UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM

10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~March 31,~~

June 30, 2019

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number:

001-36545

INTERSECT ENT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		20-0280837
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)


1555 Adams Drive Menlo Park , California		94025
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(650)

641-2100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class:	Trading symbol(s)	Name of Exchange on Which registered:
Common Stock , 0.001 par value	XENT	The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes

☒

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 ofRegulation

S-T (§

(§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes

☒

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a

non-accelerated

filer, a smaller reporting company, an emerging growth company, or an emerging growth company.

See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” “emerging growth company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule

12b-2

of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐

~~Non-accelerated~~ ~~filer~~	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined inRule

12b-2

of the Exchange Act). Yes

☐

☒

Shares of common stock outstanding as of ~~April 30,~~July 31, 2019 were ~~31,246,267.~~

31,472,755.

Table of Contents

INTERSECT ENT, INC.

Form10-Q – QUARTERLY REPORT

For the Quarter Ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION			1
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)			1
Balance Sheets as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018			1
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018			2
Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018			3
Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018			4
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements			5
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			11
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			15
~~Item 4. Controls and Procedures~~			16

~~PART II. OTHER INFORMATION~~Item 4. Controls and Procedures			16

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION			17
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			1617
Item 1A. Risk Factors			1617
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			38
~~Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities~~			38
~~Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures~~	��		39
~~Item 5. Other Information~~			39
Item ~~6. Exhibits~~3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities			39

~~SIGNATURES~~Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures			4039
Item 5. Other Information			39
Item 6. Exhibits			39

SIGNATURES			41

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

~~ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INTERSECT ENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share data)

   March 31,
2019    December 31,
2018
   (unaudited)    (1)
Assets
Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
   $ 8,593    $ 9,464
Short-term investments,available-for-sale
   88,993    91,309
Accounts receivable, net
   17,331    19,616
Inventory
   13,916    11,586
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   2,372    2,695




Total current assets
   131,205    134,670
Property and equipment, net
   5,975    5,878
Othernon-current assets
   1,861    413




Total assets
   $ 139,041    $ 140,961




Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable
   $ 4,240    $ 6,202
Accrued compensation
   13,180    12,281
Other current liabilities
   2,674    1,250




Total current liabilities
   20,094    19,733
Othernon-current liabilities
   200    234




Total liabilities
   20,294    19,967
Commitments and contingencies (note 9)

Stockholders’ equity:

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value;

Authorized shares: 10,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; Issued and outstanding shares: none
   —      —
Common stock, $0.001 par value;

Authorized shares: 150,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; Issued and outstanding shares: 31,162 at March 31, 2019 and 30,745 at December 31, 2018
   31    31
Additionalpaid-in capital
   317,247    308,766
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
   36    (41 )
Accumulated deficit
   (198,567 )    (187,762 )




Total stockholders’ equity
   118,747    120,994




Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
   $ 139,041    $ 140,961


	June 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018
	(unaudited)			(1)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,358		$	9,464
Short-term investments, available-for-sale		84,114			91,309
Accounts receivable, net		15,529			19,616
Inventory		15,689			11,586
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,998			2,695

Total current assets		126,688			134,670
Property and equipment, net		6,113			5,878
Other non-current assets		1,264			413

Total assets	$	134,065		$	140,961

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,786		$	6,202
Accrued compensation		9,725			12,281
Other current liabilities		2,442			1,250

Total current liabilities		15,953			19,733
Other non-current liabilities		44			234

Total liabilities		15,997			19,967
Commitments and contingencies (note 9)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value;
Authorized shares: 10,000 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018;
Issued and outstanding shares: no ne		—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value;
Authorized shares: 150,000 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018;
Issued and outstanding shares: 31,469 at June 30, 2019 and 30,745 at December 31, 2018		31			31
Additional paid-in capital		327,891			308,766
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		97			(41	)
Accumulated deficit		(209,951	)		(187,762	)

Total stockholders’ equity		118,068			120,994

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	134,065		$	140,961

(1)	Amounts have been derived from the December 31, 2018 audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

INTERSECT ENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

   Three Months Ended
March 31,
   2019 2018
Revenue
   $ 26,673 $ 24,723
Cost of sales
   4,645 5,482


Gross profit
   22,028 19,241
Operating expenses:

Selling, general and administrative
   27,207 21,516
Research and development
   6,266 4,273


Total operating expenses
   33,473 25,789


Loss from operations
   (11,445 ) (6,548 )
Interest income and other, net
   640 412


Net loss
   (10,805 ) (6,136 )
Other comprehensive income (loss):

Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments, net
   77 (65 )


Comprehensive loss
   $ (10,728) $ (6,201 )


Net loss per share, basic and diluted
   $ (0.35) $ (0.21)


Weighted average common shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted
   30,918 29,878


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue	$	26,659		$	26,300		$	53,332		$	51,023
Cost of sales		5,046			5,558			9,691			11,040

Gross profit		21,613			20,742			43,641			39,983

Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		27,611			21,005			54,818			42,521
Research and development		6,041			4,374			12,307			8,647

Total operating expenses		33,652			25,379			67,125			51,168

Loss from operations		(12,039	)		(4,637	)		(23,484	)		(11,185	)
Interest income and other, net		655			477			1,295			889

Net loss		(11,384	)		(4,160	)		(22,189	)		(10,296	)
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on short-term investments, net		61			70			138			5

Comprehensive loss	$	(11,323	)	$	(4,090	)	$	(22,051	)	$	(10,291	)

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.36	)	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.71	)	$	(0.34	)

Weighted average common shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted		31,362			30,264			31,141			30,072

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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INTERSECT ENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

         Additional
Accumulated
Other
Total
   Common Stock    Paid-in
Capital    Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Accumulated
Deficit Stockholders’
Equity
   Shares    Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018
   30,745    $ 31    $ 308,766    $ (41 ) $ (187,762 ) $ 120,994
Issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options
   417    —      4,467    —   —   4,467
Stock-based compensation expense
   —      —      4,014    —   —   4,014
Unrealized gain on short-term investments
   —      —      —      77 —   77
Net loss
   —      —      —      —   (10,805 ) (10,805 )








Balance at March 31, 2019
   31,162    $ 31    $ 317,247    $ 36 $ (198,567 ) $ 118,747









Balance at December 31, 2017
   29,678    $ 30    $ 282,121    $ (92 ) $ (164,840 ) $ 117,219
Issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options
   421    —      4,224    —   —   4,224
Stock-based compensation expense
   —      —      3,138    —   —   3,138
Unrealized loss on short-term investments
   —      —      —      (65 ) —   (65 )
Net loss
   —      —      —      —   (6,136 ) (6,136 )








Balance at March 31, 2018
   30,099    $ 30    $ 289,483    $ (157 ) $ (170,976 ) $ 118,380


							Accumulated
					Additional		Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive			Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)			Deficit			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018		30,745	$	31	$	308,766	$	(41	)	$	(187,762	)	$	120,994
Issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options		417		—		4,467		—			—			4,467
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		4,014		—			—			4,014
Unrealized gain on short-term investments		—		—		—		77			—			77
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(10,805	)		(10,805	)

Balance at March 31, 2019		31,162		31		317,247		36			(198,567	)		118,747
Issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options		307		—		4,964		—			—			4,964
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		5,680		—			—			5,680
Unrealized gain on short-term investments		—		—		—		61			—			61
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(11,384	)		(11,384	)

Balance at June 30, 2019		31,469	$	31	$	327,891	$	97		$	(209,951	)	$	118,068

Balance at December 31, 2017		29,678	$	30	$	282,121	$	(92	)	$	(164,840	)	$	117,219
Issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options		421		—		4,224		—			—			4,224
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		3,138		—			—			3,138
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		—		—		—		(65	)		—			(65	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(6,136	)		(6,136	)

Balance at March 31, 2018		30,099		30		289,483		(157	)		(170,976	)		118,380
Issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options		336		—		4,484		—			—			4,484
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		3,605		—			—			3,605
Unrealized gain on short-term investments		—		—		—		70			—			70
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(4,160	)		(4,160	)

Balance at June 30, 2018		30,435	$	30	$	297,572	$	(87	)	$	(175,136	)	$	122,379

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

INTERSECT ENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

   Three Months Ended
March 31,
   2019 2018
Operating activities:

