.2013.

Other assets acquired through foreclosure: Other assets acquired through foreclosure consist of properties acquired as a result of, or in-lieu-of, foreclosure. Properties or other assets classified as other assets acquired through foreclosure and other repossessed property and are initially reported at the fair value determined by independent appraisals using appraised value, less cost to sell. Such properties are generally re-appraised every six to twelve months. There is risk for subsequent volatility. Costs relating to the development or improvement of the assets are capitalized and costs relating to holding the assets are charged to expense. The Company had $76.5 million and $77.2$56.5 million of such assets at September 30, 2013 and DecemberMarch 31, 2012, respectively.2014. Fair value is determined, where possible, using market prices derived from an appraisal or evaluation, which are considered to be Level 2. However, certain assumptions and unobservable inputs are often used by the appraiser;appraisal, therefore qualifying the assets as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. When significant adjustments are based on unobservable inputs, such as when a current appraised value is not available or Managementmanagement determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below appraised value and there is no observable market price, the resulting fair value measurement has been categorized as a Level 3 measurement.


46


Credit vs. non-credit losses

The Company applies

Under the provisions of FASB ASC 320, to its AFS and HTM investment securities portfolios. The OTTI wasis separated into (1) the amount of total impairment related to the credit loss and (2) the amount of the total impairment related to all other factors. The amount of the total OTTI related to the credit loss wasis recognized in earnings. The amount of the total impairment related to all other factors wasis recognized in OCI. The OTTI was presented in the Consolidated Income Statement with an offset for the amount of the total OTTI that was recognized in OCI.

other comprehensive income.

For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and 2012, the Company determined that no securities containedexperienced credit losses.

   Private Label
Mortgage-Backed
Securities
 
   Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Beginning balance of impairment losses held in other comprehensive income

  $(1,811 $(1,811

Current period other-than temporary impairment credit losses recognized through earnings

   —      —    

Reductions for securities sold during the period

   1,811    —    

Additions or reductions in credit losses due to change of intent to sell

   —      —    

Reductions for increases in cash flows to be collected on impaired securities

   —      —    
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance of net unrealized gains and (losses) held in other comprehensive income

  $—     $(1,811
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The following table presents a rollforward of the amount related to impairment credit losses recognized in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013: 
 Private Label Mortgage- Backed Securities
 Three Months Ended
 2014 2013
 (in thousands)
Beginning balance of impairment losses held in other comprehensive income$
 $(1,811)
Current period OTTI credit losses recognized through earnings
 
Reductions for securities sold during the period
 
Additions or reductions in credit losses due to change of intent to sell
 
Reductions for increases in cash flows to be collected on impaired securities
 
Ending balance of net unrealized losses held in other comprehensive income$
 $(1,811)
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments is as follows:

   September 30, 2013 
   Carrying   Fair Value 
   Amount   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Financial assets:

  

Investment securities

  $1,366,615    $176,570    $1,188,472    $8    $1,365,050  

Derivatives (1)

   39     —       39     —       39  

Loans, net

   6,418,432     —       5,876,917     110,651     5,987,568  

Financial liabilities:

          

Deposits

   7,275,311     —       7,349,886     —       7,349,886  

Customer repurchases

   55,524     —       55,524     —       55,524  

Securities sold short

   126,664     126,664     —       —       126,664  

Other borrowings

   394,105     45,785     274,277     82,500     402,562  

Junior subordinated debt

   39,447     —       —       39,447     39,447  

Derivatives (2)

   2,188     —       2,188     —       2,188  

(1)Included in other assets.
(2)Included in other liabilities.

   December 31, 2012 
   Carrying   Fair Value 
   Amount   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Financial assets:

  

Investment securities

  $1,235,984    $216,337    $1,021,133    $—      $1,237,470  

Derivatives (1)

   777     —       777     —       777  

Loans, net

   5,613,891     —       5,156,776     105,879     5,262,655  

Financial liabilities:

          

Deposits

   6,455,177     —       6,458,100     —       6,458,100  

Customer repurchases

   79,034     —       79,034     —       79,034  

Other borrowings

   193,717     —       120,000     85,125     205,125  

Junior subordinated debt

   36,218     —       —       36,218     36,218  

Derivatives (2)

   751     —       751     —       751  

(1)Included in other assets.
(2)Included in other liabilities.

  March 31, 2014
  Carrying Amount Fair Value
   Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
  (in thousands)
Financial assets:          
Investment securities:          
HTM $275,738
 $10,781
 $270,694
 $8
 $281,483
AFS 1,366,433
 134,687
 1,231,746
 
 1,366,433
Trading 2,943
 
 2,943
 
 2,943
Positive NPVs on interest rate swaps 14,650
 
 14,650
 
 14,650
Loans, net 7,004,700
 
 6,358,264
 110,127
 6,468,391
Financial liabilities:          
Deposits 8,148,973
 
 8,152,956
 
 8,152,956
Customer repurchases 57,407
 
 57,407
 
 57,407
Securities sold short 109,793
 109,793
 
 
 109,793
FHLB and FRB advances 273,490
 
 273,490
 
 273,490
Other borrowed funds 69,326
 5,000
 
 71,683
 76,683
Junior subordinated debt 42,836
 
 
 42,836
 42,836
Negative NPVs on interest rate swaps 15,553
 
 15,553
 
 15,553


47


  December 31, 2013
  Carrying Amount Fair Value
   Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
  (in thousands)
Financial assets:          
Investment securities:          
HTM $283,006
 $22,200
 $259,496
 $8
 $281,704
AFS 1,370,696
 121,298
 1,249,398
 
 1,370,696
Trading 3,036
 
 3,036
 
 3,036
Positive NPVs on interest rate swaps 2,783
 
 2,783
 
 2,783
Loans, net 6,701,365
 
 6,090,962
 116,169
 6,207,131
Financial liabilities:          
Deposits 7,838,205
 
 7,842,014
 
 7,842,014
Customer repurchases 71,192
 
 71,192
 
 71,192
FHLB and FRB advances 273,879
 
 273,879
 
 273,879
Other borrowed funds 67,217
 3,000
 
 71,475
 74,475
Junior subordinated debt 41,858
 
 
 41,858
 41,858
Negative NPVs on interest rate swaps 4,168
 
 4,168
 
 4,168
Interest rate risk

The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk to the Company’s earnings and capital from changes in interest rate levels) as a result of its normal operations. As a result, the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as well as its future net interest income will change when interest rate levels change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company.

Interest rate risk exposure is measured using interest rate sensitivity analysis to determine theour change in net portfolio value and net interest income resulting from hypothetical changes in interest rates. If potential changes to net portfolio value and net interest income resulting from hypothetical interest rate changes are not within the limits established by the Board of Directors, the Board of Directors may direct Managementmanagement to adjust the asset and liability mix to bring interest rate risk within Board-approved limits. As of September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, the Company’s interest rate risk profile was within Board-approved limits.

Each of the Company’s subsidiary banks

WAB has an Asset and Liability Management CommitteeALCO charged with managing interest rate risk within Board-approvedthe Board of Directors approved limits. Such limits may vary by bank based on local strategy and other considerations, but in all cases,Limits are structured to prohibit an interest rate risk profile that is significantly asset or liability sensitive.unacceptable to both management and Board of Directors risk tolerances. There is also exists an Asset and Liability Management CommitteeALCO at the holding company level that reviews the interest rate risk of each subsidiary bank, as well as an aggregated position for the entire Company.

Fair value of commitments

The estimated fair value of standby letters of credit outstanding at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 20122013 was insignificant. Loan commitments on which the committed interest rates were less than the current market rate are also insignificant at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012.

2013.


48


12. INCOME TAXES

Deferred taxDISPOSITIONS

PartnersFirst Discontinued Operations
The Company has discontinued its affinity credit card business, PartnersFirst, and has presented these activities as discontinued operations. The following table summarizes the operating results of the discontinued operations for the periods indicated: 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands)
Operating revenue $(144) $1,139
Non-interest expenses (858) (1,074)
(Loss) income before income taxes (1,002) 65
Income tax (benefit) expense (348) 27
Net (loss) income $(654) $38
13. SEGMENTS
On December 31, 2013, the Company consolidated its three bank subsidiaries under one charter, Western Alliance Bank. As a result, the Company has redefined its operating segments to reflect the new organizational and internal reporting structure. Prior year segment information has not been recast to conform to the new segmentation methodology due to the impracticability of restating segments because of the change in legal structure at December 31, 2013. The new operating segments are as follows: Arizona, Nevada, California, Specialty Finance and Corporate & Other.
The Company's reportable segments are aggregated primarily based on geographic location, services offered and markets served. The Arizona, Nevada and California segments provide full service banking and related services to their respective markets. The Company's Specialty Finance segment provides banking services to niche markets. These Specialty Finance businesses are broader in geographic scope and are managed centrally. Corporate & Other consists of corporate-related items, income and expense items not allocated to our other reportable segments and inter-segment eliminations.
The accounting policies of the reported segments are the same as those of the Company as described in "Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of these Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company's segment reporting process begins with the assignment of all loan and deposit accounts directly to the segments where these products are originated and/or serviced. Equity capital is assigned to each segment based on the risk profile of their assets and liabilities, with a funds credit provided for the use of this equity as a funding source.
Net interest income, provision for credit losses and non-interest expense amounts are includedrecorded in their respective segment to the Consolidated Financial Statements at currently enactedextent that the amounts are directly attributable to those segments. Net interest income is recorded in each segment on a TEB with a corresponding increase in income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred taxexpense. Further, net interest income of a reportable segment includes a funds transfer pricing process that matches assets and liabilities with similar interest rate sensitivity and maturity characteristics.
Net income amounts for each reportable segment is further derived by the use of expense allocations. Certain expenses not directly attributable to a specific segment are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.

Although realization is not assured, the Company believes that the realization of the recognized net deferred tax asset of $79.6 million at September 30, 2013 is more likely than notallocated across all segments based on expectationskey metrics, such as number of employees, average loan balances and average deposit balances. These types of expenses include information technology, operations, human resources, finance, risk management, credit administration, legal and marketing.

Income taxes are applied to future taxable income andeach segment based on available tax planning strategies as defined in FASB ASC 740,Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), that could be implemented if necessary to prevent a carryforward from expiring.

Based on its internal analysis, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will fully utilize deferred federal tax assets pertaining to the existing net operating loss carryforwards and any net operating loss (“NOL”) that would be created by the reversal of the future net deductions that have not yet been taken on a tax return.

The Company’s effective tax rate was 24.8% and 30.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 21.6% and 28.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The reduction in the effective tax rate fromfor the first three quartersgeographic location of 2012, compared to the first three quarters of 2013 is primarily due to the bargain purchase gain related to the Centennial acquisition, low income housing tax credits, an increase in tax exempt income from revenue from municipal obligations, as well as a reductionsegment. Any difference in the deferredcorporate tax valuation allowance for capital loss carryovers arising from transactions that resulted in capital gains.

At September 30, 2013,rate and the Company has a deferredaggregate effective tax valuation allowance of $5.2 million (compared to $8.0 million at December 31, 2012).

The deferred tax asset related to state net operating loss carryovers outstanding at September 30, 2013 is comprised of $1.9 million of tax benefits from Arizona net operating loss carryovers that began to expire in 2013. All of the Company’s remaining California net operating loss carryforwards have been utilized in 2013.

Uncertain Tax Position

The Company files income tax returnsrates in the U.S. federal jurisdiction andsegments are adjusted in various states. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2008.

The Company would recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. The Company has not recognized or accrued any interest or penalties for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Management believes that the Company has appropriate support for the income tax positions taken and to be taken on its tax returns and that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open years based on an assessmentCorporate & Other segment.


49

Table of many factors, including past experience and interpretation of tax law applied to the facts of each matter.

13. SEGMENTS

The Company provides a full range of banking and related financial services through its consolidated subsidiaries. Applicable guidance provides that the identification of reportable segments be on the basis of discrete business units and their financial information to the extent such units are reviewed by the entity’s chief decision maker.

At September 30, 2013, the Company consists of the following segments: “Western Alliance Bank,” “Bank of Nevada,” “Torrey Pines Bank” and “Other” (Western Alliance Bancorporation holding company, WAEF, LVSP, Shine Investment Advisory Services, Inc. until October 31, 2012, and the discontinued operations).

Transactions between segments consist primarily of borrowed funds and loan participations. Federal funds purchased and sold and other borrowed funding transactions that resulted in inter-segment profits were eliminated for reporting consolidated results of operations. Loan participations were recorded at par value with no resulting gain or loss. The Company allocated centrally provided services to the operating segments based upon estimated usage of those services.

Contents


The following is a summary of selected operating segment information as of and for the three and nine month periodsmonths ended September 30, 2013 and 2012:

Western Alliance Bancorporation and Subsidiaries

Operating Segment Results

Unaudited

               Inter-    
               segment  Consoli- 
   Western  Bank  Torrey     elimi-  dated 
   Alliance Bank  of Nevada  Pines Bank*  Other  nations  Company 
   (dollars in millions) 

At September 30, 2013

  

Assets

  $3,346.7   $3,288.1   $2,076.2   $1,127.8   $(917.4 $8,921.4  

Held for sale loans

   —      —      25.4    —      —      25.4  

Gross loans and deferred fees, net

   2,589.2    2,387.1    1,498.7    58.9    (43.0  6,490.9  

Less: Allowance for credit losses

   (28.0  (51.0  (18.3  (0.6  —      (97.9
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans, net

   2,561.2    2,336.1    1,480.4    58.3    (43.0  6,393.0  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Goodwill and intangible assets

   2.8    25.1    —      —      —      27.9  

Deposits

   2,832.0    2,613.5    1,844.7    —      (14.9  7,275.3  

Borrowings

   81.4    203.0    3.2    106.5    —      394.1  

Stockholders’ equity

   291.5    373.7    171.8    844.7    (855.4  826.3  

No. of branches

   18    12    12    —      —      42  
   (in thousands) 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2013:

       

Net interest income (expense)

  $33,755   $31,888   $21,055   $(2,139 $—     $84,559  

Provision for (recovery of) credit losses

   6,277    (6,918  2,387    (1,746  —      —    
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses

   27,478    38,806    18,668    (393  —      84,559  

Non-interest income

   1,816    2,314    108    2,914    (4,527  2,625  

Non-interest expense

   (15,520  (18,799  (11,949  (7,934  4,527    (49,675
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

   13,774    22,321    6,827    (5,413  —      37,509  

Income tax expense (benefit)

   3,977    6,027    2,230    (2,946  —      9,288  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations

   9,797   ��16,294    4,597    (2,467  —      28,221  

Loss from discontinued operations, net

   —      —      —      (29  —      (29
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $9,797   $16,294   $4,597   $(2,496 $—     $28,192  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   (in thousands) 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013:

       

Net interest income (expense)

  $92,920   $91,821   $62,435   $(4,262 $—     $242,914  

Provision for (recovery of) credit losses

   9,921    (5,514  3,219    1,294    —      8,920  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses

   82,999    97,335    59,216    (5,556  —      233,994  

Non-interest income

   14,520    9,383    1,312    4,325    (12,154  17,386  

Non-interest expense

   (45,688  (52,724  (35,876  (23,001  12,154    (145,135
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

   51,831    53,994    24,652    (24,232  —      106,245  

Income tax expense (benefit)

