UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number000-08467

WESBANCO, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)


WEST VIRGINIA		55-0571723
(State of incorporation)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

1 Bank Plaza, Wheeling, WV		26003
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:304-234-9000

NOT APPLICABLE

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of RegulationS-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files).

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, anon-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☑

As of April ~~23, 2018,~~22, 2019, there were ~~46,568,911~~54,599,127 shares of WesBanco, Inc. common stock, $2.0833 par value, outstanding.

WESBANCO, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Item No.	ITEM	Page No.		ITEM	Page No.

				PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1	Financial Statements			Financial Statements
	Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2018 (unaudited) and December 31, 2017		3	Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018		3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)		4	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)		4
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)		5	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)		5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)		6	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)		6
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)		7	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)		7

2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		29	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		33

3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		48	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		52

4	Controls and Procedures		51	Controls and Procedures		55

	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION			PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

1	Legal Proceedings		52	Legal Proceedings		56

2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		52	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		56

6	Exhibits		53	Exhibits		57

	Signatures		54	Signatures		58

PART ~~I —~~ I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

WESBANCO, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


*(unaudited, in thousands, except shares)*	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks, including interest bearing amounts of$9,484 and $19,826, respectively	$	100,845		$	117,572
Cash and due from banks, including interest bearing amounts of$177,797 and $44,536, respectively							$	336,894		$	169,186
Securities:
Equity securities, at fair value		13,986			13,457			11,978			11,737
Available-for-sale debt securities, at fair value		1,728,377			1,261,865			2,145,089			2,114,129
Held-to-maturity debt securities (fair values of $1,005,502and $1,023,784, respectively)		1,006,042			1,009,500
Held-to-maturity debt securities (fair values of $948,641and $1,020,743, respectively)								936,484			1,020,934

Total securities		2,748,405			2,284,822			3,093,551			3,146,800

Loans held for sale		12,962			20,320			8,358			8,994

Portfolio loans, net of unearned income		6,322,538			6,341,441			7,666,081			7,656,281
Allowance for loan losses		(46,334	)		(45,284	)		(48,866	)		(48,948	)

Net portfolio loans		6,276,204			6,296,157			7,617,215			7,607,333

Premises and equipment, net		128,583			130,722			180,651			166,925
Accrued interest receivable		31,963			29,728			39,662			38,853
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net		588,339			589,264			915,597			918,850
Bank-owned life insurance		191,839			192,589			226,636			225,317
Other assets		166,279			155,004			182,844			176,374

Total Assets	$	10,245,419		$	9,816,178		$	12,601,408		$	12,458,632

LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing demand	$	1,950,619		$	1,846,748		$	2,511,140		$	2,441,041
Interest bearing demand		1,768,977			1,625,015			2,159,654			2,146,508
Money market		984,429			1,024,856			1,148,295			1,142,925
Savings deposits		1,314,632			1,269,912			1,672,967			1,645,549
Certificates of deposit		1,207,669			1,277,057			1,424,275			1,455,610

Total deposits		7,226,326			7,043,588			8,916,331			8,831,633

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings		1,166,939			948,203			1,031,796			1,054,174
Other short-term borrowings		207,653			184,805			301,547			290,522
Subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt		164,379			164,327			179,632			189,842

Total borrowings		1,538,971			1,297,335			1,512,975			1,534,538

Accrued interest payable		4,033			3,178			6,030			4,627
Other liabilities		73,063			76,756			142,933			109,007

Total Liabilities		8,842,393			8,420,857			10,578,269			10,479,805

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, no par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding		—			—			—			—
Common stock, $2.0833 par value;100,000,000shares authorized in 2018 and 2017, respectively;44,060,957and 44,043,244 shares issued, respectively;44,060,957and 44,043,244 shares outstanding, respectively		91,793			91,756
Common stock, $2.0833 par value;100,000,000shares authorized;54,604,294shares issued in 2019 and 2018, respectively;54,599,127and 54,598,134 shares outstanding in 2019 and 2018, respectively								113,758			113,758
Capital surplus		686,169			684,730			1,167,761			1,166,701
Retained earnings		673,174			651,357			761,002			737,581
Treasury stock (0shares in 2018 and 2017, respectively, at cost)		—			—
Treasury stock (5,167 and 6,160shares in 2019 and 2018, respectively, at cost)								(229	)		(274	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(47,076	)		(31,495	)		(18,098	)		(37,871	)
Deferred benefits for directors		(1,034	)		(1,027	)		(1,055	)		(1,068	)

Total Shareholders’ Equity		1,403,026			1,395,321			2,023,139			1,978,827

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	10,245,419		$	9,816,178		$	12,601,408		$	12,458,632

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

WESBANCO, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,						For the Three Months Ended March 31,
*(unaudited, in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)*	2018			2017			2019		2018
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME
Loans, including fees	$	69,237		$	64,898		$	95,502	$	69,237
Interest and dividends on securities:
Taxable		11,543			9,596			16,733		11,543
Tax-exempt		4,834			4,891			5,541		4,834

Total interest and dividends on securities		16,377			14,487			22,274		16,377

Other interest income		803			539			1,277		803

Total interest and dividend income		86,417			79,924			119,053		86,417

INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest bearing demand deposits		2,524			1,093			3,946		2,524
Money market deposits		878			574			1,899		878
Savings deposits		189			181			522		189
Certificates of deposit		2,536			2,411			3,903		2,536

Total interest expense on deposits		6,127			4,259			10,270		6,127

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings		4,498			2,836			6,337		4,498
Other short-term borrowings		558			297			1,556		558
Subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt		1,942			1,813			2,529		1,942

Total interest expense		13,125			9,205			20,692		13,125

NET INTEREST INCOME		73,292			70,719			98,361		73,292
Provision for credit losses		2,168			2,711			2,507		2,168

Net interest income after provision for credit losses		71,124			68,008			95,854		71,124

NON-INTEREST INCOME
Trust fees		6,503			6,143			7,115		6,503
Service charges on deposits		4,822			4,853			6,549		4,822
Electronic banking fees		4,829			4,528			5,892		4,829
Net securities brokerage revenue		1,670			1,762			1,860		1,670
Bank-owned life insurance		2,756			1,140			1,319		2,756
Mortgage banking income		1,004			1,440			1,056		1,004
Net securities (losses) gains		(39	)		12
Net gain (loss) on other real estate owned and other assets		262			(76	)
Net securities gains (losses)								657		(39	)
Net gain on other real estate owned and other assets								136		262
Other income		2,173			3,082			3,189		2,173

Totalnon-interest income		23,980			22,884			27,773		23,980

NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and wages		25,006			23,002			30,940		25,006
Employee benefits		6,912			8,210			9,989		6,912
Net occupancy		4,656			4,327			5,566		4,656
Equipment		3,949			4,042			4,833		3,949
Marketing		1,116			824			1,243		1,116
FDIC insurance		658			827			1,353		658
Amortization of intangible assets		1,086			1,273			2,514		1,086
Restructuring and merger-related expense		245			491			3,107		245
Other operating expenses		10,943			11,388			14,887		10,943

Totalnon-interest expense		54,571			54,384			74,432		54,571

Income before provision for income taxes		40,533			36,508			49,195		40,533
Provision for income taxes		7,004			10,622			8,858		7,004

NET INCOME	$	33,529		$	25,886		$	40,337	$	33,529

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic	$	0.76		$	0.59		$	0.74	$	0.76
Diluted	$	0.76		$	0.59		$	0.74	$	0.76

AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic		44,050,701			43,947,563			54,598,499		44,050,701
Diluted		44,168,242			44,020,765			54,706,337		44,168,242

DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE	$	0.29		$	0.26		$	0.31	$	0.29

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	19,011		$	28,171		$	60,110	$	19,011

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

WESBANCO, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

~~For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017~~


For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018																									For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
	Common Stock				Capital Surplus				Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income			Deferred Benefits for Directors				Total				Common Stock																		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income				Deferred Benefits for Directors
*(unaudited, in thousands, except shares* *and per share amounts)*	Shares Outstanding		Amount									Treasury Stock		Shares Outstanding							Amount						Capital Surplus				Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock				Total							Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income				Deferred Benefits for Directors
December 31, 2018																											54,598,134			$	113,758	$	1,166,701			$	737,581			$	(274	)		$	(37,871	)		$	(1,068	)		$	1,978,827

Net income																											—				—		—				40,337				—				—				—				40,337
Other comprehensive income																											—				—		—				—				—				19,773				—				19,773

Comprehensive income																											—				—		—				—				—				—				—				60,110
Common dividends declared ($0.31 per share)																											—				—		—				(16,916	)			—				—				—				(16,916	)
Treasury shares acquired																											(7	)			—		—				—				—				—				—				—
Stock options exercised																											1,000				—		(25	)			—				45				—				—				20
Stock compensation expense																											—				—		1,075				—				—				—				—				1,075
Deferred benefits for directors- net																											—				—		10				—				—				—				13				23

March 31, 2019																											54,599,127			$	113,758	$	1,167,761			$	761,002			$	(229	)		$	(18,098	)		$	(1,055	)		$	2,023,139

December 31, 2017		44,043,244	$	91,756	Capital Surplus			$	Retained Earnings	684,730		$	651,357		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	$	—	Deferred Benefits for Directors		$	(31,495	Total	)		$	(1,027	)		$	1,395,321		44,043,244			$	91,756			$	684,730			$	651,357			$	—			$	(31,495	)		$	(1,027	)	$	1,395,321

Net income		—		—		—				33,529			—			—			—				33,529				—				—		—				33,529				—				—				—				33,529
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—				—			—			(14,518	)		—				(14,518	)
Other comprehensive loss																											—				—		—				—				—				(14,518	)			—				(14,518	)

Comprehensive income		—		—		—				—			—			—			—				19,011				—				—		—				—				—				—				— ��				19,011
Common dividends declared ($0.29 per share)		—		—		—				(12,775	)		—			—			—				(12,775	)			—				—		—				(12,775	)			—				—				—				(12,775	)
Adoption of accounting standard ASU2016-01		—		—		—				1,063			—			(1,063	)		—				—				—				—		—				1,063				—				(1,063	)			—				—
Stock options exercised		17,713		37		523				—			—			—			—				560				17,713				37		523				—				—				—				—				560
Stock compensation expense		—		—		909				—			—			—			—				909				—				—		909				—				—				—				—				909
Deferred benefits for directors- net		—		—		7				—			—			—			(7	)			—				—				—		7				—				—				—				(7	)			—

March 31, 2018		44,060,957	$	91,793	$	686,169			$	673,174		$	—		$	(47,076	)	$	(1,034	)		$	1,403,026				44,060,957			$	91,793	$	686,169			$	673,174			$	—			$	(47,076	)		$	(1,034	)		$	1,403,026


December 31, 2016		43,931,715	$	91,524	$	680,507			$	597,071		$	—		$	(27,126	)	$	(568	)		$	1,341,408

Net income		—		—		—				25,886			—			—			—				25,886
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—				—			—			2,285			—				2,285

Comprehensive income		—		—		—				—			—			—			—				28,171
Common dividends declared ($0.26 per share)		—		—		—				(11,429	)		—			—			—				(11,429	)
Stock options exercised		17,634		36		490				—			—			—			—				526
Restricted stock granted		3,702		8		(8	)			—			—			—			—				—
Stock compensation expense		—		—		477				—			—			—			—				477
Deferred benefits for directors- net		—		—		5				—			—			—			(5	)			—

March 31, 2017		43,953,051	$	91,568	$	681,471			$	611,528		$	—		$	(24,841	)	$	(573	)		$	1,359,153

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

WESBANCO, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,						For the Three Months Ended March 31,
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	2018			2017			2019			2018
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	$	32,371		$	47,508		$	51,190		$	31,907

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net decrease (increase) in loans held for investment		19,923			(63,701	)
Debt securitiesavailable-for-sale:
Net (increase) decrease in loans held for investment								(5,287	)		19,923
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Proceeds from sales								66,095			—
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments and calls		53,496			59,043			79,051			53,496
Purchases of securities		(540,624	)		(41,742	)		(85,096	)		(540,624	)
Debt securitiesheld-to-maturity:
Held-to-maturity debt securities:
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments and calls		17,121			24,367			20,067			17,121
Purchases of securities		(15,343	)		(16,023	)		(4,308	)		(15,343	)
Equity securities:
Purchases of securities		(558	)		—
Proceeds from sales								590			—
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance		3,506			—			—			3,506
Purchases of premises and equipment – net		(328	)		(2,311	)		(2,181	)		(328	)

Net cash used in investing activities		(462,807	)		(40,367	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities								68,931			(462,249	)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Increase in deposits		183,012			105,344			85,238			183,012
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings		375,000			170,000			100,000			375,000
Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings		(156,261	)		(201,825	)		(122,463	)		(156,261	)
Increase (decrease) in other short-term borrowings		27,848			(25,733	)
Increase in other short-term borrowings								11,025			27,848
Principal repayments of finance lease obligations								(99	)		(94	)
Decrease in federal funds purchased		(5,000	)		(58,000	)		—			(5,000	)
Repayment of junior subordinated debt								(10,310	)		—
Dividends paid to common shareholders		(11,450	)		(10,539	)		(15,824	)		(11,450	)
Issuance of common stock		560			526			—			560
Treasury shares sold—net								20			—

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		413,709			(20,227	)
Net cash provided by financing activities								47,587			413,615

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(16,727	)		(13,086	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents								167,708			(16,727	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period		117,572			128,170			169,186			117,572

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period	$	100,845		$	115,084		$	336,894		$	100,845

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES
Interest paid on deposits and other borrowings	$	12,496		$	9,441		$	19,645		$	12,496
Income taxes paid		—			250			—			—
Transfers of loans to other real estate owned		—			77			402			—
Transfer ofheld-to-maturity debt securities toavailable-for-sale debt securities								67,393			—

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation —The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements of WesBanco, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“WesBanco”) have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form10-Q and Article 10 of RegulationS-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

WesBanco’s interim financial statements have been prepared following the significant accounting policies disclosed in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of its ~~2017~~2018 Annual Report on Form10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In the opinion of management, the accompanying interim financial information reflects all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly WesBanco’s financial position and results of operations for each of the interim periods presented. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on WesBanco’s net income and stockholders’ equity. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for a full year.

Recent accounting pronouncements —In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill andOther—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract.” This ASU specifically aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtaininternal-use software and hosting arrangements that include aninternal-use software license. The ASU does not affect the accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. WesBanco is currently assessing the impact of ASU2018-15 on WesBanco’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Topic715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” This ASU modifies ASC715-20 to improve disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The guidance is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. WesBanco is currently assessing the impact of ASU2018-14 on WesBanco’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” This ASU modifies the disclosure objective paragraphs of ASC 820 to eliminate (1) “at a minimum” from the phrase “an entity shall disclose at a minimum” and (2) other similar “open ended” disclosure requirements to promote the appropriate exercise of discretion of entities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. WesBanco is currently assessing the impact of ASU2018-13 on WesBanco’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In September 2016, the FASB issued ASU2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326)”, which will require entities to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model on trade and other receivables,held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for credit losses. Foravailable-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to what they do today, except that the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. Entities will have to disclose significantly more information, including information they use to track credit quality by year of origination for most financing receivables. Public business entities must apply the new requirements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which for WesBanco will be effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. WesBanco formed a cross-functional team to oversee the implementation of this ASU, and has completed an initial data gap assessment, finalized the loan segmentation procedures, and is currently evaluating the various forecasting and modeling assumptions, including qualitative factors, that will be used to estimate the initial current expected credit loss allowance. Substantial progress has been made on the identification and staging of data, development of models, refinement of economic forecasting processes, and documentation of accounting policy decisions. In conjunction with this implementation, WesBanco is reviewing business processes and evaluating potential changes to the control environment. Acquired loans or pools of loans that have experienced more-than-insignificant credit deterioration are deemed to be purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans, and aregrossed-up on day 1 by the initial credit estimate through goodwill as opposed to the provision for credit losses. At acquisition, WesBanco will consider several factors as indicators that an acquired loan or pool of loans has experienced more-than-insignificant credit deterioration. These factors may include loan 30 days or more past due, loans with an internal risk grade of below average or lower, loans classified asnon-accrual by the acquired institution, materiality of the credit and loans that have been previously modified in a troubled debt restructuring. WesBanco plans to perform several parallel runs of the new methodology in 2019 prior to adoption of the ASU. WesBanco currently anticipates that an increase to the allowance for credit losses will be recognized upon adoption to provide for the expected credit losses over the estimated life of the financial assets. The magnitude of the increase will depend on economic conditions and trends in the loan portfolio at the time of adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, which requires entities to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. The principal difference from previous guidance is that the lease assets and lease liabilities arising from operating leases were not previously recognized in the balance

sheet. Public business entities must apply the new requirements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For WesBanco, this update was effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU2018-01, which allows entities the option to apply the provisions of the new lease guidance at the effective date without adjusting the comparative periods presented. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU2018-10, which provides narrow-scope improvements to the lease standard and ASU2018-11, which allows entities to choose an additional transition method, under which an entity initially applies the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Under this transitional method, the entity shall recognize and measure the leases that exist at the adoption date and the prior comparative periods are not adjusted. WesBanco adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2019 using the transitional method. In addition, WesBanco utilized the practical expedients that allowed the Company to retain the classifications of existing leases, notre-assess if existing leases have initial direct costs and hindsight when determining the lease term and assessment of impairment. WesBanco capitalized $20 million forright-of-use assets and lease liabilities, net of existing straight-line lease liabilities and unfavorable acquired lease liabilities. See additional disclosures in Note 6, “Leases”.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU~~No.~~ 2017-12, “Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” The new guidance will make more financial and nonfinancial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting. It also amends the presentation and disclosure requirements and changes how companies assess effectiveness. It is intended to more closely align hedge accounting with companies’ risk management strategies, simplify the application of hedge accounting, and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedging programs. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. ~~Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. WesBanco is assessing the impact of ASU2017-12~~ ~~on WesBanco’s Consolidated Financial Statements.~~

~~In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU2017-07~~ that changes how an employer presents the net periodic benefit cost in the income statement for an employer-sponsored defined benefit pension and/or other postretirement benefit plans. Employers will present the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. Only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. Employers will present the other components of the net periodic benefit cost separately from the line items that includes the service cost outside of any subtotal of operating income, if one is presented. These components will not be eligible for capitalization in assets. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period (i.e., only in the first interim period). For WesBanco, this update was effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, ~~2018.~~2019. Upon adoption, WesBanco reclassified ~~the service cost component from employee benefits~~$67.3 million of callableheld-to-maturity municipal debt securities to ~~salaries and wages, which are both components ofnon-interest~~available-for-sale ~~expense. The service cost component for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $0.7 million.~~debt securities.

In ~~January 2017,~~October 2018, the FASB issued ASU~~No. 2017-01,~~2018-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes.” This ASU modifies ASC 815 for eligible benchmark interest rates. Due to concerns about the sustainability of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the Federal Reserve initiated an effort to introduce an alternative reference rate in the United States. The Overnight Index Swap (OIS) rate, which ~~clarifies the definition of~~is based on SOFR is permitted as a ~~business with the objective of adding~~U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. The guidance ~~to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. ASU2017-01~~ ~~will be~~is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, ~~2017, which for~~2018. For WesBanco, this update was effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, ~~2018.~~2019. The adoption of this pronouncement did not have a material impact on WesBanco’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~In October 2016,~~

NOTE 2. MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS

On August 20, 2018, WesBanco completed its acquisition of Farmers Capital Bank Corp. (“FFKT”), a bank holding company headquartered in Frankfort, KY. On the ~~FASB issued ASU2016-16~~acquisition date, FFKT had approximately $1.6 billion in assets, excluding goodwill, which included approximately $1.0 billion in loans and $239.3 million in securities. The FFKT acquisition was valued at $428.9 million, based on WesBanco’s closing stock price on August 20, 2018, of $49.40, and resulted in WesBanco issuing 7,920,387 shares of its common stock and $37.6 million in cash in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of FFKT common stock. The assets and liabilities of FFKT were recorded on WesBanco’s Balance Sheet at their preliminary estimated fair values as of August 20, 2018, the acquisition date, and FFKT’s results of operations have been included in WesBanco’s Consolidated Statements of Income since that ~~provides~~date. The fair values for certain assets and liabilities acquired from FFKT on August 20, 2018 represented preliminary estimates. Based on a preliminary purchase price allocation, WesBanco recorded $219.4 million in goodwill and $37.4 million in core deposit intangibles in its community banking segment and $2.6 million in trust customer relationship intangibles in its trust and investment services segment. None of the ~~recognition of~~goodwill is deductible for income tax ~~consequences~~purposes, as the acquisition is accounted for as atax-free exchange for tax purposes. As a result of ~~an intra-entity transfer~~the full integration of ~~an asset other than inventory when~~ the ~~transfer occurs. Current guidance prohibits~~operations of FFKT, it is not practicable to determine revenue or net income included in WesBanco’s operating results relating to FFKT since the ~~recognition~~date of ~~current~~acquisition, as FFKT’s results cannot be separately identified.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, WesBanco recorded merger-related expenses of $3.1 million associated with the FFKT acquisition.

The preliminary purchase price of the FFKT acquisition and ~~deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until~~resulting goodwill is summarized as follows:


*(unaudited, in thousands)*	August 20, 2018
Purchase price:
Fair value of WesBanco shares issued	$	391,267
Cash consideration for outstanding FFKT shares		37,634

Total purchase price	$	428,901
Fair value of:
Tangible assets acquired	$	1,369,186
Core deposit and other intangible assets acquired		39,992
Liabilities assumed		(1,429,834	)
Net cash received in the acquisition		230,139

Fair value of net assets acquired		209,483

Goodwill recognized	$	219,418

The following table presents the ~~asset has been sold~~preliminary allocation of the purchase price of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition, as WesBanco intends to an outside party. This prohibition on recognition is an exception to the principle of comprehensive recognition of current and deferred income taxes in generally accepted accounting principles. The exception has led to diversity in practice and is a source of complexity in financial reporting. FASB decided that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this update eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. The amendments in this update do not include new disclosure requirements; however, existing disclosure requirements might be applicable whenfinalize its accounting for the ~~current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity transfer~~acquisition of ~~an asset other than inventory. For public business entities,~~FFKT within one year from the ~~amendments~~date of acquisition:


*(unaudited, in thousands)*	August 20, 2018
Assets acquired
Cash and due from banks	$	230,139
Securities		239,321
Loans		1,025,800
Goodwill and other intangible assets		259,410
Accrued income and other assets		104,065

Total assets acquired	$	1,858,735

Liabilities assumed
Deposits	$	1,330,328
Borrowings		71,780
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		27,726

Total liabilities assumed	$	1,429,834

Net assets acquired	$	428,901

The following table presents the changes in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, which for WesBanco was effective for the ~~fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The amendments in this update should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as~~allocation of the ~~beginning~~purchase price of the ~~period of adoption. The adoption of this pronouncement did not have a material impact on WesBanco’s Consolidated Financial Statements.~~

~~In August 2016,~~assets acquired and the ~~FASB issued ASU2016-15~~ ~~that provides guidance for the classification of cash flows related to (1) debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, (2) settlement ofzero-coupon~~ debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate on the borrowing, (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, (6) distributions received from equity method investees, (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions and (8) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. Public business entities must apply the new requirements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which for WesBanco was effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this pronouncement did not have a material impact on WesBanco’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU2016-13~~ ~~that will require entities to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model on trade and other receivables,held-to-maturity~~ ~~debt securities, loans and other instruments that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for credit losses. Foravailable-for-sale~~ debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to what they do today, except that the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. Entities will have to disclose

significantly more information, including information they use to track credit quality by year of origination for most financing receivables. Public business entities must apply the new requirements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which for WesBanco will be effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. WesBanco is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this pronouncement on WesBanco’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU2016-02~~ ~~that will require entities to recognize lease assets and lease~~ liabilities on the balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. The principal difference from previous guidance is that the lease assets and lease liabilities arising from operating leases were not previously recognized in the balance sheet. Public business entities must apply the new requirements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU~~2018-01,~~ ~~which allows entities the option to apply the provisions of the new lease guidance~~assumed at the effective date without adjusting the comparative periods presented. While we are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this pronouncement, we expect the primary impact to our consolidated financial position upon adoption will be the recognition, on a discounted basis, of our minimum commitments under~~non-cancellable~~ ~~operating leases on our consolidated Balance Sheets resulting in the recording of right of use assets and lease obligations.~~

~~In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU2016-01~~ that will require entities to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income unless the investments qualify for the new practicability exception. The standard does not change the guidance for classifying and measuring investments in debt securities and loans. Entities will have to record changes in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities measured under the fair value option in other comprehensive income. Public business entities must apply the new requirements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU~~2018-03,~~ ~~which clarifies certain aspects of the guidance issued in ASU2016-01.~~ WesBanco adopted these pronouncements as of January 1, 2018 and recognized a $1.1 million adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption of this pronouncement. In addition, WesBanco reclassified investment securities on the Consolidated Financial Statements into the following – equity securities,~~available-for-sale~~ ~~debt securities andheld-to-maturity~~ ~~debt securities.~~

~~In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU2014-09~~ related to the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. The new revenue pronouncement creates a single source of revenue guidance for all companies in all industries and is more principles-based than current revenue guidance. The pronouncement provides a five-step model for a company to recognize revenue when it transfers control of goods or services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The five steps are, (1) identify the contract with the customer, (2) identify the separate performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the separate performance obligations and (5) recognize revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved a~~one-year~~ ~~deferral of the effective~~ date of the ~~update. The update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU2016-08,~~ ~~which amends the principle versus agent guidance in the revenue standard. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU2016-10,~~ ~~which clarifies when promised goods or services are separately identifiable in the revenue standard. In May 2016, FASB issued ASU2016-12,~~ ~~which provides narrow-scope improvements and practical expedients to the revenue standard. WesBanco adopted these pronouncements~~acquisition previously reported as of ~~January 1, 2018 using~~December 31, 2018:


*(unaudited, in thousands)*	August 20, 2018
Goodwill recognized as of December 31, 2018	$	220,240
Change in fair value of net assets acquired:
Assets
Loans		24
Premises and equipment		188
Other real estate owned		(749	)
Accrued income and other assets		1,409
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(50	)

Fair value of net assets acquired	$	822

Decrease in goodwill recognized		(822	)

Goodwill recognized as of March 31, 2019	$	219,418

The fair value estimates for loans, premises and equipment, deferred taxes and other assets/liabilities have continued to fluctuate as the ~~modified retrospective approach. WesBanco noted no material change~~final valuations and/or appraisals are completed. The Company expects to finalize the ~~timing~~purchase price accounts of ~~revenue recognition and there was no material impact on WesBanco’s Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 8, Revenue Recognition for further discussion on revenue~~FFKT within one year of the ~~scope~~date of ~~ASC 606.~~acquisition.

NOTE 2.3. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

Earnings per common share are calculated as follows:


					For the Three Months Ended
	For the Three Months Ended March 31,				March 31,
*(unaudited, in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)*	2018		2017		2019		2018
Numerator for both basic and diluted earnings per common share:
Net income	$	33,529	$	25,886	$	40,337	$	33,529

Denominator:
Total average basic common shares outstanding		44,050,701		43,947,563		54,598,499		44,050,701
Effect of dilutive stock options and other stock compensation		117,541		73,202		107,838		117,541

Total diluted average common shares outstanding		44,168,242		44,020,765		54,706,337		44,168,242

Earnings per common share – basic	$	0.76	$	0.59
Earnings per common share – diluted	$	0.76	$	0.59
Earnings per common share—basic					$	0.74	$	0.76
Earnings per common share—diluted					$	0.74	$	0.76

As of March 31, 2019, 117,600 options to purchase shares were excluded in the diluted shares computation because the exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares and, therefore, the effect would be antidilutive. All options to purchase shares were included in the diluted shares computation ~~for the three months ended~~as of March 31, 2018.