Net loss
   $ (10,805 ) $ (6,136 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization
   588 414
Amortization ofright-of-use assets
   266 —
Stock-based compensation expense
   3,869 3,138
Amortization of net investment discount
   (377 ) (83 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Accounts receivable, net
   2,285 2,322
Inventory
   (2,184 ) (24 )
Prepaid expenses and other assets
   182 144
Accounts payable
   (1,295 ) (406 )
Accrued compensation
   899 (2,983 )
Other liabilities
   (320 ) (6 )


Net cash used in operating activities
   (6,892 ) (3,620 )
Investing activities:

Purchases of short-term investments
   (42,539 ) (31,502 )
Maturities of short-term investments
   45,310 21,282
Purchases of property and equipment
   (1,217 ) (344 )


Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
   1,554 (10,564 )
Financing activities:

Proceeds from issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options
   4,467 4,873


Net cash provided by financing activities
   4,467 4,873


Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
   (871 ) (9,311 )
Cash and cash equivalents:

Beginning of the period
   9,464 19,837


End of the period
   $ 8,593 $ 10,526


Non-cash investing activities:

Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for lease obligations
   $ 117 $ —
Property and equipment included in accounts payable
   346 21
Lessor funded building improvements
   152 —


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2019			2018
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(22,189	)	$	(10,296	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,269			837
Amortization of right-of-use assets		555			—
Stock-based compensation expense		9,366			6,743
Amortization of net investment discount		(790	)		(254	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		4,087			1,949
Inventory		(3,774	)		(659	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		713			375
Accounts payable		(1,842	)		(470	)
Accrued compensation		(2,556	)		(4,454	)
Other liabilities		(707	)		(260	)

Net cash used in operating activities		(15,868	)		(6,489	)

Investing activities:
Purchases of short-term investments		(69,342	)		(68,583	)
Maturities of short-term investments		77,465			58,232
Purchases of property and equipment		(1,792	)		(549	)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		6,331			(10,900	)

Financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options		9,431			9,355

Net cash provided by financing activities		9,431			9,355

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(106	)		(8,034	)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of the period		9,464			19,837

End of the period	$	9,358		$	11,803

Non-cash investing activities:
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	117		$	—
Property and equipment included in accounts payable		440			183
Lessor funded building improvements		152			—

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1.	Organization

Description of Business

Intersect ENT, Inc. (the “Company”) is incorporated in the state of Delaware and its facilities are located in Menlo Park, California. The Company is a commercial drug delivery company committed to improving the quality of life for patients with ear, nose and throat conditions. The Company’s U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved products are steroid releasing implants designed to treat patients suffering from chronic sinusitis who are managed by ear, nose and throat (“ENT”) physicians. These products include the PROPEL^{®
family of products (PROPEL^{®
, PROPEL^{®
Mini and PROPEL^{®
Contour) and the SINUVA^{® (mometasone
(mometasone furoate) Sinus Implant. The PROPEL family of products are used in conjunction with sinus surgery primarily in hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers and SINUVA is designed to be used in the physician’s office setting of care to treat patients who have had ethmoid sinus surgery yet suffer from recurrent sinus obstruction due to polyps. In addition, the Company received FDA approval to market the new PROPEL Mini Straight Delivery System in July 2019, designed to facilitate implant placement in the ethmoid sinus. The PROPEL family of products are devices approved under the Premarket Approval (“PMA”) and SINUVA is a drug that was approved under a New Drug Application (“NDA”). In addition, Intersect ENT continues to invest in research and development of new products and product improvements.}}}}}

2.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Preparation

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The functional currency of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary Intersect ENT GmbH, which the Company established in June 2018, is the U.S. dollar. Transaction gains and losses are included in interest income and other, net, on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The interim financial data as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, is unaudited and is not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the interim data includes only normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial results for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to SEC rules and regulations relating to interim financial statements.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form

10-K (“

(“Annual Report”) for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the financial statements. Management uses significant judgment when making estimates related to its revenue related allowances, common stock valuation and related stock-based compensation, as well as certain accrued liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no significant changes to the accounting policies during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, as compared to the significant accounting policies described in Note 2 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report, except as described below.

Leases

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 842,

Leases,

on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method. In addition, the Company elected certain practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed it to carryforward its historical long-term lease classification, its assessment on whether a contract is or contains a lease and the treatment of its initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to the adoption of Topic 842. In determining the lease term at commencement date, any renewal or termination options are considered if they are reasonably assured of exercise. The Company has elected to exclude from its condensed consolidated balance sheet any leases having a term of 12 months or less. The Company

Table of Contents

recorded a

right-of-use

leased asset of approximately $1.6 million and a corresponding lease liability of $2.2 million in its adoption of Topic 842. In addition, as of the adoption date, the Company derecognized a deferred rent obligation of approximately $0.6 million. There was

cumulative effect adjustment upon the adoption of Topic 842.

The results for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 are presented under Topic 842. The results for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018 and other prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting under prior lease guidance, ASC Topic 840:

Leases (“

(“Topic 840”).

For agreements with a term of more than twelve months, the Company determines if an agreement is a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities represent an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease agreement. Operating lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the remaining lease term. In determining the present value of lease payments, the Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate as the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term, of an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Operating lease liabilities are included in other current and

non-current

liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Right-of-use

assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and are classified as other

non-current

assets. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no significant changes to the disclosures in the recent accounting pronouncements during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, as compared to the recent accounting pronouncements described in Note 2 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report.

3.	Composition of Certain Financial Statement Items

Accounts Receivable (in thousands):

   March 31,
2019    December 31,
2018
Accounts receivable
   $ 17,400    $ 19,696
Allowance for doubtful accounts
   (69 )    (80 )




   $ 17,331    $ 19,616


	June 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Accounts receivable	$	15,626		$	19,696
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(97	)		(80	)

	$	15,529		$	19,616

Inventory (in thousands):

   March 31,
2019    December 31,
2018
Raw materials
   $ 2,246    $ 1,872
Work-in-process
   68    368
Finished goods
   11,602    9,346




   $ 13,916    $ 11,586


	June 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Raw materials	$	2,407	$	1,872
Work-in-process		283		368
Finished goods		12,999		9,346

	$	15,689	$	11,586

Capitalized stock-based compensation expense of ~~$0.7~~$0.9 million and $0.6 million were included in inventory as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Revenue (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
PROPEL family of products	$	25,563	$	25,788	$	51,295	$	50,251
SINUVA		1,096		512		2,037		772

	$	26,659	$	26,300	$	53,332	$	51,023

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4.	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments

The following is a summary of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments,

available-for-sale,

by type of instrument (in thousands):

   March 31,
2019    December 31,
2018
   Amortized    Gross Unrealized Estimated    Amortized    Gross Unrealized Estimated
   Cost    Gains    Losses Fair Value    Cost    Gains    Losses Fair Value
Cash
   $ 5,202    $ —      $ —   $ 5,202    $ 4,168    $ —      $ —   $ 4,168
Money market funds
   2,139    —      —   2,139    2,308    —      —   2,308
Corporate debt securities
   39,595    21    (3 ) 39,613    45,177    5    (17 ) 45,165
Commercial paper
   50,614    19    (1 ) 50,632    49,161    —      (29 ) 49,132












   $ 97,550    $ 40    $ (4 ) $ 97,586    $ 100,814    $ 5    $ (46 ) $ 100,773












Reported as:

Cash and cash equivalents
         $ 8,593          $ 9,464
Short-term investments,available-for-sale

      88,993          91,309




         $ 97,586          $ 100,773


	June 30,									December 31,
	2019									2018
	Amortized		Gross Unrealized					Estimated		Amortized		Gross Unrealized					Estimated
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value		Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
Cash	$	5,532	$	—	$	—		$	5,532	$	4,168	$	—	$	—		$	4,168
Money market funds		3,826		—		—			3,826		2,308		—		—			2,308
Corporate debt securities		47,250		53		(9	)		47,294		45,177		5		(17	)		45,165
Commercial paper		36,767		53		—			36,820		49,161		—		(29	)		49,132

	$	93,375	$	106	$	(9	)	$	93,472	$	100,814	$	5	$	(46	)	$	100,773

Reported as:
Cash and cash equivalents								$	9,358								$	9,464
Short-term investments, available-for-sale									84,114									91,309

								$	93,472								$	100,773

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had

investments with a contractual maturity of greater than one year.