   13,066    14,292    7,898    (12,343  —      22,913  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations

   38,765    39,702    16,754    (11,889  —      83,332  

Loss from discontinued operations, net

   —      —      —      (160  —      (160
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $38,765   $39,702   $16,754   $(12,049 $—     $83,172  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

March 31, 2014: 
  Arizona Nevada California Specialty Finance Corporate & Other Consolidated Company
  (dollars in millions)
At March 31, 2014            
Assets:            
Cash, cash equivalents and investment securities $3.3
 $7.0
 $2.6
 $0.5
 $2,123.8
 $2,137.2
Gross loans and deferred fees, net 2,032.3
 1,723.8
 1,663.1
 1,621.2
 68.2
 7,108.6
Less: allowance for credit losses (29.7) (25.2) (24.3) (23.7) (1.0) (103.9)
Loans, net 2,002.6
 1,698.6
 1,638.8
 1,597.5
 67.2
 7,004.7
Other repossessed assets 11.9
 21.9
 0.3
 
 22.0
 56.1
Goodwill and intangible assets, net 2.4
 24.4
 
 
 
 26.8
Other assets 33.8
 67.8
 25.5
 18.0
 376.7
 521.9
Total assets $2,054.0
 $1,819.7
 $1,667.2
 $1,616.0
 $2,589.7
 $9,746.6
Liabilities:            
Deposits $2,166.0
 $3,024.6
 $1,867.3
 $845.1
 $246.0
 $8,149.0
Borrowings 
 
 
 
 342.8
 342.8
Other liabilities 21.7
 48.3
 9.8
 20.4
 259.8
 360.0
Total liabilities 2,187.7
 3,072.9
 1,877.1
 865.5
 848.6
 8,851.8
Allocated equity 219.4
 207.9
 178.7
 123.2
 165.6
 894.8
Liabilities and stockholders' equity $2,407.1
 $3,280.8
 $2,055.8
 $988.7
 $1,014.2
 $9,746.6
Excess funds provided (used) 353.1
 1,461.1
 388.6
 (627.3) (1,575.5) 
  (in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2014:            
Net interest income (expense) $26,608
 $28,595
 $22,792
 $13,964
 $(1,182) $90,777
Provision for credit losses 1,558
 (884) 655
 2,170
 1
 3,500
Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses 25,050
 29,479
 22,137
 11,794
 (1,183) 87,277
Non-interest income 820
 2,289
 1,250
 82
 394
 4,835
Non-interest expense (13,304) (15,236) (13,043) (6,508) (1,658) (49,749)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes 12,566
 16,532
 10,344
 5,368
 (2,447) 42,363
Income tax expense (benefit) 4,929
 5,787
 4,350
 2,013
 (6,455) 10,624
Income from continuing operations 7,637
 10,745
 5,994
 3,355
 4,008
 31,739
Loss from discontinued operations, net 
 
 
 
 (654) (654)
     Net income $7,637
 $10,745
 $5,994
 $3,355
 $3,354
 $31,085



50

Table of Contents

*Excludes discontinued operations.
Item 2.Management's Discussions and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Western Alliance Bancorporation and Subsidiaries

Operating Segment Results

Unaudited

               Inter-    
               segment  Consoli- 
   Western  Bank  Torrey     elimi-  dated 
   Alliance Bank  of Nevada  Pines Bank*  Other  nations  Company 
   (dollars in millions) 

At September 30, 2012

     

Assets

  $2,429.8   $2,918.0   $1,888.7   $961.3   $(794.2 $7,403.6  

Gross loans and deferred fees, net

   1,871.4    2,061.0    1,430.6    12.8    (42.9  5,332.9  

Less: Allowance for credit losses

   (20.4  (59.5  (17.5  —      —      (97.4
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loans, net

   1,851.0    2,001.5    1,413.1    12.8    (42.9  5,235.5  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Goodwill and intangible assets

   —      23.2    —      —      —      23.2  

Deposits

   2,150.5    2,408.5    1,613.8    —      (10.8  6,162.0  

Borrowings

   —      110.0    40.0    —       150.0  

Stockholders’ equity

   217.3    339.1    168.4    702.3    (729.1  698.0  

No. of branches

   16    11    12    —      —      39  
   (in thousands) 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2012:

       

Net interest income (expense)

  $24,449   $27,717   $21,795   $(2,015 $—     $71,946  

Provision for credit losses

   1,112    6,618    1,202    —      —      8,932  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses

   23,337    21,099    20,593    (2,015  —      63,014  

Non-interest income

   1,173    3,259    855    4,647    (2,952  6,982  

Non-interest expense

   (11,980  (16,467  (11,082  (10,966  2,952    (47,543
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

   12,530    7,891    10,366    (8,334  —      22,453  

Income tax expense (benefit)

   3,768    2,055    3,958    (3,029  —      6,752  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations

   8,762    5,836    6,408    (5,305  —      15,701  

Loss from discontinued operations, net

   —      —      —      (243  —      (243
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $8,762   $5,836   $6,408   $(5,548 $—     $15,458  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   (in thousands) 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012:

       

Net interest income (expense)

  $71,564   $83,054   $64,406   $(6,216 $—     $212,808  

Provision for credit losses

   1,215    28,846    5,282    —      —      35,343  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses

   70,349    54,208    59,124    (6,216  —      177,465  

Non-interest income

   5,021    11,132    3,111    8,539    (7,540  20,263  

Noninterest expense

   (35,986  (53,437  (33,492  (24,496  7,540    (139,871
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

   39,384    11,903    28,743    (22,173  —      57,857  

Income tax expense (benefit)

   13,031    1,341    11,255    (9,175  —      16,452  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations

   26,353    10,562    17,488    (12,998  —      41,405  

Loss from discontinued operations, net

   —      —      —      (686  —      (686
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $26,353   $10,562   $17,488   $(13,684 $—     $40,719  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

*Excludes discontinued operations.

14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 1, 2013, the Company completed the sale of certain receivables related to its discontinued affinity credit card business, PartnersFirst. These receivables were classified as held for sale and totaled $25.4 million as of September 30, 2013. No significant gain or loss was recognized as a result of this transaction.

Management has reviewed events occurring through the date the financial statements were available to be issued and other than the subsequent event disclosed above, no other subsequent events have occurred that would require accrual or disclosure.

ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion is designed to provide insight into Management’smanagement's assessment of significant trends related to the Company’sCompany's consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital resources and interest rate sensitivity. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’sCompany's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20122013 and the interim unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements and notesNotes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements hereto and financial information appearing elsewhere in this report. Unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “Company,” “we,”"Company," "we," and “our”"our" refer to Western Alliance Bancorporation and its wholly ownedwholly-owned subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

Forward-Looking Information

This report contains certain forward-looking

Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are intended toamended. The Company intends such forward-looking statements be covered by the safe harbor provisions for “forward-looking statements” provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Theseforward-looking statements. All statements may include statements that expressly or implicitly predict future results, performance or events. Statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. In addition, the words “anticipates,” “expects,” “believes,” “estimates”“forward-looking statements” for purposes of federal and “intends”state securities laws, including statements that are related to or the negative of these termsare dependent on estimates or other comparable terminology constitute “forward-looking statements.” Forward-looking statements relateassumptions relating to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. Except as required by law, the Company disclaims any obligation to update any such
The forward-looking statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments.

Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q reflect our current views about future events and financial performance and involve substantialcertain risks, uncertainties, assumptions and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond the control of the Company andchanges in circumstances that may cause our actual results to differ significantly from historical results and those expressed in any forward-looking statement.statement, including those risks discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q. Risks and uncertainties include those set forth in our filings with the Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC and the following factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those presented:

1) financial market and economic conditions in the financial markets and the economy may adversely impacteffecting financial performance;

2) dependency on real estate and events that negatively impact real estate;

3) high concentration of commercial real estate, construction and development and commercial and industrial loans;

4) actual credit losses may exceed expected losses in the loan portfolio;

5) the geographic concentrations of our assets increaseincreases the risks related to local economic conditions;

the effects of interest rates and interest rate policy;

6) sovereign credit rating downgrades; 7) exposure of financial instruments to certain market risks may cause volatility in earnings;

8) dependence on low-cost deposits;

9) ability to borrow from Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”)the FHLB or Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”);

the FRB; 10) events that further impair goodwill;

increase 11) a change in the cost of funding as a result of changes to our credit rating;

creditworthiness; 12) expansion strategies may not be successful;

our ability to control costs;

13) risk associated with changes in internal controls and processes;

the recent consolidation of our bank subsidiaries; 14) our ability to compete in a highly competitive market;

15) our ability to recruit and retain qualified employees, especially seasoned relationship bankers;

bankers and senior management; 16) the effects of terrorist attacks or threats of war;

17) perpetration of internalinternet fraud;

18) information security breaches; 19) reliance on other companies' infrastructure; 20) risk management policies not fully effective; 21) risks associated with new lines of businesses; 22) risk of operating in a highly regulated industry and our ability to remain in compliance;

possible need 23) failure to revalue our deferred tax assets if stock transactions resultcomply with state and federal banking agency laws and regulations; 24) changes in limitations on deductibility of net operating losses or loan losses;

interest rates and increased rate competition; 25) exposure to environmental liabilities related to the properties to which we acquire title;

legislative and regulatory changes including Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, or EESA, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, or ARRA, and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and the rules and regulations that might be promulgated thereunder;

cyber security risks; and

26) risks related to ownership and price of our common stock.

For additionalmore information regarding risks that may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

2013.

Financial Overview and Highlights

Western Alliance Bancorporation

WAL is a multi-bankbank holding company headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona that provides full servicecomprehensive business banking and lendingrelated financial services through its subsidiaries.

wholly-owned banking subsidiary bank: WAB, doing business as ABA in Arizona, as FIB in Northern Nevada, as AAB throughout the U.S., as BON in Southern Nevada, and as TPB in California. In addition, the Company has two non-bank subsidiaries, WAEF, which offers equipment finance services nationwide, and LVSP, which holds and manages certain non-performing loans and OREO.

Financial Result Highlights for the ThirdFirst Quarter of 20132014

Net income available to common stockholders for the Company of $28.2$30.7 million, or $0.32$0.35 per diluted share, for the thirdfirst quarter of 2013,2014, compared to net income of $15.5$20.5 million, or $0.18$0.24 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2012.

2013.

The significant factors impacting earnings of the Company during the thirdfirst quarter of 20132014 were:

Net income available

Pre-tax, pre-provision operating earnings (see Non-GAAP Financial Measures beginning on page 53) for the first quarter of 2014 increased $9.3 million to common shareholders of $27.8$44.4 million, compared to $35.1 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2013, compared2013.

51


The Company experienced loan growth of $307.2 million to $15.1 million for$7.11 billion at March 31, 2014 from $6.80 billion at December 31, 2013.
During the third quarter 2012.

Net interest income increased by 17.5% to $84.6 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2013, compared to $71.9 million for2014, the third quarter of 2012.

Net interest margin for the third quarter of 2013 remained flat at 4.41%, compared to the third quarter of 2012.

Provision for credit losses decreased to zero for the third quarter of 2013, compared to $8.9 million for the third quarter of 2012.

Net loan growth in the third quarter of 2013 of $104.8Company increased deposits by $310.8 million to $6.52 billion. Total loans increased $1.18 billion over the last twelve months from $5.33$8.15 billion at September 30, 2012.

Total deposits increased during the quarter by $274.0 million to $7.28March 31, 2014 from $7.84 billion at September 30,December 31, 2013. Deposits increased $1.11 billion over the last twelve months from $6.16 billion at September 30, 2012.

Net recoveries (annualized) to average loans outstanding were 0.10% in the third quarter of 2013, compared to net charge-offs of 0.70% in the third quarter of 2012.

Nonperforming assets (nonaccrual loans and assets acquired through foreclosure) decreased to 1.7% of total assets from 2.7% in the third quarter 2012.

Other assets acquired through foreclosure declined by $10.2 million to $76.5$56.5 million at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 from $78.2$66.7 million at September 30, 2012.

December 31, 2013.

Provision for credit losses for the first quarter of 2014 decreased by $1.9 million to $3.5 million, compared to $5.4 million for the first quarter of 2013, as net charge-offs also declined by $5.7 million to net recoveries of $0.3 million in the first quarter of 2014, compared to net charge-offs of $5.4 million the first quarter of 2013.
Net interest margin increased to 4.41%, compared to 4.36% for the first quarter of 2013.
Key asset quality ratios improved for the first quarter of 2014 compared to 2013. Nonaccrual loans and repossessed assets to total assets improved to 1.30% from 2.10% in the first quarter of 2013 and nonaccrual loans to gross loans improved to 0.99% at the end of the first quarter of 2014 compared to 1.60% at the end of the first quarter 2013.
The impact to the Company from these items, and others of both a positive and negative nature, will beare discussed in more detail below as they pertain to the Company’s overall comparative performance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 throughout the analysis sectionsMarch 31, 2014.
Results of this report.

Operations and Financial Conditions

A summary of our results of operations and financial condition and select metrics is included in the following table:

   Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,  September 30, 
   2013  2012  2013  2012 
   (in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Net income available to common stockholders

  $27,840   $15,106   $82,114   $37,279  

Basic earnings per share

   0.32    0.18    0.96    0.46  

Diluted earnings per share

   0.32    0.18    0.95    0.45  

Total assets

  $8,921,429   $7,403,603    

Gross loans

  $6,516,283   $5,332,932    

Total deposits

  $7,275,311   $6,161,976    

Net interest margin

   4.41  4.41  4.38  4.47

Return on average assets

   1.30  0.85  1.35  0.77

Return on average stockholders’ equity

   13.63  8.95  14.01  8.09

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net income available to common stockholders $30,732
 $20,532
Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders--basic 0.35
 0.24
Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders--diluted 0.35
 0.24
Net interest margin 4.41% 4.36%
Return on average assets 1.35
 1.07
Return on average tangible common equity 17.55
 13.93
  Mar 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
  (in thousands)
Total assets $9,746,624
 $9,307,342
Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs 7,108,599
 6,801,415
Total deposits 8,148,973
 7,838,205
As a bank holding company, management focuses on key ratios in evaluating the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

52


Asset Quality

For all banks and bank holding companies, asset quality plays a significant role in the overall financial condition of the institution and results of operations. The Company measures asset quality in terms of nonaccrual loans as a percentage of gross loans and net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans. Net charge-offs are calculated as the difference between charged-off loans and recovery payments received on previously charged-off loans. The following table summarizes these asset quality metrics:

   Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,  September 30, 
   2013  2012  2013  2012 
   (in thousands)    

Non-accrual loans

  $76,641   $121,238    

Non-performing assets

   245,959    294,517    

Non-accrual loans to gross loans

   1.18  2.27  

Net (recoveries) charge-offs to average loans—annualized

   (0.10)%   0.70  0.22  0.99

  Mar 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
  (in thousands)
Non-accrual loans $70,401
 $75,680
Non-performing assets 216,542
 233,509
Non-accrual loans to gross loans 0.99 % 1.11%
Net (recoveries) charge-offs to average loans - annualized (0.02) 0.13
Asset and Deposit Growth

The Company’s assets and liabilities are comprised primarily of loans and deposits; therefore, the ability to originate new loans and attract new deposits is fundamental to the Company’s asset growth. The Company’s assets and liabilities are comprised primarily of loans and deposits. Total assets increased to $8.92$9.75 billion at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 from $7.62$9.31 billion at December 31, 2012.2013. Total gross loans, including net of deferred fees and unearned income,costs, increased by $807.0$307.2 million, or 14%4.5%, to $6.52$7.11 billion as of September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, compared to $5.71 billion at December 31, 2012. Total deposits increased $820.1 million, or 13%, to $7.28 billion as of September 30, 2013 from $6.46$6.80 billion as of December 31, 2012.