As of March 31, 2019, contingently issuable shares, totaling 44,688, were estimated to be awarded under the 2018 and 2017 total shareholder return plans as stock performance targets were met and are included in the diluted calculation. Performance based restricted stock compensation totaling 17,081 shares were estimated to be awarded as of March 31, ~~2017.~~

2019 and are included in the diluted calculation. As of March 31, 2018, contingently issuable shares, totaling 39,216, were estimated to be awarded under the 2018, 2017 and 2016 total shareholder return plans as stock performance targets were met and are included in the diluted calculation. ~~As of March 31, 2017, the shares related to the 2017 and 2016 total shareholder return plans were not included in the calculation because the effect would be antidilutive.~~ Performance based restricted stock compensation totaling 9,000 shares were estimated to be awarded as of March 31, 2018 and are included in the diluted calculation. ~~No performance base restricted stock had been granted as of March 31, 2017.~~

NOTE 3.4. SECURITIES

The following table presents the fair value and amortized cost ofavailable-for-sale andheld-to-maturity debt securities:


																			March 31, 2019									December 31, 2018
																					Gross		Gross			Estimated				Gross		Gross			Estimated
	March 31, 2018									December 31, 2017									Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair		Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Cost		Gains		Losses			Value		Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury	$	9,900	$	—	$	(6	)	$	9,894	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	19,699	$	13	$	—		$	19,712	$	19,882	$	3	$	(7	)	$	19,878
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies		98,166		1		(1,709	)		96,458		72,425		24		(606	)		71,843		138,380		1,535		(625	)		139,290		142,852		556		(1,756	)		141,652
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		1,377,904		214		(33,708	)		1,344,410		954,115		214		(19,407	)		934,922		1,590,044		8,646		(15,906	)		1,582,784		1,585,864		2,912		(27,521	)		1,561,255
Commerical mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		144,568		19		(3,661	)		140,926		116,448		4		(1,585	)		114,867
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies																				177,168		1,179		(1,342	)		177,005		171,671		264		(2,963	)		168,972
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		100,531		2,093		(1,193	)		101,431		102,363		2,927		(460	)		104,830		182,603		3,613		(149	)		186,067		184,057		2,039		(982	)		185,114
Corporate debt securities		35,219		170		(131	)		35,258		35,234		228		(59	)		35,403		40,114		279		(162	)		40,231		37,730		87		(559	)		37,258

Totalavailable-for-sale debt securities	$	1,766,288	$	2,497	$	(40,408	)	$	1,728,377	$	1,280,585	$	3,397	$	(22,117	)	$	1,261,865	$	2,148,008	$	15,265	$	(18,184	)	$	2,145,089	$	2,142,056	$	5,861	$	(33,788	)	$	2,114,129

Held-to-maturity debt securities
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies	$	11,263	$	—	$	(373	)	$	10,890	$	11,465	$	—	$	(325	)	$	11,140	$	10,627	$	7	$	(357	)	$	10,277	$	10,823	$	6	$	(329	)	$	10,500
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		162,904		301		(4,987	)		158,218		170,025		544		(2,609	)		167,960		142,931		359		(2,258	)		141,032		148,300		204		(4,170	)		144,334
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		798,536		10,510		(5,838	)		803,208		794,655		17,364		(1,609	)		810,410		749,652		14,435		(637	)		763,450		828,520		8,771		(4,012	)		833,279
Corporate debt securities		33,339		82		(235	)		33,186		33,355		919		—			34,274		33,274		644		(36	)		33,882		33,291		12		(673	)		32,630

Totalheld-to-maturity debt securities	$	1,006,042	$	10,893	$	(11,433	)	$	1,005,502	$	1,009,500	$	18,827	$	(4,543	)	$	1,023,784	$	936,484	$	15,445	$	(3,288	)	$	948,641	$	1,020,934	$	8,993	$	(9,184	)	$	1,020,743

Total debt securities	$	2,772,330	$	13,390	$	(51,841	)	$	2,733,879	$	2,290,085	$	22,224	$	(26,660	)	$	2,285,649	$	3,084,492	$	30,710	$	(21,472	)	$	3,093,730	$	3,162,990	$	14,854	$	(42,972	)	$	3,134,872

At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, there were no holdings of any one issuer, other than U.S. government sponsored entities and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of WesBanco’s shareholders’ equity.

Equity securities, of which ~~some~~$8.5 million consist of investments in various mutual funds held in grantor trusts formed in connection with the Company’s deferred compensation plan, are recorded at fair value and totaled ~~$14.0~~$12.0 million and ~~$13.5~~$11.7 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

The following table presents the fair value ofavailable-for-sale andheld-to-maturity debt securities by contractual maturity at March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. In some instances, the issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations without penalty prior to the contractual maturity date.


													March 31, 2019
	March 31, 2018												One Year		One to		Five to		After		Mortgage-backed
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	One Year or less		One to Five Years		Five to Ten Years		After Ten Years		Mortgage-backed securities		Total		or less		Five Years		Ten Years		Ten Years		securities		Total
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury	$	9,894	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	9,894	$	19,712	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	19,712
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies		9,945		1,961		16,671		6,864		61,017		96,458		496		5,948		18,353		16,042		98,451		139,290
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies⁽¹⁾		—		—		—		—		1,344,410		1,344,410		—		—		—		—		1,582,784		1,582,784
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies⁽¹⁾		—		—		—		—		140,926		140,926		—		—		—		—		177,005		177,005
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		3,686		17,368		40,161		40,216		—		101,431		11,253		47,331		83,027		44,456		—		186,067
Corporate debt securities		3,991		26,299		4,968		—		—		35,258		1,027		32,139		7,065		—		—		40,231

Totalavailable-for-sale debt securities	$	27,516	$	45,628	$	61,800	$	47,080	$	1,546,353	$	1,728,377	$	32,488	$	85,418	$	108,445	$	60,498	$	1,858,240	$	2,145,089

Held-to-maturity debt securities⁽²⁾
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10,890	$	10,890	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10,277	$	10,277
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies⁽¹⁾				—		—		—		158,218		158,218				—		—		—		141,032		141,032
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		6,872		114,768		398,845		282,723		—		803,208		9,048		117,502		352,924		283,976		—		763,450
Corporate debt securities		—		7,504		25,682		—		—		33,186		—		8,680		25,202		—		—		33,882

Totalheld-to-maturity debt securities	$	6,872	$	122,272	$	424,527	$	282,723	$	169,108	$	1,005,502	$	9,048	$	126,182	$	378,126	$	283,976	$	151,309	$	948,641

Total debt securities	$	34,388	$	167,900	$	486,327	$	329,803	$	1,715,461	$	2,733,879	$	41,536	$	211,600	$	486,571	$	344,474	$	2,009,549	$	3,093,730

⁽¹⁾	Mortgage-backed and collateralized mortgage securities, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their prepayment speeds.

⁽²⁾	Theheld-to-maturity debt securities portfolio is carried at an amortized cost of ~~$1.0 billion.~~$936.5 million.

Securities with aggregate fair values of ~~$1.5 billion and $1.4~~$2.0 billion at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017, respectively,~~2018 were pledged as security for public and trust funds, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. ~~There were no sales~~Proceeds from the sale ofavailable-for-sale ~~debt~~ securities were $66.1 million and $0 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. Net unrealized losses onavailable-for-sale ~~debt~~ securities included in accumulated other comprehensive income net of tax, as of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018 were ~~$29.2~~$2.3 million and ~~$13.3~~$21.5 million, respectively.

The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses on sales and calls ofavailable-for-sale andheld-to-maturity debt securities, as well as gains and losses on equity securities from both sales and market adjustments from the adoption of ASU2016-01 effective January 1, 2018 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.


						For the Three Months Ended
	For the Three Months Ended March 31,					March 31,
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	2018			2017		2019			2018
Debt securities:
Gross realized gains	$	7		$	12	$	242		$	7
Gross realized losses		(18	)		—		(191	)		(18	)

Net (losses) gains on debt securities	$	(11	)	$	12
Net gains (losses) on debt securities						$	51		$	(11	)

Equity securities:
Unrealized (losses) gains recognized on securities still held	$	(28	)	$	—
Net realized (losses) gains recognized on securities sold		—			—
Net unrealized gains (losses) recognized on securities still held						$	603		$	(28	)
Net realized gains recognized on securities sold							3			—

Net (losses) gains on equity securities	$	(28	)	$	—
Net gains (losses) on equity securities						$	606		$	(28	)

Net securities (losses) gains	$	(39	)	$	12
Net securities gains (losses)						$	657		$	(39	)

The following tables provide information on unrealized losses on debt securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and twelve months or more as of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017:~~2018:


																						March 31, 2019
																						Less than 12 months							12 months or more							Total
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*																						Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			# of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			# of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			# of Securities
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies																						$	758	$	(4	)		2	$	62,057	$	(978	)		14	$	62,815	$	(982	)		16
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies																							37,601		(198	)		8		896,540		(17,966	)		286		934,141		(18,164	)		294
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies																							8,208		(25	)		4		99,578		(1,317	)		12		107,786		(1,342	)		16
Obligations of states and political subdivisions																							2,514		(7	)		7		130,249		(779	)		224		132,763		(786	)		231
Corporate debt securities																							8,369		(118	)		4		9,886		(80	)		5		18,255		(198	)		9

Total temporarily impaired securities																						$	57,450	$	(352	)		25	$	1,198,310	$	(21,120	)		541	$	1,255,760	$	(21,472	)		566

	March 31, 2018
	Less than 12 months							12 months or more							Total							December 31, 2018
	Fair		Unrealized			# of		Fair		Unrealized			# of		Fair		Unrealized			# of		Less than 12 months							12 months or more							Total
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	Value		Losses			Securities		Value		Losses			Securities		Value		Losses			Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			# of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			# of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			# of Securities
U.S. Treasury	$	9,894	$	(6	)		1	$	—	$	—			—	$	9,894	$	(6	)		1	$	9,972	$	(7	)		1	$	—	$	—			—	$	9,972	$	(7	)		1
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies		59,280		(1,129	)		8		41,203		(953	)		8		100,483		(2,082	)		16		18,926		(148	)		8		76,385		(1,937	)		14		95,311		(2,085	)		22
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		785,806		(13,021	)		128		602,202		(25,674	)		195		1,388,008		(38,695	)		323		285,534		(1,862	)		44		922,698		(29,829	)		291		1,208,232		(31,691	)		335
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		101,309		(2,780	)		12		23,376		(881	)		4		124,685		(3,661	)		16		9,186		(18	)		6		111,068		(2,945	)		14		120,254		(2,963	)		20
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		335,762		(4,776	)		527		72,751		(2,255	)		152		408,513		(7,031	)		679		104,469		(439	)		207		303,681		(4,555	)		513		408,150		(4,994	)		720
Corporate debt securities		35,405		(352	)		12		1,974		(14	)		1		37,379		(366	)		13		38,791		(898	)		18		11,452		(334	)		5		50,243		(1,232	)		23

Total temporarily impaired securities	$	1,327,456	$	(22,064	)		688	$	741,506	$	(29,777	)		360	$	2,068,962	$	(51,841	)		1,048	$	466,878	$	(3,372	)		284	$	1,425,284	$	(39,600	)		837	$	1,892,162	$	(42,972	)		1,121


	December 31, 2017
	Less than 12 months							12 months or more							Total
	Fair		Unrealized			# of		Fair		Unrealized			# of		Fair		Unrealized			# of
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	Value		Losses			Securities		Value		Losses			Securities		Value		Losses			Securities
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies	$	24,776	$	(160	)		4	$	42,248	$	(771	)		8	$	67,024	$	(931	)		12
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		423,794		(5,039	)		87		637,461		(16,977	)		193		1,061,255		(22,016	)		280
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		79,061		(1,089	)		10		27,852		(496	)		6		106,913		(1,585	)		16
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		132,831		(852	)		210		77,554		(1,217	)		160		210,385		(2,069	)		370
Corporate debt securities		4,015		(19	)		1		1,948		(40	)		1		5,963		(59	)		2

Total temporarily impaired securities	$	664,477	$	(7,159	)		312	$	787,063	$	(19,501	)		368	$	1,451,540	$	(26,660	)		680

Unrealized losses on debt securities in the tables represent temporary fluctuations resulting from changes in market rates in relation to fixed yields. Unrealized losses in theavailable-for-sale portfolio are accounted for as an adjustment, net of taxes, to other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.

WesBanco does not believe the securities presented above are impaired due to reasons of credit quality, as substantially all debt securities are rated above investment grade and all are paying principal and interest according to their contractual terms. WesBanco does not intend to sell, nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell, loss position securities prior to recovery of their cost, and therefore, management believes the unrealized losses detailed above are temporary and no impairment loss relating to these securities has been recognized.

Securities that do not have readily determinable fair values and for which WesBanco does not exercise significant influence are carried at cost. Cost method investments consist primarily of FHLB of Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and Indianapolis stock totaling ~~$55.6~~$50.4 million and ~~$45.9~~$50.8 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively, and are included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cost method investments are evaluated for impairment whenever events or circumstances suggest that their carrying value may not be recoverable.

NOTE 4.5. LOANS AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The recorded investment in loans is presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets net of deferred loan fees and costs, and discounts on purchased loans. ~~The net~~Net deferred loan costs were ~~$1.9~~$4.2 million and ~~$1.6~~$3.2 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. The unamortized discount on purchased loans from acquisitions was ~~$20.8 million, including $10.0 million related to YCB, and $21.9~~$44.8 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019, including $21.0 million related to FFKT, and $49.3 million at December 31, ~~2017, respectively.~~2018.


*(unaudited, in thousands)*	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017			March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction	$	440,896	$	392,597		$	505,127	$	528,072
Improved property		2,574,330		2,601,851			3,337,281		3,325,623

Total commercial real estate		3,015,226		2,994,448			3,842,408		3,853,695

Commercial and industrial		1,118,333		1,125,327			1,274,992		1,265,460
Residential real estate		1,345,993		1,353,301			1,628,067		1,611,607
Home equity		523,425		529,196	��		590,462		599,331
Consumer		319,561		339,169			330,152		326,188

Total portfolio loans		6,322,538		6,341,441			7,666,081		7,656,281

Loans held for sale		12,962		20,320			8,358		8,994

Total loans	$	6,335,500	$	6,361,761		$	7,674,439	$	7,665,275

The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for credit losses applicable to each category of the loan portfolio:


	Allowance for Credit Losses By Category
	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017
	Commercial			Commercial
	Real Estate-			Real Estate-
	Land and			Improved			Commercial			Residential			Home						Deposit						Allowance for Credit Losses By Category For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Construction			Property			& Industrial			Real Estate			Equity			Consumer			Overdraft			Total			Commercial Real Estate - Land and Construction			Commercial Real Estate - Improved Property			Commercial & Industrial			Residential Real Estate			Home Equity			Consumer			Deposit Overdraft			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018:
Allowance for loan losses																									$	4,039		$	20,848		$	12,114		$	3,822		$	4,356		$	2,797		$	972		$	48,948
Allowance for loan commitments																										169			33			262			12			226			39			—			741

Total beginning allowance for credit losses																										4,208			20,881			12,376			3,834			4,582			2,836			972			49,689

Provision for credit losses:
Provision for loan losses																										(6	)		(909	)		1,050			122			223			233			575			1,288
Provision for loan commitments																										25			(9	)		1,181			(1	)		22			1			—			1,219

Total provision for credit losses																										19			(918	)		2,231			121			245			234			575			2,507

Charge-offs																										—			(222	)		(635	)		(320	)		(357	)		(661	)		(441	)		(2,636	)
Recoveries																										12			198			378			121			47			411			99			1,266

Net charge-offs																										12			(24	)		(257	)		(199	)		(310	)		(250	)		(342	)		(1,370	)

Balance at March 31, 2019:
Allowance for loan losses																										4,045			19,915			12,907			3,745			4,269			2,780			1,205			48,866
Allowance for loan commitments																										194			24			1,443			11			248			40			—			1,960

Total ending allowance for credit losses																									$	4,239		$	19,939		$	14,350		$	3,756		$	4,517		$	2,820		$	1,205		$	50,826

Balance at December 31, 2017:
Allowance for loan losses	$	3,117		$	21,166		$	9,414		$	3,206		$	4,497		$	3,063		$	821		$	45,284		$	3,117		$	21,166		$	9,414		$	3,206		$	4,497		$	3,063		$	821		$	45,284
Allowance for loan commitments		119			26			173			7			212			37			—			574			119			26			173			7			212			37			—			574

Total beginning allowance for credit losses		3,236			21,192			9,587			3,213			4,709			3,100			821			45,858			3,236			21,192			9,587			3,213			4,709			3,100			821			45,858

Provision for credit losses:
Provision for loan losses		1,090			(895	)		919			202			262			583			(48	)		2,113			1,090			(895	)		919			202			262			583			(48	)		2,113
Provision for loan commitments		57			(5	)		3			—			(4	)		4			—			55			57			(5	)		3			—			(4	)		4			—			55

Total provision for credit losses		1,147			(900	)		922			202			258			587			(48	)		2,168			1,147			(900	)		922			202			258			587			(48	)		2,168

Charge-offs		—			(279	)		(109	)		(287	)		(576	)		(1,125	)		(267	)		(2,643	)		—			(279	)		(109	)		(287	)		(576	)		(1,125	)		(267	)		(2,643	)
Recoveries		117			287			270			131			120			546			109			1,580			117			287			270			131			120			546			109			1,580

Net charge-offs		117			8			161			(156	)		(456	)		(579	)		(158	)		(1,063	)		117			8			161			(156	)		(456	)		(579	)		(158	)		(1,063	)

Balance at March 31, 2018:
Allowance for loan losses		4,324			20,279			10,494			3,252			4,303			3,067			615			46,334			4,324			20,279			10,494			3,252			4,303			3,067			615			46,334
Allowance for loan commitments		176			21			176			7			208			41			—			629			176			21			176			7			208			41			—			629

Total ending allowance for credit losses	$	4,500		$	20,300		$	10,670		$	3,259		$	4,511		$	3,108		$	615		$	46,963		$	4,500		$	20,300		$	10,670		$	3,259		$	4,511		$	3,108		$	615		$	46,963

Balance at December 31, 2016:
Allowance for loan losses	$	4,348		$	18,628		$	8,412		$	4,106		$	3,422		$	3,998		$	760		$	43,674
Allowance for loan commitments		151			17			188			9			162			44			—			571

Total beginning allowance for credit losses		4,499			18,645			8,600			4,115			3,584			4,042			760			44,245

Provision for credit losses:
Provision for loan losses		(425	)		983			832			330			365			583			66			2,734
Provision for loan commitments		(8	)		—			(31	)		1			17			(2	)		—			(23	)

Total provision for credit losses		(433	)		983			801			331			382			581			66			2,711

Charge-offs		—			(602	)		(880	)		(404	)		(108	)		(1,287	)		(338	)		(3,619	)
Recoveries		52			251			376			78			48			369			98			1,272

Net charge-offs		52			(351	)		(504	)		(326	)		(60	)		(918	)		(240	)		(2,347	)

Balance at March 31, 2017:
Allowance for loan losses		3,975			19,260			8,740			4,110			3,727			3,663			586			44,061
Allowance for loan commitments		143			17			157			10			179			42			—			548

Total ending allowance for credit losses	$	4,118		$	19,277		$	8,897		$	4,120		$	3,906		$	3,705		$	586		$	44,609

The following tables present the allowance for credit losses and recorded investments in loans by category:


	Allowance for Credit Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans
	Commercial		Commercial
	Real Estate-		Real Estate-		Commercial		Residential						Deposit
	Land and		Improved		and		Real		Home				Over-				Allowance for Credit Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Construction		Property		Industrial		Estate		Equity		Consumer		draft		Total		Commercial Real Estate- Land and Construction		Commercial Real Estate- Improved Property		Commercial and Industrial		Residential Real Estate		Home Equity		Consumer		Deposit Over- draft		Total
March 31, 2018
March 31, 2019
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	387	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	387	$	—	$	59	$	12	$	13	$	7	$	1	$	—	$	92
Allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment		4,324		19,892		10,494		3,252		4,303		3,067		615		45,947		4,045		19,856		12,895		3,732		4,262		2,779		1,205		48,774
Allowance for loan commitments		176		21		176		7		208		41		—		629		194		24		1,443		11		248		40		—		1,960

Total allowance for credit losses	$	4,500	$	20,300	$	10,670	$	3,259	$	4,511	$	3,108	$	615	$	46,963	$	4,239	$	19,939	$	14,350	$	3,756	$	4,517	$	2,820	$	1,205	$	50,826

Portfolio loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	2,104	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,104	$	—	$	2,133	$	307	$	5,078	$	796	$	103	$	—	$	8,417
Collectively evaluated for impairment		439,480		2,567,367		1,117,607		1,345,290		523,425		319,561		—		6,312,730		504,885		3,327,142		1,273,810		1,621,169		589,666		330,049		—		7,646,721
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality		1,416		4,859		726		703		—		—		—		7,704		242		8,006		875		1,820		—		—		—		10,943

Total portfolio loans	$	440,896	$	2,574,330	$	1,118,333	$	1,345,993	$	523,425	$	319,561	$	—	$	6,322,538	$	505,127	$	3,337,281	$	1,274,992	$	1,628,067	$	590,462	$	330,152	$	—	$	7,666,081

December 31, 2017
December 31, 2018
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	388	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	388	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment		3,117		20,778		9,414		3,206		4,497		3,063		821		44,896		4,039		20,848		12,114		3,822		4,356		2,797		972		48,948
Allowance for loan commitments		119		26		173		7		212		37		—		574		169		33		262		12		226		39		—		741

Total allowance for credit losses	$	3,236	$	21,192	$	9,587	$	3,213	$	4,709	$	3,100	$	821	$	45,858	$	4,208	$	20,881	$	12,376	$	3,834	$	4,582	$	2,836	$	972	$	49,689

Portfolio loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	3,344	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,344	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively evaluated for impairment		391,140		2,593,393		1,124,544		1,352,587		529,196		339,163		—		6,330,023		527,737		3,319,672		1,264,560		1,609,177		599,331		326,063		—		7,646,540
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality		1,457		5,114		783		714		—		6		—		8,074		335		5,951		900		2,430		—		125		—		9,741

Total portfolio loans	$	392,597	$	2,601,851	$	1,125,327	$	1,353,301	$	529,196	$	339,169	$	—	$	6,341,441	$	528,072	$	3,325,623	$	1,265,460	$	1,611,607	$	599,331	$	326,188	$	—	$	7,656,281

⁽¹⁾	Commercial loans greater than $1 million that are reported asnon-accrual or as a TDR are individually evaluated for impairment.

WesBanco maintains an internal loan grading system to reflect the credit quality of commercial loans. Commercial loan risk grades are determined based on an evaluation of the relevant characteristics of each loan, assigned at the inception of each loan and adjusted thereafter at any time to reflect changes in the risk profile throughout the life of each loan. The primary factors used to determine the risk grade are the reliability and sustainability of the primary source of repayment and overall financial strength of the borrower. This includes an analysis of cash flow available to repay debt, profitability, liquidity, leverage, and overall financial trends. Other factors include management, industry or property type risks, an assessment of secondary sources of repayment such as collateral or guarantees, other terms and conditions of the loan that may increase or reduce its risk, and economic conditions and other external factors that may influence repayment capacity and financial condition.

Commercial real estate – land and construction consists of loans to finance investments in vacant land, land development, construction of residential housing, and construction of commercial buildings. Commercial real estate – improved property consists of loans for the purchase or refinance of all types of improved owner-occupied and investment properties. Factors that are considered in assigning the risk grade vary depending on the type of property financed. The risk grade assigned to construction and development loans is based on the overall viability of the project, the experience and financial capacity of the developer or builder to successfully complete the project, project specific and market absorption rates and comparable property values, and the amount ofpre-sales for residential housing construction orpre-leases for commercial investment property. The risk grade assigned to commercial investment property loans is based primarily on the adequacy of net rental income generated by the property to service the debt, the type, quality, industry and mix of tenants, and the terms of leases, but also considers the overall financial capacity of the investors and their experience in owning and managing investment property. The risk grade assigned to owner-occupied commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans is based primarily on historical and projected earnings, the adequacy of operating cash flow to service all of the business’ debt, and the capital resources, liquidity and leverage of the business, but also considers the industry in which the business operates, the business’ specific competitive advantages or disadvantages, the quality and experience of management, and external influences on the business such as economic conditions. The type, age, condition, location and any environmental risks associated with a property are also considered for all types of commercial real estate.

Commercial and industrial (“C&I”) loans consist of revolving lines of credit to finance accounts receivable, inventory and other general business purposes; term loans to finance fixed assets other than real estate, and letters of credit to support trade, insurance or governmental requirements for a variety of businesses. Most C&I borrowers are privately-held companies with annual sales up to ~~$100~~

$100 million. Factors that are considered for ~~commercial and industrial~~C&I loans include the type, quality and marketability ofnon-real estate collateral and whether the structure of the loan increases or reduces its risk. ~~The type, age, condition, location and any environmental risks associated with a property are also considered for all types of commercial real estate.~~ The overall financial condition and repayment capacity of any guarantors is also evaluated to determine the extent to which they mitigate other risks of the loan. The following paragraphs provide descriptions of risk grades that are applicable to commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans.

Pass loans are those that exhibit a history of positive financial results that are at least comparable to the average for their industry or type of real estate. The primary source of repayment is acceptable and these loans are expected to perform satisfactorily during most economic cycles. Pass loans typically have no significant external factors that are expected to adversely affect these borrowers more than others in the same industry or property type. Any minor unfavorable characteristics of these loans are outweighed or mitigated by other positive factors including but not limited to adequate secondary or tertiary sources of repayment.

Criticized or compromised loans are currently protected but have weaknesses, which, if not corrected, may be inadequately protected at some future date. These loans represent an unwarranted credit risk and would generally not be extended in the normal course of lending. Specific issues, which may warrant this grade, include declining financial results, increased reliance on secondary sources of repayment or guarantor support and adverse external influences that may negatively impact the business or property.

Substandard and doubtful loans are equivalent to the classifications used by banking regulators. Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current repayment capacity and equity of the borrower or collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have one or more well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize their repayment or collection in full. These loans may or may not be reported asnon-accrual. Doubtful loans have all the weaknesses inherent to a substandard loan with the added characteristic that full repayment is highly questionable or improbable on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and collateral ~~values.~~values, and are considerednon-accrual. However, recognition of loss may be deferred if there are reasonably specific pending factors that will reduce the risk if they occur.