Based on an evaluation of securities that have been in a loss position, the Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment charges during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and year ended December 31, 2018. The Company considered various factors which included a credit and liquidity assessment of the underlying securities and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the underlying securities until the estimated date of recovery of its amortized cost.

5.	Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, including cash equivalents and short-term investments,available-for-sale. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is established as a basis for considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:



Level 1 –		Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.


Level 2 –		Other inputs that are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be derived from observable market data.


Level 3 –		Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activities, which would require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments

The following is a summary of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments,

available-for-sale,

by type of instrument measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

   March 31,
2019    December 31,
2018
   Level 1    Level 2    Level 3    Total    Level 1    Level 2    Level 3    Total
Cash
   $ 5,202    $ —      $ —      $ 5,202    $ 4,168    $ —      $ —      $ 4,168
Money market funds
   2,139    —      —      2,139    2,308    —      —      2,308
Corporate debt securities
   —      39,613    —      39,613    —      45,165    —      45,165
Commercial paper
   —      50,632    —      50,632    —      49,132    —      49,132
















   $ 7,341    $ 90,245    $ —      $ 97,586    $ 6,476    $ 94,297    $ —      $ 100,773
















Reported as:

Cash and cash equivalents
            $ 8,593             $ 9,464
Short-term investments,available-for-sale
            88,993             91,309




            $ 97,586             $ 100,773


	June 30,								December 31,
	2019								2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash	$	5,532	$	—	$	—	$	5,532	$	4,168	$	—	$	—	$	4,168
Money market funds		3,826		—		—		3,826		2,308		—		—		2,308
Corporate debt securities		—		47,294		—		47,294		—		45,165		—		45,165
Commercial paper		—		36,820		—		36,820		—		49,132		—		49,132

	$	9,358	$	84,114	$	—	$	93,472	$	6,476	$	94,297	$	—	$	100,773

Reported as:
Cash and cash equivalents							$	9,358							$	9,464
Short-term investments, available-for-sale								84,114								91,309

							$	93,472							$	100,773

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There were

transfers

in and out of Level 1 and Level 2 during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and year ended December 31, 2018.

Leases

The Company’s headquarters is leased under an operating lease agreement entered into in March 2012 and expires in

May ~~2020.~~ 2020

This lease is for

50,400

square feet and includes a renewal provision allowing the Company to extend this lease for an additional three years at 95% of the then-current fair market rental rate.

Exercise of this extension option was not considered reasonably assured nor reasonably certain and has therefore been excluded from the estimated remaining lease term. In

March 2019

, the Company entered into an additional operating lease agreement for 10,000 square feet of warehouse space which also expires in May ~~2020.~~2020. Both operating lease agreements require the Company to pay executory costs such as real estate taxes, insurance and repairs.

Right-of-use

assets (in thousands):

   March 31,
2019
Upon the adoption of Topic 842
   $ 1,572
Additional warehouse operating lease
   117
Less: accumulated amortization
   (266 )


   $ 1,423


	June 30,
	2019
Upon the adoption of Topic 842	$	1,572
Additional warehouse operating lease		117
Less: accumulated amortization		(555	)

	$	1,134

Operating lease liabilities (in thousands):

   March 31,
2019
Current portion included in other current liabilities
   $ 1,786
Non-current portion included in othernon-current liabilities
   156


   $ 1,942


	June 30,
	2019
Current portion included in other current liabilities	$	1,512
Non-current portion included in other non-current liabilities		—

	$	1,512

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 was ~~$0.4~~$0.9 million and was included in net cash used in operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Future minimum annual operating lease payments are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Years Ending December 31,
   March 31,
2019
2019 (remaining)
   $ 1,247
2020
   782
Thereafter
   —


Total minimum payments
   2,029
Less: present value adjustment
   (87 )


Total
   $ 1,942


	June 30,
Fiscal Years Ending December 31,	2019
2019 (remaining)	$	783
2020		782
Thereafter		—

Total minimum payments		1,565
Less: present value adjustment		(53	)

Total	$	1,512

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, the weighted average remaining lease term is ~~1.2~~0.9 years. Rent expense was ~~$0.5~~$1.1 million and $1.0 million during ~~each of~~ the ~~three month periods~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and ~~2018.~~

2018, respectively.

7.	Stock-based Compensation Expense

2014 Equity Incentive Plan

In July 2014, the Company’s board of directors approved the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2015, and continuing through and including January 1, 2024, by 3% of the total number of shares of the Company’s capital

stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, or a lesser number of shares determined by the Company’s board of directors. On January 1, 2019, the total number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance increased by 920,190 shares to 8,965,704 shares.

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A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information (options in thousands):

   Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
   Options    Weighted Average
Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of period
   3,688    $ 20.84
Granted
   815    31.18
Exercised
   (284 )    15.74
Forfeited
   (77 )    23.48



Outstanding, end of period
   4,142    23.18



Exercisable
   1,945    18.87


	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2019
				Weighted Average
	Options			Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of period		3,688		$	20.84
Granted		1,099			29.93
Exercised		(505	)		15.29
Forfeited		(170	)		26.21

Outstanding, end of period		4,112			23.73

Exercisable		1,959			19.82

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, the aggregate

pre-tax

intrinsic value of options outstanding was ~~$40.0~~$13.7 million and options outstanding and exercisable was ~~$26.5~~$9.7 million, as calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock at the end of the period, the weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding was 7.8 years and options outstanding and exercisable was 6.6 years. The aggregate

pre-tax

intrinsic value of options exercised was ~~$5.1~~$8.5 million and ~~$7.9~~$13.8 million during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information (RSUs in thousands):

   Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
   RSUs    Weighted Average
Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of period
   350    $ 24.92
Awarded
   205    32.42
Vested
   (133 )    22.07
Forfeited
   (14 )    25.49



Outstanding, end of period
   408    29.60


	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2019
				Weighted Average
	RSUs			Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of period		350		$	24.92
Awarded		364			29.16
Vested		(142	)		23.34
Forfeited		(36	)		28.38

Outstanding, end of period		536			27.98

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, the aggregate

pre-tax

intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding was ~~$13.1~~$12.2 million, calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock at the end of the period, and the weighted-average remaining contractual term of RSUs outstanding was ~~2.4~~1.8 years.

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized is as follows (in thousands):

   Three Months Ended
March 31,
   2019    2018
Cost of sales
   $ 236    $ 260
Selling, general and administrative
   2,974    2,366
Research and development
   659    512




   $ 3,869    $ 3,138


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Cost of sales	$	246	$	330	$	482	$	590
Selling, general and administrative		4,440		2,646		7,414		5,012
Research and development		811		629		1,470		1,141

	$	5,497	$	3,605	$	9,366	$	6,743

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, the amount of unearned stock-based compensation currently estimated to be expensed through the year 2023 related to unvested employee stock-based awards was ~~$37.8~~$38.0 million and the weighted average period over which the unearned stock-based compensation is expected to be recognized was ~~2.9~~2.4 years. If there are any modifications or ~~cancellations~~forfeitures of the underlying unvested securities, the Company may be required to accelerate, increase or ~~cancel~~decrease any remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense.

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2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In July 2014, the Company’s board of directors approved the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2014 ESPP”). A total of 496,092 shares were initially reserved for issuance under the 2014 ESPP. In June 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the Amended and Restated 2014 ESPP, increasing the total number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2014 ESPP by 1,200,000 shares to a total of 1,696,092 shares (the “Amended and Restated 2014 ESPP”). ~~During~~A total of 77,355 shares were issued during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31, 2019, no shares were issued.~~

June 30, 2019.

8.	Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and common stock equivalent shares from dilutive stock options, employee stock purchases and restricted stock units outstanding during the period. Because the Company has reported a net loss for all periods presented, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for those periods as all potentially dilutive securities were antidilutive in those periods.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computations of weighted average shares outstanding because such securities have an antidilutive impact due to losses reported (in common stock equivalent shares, in thousands):

   Three Months Ended
March 31,
   2019    2018
Common stock options
   4,142    4,087
Restricted stock units
   408    371
Employee stock purchase plan shares
   74    190




   4,624    4,648


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Common stock options		4,112		3,819		4,112		3,819
Restricted stock units		536		354		536		354
Employee stock purchase plan shares		75		102		75		102

		4,723		4,275		4,723		4,275

9.	Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnifications. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but have not yet been made. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such amounts can be reasonably estimated.