2013. Total deposits increased $310.8 million, or 4.0%, to $8.15 billion as of March 31, 2014 from $7.84 billion as of December 31, 2013.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth a summary financial overview for the comparable threeyears: 
  Three Months Ended March 31, Increase
  2014 2013 (Decrease)
  (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Consolidated Income Statement Data:    
Interest income $98,701
 $83,108
 $15,593
Interest expense 7,924
 6,905
 1,019
Net interest income 90,777
 76,203
 14,574
Provision for credit losses 3,500
 5,439
 (1,939)
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 87,277
 70,764
 16,513
Non-interest income 4,835
 4,799
 36
Non-interest expense 49,749
 46,929
 2,820
Net income from continuing operations before income taxes 42,363
 28,634
 13,729
Income tax provision 10,624
 7,787
 2,837
Income from continuing operations 31,739
 20,847
 10,892
(Loss) gain from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit (654) 38
 (692)
Net income $31,085
 $20,885
 $10,200
Net income available to common stockholders $30,732
 $20,532
 $10,200
Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders—basic $0.35
 $0.24
 $0.11
Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders—diluted $0.35
 $0.24
 $0.11
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following discussion and nineanalysis contains financial information determined by methods other than those prescribed by GAAP. The Company's management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in their analysis of the Company's performance. These measurements typically adjust GAAP performance measures to exclude the effects of unrealized gains (losses) on assets/liabilities measured at fair value as well as to adjust income available to common shareholders for certain significant activities or transactions that, in management's opinion, do not reflect recurring period-to-period comparisons of the Company's performance. Since the presentation of these GAAP performance measures and their impact differ between companies,

53


management believes presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information that is essential to a complete understanding of the operating results of the Company's core businesses. These non-GAAP disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for operating results determined in accordance with GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies.
Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Operating Earnings
Pre-tax, pre-provision operating earnings adjusts the level of earnings to exclude the impact of income taxes, provision for credit losses and non-recurring or other items not considered part of the Company's core operations. Management believes that eliminating the effects of these items makes it easier to analyze underlying performance trends and enables investors to assess the Company's ability to generate capital to cover credit losses.
The following table shows the components of pre-tax, pre-provision operating earnings for the three months ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and 2012:

   Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended    
   September 30,  Increase  September 30,  Increase 
   2013  2012  (Decrease)  2013  2012  (Decrease) 
   (in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Consolidated Income Statement Data:

       

Interest income

  $92,680   $78,669   $14,011   $265,073   $233,952   $31,121  

Interest expense

   8,121    6,723    1,398    22,159    21,144    1,015  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income

   84,559    71,946    12,613    242,914    212,808    30,106  

Provision for credit losses

   —      8,932    (8,932  8,920    35,343    (26,423
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

   84,559    63,014    21,545    233,994    177,465    56,529  

Non-interest income

   2,625    6,982    (4,357  17,386    20,263    (2,877

Non-interest expense

   49,675    47,543    2,132    145,135    139,871    5,264  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income from continuing operations before income taxes

   37,509    22,453    15,056    106,245    57,857    48,388  

Income tax provision

   9,288    6,752    2,536    22,913    16,452    6,461  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations

   28,221    15,701    12,520    83,332    41,405    41,927  

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit

   (29  (243  214    (160  (686  526  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income

  $28,192   $15,458   $12,734   $83,172   $40,719   $42,453  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income available to common stockholders

  $27,840   $15,106   $12,734   $82,114   $37,279   $44,835  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income per share—basic

  $0.32   $0.18   $0.14   $0.96   $0.46   $0.50  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income per share—diluted

  $0.32   $0.18   $0.14   $0.95   $0.45   $0.50  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2013:


Three Months Ended March 31,

2014 2013

(in thousands)
Total non-interest income$4,835
 $4,799
Less:
 
Unrealized losses on assets / liabilities measured at fair value, net(1,276) (471)
Legal settlements
 38
Gains on sales of investment securities, net366
 147
Total operating non-interest income5,745
 5,085
Add: net interest income90,777
 76,203
Net operating revenue$96,522
 $81,288
Total non-interest expense$49,749
 $46,929
Less:
 
Net (gain) loss on sales and valuations of repossessed and other assets(2,547) 519
Merger / restructure expense157
 195
Total operating non-interest expense$52,139
 $46,215
Pre-tax, pre-provision operating earnings$44,383
 $35,073

54


Tangible Common Equity
The following table presents financial measures related to tangible common equity. Tangible common equity represents total stockholders' equity less identifiable intangible assets and goodwill and preferred stock. Management believes that tangible common equity financial measures are useful in evaluating the Company's capital strength and ability to manage potential losses.
 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
 (dollars and shares in thousands)
Total stockholders' equity$894,805
 $855,498
Less:   
  Goodwill and intangible assets26,777
 27,374
Total tangible stockholders' equity868,028
 828,124
Less:   
   Preferred stock141,000
 141,000
Total tangible common equity727,028
 687,124
Add:   
   Deferred tax - attributed to intangible assets1,243
 1,452
Total tangible common equity, net of tax$728,271
 $688,576
Total assets$9,746,624
 $9,307,342
Less:   
  Goodwill and intangible assets26,777
 27,374
Tangible assets9,719,847
 9,279,968
Add:   
   Deferred tax - attributed to intangible assets1,243
 1,452
Total tangible assets, net of tax$9,721,090
 $9,281,420
Tangible equity ratio8.9% 8.9%
Tangible common equity ratio7.5
 7.4
Return on tangible common equity17.3
 18.1
Common shares outstanding87,554
 87,186
Tangible book value per share, net of tax$8.32
 $7.90
Efficiency Ratio
The following table shows the components used in the calculation of the efficiency ratio, which management uses as a metric for assessing cost efficiency:
 March 31,
 2014 2013
 (dollars in thousands)
Total operating non-interest expense$52,139
 $46,215
Divided by:   
Total net interest income$90,777
 $76,203
Add:   
  Tax equivalent interest adjustment5,705
 3,382
   Operating non-interest income5,745
 5,085
Net operating revenue - tax equivalent basis$102,227
 $84,670
Efficiency ratio - tax equivalent basis51.0% 54.6%

55


Tier 1 Common Equity
The following tables present certain financial measures related to Tier 1 common equity, which is a component of Tier 1 risk-based capital. The FRB and other banking regulators have used Tier 1 common equity as a basis for assessing a bank's capital adequacy; therefore, management believes it is useful to assess capital adequacy using this same basis.
 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
 (dollars and shares in thousands)
Stockholders' equity$894,805
 $855,498
Less:   
  Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income(11,131) (21,546)
  Non-qualifying goodwill and intangibles26,008
 25,991
  Other non-qualifying assets
 
  Disallowed unrealized losses on equity securities2,550
 8,059
Add:   
  Qualifying trust preferred securities49,120
 48,485
Tier 1 capital (regulatory)926,498
 891,479
Less:   
  Qualifying trust preferred securities49,120
 48,485
  Preferred stock141,000
 141,000
Tier 1 common equity$736,378
 $701,994
Divided by:   
Risk-weighted assets (regulatory)$8,338,965
 $8,016,500
Tier 1 common equity ratio8.8% 8.8%
 March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
 (dollars in thousands)
Classified assets$251,851
 $270,375
Divide:   
Tier 1 capital (regulatory)926,498
 891,479
Plus: Allowance for credit losses103,899
 100,050
Total Tier 1 capital plus allowance for credit losses$1,030,397
 $991,529
Classified assets to Tier 1 capital plus allowance24.4% 27.3%


56


Net Interest Margin

The net interest margin is reported on a tax equivalent basis.TEB. A tax equivalent adjustment is added to reflect interest earned on certain municipal securities and loans that are exempt from Federal income tax. The following tables set forth the average balances and interest income on a fully tax equivalent basis and taxinterest expense for the periodsyears indicated:

   Three Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   (dollars in thousands) 
   Average
Balance
  Interest   Average
Yield/Cost
(6), (7)
  Average
Balance
  Interest   Average
Yield/Cost
(6), (7)
 

Interest-Earning Assets

         

Securities:

         

Taxable

  $955,263   $4,263     1.79 $1,062,835   $5,600     2.11

Tax-exempt (1)

   348,055    4,023     6.37  309,543    3,434     6.83
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securities

   1,303,318    8,286     3.01  1,372,378    9,034     3.17

Loans (1) (2) (3)

   6,306,394    83,994     5.44  5,191,175    69,580     5.42

Federal funds sold and other

   364,580    400     0.11  195,321    55     0.03
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total earnings assets

   7,974,292    92,680     4.81  6,758,874    78,669     4.81

Nonearning Assets

         

Cash and due from banks

   119,209       120,128     

Allowance for credit losses

   (96,672     (98,169   

Bank-owned life insurance

   139,740       136,522     

Other assets

   492,035       356,643     
  

 

 

     

 

 

    

Total assets

  $8,628,604      $7,273,998     
  

 

 

     

 

 

    

Interest-Bearing Liabilities

         

Sources of Funds

         

Interest-bearing deposits:

         

Interest checking

  $641,695   $376     0.23 $510,462   $296     0.23

Savings and money market

   2,828,113    2,172     0.31  2,414,194    1,990     0.33

Time deposits

   1,675,482    1,684     0.40  1,286,512    1,688     0.52
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest-bearing deposits

   5,145,290    4,232     0.33  4,211,168    3,974     0.38

Short-term borrowings

   182,683    2,420     5.30  382,064    275     0.29

Long-term debt

   392,084    1,009     1.03  73,575    1,987     10.80

Junior subordinated

   39,920    460     4.61  36,672    487     5.31
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

   5,759,977    8,121     0.56  4,703,479    6,723     0.57

Noninterest-Bearing Liabilities

         

Noninterest-bearing demand deposits

   1,931,127       1,813,050     

Other liabilities

   114,750       70,702     

Stockholders’ equity

   822,750       686,767     
  

 

 

     

 

 

    

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

  $8,628,604      $7,273,998     
  

 

 

  

 

 

    

 

 

  

 

 

   

Net interest income and margin (4)

   $84,559     4.41  $71,946     4.41
   

 

 

     

 

 

   

Net interest spread (5)

      4.25     4.24

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  Average Balance Interest Average Yield/ Cost Average Balance Interest Average Yield/ Cost
  (dollars in thousands)
Interest earning assets            
Loans (1) $6,893,248
 $86,804
 5.27% $5,610,432
 $74,725
 5.42%
Securities (1) 1,651,670
 11,325
 3.15
 1,283,378
 8,158
 3.21
Federal funds sold and other 210,263
 572
 1.09
 404,776
 225
 0.22
Total interest earning assets 8,755,181
 98,701
 4.77
 7,298,586
 83,108
 4.74
Non-interest earning assets            
Cash and due from banks 137,516
     126,429
    
Allowance for credit losses (101,154)     (96,859)    
Bank owned life insurance 140,895
     138,694
    
Other assets 433,084
     421,873
    
Total assets $9,365,522
     $7,888,723
    
Interest-bearing liabilities            
Interest-bearing deposits:            
Interest-bearing transaction accounts $765,036
 $384
 0.20% $608,663
 $301
 0.20%
Savings and money market 3,452,333
 2,562
 0.30
 2,620,874
 1,911
 0.29
Time certificates of deposit 1,619,564
 1,719
 0.42
 1,449,535
 1,520
 0.42
Total interest-bearing deposits 5,836,933
 4,665
 0.32
 4,679,072
 3,732
 0.32
Short-term borrowings 163,339
 130
 0.32
 176,445
 214
 0.49
Long-term debt 301,826
 2,708
 3.59
 272,882
 2,493
 3.65
Junior subordinated debt 41,869
 421
 4.02
 36,224
 466
 5.15
Total interest-bearing liabilities 6,343,967
 7,924
 0.50
 5,164,623
 6,905
 0.53
Non-interest-bearing liabilities            
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits 2,054,125
     1,855,070
    
Other liabilities 81,134
     90,669
    
Stockholders’ equity 886,296
     778,361
    
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $9,365,522
     $7,888,723
    
Net interest income and margin   $90,777
 4.41%   $76,203
 4.36%
Net interest spread     4.27%     4.21%

(1)Yields on loans and securities have been adjusted to a tax-equivalenttax equivalent basis. The tax-equivalent adjustmentstaxable-equivalent adjustment was $5.7 million and $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and 2012 were $3,272 and $2,655, respectively.
(2)Net loan fees of $1.8$0.5 million and $2.6 million are included in the yield computation for the each of the three month periodsmonths ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and 2012, respectively.
(3)Includes nonaccrual loans.
(4)Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average earning assets.
(5)Net interest spread represents average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
(6)Annualized.
(7)Yields for 2013 and 2012 were calculated on a 30-day month 360 days per year.

   Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   (dollars in thousands) 
   Average
Balance
  Interest   Average
Yield/Cost
(6), (7)
  Average
Balance
  Interest   Average
Yield/Cost
(6), (7)
 

Interest-Earning Assets

         

Securities:

         

Taxable

  $945,316   $12,432     1.75 $1,123,340   $18,421     2.19

Tax-exempt (1)

   348,957    11,834     6.55  280,810    9,587     7.00
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total securities

   1,294,273    24,266     3.05  1,404,150    28,008     3.15

Loans (1) (2) (3)

   6,008,435    239,812     5.42  4,996,754    205,682     5.53

Federal funds sold and other

   392,193    995     0.25  153,489    262     0.17
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total earnings assets

   7,694,901    265,073     4.76  6,554,393    233,952     4.90

Nonearning Assets

         

Cash and due from banks

   130,258       115,677     

Allowance for credit losses

   (97,238     (98,813   

Bank-owned life insurance

   139,687       135,410     

Other assets

   440,660       353,801     
  

 

 

     

 

 

    

Total assets

  $8,308,268      $7,060,468     
  

 

 

     

 

 

    

Interest-Bearing Liabilities

         

Sources of Funds

         

Interest-bearing deposits:

         

Interest checking

  $625,830   $1,047     0.22  511,028    920     0.24

Savings and money market

   2,739,973    6,090     0.30  2,314,941    6,114     0.35

Time deposits

   1,570,510    4,756     0.40  1,343,624    5,870     0.58
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest-bearing deposits

   4,936,313    11,893     0.32  4,169,593    12,904     0.41

Short-term borrowings

   182,237    2,848     2.08  318,833    827     0.35

Long-term debt

   343,809    6,037     2.34  73,470    5,955     10.81

Junior subordinated

   37,636    1,381     4.89  36,974    1,458     5.26
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

   5,499,995    22,159     0.54  4,598,870    21,144     0.61

Noninterest-Bearing Liabilities

         

Noninterest-bearing demand deposits

   1,895,090       1,734,576     

Other liabilities

   110,716       56,092     

Stockholders’ equity

   802,467       670,930     
  

 

 

     

 

 

    

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

  $8,308,268      $7,060,468     
  

 

 

  

 

 

    

 

 

  

 

 

   

Net interest income and margin (4)

   $242,914     4.38  $212,808     4.47
   

 

 

     

 

 

   

Net interest spread (5)

      4.22     4.29

(1)Yields on loans and securities have been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis. The tax-equivalent adjustments for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 were $9,583 and $6,726, respectively.
(2)Net loan fees of $5.6 million and $4.9 million are included in the yield computation for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
(3)Includes nonaccrual loans.
(4)Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average earning assets.
(5)Net interest spread represents average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on interest-bearinginterest bearing liabilities.