The following tables summarize commercial loans by their assigned risk grade:

   Commerical Loans by Internally Assigned Risk Grade
(unaudited, in thousands)
   Commercial
Real Estate-
Land and
Construction    Commercial
Real Estate-
Improved
Property    Commercial
& Industrial    Total
Commercial
Loans
As of March 31, 2018

Pass
   $ 434,665    $ 2,526,334    $ 1,104,209    $ 4,065,208
Criticized - compromised
   3,384    24,807    5,594    33,785
Classified - substandard
   2,847    23,189    8,530    34,566
Classified - doubtful
   —      —      —      —








Total
   $ 440,896    $ 2,574,330    $ 1,118,333    $ 4,133,559








As of December 31, 2017

Pass
   $ 386,753    $ 2,548,805    $ 1,110,267    $ 4,045,825
Criticized - compromised
   2,984    25,673    7,435    36,092
Classified - substandard
   2,860    27,373    7,625    37,858
Classified - doubtful
   —      —      —      —








Total
   $ 392,597    $ 2,601,851    $ 1,125,327    $ 4,119,775


	Commercial Loans by Internally Assigned Risk Grade
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Commercial Real Estate- Land and Construction		Commercial Real Estate- Improved Property		Commercial & Industrial		Total Commercial Loans
As of March 31, 2019
Pass	$	497,566	$	3,269,034	$	1,241,697	$	5,008,297
Criticized—compromised		5,599		47,464		16,628		69,691
Classified—substandard		1,962		20,783		16,667		39,412
Classified—doubtful		—		—		—		—

Total	$	505,127	$	3,337,281	$	1,274,992	$	5,117,400

As of December 31, 2018
Pass	$	523,707	$	3,267,304	$	1,245,190	$	5,036,201
Criticized—compromised		2,297		35,566		13,847		51,710
Classified—substandard		2,068		22,753		6,423		31,244
Classified—doubtful		—		—		—		—

Total	$	528,072	$	3,325,623	$	1,265,460	$	5,119,155

Residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans are not assigned internal risk grades other than as required by regulatory guidelines that are based primarily on the age of past due loans. WesBanco primarily evaluates the credit quality of residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans based on repayment performance and historical loss rates. The aggregate amount of residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans classified as substandard in accordance with regulatory guidelines was ~~$19.4~~$20.1 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~$22.8~~$22.9 million at December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, of which ~~$1.0~~$2.0 and ~~$2.5~~$3.9 million were accruing, for each period, respectively. The aggregate amount of residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans classified as substandard are not included in the tables above.

Acquired ~~YCB~~FFKT Loans —– In conjunction with the FFKT acquisition, WesBanco acquired loans with a book value of $1,064.8 million as of August 20, 2018. These loans were recorded at the preliminary fair value of $1,025.8 million, with $988.3 million categorized as ASC310-20 loans. The ~~carrying amount~~fair market value adjustment on these loans of ~~loans~~$26.0 million at the acquisition date is expected to be recognized into interest income on a level yield basis over the remaining expected life of the loans. Loans acquired ~~from YCB~~ with deteriorated credit quality with a book value of $5.3 million were recorded at ~~March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $4.2~~the preliminary fair value of $4.6 million, ~~and $4.3 million, respectively,~~ of which ~~$0.7~~$2.4 million ~~and $0.8 million, respectively,~~ were accounted for under the cost recovery method in accordance with ASC310-30 as cash flows cannot be reasonably estimated, and ~~therefore are~~ categorized asnon-accrual. At March 31, 2018, the accretable yield was $1.3 million. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, an allowance for loan loss of $0.2 million and $0, respectively, has been recognized related to the YCB acquired impaired loans, as the estimates for future cash flows on these loans have been negatively impacted.

~~Acquired ESB Loans~~— The carrying amount of loans acquired ~~from ESB~~ with deteriorated credit quality at March 31, ~~2018 and December 31, 2017~~2019 was ~~$3.5~~$3.2 million, ~~and $3.7 million, respectively, of which $3.5 million for both periods~~while the outstanding customer balance was ~~accounted for under the cost recovery method in accordance with ASC310-30~~ ~~as cash flows cannot be reasonably estimated, and therefore were categorized asnon-accrual.~~ ~~At March 31, 2018, the accretable yield was $2.9~~$3.8 million. At March 31, ~~2018 and December 31, 2017 an~~2019, no allowance for loan ~~loss of $2.0 million~~losses has been recognized related to the ~~ESB~~FFKT-acquired impaired loans. Certain acquired ~~impaired~~underperforming loans aswith an acquired book value of $45.2 million were sold during the ~~estimates~~fourth quarter of 2018 for ~~future cash flows on these~~$32.9 million. The acquisition date fair value of the acquired loans ~~have been negatively impacted.~~was adjusted to the sale price resulting in no recognized gain or loss.

The following table provides changes in accretable yield for loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality:


	For the Three Months Ended						For the Three Months Ended
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,724		$	1,717		$	6,203		$	1,724
Acquisitions		—			—			1,300			—
Reduction due to change in projected cash flows		(86	)		(200	)		(74	)		(86	)
Reclass from non-accretable difference		2,841			174			831			2,841
Transfers out		—			—			—			—
Accretion		(268	)		(151	)		(968	)		(268	)

Balance at end of period	$	4,211		$	1,540		$	7,292		$	4,211

The following tables summarize the age analysis of all categories of loans:


		Age Analysis of Loans															Age Analysis of Loans
*(unaudited, in thousands)*		Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Total Loans		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing⁽¹⁾			Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Total Loans		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing (1)
As of March 31, 2018
As of March 31, 2019
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction		$	439,926	$	—	$	—	$	970	$	970	$	440,896	$	172		$	503,148	$	1,852	$	127	$	—	$	1,979	$	505,127	$	—
Improved property			2,559,491		4,431		528		9,880		14,839		2,574,330		364			3,325,120		5,226		864		6,071		12,161		3,337,281		558

Total commercial real estate			2,999,417		4,431		528		10,850		15,809		3,015,226		536			3,828,268		7,078		991		6,071		14,140		3,842,408		558
Commercial and industrial			1,115,453		667		201		2,012		2,880		1,118,333		21			1,270,957		905		115		3,015		4,035		1,274,992		221
Residential real estate			1,333,175		3,860		1,618		7,340		12,818		1,345,993		561			1,610,652		6,993		2,656		7,766		17,415		1,628,067		1,096
Home equity			517,172		2,654		682		2,917		6,253		523,425		251			583,118		2,970		398		3,976		7,344		590,462		730
Consumer			316,517		1,950		432		662		3,044		319,561		210			327,589		1,579		783		201		2,563		330,152		135

Total portfolio loans			6,281,734		13,562		3,461		23,781		40,804		6,322,538		1,579			7,620,584		19,525		4,943		21,029		45,497		7,666,081		2,740
Loans held for sale			12,962		—		—		—		—		12,962		—			8,358		—		—		—		—		8,358		—

Total loans		$	6,294,696	$	13,562	$	3,461	$	23,781	$	40,804	$	6,335,500	$	1,579		$	7,628,942	$	19,525	$	4,943	$	21,029	$	45,497	$	7,674,439	$	2,740

Impaired loans included above are as follows:	Impaired loans included above are as follows:															Impaired loans included above are as follows:
Non-accrual loans		$	8,120	$	1,310	$	754	$	22,202	$	24,266	$	32,386				$	9,203	$	1,234	$	1,501	$	18,289		21,024	$	30,227
TDRs accruing interest⁽¹⁾			6,435		230		193		—		423		6,858					5,181		196		104		—		300		5,481

Total impaired		$	14,555	$	1,540	$	947	$	22,202	$	24,689	$	39,244				$	14,384	$	1,430	$	1,605	$	18,289	$	21,324	$	35,708

As of December 31, 2017
As of December 31, 2018
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction		$	392,189	$	—	$	172	$	236	$	408	$	392,597	$	—		$	526,660	$	62	$	1,350	$	—	$	1,412	$	528,072	$	—
Improved property			2,589,704		374		1,200		10,573		12,147		2,601,851		243			3,314,765		2,266		2,250		6,342		10,858		3,325,623		175

Total commercial real estate			2,981,893		374		1,372		10,809		12,555		2,994,448		243			3,841,425		2,328		3,600		6,342		12,270		3,853,695		175
Commercial and industrial			1,121,957		572		196		2,602		3,370		1,125,327		20			1,261,536		323		594		3,007		3,924		1,265,460		13
Residential real estate			1,338,240		4,487		2,376		8,198		15,061		1,353,301		1,113			1,593,519		2,717		5,001		10,370		18,088		1,611,607		2,820
Home equity			522,584		2,135		683		3,794		6,612		529,196		742			591,623		2,500		1,273		3,935		7,708		599,331		705
Consumer			334,723		2,466		842		1,138		4,446		339,169		608			322,584		2,084		1,007		513		3,604		326,188		364

Total portfolio loans			6,299,397		10,034		5,469		26,541		42,044		6,341,441		2,726			7,610,687		9,952		11,475		24,167		45,594		7,656,281		4,077
Loans held for sale			20,320		—		—		—		—		20,320		—			8,994		—		—		—		—		8,994		—

Total loans		$	6,319,717	$	10,034	$	5,469	$	26,541	$	42,044	$	6,361,761	$	2,726		$	7,619,681	$	9,952	$	11,475	$	24,167	$	45,594	$	7,665,275	$	4,077

Impaired loans included above are as follows:	Impaired loans included above are as follows:															Impaired loans included above are as follows:

Non-accrual loans		$	9,195	$	1,782	$	2,033	$	23,815	$	27,630	$	36,825				$	8,910	$	337	$	1,370	$	20,083		21,790	$	30,700
TDRs accruing interest⁽¹⁾			6,055		348		168		—		516		6,571					5,586		59		92		7		158		5,744

Total impaired		$	15,250	$	2,130	$	2,201	$	23,815	$	28,146	$	43,396				$	14,496	$	396	$	1,462	$	20,090	$	21,948	$	36,444

⁽¹⁾	Loans 90 days or more past due and accruing interest exclude TDRs 90 days or more past due and accruing interest.

The following tables summarize impaired loans:


	Impaired Loans
	March 31, 2018									December 31, 2017
	Unpaid Principal Balance⁽¹⁾		Recorded Investment			Related Allowance				Unpaid Principal Balance ⁽¹⁾			Recorded Investment			Related Allowance			Impaired Loans
									March 31, 2019											December 31, 2018
*(unaudited, in thousands)*									Unpaid Principal Balance (1)									Recorded Investment			Related Allowance			Unpaid Principal Balance (1)			Recorded Investment			Related Allowance
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction	$	873		$	800		$	—				$	412		$		239		$	—		$	337		$	285		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Improved property		14,554			10,319			—				18,229			12,863			—			11,521			7,261			—			14,038			9,293			—
Commercial and industrial		3,045		2,496			—				3,745			3,086			—			3,987			3,067			—			4,610			3,428			—
Residential real estate		19,601		17,751			—				20,821			18,982			—			13,460			11,793			—			20,270			18,016			—
Home equity		5,771		4,971			—				5,833			5,169			—			5,337			4,523			—			5,924			5,036			—
Consumer		918		803			—				1,084			952			—			499			362			—			846			671			—
																		��
Total impaired loans without a specific allowance		44,762		37,140			—				50,124			41,291			—			35,141			27,291			—			45,688			36,444			—

With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction		—		—			—				—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Improved property		2,104		2,104			387				2,105			2,105			388			2,154			2,133			59			—			—			—
Commercial and industrial		—		—			—				—			—			—			309			307			12			—			—			—
Residential real estate																				5,519			5,078			13			—			—			—
Home equity																				826			796			7			—			—			—
Consumer																				144			103			1			—			—			—

Total impaired loans with a specific allowance		2,104		2,104			387				2,105			2,105			388			8,952			8,417			92			—			—			—

Total impaired loans	$	46,866	$	39,244		$	387			$	52,229		$	43,396		$	388		$	44,093		$	35,708		$	92		$	45,688		$	36,444		$	—

⁽¹⁾	The difference between the unpaid principal balance and the recorded investment generally reflects amounts that have been previouslycharged-off and fair market value adjustments on acquired impaired loans.


	Impaired Loans
	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018					For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized			Average Recorded Investment				Interest Income Recognized				Impaired Loans
					For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019										For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
*(unaudited, in thousands)*					Average Recorded Investment									Interest Income Recognized				Average Recorded Investment				Interest Income Recognized
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction	$	520	$	—				$	588			$	—			$	143			$	—			$	520			$	—
Improved property		11,591		345				9,620				346				8,277				—				11,591				345
Commercial and industrial		2,791		2			3,812				2				3,246				—				2,791				2
Residential real estate		18,367		66			18,448				69				13,774				—				18,367				66
Home equity		5,070		5			4,186				5				4,780				—				5,070				5
Consumer		878		3			761				2				450				—				878				3

Total impaired loans without a specific allowance		39,217		421			37,415				424				30,670				—				39,217				421

With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction		—		—			—				—				—				—				—				—
Improved property		2,105		—			4,927				—				1,067				14				2,105				—
Commercial and industrial		—		—			635				—				154				3				—				—
Residential real estate															2,539				58				—				—
Home equity															398				8				—				—
Consumer															52				1				—				—

Total impaired loans with a specific allowance		2,105		—			5,562				—				4,210				84				2,105				—

Total impaired loans	$	41,322	$	421		$	42,977			$	424			$	34,880			$	84			$	41,322			$	421

The following tables present the recorded investment innon-accrual loans and TDRs:


	Non-accrual Loans (1)				Non-accrual Loans (1)
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction	$	800	$	239	$	285	$	—
Improved property		10,821		13,318		8,639		8,413

Total commercial real estate		11,621		13,557		8,924		8,413

Commercial and industrial		2,373		2,958		3,212		3,260
Residential real estate		13,149		14,661		12,871		13,831
Home equity		4,540		4,762		4,813		4,610
Consumer		703		887		407		586

Total	$	32,386	$	36,825	$	30,227	$	30,700

⁽¹⁾

At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there ~~were 2 borrowers~~was one borrower with ~~loans~~a loan greater than $1.0 million totaling ~~$5.6~~$3.3 million, as compared to ~~three borrowers~~one borrower with ~~loans~~a loan greater than $1.0 million totaling ~~$6.8~~$3.4 million at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Totalnon-accrual loans include loans that are also restructured. Such loans are also set forth in the following table asnon-accrual TDRs.


	TDRs												TDRs
	March 31, 2018						December 31, 2017						March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Accruing		Non-Accrual		Total		Accruing		Non-Accrual		Total		Accruing		Non-Accrual		Total		Accruing		Non-Accrual		Total
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction	$	—	$	2	$	2	$	—	$	3	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Improved property		1,602		490		2,092		1,650		428		2,078		755		1,378		2,133		880		1,529		2,409

Total commercial real estate		1,602		492		2,094		1,650		431		2,081		755		1,378		2,133		880		1,529		2,409

Commercial and industrial		123		94		217		128		97		225		162		145		307		168		169		337
Residential real estate		4,602		1,525		6,127		4,321		1,880		6,201		4,000		1,078		5,078		4,185		921		5,106
Home equity		431		220		651		407		337		744		506		290		796		426		198		624
Consumer		100		66		166		65		120		185		58		45		103		85		38		123

Total	$	6,858	$	2,397	$	9,255	$	6,571	$	2,865	$	9,436	$	5,481	$	2,936	$	8,417	$	5,744	$	2,855	$	8,599

As of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018, there were no TDRs greater than $1.0 million. The concessions granted in the majority of loans reported as accruing andnon-accrual TDRs are extensions of the maturity date or the amortization period, reductions in the interest rate below the prevailing market rate for loans with comparable characteristics, and/or permitting interest-only payments for longer than three months. WesBanco had unfunded commitments to debtors whose loans were classified as impaired of $0.1 million as of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

The following tables present details related to loans identified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively:


	New TDRs (1) For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018						March 31, 2017
			Pre-		Post-				Pre-		Post-
			Modification		Modification				Modification		Modification		New TDRs (1)
			Outstanding		Outstanding				Outstanding		Outstanding		For the Three Months Ended
	Number of		Recorded		Recorded		Number of		Recorded		Recorded		March 31, 2019						March 31, 2018
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	Modifications		Investment		Investment		Modifications		Investment		Investment		Number of Modifications		Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of Modifications		Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction		—	$	—	$	—		—	$	—	$	—		—	$	—	$	—		—	$	—	$	—
Improved Property		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Total commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		2		126		122		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate		5		203		195		1		10		9		4		194		192		5		203		195
Home equity		—		—		—		1		44		43		2		187		185		—		—		—
Consumer		2		4		3		2		84		21		2		19		18		2		4		3

Total		7	$	207	$	198		6	$	264	$	195		8	$	400	$	395		7	$	207	$	198

⁽¹⁾	Excludes loans that were either paid off orcharged-off by period end. Thepre-modification balance represents the balance outstanding at the beginning of the period. The post-modification balance represents the outstanding balance at period end.

The following table summarizes TDRs which defaulted (defined as past due 90 days) during the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively, that were restructured within the last twelve months prior to March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively:


	Defaulted TDRs⁽¹⁾				Defaulted TDRs⁽¹⁾
	For the Three Months Ended				For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2018				March 31, 2017				Defaulted TDRs⁽¹⁾ For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019				Defaulted TDRs⁽¹⁾ For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	Number of Defaults		Recorded Investment		Number of Defaults		Recorded Investment		Number of Defaults		Recorded Investment		Number of Defaults		Recorded Investment
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction		—	$	—		—	$	—		—	$	—		—	$	—
Improved property		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Total commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate		1		122		—		—		1		58		1		122
Home equity		1		7		—		—		—		—		1		7
Consumer		—		—		1		9		—		—		—		—

Total		2	$	129		1	$	9		1	$	58		2	$	129

⁽¹⁾	Excludes loans that were eithercharged-off or cured by period end. The recorded investment is as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, ~~and 2017,~~ respectively.

TDRs that default are placed onnon-accrual status unless they are both well-secured and in the process of collection. The loans in the table above were not accruing interest.

The following table summarizes other real estate owned and repossessed assets included in other assets:


					March 31,		December 31,
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		2019		2018
Other real estate owned	$	3,991	$	5,195	$	5,915	$	7,173
Repossessed assets		76		102		86		92

Total other real estate owned and repossessed assets	$	4,067	$	5,297	$	6,001	$	7,265

Residential real estate included in other real estate owned at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018 was ~~$0.9~~$1.6 million and ~~$1.5~~$1.3 million, respectively. At March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, formal foreclosure proceedings were in process on residential real estate loans totaling ~~$4.3~~$4.4 million and ~~$3.5~~$6.0 million, respectively.

NOTE 6. LEASES

Operating leases are recorded as a right of use (“ROU”) asset and operating lease liability, included in premises and equipment, net and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet beginning January 1, 2019 when WesBanco adopted ASU2016-02 prospectively. Operating lease ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of the remaining lease payments using a discount rate that represents our incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date. Operating lease expense, which is comprised of amortization of the ROU asset and the implicit interest accreted on the operating lease liability, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and is recorded primarily in net occupancy expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Operating leases relate primarily to bank branches, office space and license agreements with remaining lease terms of generally 1 to 21 years, which include options for multiple five- andten- year extensions, with a weighted-average lease term of 9 years. As of March 31, 2019, operating lease ROU assets and liabilities were $19.0 million and $22.0 million, respectively. The lease expense for operating leases was $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The weighted average discount rate was 3.28% as of March 31, 2019.

Future minimum lease payments undernon-cancellable leases with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year at March 31, 2019 are as follows (unaudited, in thousands):


Year	Amount
2020		912
2021		1,875
2022		2,105
2023		2,875
2024 and thereafter		18,032

Total lease payments	$	25,799

Less: Interest		(3,810	)

Present value of lease liabilties	$	21,989

NOTE 5.7. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

WesBanco is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. WesBanco principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. WesBanco manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities. WesBanco’s existing interest rate derivatives result from a service provided to certain qualifying customers and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in WesBanco’s assets or liabilities. WesBanco manages a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. A matched book is when the Bank’s assets and liabilities are equally distributed but also have similar maturities.

Loan Swaps

WesBanco executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting interest rate swaps that WesBanco executes with a third party, such that WesBanco minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements of FASB ASC 815, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting third-party swaps are recognized directly in earnings. As of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, WesBanco had 4346 and ~~39,~~43, respectively, interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of ~~$309.2~~$264.6 million and ~~$298.2~~$229.8 million, respectively, related to this program. During the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, WesBanco recognized net losses of $0.3 million and net gains ~~(net losses)~~ of $0.2 ~~million and $(0.2)~~ million, respectively, related to the changes in fair value of these swaps. Additionally, WesBanco recognized ~~$0.4~~$0.7 million and ~~$1.0~~$0.4 million of income for the related swap fees for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale and Loan Commitments

Certain residential mortgage loans are originated for sale in the secondary mortgage loan market. These loans are classified as held for sale and carried at fair value as WesBanco has elected the fair value option. Fair value is determined based on rates obtained from the secondary market for loans with similar characteristics. WesBanco sells loans to the secondary market on a mandatory or best efforts basis. The loans sold on a mandatory basis are not committed to an investor until the loan is closed with the borrower. WesBanco enters into forward TBA contracts to manage the interest rate risk between the loan commitment and the closing of the loan. The loans sold on a best efforts basis are committed to an investor simultaneous to the interest rate commitment with the borrower.

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet

All derivatives are carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. Derivative assets are classified in the consolidated balance sheet under other assets, and derivative liabilities are classified in the consolidated balance sheet under other liabilities. Changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. None of WesBanco’s derivatives ~~are~~is designated in a qualifying hedging ~~relationships~~relationship under ASC 815.

The table below presents the fair value of WesBanco’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet as of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017:~~2018:


	March 31, 2018						December 31, 2017						March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Notional or Contractual Amount		Asset Derivatives		Liability Derivatives		Notional or Contractual Amount		Asset Derivatives		Liability Derivatives		Notional or Contractual Amount		Asset Derivatives		Liability Derivatives		Notional or Contractual Amount		Asset Derivatives		Liability Derivatives
Derivatives
Loan Swaps:
Interest rate swaps	$	309,242	$	9,257	$	9,083	$	298,223	$	7,351	$	7,345	$	264,628	$	7,009	$	7,752	$	229,778	$	4,650	$	5,081
Other contracts:
Interest rate loan commitments		24,730		147		—		20,319		49		—		30,065		155		—		16,113		125		—
Best efforts forward delivery commitments		3,941		—		11		2,905		—		6
Forward TBA contracts		36,500		—		3		31,750		—		23		34,500		—		260		20,000		—		234

Total derivatives			$	9,404	$	9,097			$	7,400	$	7,374			$	7,164	$	8,012			$	4,775	$	5,315

Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Income Statement

The table below presents the change in the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments reflected within the othernon-interest income line item of the consolidated income statement for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, ~~and 2017,~~ respectively.

      For the Three Months Ended

Location of Gain/(Loss)
   March 31,
(unaudited, in thousands)
      2018    2017
Interest rate swaps
   Other income    $ (167 )    $ 195
Interest rate loan commitments
   Mortgage banking income    98    —
Best efforts forward sales contracts
   Mortgage banking income    (5 )    —
Forward TBA contracts
   Mortgage banking income    410    —




Total
      $ 336    $ 195


		For the Three Months Ended March 31,
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Location of Gain/(Loss)	2019			2018
Interest rate swaps	Other income	$	(312	)	$	167
Interest rate loan commitments	Mortgage banking income		30			136
Forward TBA contracts	Mortgage banking income		(334	)		410

Total		$	(616	)	$	713

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

WesBanco has agreements with its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if WesBanco defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then WesBanco could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.

WesBanco also has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if WesBanco fails to maintain its status as either a well or adequately capitalized institution, then the counterparty could terminate the derivative positions and WesBanco would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements.

WesBanco has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and has posted collateral with a market value of ~~$2.9~~$11.8 million as of March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. If WesBanco had breached any of these provisions at March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at the termination value and would have been required to pay any additional amounts due in excess of amounts previously posted as collateral with the respective counterparty.

NOTE 6.8. PENSION ~~PLAN~~& POSTRETIREMENT MEDICAL BENEFIT PLANS

The following table presents the net periodic pension cost for WesBanco’s Defined Benefit Pension Plan (the “Plan”) and the related components:


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,						For the Three Months Ended March 31,
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	2018			2017			2019			2018
Service cost – benefits earned during year	$	699		$	636		$	554		$	699
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation		1,114			1,084			1,298			1,114
Expected return on plan assets		(2,204	)		(1,886	)		(2,187	)		(2,204	)
Amortization of prior service cost		6			6			7			6
Amortization of net loss		753			794			799			753

Net periodic pension cost	$	368		$	634		$	471		$	368

The Plan covers all employees of WesBanco and its subsidiaries who were hired on or before August 1, 2007 who satisfy minimum age and length of service requirements, and is not available to employees hired after such date.

A minimum required contribution of ~~$5.1~~$4.8 million is due for ~~2018,~~2019, which could be all or partially offset by the Plan’s ~~$56.9~~$52.5 million available credit balance. WesBanco currently expects to make a voluntary contribution of ~~$5.0~~$3.0 million to the Plan in ~~2018.~~June 2019.

WesBanco assumed ~~YCB’s obligation for~~FFKT’s postretirement medical benefit plan, which had a predecessor bank’s participation in the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan for Financial Institutions (“Pentegra Plan”). The participating employer plan has been frozen to new participants since 2002. WesBanco spun off the assets from the Pentegra Plan, contributing approximately $2.8liability totaling $15.0 million ~~to satisfy the estimated final costs to do so. This spin off had no impact on earnings as the liability was included in YCB’s balance sheet as of~~at the acquisition date. The ~~distributed assets from~~plan covers FFKT employees who were hired before January 1, 2016 and meet certain age and length of full-time service requirements. The plan was modified in August 2018, which reduced the ~~Pentegra Plan were transferred~~number of eligible employees. The modification resulted in a $5.5 million unrealized gain, which was recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income net of tax and will be recognized over the life of the plan participants, estimated to abe approximately 17 years. Benefits provided under this plan ~~providing substantially the same benefits~~are unfunded, and payments to the ~~participants.~~plan participants are made by WesBanco. The net periodic ~~pension income~~cost for ~~this~~the postretirement medical benefit plan totaled $58 thousand for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018 was $62~~2019. The net periodic cost consisted of $113 thousand ~~which was comprised of a $0.2 million expected return on plan assets and a $3 thousand recognized net actuarial gain partially offset by a $0.1 million~~in interest cost on projected benefit ~~obligation.~~obligation, which was partially offset by a $55 thousand benefit of prior service cost amortization.

~~No minimum contribution is due for this plan for fiscal year 2018; however, WesBanco expects to make a voluntary contribution of $0.2 million.~~

NOTE 7.9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Fair value estimates are based on quoted market prices, if available, quoted market prices of similar assets or liabilities, or the present value of expected future cash flows and other valuation techniques. These valuations are significantly affected by discount rates, cash flow assumptions, and risk assumptions used. Therefore, fair value estimates may not be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and are not intended to reflect the proceeds that may be realizable in an immediate settlement of the instruments.

Fair value is determined at one point in time and is not representative of future value. These amounts do not reflect the total value of a going concern organization. Management does not have the intention to dispose of a significant portion of its assets and liabilities, and therefore the unrealized gains or losses should not be interpreted as a forecast of future earnings and cash flows.

The following is a discussion of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and valuation techniques applied:

Investment securities: The fair value of investment securities which are measured on a recurring basis are determined primarily by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other similar securities. These securities are classified within level 1 or 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Positions that are not traded in active markets for which valuations are generated using assumptions not observable in the market or management’s best estimate are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. This includes certain specific municipal debt issues for which the credit quality and discount rate must be estimated.

Loans held for sale: Loans held for sale are carried, in aggregate, at fair value as WesBanco has elected the fair value option as of October 1, 2017. The use of a valuation model using quoted prices of similar instruments are significant inputs in arriving at the fair value and therefore loans held for sale are classified within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Derivatives: WesBanco enters into interest rate swap agreements with qualifying commercial customers to meet their financing, interest rate and other risk management needs. These agreements provide the customer the ability to convert from variable to fixed interest rates. The credit risk associated with derivatives executed with customers is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans and is subject to normal credit policies and monitoring. Those interest rate swaps are economically hedged by offsetting interest rate swaps that WesBanco executes with derivative counterparties in order to offset its exposure on the fixed components of the customer interest rate swap agreements. The interest rate swap agreement with the loan customer and with the counterparty is reported at fair value in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet with any resulting gain or loss recorded in current period earnings as other income and other expense.

WesBanco enters into forward TBA contracts to manage the interest rate risk between the loan commitments to the customer and the closing of the loan for loans that will be sold on a mandatory basis to secondary market investors. The forward TBA contract is reported at fair value in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet with any resulting gain or loss recorded in current period’s earnings as mortgage banking income.