Indemnification

The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains provisions limiting the liability of directors, and its amended and restated bylaws provide that the Company will indemnify each of its directors to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law. The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws also provide its board of directors with discretion to indemnify its officers and employees when determined appropriate by the board. In addition, the Company has entered and expects to continue to enter into agreements to indemnify its directors and executive officers.

Litigation

~~The Company is not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.~~

The Company may at times be involved in litigation and other legal claims in the ordinary course of business. When appropriate in the Company’s estimation, it may record reserves in its financial statements for pending litigation and other claims.

On or about May 15, 2019, a purported stockholder of the Company, Avi Yaron, filed a putative class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, entitled

Yaron v. Intersect ENT, Inc., et al.,

Case No. 3:19-cv-02647, against the Company and certain individual officers alleging violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The complaint alleges that the Company and the individual officers made false and/or misleading statements about the Company’s business and seeks unspecified damages and attorneys’ fees. On July 15, 2019, the purported stockholder filed a motion to be appointed lead plaintiff. The court has set a hearing date to decide that motion for November 1, 2019. Once a lead plaintiff is appointed, the Company expects the lead plaintiff to file an amended complaint. The Company believes this lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend against it. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has not recorded a contingent liability associated with this lawsuit, as the Company has not determined that a loss is probable. In addition, any possible loss or range of loss, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements include statements that may relate to our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future revenues or performance, capital expenditures, financing needs and other information that is not historical information. All forward-looking statements are based upon our current expectations and various assumptions. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, those discussed in “Part II

—

Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
as well as in our condensed consolidated financial statements, related notes and the other information appearing elsewhere in this report and our other filings with the SEC. We do not intend, and undertake no obligation, to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this report to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. You should read the following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this report, as well as our financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form
10-K,
or Annual Report, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019.

When we refer to “we,” “our,” “us” or “Intersect ENT” in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q,
we mean Intersect ENT, Inc., unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires.

Overview

We are a commercial drug delivery company committed to improving the quality of life for patients with ear, nose and throat conditions. Our U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, approved products are steroid releasing implants designed to treat adult patients suffering from chronic sinusitis, who are managed by ENT physicians. These products include our PROPEL^{®
family of products (PROPEL^{®
, PROPEL^{®
Mini and PROPEL^{®
Contour) and the SINUVA^{® (mometasone
(mometasone furoate) Sinus Implant. The PROPEL family of products are used in conjunction with sinus surgery primarily in hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers and SINUVA is designed to be used in the physician’s office setting of care to treat adult patients who have had ethmoid sinus surgery yet suffer from recurrent sinus obstruction due to polyps. In addition, we received FDA approval to market our new PROPEL Mini Straight Delivery System in July 2019, designed to facilitate implant placement in the ethmoid sinus. The PROPEL family of products are devices approved under a Premarket Approval, or PMA and SINUVA is a drug that was approved under a New Drug Application, or NDA.}}}}}

Our PROPEL family of steroid releasing implants are clinically proven to improve outcomes for chronic sinusitis patients following sinus surgery. PROPEL implants mechanically prop open the sinuses and release mometasone furoate, an advanced corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties, directly into the sinus lining, and then dissolve. PROPEL’s safety and effectiveness is supported by Level

1-A

clinical evidence from multiple clinical trials, which demonstrates that PROPEL implants reduce inflammation and scarring after surgery, thereby reducing the need for postoperative oral steroids and repeat surgical interventions. More than 300,000 patients have been treated with PROPEL products

to-date.

PROPEL clinical outcomes have been reported in a meta-analysis of prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical studies to improve surgical outcomes, demonstrating a 35% relative reduction in the need for postoperative interventions compared to surgery alone. A physician may treat a patient with PROPEL by inserting it into the ethmoid sinuses. PROPEL is a self-expanding implant designed to conform to and hold open the surgically enlarged sinus while gradually releasing an anti-inflammatory steroid over a period of approximately 30 days and is absorbed into the body over a period of approximately six weeks.

PROPEL Mini has also been shown by our clinical studies to reduce the need for postoperative interventions, including a 38% relative reduction in the need for postoperative interventions in the frontal sinus, compared to surgery alone with standard postoperative care. PROPEL Mini is a smaller version of PROPEL and is approved for use in both the ethmoid and frontal sinuses. PROPEL Mini is preferentially used by physicians compared with PROPEL when treating smaller anatomies or following less extensive procedures.

PROPEL Contour is designed to facilitate treatment of the frontal and maxillary sinus ostia, or openings, of the dependent sinuses in procedures performed in both the operating room and in the office setting of care. PROPEL Contour’s lower profile, hourglass shape and malleable delivery system are designed for use in the narrow and difficult to access sinus ostia. In PROPEL Contour’s pivotal clinical study, the product demonstrated a 65% relative reduction in the need for postoperative interventions in the frontal sinus ostia compared to surgery alone with standard postoperative care.

SINUVA, when placed during a routine physician office visit, expands into the sinus cavity and delivers an anti-inflammatory steroid directly to the site of polyp disease for 90 days. We have studied SINUVA in 4 clinical trials in over 400 patients

to-date.

Results from the pivotal RESOLVE II randomized clinical trial demonstrated a 74% relative reduction in bilateral polyp grade (a measurement of the extent of ethmoid polyp disease) and a 30% relative reduction in nasal obstruction and congestion for patients

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treated with SINUVA compared to a control group treated with a sham procedure, receiving no implant. Patients in both arms of the

study were required to use an intranasal steroid spray daily. In addition, the study demonstrated a 61% reduction in the proportion of patients indicated for revision surgery at day 90. To supplement clinical trials performed with SINUVA

to-date,

in which one course of SINUVA treatment was evaluated, we commenced the ENCORE study in November 2017. ENCORE was a

50-patient

multicenter, open-label study focused on evaluation of the safety of repeat placement of SINUVA in a population of chronic sinusitis patients with nasal polyps. Study findings showed no serious adverse events related to the implants during the measurement period and no serious adverse events related to repeat placement.

Our PROPEL family of products are used almost exclusively in the operating room of a hospital or ambulatory surgery center. These providers receive a facility fee for the sinus surgery procedure which is intended to pay for supplies used in this procedure, including the PROPEL family of products. Reimbursement submissions to cover the cost of SINUVA may be reported to payors using the unassigned Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System, or HCPCS, code J3490. We applied to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, for a product-specific J code for SINUVA, and ~~on April 26,~~in July 2019, CMS announced ~~that they intend~~their final decision to establish a new J code described as ~~“Mometasone~~“J7401 Mometasone furoate sinus implant, 10 micrograms.” CMS ~~has~~ also ~~indicated~~made a ~~preliminary~~final decision to eliminate the S1090 code, which was previously assigned to ~~PROPEL. When CMS issues its final decision in November 2019, we expect~~PROPEL, because they ~~will issue further explanation of their decision~~view it as duplicative to ~~eliminate the S1090 code, which will help us better understand the implications to our business.~~

J7401.

We continue to invest in research and development of new products and product improvements. We commenced a clinical trial in December 2018 of a new pipeline product, the investigational ASCEND drug-coated sinus balloon. The ASCEND study is a prospective, randomized, blinded, multi-center trial of 70 patients that will assess the safety and efficacy of our ASCEND product. The ASCEND product will be randomized against an uncoated balloon and, similar to clinical studies for our PROPEL family of products, the primary endpoint will be evaluated at 30 days. This study will assess the ASCEND product’s ability to improve patency rates, as well as a number of other endoscopic parameters. If successful, we expect that ASCEND would be submitted to the FDA under the PMA pathway for potential approval. We believe that the ASCEND drug-coated balloon would be complementary to our current commercial products.