57


  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 versus 2013
  
Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in (1)
  Volume Rate Total
  (in thousands)
Interest income:      
Loans $16,154
 $(4,075) $12,079
Interest on investment securities 2,525
 642
 3,167
Federal funds sold and other (530) 877
 347
Total interest income 18,149
 (2,556) 15,593
       
Interest expense:      
Interest bearing transaction accounts 79
 4
 83
Savings and money market 617
 34
 651
Time deposits 180
 19
 199
Short-term borrowings (10) (74) (84)
Long-term debt 260
 (45) 215
Junior subordinated debt 57
 (102) (45)
Total interest expense 1,183
 (164) 1,019
       
Net increase (decrease) $16,966
 $(2,392) $14,574
(6)Annualized.
(7)Yields for 2013 and 2012 were calculated on a 30-day month 360 days per year.

The table below sets forth the relative impact on net interest income of changes in the volume of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and changes in rates earned and paid by the Company on such assets and liabilities. For purposes of this table, nonaccrual loans have been included in the average loan balances.

   Three Months Ended September 30,  Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013 versus 2012  2013 versus 2012 
   Increase (Decrease)  Increase (Decrease) 
   Due to Changes in(1)(2)  Due to Changes in(1)(2) 
   Volume  Rate  Total  Volume  Rate  Total 
   (in thousands)  (in thousands) 

Interest on investment securities:

       

Taxable

  $(632 $647   $15   $(2,570 $(2,135 $(4,705

Tax-exempt

   464    (1,227  (763  3,089    (2,126  963  

Loans

   15,167    (753  14,414    41,012    (6,882  34,130  

Federal funds sold and other

   46    299    345    453    280    733  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest income

   15,045    (1,034  14,011    41,984    (10,863  31,121  

Interest expense:

       

Interest checking

   75    5    80    189    (62  127  

Savings and money market

   321    (139  182    954    (978  (24

Time deposits

   389    (393  (4  679    (1,793  (1,114

Short-term borrowings

   (2,642  4,787    2,145    (2,125  4,146    2,021  

Long-term debt

   820    (1,798  (978  4,731    (4,649  82  

Junior subordinated debt

   37    (64  (27  24    (101  (77
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total interest expense

   (1,000  2,398    1,398    4,452    (3,437  1,015  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease)

  $16,045   $(3,432 $12,613   $37,532   $(7,426 $30,106  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)Changes due to both volume and rate have been allocated to volume changes.
(2)Changes due to mark-to-market gains/losses under ASC 825 have been allocated to volume changes.

Comparison of interest income, interest expense and net interest margin

The Company’s primary source of revenue is interest income. Interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 was $92.7$98.7 million, an increase of 18% when comparing interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2012. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, interest income was $265.1 million,18.8%, compared to $234.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This increase was primarily from interest income from loans, as a result of an increase in the loan portfolio. Interest income from loans increased by $14.4$83.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012 and by $34.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012.March 31, 2013. This increase was aprimarily the result of loan growth, including results from acquired loans. Interestinterest income from investment securities decreasedloans, which increased by $0.7 million to $8.3 million for the three month period ended September 30, 2013, compared to $9.0$12.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. ForMarch 31, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013,same period in 2013. Interest income on investment securities increased $3.2 million and other interest income from investment securities decreased by $3.7 million to $24.3 million, compared to $28.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. Other interest income increased slightly by $0.3 million for the comparable three month periods and by $0.7 million for the comparable nine month periods. Despite the increased interest income, averageperiod. Average yield on interest earning assets remained constant at 4.81%increased 3 basis points for the three months ended September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012,same period in 2013, which was primarily the result of decreased yields ona change in investment securities of 16 basis points, whichmix and was partially offset by increased yields ona decrease in loan yield due to a decline in payoffs of acquired loans, which resulted in lower accretion for the loan portfolio and other interest earning assets of 10 basis points. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, average yield dropped 14 basis points to 4.76%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012, primarily as a result of the decreased yields on the loan portfolio of 11 basis points.

quarter.

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 was $7.9 million, compared to $6.9 million in 2013, an increase of $1.0 million, or 14.8%. This increase was primarily driven by the increase in average interest bearing deposits of $1.16 billion. Despite this increase, the average cost of interest bearing deposits remained flat at 0.32%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012 increasedMarch 31, 2013. Interest paid on short-term borrowings, long-term debt and junior subordinated debt decreased by $1.4 million to $8.1 million from $6.7 million. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012 increased by $1.1 million to $22.2 million from $21.1 million. Average cost of interest bearing deposits decreased 917 and 6 and 113 basis points, for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012. Average cost of long-term debt decreased from 10.81% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 to 2.34% in 2012.

Net interest income was $84.6 millionrespectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 compared to $71.9 million for the third quarter 2012, an increase of $12.7 million, or 18%. same period in 2013.

Net interest income was $242.9$90.8 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, compared to $212.8$76.2 million for in the nine months ended September 30, 2012,same period in 2013, an increase of $30.1$14.6 million, or 14%19.1%. The increase in net interest income reflects a $1.35 billion and $1.14$1.46 billion increase in average earning assets, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. This increase was offset by a $1.06 billion and $0.90$1.18 billion increase in average interest bearing liabilities compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. Net interest margin was 4.41% for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012. Net interest margin was 4.38% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to 4.47% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.liabilities. The decreasedincrease in net interest margin of 95 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was mostly due to an increase in our average yield on interest earning assets and a decrease in yields on loans and investment securities, partially offset by a decrease inthe average cost of funds primarily as a result of downward repricing of depositsrelated to short-term borrowings, long-term debt and reduced funding costs on long-termjunior subordinated debt.

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses in each period is reflected as a charge against earnings in that period. The provision is equal to the amount required to maintain the allowance for credit losses at a level that is adequate to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The provision for credit losses decreased by $8.9$1.9 million, to $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2013, compared with $8.9$3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. ForMarch 31, 2014, compared with $5.4 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012, the provision for credit losses decreased by $26.4 million to $8.9 million compared to $35.3 million.March 31, 2013. The provision decrease for the three and nine month comparable periodsmonths ended March 31, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013, was mostlyprimarily due to loan recoveries of $533 thousand and $1.4 million on construction and land development loans, respectively, as well as recoveries of $278 thousand on commercial real estate loans for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The Company has been experiencing a downward trendan improvement in net charge-offs and overall improved credit quality which released some reserves due to improved quantitative factors.period over period. The Company may establish an additional allowance for credit losses for the PCI loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality through a charge to provision for creditloan losses when impairment is determined as a result of lower than expected cash flows. As of September 30,

58


March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company held an additional allowance for credit losses on PCI loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality ofwas $1.4 million.

Non-Interestmillion and $0.3 million, respectively.

Non-interest Income

The Company earned non-interest income primarily through fees related to services, services provided to loan and deposit customers, bank owned life insurance, investment securities gains, mark to market gains (losses) and other.

The following table presentstables present a summary of non-interest income for the periods presented:

   Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended    
   September 30,  Increase
(Decrease)
  September 30,  Increase
(Decrease)
 
   2013  2012   2013  2012  

Service charges and fees

  $2,425   $2,412   $13   $7,408   $7,014   $394  

Income from bank owned life insurance

   1,832    1,116    716    3,904    3,359    545  

Amortization of affordable housing investments

   (1,504  (651  (853  (3,304  (710  (2,594

(Loss) Gain on sale of investment securities, net

   (1,679  1,031    (2,710  (1,537  2,502    (4,039

Mark to market (losses) gains, net

   (7  470    (477  (3,865  701    (4,566

Bargain purchase gain from acquisition

   —      —      —      10,044    —      10,044  

Other income

   1,558    2,604    (1,046  4,736    7,397    (2,661
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total non-interest income

  $2,625   $6,982   $(4,357 $17,386   $20,263   $(2,877
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 


Three Months Ended March 31,

2014 2013 Increase (Decrease)

(in thousands)
Service charges and fees$2,530
 $2,534
 $(4)
Income from bank owned life insurance949
 1,036
 (87)
Gain on sales of investment securities, net366
 147
 219
Unrealized losses on assets / liabilities measured at fair value, net(1,276) (471) (805)
Other fee revenue1,108
 957
 151
Other1,158
 596
 562
Total non-interest income$4,835
 $4,799
 $36
Total non-interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2013 decreased by $4.4 million, or 62%,March 31, 2014, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012. This decrease is primarily duesame period in 2013 increased by 0.8%. The increase relates to the change from a netincrease in the gain on sale of investment securities of $1.0$0.2 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2012, compared to a net lossother fee revenue of $1.7$0.2 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2013. In addition, there was a decrease of $1.0 million in other non-interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same period last year.

Total non-interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012 declined by $2.9 million, or 14%. This decrease is attributable to the $2.6 million decrease in amortization of affordable housing investments, the change from a net gain on sale of investment securities to a net loss in 2013, resulting in a $4.0 million decrease, the change from a net mark to market gain to a net loss, causing a decrease of $4.6 million, and the decrease in other non-interest income of $2.7$0.6 million. These decreases were partiallyThe increase in the gain on sales of investment securities relates to market conditions, the increase in other fee revenue is due to greater miscellaneous fees, and the increase in other revenue is due to enhanced other operating lease income. The increase was offset by the $10.0decrease in unrealized losses on assets / liabilities measured at fair value, net of $0.8 million, bargain purchase gain recognized duringwhich primarily relates to the nine months ended September 30, 2013trust preferred securities fair value adjustment loss of $1.0 million as a result of the Centennial acquisition.

Non-InterestMarch 31, 2014, compared to $0.5 million as of March 31, 2013.

Non-interest Expense

The following table presents a summary of non-interest expenses for the periods indicated:

   Three Months Ended      Nine Months Ended     
   September 30,   Increase
(Decrease)
  September 30,   Increase
(Decrease)
 
   2013   2012    2013  2012   
   (in thousands)  (in thousands) 

Salaries and employee benefits

  $28,689    $25,500    $3,189   $83,363   $78,159    $5,204  

Occupancy

   4,901     4,655     246    14,500    14,046     454  

Legal, professional and directors’ fees

   3,006     2,291     715    8,017    6,380     1,637  

Data processing

   1,872     1,390     482    5,912    3,678     2,234  

Insurance

   1,884     2,121     (237  6,350    6,323     27  

Marketing

   1,599     1,231     368    4,970    4,061     909  

Loan and repossessed asset expense

   1,136     1,236     (100  3,453    4,573     (1,120

Customer service

   677     653     24    2,037    1,926     111  

Net loss (gain) on sales/valuations of repossesed assets and bank premises, net

   371     126     245    (234  3,678     (3,912

Intangible amortization

   597     880     (283  1,791    2,660     (869

Goodwill and intangible impairment

   —       3,435     (3,435  —      3,435     (3,435

Merger / restructure expenses

   1,018     113     905    3,833    113     3,720  

Other expense

   3,925     3,912     13    11,143    10,839     304  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-interest expense

  $49,675    $47,543    $2,132   $145,135   $139,871    $5,264  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

presented:

 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2014 2013 Increase (Decrease)
 (in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits$29,555
 $26,574
 $2,981
Occupancy4,682
 4,846
 (164)
Legal, professional and directors’ fees3,639
 3,023
 616
Data processing2,674
 1,865
 809
Insurance2,393
 2,370
 23
Loan and repossessed asset expenses1,234
 1,596
 (362)
Customer service620
 643
 (23)
Marketing559
 667
 (108)
Net (gain) loss on sales / valuations of repossessed and other assets(2,547) 519
 (3,066)
Intangible amortization597
 597
 
Merger / restructure expenses157
 195
 (38)
Other expense6,186
 4,034
 2,152
        Total non-interest expense$49,749
 $46,929
 $2,820
Total non-interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2013March 31, 2014, compared to the same period in 20122013 increased by $2.1 million. The most significant changes for the third quarter 2013 compared to the third quarter 2012 were an$2.8 million, or 6.0%. This increase in salaries and employee benefits of $3.2 million and merger / restructure expenses of $0.9 million. These increases were offsetis primarily caused by the decrease in goodwill and intangible impairment of $3.4 million from the third quarter 2012.

Total non-interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 increased by $5.3 million. The change primarily relates to the increases in salaries and employee benefits of $5.2$3.0 million, legal, professional and directors' fees of $0.6 million, data processing costsof $0.8 million, and other non-interest expenses of $2.2 millionmillion. The increase in the salaries and merger / restructureemployee benefits is due to employment growth. The legal, professional, directors' fees, and data processing increase relates primarily to information technology initiatives. The increase in other non-interest expense primarily relates to higher operating lease depreciation, office expenses, business development, and off-balance sheet provision


59


for unfunded loans. These increases wereare offset by the change from adecrease in loan and repossessed asset expenses of $0.4 million and net (gain) loss to a net gain on sales/sales / valuations of repossessed and other assets, and bank premises, generating a decreasenet of $3.9$3.1 million, andwhich primarily relates to the decrease in goodwill and intangible impairmentsale of $3.4 million fromtwo properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

first quarter of 2014.

Discontinued Operations

The Company has discontinued its affinity credit card business, PartnersFirst, and has presented these activities as discontinued operations. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the outstanding credit card loans held for sale were $25.4 million and $31.1 million, respectively. No significant gain or loss was recognized as a result of this transaction.

The following table summarizes the operating results of the discontinued operations for the periods indicated:

   Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,  September 30, 
   2013  2012  2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Operating revenue

  $1,105   $315   $3,376   $947  

Non-interest expenses

   (1,155  (734  (3,653  (2,130
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

   (50  (419  (277  (1,183

Income tax benefit

   (21  (176  (117  (497
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net loss

  $(29 $(243 $(160 $(686
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (in thousands)
Operating revenue $(144) $1,139
Non-interest expenses (858) (1,074)
(Loss) income before income taxes (1,002) 65
Income tax (benefit) expense (348) 27
Net (loss) income $(654) $38
Business Segment Results

The

On December 31, 2013, the Company has three wholly owned subsidiary banks: Western Alliance Bank, Bank of Nevada, and Torrey Pines Bank. The Company has filed with the FDIC and state regulators an application to consolidateconsolidated its three bank subsidiaries intounder one charter.

charter, Western Alliance Bank, which consistsBank. As a result, the Company has redefined its operating segments to reflect the new organizational and internal reporting structure. Prior year segment information has not been recast to conform to the new segmentation methodology due to the impracticability of Alliance Bankrestating segments because of the change in legal structure at December 31, 2013. The new operating segments are as follows: Arizona, operating in Nevada, California, Specialty Finance and Corporate & Other.