WesBanco determines the fair value for derivatives using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects contractual terms of the derivative, including the period to maturity, and uses

observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. WesBanco incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its ownnon-performance risk and the respective counterparty’snon-performance risk in the fair value measurements.

We may be required from time to time to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets and liabilities.

~~Impaired loans:~~ Impaired loans are carried at the lower of cost or the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. The use of independent appraisals, discounted cash flow models and management’s best judgment are significant inputs in arriving at the fair value measure of the underlying collateral and impaired loans are therefore classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Other real estate owned and repossessed assets: Other real estate owned and repossessed assets are carried at the lower of the investment in the assets or the fair value of the assets less estimated selling costs. The use of independent appraisals and management’s best judgment are significant inputs in arriving at the fair value measure of the underlying collateral, and therefore other real estate owned and repossessed assets are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

~~Loans held for sale:~~ Loans held for sale are carried, in aggregate, at fair value as WesBanco has elected the fair value option as of October 1, 2017. The use of a valuation model using quoted prices of similar instruments are significant inputs in arriving at the fair value and therefore loans held for sale are classified within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

~~Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy.~~

The fair value amounts presented in the table below are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the statement of financial position. The following tables set forth WesBanco’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017:~~2018:


				March 31, 2018
				Fair Value Measurements Using:
	March 31, 2018			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets			Significant Other Observable Inputs			Significant Unobservable Inputs			Investments Measured at Net Asset						March 31, 2019 Fair Value Measurements Using:
*(unaudited, in thousands)*			(level 1)			(level 2)			(level 3)			Value			March 31, 2019			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (level 3)
Recurring fair value measurements	March 31, 2018
Equity securities	$	13,986		$	11,568		$	—		$	—		$	2,418		$	11,978		$	11,978		$	—		$	—
Debt securities -available-for-sale
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury		9,894			—			9,894			—			—			19,712			—			19,712			—
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies		96,458			—			96,458			—			—			139,290			—			139,290			—
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government agencies		1,344,410			—			1,344,410			—			—			1,582,784			—			1,582,784			—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		140,926			—			140,926			—			—			177,005			—			177,005			—
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		101,431			—			101,431			—			—			186,067			—			184,484			1,583
Corporate debt securities		35,258			—			35,258			—			—			40,231			—			40,231			—

Total debt securities -available-for-sale	$	1,728,377		$	—		$	1,728,377		$	—		$	—
Totalavailable-for-sale debt securities																$	2,145,089		$	—		$	2,143,506		$	1,583
Loans held for sale		12,962			—			12,962			—			—			8,358			—			8,358			—
Other assets - interest rate derivatives agreements		9,257			—			9,257			—			—
Other assets—interest rate derivatives agreements																	7,009			—			7,009			—

Total assets recurring fair value measurements	$	1,764,582		$	11,568		$	1,750,596		$	—		$	2,418		$	2,172,434		$	11,978		$	2,158,873		$	1,583

Other liabilities - interest rate derivatives agreements	$	9,083		$	—		$	9,083		$	—		$	—
Other liabilities—interest rate derivatives agreements																$	7,752		$	—		$	7,752		$	—

Total liabilities recurring fair value measurements	$	9,083		$	—		$	9,083		$	—		$	—		$	7,752		$	—		$	7,752		$	—

Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Impaired loans	$	1,717		$	—		$	—		$	1,717		$	—
Other real estate owned and repossessed assets		4,067			—			—			4,067			—			6,001			—			—			6,001

Total nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	5,784		$	—		$	—		$	5,784		$	—		$	6,001		$	—		$	—		$	6,001

      December 31, 2017
      Fair Value Measurements Using:
   December 31,
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

Investments
Measured at
Net Asset

(unaudited, in thousands)
   2017    (level 1)    (level 2)    (level 3)    Value
Recurring fair value measurements

Equity securities
   $ 13,457    $ 11,391    $ —      $ —      $ 2,066
Debt securities -available-for-sale

U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies
   71,843    —      71,843    —      —
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government agencies
   934,922    —      934,922    —      —
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies
   114,867    —      114,867    —      —
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
   104,830    —      104,830    —      —
Corporate debt securities
   35,403    —      35,403    —      —










Total debt securities -available-for-sale
   $ 1,261,865    $ —      $ 1,261,865    $ —      $ —
Loans held for sale
   20,320    —      20,320    —      —
Other assets - interest rate derivatives agreements
   7,351    —      7,351    —      —










Total assets recurring fair value measurements
   $ 1,302,993    $ 11,391    $ 1,289,536    $ —      $ 2,066










Other liabilities - interest rate derivatives agreements
   $ 7,345    $ —      $ 7,345    $ —      $ —










Total liabilities recurring fair value measurements
   $ 7,345    $ —      $ 7,345    $ —      $ —










Nonrecurring fair value measurements

Impaired loans
   $ 1,717    $ —      $ —      $ 1,717    $ —
Other real estate owned and repossessed assets
   5,297    —      —      5,297    —










Total nonrecurring fair value measurements
   $ 7,014    $ —      $ —      $ 7,014    $ —


			December 31, 2018 Fair Value Measurements Using:
*(in thousands)*	December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (level 3)
Recurring fair value measurements
Equity securities	$	11,737	$	11,737	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Treasury		19,878		—		19,878		—
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies		141,652		—		141,652		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government agencies		1,561,255		—		1,561,255		—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		168,972		—		168,972		—
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		185,114		—		183,611		1,503
Corporate debt securities		37,258		—		37,258		—

Totalavailable-for-sale debt securities	$	2,114,129	$	—	$	2,112,626	$	1,503
Loans held for sale		8,994		—		8,994		—
Other assets—interest rate derivatives agreements		4,650		—		4,650		—

Total assets recurring fair value measurements	$	2,139,510	$	11,737	$	2,126,270	$	1,503

Other liabilities—interest rate derivatives agreements	$	5,081	$	—	$	5,081	$	—

Total liabilities recurring fair value measurements	$	5,081	$	—	$	5,081	$	—

Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Other real estate owned and repossessed assets		7,265		—		—		7,265

Total nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	7,265	$	—	$	—	$	7,265

WesBanco’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels as of the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no significant transfers between level 1, 2 or 3 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 or for the year ended December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which WesBanco has utilized level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

   Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
   Fair Value    Valuation Unobservable Range (Weighted
(unaudited, in thousands)
   Estimate    Techniques Input
Average)
March 31, 2018

Impaired loans
   $ 1,717    Appraisal of collateral ⁽¹⁾ Appraisal adjustments ⁽²⁾ (4.8%) / (4.8%)
      Liquidation expenses ⁽²⁾ (7.6%) / (7.6%)
Other real estate owned and repossessed assets
   4,067    Appraisal of collateral ^(1), (3)
December 31, 2017:

Impaired loans
   $ 1,717    Appraisal of collateral ⁽¹⁾ Appraisal adjustments ⁽²⁾ (4.8%) / (4.8%)
      Liquidation expenses ⁽²⁾ (7.6%) / (7.6%)
Other real estate owned and repossessed assets
   5,297    Appraisal of collateral ^(1), (3)

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

(unaudited, in thousands)

Fair Value
Estimate

Valuation Techniques

Unobservable
Input

Range (Weighted
Average)

March 31, 2019

Other real estate owned and repossessed assets

6,001

Appraisal of collateral ^(1), (2)

December 31, 2018:

Other real estate owned and repossessed assets

7,265

Appraisal of collateral ^(1), (2)

⁽¹⁾	Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally include various level 3 inputs, which are not identifiable.

⁽²⁾	Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range and weighted average of appraisal adjustments and liquidation expenses are presented as a percent of the appraisal.

⁽³⁾	Includes estimated liquidation expenses and numerous dissimilar qualitative adjustments by management, which are not identifiable.

The estimated fair values of WesBanco’s financial instruments are summarized below:


					Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2018												Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2019
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Carrying Amount		Fair Value Estimate		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (level 3)		Investments Measured at Net Asset Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value Estimate		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (level 3)
Financial Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	100,845	$	100,845	$	100,845	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	336,894	$	336,894	$	336,894	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		13,986		13,986		11,568		—		—		2,418		11,978		11,978		11,978		—		—
Debt securitiesavailable-for-sale		1,728,377		1,728,377		—		1,728,377		—		—
Debt securitiesheld-to-maturity		1,006,042		1,005,502		—		1,004,912		590		—
Available-for-sale debt securities														2,145,089		2,145,089		—		2,143,506		1,583
Held-to-maturity debt securities														936,484		948,641		—		948,077		564
Net loans		6,276,204		6,158,399		—		—		6,158,399		—		7,617,215		7,498,726		—		—		7,498,726
Loans held for sale		12,962		12,962		—		12,962		—		—		8,358		8,358		—		8,358		—
Other assets - interest rate derivatives		9,257		9,257		—		9,257		—		—
Other assets—interest rate derivatives														7,009		7,009		—		7,009		—
Accrued interest receivable		31,963		31,963		31,963		—		—		—		39,662		39,662		39,662		—		—
Financial Liabilities
Deposits		7,226,326		7,230,335		6,018,657		1,211,678		—		—		8,916,331		8,919,921		7,492,056		1,427,865		—
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings		1,166,939		1,161,442		—		1,161,442		—		—		1,031,796		1,028,648		—		1,028,648		—
Other borrowings		207,653		207,627		205,651		1,976		—		—		301,547		301,915		298,322		3,593		—
Subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt		164,379		149,887		—		149,887		—		—		179,632		166,298		—		166,298		—
Other liabilities - interest rate derivatives		9,083		9,083		—		9,083		—		—
Other liabilities—interest rate derivatives														7,752		7,752		—		7,752		—
Accrued interest payable		4,033		4,033		4,033		—		—		—		6,030		6,030		6,030		—		—


					Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017												Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Carrying Amount		Fair Value Estimate		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (level 3)		Investments Measured at Net Asset Value
*(in thousands)*													Carrying Amount		Fair Value Estimate		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (level 3)
Financial Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	117,572	$	117,572	$	117,572	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	169,186	$	169,186	$	169,186	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		13,457		13,457		11,391		—		—		2,066		11,737		11,737		11,737		—		—
Debt securitiesavailable-for-sale		1,261,865		1,261,865		—		1,261,865		—		—
Debt securitiesheld-to-maturity		1,009,500		1,023,784		—		1,023,191		593		—
Available-for-sale debt securities														2,114,129		2,114,129		—		2,112,626		1,503
Held-to-maturity debt securities														1,020,934		1,020,743		—		1,020,195		548
Net loans		6,296,157		6,212,823		—		—		6,212,823		—		7,607,333		7,422,825		—		—		7,422,825
Loans held for sale		20,320		20,320		—		20,320		—		—		8,994		8,994		—		8,994		—
Other assets - interest rate derivatives		7,351		7,351		—		7,351		—		—
Other assets—interest rate derivatives														4,650		4,650		—		4,650		—
Accrued interest receivable		29,728		29,728		29,728		—		—		—		38,853		38,853		38,853		—		—
Financial Liabilities
Deposits		7,043,588		7,053,536		5,766,531		1,287,005		—		—		8,831,633		8,836,390		7,376,023		1,460,367		—
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings		948,203		944,706		—		944,706		—		—		1,054,174		1,051,401		—		1,051,401		—
Other borrowings		184,805		184,814		182,785		2,029		—		—		290,522		290,854		288,918		1,936		—
Subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt		164,327		146,484		—		146,484		—		—		189,842		174,448		—		174,448		—
Other liabilities - interest rate derivatives		7,345		7,345		—		7,345		—		—
Other liabilities—interest rate derivatives														5,081		5,081		—		5,081		—
Accrued interest payable		3,178		3,178		3,178		—		—		—		4,627		4,627		4,627		—		—

The following methods and assumptions were used to measure the fair value of financial instruments recorded at cost on WesBanco’s consolidated balance sheets:

Cash and due from banks:The carrying amount for cash and due from banks is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

~~Debt securitiesheld-to-maturity:~~Held-to-maturity debt securities:Fair values for debt securitiesheld-to-maturity are determined in the same manner as ~~the~~ investment securities, which are described above.

Net loans: Fair values for loans are estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology. The discount rates take into account interest rates currently being offered to customers for loans with similar terms, the credit risk associated with the loan and other market factors, including liquidity.

WesBanco believes the discount rates are consistent with transactions occurring in the marketplace for both performing and distressed loan types. The carrying value is net of the allowance for loan losses and other associated premiums and discounts. Due to the significant judgment involved in evaluating credit quality, loans are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Accrued interest receivable:The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable approximates its fair value.

Deposits:The carrying amount is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value for demand, savings and other variable rate deposit accounts. The fair value of fixed maturity certificates of deposit is estimated by a discounted cash flow method using rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings:The fair value of FHLB borrowings is based on rates currently available to WesBanco for borrowings with similar terms and remaining maturities.

Other borrowings:The carrying amount of federal funds purchased and overnight sweep accounts generally approximate fair value. Other repurchase agreements are based on quoted market prices if available. If market prices are not available, for certain fixed and adjustable rate repurchase agreements, then quoted market prices of similar instruments are used.

Subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt:The fair value of subordinated debt is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. Due to the pooled nature of junior subordinated debt owed to unconsolidated subsidiary trusts, which are not actively traded, estimated fair value is based on recent similar transactions of single-issuer trust preferred securities.

Accrued interest payable:The carrying amount of accrued interest payable approximates its fair value.

Off-balance sheet financial instruments:Off-balance sheet financial instruments consist of commitments to extend credit, including letters of credit. Fair values for commitments to extend credit are estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present credit standing of the counterparties. The estimated fair value of the commitments to extend credit and letters of credit are insignificant and therefore are not presented in the above tables.

NOTE 10. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The activity in shareholders equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

WESBANCO, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY


For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
	Common Stock														Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income			Deferred Benefits for Directors			Total
*(unaudited, in thousands, except* *shares and per share amounts)*	Shares Outstanding			Amount		Capital Surplus			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income			Deferred Benefits for Directors			Total
December 31, 2018		54,598,134		$	113,758	$	1,166,701		$	737,581		$	(274	)	$	(37,871	)	$	(1,068	)	$	1,978,827
Net income		—			—		—			40,337			—			—			—			40,337
Other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			—			19,773			—			19,773

Comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			60,110
Common dividends declared ($0.31 per share)		—			—		—			(16,916	)		—			—			—			(16,916	)
Treasury shares acquired		(7	)		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Stock options exercised		1,000			—		(25	)		—			45			—			—			20
Stock compensation expense		—			—		1,075			—			—			—			—			1,075
Deferred benefits for directors- net		—			—		10			—			—			—			13			23

March 31, 2019		54,599,127		$	113,758	$	1,167,761		$	761,002		$	(229	)	$	(18,098	)	$	(1,055	)	$	2,023,139


December 31, 2017		44,043,244		$	91,756	$	684,730		$	651,357		$	—		$	(31,495	)	$	(1,027	)	$	1,395,321

Net income		—			—		—			33,529			—			—			—			33,529
Other comprehensive loss		—			—		—			—			—			(14,518	)		—			(14,518	)

Comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			19,011
Common dividends declared ($0.29 per share)		—			—		—			(12,775	)		—			—			—			(12,775	)
Adoption of accounting standard ASU2016-01		—			—		—			1,063			—			(1,063	)		—			—
Stock options exercised		17,713			37		523			—			—			—			—			560
Stock compensation expense		—			—		909			—			—			—			—			909
Deferred benefits for directors- net		—			—		7			—			—			—			(7	)		—

March 31, 2018		44,060,957		$	91,793	$	686,169		$	673,174		$	—		$	(47,076	)	$	(1,034	)	$	1,403,026

NOTE 8.11. REVENUE RECOGNITION

WesBanco adopted ASU2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective approach and there was no material impact on WesBanco’s Consolidated Financial statements. Interest income, net securities gains (losses) ~~gains~~ and bank-owned life insurance are not in scope of ASC 606,Revenue from Contracts with Customers. For the revenue streams in scope of ASC ~~606 -~~ 606—trust fees, service charges on deposits, ~~electronic banking fees,~~ net securities brokerage revenue, payment processing fees, electronic banking fees, mortgage banking income and net gain or loss on sale of other real estate owned – there are no significant judgements related to the amount and timing of revenue recognition.

Trust fees: Fees are earned over a period of time between monthly and annually, per the related fee schedule. The fees are earned ratably over the period for investment, safekeeping and other services ~~performance~~performed by WesBanco. The fees are accrued when earned based on the daily asset value on the last day of the quarter. In most cases, the fees are directly debited from the customer account.

Service charges on deposits: There are monthly service charges for both commercial and personal banking customers, which are earned over the month per the related fee schedule based on the customers’ deposits. There are also transaction-based fees, which are earned based on specific transactions or customer activity within the customers’ deposit accounts. These are earned at the time the transaction or customer activity occurs. The fees are debited from the customer account.

~~Electronic banking fees:~~ ~~Interchange and ATM fees are earned based on customer and ATM transactions. Revenue is recognized when the transaction is settled.~~

Net securities brokerage revenue: Commission income is earned based on customer transactions and management of investments. The commission income from customers’ transactions is recognized when the transaction is complete. The commission income from the management of investments is earned continuously over a quarterly period.

Payment processing fees:Payment processing fees are fees earned from the bill payment and electronic funds transfer (“EFT”) services provided under the name FirstNet. The fees are derived from both the individual consumer banking transactions and from businesses or service providers through monthly billing for total transactions occurring. These fees are earned at the time the transaction or customer activity occurs. The fees are debited from the customers’ deposit accounts or charged directly to the business or service provider.

Electronic banking fees: Interchange and ATM fees are earned based on customer and ATM transactions. Revenue is recognized when the transaction is settled.

Mortgage banking income: Income is earned when WesBanco-originated loans are sold to an investor on the secondary market. The investor bids on the loans. If the price is accepted, WesBanco delivers the loan documents to the investor. Once received and approved by the investor, revenue is recognized and the loans are derecognized from the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Prior to the loans being sold, they are classified as loans held for sale. Additionally, the changes in the fair value of the loans held for sale, loan commitments and related derivatives are included in mortgage banking income.

Net gain or loss on sale of other real estate owned: Net gain or loss is recorded when other real estate is sold to a third party and the Bank collects substantially all of the consideration to which WesBanco is entitled in exchange for the transfer of the property.

The following table summarizes the point of revenue recognition and the income recognized for each of the revenue streams for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018:~~2019 and 2018, respectively:


	Point of Revenue Recognition		For the Three Months Ended March 31,
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Point of Revenue Recognition		2019		2018
Revenue Streams
Trust fees
Trust account fees		Over time	$	5,056	$	4,292
WesMark fees		Over time		2,059		2,211

Total trust fees				7,115		6,503
Service charges on deposits
Commercial banking fees		Over time		468		407
Personal service charges		At a point in time & over time		6,081		4,415

Total service charges on deposits				6,549		4,822
Net securities brokerage revenue
Annuity commissions		At a point in time		1,362		1,200
Equity and debt security trades		At a point in time		102		102
Managed money		Over time		157		141
Trail commissions		Over time		239		227

Total net securities brokerage revenue				1,860		1,670
Payment processing fees (1)		At a point in time & over time		648		—
Electronic banking fees		At a point in time		5,892		4,829
Mortgage banking income		At a point in time		1,056		1,004
Gain/loss on sale of OREO/other assets		At a point in time		136		262


*~~(unaudited, in thousands)~~*	~~Point of Revenue~~ ~~Recognition~~			~~For the Three~~ ~~Months Ended~~ ~~March 31, 2018~~
~~Revenue Streams~~
~~Trust Fees~~
~~Trust account fees~~		~~Over time~~		$	~~4,292~~
~~WesMark fees~~		~~Over time~~			~~2,211~~
			(1)
~~Total trust~~Payment processing fees					~~6,503~~
~~Service charges on deposits~~
~~Commercial banking fees~~		~~Over time~~			~~407~~
~~Personal service charges~~		~~At a point~~ are included in ~~time & Over time~~			~~4,415~~
				othernon-interest income.
~~Total service charges on deposits~~					~~4,822~~
~~Net securities brokerage revenue~~
~~Annuity commissions~~		~~At a point in time~~			~~1,200~~
~~Equity and debt security trades~~		~~At a point in time~~			~~102~~
~~Managed money~~		~~Over time~~			~~141~~
~~Trail commissions~~		~~Over time~~			~~227~~

~~Total net securities brokerage revenue~~					~~1,670~~
~~Electronic banking fees~~		~~At a point in time~~			~~4,829~~
~~Mortgage banking income~~		~~At a point in time~~			~~1,004~~
~~Gain/loss on sale of OREO/other assets~~		~~At a point in time~~			~~262~~

NOTE 9.12. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)

The activity in accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018 is as follows:


	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)⁽¹⁾												Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)⁽¹⁾
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Defined Benefit Pension Plan			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Debt Securities Available-for-Sale			Unrealized Gains on Debt Securities Transferred from Available-for-Sale to Held-to-Maturity			Total			Defined Benefit Plans			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Debt Securities Available-for-Sale			Unrealized Gains on Debt Securities Transferred from Available-for-Sale to Held-to-Maturity			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018													$	(16,542	)	$	(21,522	)	$	193		$	(37,871	)

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications														—			19,302			—			19,302
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income														543			(33	)		(39	)		471

Period change														543			19,269			(39	)		19,773

Balance at March 31, 2019													$	(15,999	)	$	(2,253	)	$	154		$	(18,098	)

Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(18,626	)	$	(13,250	)	$	381		$	(31,495	)	$	(18,626	)	$	(13,250	)	$	381		$	(31,495	)

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		—			(14,905	)		—			(14,905	)		—			(14,905	)		—			(14,905	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income		437			—			(50	)		387			437			—			(50	)		387

Period change		437			(14,905	)		(50	)		(14,518	)		437			(14,905	)		(50	)		(14,518	)
Adoption of Accounting Standard ASU2016-01 (2)		—			(1,063	)		—			(1,063	)
Adoption of Accounting Standard ASU2016-01														—			(1,063	)		—			(1,063	)

Balance at March 31, 2018	$	(18,189	)	$	(29,218	)	$	331		$	(47,076	)	$	(18,189	)	$	(29,218	)	$	331		$	(47,076	)


Balance at December 31, 2016	$	(17,758	)	$	(9,890	)	$	522		$	(27,126	)

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		—			1,680			—			1,680
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income		655			—			(50	)		605

Period change		655			1,680			(50	)		2,285

Balance at March 31, 2017	$	(17,103	)	$	(8,210	)	$	472		$	(24,841	)

⁽¹⁾	All amounts are net of tax. Related income tax expense or benefit is calculated using a combined Federal and State income tax rate approximating 23% ~~in 2018 and 37% in all prior periods.~~

⁽²⁾	~~See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information about WesBanco’s adoption of ASU2016-01.~~.

The following table provides details about amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017:~~2018:


Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Components	Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) For the Three Months Ended March 31,						Affected Line Item in the Statement of Net Income	Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) For the Three Months Ended March 31,						Affected Line Item in the Statement of Net Income
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	2018			2017				2019			2018
Debt securitiesavailable-for-sale⁽¹⁾:
Net securities gains reclassified into earnings	$	—		$	—		Net securities gains(Non-interest income)	$	(43	)	$	—		Net securities gains(Non-interest income)
Related income tax expense		—			—		Provision for income taxes		10			—		Provision for income taxes

Net effect on accumulated other comprehensive income for the period		—			—				(33	)		—

Debt securitiesheld-to-maturity⁽¹⁾:
Amortization of unrealized gain transferred fromavailable-for-sale		(66	)		(72	)	Interest and dividends on securities (Interest and dividend income)		(55	)		(66	)	Interest and dividends on securities (Interest and dividend income)
Related income tax expense		16			22		Provision for income taxes		16			16		Provision for income taxes

Net effect on accumulated other comprehensive income for the period		(50	)		(50	)			(39	)		(50	)

Defined benefit pension plan⁽²⁾:
Defined benefit plans⁽²⁾:
Amortization of net loss and prior service costs		756			801		Employee benefits(Non-interest expense)		750			756		Employee benefits(Non-interest expense)
Related income tax benefit		(319	)		(146	)	Provision for income taxes		(207	)		(319	)	Provision for income taxes

Net effect on accumulated other comprehensive income for the period		437			655				543			437

Total reclassifications for the period	$	387		$	605			$	471		$	387

⁽¹⁾	For additional detail related to unrealized gains on securities and related amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, see Note 3,4, “Securities.”

⁽²⁾	Included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 6,8, “Pension ~~Plan”~~& Postretirement Medical Benefit Plans” for additional detail.

NOTE ~~10.~~13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Commitments —In the normal course of business, WesBanco offersoff-balance sheet credit arrangements to enable its customers to meet their financing objectives. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the financial statements. WesBanco’s exposure to credit losses in the event ofnon-performance by the other parties to the financial instruments for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is limited to the contractual amount of those instruments. WesBanco uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as for all other lending. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The allowance for credit losses associated with commitments was ~~($0.6)~~$2.0 million and $0.7 million as of ~~both~~ March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively, and is included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by banks to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including normal business activities, bond financing and similar transactions. Letters of credit are considered guarantees. The liability associated with letters of credit was $0.2 million as of ~~both~~ March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

Contingent obligations ~~and~~to purchase loans funded by other ~~guarantees~~entities include affordable housing plan guarantees, credit card guarantees, ~~and~~loans sold with recourse as well as obligations ~~under~~to the ~~FHLB’s loan purchasing program.~~FHLB. Affordable housing plan guarantees are performance guarantees for various building project loans. The guarantee amortizes as the loan balances decrease. Credit card guarantees are credit card balances not owned by WesBanco, whereby the Bank guarantees the performance of the cardholder. ~~The mortgages sold to FHLB obligate WesBanco to reimburse the FHLB for a portion of the loan balances that default.~~

The following table presents total commitments to extend credit, guarantees and various letters of credit outstanding:


	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	2018		2017		2019		2018
Lines of credit	$	1,464,970	$	1,452,697	$	1,919,110	$	1,894,030
Loans approved but not closed		358,367		245,644		333,186		258,778
Overdraft limits		124,752		126,671		153,469		153,572
Letters of credit		31,947		31,951		43,587		42,841
Contingent obligations and other guarantees		6,796		6,700		50,159		61,509

Contingent Liabilities —WesBanco is a party to various legal and administrative proceedings and claims. While any litigation contains an element of uncertainty, management does not believe that a material loss related to such proceedings or claims pending or known to be threatened is reasonably possible.