We are continuing to grow and develop our sales force in order to expand our communication of the benefits of our commercial products to our physician customers. We seek to grow our revenue by increasing the frequency of use of our products among current physician customers and by adding new physician users.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

Our revenue has been derived almost exclusively from the sales of our PROPEL family of products, with limited sales of SINUVA beginning in March 2018. We expect our revenue to increase as we continue to expand our sales, marketing and reimbursement efforts in order to increase usage of our products. We also expect revenue from our PROPEL family of products to fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to seasonal variations in the volume of sinus surgery procedures performed, which has been impacted historically by factors including the status of patient healthcare insurance plan deductibles and the seasonal nature of allergies which can impact sinus-related symptoms. In addition, revenue from SINUVA may fluctuate because we recognize estimated product sales discounts, rebates, returns and other allowances as a reduction of revenue in the same period the related revenue is recognized. We will adjust these estimates if actual allowances vary from our estimates, which would affect revenue in the period such variances become known.

Our revenue is almost entirely derived from within the United States and no single customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenue during the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

We manufacture our PROPEL family of products and SINUVA in our facility in Menlo Park, California. Cost of sales consists primarily of manufacturing overhead costs, material costs, direct labor and other direct costs such as shipping costs. A significant portion of our cost of sales currently consists of manufacturing overhead costs. These overhead costs include compensation, including stock-based compensation and other operating expenses associated with the cost of quality assurance, material procurement, inventory control, facilities, information technology, equipment and operations supervision and manufacturing and warehouse management. We expect cost of sales to increase in absolute dollars primarily as, and to the extent, our revenue ~~grows.~~

grows or we make additional investments in our manufacturing capabilities.

Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including manufacturing costs and average selling prices, and we expect our gross margin to fluctuate based on changes in these factors. Manufacturing cost will change as our production volume and product mix changes. The per unit allocation of our manufacturing overhead costs may increase and our gross margin may decline as, and to the extent, production volume decreases. The per unit allocation of our manufacturing overhead costs may decrease as production volume increases until we increase our manufacturing capacity or introduce additional products, at which point the per unit allocation of our manufacturing overhead costs may increase due to the additional costs of our expanded manufacturing operations.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses consist primarily of compensation for personnel, including stock-based compensation, related to selling, marketing, finance, market access, reimbursement, business development, legal and human resource functions as well as costs related to any post-market studies. Additional SG&A expenses include commissions, training, travel expenses, promotional activities, conferences, trade shows, professional services fees, audit and Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 compliance expenses, insurance costs and general corporate expenses including allocated facilities and information technology

expenses. We expect SG&A expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we expand our commercial and administrative infrastructure to drive and support the anticipated growth in revenue and incur additional legal, accounting, insurance and other professional services fees.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development, or R&D, expenses consist primarily of compensation for personnel, including stock-based compensation, related to product development, regulatory affairs, clinical and medical affairs, and allocated facilities and information technology expenses. R&D expenses also may include expenses for clinical studies related to clinical trial design, site reimbursement, data management, travel expenses and the cost of manufacturing products for clinical trials. Finally, R&D expenses also include expenses related to the development of products and technologies such as consulting services and supplies. Although R&D expenses have fluctuated, we expect R&D expenses to remain at a relatively consistent level in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we continue to seek to develop and commercialize new products and enhance our current products.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions for the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions and any such differences may be material.

We believe that the accounting policies discussed in our Annual Report are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates. There have been no significant changes to our significant accounting policies during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, as compared to the significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under the heading “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” for new accounting pronouncements or changes to the recent accounting pronouncements during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019.

Results of Operations

   Three Months Ended
March 31,
   2019 2018
(in thousands, except percentages)
Revenue
   $ 26,673 $ 24,723
Cost of sales
   4,645 5,482


Gross profit
   22,028 19,241
Gross margin
   83 % 78 %
Operating expenses:

Selling, general and administrative
   27,207 21,516
Research and development
   6,266 4,273


Total operating expenses
   33,473 25,789


Loss from operations
   (11,445 ) (6,548 )
Interest income and other, net
   640 412


Net loss
   $ (10,805 ) $ (6,136 )

Three Months Ended
June 30,

Six Months Ended
June 30,

2019

2018

2019

2018

(in thousands, except percentages)

Revenue
$
26,659
$
26,300
$
53,332
$
51,023

Cost of sales

5,046

5,558

9,691

11,040

Gross profit

21,613

20,742

43,641

39,983

Gross margin

81
%
79
%
82
%
78
%

Operating expenses:

Selling, general and administrative

27,611

21,005

54,818

42,521

Research and development

6,041

4,374

12,307

8,647

Total operating expenses

33,652

25,379

67,125

51,168

Loss from operations

(12,039
)
(4,637
)
(23,484
)
(11,185
)
Interest income and other, net

655

477

1,295

889

Net loss
$
(11,384
) $
(4,160
) $
(22,189
) $
(10,296
)

13
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Comparison of the Three and Six Months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and 2018

Revenue

Revenue increased ~~$2.0~~$0.4 million, or 8%1%, to $26.7 million during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, compared to ~~$24.7~~$26.3 million during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018, and increased $2.3 million, or 5%, to $53.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $51.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018. The growth in revenue was attributable to an increase in ~~unit sales and~~the average selling price of our PROPEL family of products and initial sales of SINUVA, which contributed approximately 4% to revenue during the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019.

Cost of Sales and Gross Margin

Cost of sales decreased ~~$0.9~~$0.6 million, or ~~15%~~9%, to ~~$4.6~~$5.0 million during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, compared to ~~$5.5~~$5.6 million during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018, and decreased $1.3 million, or 12%, to $9.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $11.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018. The ~~lower~~decrease in cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily attributable to the favorable impact of a lower cost structure during the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in cost of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily attributable to charges during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018 related to our decision not to commercialize the initial SINUVA production output and the favorable impact of a lower cost structure during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019.

Gross margin for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, increased to ~~83%~~81%, compared to 79% for the three months ended June 30, 2018, and for the six months ended June 30, 2019, increased to 82% compared to 78% for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018. The increase in gross margin for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily attributable to the favorable impact of lower manufacturing costs and a higher average selling price. The increase in gross margin for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily attributable to charges during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018 related to our decision not to commercialize the initial SINUVA production output, which accounted for approximately 4%2% of the increase in gross margin, and the favorable impact of a lower manufacturing cost ~~structure~~ and a higher average selling price ~~for the PROPEL family of products~~ during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019.

The per unit allocation of our manufacturing overhead costs may increase and our gross margin may decline as production volume decreases.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses increased ~~$5.7~~$6.6 million, or ~~26%~~31%, to ~~$27.2~~$27.6 million during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, compared to ~~$21.5~~$21.0 million during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018, and increased $12.3 million, or 29%, to $54.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $42.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to the incremental stock-based compensation associated with the leadership change as well as an increase in headcount and related expenses to support the commercial launch of SINUVA, which was ~~approved by the FDA~~launched in ~~December 2017,~~March 2018, and the ongoing commercialization of our PROPEL family of products.

Research and Development Expenses

R&D expenses increased ~~$2.0~~$1.6 million, or ~~47%~~38%, to ~~$6.3~~$6.0 million during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, compared to ~~$4.3~~$4.4 million during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018, and increased $3.7 million, or 42%, to $12.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $8.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in R&D expenses was primarily due to an increase in headcount and related expenses, and development of our investigational ASCEND drug-coated sinus balloon.

Interest Income and Other, Net

Interest income and other, net, increased $0.2 million to ~~$0.6~~$0.7 million during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, compared to ~~$0.4~~$0.5 million during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018, and increased $0.4 million to $1.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $0.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in interest income and other, net, was primarily attributable to higher interest rates earned on our investments.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of ~~$97.6~~$93.5 million, compared to cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $100.8 million as of December 31, 2018.

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Cash Flows

   Three Months Ended
March 31,
   2019    2018
(in thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by:

Operating activities
   $ (6,892 )    $ (3,620 )
Investing activities
   1,554    (10,564 )
Financing activities
   4,467    4,873




Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
   $ (871 )    $ (9,311 )

Six Months Ended
June 30,

2019

2018

(in thousands)

Net cash (used in) provided by:

Operating activities
$
(15,868
) $
(6,489
)
Investing activities

6,331

(10,900
)
Financing activities

9,431

9,355

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
$
(106
) $
(8,034
)

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, net cash used in operating activities was ~~$6.9~~$15.9 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of ~~$10.8~~$22.2 million and an increase in net operating assets of ~~$0.4~~$4.1 million, partially offset by

non-cash

charges of ~~$4.3~~$10.4 million. The cash used in operations was due primarily to an increase in headcount and related expenses to support the ongoing commercialization of our PROPEL family of products and the launch of SINUVA in March 2018. The

non-cash

charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation expense. The increase in net operating assets is primarily due to an increase in inventory and a decrease in accrued compensation and accounts payable, partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable.