Arizona and First Independent Bank, operating in Northern reported net income of $7.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014. During the first quarter of 2014, total loans grew $7.6 million to $2.03 billion at March 31, 2014. In addition, during the same period, total deposits grew by $77.8 million to $2.17 billion at March 31, 2014.
Nevada reported net income of $9.8$10.7 million and $38.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to $8.8 million and $26.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. The increase in net income of $12.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to 2012 is mostly due to the $10.0 million bargain purchase gain on the Centennial acquisition. Total loans grew by $552.1 million to $2.59 billion at September 30, 2013, compared to $2.04 billion at December 30, 2012. In addition, total deposits increased by $607.8 million to $2.83 billion at September 30, 2013 from $2.22 billion at December 31, 2012.

Bank of Nevada reported net income of $16.3 million and $39.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to net income of $5.8 million and $10.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. The $10.5 million increase in net income for the comparable three month periods was primarily due to decreased provision for credit losses of $13.5 million, resulting in a $6.9 million recovery for the three months ended September 30, 2013, as credit quality has improved andMarch 31, 2014. During the first quarter of 2014, total loans decreased $30.6 million to $1.72 billion at March 31, 2014. In addition, during the same period, total deposits grew by $127.1 million to $3.02 billion at March 31, 2014.

California reported net interest income of $6.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014. During the first quarter of 2014, total loans increased by $4.2$47.9 million partially offsetto $1.66 billion at March 31, 2014. In addition, in during the same period, total deposits decreased by increased$30.4 million to $1.87 billion at March 31, 2014.
Specialty Finance reported net income tax expense of $4.0$3.4 million and increased non-interest expensefor the three months ended March 31, 2014. During the first quarter of $2.3 million. For the comparable nine month periods of 2013 to 2012, the increase was also due to similar factors. The provision for credit losses decreased $34.4 million, as credit quality improved and net interest income2014, total loans increased by $8.8 million, partially offset by increased income tax expense of $13.0 million. Total deposits at Bank of Nevada grew by $44.4$271.2 million to $2.61$1.62 billion at September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014. In addition, in during the same period, total deposits increased by $92.8 million to $845.1 million at March 31, 2014.

60


BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
Total assets increased $439.3 million, or 4.7%, to $9.75 billion at March 31, 2014, compared to $2.57$9.31 billion at December 31, 2012. Total loans increased by $203.8 million to $2.39 billion at September 30, 2013 from $2.18 billion at December 31, 2012, primarily due to net affiliate loan sales and participations.

Torrey Pines Bank, which excludes discontinued operations, reported net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 of $4.6 million and $16.8 million, respectively, compared to $6.4 million and $17.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively.2013. The decreaseincrease in net income of $1.8 million for the third quarter 2013 compared to 2012 was mostly due to increased provision for credit losses of $1.2 million and decreased non-interest income of $0.7 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to 2012, the $0.7 million decrease in net income was primarily the result of decreased net interest income of $2.0 million and decreased non-interest income of $1.8 million, offset by decreased provision for credit losses of $2.1 million. Total deposits at Torrey Pines Bank increased by $165.4 million to $1.84 billion at September 30, 2013, compared to $1.68 billion at December 31, 2012. Total loans increased by $15.9 million to $1.52 billion at September 30, 2013 from $1.51 billion at December 31, 2012.

The other business segment, which includes the holding company, Shine (until October 31, 2012), Western Alliance Equipment Finance, the discontinued operations related to the affinity credit card business, excluding loans held for sale (which are included in TPB), and Las Vegas Sunset Properties, reported a net loss of $2.5 million and $12.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to a net loss of $5.5 million and $13.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. The decline in the net loss for the comparable three month periods of $3.0 million was primarily due to a recovery in credit losses of $1.7 million and decreased non-interest expense of $3.0 million, slightly offset by the decrease in non-interest income of $1.7 million. The decline in the net loss for the comparable nine month periods of $1.7 million is primarily due to increased income tax benefit of $3.2 million, slightly offset by increased provision for credit losses of $1.3 million.

Balance Sheet Analysis

Total assets increased $1.30 billion, or 17%, to $8.92 billion at September 30, 2013, compared to $7.62 billion at December 31, 2012. The increase primarily relates to increasedthe increase in loans held for investment of $812.7$307.2 million, increased deposits in other financial institutions of $175.5 millionor 4.5%, to $7.11 billion and the additionincrease in cash and cash equivalents of $160.4 million, or 52.5%, due to securities purchased under agreement to resell of $128.1$111.1 million asat March 31, 2014, compared to zero at December 31, 2012.

2013.

Total liabilities increased $1.24 billion,$400.0 million, or 18%4.7%, to $8.10$8.85 billion at September 30, 2013 from $6.86March 31, 2014, compared to $8.45 billion at December 31, 2012.2013. The increase primarily relatesin liabilities is due to increased interest bearingthe increase in total deposits of $780.8$310.8 million, or 4.0%, to $8.15 billion and increased other borrowingsthe increase in securities sold short of $200.4 million, as compared to December 31, 2012.

$109.8 million.

Total stockholders’ equity increased by $66.7$39.3 million or 9%4.6%, to $826.3$894.8 million at September 30, 2013 from $759.6March 31, 2014, compared to $855.5 million at December 31, 2012.

2013. The increase in stockholders' equity is due to a decrease in accumulated deficit of $30.7 million as a result of net income available to common shareholders for the three months ended March 31, 2014, in addition to the decrease in unrealized losses on AFS securities included in AOCI.

Investment securities
Investment securities are classified at the time of acquisition as either HTM, AFS, or trading based upon various factors, including asset/liability management strategies, liquidity and profitability objectives, and regulatory requirements. HTM securities are carried at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts. AFS securities are securities that may be sold prior to maturity based upon asset/liability management decisions. Investment securities identified as AFS are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses on AFS securities are recorded as AOCI in stockholders’ equity. Amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts on MBS is periodically adjusted for estimated prepayments. Investment securities measured at fair value are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in current period earnings.
The investment securities portfolio of the Company is utilized as collateral for borrowings, required collateral for public deposits and customer repurchase agreements, and to manage liquidity, capital and interest rate risk.
The following table showssummarizes the amountscarrying value of loans heldthe investment securities portfolio at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013: 
  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  (in thousands)
U.S. government sponsored agency securities $57,672
 $46,975
Municipal obligations 296,790
 299,244
Preferred stock 73,947
 61,484
Mutual funds 37,243
 36,532
Residential MBS issued by GSEs 989,867
 1,024,457
Commercial MBS issued by GSEs 2,034
 
Private label residential MBS 36,098
 36,099
Private label commercial MBS 5,412
 5,433
Trust preferred securities 24,728
 23,805
CRA investments 23,497
 24,882
Collateralized debt obligations 50
 50
Corporate debt securities 97,776
 97,777
     Total investment securities $1,645,114
 $1,656,738
Gross unrealized losses at March 31, 2014 are primarily caused by interest rate fluctuations, credit spread widening and reduced liquidity in applicable markets. The Company has reviewed securities on which there is an unrealized loss in accordance with its accounting policy for investment by typeOTTI securities described in "Note 2. Investment Securities" to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein. There were no impairment charges recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013.
The Company does not consider any securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of loanMarch 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. However, the Company cannot guarantee that additional OTTI will not occur in future periods.

61


Loans
The table below summarizes the distribution of the Company’s loans at the end of each of the periods indicated.

   September 30,  December 31, 
   2013  2012 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial and industrial

  $1,990,568   $1,659,003  

Commercial real estate—non-owner occupied

   1,864,333    1,505,600  

Commercial real estate—owner occupied

   1,551,187    1,396,797  

Construction and land development

   459,764    394,319  

Residential real estate

   358,962    407,937  

Commercial leases

   244,312    288,747  

Consumer

   29,850    31,836  

Deferred fees and unearned income, net

   (8,106  (6,045
  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   6,490,870    5,678,194  

Allowance for credit losses

   (97,851  (95,427
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  $6,393,019   $5,582,767  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

indicated: 

  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  (in thousands)
Commercial and industrial $2,501,499
 $2,236,740
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 1,849,211
 1,843,415
Commercial real estate - owner occupied 1,606,243
 1,561,862
Construction and land development 553,655
 537,231
Residential real estate 344,859
 350,312
Commercial leases 221,916
 235,968
Consumer 38,330
 45,153
Net deferred loan fees (7,114) (9,266)
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs 7,108,599
 6,801,415
Less: allowance for credit losses (103,899) (100,050)
Total loans, net $7,004,700
 $6,701,365
Concentrations of Lending Activities

The Company’s lending activities are primarily driven in large part by the customers served in the market areas where the Company has branch offices in the states of Arizona, Nevada California and Arizona.California. The Company monitors concentrations within five broad categories: geography, industry, product, call code,report classifications, and collateral. The Company grants commercial, construction, real estate and consumer loans to customers through branch offices located in the Company’s primary markets. The Company’s business is concentrated in these areas and the loan portfolio includes significant credit exposure to the commercial real estateCRE market inof these areas. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012, commercial real estate2013, CRE related loans accounted for approximately 59%56% and 58% of total loans respectively, and approximately 1% and 3%2%, respectively, of theseCRE related loans are secured by undeveloped land, respectively.land. Substantially all of these loans are secured by first liens with an initial loan to value ratio of generally not more than 75%. Approximately 40%47% and 48%46% of these commercial real estateCRE loans, excluding construction and land loans, were owner occupied at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, respectively. In addition, approximately 3% and 4% of total loans were unsecured as of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, respectively.

Impaired Loans

loans

A loan is identified as impaired when it is probable that interest and principal will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the original loan agreement. Generally, impaired loans are classified as nonaccrual. However, in certain instances, impaired loans may continue on an accrual basis, such as loans classified as impaired due to doubt regarding collectability according to contractual terms, but whichthat are both fully secured by collateral and are current in their interest and principal payments. Impaired loans are measured for reserve requirements in accordance with FASB ASC 310,Receivables,based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’sloan's effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan’sloan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral less applicable disposition costs if the loan is collateral dependent. The amount of an impairment reserve, if any, and any subsequent changes are charged against the allowance for credit losses. In addition to our own internal loan review process, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) may from time to time direct the Company to modify loan grades, loan impairment calculations or loan impairment methodology.

Total nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing decreased by $24.0$6.6 million, or 23%8.6%, at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 to $82.1$70.6 million from $106.1$77.2 million at December 31, 2012.

2013. 


62


  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  (dollars in thousands)
Total nonaccrual loans $70,401
 $75,680
Loans past due 90 days or more on accrual status 167
 1,534
Total nonperforming loans 70,568
 77,214
Troubled debt restructured loans 89,524
 89,576
Other impaired loans 11,170
 11,587
       Total impaired loans $171,262
 $178,377
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net $56,450
 $66,719
Nonaccrual loans to gross loans 0.99% 1.11%
Loans past due 90 days or more on accrual status to total loans 
 0.02
Interest income received on nonaccrual loans $606
 $626
Interest income that would have been recorded under the original terms of nonaccrual loans 1,048
 1,626
The following table summarizes nonperforming assets:

   September 30,   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
   (in thousands) 

Nonaccrual loans

  $76,641    $104,716  

Loans past due 90 days or more on accrual status

   5,456     1,388  

Troubled debt restructured loans

   87,387     84,609  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

   169,484     190,713  

Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   76,475     77,247  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total nonperforming assets

  $245,959    $267,960  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following table summarizes the loans for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, restructured loans, and other impaired loans:

   September 30,  December 31, 
   2013  2012 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Total nonaccrual loans

  $76,641   $104,716  

Loans past due 90 days or more on accrual status

   5,456    1,388  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

   82,097    106,104  

Troubled debt restructured loans

   87,387    84,609  

Other impaired loans

   4,747    7,442  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total impaired loans

  $174,231   $198,155  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

  $76,475   $77,247  

Nonaccrual loans to gross loans

   1.18  1.83

Loans past due 90 days or more on accrual status to total loans

   0.08    0.02  

Interest income received on nonaccrual loans

  $260   $191  

Interest income that would have been recorded under the original terms of nonaccrual loans

  $1,319   $5,469  

The compositecomposition of nonaccrual loans werewas as follows as of the dates indicated:

   At September 30, 2013  At December 31, 2012 
   Nonaccrual
Balance
   %  Percent of
Total Loans
  Nonaccrual
Balance
   %  Percent of
Total Loans
 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Construction and land development

  $6,642     8.67  0.10 $11,093     10.59  0.19

Residential real estate

   19,244     25.11  0.30  26,722     25.52  0.47

Commercial real estate

   46,259     60.35  0.71  59,975     57.28  1.05

Commercial and industrial

   4,468     5.83  0.07  6,722     6.42  0.12

Consumer

   28     0.04  0.00  204     0.19  0.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total nonaccrual loans

  $76,641     100.00  1.18 $104,716     100.00  1.83
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

  At March 31, 2014 At December 31, 2013
  Nonaccrual Balance % Percent of Total Loans Nonaccrual Balance % Percent of Total Loans
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial $3,070
 4.36% 0.04% $3,753
 4.96% 0.06%
Commercial real estate 48,883
 69.43
 0.69
 54,856
 72.48
 0.80
Construction and land development 3,618
 5.14
 0.05
 4,525
 5.98
 0.07
Residential real estate 14,802
 21.03
 0.21
 12,480
 16.49
 0.18
Consumer 28
 0.04
 ���
 66
 0.09
 
Total nonaccrual loans $70,401
 100.00% 0.99% $75,680
 100.00% 1.11%
As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, nonaccrual loans totaled $76.6$70.4 million and $104.7$75.7 million, respectively. Nonaccrual loans by banksegment at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 were $35.4$30.4 million at Bank offor Arizona, $17.6 million for Nevada, $14.8$4.2 million at Western Alliance Bankfor California and $7.2$18.2 million at Torrey Pines Bank, compared to $73.5 million at Bank of Nevada, $23.6 million at Western Alliance Bank and $7.6 million at Torrey Pines Bank at December 31, 2012. Nonaccrual loans held at the parent and Las Vegas Sunset Properties were $19.3 million at September 30, 2013, compared to $0 at September 30, 2012.for Corporate & Other. Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of total gross loans were 1.18%0.99% and 1.83%1.11% at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, respectively. Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of each bank’ssegment's total gross loans at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 were 1.48% at Bank of1.50% for Arizona, 1.02% for Nevada, 0.57% at Western Alliance Bank,0.25% for California and 0.47% at Torrey Pines Bank, compared to 3.37% at Bank of Nevada, 1.16% at Western Alliance Bank and 0.51% at Torrey Pines Bank at December 31, 2012. Total lost interest on nonaccrual loans26.70% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 was $1.3 million and $3.8 million, respectively, compared to $1.3 million and $4.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. The Company recognized $0.3 million and $1.3 million of cash interest on nonaccrual loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to $30 thousand and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Corporate & Other.

Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

A troubled debt restructuredTDR loan is a loan, on which the Company, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grantsgranted a concession to the borrower that the Companylender would not otherwise consider. The loan terms that have been modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation include, but are not limited to, a reduction in the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity or renewal of the loan at an interest rate below current market, a reduction in the face amount of the debt, a reduction in the accrued interest, extensions, deferrals, renewals and rewrites. A troubled debt restructuredTDR loan is also considered impaired. Generally, a loan that is modified at an effective market rate of interest mayis no longer be disclosed as a troubled debt restructuringTDR in years subsequent to the restructuring if it is not impairedperforming based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement.