NOTE ~~11.~~14. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

WesBanco operates two reportable segments: community banking and trust and investment services. WesBanco’s community banking segment offers services traditionally offered by full-service commercial banks, including commercial demand, individual demand and time deposit accounts, as well as commercial, mortgage and individual installment loans, and certainnon-traditional offerings, such as insurance and securities brokerage services. The trust and investment services segment offers trust services as well as various alternative investment products including mutual funds. The market value of assets managed or held in custody by the trust and investment services segment was approximately ~~$4.0~~$4.5 billion and ~~$3.8~~$4.0 billion at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. These assets are held by WesBanco in fiduciary or agency capacities for their customers and therefore are not included as assets on WesBanco’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Condensed financial information by business segment is presented below:


			Trust and
	Community		Investment
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Banking		Services		Consolidated		Community Banking		Trust and Investment Services		Consolidated
For the Three Months ended March 31, 2019:
Interest and dividend income							$	119,053	$	—	$	119,053
Interest expense								20,692		—		20,692

Net interest income								98,361		—		98,361
Provision for credit losses								2,507		—		2,507

Net interest income after provision for credit losses								95,854		—		95,854
Non-interest income								20,658		7,115		27,773
Non-interest expense								70,275		4,157		74,432

Income before provision for income taxes								46,237		2,958		49,195
Provision for income taxes								8,237		621		8,858

Net income							$	38,000	$	2,337	$	40,337

For the Three Months ended March 31, 2018:
Interest and dividend income	$	86,417	$	—	$	86,417	$	86,417	$	—	$	86,417
Interest expense		13,125		—		13,125		13,125		—		13,125

Net interest income		73,292		—		73,292		73,292		—		73,292
Provision for credit losses		2,168		—		2,168		2,168		—		2,168

Net interest income after provision for credit losses		71,124		—		71,124		71,124		—		71,124
Non-interest income		17,477		6,503		23,980		17,477		6,503		23,980
Non-interest expense		50,894		3,677		54,571		50,894		3,677		54,571

Income before provision for income taxes		37,707		2,826		40,533		37,707		2,826		40,533
Provision for income taxes		6,411		593		7,004		6,411		593		7,004

Net income	$	31,296	$	2,233	$	33,529	$	31,296	$	2,233	$	33,529

For the Three Months ended March 31, 2017:
Interest and dividend income	$	79,924	$	—	$	79,924
Interest expense		9,205		—		9,205

Net interest income		70,719		—		70,719
Provision for credit losses		2,711		—		2,711

Net interest income after provision for credit losses		68,008		—		68,008
Non-interest income		16,741		6,143		22,884
Non-interest expense		50,992		3,392		54,384

Income before provision for income taxes		33,757		2,751		36,508
Provision for income taxes		9,522		1,100		10,622

Net income	$	24,235	$	1,651	$	25,886

Totalnon-fiduciary assets of the trust and investment services segment were ~~$1.8~~$4.1 million (including $2.4 million of trust customer intangibles) and ~~$3.8~~$1.8 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. All other assets, including goodwill and the remainder of other intangible assets, were allocated to the ~~community banking~~Community Banking segment.

~~NOTE 12. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS~~

On April 5, 2018, WesBanco completed its acquisition of First Sentry Bancshares, Inc. (“FTSB”), a bank holding company headquartered in Huntington, West Virginia. As of March 31, 2018, FTSB had approximately $705.1 million in assets excluding goodwill, $577.4 million in total deposits, $459.5 million in total loans and 5 branches in West Virginia. The acquisition was valued at approximately $107.5 million and resulted in WesBanco issuing approximately 2.5 million shares of its common stock and $1.0 million in cash in exchange for FTSB common stock. The assets and liabilities of FTSB will be recorded on WesBanco’s balance sheet at their preliminary estimated fair values as of April 5, 2018, the acquisition date, and FTSB’s results of operations will be included in WesBanco’s Consolidated Statements of Income from that date. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, WesBanco recorded merger-related expenses of $0.2 million associated with the FTSB acquisition. WesBanco accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The initial accounting and determination of the fair values of the assets and liabilities resulting from the acquisition was incomplete at the time of this filing due to the timing of the closing of the acquisition in relation to WesBanco’s required Form~~10-Q~~ ~~filing deadline. A more complete disclosure of the business combination is expected to be reported in WesBanco’s Form10-Q~~ ~~as of June 30, 2018.~~

On April 19, 2018, WesBanco and Farmers Capital Bank Corporation (“Farmers”), a bank holding company headquartered in Frankfort, Kentucky with approximately $1.7 billion in assets, $1.4 billion in deposits, $1.0 billion in loans and 34 branches, jointly announced that a definitive Agreement and Plan of Merger was executed providing for the merger of Farmers with and into WesBanco. On the date of the announcement, the transaction was valued at approximately $378.2 million. Under the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, which has been approved by that board of directors of both companies, WesBanco will exchange a combination of its common stock and cash for Farmers common stock. Farmers shareholders will be entitled to receive 1.053 shares of WesBanco common stock and cash in the amount of $5.00 per share for each share of Farmers’common stock for a total value of approximately $50.31 per share at the date of announcement. The receipt by Farmers’ shareholders of shares of WesBanco common stock in exchange for their shares of Farmers common stock is anticipated to qualify as a~~tax-free~~ exchange. The acquisition is subject to the approvals of the appropriate banking regulatory authorities and the shareholders of Farmers. It is expected that the transaction will be completed in the third or fourth quarter of 2018.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) represents an overview of the results of operations and financial condition of WesBanco for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Forward-looking statements in this report relating to WesBanco’s plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions and adequacy of resources, are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The information contained in this report should be read in conjunction with WesBanco’s Form10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and documents subsequently filed by WesBanco with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which are available at the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov or at WesBanco’s website, www.wesbanco.com. Investors are cautioned that forward-looking statements, which are not historical fact, involve risks and uncertainties, including those detailed ~~in WesBanco’s most recent Annual Report on Form10-K~~ ~~filed with the SEC~~ under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item ~~1A.~~1A of this Annual Report on Form10-K. Such statements are subject to important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by such statements, including, without limitation, that the businesses of WesBanco, FTSB and Farmers may not integrated successfully or such integration may take longer to accomplish than expected; the expected cost savings and any revenue synergies from the merger of WesBanco, FTSB and Farmers may not be fully realized within the expected timeframes; disruption from the merger of WesBanco, FTSB and Farmers may make it more difficult to maintain relationships with clients, associates, or suppliers; the effects of changing regional and national economic conditions; changes in interest rates, spreads on earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and associated interest rate sensitivity; sources of liquidity available to WesBanco and its related subsidiary operations; potential future credit losses and the credit risk of commercial, real estate, and consumer loan customers and their borrowing activities; actions of the Federal Reserve, ~~Board,~~ the FDIC, the SEC, FINRA, the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, the Securities Investors Protection Corporation, and other regulatory bodies; potential legislative and federal and state regulatory actions and reform, including, without limitation, the impact of the implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act; adverse decisions of federal and state courts; fraud, scams and schemes of third parties; ~~internet hacking;~~cyber security breaches; competitive conditions in the financial services industry; rapidly changing technology affecting financial services; marketability of debt instruments and corresponding impact on fair value adjustments; and/or other external developments materially impacting WesBanco’s operational and financial performance. WesBanco does not assume any duty to update forward-looking statements.

OVERVIEW

WesBanco is a multi-state bank holding company operating through ~~177~~203 branches and ~~168~~196 ATM machines in West Virginia, Ohio, western Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and southern Indiana, offering retail banking, corporate banking, personal and corporate trust services, brokerage services, mortgage banking and insurance. WesBanco’s businesses are significantly impacted by economic factors such as market interest rates, federal monetary and regulatory policies, local and regional economic conditions and the competitive environment’s effect upon WesBanco’s business volumes. WesBanco’s deposit levels are affected by numerous factors including personal savings rates, personal income, and competitive rates on alternative investments, as well as competition from other financial institutions within the markets we serve and liquidity needs of WesBanco. Loan levels are also subject to various factors including construction demand, business financing needs, consumer spending and interest rates, as well as loan terms offered by competing lenders.

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

WesBanco’s critical accounting policies involving the significant judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 have remained unchanged from the disclosures presented in WesBanco’s Annual Report on Form10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 within the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

EARNINGS SUMMARY

Net income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~$33.5~~$40.3 million, with diluted earnings per share of ~~$0.76,~~$0.74, compared to ~~$25.9~~$33.5 million and ~~$0.59~~$0.76 per diluted share, respectively, for the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018. Excludingafter-tax merger-related expenses(non-GAAP measure) in both periods, net income and diluted earnings per share would have increased ~~28.7%~~26.9% to ~~$33.7~~$42.8 million, or ~~$0.76~~$0.78 per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, as compared to the prior year quarter.


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,											*For the Three Months Ended March 31,*
	2018					2017						*2019*						*2018*
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands,* *except per share amounts)*	Net Income			Diluted Earnings Per Share		Net Income			Diluted Earnings Per Share			*Net Income*			Diluted Earnings Per Share			*Net Income*			Diluted Earnings Per Share
Net income(Non-GAAP)⁽¹⁾	$	33,722		$	0.76	$	26,205		$	0.60		$	42,791		$	0.78		$	33,722		$	0.76
Less: After tax merger-related expenses		(193	)		—		(319	)		(0.01	)		(2,454	)		(0.04	)		(193	)		—

Net income (GAAP)	$	33,529		$	0.76	$	25,886		$	0.59		$	40,337		$	0.74		$	33,529		$	0.76

⁽¹⁾	Non-GAAP net income excludesafter-tax merger-related expenses. The abovenon-GAAP financial measures used by WesBanco provide information useful to investors in understanding WesBanco’s operating performance and trends, and facilitate comparisons with the performance of WesBanco’s peers.

Net interest income increased ~~$2.6~~$25.1 million or ~~3.6%~~34.2% in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 compared to the same quarter of ~~2017~~2018 due to a ~~2.7%~~23.0% increase in average earning assets. In addition, the yield on earning assets has increased a total of 1347 basis points since the first quarter of ~~2017. However,~~2018 while there was somewhat of an offset by a 26 basis points increase in the cost of interest bearing liabilities, producing an increase in the net spread on earning assets of 21 basis points year-over-year. The net interest margin ~~decreased~~increased by 430 basis points to 3.68% in the first quarter of 2019 compared to 3.38% in the first quarter of ~~2018 compared to 3.42% in the first quarter of 2017 due primarily due to a 6 basis point reduction in thetax-equivalency~~ ~~of the income from state and local municipaltax-exempt~~ ~~securities portfolio resulting from the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” signed into law in December 2017.~~2018. The net interest margin ~~has somewhat~~ benefited from increases in the Federal Reserve Board’s target federal funds rate over the past year ~~partially offset by higher funding costs~~ as well as ~~a flattening of the yield curve.~~an increase innon-interest bearing demand deposits. The increase in the cost of interest bearing liabilities is primarily due to higher rates for interest bearing public funds, higher certificates of deposit costs and certain Federal Home Loan Bank and other borrowings. Accretion from prior acquisitions benefited the first quarter net interest margin by approximately ~~six~~19 basis points, as compared to ~~eight~~six basis points in the prior year period.

The provision for credit losses ~~decreased~~increased to $2.5 million in the first quarter of 2019, compared to $2.2 million in the first quarter of ~~2018,~~2018. The increased provision is due primarily to a $40.7 million increase in criticized and classified loans as of March 31, 2019 as compared to ~~$2.7 million~~March 31, 2018. The increase was primarily the result of WesBanco’s normal loan grade review process post-acquisition of FFKT, as well as two larger downgraded relationships in the ~~first quarter of 2017, due to continued strength in the~~legacy loan ~~credit quality and minimal overall loan growth.~~portfolio. Net charge-offs, as a percentage of average portfolio loans ofwas 0.07% infor both the first quarter of ~~2018 were lower than the 0.15% in the first quarter of 2017.~~2019 and 2018.

For the first quarter of ~~2018,~~2019,non-interest income increased ~~$1.1~~$3.8 million or ~~4.8%,~~15.8% compared to the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018. Service charges on deposits increased $1.7 million or 35.8%, electronic banking fees increased $1.1 million or 22.0%, payment processing fees increased $0.6 million or 100% and trust fees increased $0.6 million or 9.4% for the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018. Payment processing fees are from a business acquired from FFKT, which provides bill payment and electronic funds transfer services for its customers. Bank owned-life insurance ~~increased $1.6~~decreased $1.4 million or ~~141.8%~~52.1%, due to higher death benefits received during the first quarter of 2018 compared to the first quarter of 2017. Trust fees increased $0.3 million or 5.9%, as equity markets improved and trust assets increased 5.0% since the first quarter of 2017. Electronic banking fees increased $0.3 million or 6.6% based on increased debit card volume. Net gain (loss) on other real estate owned and other assets increased $0.3 million or 444.7% as result of an increase in a venture capital fund established for qualifying Community Reinvestment Act investment purposes in 2009.2019.

~~The following comments onnon-interest~~ ~~expense exclude merger-related expenses in both years.~~Non-interest expense in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 grew ~~slightly~~ by ~~$0.4~~$19.9 million or ~~0.8%~~36.4%, compared to the ~~2017~~2018 first ~~quarter.~~quarter, which is primarily due to the FTSB and FFKT acquisitions. Salaries and wages increased ~~$2.0~~$5.9 million or ~~8.7%~~23.7% and employee benefit expense increased $3.0 million or 44.5% compared to last year’s first ~~quarter. However, employee benefit expenses decreased $1.3 million or 15.8%~~quarter as ~~compared~~full-time equivalent personnel increased 20.1% due in part to the FTSB and FFKT acquisitions as well as additions to key revenue-producing positions throughout the markets. For the first quarter of ~~2017. These fluctuations are primarily due~~2019, merger-related expenses were $3.1 million related to the adoption of an accounting standard, which requires the service component of pension expense to be included in salaries and wages as opposed to employee benefit expenses. The pronouncement was adopted January 1, 2018.FFKT merger.

The effective income tax rate and associated provision for income taxes for the first quarter of 2018 are reflective of the recently enacted “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”, which lowered the Federal income tax rate for corporations to 21%. During the first quarter, the effective tax rate was ~~17.28%~~18.01% as compared to ~~29.09%~~17.28% last year, while the provision for income taxes ~~decreased $3.6~~increased $1.9 million to ~~$7.0~~$8.9 million ~~despite~~due to higher year-over-yearpre-tax income.

NET INTEREST INCOME

TABLE 1. NET INTEREST INCOME


	For the Three Months Ended						For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	2018			2017			2019			2018
Net interest income	$	73,292		$	70,719		$	98,361		$	73,292
Taxable equivalent adjustment to net interest income		1,285			2,634			1,473			1,285

Net interest income, fully taxable equivalent	$	74,577		$	73,353		$	99,834		$	74,577

Net interest spread,non-taxable equivalent		3.12	%		3.16	%		3.34	%		3.12	%
Benefit of netnon-interest bearing liabilities		0.20	%		0.14	%		0.29	%		0.20	%

Net interest margin		3.32	%		3.30	%		3.63	%		3.32	%
Taxable equivalent adjustment		0.06	%		0.12	%		0.05	%		0.06	%

Net interest margin, fully taxable equivalent		3.38	%		3.42	%		3.68	%		3.38	%

Net interest income, which is WesBanco’s largest source of revenue, is the difference between interest income on earning assets, primarily loans and securities, and interest expense on liabilities, ~~(deposits~~primarily deposits and short and long-term ~~borrowings).~~borrowings. Net interest income is affected by the general level of, and changes in interest rates, the steepness and shape of the yield curve, changes in the amount and composition of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, as well as the frequency of repricing of existing assets and liabilities. Net interest income increased ~~$2.6~~$25.1 million or ~~3.6%~~34.2% in ~~the first quarter of 2018~~2019 compared to ~~2017,~~2018, due to a ~~2.7%~~23.0% increase in average earning asset balances, primarily driven by the acquisitions of FTSB and FFKT and related net asset accretion from ~~an 11.6% increase in average taxable securities balances.~~purchase accounting. Average loan balances increased by ~~1.0%~~20.8% in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 from the acquisitions of FTSB and FFKT compared to the first quarter of ~~2017, and were driven by~~2018, as organic loan growth ~~in total commercial loans and~~decreased 1.3% from lower home equity loan balances due to a lower demand as a result of higher interest rates and tax changes, elevated levels of commercial real estate loans ~~both strategic focus categories~~moving to the secondary market and continued deleveraging by commercial customers reflective of ~~WesBanco, which more than offset~~ the ~~targeted reductions in the consumer portfolio to reduce the overall loan portfolio’s risk profile.~~current operating environment and higher cash levels from tax reform. Total average deposits increased in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 by ~~$64.1 million~~$1.7 billion or ~~0.9%~~23.9% compared to the first quarter of ~~2017, while certificates~~2018, due specifically to the deposits acquired from FTSB and FFKT. The net interest margin increased by 30 basis points to 3.68% in the first quarter of ~~deposit, which have the highest overall interest cost among deposits, decreased by $213.0 million or 14.6% over~~2019 from the same ~~time period.~~period of 2018. The margin benefited from the effect of ~~multiple~~four increases in the Federal Reserve’s target federal funds rate ~~over the past year~~during 2018, higher margins on the ~~net interest margin were offset by lower tax equivalent yields ontax-exempt~~ ~~securities resulting from the decrease in the corporate tax rate to 21% for 2018. Due to this adjustment intax-equivalency,~~ ~~the net interest margin decreased to 3.38% for the first quarter~~acquired FFKT assets and control of ~~2018 compared to 3.42% in the first quarter of 2017.~~deposit cost increases. Yields increased for all significant earning asset categories in ~~2018 except fortax-exempt~~ ~~securities.~~2019. The cost of interest bearing liabilities increased by 2326 basis points from the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2019 to the first quarter of 2018. The increase in the cost ~~of interest bearing liabilities~~ is primarily due to rate increases for larger balance customers in interest bearing demand deposits, which include public funds, and higher rates for ~~certain~~customer repurchase agreements, short ~~term and~~to medium-term Federal Home Loan Bank ~~borrowings.~~borrowings and junior subordinated debentures. Approximately 619 basis points of accretion from the FTSB, FFKT and other prior acquisitions was included in the ~~2018~~ first quarter 2019 net interest margin compared to 86 basis points in the ~~2017~~2018 first quarter net interest margin.

Interest income increased ~~$6.5~~$32.6 million or ~~8.1%~~37.8% in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 compared to the first quarter of ~~2017~~2018 due to higher ~~average loan~~overall earning assets, particularly from the FTSB and ~~securities balances~~FFKT acquisitions, and higher yields in ~~almost~~ every significant earning asset category. Earning asset yields were influenced positively in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 compared to the first quarter of ~~2017~~2018 due to ~~three~~four federal funds rate increases occurring ~~during the past twelve months.~~through 2018. Average loan balances increased by ~~$60.8 million~~$1.3 billion or ~~1.0%~~20.8% in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 compared to the ~~same period~~first quarter of ~~2017, primarily~~2018, due to ~~increases in commercial~~the acquisitions of FTSB and ~~home equity loans.~~FFKT. Loan yields increased by 2463 basis points during this same period to ~~4.43%~~5.06% from the previously mentioned federal funds rate ~~increases.~~increases and accretion from purchase accounting from the FTSB and FFKT acquisitions. Loans provide the greatest impact on interest income and the yield on earning assets as they have the largest balance and the highest yield within major earning asset categories. In the first quarter of ~~2018,~~2019, average loans represented ~~71.2%~~69.9% of average earning assets, a decrease from ~~72.4%~~71.2% in ~~the first quarter of 2017,~~2018, primarily due to purchases of ~~taxable~~investment securities throughout 2018 and from those assumed in the FTSB and FFKT acquisitions exceeding ~~the~~ average total loan ~~growth.~~growth on a percentage basis. Average taxable securities balances increased by ~~$186.0~~$564.5 million or ~~11.6%~~31.5% from the first quarter of ~~2017,~~2018, consistent with management’s strategy of growing total assets above $10 billion in the first quarter of ~~2018 to improve profitability.~~2018. Total ~~securities yields decreased by 12 basis points in 2018 from the first quarter of 2017 due a lowertax-equivalency~~ ~~benefit ontax-exempt~~ securities, resulting from the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”, which decreased the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. This yield decrease had no effect on net interest income, as the tax effect is included in the provision for income taxes. The average balance of~~tax-exempt~~ ~~securities decreased slightly from the first quarter of 2017, and was 28.6% of total average securities in 2018 compared to 31.2% in the first quarter of 2017. Taxable~~ securities yields increased by 1918 basis points in the first quarter of ~~2018 as compared to~~2019 from the first quarter of ~~2017~~2018 due to ~~purchases~~higher market rates on all securities acquired and purchased in mid to late 2018 and into the first quarter of 2019, as taxable securities yields increased by 26 basis points andtax-exempt securities yields increased by 5 basis points. Slightly mitigating the yield increase in investment securities, the average balance oftax-exempt securities, which have the highest yields within securities, decreased to 25.6% of total average securities in the first quarter of 2019 compared to 28.6% in the first quarter of 2018, ~~at higher market rates.~~mostly due to the previously mentioned purchases of taxable securities and the sale of lower-yieldingtax-exempt municipal securities late in the first quarter.

Total portfolio loans increased ~~$10.4 million~~$1.3 billion or ~~0.2%~~21.3% over the last twelve months, while total commercial loans increased ~~$74.2 million~~$1.0 billion or ~~1.8%~~23.8%. Loan growth was achieved through ~~$1.8~~$2.3 billion in total loan originations, led by ~~$1.2~~$1.4 billion in business loan originations for the past twelve months. Loan growth was driven by the acquisitions of FTSB and FFKT, expanded market areas and additional commercial personnel in our core markets, partially offset by significant loan paydowns or payoffs as some loans moved into the secondary lending market by customers who refinanced their ~~mortgages, and targeted reductions of the consumer portfolio to reduce the risk profile of the loan portfolio.~~commercial real estate mortgages.

Interest expense increased ~~$3.9~~$7.6 million or ~~42.6%~~57.7% in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 compared to the first quarter of ~~2017,~~2018, due primarily to increases in the balances of interest bearing liabilities from the acquisitions of FTSB and FFKT and increases in the rates paid on ~~most~~all interest bearing liability categories. The cost of interest bearing liabilities increased by 2326 basis points from the first quarter of ~~2017~~2018 to ~~0.80%~~1.06% in ~~the first quarter of 2018.~~2019. Average interest bearing deposits ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$24.0 million~~$1.2 billion or ~~0.5%~~22.0% from the first quarter of ~~2017, due primarily to a decrease in the average balance of CDs of $213.0 million or 14.6%. This decrease was partially~~2018, due to ~~a $42.5 million reduction in CDARS~~^® ~~balances from $116.7 million at March 31, 2017 to $74.2 million at March 31, 2018.~~the acquisitions of FTSB and FFKT. The rate on interest bearing deposits increased by 1418 basis points from the first quarter of ~~2017,~~2018, primarily from increases in rates on interest bearing public ~~funds.~~funds and for certain larger balance customers. Averagenon-interest

bearing demand deposits increased from the first quarter of ~~2017~~2018 to the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 by ~~$88.1~~$550.8 million or ~~4.9%~~29.5% and ~~are now 26.3%~~were 27.5% of total average deposits at March 31, 2019, compared to ~~25.3% in 2017,~~26.3% at March 31, 2018, reflecting ~~customers’ preferences~~the acquisitions’non-interest bearing demand deposits and marketing strategies. Organic averagenon-interest bearing demand deposits increased by $92.9 million or 4.8% during this same time period. The increase innon-interest bearing deposits ~~reflect~~reflects positively inon the net interest margin, as the benefit ofnon-interest bearing liabilities increased by 6nine basis points from the first quarter of ~~2017~~

2018 to ~~the first quarter~~2019. The average balance of ~~2018. Average other~~FHLB borrowings ~~and subordinated debt balances remained virtually unchanged~~increased by only $15.6 million from the first quarter of ~~2017, but~~2018 to 2019; however, the average rate paid increased by 68 basis points to 2.44% over this same time period due to higher interest rates and the replacement of some legacy lower-rate borrowings with those of current higher rates throughout 2018 and the first quarter of 2019. Average other borrowings and junior subordinated debt balances increased by $148.2 million or 40.1% from the first quarter of 2018 to 2019 due to the acquisitions of FTSB and FFKT, and their average rates paid increased by 4982 and 3062 basis points, respectively, over this same time period due to increases in LIBOR, the index upon which most of this variable-rate type of borrowing is priced. The average balance of FHLB borrowings increased by $88.4 million from the first quarter of 2017, and their average rate paid increased by 55 basis points to 1.76% over this same time period due to higher interest rates and the replacement of some maturing shorter-term borrowings with those of a medium-term length throughout 2017 and the first quarter of 2018 to improve asset sensitivity and liquidity measures.

TABLE 2. AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND NET INTEREST MARGIN ANALYSIS


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018					2017					For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	Average		Average			Average		Average			2019					2018
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	Balance		Rate			Balance		Rate			Average Balance		Average Rate			Average Balance		Average Rate
ASSETS
Due from banks – interest bearing	$	8,727		2.06	%	$	13,926		0.52	%
Due from banks—interest bearing											$	76,731		1.70	%	$	8,727		2.06	%
Loans, net of unearned income⁽¹⁾		6,339,550		4.43	%		6,278,718		4.19	%		7,659,542		5.06	%		6,339,550		4.43	%
Securities:⁽²⁾
Taxable		1,789,336		2.58	%		1,603,337		2.39	%		2,353,856		2.84	%		1,789,336		2.58	%
Tax-exempt⁽³⁾		717,624		3.41	%		726,658		4.14	%		810,702		3.46	%		717,624		3.41	%

Total securities		2,506,960		2.82	%		2,329,995		2.94	%		3,164,558		3.00	%		2,506,960		2.82	%
Other earning assets		50,388		6.02	%		47,025		4.43	%		52,114		7.30	%		50,388		6.02	%

Total earning assets⁽³⁾		8,905,625		3.98	%		8,669,664		3.85	%		10,952,945		4.45	%		8,905,625		3.98	%

Other assets		1,087,739					1,111,813					1,557,087					1,087,739

Total Assets	$	9,993,364				$	9,781,477				$	12,510,032				$	9,993,364

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest bearing demand deposits	$	1,697,755		0.60	%	$	1,536,282		0.29	%	$	2,129,601		0.75	%	$	1,697,755		0.60	%
Money market accounts		1,005,236		0.35	%		1,038,584		0.22	%		1,154,563		0.67	%		1,005,236		0.35	%
Savings deposits		1,288,120		0.06	%		1,227,190		0.06	%		1,659,751		0.13	%		1,288,120		0.06	%
Certificates of deposit		1,241,228		0.83	%		1,454,245		0.67	%		1,438,468		1.10	%		1,241,228		0.83	%

Total interest bearing deposits		5,232,339		0.47	%		5,256,301		0.33	%		6,382,383		0.65	%		5,232,339		0.47	%
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings		1,037,441		1.76	%		949,001		1.21	%		1,053,014		2.44	%		1,037,441		1.76	%
Other borrowings		204,833		1.10	%		197,358		0.61	%		327,839		1.92	%		204,833		1.10	%
Subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt		164,334		4.79	%		163,913		4.49	%		189,524		5.41	%		164,334		4.79	%

Total interest bearing liabilities⁽¹⁾		6,638,947		0.80	%		6,566,573		0.57	%		7,952,760		1.06	%		6,638,947		0.80	%
Non-interest bearing demand deposits		1,869,624					1,781,513					2,420,462					1,869,624
Other liabilities		83,522					75,789					134,100					83,522
Shareholders’ equity		1,401,271					1,357,602					2,002,710					1,401,271

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	9,993,364				$	9,781,477				$	12,510,032				$	9,993,364

Taxable equivalent net interest spread				3.18	%				3.28	%				3.39	%				3.18	%
Taxable equivalent net interest margin				3.38	%				3.42	%				3.68	%				3.38	%

(1)

Gross of allowance for loan losses and net of unearned income. Includesnon-accrual and loans held for sale. Loan fees included in interest income on loans totaled ~~$0.7 million and~~ $0.6 million for both the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively. Additionally, loan accretion included in net interest income on loans acquired from ~~prior~~ acquisitions was ~~$1.2~~$4.9 million and ~~$1.3~~$1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively, while accretion on interest bearing liabilities from ~~prior~~ acquisitions was ~~$0.2~~$0.4 million and ~~$0.5~~$0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, ~~and 2017,~~ respectively.

(2)	Average yields onavailable-for-sale debt securities are calculated based on amortized cost.

(3)	Taxable equivalent basis is calculated ontax-exempt securities using a rate of 21% for ~~2018 and 35% for 2017.~~each period presented.