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018, net cash used in operating activities was ~~$3.6~~$6.5 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of ~~$6.1~~$10.3 million and an increase in net operating assets of ~~$1.0~~$3.5 million, partially offset by

non-cash

charges of ~~$3.5~~$7.3 million. The cash used in operations was due primarily to an increase in headcount to support the ongoing commercialization of our PROPEL family of products and ~~to prepare for~~ the launch of SINUVA. The

non-cash

charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation expense. The increase in net operating assets is primarily due to a decrease in accrued compensation from the payment of accrued

year-end

bonuses, partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable.

Net Cash Provided (Used in) by Investing Activities

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, net cash provided by investing activities was ~~$1.6~~$6.3 million, consisting of net maturities of short-term investments,

available-for-sale,

of ~~$2.8~~$8.1 million, partially offset by purchases of property and equipment of $1.8 million.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash used in investing activities was $10.9 million, consisting primarily of net purchases of short-term investments,

available-for-sale,

of $10.4 million and purchases of property and equipment of ~~$1.2~~$0.5 million.

~~During the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash used in investing activities was $10.6 million, consisting of net purchases of short-term investments,available-for-sale,~~ ~~of $10.3 million and purchases of property and equipment of $0.3 million.~~

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, net cash provided by financing activities was ~~$4.5~~$9.4 million, consisting of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock upon exercises of employee stock ~~options.~~

options and purchases under our employee stock purchase plan.

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities was ~~$4.9~~$9.4 million, consisting of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock upon exercises of employee stock ~~options.~~

options and purchases under our employee stock purchase plan.

Liquidity

We currently believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, will be sufficient to meet our capital requirements and fund our operations for at least twelve months after the date these financial statements are issued. Beyond that, if these sources are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain credit facilities. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders would experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting our operations or our ability to incur additional debt. Any debt financing or additional equity that we raise may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. Additional financing may not be available at all, or in amounts or on terms unacceptable to us. If we are unable to obtain additional financing, we may be required to delay the development, commercialization and marketing of our products.

Off-Balance

Sheet Arrangements

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we were not a party to any

off-balance

sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

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Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, have not materially changed from December 31, 2018.

~~ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK~~

ITEM 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

The risk associated with fluctuating interest rates is primarily limited to our cash equivalents and short-term investments which are carried at fair market value. We do not currently use or plan to use financial derivatives in our investment portfolio.

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of ~~$97.6~~$93.5 million. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are composed of money market funds, corporate debt securities and commercial paper. Our investment policy requires investments to be of high credit quality and generally limits the amount of credit exposure to any single issuer or group of issuers. Our objective is the preservation of capital and to maintain proper liquidity to meet our operating requirements while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our financial instruments without significantly increasing risk. Because our short-term investments have a weighted average maturity of not more than one year, we believe the impact of a hypothetical 10% change in market interest rates at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 would not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Credit Risk

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were maintained with two financial institutions in the United States, and our current deposits are likely in excess of insured limits. We have reviewed the financial statements of these institutions and believe they have sufficient assets and liquidity to conduct their operations in the ordinary course of business with little or no credit risk to us.

Our accounts receivable relate to revenue from the sale of our PROPEL family of products to hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers almost entirely in the United States and of SINUVA to specialty pharmacies and specialty distributors in the United States. No single customer represented more than 10% of our accounts receivable as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Foreign Currency Risk

Our business is almost entirely conducted in U.S. dollars. Transactions conducted in foreign currencies have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

~~ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES~~

ITEM 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules

13a-15(e)

and

15d-15(e)

under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

~~ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS~~

~~We are not currently~~

ITEM 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On or about May 15, 2019, a ~~party~~purported stockholder of the Company, Avi Yaron, filed a putative class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, entitled

Yaron v. Intersect ENT, Inc., et al.,

Case No.

3:19-cv-02647,

against the Company and certain individual officers alleging violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The complaint alleges that the Company and the individual officers made false and/or misleading statements about the Company’s business and seeks unspecified damages and attorneys’ fees. On July 15, 2019, the purported stockholder filed a motion to ~~any material legal proceedings.~~

~~ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS~~

be appointed lead plaintiff. The court has set a hearing date to decide that motion for November 1, 2019. Once a lead plaintiff is appointed, the Company expects the lead plaintiff to file an amended complaint. The Company believes this lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend against it.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risk factors discussed in this quarterly report on Form
10-Q,
and all other information contained in this report, before making an investment decision. If any of the risks discussed in this report actually occur, they may materially harm our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows or growth prospects. As a result, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not yet identified or that we think are immaterial may also materially harm our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows or growth prospects and could result in a complete loss of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business

We have incurred significant operating losses since inception and may not be able to achieve profitability.

We have incurred net losses since our inception in 2003. We incurred a net loss of ~~$10.8~~$22.2 million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, and $22.9 million and $16.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of ~~$198.6~~$210.0 million. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through sales of our capital stock, certain debt-related financing arrangements and from sales of our approved products. We have devoted substantially all of our resources to research and development of our products, including clinical and regulatory initiatives to obtain approvals for our products, and sales and marketing activities. Our ability to generate sufficient revenue from our existing products or from any of our product candidates in development, and to transition to profitability and generate consistent positive cash flows is uncertain. We expect that our operating expenses will continue to increase as we continue to build our commercial infrastructure, develop, enhance and commercialize new products and incur additional operational and reporting costs associated with being a public company. As a result, we expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve profitability.

Our revenue is generated from our PROPEL^{®
family of products and, to a lesser extent, SINUVA^{®
. Our revenue is completely dependent on the success of these products, and if these products fail to grow or to continue experiencing expanded adoption, our business will suffer.}}

We started selling PROPEL^{®
in August 2011, PROPEL^{®
Mini in November 2012 and PROPEL^{®
Contour in February 2017, collectively referred to as our PROPEL family of products. We expect that sales of these products, together with SINUVA, which we started selling in March 2018, will account for all of our revenue for the foreseeable future. In addition, our ability to become profitable will depend upon the commercial success of these products. In July 2019, we received FDA approval to market our new PROPEL Mini Straight Delivery System, designed to facilitate implant placement in the ethmoid sinus. We market our products primarily to ear, nose and throat, or ENT, physicians who may be slow or fail to adopt our products or who may use our products in only a small percentage of their eligible patients for a variety of reasons, including, among others:}}}

lack of experience with our products;

lack of adequate reimbursement or cost to the patient;

lack of conviction regarding evidence supporting cost benefits or cost effectiveness of our products over existing alternatives;

lack of clinical data supporting longer-term patient benefits or, in the case of SINUVA, repeated use;

new technologies that may be competitive to our products; and

liability risks generally associated with the use of new products and procedures.

If we are unable to effectively demonstrate to ENT physicians and patients the benefits of our products or our products fail to achieve growing market acceptance, our future revenue will be adversely impacted.

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Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with our commercialization efforts, we are unable to predict the extent to which we will continue to generate revenue from our products or the timing for when or the extent to which we will become profitable. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on an ongoing basis.

Pricing pressure from our hospital and ambulatory surgery center customers due to cost sensitivities resulting from healthcare cost containment pressures and reimbursement changes could decrease demand for our PROPEL family of products, the prices that customers are willing to pay and the frequency of use of our products, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

Hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers that purchase our PROPEL family of products typically bill various third-party payors for a facility fee to cover the costs of supplies, including our PROPEL family of products, used in sinus surgery procedures. Because there is often no separate reimbursement for supplies used in surgical procedures, the additional cost associated with the use of our steroid releasing implants can impact the profit margin of the hospital or surgery center where the sinus surgery is performed. Some of our target customers may be unwilling to adopt or use broadly our steroid releasing implants in light of the additional associated cost. Further, any decline in the amount payors reimburse our customers for sinus surgery procedures could make it difficult for existing customers to continue using, or to adopt, our steroid releasing implants. This could create additional pricing pressure for us.