During the first quarter 2012, the FDIC conducted an annual safety and soundness examination of Bank of Nevada. As part of the exam, the FDIC reviewed the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses and evaluated certain loans for which the net present value method was used to measure impairment. The FDIC recommended that the Company change from the net present value method to the collateral dependent method for certain loans which had adequate current cash flows to meet principal and interest debt service requirements, but which had collateral deficits relative to the principal amount of the loan obligation, and limited guarantor support. Following the exam and in the course of evaluating assets for impairment in the first quarter of 2012, the Company substituted the collateral dependent method with respect to the loans identified by the FDIC, which resulted in an increase to the allowance for credit losses of $4.1 million.

As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, the aggregate amount of loans classified as impaired was $174.2$171.3 million and $198.2$178.4 million, respectively, a net decrease of 12%4.0%. The total specific allowance for creditloan losses related to these loans was $5.9$3.9 million and $12.9$5.3 million at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, respectively. As of September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and December 31, 2012, the Company had $87.4$89.5 million and $84.6$89.6 million, respectively, in loans classified as accruing restructured loans. The net decrease in impaired loans is primarily attributable to decreased commercial real estate, construction and land development and residential real estate impaired loans, by $11.0 million, $5.7 million and $5.0 million, respectively, compared to December 31, 2012. Impaired loans by bank (excluding loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality)segment at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 were $77.2$49.0 million at Bank offor Arizona, $61.4 million for Nevada $30.9and $13.9 million at Western Alliance Bank, and $18.2for California. Additionally, Corporate & Other held $46.9 million at Torrey Pines Bank, compared to $123.4 million at Bank of Nevada, $43.4 million at Western Alliance Bank, and $18.8 million at Torrey Pines Bank at December 31, 2012. Additionally, Western Alliance Bancorporation held $47.9 million of impaired loans at September 30, 2013, compared to $12.7 million at DecemberMarch 31, 2012.

2014.


63


The following table includes thetables present a breakdown of total impaired loans and the related specific reserves:

   At September 30, 2013 
   Impaired
Balance
   Percent  Percent of
Total Loans
  Reserve
Balance
   Percent  Percent of
Total Allowance
 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Construction and land development

  $26,748     15.35  0.41 $831     14.05  0.85

Residential real estate

   32,811     18.83  0.50  2,594     43.90  2.65

Commercial real estate

   99,568     57.16  1.53  1,390     23.52  1.42

Commercial and industrial

   14,573     8.36  0.22  1,090     18.45  1.11

Consumer

   531     0.30  0.01  4     0.08  0.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total impaired loans

  $174,231     100.00  2.67 $5,909     100.00  6.03
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

   At December 31, 2012 
   Impaired      Percent of  Reserve      Percent of 
   Balance   Percent  Total Loans  Balance   Percent  Total Allowance 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Construction and land development

  $32,492     16.40  0.57 $284     2.21  0.30

Residential real estate

   37,851     19.10  0.66  5,448     42.34  5.71

Commercial real estate

   110,538     55.78  1.94  4,417     34.33  4.63

Commercial and industrial

   16,510     8.33  0.29  2,552     19.84  2.67

Consumer

   764     0.39  0.01  165     1.28  0.17
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total impaired loans

  $198,155     100.00  3.47 $12,866     100.00  13.48
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

reserves for the periods indicated: 

  March 31, 2014
  
Impaired
Balance
 Percent 
Percent of
Total Loans
 
Reserve
Balance
 Percent 
Percent of
Total 
Allowance
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial $15,665
 9.15% 0.22% $731
 18.62% 0.70%
Commercial real estate 104,085
 60.77
 1.46
 1,253
 31.92
 1.21
Construction and land development 22,012
 12.85
 0.31
 
 
 
Residential real estate 29,026
 16.95
 0.41
 1,938
 49.38
 1.87
Consumer 474
 0.28
 0.01
 3
 0.08
 
Total impaired loans $171,262
 100.00% 2.41% $3,925
 100.00% 3.78%
  December 31, 2013
  Impaired
Balance
 Percent Percent of
Total Loans
 Reserve
Balance
 Percent Percent of
Total 
Allowance
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial $17,341
 9.72% 0.25% $772
 14.62% 0.77%
Commercial real estate 111,054
 62.26
 1.63
 2,523
 47.78
 2.52
Construction and land development 23,069
 12.93
 0.34
 85
 1.61
 0.08
Residential real estate 26,376
 14.79
 0.39
 1,896
 35.91
 1.90
Consumer 537
 0.30
 0.01
 4.00
 0.08
 
Total impaired loans $178,377
 100.00% 2.62% $5,280
 100.00% 5.27%

64


Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table summarizes the activity in our allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated.

   Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
   September 30,  September 30, 
   2013  2012  2013  2012 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Allowance for credit losses:

     

Balance at beginning of period

  $96,323   $97,512   $95,427   $99,170  

Provisions charged to operating expenses :

     

Commercial and industrial

   354    5,611    5,514    12,601  

Commercial real estate—non-owner occupied

   967    180    4,691    3,312  

Commercial real estate—owner occupied

   (1,245  2,144    (1,665  9,003  

Construction and land development

   (533  18    (1,442  7,170  

Residential real estate

   (247  (82  1,748    643  

Consumer

   704    1,061    74    2,614  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total Provision

   —      8,932    8,920    35,343  

Recoveries of loans previously charged-off:

     

Commercial and industrial

   2,242    501    4,440    2,695  

Commercial real estate—non-owner occupied

   273    27    867    1,030  

Commercial real estate—owner occupied

   149    606    1,130    1,867  

Construction and land development

   966    567    1,787    870  

Residential real estate

   430    153    1,548    765  

Consumer

   726    38    751    294  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total recoveries

   4,786    1,892    10,523    7,521  

Loans charged-off:

     

Commercial and industrial

   544    4,100    3,379    12,687  

Commercial real estate—non-owner occupied

   465    998    3,373    5,380  

Commercial real estate—owner occupied

   399    472    2,769    6,643  

Construction and land development

   —      2,315    852    10,587  

Residential real estate

   1,138    2,242    5,641    5,756  

Consumer

   712    799    1,005    3,571  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total charged-off

   3,258    10,926    17,019    44,624  

Net loan (recoveries) charge-offs

   (1,528  9,034    6,496    37,103  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

  $97,851   $97,410   $97,851   $97,410  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (recoveries) charge-offs to average loans outstanding—annualized

   (0.10)%   0.70  0.22  0.99

Allowance for credit losses to gross loans

   1.50  1.83  

period indicated: 

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  (dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:    
Balance at beginning of period $100,050
 $95,427
Provisions charged to operating expenses:    
   Commercial and industrial 392
 2,654
   Commercial real estate 2,400
 1,864
   Construction and land development 1,970
 398
   Residential real estate (490) 1,282
   Consumer (772) (759)
Total Provision 3,500
 5,439
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off:    
   Commercial and industrial 922
 441
  ��Commercial real estate 560
 942
   Construction and land development 211
 701
   Residential real estate 553
 569
   Consumer 170
 14
Total recoveries 2,416
 2,667
Loans charged-off:    
   Commercial and industrial (1,478) (1,770)
   Commercial real estate (171) (2,887)
   Construction and land development 
 (614)
   Residential real estate (406) (2,493)
   Consumer (12) (275)
Total charged-off (2,067) (8,039)
Net recoveries (charge-offs) 349
 (5,372)
Balance at end of period $103,899
 $95,494
Net recoveries (charge-offs) to average loans outstanding-annualized 0.02% (0.38)%
Allowance for credit losses to gross loans 1.46
 1.63
The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for credit losses by loan type. However, allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories:

  Allowance for Credit Losses at September 30, 2013 
  (dollars in thousands) 
  Amount  % of Total
Allowance For
Credit Losses
  % of Loans in Each
Category to Gross
Loans
 

Construction and land development

 $10,047    10.27  7.07

Commercial real estate

  33,863    34.60  52.55

Residential real estate

  12,892    13.18  5.52

Commercial and industrial

  39,435    40.30  34.39

Consumer

  1,614    1.65  0.47
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $97,851    100.00  100.00
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  Allowance for Credit Losses at December 31, 2012 
  (dollars in thousands) 
  Amount  % of Total
Allowance For
Credit Losses
  % of Loans in Each
Category to Gross
Loans
 

Construction and land development

 $10,554    11.06  6.90

Commercial real estate

  34,982    36.66  51.10

Residential real estate

  15,237    15.97  7.20

Commercial and industrial

  32,860    34.43  34.30

Consumer

  1,794    1.88  0.50
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 $95,427    100.00  100.00
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

categories. 

  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
  Amount % of Total Allowance for Credit Losses % of Loans to Gross Loans Amount % of Total Allowance for Credit Losses % of Loans to Gross Loans
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial $39,493
 38.0% 38.3% $39,657
 39.7% 36.3%
Commercial real estate 34,853
 33.5
 48.6% 32,064
 32.0
 50.0
Construction and land development 16,700
 16.1
 7.8% 14,519
 14.5
 7.9
Residential real estate 11,297
 10.9
 4.8% 11,640
 11.6
 5.1
Consumer 1,556
 1.5
 0.5% 2,170
 2.2
 0.7
        Total $103,899
 100.0% 100.0% $100,050
 100.0% 100.0%
The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans decreased to 1.50%1.46% at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 from 1.67%1.47% at December 31, 2012.2013. The Company’s credit loss reserve at September 30, 2013 increased to $97.9 million from $95.4 million at December 31, 2012. Although the Company has increased the size of its loan portfolio, the total balance of the allowance for credit losses has stayed relatively flatincreased due to improvingthe increase in the size of its loan portfolio; however, the increase in the allowance is not proportional to the increase in the portfolio as the Company has experienced improved credit quality.

quality in its portfolio as well as a change in portfolio mix toward higher rated credits.


65


Potential Problem Loans

The Company classifies loans consistent with federal banking regulations using a nine category grading system. These loan grades are described in further detail in "Item 1. Business” of the Company’sCompany's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 under “Item 1. Business.”2013. The following table presents information regarding potential problem loans, consisting of loans graded special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss, but still performing:

   At September 30, 2013 
   Number   Loan      Percent of 
   of Loans   Balance   Percent  Total Loans 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Construction and land development

   6    $11,327     9.26  0.17

Commercial real estate

   63     82,311     67.33  1.26

Residential real estate

   24     9,761     7.99  0.15

Commercial and industrial

   66     17,569     14.37  0.27

Consumer

   8     1,289     1.05  0.02
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

   167    $122,257     100.00  1.87
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

  At December 31, 2012 
  Number  Loan     Percent of 
  of Loans  Balance  Percent  Total Loans 
  (dollars in thousands) 

Construction and land development

  8   $5,821    4.89  0.10

Commercial real estate

  70    82,422    69.30  1.44

Residential real estate

  34    9,749    8.20  0.17

Commercial and industrial

  79    20,155    16.95  0.35

Consumer

  6    783    0.66  0.01
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  197   $118,930    100.00  2.07
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Investment Securities

Investment securities are classified at the time of acquisition as either held-to-maturity (“HTM”), available-for-sale (“AFS”), or trading based upon various factors, including Management’s asset/liability strategies, liquidityperforming, and profitability objectives, and regulatory requirements. HTM securities are carried at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts. AFS securities are securities that may be sold prior to maturity based upon Management’s asset/liability decisions. Investment securities identified as available-for-sale are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts on mortgage-backed securities is periodically adjusted for estimated prepayments. Investment securities measured at fair value are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in current period earnings.

The investment securities portfolio of the Company is utilized as collateral for borrowings, required collateral for public deposits and customer repurchase agreements and, to manage liquidity, capital and interest rate risk.

The carrying value of investment securities at September 30, 2013 and December��31, 2012 was as follows:

   September 30,   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
   (in thousands) 

U.S. government sponsored agency securities

  $27,377    $—    

Direct obligations and GSE residential mortgage-backed securities

   772,099     668,265  

Private label residential mortgage-backed securities

   26,147     35,607  

Municipal obligations

   295,225     265,073  

Adjustable-rate preferred stock

   61,389     75,555  

Mutual funds

   32,323     37,961  

CRA investments

   24,900     25,816  

Trust preferred securities

   23,834     24,135  

Collateralized debt obligations

   50     50  

Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities

   —       5,741  

Collateralized mortgage-backed securities

   5,493     —    

Corporate bonds

   97,778     97,781  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total investment securities

  $1,366,615    $1,235,984  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross unrealized losses at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012excluding acquired loans: 

  March 31, 2014
  Number of Loans Loan Balance Percent Percent of Total Loans
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial 66
 $16,912
 14.30% 0.24%
Commercial real estate 67
 79,160
 66.95
 1.11
Construction and land development 6
 13,666
 11.56
 0.19
Residential real estate 19
 7,919
 6.70
 0.11
Consumer 11
 584
 0.49
 0.01
Total 169
 $118,241
 100.00% 1.66%
  At December 31, 2013
  Number of Loans Loan Balance Percent Percent of Total Loans
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial 68
 $15,532
 14.05% 0.23%
Commercial real estate 63
 71,390
 64.55
 1.05
Construction and land development 7
 13,357
 12.08
 0.20
Residential real estate 20
 8,988
 8.13
 0.13
Consumer 17
 1,317
 1.19
 0.02
Total 175
 $110,584
 100.00% 1.63%
Total potential problem loans are primarily causedsecured by interest rate fluctuations, credit spread widening and reduced liquidity in applicable markets. The Company has reviewed investment securities on which there is an unrealized loss in accordance with its accounting policy for OTTI described in Note 3, “Investment Securities,” and determined there was no OTTI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

The Company does not consider any securities, other than those impaired in prior periods, to be other-than-temporarily impaired asreal estate.


66

Table of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. However, without recovery in the near term such that liquidity returns to the applicable markets and spreads return to levels that reflect underlying credit characteristics, additional OTTI may occur in future periods.

Goodwill and Intangibles

Goodwill is created when a company acquires a business. When a business is acquired, the purchased assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value and intangible assets are identified. Excess consideration paid to acquire a business over the fair value of the net assets is recorded as goodwill. The Company’s annual goodwill impairment test is performed as of October 1. The Company determined that there was no triggering event or other factor to indicate an interim test of goodwill impairment was necessary for the third quarter of 2013.

Deferred Tax Asset

WAL and its subsidiaries, other than BW Real Estate, Inc., file a consolidated federal tax return. Due to tax regulations, several items of income and expense are recognized in different periods for tax return purposes than for financial reporting purposes. These items represent “temporary differences.” Deferred taxes are provided on an asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and tax credit carry-forwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of Management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effect of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Although realization is not assured, the Company believes that the realization of the net deferred tax asset is more likely than not based on expectations as to future taxable income and based on available tax planning strategies as defined in FASB ASC 740,Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), that could be implemented if necessary to prevent a carryforward from expiring.

See Note 12, “Income Taxes” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on income taxes.

Deposits

Deposits have been the primary source for funding the Company’s asset growth. At September 30, 2013, total deposits were $7.28 billion, compared to $6.46 billion at December 31, 2012. The deposit growth of $820.1 million, or 13%, was primarily driven by increased interest-bearing demand deposits of $780.8 million. In addition, the bank subsidiaries are members of Certificate of Deposit Registry Service (“CDARS”) and Insured Cash Sweep Service (“ICS”). CDARS and ICS provide mechanisms for obtaining FDIC insurance on large deposits. At September 30, 2013, the Company had $459.2 million of CDARS deposits and $232.0 million of ICS deposits. At December 31, 2012, the Company had $386.3 million of CDARS deposits and $107.6 million ICS deposits. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company had $229.7 million and $99.8 million, respectively, of wholesale brokered deposits.