TABLE 3. RATE/VOLUME ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST INCOME AND INTEREST EXPENSE


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	Compared to March 31, 2017									Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to March 31, 2018
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Volume			Rate			Net Increase (Decrease)			Volume		Rate			Net Increase (Decrease)
Increase (decrease) in interest income:
Due from banks—interest bearing	$	(9	)	$	36		$	27		$	520	$	(238	)	$	282
Loans, net of unearned income		634			3,705			4,339			15,631		10,634			26,265
Taxable securities		1,165			782			1,947			3,922		1,268			5,190
Tax-exempt securities⁽¹⁾		(92	)		(1,314	)		(1,406	)		804		91			895
Other earning assets		39			198			237			26		166			192

Total interest income change⁽¹⁾		1,737			3,407			5,144			20,903		11,921			32,824

Increase (decrease) in interest expense:
Interest bearing demand deposits		126			1,305			1,431			722		700			1,422
Money market accounts		(19	)		323			304			147		874			1,021
Savings deposits		8			—			8			67		266			333
Certificates of deposit		(385	)		510			125			446		921			1,367
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings		285			1,377			1,662			68		1,771			1,839
Other borrowings		12			249			261			446		552			998
Subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt		5			124			129			319		268			587

Total interest expense change		32			3,888			3,920			2,215		5,352			7,567

Net interest income increase (decrease)⁽¹⁾	$	1,705		$	(481	)	$	1,224		$	18,688	$	6,569		$	25,257

(1)	Taxable equivalent basis is calculated ontax-exempt securities using a tax rate of 21% ~~for 2018 and 35% for 2017.~~.

PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The provision for credit losses is the amount to be added to the allowance for credit losses after net charge-offs have been deducted to bring the allowance to a level considered appropriate to absorb ~~probable~~ losses inincurred within the loan portfolio. The provision for credit losses also includes the amount to be added to the reserve for loan commitments to bring that reserve to a level considered appropriate to absorb ~~probable~~ losses incurred on unfunded commitments. The provision for credit losses ~~decreased~~increased to $2.5 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $2.2 million in the first quarter of 2018 ~~compared to $2.7 million in the first quarter of 2017~~ due primarily to the ~~consistent high quality of~~increase in the provision for loan ~~portfolio. Overall, most credit ratios continued to improve on a percentage basis, year-over-year.~~commitments.Non-performing loans (including TDRs), and ~~criticized and classified loans all~~non-performing assets both improved as a percentage of total portfolio loans from March 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Totalnon-performing loans were ~~0.62%~~0.47% of total loans at March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, decreasing from ~~0.74%~~0.62% of total loans at the end of the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018.Non-performing assets were 0.54% of total loans and other real estate and repossessed assets at March 31, 2019, decreasing from 0.68% at the end of the first quarter of 2018. Criticized and classified loans were ~~1.08%~~1.42% of total loans, ~~improving~~increasing from ~~1.35%~~1.08% at March 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Past due loans at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 were ~~0.25%~~0.32% of total loans, compared to ~~0.22%~~0.25% at March 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Annualized net loan charge-offs ~~also decreased from 0.15%~~remained flat at 0.07% at March 31, ~~2017 to 0.07% at March 31,~~2019 and 2018. (Please see the Allowance for Credit Losses section of this MD&A for additional discussion).

NON-INTEREST INCOME

TABLE 4.NON-INTEREST INCOME


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,												For the Three Months Ended March 31,
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	2018			2017			$ Change			% Change			2019		2018			$ Change			% Change
Trust fees	$	6,503		$	6,143		$	360			5.9		$	7,115	$	6,503		$	612			9.4
Service charges on deposits		4,822			4,853			(31	)		(0.6	)		6,549		4,822			1,727			35.8
Electronic banking fees		4,829			4,528			301			6.6			5,892		4,829			1,063			22.0
Net securities brokerage revenue		1,670			1,762			(92	)		(5.2	)		1,860		1,670			190			11.4
Bank-owned life insurance		2,756			1,140			1,616			141.8			1,319		2,756			(1,437	)		(52.1	)
Mortgage banking income		1,004			1,440			(436	)		(30.3	)		1,056		1,004			52			5.2
Net securities (losses) gains		(39	)		12			(51	)		(425.0	)
Net gain (loss) on other real estate owned and other assets		262			(76	)		338			444.7
Payment processing fees														648		—			648			100.0
Net securities gains (losses)														657		(39	)		696			1,784.6
Net gain on other real estate owned and other assets														136		262			(126	)		(48.1	)
Net insurance services revenue		892			916			(24	)		(2.6	)		908		892			16			1.8
Swap fee and valuation income		517			757			(240	)		(31.7	)		369		517			(148	)		(28.6	)
Other		764			1,409			(645	)		(45.8	)		1,264		764			500			65.4

Totalnon-interest income	$	23,980		$	22,884		$	1,096			4.8		$	27,773	$	23,980		$	3,793			15.8

Non-interest income is a significant source of revenue and an important part of WesBanco’s results of operations. WesBanco offers its customers a wide range of retail, commercial, investment and electronic banking services, which are viewed as a vital component of WesBanco’s ability to attract and maintain customers, as well as providing additional fee income beyond normal spread-related income to WesBanco. For the first quarter of ~~2018,~~2019,non-interest income increased ~~$1.1~~$3.8 million or ~~4.8%~~15.8% compared to the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018 primarily due to the acquisitions of FTSB and FFKT. The increase is driven by a ~~$1.6~~$1.7 million increase in ~~bank-owned life insurance,~~service charges on deposits, a ~~$0.4 million increase in trust fees, a $0.3~~$1.1 million increase in electronic banking fees, ~~and~~ a ~~$0.3~~$0.7 million increase in net ~~gain (loss) on other real estate owned~~securities gains, a $0.6 million increase in payment processing fees and ~~other assets,~~a $0.6 million increase in trust fees, which was partially offset by $1.4 million decreases in ~~other income, swap fee and valuation income, and mortgage banking income~~bank-owned life insurance compared to the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018.

Trust fees increased ~~$0.4~~$0.6 million or ~~5.9%~~9.4% compared to the first quarter of ~~2017~~2018 due to the acquisition of FFKT as well as market improvements and customer and revenue development initiatives. Total trust assets have increased ~~$0.2~~$0.5 billion from ~~$3.8 billion at March 31, 2017 to~~ $4.0 billion at March 31, ~~2018.~~2018 to $4.5 billion at March 31, 2019. At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, trust assets include managed assets of ~~$3.3~~$3.9 billion andnon-managed (custodial) assets of ~~$0.7~~$0.6 billion. Assets managed for the WesMark Funds, a proprietary group of mutual funds that is advised by WesBanco Trust and Investment Services, were ~~$933.6~~$913.4 million as of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~$906.2~~$933.6 million at March 31, ~~2017~~2018 and are included in trust-managed assets.

Service charges on deposits ~~remained consistent quarter over quarter, decreasing by 0.6%.~~increased $1.7 million or 35.8% primarily because of the FTSB and FFKT acquisitions. Deposits increased ~~$80.6 million~~$1.7 billion to $8.9 billion as of March 31, 2019 as compared to $7.2 billion as of March 31, ~~2018 as compared to $7.1 billion as of March 31, 2017.~~2018.

Electronic banking fees, which include debit card interchange fees, continued to grow, increasing ~~$0.3~~$1.0 million or ~~6.6%~~22.0% compared to the first three months of ~~2017,~~2018 due to a higher customer base from the FTSB and FFKT acquisitions as well as increased volume of debit card transactions from WesBanco’s ~~customer base.~~legacy customers. The volume increase in legacy customers is due to a higher percentage of customers using these products as well as marketing initiatives. Beginning on July 1, 2019, debit card interchange fees will decrease by an estimated$2.0-$3.0 million per quarter due to the impact of the Durbin amendment from the 2010 passage of the Dodd-Frank Act on banks with total assets of $10 billion or greater.

Bank-owned life insurance ~~increased $1.6~~decreased $1.4 million or ~~141.8%~~52.1% compared to first quarter of ~~2017~~2018 due to higher death benefits received during the prior period. The total cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance increased ~~$2.6~~$34.8 million to ~~$191.8~~$226.6 million as of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 as compared to March 31, ~~2017.~~2018, which is primarily attributable to the bank-owned life insurance acquired from FFKT.

Mortgage banking income ~~decreased $0.4~~remained flat at $1.1 million ~~or 30.3% as~~ compared to $1.0 million at first quarter of ~~2017 primarily due to a $0.5 million favorable market adjustment recognized during the first quarter of 2017.~~2018. Mortgage production was ~~$73.3~~$94.1 million, which ~~decreased 10.9%~~was an increase of 28.3% from the comparable ~~2017~~2018 quarter. ~~Mortgages~~However, mortgages sold into the secondary market represented ~~$38.6~~$39.6 million or ~~52.7%~~42.1% of overall mortgage loan production in the first three months of ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~$36.1~~$38.6 million or ~~43.9%~~52.7% in the first three months of ~~2017.~~2018. Included in the mortgage banking income is $0.3 million loss and $0.3 million gain from the fair value adjustments on loans held for sale and loan commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Payment processing fees are earned from the bill payment and electronic funds transfer (“EFT”) services provided under the name FirstNet, which was acquired from FFKT. Payment processing fee income was $0.6 million for the first three months of 2019. There was no prior period income.

Net ~~gain (loss) on other real estate owned and other assets~~securities gains (losses) increased ~~$0.4~~$0.7 million ~~or 444.7% as~~ compared to the first quarter of ~~2017 primarily due to an increase~~2018. Included in ~~value of $0.2 million of~~net securities gains is a ~~venture capital investment.~~

~~Swap fee and valuation income decreased $0.2 million compared to the first three months of 2017 primarily due to the change in the valuation of the interest rate swaps and lower new swap volume.~~

~~Other income decreased~~ $0.6 million ~~or 45.8% compared~~market adjustment for deferred compensation and $0.1 million related to ~~the first three months~~net gains on sales and calls of 2017 primarily due to a $0.4 million gain on the sale of certain real estate-related joint venture assets acquired from ESB recognized in the first quarter of 2017. WesBanco is currently in the process of winding up and dissolving its business activities of these acquired joint ventures.debt securities.

NON-INTEREST EXPENSE

TABLE 5.NON-INTEREST EXPENSE


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,										For the Three Months Ended March 31,
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	2018		2017		$ Change			% Change			2019		2018		$ Change			% Change
Salaries and wages	$	25,006	$	23,002	$	2,004			8.7		$	30,940	$	25,006	$	5,934			23.7
Employee benefits		6,912		8,210		(1,298	)		(15.8	)		9,989		6,912		3,077			44.5
Net occupancy		4,656		4,327		329			7.6			5,566		4,656		910			19.5
Equipment		3,949		4,042		(93	)		(2.3	)		4,833		3,949		884			22.4
Marketing		1,116		824		292			35.4			1,243		1,116		127			11.4
FDIC insurance		658		827		(169	)		(20.4	)		1,353		658		695			105.6
Amortization of intangible assets		1,086		1,273		(187	)		(14.7	)		2,514		1,086		1,428			131.5
Restructuring and merger-related expenses		245		491		(246	)		(50.1	)		3,107		245		2,862			1,168.2
Franchise and other miscellaneous taxes		2,235		2,084		151			7.2			3,026		2,235		791			35.4
Consulting, regulatory, accounting and advisory fees		1,532		1,673		(141	)		(8.4	)		1,817		1,532		285			18.6
ATM and electronic banking interchange expenses		1,216		1,088		128			11.8			1,723		1,216		507			41.7
Postage and courier expenses		959		1,021		(62	)		(6.1	)		1,549		959		590			61.5
Legal fees		713		761		(48	)		(6.3	)		679		713		(34	)		(4.8	)
Communications		488		747		(259	)		(34.7	)		930		488		442			90.6
Supplies		687		828		(141	)		(17.0	)		1,140		687		453			65.9
Other real estate owned and foreclosure expenses		199		328		(129	)		(39.3	)		12		199		(187	)		(94.0	)
Other		2,914		2,858		56			2.0			4,011		2,914		1,097			37.6

Totalnon-interest expense	$	54,571	$	54,384	$	187			0.3		$	74,432	$	54,571	$	19,861			36.4

Non-interest expense in the first quarter of ~~2018 grew marginally~~2019 increased by ~~$0.2~~$19.9 million or ~~0.3%~~36.4% compared to the same quarter in ~~2017~~2018, principally from the FTSB and FFKT acquisitions, which closed in ~~an effort~~the second and third quarters of 2018. In the first quarter of 2019, there was $3.1 million in merger-related expenses for the FFKT acquisition compared to ~~control operating expenses.~~$0.2 million in merger-related expenses for the FTSB acquisition in the first quarter of 2018. Excluding merger-related expenses,non-interest expense increased ~~$0.4~~$17.0 million or ~~0.8%. For~~31.3% compared to the first quarter salaries and wages increased $2.0 million, net occupancy increased $0.3 million, and marketing expense increased $0.3 million, offset by a $1.3 million decrease in employee benefits, a $0.3 million decrease in communications, coupled with decreases in various other expense categories.of 2018.

Salaries and wages increased ~~$2.0~~$5.9 million or ~~8.7%~~23.7% from the first quarter of ~~2017~~2018 due to increased compensation expense related to a 20.1% increase in full-time equivalent employees from the ~~adoption of a new accounting standard, which requires the service component portion of pension expense to be classified to salaries~~FTSB and ~~wages from employee benefits. The remaining increase is due to routine annual compensation adjustments and stock based compensation.~~FFKT acquisitions. Employee benefits expense ~~decreased $1.3~~increased $3.1 million compared to the first quarter of ~~2017,~~2018, primarily from ~~the~~a $0.9 million increase in health care costs, a $0.7 ~~reclassification of~~million increase in employer payroll taxes and a $0.6 million increase in the ~~service component portion of pension cost to salaries and wages. Pension costs excluding the service component decreased $0.3 million compared to the first quarter 2017. The~~ fair value of certain executive deferred compensation benefits, ~~decreased $0.3 million as compared to~~which is fully offset in net securities gains. Salaries and wages expense and benefits expense should benefit somewhat from a reduction in full-time equivalent employees that occurred after the ~~same period~~core technology and branch conversions of FFKT in ~~2017.~~the first quarter of 2019.

Net occupancy costs increased ~~$0.3~~$0.9 million or ~~7.6%~~19.5% compared to the first three months of ~~2017,~~2018, primarily due to increased building-related costs from the additional branches acquired in the FTSB and FFKT acquisitions including utilities, lease expense, depreciation, repairs and other seasonal maintenance costs, such as snow removal. Upon core conversion of FFKT in the first quarter of 2019, WesBanco closed six branches in Kentucky to reduce redundant locations, which allows the Company to operate more cost effectively.

~~Marketing expenses~~FDIC insurance increased ~~$0.3~~$0.7 million or ~~35.4%~~105.6% compared to the first three months of ~~2017. The increase is primarily~~2018 due to ~~advertising expense~~a higher assessment rates resulting from the FTSB and FFKT acquisitions increasing WesBanco’s total assets over $10 billion and WesBanco now being assessed as ~~new marketing campaigns began~~a large bank. WesBanco expects to receive $3.1 million of small bank credits against future assessments once the FDIC insurance fund reaches 1.38%.

Amortization of intangible assets increased $1.4 million or 131.5% compared to the same quarter of 2018. The FTSB acquisition added approximately $8.1 million in ~~2018.~~core deposit intangibles. The FFKT acquisition added approximately $37.4 million in core deposit intangibles and $2.6 million in trust customer relationship intangibles.

Merger-related expenses in ~~2018 relate~~2019 related to the ~~FTSB~~FFKT acquisition that closed on ~~April 5, 2018.~~August 20, 2018, and increased $2.9 million from the $0.2 million in merger-related expenses that were recorded in the first quarter of 2018 for the FTSB acquisition. The $3.1 million of expenses recorded in the first quarter of 2019 include $1.3 million in branch consolidation costs, ~~consist of primarily legal~~as six branches were closed or consolidated and four branches were transferred to held for sale, $1.0 million in conversion costs and professional fees, $0.4 million in staffing costs and $0.4 million in contract termination costs.

Franchise and other ~~professional fees. The merger-related costs~~miscellaneous taxes increased by $0.8 million or 35.4% from the same quarter of 2018 due to a $0.3 million increase in ~~2017 related~~the Kentucky corporate franchise tax from the FFKT acquisition, which was headquartered in Kentucky. Real and personal property taxes also increased by $0.2 million due to the ~~YCB acquisition, which closed on September 9, 2016.~~addition of FTSB and FFKT’s branches.

~~Communications expense decreased $0.3 million or 34.7% compared to the first three months of 2017. WesBanco improved the technology and communications infrastructure at the formerYCB-acquired~~ ~~branches, which further allowed for future cost savings as noted in the current period.~~

INCOME TAXES

The provision for income taxes ~~decreased $3.6~~increased $1.9 million or ~~34.1%~~26.5% in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 compared to the first quarter of ~~2017,~~2018, primarily due to ~~the enacted Federal tax reform legislation that reduced the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. Partially offsetting this decrease~~a $8.7 million increase in ~~income tax expense, first quarter 2018~~pre-tax ~~income was 11.0% higher. As a result of these changes, the~~income. The effective tax rate ~~decreased~~increased to ~~17.28%~~18.01% compared to ~~29.09%~~17.28% in the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Total assets increased ~~4.4%~~1.1%, while deposits and shareholders’ equity increased ~~2.6%~~1.0% and ~~0.6%~~2.2%, respectively, compared to December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Total securities ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$463.6~~$53.2 million or ~~20.3%~~1.7% from December 31, ~~2017~~2018 to March 31, ~~2018, and was~~2019, primarily driven by ~~management’s strategy to exceed~~ the ~~$10 billion threshold~~sale of lower yielding municipal securities and the repayment of mortgage-backed securities, which were partially offset by a $25.0 million reduction in ~~total assets during~~unrealized losses in the ~~first quarter of 2018 by purchasing taxable securities. These purchases had an average yield of approximately 3.06%.~~available-for-sale portfolio. Total portfolio loans ~~decreased $18.9~~remained virtually unchanged increasing $9.8 million or ~~0.3% as a result of targeted reductions in the consumer portfolio offsetting growth in strategic focus categories, coupled with increased secondary market residential mortgage loan sales.~~0.1%. Deposits increased ~~$182.7~~$84.7 million fromyear-end resulting from a ~~7.1%~~1.8% increase in demand deposits, ~~and~~ a ~~3.5%~~1.7% increase in savings deposits and a 0.5% increase in money market deposits, which more than offset the ~~3.9% decrease in money market deposits and the 5.4%~~2.2% decrease in certificates of deposit. The decrease in certificates of deposit is a result of periodically offering lower than median competitive rates for maturing certificates of deposit, primarily for single-service customers, and customer preferences for other deposit types, coupled with ~~a $30.8~~an $8.7 million decrease in ~~CDARS~~^®CDARS® balances. The increase in demand deposits and savings deposits were attributable to marketing, incentives paid to customers, focused retail and business strategies to obtain more account relationships, and customers’ preference for short-term maturities, coupled with deposits from bonus and royalty payments for Marcellus and Utica shale gas payments from energy companies in WesBanco’s southwestern Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and northern West Virginia markets. Total borrowings ~~increased 18.6%~~decreased 1.4% during the first three months of ~~2018~~2019 as ~~short-term~~FHLB maturities exceeded new borrowings ~~increased $22.8~~by $22.5 million and ~~new FHLB borrowings exceeded maturities by $219.2 million. Proceeds from borrowings~~$10.3 million of junior subordinated debentures were ~~utilized to purchase investment securities~~redeemed during the first three months ~~ended March 31, 2018.~~of 2019, which were partially offset by an $11.0 million increase in short-term borrowings. Total shareholders’ equity increased by approximately ~~$8.0~~$44.3 million or ~~0.6%~~2.2%, compared to December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, primarily due to net income exceeding dividends for the period by ~~$20.8~~$23.4 million ~~which was partially offset by~~and a ~~$14.5~~$19.8 million other comprehensive ~~loss.~~income gain.

TABLE 6. COMPOSITION OF SECURITIES (1)


*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			$ Change			% Change			March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			$ Change			% Change
Equity securities (at fair value)	$	13,986		$	13,457		$	529			3.9		$	11,978		$	11,737		$	241			2.1
Available-for-sale debt securities (at fair value)
U.S. Treasury		9,894			—			9,894			100.0			19,712			19,878			(166	)		(0.8	)
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies		96,458			71,843			24,615			34.3			139,290			141,652			(2,362	)		(1.7	)
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		1,344,410			934,922			409,488			43.8			1,582,784			1,561,255			21,529			1.4
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		140,926			114,867			26,059			22.7			177,005			168,972			8,033			4.8
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		101,431			104,830			(3,399	)		(3.2	)		186,067			185,114			953			0.5
Corporate debt securities		35,258			35,403			(145	)		(0.4	)		40,231			37,258			2,973			8.0

Totalavailable-for-sale debt securities	$	1,728,377		$	1,261,865		$	466,512			37.0		$	2,145,089		$	2,114,129		$	30,960			1.5

Held-to-maturity debt securities (at amortized cost)
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies	$	11,263		$	11,465		$	(202	)		(1.8	)	$	10,627		$	10,823		$	(196	)		(1.8	)
Residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of government sponsored entities and agencies		162,904			170,025			(7,121	)		(4.2	)		142,931			148,300			(5,369	)		(3.6	)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		798,536			794,655			3,881			0.5			749,652			828,520			(78,868	)		(9.5	)
Corporate debt securities		33,339			33,355			(16	)		(0.0	)		33,274			33,291			(17	)		(0.1	)

Totalheld-to-maturity debt securities		1,006,042			1,009,500			(3,458	)		(0.3	)		936,484			1,020,934			(84,450	)		(8.3	)

Total securities	$	2,748,405		$	2,284,822		$	463,583			20.3		$	3,093,551		$	3,146,800		$	(53,249	)		(1.7	)

Available-for-sale and equity securities:
Weighted average yield at the respective period end⁽²⁾		2.57	%		2.35	%								2.79	%		2.78	%
As a % of total securities		63.4	%		55.8	%								69.7	%		67.6	%
Weighted average life (in years)		4.8			4.2									4.8			5.0

Held-to-maturity securities:
Weighted average yield at the respective period end⁽²⁾		3.42	%		3.85	%								3.54	%		3.47	%
As a % of total securities		36.6	%		44.2	%								30.3	%		32.4	%
Weighted average life (in years)		4.8			4.2									3.8			4.6

Total securities:
Weighted average yield at the respective period end⁽²⁾		2.88	%		3.01	%								3.02	%		3.00	%
As a % of total securities		100.0	%		100.0	%								100.0	%		100.0	%
Weighted average life (in years)		4.8			4.2									4.5			4.2

(1)	At March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, there were no holdings of any one issuer, other than U.S. government sponsored entities and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of WesBanco’s shareholders’ equity.

(2)	Weighted average yields have been calculated on a taxable-equivalent basis using the federal statutory tax rate of 21% ~~in 2018 and 35% in 2017.~~.

Total investment securities, which are a source of liquidity for WesBanco as well as a contributor to interest income, ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$463.6~~$53.3 million or ~~20.3%~~1.7% from December 31, ~~2017~~2018 to March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Through the first three months of ~~2018,~~2019, theavailable-for-sale portfolio increased by ~~$466.5~~$31.0 million or ~~37.0%~~1.5%, while theheld-to-maturity portfolio ~~remained relatively unchanged. The increase~~decreased by $84.5 million or 8.3% due to $67.4 million ofheld-to-maturity callable municipal securities being transferred toavailable-for-sale, with the adoption of ASU2017-12. WesBanco elected to use theone-time transition election to transfer these securities as they were some of the lower yielding securities in the ~~overall~~municipal portfolio, ~~from December 31, 2017 was driven by management’s strategy to exceed the $10 billion threshold in total assets during the first quarter~~and subsequently sold $66.1 million of ~~2018 by purchasing mortgage-backed~~these securities ~~and collateralized mortgage obligations, with an average yield of approximately 3.06%.~~at a $51 thousand net gain. The weighted average yield of the portfolio ~~decreased~~increased by 13two basis points from ~~3.01%~~3.00% at December 31, ~~2017~~2018 to ~~2.88%~~3.02% at March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Though market rates ~~increased~~decreased in the first quarter of ~~2018 on all securities purchased, the decrease in the corporate federal tax rate from 35% to 21% reduced~~2019, thetax-equivalent yield increased by approximately ~~73 basis points on thetax-exempt~~ ~~municipal bond portfolio, and 16~~two basis points on the entire portfolio fromyear-end asdue to the ~~tax benefit was reduced. This decrease in thetax-equivalent~~ ~~yield ontax-exempt~~ ~~municipals more than offset the general market rate increases, astax-exempt~~ ~~municipals comprise approximately 25% of WesBanco’s investment portfolio. The higher-yielding first quarter purchases helped to mitigate the impact of thetax-equivalent~~ ~~yield reduction on the municipal bonds.~~previously mentioned sales.

Net unrealized losses onavailable-for-sale securities included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, as of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018 were ~~$29.2~~$3.6 million and ~~$13.3~~$25.3 million, respectively. With approximately ~~37%~~30% of the investment portfolio in theheld-to-maturity category, the recent volatility in interest rates does not have as much impact on other comprehensive income as if the entire portfolio were included in the categoryavailable-for-sale.

Equity securities, of which a portion consist of investments in various mutual funds held in grantor trusts formed in connection with a key officer and director deferred compensation plan, are recorded at fair value. Gains and losses due to fair value fluctuations on equity securities are included in net securities gains or losses. For those equity securities relating to the key officer and director deferred compensation plan, the corresponding change in the obligation to the employee is recognized in employee benefits expense.

WesBanco’s municipal portfolio comprises ~~32.7%~~30.2% of the overall securities portfolio as of March 31, ~~2018 as~~2019 compared to ~~39.4%~~32.2% as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, and it carries different risks that are not as prevalent in other security types contained in the portfolio. The following table presents the allocation of the municipal bond portfolio based on the combined S&P and Moody’s ratings of the individual bonds (at fair value):

TABLE 7. MUNICIPAL BOND RATINGS


	March 31, 2018				December 31, 2017				March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total
Municipal bonds (at fair value) (1):
Moody’s: Aaa / S&P: AAA	$	99,976		11.1	$	96,253		10.5	$	117,264		12.3	$	101,557		10.0
Moody’s: Aa1 ; Aa2 ; Aa3 / S&P: AA+ ; AA ; AA-		673,666		74.4		685,446		74.9		688,158		72.5		654,787		64.3
Moody’s: A1 ; A2 ; A3 / S&P: A+ ; A ; A-		122,043		13.5		125,032		13.7		123,633		13.0		237,847		23.4
Moody’s: Baa1 ; Baa2 ; Baa3 / S&P: BBB+ ; BBB ;BBB- (2)		1,035		0.1		745		0.1		5,364		0.6		7,607		0.7
Not rated by either agency		7,919		0.9		7,764		0.8		15,098		1.6		16,595		1.6

Total municipal bond portfolio	$	904,639		100.0	$	915,240		100.0	$	949,517		100.0	$	1,018,393		100.0

(1)	The ~~highest~~lowest available rating was used when placing the bond into a category in the table.

(2)	As of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, there are no securities in the municipal portfolio rated below investment grade.