All third-party payors, whether governmental or commercial, whether inside the United States or outside, are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. These cost-control methods include prospective payment systems, bundled payment models, value-based payment models, capitated arrangements, group purchasing, benefit redesign, prior authorization processes and requirements for second opinions prior to major surgery. These cost-control methods also potentially limit the amount that healthcare providers may be willing to pay for medical devices.

Effective January 1, 2017, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, assigned upper airway procedures, which includes sinus surgery, to a comprehensive Ambulatory Payment Classification, or APC, for procedures performed in the hospital outpatient department setting. With this assignment, the reimbursement per case was set at a fixed amount regardless of the number of procedures performed during that encounter. As a result, for Medicare patients, while payment increased for encounters involving one or two procedures, payment for encounters with three or more procedures, which are commonly associated with the use of our products, declined significantly below the prior average reimbursement amount. Some commercial payors may peg their rates directly to Medicare rates or use these rates as a reference for facility contract negotiations. If, as a result of this CMS ruling, hospitals are unable to receive adequate reimbursement to support the use of our products, or if we are forced to lower the price we charge for our products, this will negatively impact our revenues and our gross margins will decrease, which will adversely affect our ability to invest in and grow our business. We cannot predict how pending and future healthcare legislation and regulations will impact our business and any changes that further restricts coverage of our products or lowers reimbursement for procedures using our products could materially affect our business.

A track record of adequate coverage and reimbursement is important for sales of our products in the office setting of care. Inadequate coverage and negative reimbursement policies for our products could affect their adoption and our future revenue.

We are early in our commercialization of SINUVA for use in the office setting of care. SINUVA is designated as a drug by the FDA and as such, providers or specialty pharmacies ~~are~~have been seeking reimbursement for the product using an unassigned J Code. We applied for a product-specific J code in the 2018 process but it was not granted and ~~on April 26,~~we reapplied in the 2019 process. In July 2019, CMS announced ~~that they intend~~their final decision to establish a new J code described as ~~“Mometasone~~“J7401 Mometasone furoate, sinus implant, 10 micrograms.” CMS ~~has~~ also ~~indicated~~made a ~~preliminary~~final decision to eliminate the S1090 code, which was previously assigned to ~~PROPEL. When CMS issues its final decision in November 2019, we expect~~PROPEL, because they ~~will issue further explanation of their decision~~view it as duplicative to ~~eliminate the S1090 code, which will help us better understand the implications to our business. We cannot be assured we will be successful in our efforts to secure a product-specific J code.~~J7401. We have limited experience with this reimbursement and do not know how effective this approach will be over time in securing reimbursement from payors to cover the cost of SINUVA or if the level of reimbursement will be sufficient to support usage. While the reimbursement code is used for submission of claims for reimbursement, the payment is determined by and at the discretion of the payor. Reimbursement related factors that will impact adoption of SINUVA, and may change at any time, include:

payors adoption of positive medical policies covering SINUVA or including SINUVA on their formularies;

payors providing product reimbursement;

physicians being able to secure payment for their time through appropriate procedural codes;

patients’ willingness to make any required

co-pay

co-insurance

payments; and

physician’s willingness to purchase the product directly and seek reimbursement from payors and patient

co-pay

for that expense, as is required by some payors. Such payments may or may not be received by the physician or may not fully cover the cost of the product.

The degree to which each of these factors is realized will impact SINUVA adoption and our ability to grow revenue.

Our PROPEL family of products are used principally in the operating room setting in hospitals and ASCs where the cost of these products is paid for out of the reimbursed facility fee associated with sinus surgery. Should this fee be reduced by commercial payors or government agencies or should the occurrence of procedures shift significantly to lower cost centers of care with lower reimbursement, our ability to sell our PROPEL family of products may be limited. There is very little usage of PROPEL products in

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the office setting of care because sinus surgery is more typically performed in the operating room and because there is limited reimbursement for the PROPEL family of products available in the office setting of care. While there are a few payors that may provide such coverage, that can change, and the majority of payors consider this usage experimental and investigational and therefore would not cover reimbursement claims.

Our future growth depends on physician awareness and adoption of our steroid releasing implants.

We focus our sales, marketing and education efforts primarily on ENT physicians. We train physicians on the patient population that would benefit from our steroid releasing implants. This patient population is based on those included in our clinical studies and includes, for example, patients with or without polyps as well as patients undergoing either primary or revision surgery. Some physicians may choose to utilize our products on a subset of their patients such as patients with severe polyp disease that they deem at higher risk for postoperative complications. If we are not able to effectively demonstrate to those physicians that our products are beneficial in a broad range of patients on which they operate, their adoption of our products will be limited.

We train our physician customers on the proper techniques in using our devices to achieve the intended outcome. The successful use of our steroid releasing implants depends in large part on the physician’s adherence to the techniques that they are provided in training by our sales representatives. In the event that physicians do not adhere to these techniques or if they perceive that our products are too cumbersome for them to use, we may have difficulty facilitating adoption. Additionally, physicians may develop their own techniques for use of our products during insertion and during the period in which the drug is delivered and is absorbed. For example, we are aware some physicians are removing our steroid releasing implants before all of the drug has been released into the surrounding tissue. While physicians were allowed to remove the implant at any time at their discretion in our clinical studies, early removal could lead to suboptimal outcomes. In addition, if physicians utilize our products in a manner that is inconsistent with how they were studied clinically, their outcomes may not be consistent with the outcomes achieved in our clinical studies, which may impact their perception of patient benefit and limit their adoption of our products.

Our clinical studies were designed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our steroid releasing implants based on FDA requirements and may not be seen as compelling to physicians. Any subsequent clinical studies that are conducted and published may not be positive or consistent with our existing data, which would affect the rate of adoption of our products.

Our success depends on the medical community’s acceptance of our steroid releasing implants as tools that are useful to ENT physicians treating patients with chronic sinusitis. We have sponsored fourteen multicenter, prospective studies of over 900 patients to track outcomes of treatment with our steroid releasing implants across multiple sinuses and settings of care. These clinical data have resulted in the highest level of evidence generated for any medical device used to improve the outcomes of sinus surgery. While the results of these studies collectively indicate a favorable safety and efficacy profile, the study designs and results may not be viewed as compelling to our physician customers. If physicians do not find our data compelling, they may choose not to use our products or limit their use. Additionally, the long-term effects of sinus interventions in conjunction with our steroid releasing implants beyond six months are not known. Certain ENT physicians, hospitals and surgery centers may prefer to see longer term efficacy data than we

have produced. We cannot assure that any data that we or others generate will be consistent with that observed in these studies or meet the endpoints, nor that the results will be maintained beyond the time points studied. We also cannot assure that any data that may be collected will be compelling to the medical community because the data may not be scientifically meaningful and may not demonstrate that sinus procedures using our steroid releasing implants are an attractive option when compared against data from alternative treatments.

Each ENT physician’s individual experience with our steroid releasing implants will vary, and we believe that physicians will compare actual long-term outcomes in their own practices using our steroid releasing implants against sinus surgery used in conjunction with traditional sinus packing techniques. A long-term, adequately-controlled clinical study comparing sinus surgery performed in conjunction with our steroid releasing implants against sinus surgery performed in conjunction with the variety of traditional sinus packing techniques incorporated by physicians would be expensive and time-consuming and we have not conducted, and are not currently planning to conduct, such a study. If the experience of physicians indicates that the use of our steroid releasing implants in FESS is not as safe or effective as other treatment options or does not provide a lasting solution to patients with chronic sinusitis, adoption of our products may suffer and our business would be harmed.

We do not know whether the results of SINUVA’s use will be consistent with the results from our clinical studies.