The following table provides the average balances and weighted average rates paid on deposits:

   Three Months Ended 
   September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   Average
Balance/Rate
  Average
Balance/Rate
 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Interest checking (NOW)

  $641,695     0.23  $510,462     0.23 

Savings and money market

   2,828,113     0.31    2,414,194     0.33  

Time

   1,675,482     0.40    1,286,512     0.52  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest-bearing deposits

   5,145,290     0.33    4,211,168     0.38  

Noninterest bearing demand deposits

   1,931,127     —      1,813,050     —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total deposits

  $7,076,417     0.24  $6,024,218     0.27 
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

   Nine Months Ended 
   September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   Average
Balance/Rate
  Average
Balance/Rate
 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Interest checking (NOW)

  $625,830     0.22 $511,028     0.24

Savings and money market

   2,739,973     0.30    2,314,941     0.35  

Time

   1,570,510     0.40    1,343,624     0.58  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest-bearing deposits

   4,936,313     0.32    4,169,593     0.41  

Noninterest bearing demand deposits

   1,895,090     —      1,734,576     —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total deposits

  $6,831,403     0.23 $5,904,169     0.29
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

Contents


Other Assets Acquired Through Foreclosure

The following table presentsrepresents the changes in other assets acquired through foreclosure:

   For the Three Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   Gross
Balance
  Valuation
Allowance
  Net Balance  Gross Balance  Valuation
Allowance
  Net Balance 
   (in thousands) 

Balance, beginning of the period

  $102,923   $(26,424 $76,499   $120,391   $(43,397 $76,994  

Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   2,737    —      2,737    10,807    —      10,807  

Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net

   (3,411  1,055    (2,356  (13,733  4,335    (9,398

Valuation adjustments, net

   —      (697  (697  —      (781  (781

Gains (losses), net(1)

   292    —      292    611    —      611  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

  $102,541   $(26,066 $76,475   $118,076   $(39,843 $78,233  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014
  Gross Balance Valuation Allowance Net Balance
  (in thousands)
Balance, beginning of the period $88,421
 $(21,702) $66,719
Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net 2,110
 
 2,110
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net (19,473) 5,961
 (13,512)
Valuation adjustments, net 
 (35) (35)
Gains, net (1) 1,168
 
 1,168
Balance, end of period $72,226
 $(15,776) $56,450
       
  2013
Balance, beginning of the period $113,474
 $(36,227) $77,247
Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net 6,609
 
 6,609
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net (12,120) 6,747
 (5,373)
Valuation adjustments, net 
 (1,017) (1,017)
Gains, net (1) 455
 
 455
Balance, end of period $108,418
 $(30,497) $77,921

(1)

(1)
Included in gains (losses), net areIncludes gains related to initial transfers to other assets of $62 thousandzero and $0.3 million during the quarterthree months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and $249 thousand during the quarter ended September 30, 2012respectively, pursuant to accounting guidance.

   For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 
   2013  2012 
   Gross
Balance
  Valuation
Allowance
  Net
Balance
  Gross
Balance
  Valuation
Allowance
  Net
Balance
 
   (in thousands) 

Balance, beginning of the period

  $113,474   $(36,227 $77,247   $135,148   $(46,044 $89,104  

Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net

   14,010    —      14,010    19,522    —      19,522  

Additions from acquisition of Centennial

   5,622    —      5,622    —      —      —    

Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net

   (32,953  12,440    (20,513  (36,911  10,261    (26,650

Valuation adjustments, net

   —      (2,279  (2,279  —      (4,060  (4,060

Gains (losses), net(1)

   2,388    —      2,388    317    —      317  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

  $102,541   $(26,066 $76,475   $118,076   $(39,843 $78,233  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

Included in gains (losses), net are gains related to transfers to other assets of $407 thousand during the nine month period ended September 30, 2013 and $291 thousand during the nine month period ended September 30, 2012 pursuant to accounting guidance.

Other assets acquired through foreclosure consist primarily of properties acquired as a result of, or in-lieu-of, foreclosure. Properties or other assets (primarily repossessed assets formerly leased) are classified as other real estate ownedOREO and other repossessed property and are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value, less estimated costs to sell the property. Costs relating to the development or improvement of the assets are capitalized and costs relating to holding the assets are charged to expense. The Company had $76.5$56.5 million and $77.2$66.7 million respectively, of such assets at September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012.2013, respectively. At September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, the Company held approximately 73 other real estate owned63 OREO properties, compared to 7570 at December 31, 2012.2013. When significant adjustments were based on unobservable inputs, such as when a current appraised value is not available or Managementmanagement determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below appraised value and there is no observable market price, the resulting fair value measurement has been categorized as a Level 3 measurement.

Junior Subordinated Debt

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess consideration paid for net assets acquired in a business combination over their fair value and is subsequently evaluated for impairment at least annually. The Company measureshas goodwill of $23.2 million and other intangibles, which consist primarily of core deposit intangibles, of $3.6 million as of March 31, 2014. The Company performs its annual goodwill and intangibles impairment test as of October 1 each year, or more often if events or circumstances indicate that the balancecarrying value may not be recoverable. During the three months ended March 31, 2014, there were no events or circumstances that indicated an interim impairment test of goodwill or other intangible assets was necessary.
Deferred Tax Asset
Western Alliance Bancorporation and its subsidiaries, other than BW Real Estate, Inc., file a consolidated federal tax return. Due to tax regulations, several items of income and expense are recognized in different periods for tax return purposes than for financial reporting purposes. These items represent temporary differences. Deferred taxes are provided on an asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and tax credit carryovers and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. A temporary difference is the difference between the reported amounts of an asset or liability and its tax basis. A deferred tax asset is reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the junior subordinated debt at fair value, which was $39.4 million at September 30, 2013deferred tax asset will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and $36.2 millionliabilities are adjusted for the effect of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

67


Although realization is not assured, the Company believes that the realization of the net deferred tax asset is more likely than not based on expectations as to future taxable income and based on available tax planning strategies within the meaning of FASB ASC 740 that could be implemented if necessary to prevent a carryover from expiring.
See "Note 10. Income Taxes" to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on income taxes.
Deposits
Deposits are the primary source for funding the Company's asset growth. At March 31, 2014, total deposits were $8.15 billion, compared to $7.84 billion at December 31, 2012. 2013. Total deposit growth of $310.8 million, or 4.0%, was primarily driven by an increase in savings and money market deposits of $362.0 million. WAB is a member of CDARS and ISC, which provide mechanisms for obtaining FDIC insurance on large deposits. At March 31, 2014, the Company had $538.2 million of CDARS deposits and $371.1 million of ICS deposits. At December 31, 2013, the Company had $518.0 million of CDARS deposits and $355.3 million of ICS deposits. At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had $258.4 million and $174.2 million of wholesale brokered deposits, respectively.
The difference betweenaverage balances and weighted average rates paid on deposits are presented below:
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2014 2013
  Average Balance Rate Average Balance Rate
  (dollars in thousands)
Interest checking (NOW) $765,036
 0.20% $608,663
 0.20%
Savings and money market 3,452,333
 0.30
 2,620,874
 0.29
Time 1,619,564
 0.42
 1,449,535
 0.42
     Total interest-bearing deposits 5,836,933
 0.32
 4,679,072
 0.32
Noninterest bearing demand deposits 2,054,125
 
 1,855,070
 
     Total deposits $7,891,058
 0.24% $6,534,142
 0.23%
Securities Sold Short
During the aggregate fair valuefirst quarter of junior subordinated debt2014, the Company entered into a Treasury short transaction to mitigate the interest rate risk profile of floating-rate loans that are currently priced at their floor rate. The Company sold short fixed-rate Treasury securities and invested the aggregate unpaid principalproceeds in a short-term repurchase agreement. The balance of $66.5 million was $27.1$109.8 million at September 30, 2013.

March 31, 2014.

Short-Term Borrowed Funds

The Company from time to time utilizes short-term borrowed funds to support short-term liquidity needs generally created by increased loan demand. The majority of these short-term borrowed funds consist of advances from the FHLB and/or FRB, federal funds purchased and customer repurchase agreements. The Company’sCompany's borrowing capacity atwith the FHLB and FRB is determined based on collateral pledged, generally consisting of securities and loans. In addition, the Company has borrowing capacity from other sources pledged by securities, including securities sold under agreements to repurchase, which are reflected at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction, and may require additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. At September 30,March 31, 2014, total short-term borrowed funds consisted of $57.4 million of customer repurchases, a revolving line of credit of $5.0 million and FHLB advances of $56.3 million. At December 31, 2013, total short-term borrowed funds consisted of $71.2 million of customer repurchases, of $55.5 million, federal funds purchased of $13.3 million and a revolving line of credit of $32.5$3.0 million and FHLB advances of $25.9 million.
Long-Term Debt
At DecemberMarch 31, 2012, total short-term borrowed funds consisted of $79.0 million of customer repurchases and $120.02014, there was $217.2 million of FHLB advances. The decrease in short-term borrowed fundsadvances classified as long-term and $64.9 million of $97.7outstanding Senior Note principal, whose carrying value of $64.3 million was the resultreflects a discount of increased liquidity from customer deposits and a change in funding duration to longer term to mitigate margin compression.

$0.6 million.

Junior Subordinated Debt
Long-Term Debt

In 2010, the Company completed a public offering of $75.0 million in principal Senior Notes due in 2015, bearing interest of 10%. At September 30, 2013, the net principal balance was $74.0 million. In the first quarter of 2013, the Company entered into a long-term fixed rate advance with the FHLB for $200.0 million at an interest rate of 1.04% due in January 2018.

Securities Sold Short

During the first quarter 2013, the Company entered into a Treasury short transaction to mitigate the Company’s modest liability sensitive interest rate risk profile. The Company sold short fixed rate Treasury securitiesmeasures the balance of junior subordinated debt at fair value, which was $42.8 million at March 31, 2014 and invested the proceeds in a short-term repurchase agreement. The balance was $126.7 million at September 30, 2013.

Other Liabilities

The increase of $105.2 million to $204.1 million at September 30, 2013 compared to $98.9$41.9 million at December 31, 2012 was primarily due to an increase in payables for committed, but unfunded transactions and the addition2013.


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Table of unfunded investments in affordable housing credits.

Contents


Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. The critical accounting policies upon which the Company’sCompany's financial condition and results of operations depend, and which involve the most complex subjective decisions or assessments, are included in the discussion entitled “Critical"Critical Accounting Policies”Policies" in “Item"Item 7. Management’sManagement's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," in the Company’sCompany's Annual Report on FormFrom 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012,2013, and all amendments thereto, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. There were no material changes to the critical accounting policies disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Liquidity

Liquidity is the ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, fund asset growth and business operations and meet contractual obligations through unconstrained access to funding at reasonable market rates. Liquidity management involves forecasting funding requirements and maintaining sufficient capacity to meet the needs and accommodate fluctuations in asset and liability levels due to changes in our business operations or unanticipated events.

The ability to have readily available funds sufficient to repay fully maturing liabilities is of primary importance to depositors, creditors and regulators. The Company’sOur liquidity, represented by cash and amounts due from banks, federal funds sold and non-pledged marketable securities, is a result of our operating, investing and financing activities and related cash flows. In order to ensure funds are available when necessary, on at least a quarterly basis, the Company projectswe project the amount of funds that will be required, and we strive to maintain relationships with a diversified customer base. Liquidity requirements can also be met through short-term borrowings or the disposition of short-term assets. The Company has unsecured borrowingFed Funds lines atof credits with correspondent banks totaling $120.0 million.million and other lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $70.0 million, of which $25.0 million is secured and $45.0 million is unsecured. As of March 31, 2014, there was $5.0 million drawn on the secured line of credit and no amounts drawn on the Fed Funds line of credit. In addition, loans and securities are pledged to the FHLB, providing $1.47$1.50 billion in borrowing capacity, with outstanding borrowings and letters of credit of $272.2 million and $143.5$199.1 million, respectively, leaving $1.05$1.03 billion in available credit as of September 30, 2013.March 31, 2014. Loans and securities pledged to the FRB discount window provided $598.3 million$1.00 billion in borrowing capacity. As of September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, there were no outstanding borrowings from the FRB. Thus the Company’sFRB, thus our available credit on this facility totaled $598.3 million.

$1.00 billion.

The Company has a formal liquidity policy and, in the opinion of Management, the Company’smanagement, our liquid assets are considered adequate to meet cash flow needs for loan funding and deposit cash withdrawals for the next 90 to 12090-120 days. At September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, there was $1.04$1.20 billion in liquid assets, comprised of $384.9$355.7 million in cash and cash equivalents and $659.5$846.8 million in unpledged marketable securities. At December 31, 2012,2013, the Company maintained $702.7 million$1.25 billion in liquid assets, comprised of $205.3$309.7 million of cash and cash equivalents and $445.6$938.0 million of unpledged marketable securities.

The holding company maintains additional liquidity that would be sufficient to fund its operations and certain nonbanknon-bank affiliate operations for an extended period should funding from normal sources be disrupted. Since deposits are taken by the bank operating subsidiariessubsidiary and not by the parent company, parent company liquidity is not dependent on the bank operating subsidiaries’subsidiary's deposit balances. In theour analysis of parent company liquidity, it is assumedwe assume that the parent company is unable to generate funds from additional debt or equity issuance, receives no dividend income from subsidiaries and does not pay dividends to shareholders, while continuing to meetmake nondiscretionary usespayments needed to maintain operations and repayment of contractual principal and interest payments owed by the parent company and affiliated companies. Under this scenario, the amount of time the parent company and its nonbanknon-bank subsidiaries can operate and meet all obligations before the current liquid assets are exhausted is considered as part of the parent company liquidity analysis. Management believes the parent company maintains adequate liquidity capacity to operate without additional funding from new sources for over 12 months. The Company’s subsidiary banks (collectively, “the Banks”) maintainWAB maintains sufficient funding capacity to address large increases in funding requirements, such as deposit outflows. This capacity is comprised of liquidity derived from a reduction in asset levels and various secured funding sources.

On a long-term basis, the Company’s liquidity will be met by changing the relative distribution of our asset portfolios for(for example, by reducing investment or loan volumes, or selling or encumbering assets.assets). Further, the Company can increase liquidity by soliciting higher levels of deposit accounts through promotional activities and/or borrowing from correspondent banks, the FHLB of San Francisco and the FRB. At September 30, 2013, the Company’sMarch 31, 2014, our long-term liquidity needs primarily relate to funds required to support loan originations and commitments and deposit withdrawals, which can be met by cash flows from investment payments and maturities, and investment sales, if necessary.

The Company’s liquidity is comprised of three primary classifications: (1)1) cash flows provided by operating activities; (2)2) cash flows used in investing activities; and (3)3) cash flows provided by financing activities. Net cash provided by or used in operating activities consists primarily of net income, adjusted for changes in certain other asset and liability accounts and certain non-cash income and expense items, such as the loan loss provision for credit losses, investment and other amortization and depreciation. For

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the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and 2012, net cash provided by operating activities was $123.8$40.0 million and $124.9$46.1 million, respectively.