WesBanco’s municipal bond portfolio at March 31, 2019 consists of ~~both~~$185.9 million taxable (primarily Build America Bonds) and $763.6 million oftax-exempt general obligation and revenue bonds. The following table presents additional information regarding the municipal bond type and issuer (at fair value):

TABLE 8. COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SECURITIES


	March 31, 2018				December 31, 2017				March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total
Municipal bond type:
General Obligation	$	622,511		68.8	$	630,824		68.9	$	646,077		68.0	$	690,463		67.8
Revenue		282,128		31.2		284,416		31.1		303,440		32.0		327,930		32.2

Total municipal bond portfolio	$	904,639		100.0	$	915,240		100.0	$	949,517		100.0	$	1,018,393		100.0


Municipal bond issuer:
State Issued	$	93,002		10.3	$	95,160		10.4	$	87,444		9.2	$	98,468		9.7
Local Issued		811,637		89.7		820,080		89.6		862,073		90.8		919,925		90.3

Total municipal bond portfolio	$	904,639		100.0	$	915,240		100.0	$	949,517		100.0	$	1,018,393		100.0

WesBanco’s municipal bond portfolio is broadly spread across the United States. The following table presents the top five states of municipal bond concentration based on total fair value at March 31, ~~2018:~~2019:

TABLE 9. CONCENTRATION OF MUNICIPAL SECURITIES


	March 31, 2018				March 31, 2019
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	Fair Value		% of Total		Fair Value		% of Total
Pennsylvania	$	192,508		21.3	$	187,439		19.7
Texas		103,670		11.5		104,746		11.0
Ohio		101,493		11.2		100,352		10.6
Kentucky						56,170		5.9
Illinois		46,457		5.1		43,339		4.6
West Virginia		34,379		3.8
All other states(1)		426,132		47.1		457,471		48.2

Total municipal bond portfolio	$	904,639		100.0	$	949,517		100.0

(1)	WesBanco’s municipal bond portfolio contains obligations in the state of West Virginia totaling $37.6 million or 4.0% of the total municipal portfolio.

WesBanco uses prices from independent pricing services and, to a lesser extent, indicative(non-binding) quotes from independent brokers, to measure the fair value of its securities. WesBanco validates prices received from pricing services or brokers using a variety of methods, including, but not limited to, comparison to secondary pricing services, corroboration of pricing by reference to other independent market data such as

secondary broker quotes and relevant benchmark indices, review of pricing by personnel familiar with market liquidity and other market-related conditions, review of pricing service methodologies, review of independent auditor reports received from the pricing service regarding its internal controls, and through review of inputs and assumptions used in pricing certain securities thinly traded or with limited observable data points. The procedures in place provide management with a sufficient understanding of the valuation models, assumptions, inputs and pricing to reasonably measure the fair value of WesBanco’s securities. For additional disclosure relating to fair value measurements, refer to Note 7,9, “Fair Value Measurement” in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

LOANS AND CREDIT RISK

Loans represent WesBanco’s single largest balance sheet asset classification and the largest source of interest income. Business purpose loans consist of commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans and other commercial and industrial (“C&I”) loans that are not secured by real estate. CRE loans are further segmented into land and construction loans, and loans for improved property. Consumer purpose loans consist of residential real estate loans, home equity lines of credit and other consumer loans. Loans held for sale generally consist of residential real estate loans originated for sale in the secondary market, but at times may also include other types of loans. The outstanding balance of each major category of the loan portfolio is summarized in Table 10.

The risk that borrowers will be unable or unwilling to repay their obligations and default on loans is inherent in all lending activities. Credit risk arises from many sources including general economic conditions, external events that impact businesses or industries, isolated events that impact a major employer, individual loss of employment or other personal hardships as well as changes in interest rates or the value of collateral. Credit risk is also impacted by a concentration of exposure within a geographic market or to one or more borrowers, industries or collateral types. The primary goal in managing credit risk is to minimize the impact of default by an individual borrower or group of borrowers. Credit risk is managed through the initial underwriting process as well as through ongoing monitoring and administration of the portfolio that varies by the type of loan. The Bank’s credit policies establish standard underwriting guidelines for each type of loan and require an appropriate evaluation of the credit characteristics of each borrower. This evaluation includes the borrower’s primary source of repayment capacity; the adequacy of collateral, if any, to secure the loan; the potential value of personal guarantees as secondary sources of repayment; and other factors unique to each loan that may increase or mitigate its risk. Credit bureau scores are also considered when evaluating consumer purpose loans as well as guarantors of business purpose loans. However, the Bank does not periodically update credit bureau scores subsequent to when loans are made to determine changes in credit history.

Credit risk is mitigated for all types of loans by continuously monitoring delinquency levels and pursuing collection efforts at the earliest stage of delinquency. The Bank also monitors general economic conditions, including employment, housing activity and real estate values in its market. The Bank also periodically evaluates and changes its underwriting standards when warranted based on market conditions, the historical performance of a category of the portfolio, or other external factors. Credit risk is also regularly evaluated for the impact of adverse economic and other events that increase the risk of default and the potential loss in the event of default to understand their impact on the Bank’s earnings and capital.

TABLE 10. COMPOSITION OF LOANS (1)


	March 31, 2018				December 31, 2017				March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	Amount		% of Loans		Amount		% of Loans		Amount		% of Loans		Amount		% of Loans
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction	$	440,896		7.0	$	392,597		6.2	$	505,127		6.6	$	528,072		6.9
Improved property		2,574,330		40.6		2,601,851		40.9		3,337,281		43.5		3,325,623		43.4

Total commercial real estate		3,015,226		47.6		2,994,448		47.1		3,842,408		50.1		3,853,695		50.3
Commercial and industrial		1,118,333		17.7		1,125,327		17.7		1,274,992		16.6		1,265,460		16.5
Residential real estate		1,345,993		21.2		1,353,301		21.3		1,628,067		21.2		1,611,607		21.0
Home equity		523,425		8.3		529,196		8.3		590,462		7.7		599,331		7.8
Consumer		319,561		5.0		339,169		5.3		330,152		4.3		326,188		4.3

Total portfolio loans		6,322,538		99.8		6,341,441		99.7		7,666,081		99.9		7,656,281		99.9
Loans held for sale		12,962		0.2		20,320		0.3		8,358		0.1		8,994		0.1

Total loans	$	6,335,500		100.0	$	6,361,761		100.0	$	7,674,439		100.0	$	7,665,275		100.0

(1)	Loans are presented gross of the allowance for loan losses and net of unearned income, credit valuation adjustments, and unamortized net deferred loan fee income and loan origination costs.

Total loans ~~decreased $26.3~~increased $9.2 million or ~~0.4%~~0.1% from December 31, ~~2017~~2018 while portfolio loans increased ~~$10.4 million~~$1.3 billion or ~~0.2%~~21.3% over the last twelve months. Total loan growth over the last twelve months was ~~driven by strategic focus categories with 1.8% growth in total commercial~~primarily due to the acquisitions of FTSB and FFKT. Total organic loans ~~and 3.0% growth in~~were down 1.3% year-over-year, resulting from lower home equity ~~loans, from expanded market areas and additional commercial personnel in our core markets. Secondary market~~ loan sales of residential mortgages continued to increase resulting in an increase in the gain on sale of mortgages and a reduction in residential mortgages retained in the portfolio. In addition, the consumer portfolio declinedbalances due to lower demand as a ~~reduced focus~~result of higher interest rates and ~~pricing adjustments for indirect installment loans.~~tax changes, elevated levels of commercial real estate loans that moved to the secondary financing market, and continued deleveraging by commercial customers reflective of the current operational environment and higher cash levels from tax reform.

Total loan commitments of ~~$2.0~~$2.5 billion, including loans approved but not closed, increased ~~$123.2~~$88.8 million or ~~6.6%~~3.7% from December 31, ~~2017~~2018 due primarily to loans approved but not closed. The line utilization percentage for the commercial portfolio was ~~47.7%~~47.8% at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~48.0%~~47.6% at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018.

The commercial portfolio is monitored for potential concentrations of credit risk by market, type of lending, CRE property type, C&I and owner-occupied CRE by industry, investment CRE dependence on common tenants and industries or property types that are similarly impacted by external factors.

At March 31, 2018 total exposure to core energy industries such as drilling, extraction, pipeline construction, mining equipment, investment real estate with energy-related tenants and other related support activities approximated $50.0 million or 0.63% of the total loan portfolio as compared to $55.2 million or 0.69% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2017. Exposure to ancillary industries such as utility distribution and transportation, engineering services, manufacturers and retailers of other heavy equipment used in core energy industries, approximates an additional $60.9 million in exposure or 0.76% of the total loan portfolio as compared to $65.3 million or 0.82% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2017. The largest exposure to any one borrower in either core energy or ancillary industries was $21.0 million to a company that operates as a natural gas distribution utility.

NON-PERFORMING ASSETS, IMPAIRED LOANS AND LOANS PAST DUE 90 DAYS OR MORE

Non-performing assets consist ofnon-accrual loans and TDRs, other real estate acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure, bank premises held for sale, and repossessed automobiles acquired to satisfy defaulted consumer loans.

TABLE 11.NON-PERFORMING ASSETS


*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Non-accrual loans:
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	800		$	239
Commercial real estate - improved property		10,821			13,318
Commercial real estate—land and construction							$	285		$	—
Commercial real estate—improved property								8,639			8,413
Commercial and industrial		2,373			2,958			3,212			3,260
Residential real estate		13,149			14,661			12,871			13,831
Home equity		4,540			4,762			4,813			4,610
Consumer		703			887			407			586

Totalnon-accrual loans (1)		32,386			36,825			30,227			30,700

TDRs accruing interest:
Commercial real estate - land and construction		—			—
Commercial real estate - improved property		1,602			1,650
Commercial real estate—land and construction								—			—
Commercial real estate—improved property								755			880
Commercial and industrial		123			128			162			168
Residential real estate		4,602			4,321			4,000			4,185
Home equity		431			407			506			426
Consumer		100			65			58			85

Total TDRs accruing interest (1)		6,858			6,571			5,481			5,744

Totalnon-performing loans	$	39,244		$	43,396		$	35,708		$	36,444

Other real estate owned and repossessed assets		4,067			5,297			6,001			7,265

Totalnon-performing assets	$	43,311		$	48,693		$	41,709		$	43,709

Non-performing loans/total portfolio loans		0.62	%		0.68	%		0.47	%		0.48	%
Non-performing assets/total assets		0.42	%		0.50	%		0.33	%		0.35	%
Non-performing assets/total portfolio loans, other real estate and repossessed assets		0.68	%		0.77	%		0.54	%		0.57	%

(1)	TDRs on nonaccrual of ~~$2.4 million and~~ $2.9 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively, are included in total nonaccrual loans.

Non-performing loans, which consist ofnon-accrual loans and TDRs, decreased ~~$4.2~~$0.7 million or ~~9.6%~~2.0%, from December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, primarily due to the paydown of one large ~~CRE~~residential real estate loan in the first quarter. TDRs ~~increased~~decreased slightly by $0.3 million due to ~~additions to the category~~normal repayments being slightly higher than ~~normal repayments.~~additions to the category. (Please see the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion.)

Other real estate owned and repossessed assets decreased ~~$1.2~~$1.3 million from December 31, ~~2017~~2018 primarily due to continued efforts to liquidate ~~properties.~~properties and write-downs on FFKT acquired other real estate owned.

The following table presents past due and accruing loans excludingnon-accrual and TDRs:

TABLE 12. PAST DUE AND ACCRUING LOANS EXCLUDINGNON-ACCRUAL AND TDRs


*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Loans past due 90 days or more:
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	172		$	—
Commercial real estate - improved property		364			243
Commercial real estate—land and construction							$	—		$	—
Commercial real estate—improved property								558			175
Commercial and industrial		21			20			221			13
Residential real estate		561			1,113			1,096			2,820
Home equity		251			742			730			705
Consumer		210			608			135			364

Total loans past due 90 days or more		1,579			2,726			2,740			4,077

Loans past due 30 to 89 days:
Commercial real estate - land and construction		—			172
Commercial real estate - improved property		4,727			316
Commercial real estate—land and construction								1,979			1,412
Commercial real estate—improved property								5,285			4,439
Commercial and industrial		684			721			861			878
Residential real estate		3,987			4,392			8,206			6,542
Home equity		2,765			2,281			2,778			3,344
Consumer		2,373			3,290			2,324			2,954

Total loans past due 30 to 89 days		14,536			11,172			21,433			19,569

Total 30 days or more	$	16,115		$	13,898		$	24,173		$	23,646

Loans past due 90 days or more and accruing to total portfolio loans		0.02	%		0.04	%		0.04	%		0.05	%
Loans past due30-89 days and accruing to total portfolio loans		0.23	%		0.18	%		0.28	%		0.26	%

Loans past due 30 days or more and accruing interest excludingnon-accruals and TDRs increased ~~$2.2~~$0.5 million or ~~16.0%~~2.2% from December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. These loans continue to accrue interest because they are both well-secured and in the process of collection. The increase in the 30 to 89 days past due status was primarily due to a ~~$4.4~~$1.7 million increase in the ~~commercial~~residential real estate category and represented ~~0.23%~~0.11% of total loans at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~0.18%~~0.09% at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Loans past due 90 days or more decreased ~~$1.1~~$1.3 million compared to December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and represented ~~0.02%~~0.04% of total loans at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~0.04%~~0.05% at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. The continued low levels of delinquency are the result of management’s continued focus on sound initial underwriting, timely collection of loans at their earliest stage of delinquency, stable unemployment and generally improved economic conditions.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The allowance for loan losses of ~~$46.3~~$48.9 million represented ~~0.73%~~0.64% of total portfolio loans at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~0.71%~~0.64% as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~0.70%~~0.73% as of March 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Included in the ratio are acquired ~~YCB~~FTSB and ~~ESB~~FFKT loans (recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition of ~~$1.7~~$1.5 billion) and the related allowance on ~~YCB~~FTSB and ~~ESB~~FFKT acquired loans of ~~$3.2 million~~$56 thousand at March 31, ~~2018. Excluding these acquired loans and the related allowance results in a more comparable coverage ratio to prior periods.~~2019 recorded since acquisitions.

The allowance for loans individually-evaluated ~~remained unchanged~~increased $93 thousand from December 31, ~~2017~~2018 to March 31, ~~2018 at $0.4 million.~~2019. The allowance for loans collectively-evaluated ~~increased~~decreased from December 31, ~~2017~~2018 to March 31, ~~2018~~2019 by ~~$1.1~~$0.2 million.

The allowance for loan commitments ~~of $0.6~~was $2.0 million at March 31, ~~2018 was unchanged~~2019 as compared to $0.7 million at December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, and is included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The increase in the allowance for loan commitments is due to one unfunded commitment with a credit relationship that was downgraded to classified status.

The allowance for credit losses by loan category, presented in Note 45 “Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses” toof the Consolidated Financial Statements, summarizes the impact of changes in various factors that affect the allowance for loan losses in each segment of the portfolio. The allowance for all segments is impacted by changes in loan balances, as well as changes in historical loss rates adjusted for qualitative factors such as economic conditions. The CRE and C&I segments of the portfolio are also impacted by changes in the risk grading distribution of the portfolio as well as the migration of CRE loans from land and construction to improved property upon the completion of construction.

The loss migration rate by internal risk grade is the primary factor for establishing the allowance for all commercial loans, and the portfolio segment loss history is the primary factor for establishing the allowance for residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans. The categorization of loans asnon-performing is not as significant a factor as the loss migration rate by risk grade or the segment loss history, although certainnon-performing loans that carry specific reserves are also typically considered classified under the internal risk grading system. Criticized and classified loans were ~~1.08%~~1.42% of total loans, ~~improving~~increasing from ~~1.35%~~1.08% at ~~March~~December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Criticized and classified loans ~~as a percent of total loans improved as overall credit quality continued to improve, enabling certain loans to be upgraded while others have paid down. Criticized and classified loans decreased $5.6~~increased $26.1 million from December 31, ~~2017~~2018 to ~~$68.4~~$109.1 million at March 31, ~~2018, with~~2019 primarily due to the ~~paydown and/or upgrade of several large CRE loans.~~post-acquisition loan grade review process and two larger downgraded relationships in the legacy loan portfolio.

Table 13 summarizes the allocation of the allowance for credit losses to each category of the loan portfolio. The ~~increase in the~~overall allowance for loans was relatively unchanged. The allowance for commercial ~~loans from December 31, 2017 is primarily~~and industrial loan commitments increased due to the downgrade of a commercial and industrial loan ~~growth in the CRE—land and construction category, while the overall allowance for retail loan categories was relatively unchanged.~~with a remaining undrawn commitment balance.

TABLE 13. ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES


*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	March 31, 2018		Percent of Total		December 31, 2017		Percent of Total		March 31, 2019		Percent of Total		December 31, 2018		Percent of Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	4,324		9.2	$	3,117		6.8
Commercial real estate - improved property		20,279		43.2		21,166		46.2
Commercial real estate—land and construction									$	4,045		7.9	$	4,039		8.1
Commercial real estate—improved property										19,915		39.2		20,848		42.0
Commercial and industrial		10,494		22.4		9,414		20.5		12,907		25.4		12,114		24.4
Residential real estate		3,252		6.9		3,206		7.0		3,745		7.4		3,822		7.7
Home equity		4,303		9.2		4,497		9.8		4,269		8.4		4,356		8.8
Consumer		3,067		6.5		3,063		6.7		2,780		5.5		2,797		5.6
Deposit account overdrafts		615		1.3		821		1.6		1,205		2.3		972		1.8

Total allowance for loan losses	$	46,334		98.7	$	45,284		98.6	$	48,866		96.1	$	48,948		98.4

Allowance for loan commitments:
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	176		0.4	$	119		0.3
Commercial real estate - improved property		21		0.0		26		0.1
Commercial real estate—land and construction									$	194		0.4	$	169		0.4
Commercial real estate—improved property										24		0.1		33		0.1
Commercial and industrial		176		0.4		173		0.4		1,443		2.8		262		0.5
Residential real estate		7		0.0		7		0.0		11		0.0		12		0.0
Home equity		208		0.4		212		0.5		248		0.5		226		0.5
Consumer		41		0.1		37		0.1		40		0.1		39		0.1

Total allowance for loan commitments		629		1.3		574		1.4		1,960		3.9		741		1.6

Total allowance for credit losses	$	46,963		100.0	$	45,858		100.0	$	50,826		100.0	$	49,689		100.0

Although the allowance for credit losses is allocated as described in Table 13, the total allowance is available to absorb actual losses in any category of the loan portfolio. However, differences between management’s estimation of probable losses and actual incurred losses in subsequent periods for any category may necessitate future adjustments to the provision for loan losses applicable to the category. Management believes the allowance for credit losses is appropriate to absorb probable losses at March 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

DEPOSITS

TABLE 14. DEPOSITS


*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		$ Change			% Change			March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		$ Change			% Change
Deposits
Non-interest bearing demand	$	1,950,619	$	1,846,748	$	103,871			5.6		$	2,511,140	$	2,441,041	$	70,099			2.9
Interest bearing demand		1,768,977		1,625,015		143,962			8.9			2,159,654		2,146,508		13,146			0.6
Money market		984,429		1,024,856		(40,427	)		(3.9	)		1,148,295		1,142,925		5,370			0.5
Savings deposits		1,314,632		1,269,912		44,720			3.5			1,672,967		1,645,549		27,418			1.7
Certificates of deposit		1,207,669		1,277,057		(69,388	)		(5.4	)		1,424,275		1,455,610		(31,335	)		(2.2	)

Total deposits	$	7,226,326	$	7,043,588	$	182,738			2.6		$	8,916,331	$	8,831,633	$	84,698			1.0

Deposits, which represent WesBanco’s primary source of funds, are offered in various account forms at various rates through WesBanco’s ~~172~~203 financial centers. The FDIC insures deposits up to $250,000 per account.

Total deposits increased by ~~$182.7~~$84.7 million or ~~2.6%~~1.0% during the first three months of ~~2018. Interest bearing demand,~~2019.~~non-interest~~Non-interest bearing demand, ~~and~~ savings deposits, ~~increased 8.9%, 5.6%,~~interest bearing demand and ~~3.5%, respectively, which more than offset the 3.9% decrease in~~ money market ~~deposits.~~deposits increased 2.9%, 1.7%, 0.6% and 0.5%, respectively. This ~~net~~ growth is primarily attributable to marketing, customer incentives, focused retail and business strategies to obtain more account relationships and customers’ preferences for shorter-term ~~maturities, coupled with deposits from~~maturities. Deposit balances were also impacted by bonus and royalty payments for Marcellus and Utica shale gas payments from energy companies in WesBanco’s southwestern Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and northern West Virginia markets. Money market deposits were influenced through WesBanco’s participation in the Insured Cash Sweep ~~(ICS~~^®(ICS®) money market deposit program. ~~ICS~~^®ICS® reciprocal balances totaled ~~$63.1~~$60.5 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~$65.9~~$61.4 million at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. In addition, public funds increased in the first quarter due to the seasonality of local and municipal governmental tax receipts.

Certificates of deposit decreased ~~$69.4~~$31.3 million due primarily to the effects of an overall corporate strategy designed to increase and remix retail deposit relationships and reducing single-service customers with a focus on overall products that can be offered at a lower cost to WesBanco. The decline was also impacted by lower offered rates on certain maturing certificates of deposit in a rising rate environment and customer preferences for othernon-maturity deposit types. WesBanco does not generally solicit brokered or other depositsout-of-market or over the internet, but does participate in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Services (CDARS^®) ~~program and the Insured Cash Sweep (ICS~~^®~~) money market deposit~~ program. CDARS^® balances totaled ~~$74.2~~$40.7 million in outstanding balances at March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, of which ~~$54.3~~$17.0 million representedone-way buys, compared to ~~$105.0~~$49.4 million in total outstanding balances at December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, of which ~~$72.7~~$22.0 million representedone-way buys. Certificates of deposit greater than $250,000 were approximately ~~$208.0~~$320.6 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~$216.4~~$323.2 million at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more were approximately ~~$532.8~~$671.4 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~$581.6~~$684.6 million at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Certificates of deposit totaling approximately ~~$694.4~~$806.4 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 with a cost of ~~0.76%~~1.15% are scheduled to mature within the next 12 months. WesBanco intends to continue to focus on its core deposit strategies and improving its overall mix of transaction accounts to total deposits. From time to time, the Bank may offer special promotions or match competitor rates on certain certificates of deposit maturities and savings products based on competition, sales strategies, liquidity needs and wholesale borrowing costs.

BORROWINGS

TABLE 15. BORROWINGS


*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		$ Change		% Change		March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		$ Change			% Change
Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings	$	1,166,939	$	948,203	$	218,736		23.1	$	1,031,796	$	1,054,174	$	(22,378	)		(2.1	)
Other short-term borrowings		207,653		184,805		22,848		12.4		301,547		290,522		11,025			3.8
Subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt		164,379		164,327		52		0.0		179,632		189,842		(10,210	)		(5.4	)

Total	$	1,538,971	$	1,297,335	$	241,636		18.6	$	1,512,975	$	1,534,538	$	(21,563	)		(1.4	)

While borrowings are a significant source of funding for WesBanco, they are less significant as compared to total deposits. During the first quarter of ~~2018,~~2019, FHLB borrowings ~~increased $218.7~~decreased $22.4 million, as ~~$375.0 million advances offset $155.8~~$122.4 million in ~~maturities.~~maturities, other principal paydowns and purchase accounting amortization offset $100.0 million in new advances. In addition, WesBanco extended the maturities of approximately ~~$155.0~~$100.0 million of maturing FHLB borrowings in the first quarter with a prior cost of approximately ~~1.29%~~1.86%, at current short-term FHLB rates approximating ~~2.43%~~2.59% - ~~2.75%~~2.68%.

Other short-term borrowings, which may consist of ~~securities sold under agreements to repurchase and~~ federal funds purchased, ~~at March 31, 2018, but may also include notes payable,~~callable repurchase agreements, overnight sweep checking accounts, and borrowings on a revolving line of credit, were ~~$207.7~~$301.5 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~$184.8~~$290.5 million at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. The increase is primarily due to a ~~$27.8~~$6.4 million increase in ~~securities sold under~~callable repurchase agreements, ~~to repurchase, which was partially offset by the repayments of $5.0~~coupled with a $4.6 million increase in overnight sweep checking accounts. At March 31, 2019, there were no outstanding federal funds ~~purchased outstanding~~purchased.

Subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt were $179.6 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $189.8 million at December 31, ~~2017.~~ 2018. The decrease is primarily a result of the redemption of $10.3 million in junior subordinated debt during the first three months of 2019 from the FFKT acquisition. On May 1, 2019, WesBanco is redeeming $23.2 million in junior subordinated debt acquired from FFKT in 2018.

WesBanco has a revolving line of credit, which is a senior obligation of the parent company, with another financial institution. This line of credit, which accrues interest at an adjusted LIBOR rate, provides for aggregate unsecured borrowings of up to $25.0 million. There was no outstanding balance at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 or December 31, ~~2017. Rates have generally increased over the past year on all borrowing types due to the federal funds and LIBOR rate increases that have occurred since early 2017.~~2018.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

WesBanco enters into financial instruments withoff-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, letters of credit, loans approved but not closed, overdraft limits and contingent obligations to purchase loans funded by other entities. Since many of these commitments expire unused or partially used, these commitments may not reflect future cash requirements. Please refer to Note ~~10,~~13, “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities,” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the “Loans and Credit Risk” section of this MD&A for additional information.

CAPITAL RESOURCES

Shareholders’ equity increased ~~$7.7~~$44.3 million or ~~0.6%~~2.2% from ~~$1.4~~$2.0 billion at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. The increase resulted primarily from net income during the current three-month period of ~~$33.5~~$40.3 million and a $19.8 million reduction in other comprehensive income losses, which was partially offset by ~~$14.5 million other comprehensive loss and~~ the declaration of common shareholder dividends totaling ~~$12.8~~$16.9 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. WesBanco also increased its quarterly dividend rate to ~~$0.29~~$0.31 per share in February, representing ~~an 11.5%~~a 6.9% increase over the prior quarterly rate and a cumulative ~~107%~~121% increase since 2010.

WesBanco did not purchase any shares during the three-month period ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 under the current share repurchase plans. At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the remaining shares authorized to be purchased under the current repurchase plans totaled ~~1,107,297~~1,092,535 shares.

On February ~~22, 2018,~~27, 2019, WesBanco granted 12,000 Total Shareholder Return Plan (“TSR”) shares for the performance period beginning January 1, ~~2018~~2019 and ending December 31, ~~2020~~2021 to certain executives. The award is determined at the end of the three-year period if the TSR of WesBanco common stock is equal to or greater than the 50^th percentile of the TSR of the peer group. The number of shares to be earned by the participant shall be 200% of the grant-date award if the TSR of WesBanco common stock is equal to or greater than the 75^th percentile of the TSR of the peer group. Upon achieving the market-based metric, shares determined to be earned by the participant become time-based and vest in three equal annual installments.

Regulatory guidelines require bank holding companies and commercial banks to maintain certain minimum capital ratios and define companies as “well capitalized” that sufficiently exceed the minimum ratios. At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, regulatory capital levels for both the Bank and WesBanco were substantially greater than the minimum amounts needed to be considered “well capitalized” under the regulations. There are various legal limitations under federal and state laws that limit the payment of dividends from the Bank to WesBanco. As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, under FDIC regulations, WesBanco could receive, without prior regulatory approval, a dividend of approximately ~~$51.9~~$115.7 million from the Bank. WesBanco ~~intends~~expects to continue to improve its consolidated and Bank capital ratios as necessary over time, to fund organic growth and acquisitions, primarily from retaining a majority of its ~~increasing~~ earnings.