The Company’s

Our primary investing activities are the origination of real estate commercial and consumercommercial loans and purchase and sale of securities. The Company’sOur net cash provided by and used in investing activities has been primarily influenced by the Company’sour loan and securities activities. The net increase in loans for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and 2012 was $388.3$322.6 million and $612.9$124.4 million, respectively.

The increase from purchases or pay downs of securities, net for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 was $25.2 million and $69.4 million, respectively.

Net cash provided by financing activities has been impacted significantly by increased deposit levels. During the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2014 and 2013, and 2012, deposits increased $482.0$310.9 million and $503.5$279.7 million, respectively.

Fluctuations in core deposit levels may increase our need for liquidity as certificates of deposit mature or are withdrawn before maturity, and as non-maturity deposits, such as checking and savings account balances, are withdrawn. Additionally, we are exposed to the risk that customers with large deposit balances will withdraw all or a portion of such deposits, due in part to the FDIC limitations on the amount of insurance coverage provided to depositors. To mitigate the uninsured deposit risk, we have joined the CDARS and ICS, programsa program that allowallows customers to invest up to $50.0 million in certificates of deposit or money market accounts through one participating financial institution, with the entire amount being covered by FDIC insurance. As of September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, we had $459.2$538.2 million of CDARS and $232.0$371.1 million of ICS deposits.

As of September 30, 2013, the CompanyMarch 31, 2014, we had $229.7$258.4 million of wholesale brokered deposits outstanding. Brokered deposits are generally considered to be deposits that have been received from a third party that is acting on behalf of that party’s customer. Often, a broker will direct a customer’s deposits to the banking institution offering the highest interest rate available. Federal banking lawlaws and regulation placesregulations place restrictions on depository institutions regarding brokered deposits because of the general concern that these deposits are at a greater risk of being withdrawn and placed on deposit at another institution offering a higher interest rate, thus posing liquidity risk for institutions that gather brokered deposits in significant amounts. The Company does not anticipate using brokered deposits as a significant liquidity source in the near future.

Federal and state banking regulations place certain restrictions on dividends paid by the Banks to the Company.paid. The total amount of dividends which may be paid at any date is generally limited to the retained earnings of each Bank.the bank. Dividends paid by the BanksWAB to the Company would be prohibited if the effect thereof would cause the respective Bank’sbank’s capital to be reduced below applicable minimum capital requirements. In addition, the Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) at Bank of Nevada that was effective through the second quarter 2013 required prior regulatory approval ofWAB, LVSP and WAEF paid dividends to the Company. Bank of Nevada, Western Alliance Bank, Torrey Pines Bank, and Las Vegas Sunset Properties have paid dividendsCompany in the amount of $35.0$16.0 million, $7.0 million, $9.0$2.0 million and $4.5$1.5 million respectively, overduring the past three quarters of 2013 to Western Alliance Bancorporation. Subsequent to September 30, 2013, Bank of Nevada paid a $16.0 million dividend to Western Alliance Bancorporation.

months ended March 31, 2014, respectively.

Capital Resources

The Company and the Banksbank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements could trigger certain mandatory or discretionary actions that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s business and Consolidated Financial Statements.financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the BanksWAB must meet specific capital guidelines that involve qualitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the BanksWAB to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total and Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets, (as defined), and of Tier I leverage (as defined) to average assets (as defined).assets. As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012,2013, the Company and the BanksWAB met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

As of September 30, 2013March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012, each of the capital ratios at each bank subsidiary and2013, the Company exceededand its bank met the minimum capital ratio requirements necessary to be classified as well-capitalized.well-capitalized, as defined by the banking agencies. To be categorized as well-capitalized, the BanksWAB must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier I risk-based and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. Until recently, Bank of Nevada was subject to an MOU that required it to maintain a higher Tier 1 leverage ratio than otherwise required to be considered well-capitalized. At December 31, 2012, the capital levels at Bank of Nevada exceeded this elevated requirement. The MOU was terminated, effective as of July 9, 2013, and, therefore, Bank of Nevada is no longer subject to this requirement.

Federal banking regulators have proposed revisions to the bank capital requirement standards known as Basel III. Basel III strengthens bank capital requirements and introduces new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and bank leverage. Based on the Company’s assessment of these proposed regulations, as of September 30, 2013 and DecemberMarch 31, 2012,2014, the Company and each of the BanksWAB met the requirements necessary to be classified as well-capitalized under the proposed regulation.


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The actual capital amounts and ratios for the Company are presented in the following table:

          Adequately-  Minimum For 
   Actual  Capitalized  Well-Capitalized 
   Requirements  Requirements 

As of September 30, 2013

  Amount   Ratio  Amount   Ratio  Amount   Ratio 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)

  $951,656     12.5 $610,108     8.0 $762,635     10.0

Tier I Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)

   856,224     11.2    305,205     4.0    457,808     6.0  

Leverage ratio (to Average Assets)

   856,224     10.0    344,107     4.0    430,134     5.0  
          Adequately-  Minimum For 
   Actual  Capitalized  Well-Capitalized 
   Requirements  Requirements 

As of December 31, 2012

  Amount   Ratio  Amount   Ratio  Amount   Ratio 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)

  $856,199     12.6 $543,618     8.0 $679,523     10.0

Tier I Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)

   768,687     11.3    272,102     4.0    408,152     6.0  

Leverage ratio (to Average Assets)

   768,687     10.1    304,430     4.0    380,538     5.0  

tables as of the periods indicated:  

  Actual Adequately-Capitalized Requirements Minimum For Well-Capitalized Requirements
  Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
  (dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2014            
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) $1,031,371
 12.4% $665,401
 8.0% $831,751
 10.0%
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) 926,498
 11.1
 333,873
 4.0
 500,810
 6.0
Leverage Ratio (to Average Assets) 926,498
 9.9
 374,343
 4.0
 467,928
 5.0
December 31, 2013            
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) $991,461
 12.4% $639,652
 8.0% $799,565
 10.0%
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) 891,232
 11.1
 321,165
 4.0
 481,747
 6.0
Leverage Ratio (to Average Assets) 891,232
 9.8
 363,768
 4.0
 454,710
 5.0
ITEM
Item 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKQuantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market prices and rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. Our market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk inherent in our lending, investing and deposit taking activities. To that end, Managementmanagement actively monitors and manages our interest rate risk exposure. We generally manage our interest rate sensitivity by evaluating re-pricing opportunities on our earning assets to match those on our funding liabilities.

Management uses various asset/liability strategies to manage the re-pricing characteristics of our assets and liabilities, all of which are designed to ensure that exposure to interest rate fluctuations is limited to within our guidelines of acceptable levels of risk-taking. Hedging strategies, including the terms and pricing of loans and deposits and management of the deployment of our securities, are used to reduce mismatches in interest rate re-pricing opportunities of portfolio assets and their funding sources.

Interest rate risk is addressed by each Bank’s respective Asset and Liability Management Committee, orthe ALCO (or its equivalent), which includes members of executive management, senior finance and operations. ALCO monitors interest rate risk by analyzing the potential impact on the net economic value of equity and net interest income from potential changes in interest rates and considers the impact of alternative strategies or changes in balance sheet structure. We manage our balance sheet in part to maintain the potential impact on economic value of equity and net interest income within acceptable ranges despite changes in interest rates.

Our exposure to interest rate risk is reviewed on at least a quarterly basis by the ALCO. Interest rate risk exposure is measured using interest rate sensitivity analysis to determine our change in economic value of equity in the event of hypothetical changes in interest rates. If potential changes to net economic value of equity and net interest income resulting from hypothetical interest rate changes are not within the limits established by each Bank’sthe bank’s Board of Directors, the respective Board of Directors may direct Managementmanagement to adjust the asset and liability mix to bring interest rate risk within Board-approved limits.

Net Interest Income Simulation. In order to measure interest rate risk at September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, we used a simulation model to project changes in net interest income that result from forecasted changes in interest rates. This analysis calculates the difference between net interest income forecasted using an immediate increase and decrease in interest rates and a net interest income forecast using a flat market interest rate environment derived from spot yield curves typically used to price our assets and liabilities. The income simulation model includes various assumptions regarding the re-pricing relationships for each of our products. Many of our assets are floating rate loans, which are assumed to re-price immediately and, proportional to the change in market rates, depending on their contracted index. Some loans and investments include the opportunity of prepayment (embedded options), and, accordingly, the simulation model uses estimated market speeds to derive prepayments and reinvests proceeds at modeled yields. Our non-term deposit products re-price more slowly, usually changing less than the change in market rates and at our discretion.

This analysis indicates the impact of changes in net interest income for the given set of rate changes and assumptions. It assumes the balance sheet remains static and that its structure does not change over the course of the year. It does not account for all factors that could impact our results, including changesactions taken by Managementmanagement to mitigate interest rate changes or secondary factors such as changes to our credit risk profile as interest rates change.


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Furthermore, loan prepayment rate estimates and spread relationships change regularly. Interest rate changes create changes in actual loan prepayment speeds that will differ from the market estimates incorporated in this analysis. Changes that vary significantly from the modeled assumptions may have significant effects on our actual net interest income.

This simulation model assesses the changes in net interest income that would occur in response to an instantaneous and sustained increase or decrease (shock) in market interest rates. At September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, our net interest marginincome exposure for the next twelve months related to these hypothetical changes in market interest rates was within our current guidelines.

Sensitivity of Net Interest Income

   Interest Rate Scenario (change in basis points from Base) 
(in 000’s)  Down 100  Base   Up 100  Up 200  Up 300  Up 400 

Interest Income

  $353,338   $358,333    $380,419   $406,956   $436,106   $465,925  

Interest Expense

  $31,625   $31,677    $51,762   $71,848   $91,934   $112,020  

Net Interest Income

  $321,713   $326,656    $328,657   $335,108   $344,172   $353,905  

% Change

   (1.5)%     0.6  2.6  5.4  8.3

  Interest Rate Scenario (change in basis points from Base)
(in 000’s) Down 100 Base Up 100 Up 200 Up 300 Up 400
Interest Income $382,888
 $389,645
 $419,660
 $456,597
 $496,029
 $536,066
Interest Expense 38,726
 38,882
 67,088
 95,385
 123,669
 151,922
Net Interest Income 344,162
 350,763
 352,572
 361,212
 372,360
 384,144
% Change (1.9)%   0.5% 3.0% 6.2% 9.5%
Economic Value of Equity. We measure the impact of market interest rate changes on the net present value of estimated cash flows from our assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items, defined as economic value of equity, using a simulation model. This simulation model assesses the changes in the market value of interest rate sensitive financial instruments that would occur in response to an instantaneous and sustained increase or decrease (shock) in market interest rates.

At September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, our economic value of equity exposure related to these hypothetical changes in market interest rates was within the current guidelines established by us. The following table shows our projected change in economic value of equity for this set of rate shocks at September 30, 2013.

March 31, 2014:

Economic Value of Equity

   Down 100  Base   Up 100  Up 200  Up 300  Up 400 

Present Value (000’s)

        

Assets

  $9,168,034   $9,055,369    $8,855,476   $8,669,114   $8,495,260   $8,336,093  

Liabilities

  $7,967,637   $7,832,059    $7,629,111   $7,458,913   $7,290,636   $7,122,640  

Net Present Value

  $1,200,397   $1,223,310    $1,226,365   $1,210,201   $1,204,624   $1,213,453  

% Change

   (1.9)%     0.2  (1.1)%   (1.5)%   (0.8)% 

  Interest Rate Scenario (change in basis points from Base)
  Down 100 Base Up 100 Up 200 Up 300 Up 400
Present Value (000’s)            
Assets $9,960,462
 $9,854,087
 $9,654,380
 $9,467,117
 $9,291,542
 $9,127,199
Liabilities 8,616,470
 8,465,725
 8,244,799
 8,067,695
 7,893,008
 7,718,861
Net Present Value 1,343,992
 1,388,362
 1,409,581
 1,399,422
 1,398,534
 1,408,338
% Change (3.2)%   1.5% 0.8% 0.7% 1.4%
The computation of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, asset prepayments and deposit decay and, should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results. Further, the computations do not contemplate any actions we may undertake in response to changes in interest rates. Actual amounts may differ from the projections set forth above should market conditions vary from the underlying assumptions.

Derivative Contracts.In the normal course of business, the Company uses derivative instruments to meet the needs of its customers and manage exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. The following table summarizes the aggregate notional amounts, market values and terms of the Company’s derivative positions with derivative market makers as of September 30, 2013.March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

Outstanding Derivatives Positions

      Weighted Average

Notional

  

Net Value

  

Maturity (in yrs)

108,275,668

  (2,148,234)  17.0

The following table summarizes the aggregate notional amounts, market values and terms

March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
Notional Net Value Weighted Average Term (Yrs) Notional Net Value Weighted Average Term (Yrs)
(dollars in thousands)
$516,672
 $10,013
 18.3
 $287,947
 $1,709
 17.2


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Table of the Company’s derivative positions with derivative market makers as of December 31, 2012:

Outstanding Derivatives Positions

      Weighted Average

Notional

  

Net Value

  

Term (in yrs)

9,361,464

  (777,703)  2.9

Contents


ITEM
Item 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESControls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls

Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934)1934, as amended) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and forms. Additionally, our disclosure controls and procedures were also effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports we file or subject under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’sCompany's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2013,March 31, 2014, which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’sCompany's internal control over financial reporting.


73


PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM
Item 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGSLegal Proceedings.

There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or to which any of our properties are subject. There are no material proceedings known to us to be contemplated by any governmental authority. From time to time, we are involved in a variety of litigation matters in the ordinary course of our business and anticipate that we will become involved in new litigation matters in the future.

As previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, one of the Company’s banking subsidiaries, Bank of Nevada, operated under informal supervisory oversight by banking regulators in the form of an MOU. The MOU required enhanced management of such matters as asset quality, credit administration, repossessed property, information technology, and imposed a number of other requirements. The MOU was terminated, effective as of July 9, 2013.

ITEM
Item 1A.RISK FACTORSRisk Factors.

There have not been any material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’sCompany's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

2013.
ITEM 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Item 6.Exhibits.

None.

EXHIBITS
ITEM 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6.EXHIBITS

31.1* CEO Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).
31.2* CFO Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).
32** CEO and CFO Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS101.INS* XBRL Instance DocumentDocument.
101.SCH*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.DEF*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.CAL*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

The following materials from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,2013, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), include: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (ii) Consolidated Income Statements and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, (iii) Consolidated Statement


* Filed herewith.
**Furnished herewith.


74

Table of Stockholders’ Equity at September 30, 2013, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and (v) Notes to (unaudited) Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements***.

*Filed herewith.
**Furnished herewith.
***Furnished herewith. Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.

Contents


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION
Date: October 31, 2013 
April 30, 2014 By: /s/ Robert Sarver
  Robert Sarver
  Chairman of the Board and
 Chief Executive Officer
Date: October 31, 2013 
April 30, 2014 By: /s/ Dale Gibbons
  Dale Gibbons
  Executive Vice President and
  Chief Financial Officer
Date: October 31, 2013 
April 30, 2014 By: /s/ J. Kelly Ardrey Jr.
  J. Kelly Ardrey Jr.
  Senior Vice President and
  Chief Accounting Officer



75