The following table summarizes risk-based capital amounts and ratios for WesBanco and the Bank for the periods indicated:


							March 31, 2018							December 31, 2017													March 31, 2019							December 31, 2018
*(unaudited, dollars in thousands)*	Minimum Value⁽¹⁾			Well Capitalized⁽²⁾			Amount		Ratio			Minimum Amount⁽¹⁾		Amount		Ratio			Minimum Amount⁽¹⁾		Minimum Value⁽¹⁾			Well Capitalized ⁽²⁾			Amount		Ratio			Minimum Amount ⁽¹⁾		Amount		Ratio			Minimum Amount ⁽¹⁾
WesBanco, Inc.
Tier 1 leverage		4.00	%		5.00	%	$	997,327		10.56	%	$	377,827	$	970,425		10.39	%	$	373,566		4.00	%		5.00	%	$	1,276,504		10.98	%	$	465,164	$	1,258,605		10.74	%	$	468,824
Common equity Tier 1		4.50	%		6.50	%		859,327		12.33	%		313,611		834,554		12.14	%		309,298		4.50	%		6.50	%		1,124,004		13.47	%		375,195		1,096,105		13.14	%		375,254
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets		6.00	%		8.00	%		997,327		14.31	%		418,148		970,425		14.12	%		412,397		6.00	%		8.00	%		1,276,504		15.31	%		500,261		1,258,605		15.09	%		500,338
Total capital to risk-weighted assets		8.00	%		10.00	%		1,069,510		15.35	%		557,530		1,042,124		15.16	%		549,863		8.00	%		10.00	%		1,352,527		16.22	%		667,014		1,333,503		15.99	%		667,118
WesBanco Bank, Inc.
Tier 1 leverage		4.00	%		5.00	%	$	887,798		9.42	%	$	377,142	$	869,227		9.32	%	$	372,900		4.00	%		5.00	%	$	1,130,289		9.74	%	$	464,374	$	1,108,600		9.48	%	$	467,939
Common equity Tier 1		4.50	%		6.50	%		887,798		12.75	%		313,273		869,227		12.66	%		308,900		4.50	%		6.50	%		1,130,289		13.56	%		375,104		1,108,600		13.30	%		375,117
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets		6.00	%		8.00	%		887,798		12.75	%		417,698		869,227		12.66	%		411,866		6.00	%		8.00	%		1,130,289		13.56	%		500,138		1,108,600		13.30	%		500,156
Total capital to risk-weighted assets		8.00	%		10.00	%		959,981		13.79	%		556,930		940,303		13.70	%		549,155		8.00	%		10.00	%		1,206,312		14.47	%		666,851		1,183,498		14.20	%		666,874

(1)	Minimum requirements to remain adequately capitalized.

(2)	Well-capitalized under prompt corrective action regulations.

LIQUIDITY RISK

Liquidity is defined as a financial institution’s capacity to meet its cash and collateral obligations at a reasonable cost. Liquidity risk is the risk that an institution’s financial condition or overall safety and soundness is adversely affected by an inability, or perceived inability, to meet its obligations. An institution’s obligations, and the funding sources to meet them, depend significantly on its business mix, balance sheet structure, and the cash flows of itson- andoff-balance sheet obligations. Institutions confront various internal and external situations that can give rise to increased liquidity risk including funding mismatches, market constraints on funding sources, contingent liquidity events, changes in economic conditions, and exposure to credit, market, operation, legal and reputation risk. WesBanco actively manages liquidity risk through its ability to provide adequate funds to meet changes in loan demand, unexpected outflows in deposits and other borrowings as well as to take advantage of market opportunities and meet operating cash needs. This is accomplished by maintaining liquid assets in the form of securities, sufficient borrowing capacity and a stable core deposit base. Liquidity is centrally monitored by WesBanco’s Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”).

WesBanco determines the degree of required liquidity by the relationship of total holdings of liquid assets to the possible need for funds to meet unexpected deposit losses and/or loan demands. The ability to quickly convert assets to cash at a minimal loss is a primary function of WesBanco’s investment portfolio management. WesBanco believes its cash flow from the loan portfolio, the investment portfolio, and other sources, adequately meet its liquidity requirements. WesBanco’s net loans to assets ratio was ~~61.3%~~60.4% at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and deposit balances funded ~~70.5%~~70.8% of assets.

The following table lists the sources of liquidity from assets at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 expected within the next year:


*(unaudited, in thousands)*
Cash and cash equivalents	$	100,845	$	336,894
Securities with a maturity date within the next year and callable securities		199,244		296,873
Projected payments and prepayments on mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (1)		208,799		244,100
Loans held for sale		12,962		8,358
Accruing loans scheduled to mature		914,959		1,088,626
Normal loan repayments		1,041,516		1,858,135

Total sources of liquidity expected within the next year	$	2,478,325	$	3,832,986

(1)	Projected prepayments are based on current prepayment speeds.

Deposit flows are another principal factor affecting overall WesBanco liquidity. Deposits totaled ~~$7.2~~$8.9 billion at March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Deposit flows are impacted by current interest rates, products and rates offered by WesBanco versus various forms of competition, as well as customer behavior. Certificates of deposit scheduled to mature within one year totaled ~~$694.4~~$806.4 million at March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, which includes jumbo regular certificates of deposit totaling ~~$292.5~~$377.1 million with a weighted-average cost of ~~1.06%~~1.68%, and jumbo CDARS^® deposits of ~~$48.3~~$21.4 million with a weighted-average cost of ~~1.20%~~1.45%.

WesBanco maintains a line of credit with the FHLB as an additional funding source. Available credit with the FHLB approximated $2.3 billion at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017 approximated $1.6 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively.~~2018. The FHLB requires securities to be specifically pledged to the FHLB and maintained in a FHLB-approved custodial arrangement if the member wishes to include such securities in the maximum borrowing capacity calculation. WesBanco has elected not to specifically pledge to the FHLB otherwise unpledged securities. At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Bank had unpledgedavailable-for-sale securities with an amortized cost of ~~$516.9~~$431.9 million. A portion of these securities could be sold for additional liquidity, or such securities could be pledged to secure additional FHLB borrowings. Available liquidity through the sale of~~available-for-sale~~ investment securities is currently limited, toas only approximately ~~30.1%~~20.6% of theavailable-for-sale portfolio ~~which~~ is unpledged, due to the pledging agreements that WesBanco has with their public deposit customers. Public deposit balances have increased significantly through the ESB, YCB, FTSB and ~~YCB acquisitions in the past three years.~~FFKT acquisitions. WesBanco’sheld-to-maturity portfolio currently contains ~~$654.5~~$628.4 million of unpledged securities. ~~However, most~~Most of ~~the balance represents~~these securities aretax-exempt municipal ~~bonds,~~securities, which can only be pledged in limited circumstances. ~~Unless in compliance with~~Except for certain ~~criteria,~~limited, special circumstances, these securities cannot be sold without tainting the remainder of theheld-to-maturity portfolio. If tainting occurs, all remaining securities with theheld-to-maturity designation would be required to ~~move to~~be reclassified asavailable-for-sale, and theheld-to-maturity designation would ~~not~~no longer be available to WesBanco for some time.

WesBanco participates in the Federal Reserve Bank’sBorrower-in-Custody Program (“BIC”) whereby WesBanco pledges certain consumer loans as collateral for borrowings. At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, WesBanco had a BIC line of credit totaling ~~$187.6~~$175.8 million, none of which was outstanding. Alternative funding sources may include the utilization of existing overnight lines of credit with third party banks totaling ~~$285.0~~$275.0 million, none of which ~~$20.0 million~~ was outstanding at March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, along with seeking other lines of credit, borrowings under repurchase agreement lines, increasing deposit rates to attract additional funds, accessing brokered deposits, or selling securitiesavailable-for-sale or certain types of loans.

Other short-term borrowings of ~~$207.7~~$301.5 million at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 consisted of callable repurchase agreements and overnight sweep checking accounts for large commercial ~~customers, and federal funds purchased.~~customers. There has not been a significant fluctuation in the average deposit balances of the overnight sweep checking accounts during ~~2018.~~the first three months of 2019. The overnight sweep checking accounts require U.S. Government securities to be pledged equal to or greater than the average deposit balance in the related customer accounts.

The principal sources of parent company liquidity are dividends from the Bank, ~~$84.7~~$131.1 million in cash and investments on hand, and a $25.0 million revolving line of credit with another bank, which did not have an outstanding balance at March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. WesBanco is in compliance with all loan covenants. There are various legal limitations under federal and state laws that limit the payment of dividends from the Bank to the parent company. As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, under FDIC and State of West Virginia regulations, WesBanco could receive, without prior regulatory approval, dividends of approximately ~~$51.9~~$115.7 million from the Bank. Management believes these are appropriate levels of cash for ~~WesBanco~~the parent company given the current environment. Management continuously monitors the adequacy of parent company cash levels and sources of liquidity through the use of metrics that relate current cash levels to historical and forecasted cash inflows and outflows.

WesBanco had outstanding commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business approximating ~~$1.9 billion and $1.8~~$2.4 billion at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017, respectively.~~2018. On a historical basis, only a ~~small~~ portion of these commitments will result in an outflow of funds. Please refer to Note ~~10,~~13, “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities,” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the “Loans and Loan Commitments” section of this MD&A for additional information.

Federal financial regulatory agencies previously ~~have~~ issued guidance in 2009 to provide for sound practices for managing funding and liquidity risk and strengthening liquidity risk management practices. WesBanco maintains a comprehensive management process for identifying, measuring, monitoring, and controlling liquidity risk, which is fully integrated into its risk management process. Management believes WesBanco has sufficient current liquidity to meet current obligations to borrowers, depositors and others ~~as of March 31, 2018~~ and that WesBanco’s current liquidity risk management policies and procedures adequately address this guidance.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The disclosures set forth in this item are qualified by the section captioned “Forward-Looking Statements” included in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this report.

MARKET RISK

The primary objective of WesBanco’s ~~ALCO~~Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”) is to maximize net interest income within established policy parameters. This objective is accomplished through the management of balance sheet composition, market risk exposures arising from changing economic conditions and liquidity risk.

Market risk is defined as the risk of loss due to adverse changes in the fair value of financial instruments resulting from fluctuations in interest rates and ~~equity~~bond prices. Management considers interest rate risk to be WesBanco’s most significant market risk. Interest rate risk is the exposure to adverse changes in net interest income due to changes in interest rates. The relative consistency of WesBanco’s net interest income is largely dependent on effective management of interest rate risk. As interest rates change in the market, rates earned on interest ~~rate sensitive~~rate-sensitive assets and rates paid on interest ~~rate sensitive~~rate-sensitive liabilities do not necessarily move concurrently. Differing rate sensitivities may arise because fixed rate assets and liabilities may not have the same maturities, or because variable rate assets and liabilities differ in the timing and/or the percentage of rate changes.

WesBanco’s ALCO is a Board-level committee with Board and executive management representation, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Risk Management Officer and Senior Treasury Officer. It is responsible for monitoring and managing interest rate risk within Board-approved policy limits. Interest rate risk is monitored through the use of an earnings sensitivity simulation model and an economicvalue-at-risk model, measuring the fair value of net shareholders’ equity. These models are highly dependent on various assumptions, which change regularly as the balance sheet and market interest rates change. The key assumptions and strategies employed are analyzed and reviewed at least quarterly by the ALCO, while appropriate documentation is maintained.

The earnings sensitivity simulation model projects changes in net interest income resulting from the effect of changes in interest rates. Forecasting changes in net interest income requires management to make certain assumptions regarding loan and security prepayment rates, ~~security~~ call dates, changes to ~~variousnon-maturity~~ deposit product betas andnon-maturity deposit decay rates, which may not necessarily reflect the manner in which actual cash flows, yields, and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. Assumptions ~~used~~ are based on historical experience, current market rates and economic forecasts and are periodically back-tested and reviewed by a third-party ~~consultants.~~consultant. The net interest income sensitivity results presented in Table 1, “Net Interest Income Sensitivity,” assumes that the balance sheet composition of interest sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the end of the period remains constant over the period being measured and also assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve, regardless of the duration of the maturity orre-pricing of specific assets and liabilities. Since the assumptions used in the model relative to changes in interest rates are uncertain, the simulation analysis may not be indicative of actual results. In addition, this analysis does not consider ~~all~~ actions that management might employ in response to changes in interest rates as well as changes in earning asset and costing liability balances.

Management is aware of the significant effect that inflation or deflation has upon interest rates and ultimately upon financial performance. WesBanco’s ability to cope with inflation or deflation is best determined by analyzing its capability to respond to changing market interest rates, as well as its ability to manage the various elements ofnon-interest income and expense during periods of increasing or decreasing inflation or deflation. WesBanco monitors the level and mix of interest-rate sensitive assets and liabilities through ALCO in order to reduce the impact of inflation or deflation on net interest income. Management also controls the effects of inflation or deflation by conducting periodic reviews of the prices and terms of its various products and services, both in terms of the costs to offer the services as well as outside market influences upon such pricing, by introducing new products and services or reducing the availability of existing products and services, and by controlling overhead expenses.

Interest rate risk policy limits are determined by measuring the anticipated change in net interest income over a twelve-month period, assuming immediate and sustained market interest rate increases and decreases of 100 - 400 basis points across the entire yield curve, compared to a stable rate environment or base model. WesBanco’s current policy limits this exposure for the noted interest rate changes to a reduction of between 10% - 20% or less of net interest income from the stable rate base model over a twelve-month period. The table below shows WesBanco’s interest rate sensitivity at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, assuming the above-noted interest rate increases as compared to a base model. In the current ~~lower~~ interest rate environment, particularly for short-term rates, the ~~200 and~~ 300 - 400 basis point decreasing ~~change~~changes for both years are not shown due to the unrealistic nature of results associated with short-term negative rates.

TABLE 1. NET INTEREST INCOME SENSITIVITY


Immediate Change in Interest Rates (basis points)	Percentage Change in Net Interest Income from Base over One Year		ALCO Guidelines
Immediate Change in Interest Rates (basis points)	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017	ALCO Guidelines
Immediate Change in Interest Rates				Percentage Change in Net Interest Income from Base over One Year		ALCO
(basis points)				March 31, 2019	December 31, 2018	Guidelines
+400	9.0%	8.3%	(20.0%)	10.7%	7.6%	(20.0%)
+300	7.0%	6.2%	(15.0%)	8.3%	6.4%	(15.0%)
+200	4.5%	4.0%	(12.5%)	5.6%	3.9%	(12.5%)
+100	2.4%	2.4%	(10.0%)	3.0%	2.1%	(10.0%)
-100	(2.7%)	(3.0%)	(10.0%)	(2.3%)	(2.1%)	(10.0%)
-200				(7.3%)	(5.8%)	(12.5%)

As per the table above, the earnings sensitivity simulation model at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 currently projects that net interest income for the next twelve-month period would decrease by ~~2.7%~~2.3% - 7.3% if interest rates were to fall immediately by 100 - 200 basis points, compared to a decrease of ~~3.0% for the same scenario~~2.1% - 5.8% as of December 31, ~~2017.~~

2018. For rising rate scenarios, net interest income would increase by between ~~2.4%~~3.0% - ~~9.0%~~10.7% if rates were to increase by between 100 - 400 basis points as of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, compared to increases of between ~~2.4%~~2.1% - ~~8.3% in a 100 - 400 basis point increasing rate environment~~7.6% as of December 31, ~~2017. If rates were~~2018.

In addition to ~~increase over aone-year~~ ~~period instead of an instantaneous shock,~~the aforementioned earnings sensitivity simulation model, which management feels is a more practical scenario, than for a 200 basis point increasing rate ramp analysis, the model projects that net interest income would increase 2.1% over the next twelve months, as compared to a 2.2% increase at the end of 2017.

~~Management also~~ utilizes a ~~“Most Likely”~~parallel rate shock scenario, ALCO also reviews a “dynamic” forecast scenario to project net interest income over a rollingtwo-year time ~~frame.~~period. This forecast is updated ~~and reviewed~~at least quarterly, incorporating revisions and updated assumptions into the model ~~such as~~for estimated loan and deposit growth, expected balance sheetre-mixing strategies, changes in ~~base~~ forecasted rates for various maturities, competitive market spreads for various products and other assumptions. Such modeling ~~helps to predict~~assists in predicting changes in forecasted outcomes and necessary adjustments to the plan to ~~achieve management’s~~assist in achieving stated earnings goals.

The balance sheet shows ~~slightly~~somewhat higher asset sensitivity as of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, as compared to December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, with differences resulting from changes in the mix of, and growth in, various earning assets and costing liabilities, as well as adjustments for various modeling assumptions such as deposit beta rates, decay rates fornon-maturity deposits and loan prepayment speeds. Generally, deposit betas ~~have increased over time~~utilized in the ~~model, while~~parallel rate shock and “dynamic” models are estimated to be higher for future rate increases, if any, than the Bank’s experience to date through nine federal funds rate increases since December 2015, four of which occurred in 2018. The total deposit beta for interest-bearing transaction accounts, other than certificates of deposit, was 24% for the trailing twelve months. Deposit decay rates and loan prepayment speeds ~~have also increased to reflect various loan classifications’ propensity to prepay over time. Management believes that overall~~are adjusted periodically for loans andnon-maturity deposit products. Overall asset sensitivity innon-parallel rising rate scenarios may be ~~somewhat neutralized~~mitigated due to slower prepayment speeds, rate floors, lower than forecasted increases to loan yields, spread compression between new asset yields and funding costs, extension risk associated with ~~residential mortgages and~~ mortgage-related ~~securities,~~assets and other ~~earning asset and costing liability differences versus currently modeled assumptions.~~differences. Commercial ~~loan~~loans with floors currently average ~~4.10%~~4.23% on approximately ~~$1.2~~$1.5 billion or 29% of total commercial loans at March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, as compared to ~~$1.2~~$1.5 billion averaging 4.27% or ~~30%~~29% of commercial loans at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Approximately ~~43%~~38% or ~~$525.4~~$555.6 million of these loans are currently priced at their floor, as compared to ~~45%~~38% or ~~$552.6~~$570.5 million at December 31, ~~2017. In a less than 100 basis point rising rate environment, these~~2018. These loans ~~may~~typically do not adjust as rapidly from their current floor level as compared to loans without ~~floors.~~floors, due to the amount of the rate change as compared to the floor rate, or for reasons related to next repricing dates.

The net interest margin ~~has decreased by 4~~increased 30 basis points ~~for~~year-over-year and decreased four basis points from the ~~three month period ended March 31,~~fourth quarter of 2018. The first quarter increase from last year’s first quarter was due to increased short-term rates, highernon-interest bearing deposits, lower than projected deposit betas and the contribution from FFKT’s higher margin assets post-acquisition, plus higher purchase accounting from both 2018 ~~compared to last year, as thetax-exempt~~ ~~securities portfoliotax-equivalent~~ ~~rate adjustment from 35% to 21% caused a reduction in the overall~~acquisitions. The core net interest margin, ~~by 6 basis points. New securities purchased at current rates helped~~net of purchase accounting-related accretion, was 3.49% in the first quarter as compared to ~~offset this reduction. In addition, highernon-interest~~ ~~bearing demand deposits~~3.32% last year and ~~limited increases in other deposit categories resulted in margin improvement that limited~~3.49% for the ~~decrease from~~fourth quarter. Currently, the ~~tax equivalency calculation. The opportunity for margin expansion is dependent on additional~~ federal funds ~~increases~~market is beginning to anticipate future Federal Reserve Board rate decreases, which if such interest rate environment occurs, would result in lower net interest income and margin, as the Company remains somewhat asset sensitive. The currentflat-to-inverted yield curve environment has reduced our base case assumption about net interest income for the remainder of the year as compared to expectations in the fourth quarter. It is currently expected that the net interest margin in 2019 will remain relatively flat on a core basis and, on a total basis including purchase accounting accretion, will decline by one to two basis points per quarter throughout the year from an expected level ofmid-teen basis points in purchase accounting accretion in the second quarter. Management currently anticipates no change in the federal funds rate in 2019, which is relatively consistent with Federal Reserve Board and consensus economist expectations. The shape of the yield curve, in addition to continued execution of our business strategy to grow certain loan categories and remixing higher cost borrowings and CDs into lower cost transaction accounts, while controlling transaction account betas as rates rise. In addition, net purchase accounting accretion is expected to decrease slightly throughout 2018, requiring loan growth and/or rate increases to offset such impact. Management currently anticipates that two to three additional short-term federal funds rate increases may occur by the end of 2018, relatively consistent with market and consensus economist expectations. Delays in implementing further rate increases, or increases to deposit betas or rates beyond ~~our~~ current modeling assumptions, ~~for existing accounts, typically would~~or adjustments to the mix of earning assets and costing liabilities may have a negative impact on management’s estimates of the future direction and level of the net interest margin.

~~Customers over the past few years have moved maturing CD balances to lower-costing transaction accounts as well as intonon-deposit~~ products. A portion of these lower-cost transaction account balances may migrate to higher-costing CDs or money market accounts as short-term rates continue to increase. Runoff of CDs from prior acquisitions, many of which were customers with single service relationships have been replaced with FHLB and other short-term borrowings. Certificates of deposit totaling approximately ~~$694.4~~$806.4 million mature within the next year at an average cost of ~~0.76%. Maturing~~1.15%; replacement borrowings ~~in 2018~~are currently more expensive than the average runoff rate of these certificates of deposit. Also, maturing borrowings’ replacement rates are generally higher than the cost of the maturing borrowings’ average rate, and management may ~~be lengthened~~elect to lengthen the maturing borrowings’ terms at a higher cost ~~than the maturing borrowings’ average rate. In addition, with the pending First Sentry Bancshares acquisition,~~for liquidity and asset/liability management ~~is no longer intent on controlling the total size of the balance sheet in order~~purposes. Transaction account growth helps to ~~remain under $10 billion in total assets,~~control such factors and ~~increased investment purchases in the first quarter resulted in an increasedperiod-end~~ ~~total asset amount of $10.2 billion.~~limit overall deposit costs.

The Bank has significant additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB of Pittsburgh, the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and various correspondent banks, and may utilize these funding sources or interest rate swap strategies as necessary to lengthen liabilities, ~~to help~~ offset mismatches in various asset maturities and manage liquidity. CDARS^® and ICS^® deposits also may be ~~used~~utilized for similar purposes ~~as well as~~ for certain customers seeking higher-yielding instruments or maintaining deposit levels below ~~individual~~ FDIC insurance limits.

~~Current~~ Significant balance sheet strategies to ~~manage~~assist in managing the net interest margin in the ~~expected rate~~current environment include:

increasing total loans, particularly commercial and home equity loans that have variable or adjustable features;

selling a ~~greater portion~~percentage of longer-term residential mortgage loan production into the secondary market;

growing demand deposit account types to increase the relative portion of these account types to total deposits;

employingback-to-back loan swaps for certain commercial loan customers desiring a term fixed rate loan equivalent with the Bank receiving a variable rate;

extending FHLB ~~term~~short-term maturing borrowings to balance asset/liability mismatches;

•

using the CDARS^®and ICS^® deposit programs to manage funding needs and overall liability mix, and

~~managing~~

adjusting the ~~overall~~ size, mix or duration of the investment portfolio as part of ~~overall~~ liquidity and balance sheet management strategies.

WesBanco also periodically measures the economic value of equity, which is defined as the market value of tangible equity in various rate scenarios. At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the market value of tangible equity as a percent of base in a 200 basis point rising rate environment indicates a decrease of ~~7.0%~~4.7%, compared to an increase of 10.8% at December 31, 2018. In a 200 basis point falling rate environment at March 31, 2019, the model indicates a decrease of 1.3%, compared to a decrease of ~~1.8%~~2.3% as of December 31, 2018. In a 100 basis point rising rate environment at March 31, 2019, the model indicates a decrease of 1.7%, compared to a decrease of 4.8% at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. In a 100 basis point falling rate environment, ~~at March 31, 2018,~~ the model indicates an increase of ~~0.1%,~~1.0% at March 31, 2019, as compared to ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~3.1% as of~~2.7% at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. WesBanco’s policy is to limit such change to minus 10% increments for each 100 basis point change in interest rates. Generally, changes in the economic value of equity relate to changes in various assets and liabilities, as well as changes in loan prepayment speeds and deposit decay rates.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES—WesBanco’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) have concluded that WesBanco’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules13a-15(e) and15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), based on their evaluation of these controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form10-Q, are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by WesBanco in the reports it files under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to WesBanco’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

LIMITATIONS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTROLS—WesBanco’s management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that WesBanco’s disclosure controls and internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. While WesBanco’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objective, no control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROLS—There were no changes in WesBanco’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 as required to be reported by paragraph (d) of Rules13a-15 and15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, WesBanco’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

WesBanco is involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While any litigation contains an element of uncertainty, WesBanco does not believe that a material loss related to such proceedings or claims pending or known to be threatened is reasonably possible.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, WesBanco had two active one million share stock repurchase plans. The first plan was originally approved by the Board of Directors on March 21, 2007 and the second, which is incremental to the first, was approved October 22, 2015. Each provides for shares to be repurchased for general corporate purposes, which may include a subsequent resource for potential acquisitions, shareholder dividend reinvestment and employee benefit plans. The timing, price and quantity of purchases are at the discretion of WesBanco, and the plan may be discontinued or suspended at any time.

The following table presents the monthly share purchase activity during the quarter ended March 31, ~~2018:~~2019:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans		Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans
Balance at December 31, 2017								1,107,297

January 1, 2018 to January 31, 2018
Balance at December 31, 2018																1,092,535
January 1, 2019 to January 31, 2019
Open market repurchases										—		—		—		1,092,535
Other transactions (1)										23,625	$	38.13		N/A		N/A
February 1, 2019 to February 28, 2019
Open market repurchases										—		—		—		1,092,535
Other transactions (1)										7,564	$	41.46		N/A		N/A
March 1, 2019 to March 31, 2019
Open market repurchases		—		—		—		1,107,297		—		—		—		1,092,535
Other transactions (1)		16,669	$	41.31		N/A		N/A		1,622	$	40.25		N/A		N/A

February 1, 2018 to February 28, 2018
Open market repurchases		—		—		—		1,107,297
Other transactions (1)		1,628	$	41.81		N/A		N/A

March 1, 2018 to March 31, 2018
Open market repurchases		—		—		—		1,107,297
Other transactions (1)		1,374	$	43.26		N/A		N/A


First Quarter 2018
First Quarter 2019
Open market repurchases		—		—		—		1,107,297		—		—		—		1,092,535
Other transactions (1)		19,671	$	41.49		N/A		N/A		32,811	$	39.00		N/A		N/A

Total		19,671	$	41.49		—		1,107,297		32,811	$	39.00		—		1,092,535

(1)	Consists of open market purchases transacted for employee benefit and dividend reinvestment plans.

N/A – Not applicable

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


~~2.1~~		Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between WesBanco, Inc., WesBanco Bank, Inc., Farmers Capital Bank Corporation and United Bank & Capital Trust Company. (Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 20, 2018.)

~~10.1~~		~~Form of Change in Control Agreement by and between WesBanco, Inc., WesBanco Bank, Inc. and Ivan Burdine (incorporated by reference to Form8-K~~ ~~filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 5, 2013)*.~~

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Periodic Report Pursuant to Rule13a-15(e) or Rule15d-15(e).

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Periodic Report Pursuant to Rule13a-15(e) or Rule15d-15(e).

32.1		Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101		The following materials from WesBanco’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

*	~~Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or agreement.~~

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


				WESBANCO, INC.

Date: ~~April 30, 2018~~				~~/s/ Todd F. Clossin~~
May 1, 2019				/s/ Todd F. Clossin
				Todd F. Clossin
				President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: ~~April 30, 2018~~				~~/s/ Robert H. Young~~
May 1, 2019				/s/ Robert H. Young
				Robert H. Young
				Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

5458


	Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
	Fair Value		Valuation	Unobservable	Range (Weighted
*(unaudited, in thousands)*	Estimate		Techniques	Input	Average)
March 31, 2018
Impaired loans	$	1,717	Appraisal of collateral ⁽¹⁾	Appraisal adjustments ⁽²⁾	(4.8%) / (4.8%)
				Liquidation expenses ⁽²⁾	(7.6%) / (7.6%)
Other real estate owned and repossessed assets		4,067	Appraisal of collateral ^(1), (3)
December 31, 2017:
Impaired loans	$	1,717	Appraisal of collateral ⁽¹⁾	Appraisal adjustments ⁽²⁾	(4.8%) / (4.8%)
				Liquidation expenses ⁽²⁾	(7.6%) / (7.6%)
Other real estate owned and repossessed assets		5,297	Appraisal of collateral ^(1), (3)

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