While the FDA granted approval of SINUVA based on the data included in its NDA, including data from our completed clinical trials, we do not know whether the results, when a large number of patients are exposed to SINUVA, including results related to safety and efficacy, will be consistent with the results from the clinical trials of SINUVA that served as the basis for the approval of SINUVA. During research and development, SINUVA’s use was limited principally to clinical trial patients under controlled conditions and under the care of expert physicians. New data relating to SINUVA, including from adverse event reports, may result in changes to the product label and may adversely affect sales, or result in withdrawal of SINUVA from the market. The FDA and regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions may also consider any new data in connection with further marketing approval applications. In addition, in patients who take multiple medications, drug interactions could occur that can be difficult to predict. If

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SINUVA or any additional approved products cause serious or unexpected side effects after receiving market approval, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including:

regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of SINUVA or impose restrictions on its distribution;

regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as warnings or contraindications;

we may be required to change the way SINUVA is promoted or administered, or conduct additional clinical studies;

we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients; or

our reputation may suffer.

Any of these events could prevent us from maintaining market acceptance of the affected product and could substantially increase the costs of commercializing SINUVA or any additional products.

We utilize third-party, single source suppliers and service providers for many of the components, materials and services used in the production of our steroid releasing implants, and the loss of, or disruption by, any of these suppliers or service providers could harm our business.

The active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, and a number of our critical components used in our steroid releasing implants are supplied to us from single source suppliers. We rely on single source suppliers for some of our polymer materials, some extrusions and molded components, and some

off-the-shelf

components. If a supplier delivers products of insufficient quality, it could lead to lot issues, failures or recalls. Our ability to supply our products commercially and to develop our product candidates depends, in part, on our ability to obtain these components in accordance with regulatory requirements and in sufficient quantities and quality for commercialization and clinical testing. We have entered into manufacturing, supply or service agreements with a number of our single source suppliers pursuant to which they supply the components we need. We are not certain that our single source suppliers will be able to meet our demand for their products, either because of the nature of our agreements with those suppliers, our limited experience with those suppliers or our relative importance as a customer to those suppliers. It may be difficult for us to assess their ability to timely meet our demand in the future based on past performance. While our suppliers have generally met our demand for their products on a timely basis in the past, they may subordinate our needs in the future to their other customers.

Establishing additional or replacement suppliers for the API or any of the components or processes used in our products, if required, may not be accomplished quickly. If we are able to find a replacement supplier, the replacement supplier would need to be qualified and may require additional regulatory authority approval, which could result in further delay. For example, the FDA, could require additional supplemental data if we rely upon a new supplier for the API used in our PROPEL family of products and SINUVA. While we seek to maintain adequate inventory of the single source components and materials used in our products, any interruption or delay in the supply of components or materials, or our inability to obtain components or materials from alternate sources at acceptable prices in a timely manner, could impair our ability to meet the demand of our customers and cause them to cancel orders.

If our third-party suppliers fail to deliver the required commercial quantities of materials or provide required services, on a timely basis and at commercially reasonable prices, and we are unable to find one or more replacement suppliers capable of production at a substantially equivalent cost in substantially equivalent volumes and quality, and on a timely basis, the continued commercialization of our products and the development of our product candidates would be impeded, delayed, limited or prevented, which could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We rely on specialty pharmacies and specialty distributors for distribution of SINUVA in the United States, and the failure of those specialty pharmacies and specialty distributors to distribute SINUVA effectively would adversely affect sales of SINUVA.

We have historically relied on our internal sales channel to sell our products. However, we rely on specialty pharmacies and specialty distributors for the distribution of SINUVA in the United States. A specialty pharmacy is a pharmacy that specializes in the dispensing, and a specialty distributor that specializes in the distribution, of medications for complex or chronic conditions, which often require a high level of patient education, physician administration and ongoing management. The use of specialty pharmacies and specialty distributors involves certain risks, including, but not limited to, risks that these specialty entities will:

not provide us accurate or timely information regarding their inventories, the number of patients who are using our products or complaints about our products;

reduce or discontinue their efforts to sell or support or otherwise not effectively sell or support our products;

not devote the resources necessary to sell our products in the volumes and within the time frames that we expect;

engage in unlawful or inappropriate business practices that result in legal or regulatory enforcement activity which could result in liability to the Company or damage its goodwill with customers; or

be unable to satisfy financial obligations to us or others.

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In the event that any of the specialty pharmacies or specialty distributors whom we work with do not fulfill their contractual obligations to us or refuses to or fails to adequately serve patients, or the agreements are terminated without adequate notice, shipments of SINUVA, and associated revenues, would be adversely affected.

It is difficult to forecast future performance, which may cause our financial results to fluctuate unpredictably.

It is difficult for us to predict future performance. As we gain additional commercial experience, a number of factors over which we have limited control may contribute to fluctuations in our financial results, such as seasonal variations in revenue. Demand for our products may be impacted adversely by weather and the annual resetting of patient healthcare insurance plan deductibles, both of which may cause patients to delay or decline elective procedures such as FESS and SINUVA implantation. Demand may also be impacted by the seasonal nature of allergies and cold and flu season and the resultant onset of sinus-related symptoms. Other factors that may impact our quarterly results include:

ENT physician adoption of our steroid releasing implants;

ENT physician willingness to engage in the buy and bill process for SINUVA implants;

fluctuations in revenue due to changes in or from estimated

gross-to-net

deductions, including distributor fees and prompt payment discounts, discounts related to commercial agreements or government mandated programs, returns and replacements and, should we elect to offer such support, patient or payor assistance programs, and other related deductions and adjustments;

unanticipated pricing pressure;

the hiring, retention and continued productivity of our sales representatives;

our ability to expand the geographic reach of our sales and marketing efforts, including into the UK and the EU in light of regulatory and geopolitical uncertainties arising from Brexit;

our ability to obtain or maintain regulatory approval and reimbursement coverage for our products in development or for our current products outside the United States;

fluctuations in revenue due to changes in third-party payor reimbursement for procedures associated with the use of our products;

our ability to maintain intellectual property protection for our products and our competitors being granted patents for competing products;

results of clinical research and trials on our existing products and products in development;

delays in receipt of anticipated purchase orders;

timing of new product offerings, acquisitions, licenses or other significant events by us or our competitors;

delays in, failure of, or quality issues with, component and raw material deliveries by our suppliers or service providers;

manufacturing issues or lot failures; and

positive or negative coverage in the media or clinical publications of our steroid releasing implants or products of our competitors or our industry.

In the event our actual revenue and operating results do not meet our forecasts for a particular period, the market price of our common stock may decline substantially.

Our long-term growth depends on our ability to develop and commercialize additional ENT products.

It is important to our business that we continue to build a more complete product offering within the ENT market. We are using our drug releasing bioabsorbable technology to develop new products for use in the physician office setting. Developing additional products is expensive and time-consuming and could divert management’s attention away from our current sinus surgery products and harm our business. Even if we are successful in developing additional products, the success of any new product offering or enhancement to an existing product will depend on several factors, including our ability to:

properly identify and anticipate ENT physician and patient needs;

receive adequate reimbursement for such products;

develop and introduce new products or product enhancements in a timely manner;

avoid infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties;

demonstrate, if required, the safety and efficacy of new products with data from preclinical studies and clinical trials;

obtain the necessary regulatory clearances or approvals for new products or product enhancements;

be fully

FDA-compliant

with marketing and manufacturing of new devices or modified products;

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provide adequate training to potential users of our products; and

develop an effective and

FDA-compliant,

dedicated sales and marketing team.

If we are unsuccessful in developing and commercializing additional products in other areas of ENT, our ability to increase our revenue may be impaired.

Consolidation in the healthcare industry could lead to demands for price concessions, which may impact our ability to sell our products at prices necessary to support our current business strategies.

Healthcare costs have risen significantly over the past several decades, which has driven numerous cost reform initiatives by legislators, regulators and third-party payors. Cost reform has elicited a consolidation trend in the healthcare industry to aggregate purchasing power, which may create more requests for pricing concessions in the future. Additionally, group purchasing organizations, independent delivery networks and large single accounts may continue to use their market power to consolidate purchasing decisions for hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers. We expect that market demand, government regulation, third-party coverage and reimbursement policies and societal pressures will continue to change the healthcare industry worldwide, resulting in further business consolidations and alliances among our customers, which may exert further downward pressure on the prices of our products and may adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We compete or may compete in the future against other companies, some of which have longer operating histories, more established products and greater resources, which may prevent us from achieving significant market penetration or improved operating results.

Our industry is highly competitive, subject to change and significantly affected by new product introductions and other activities of industry participants. Many of the companies developing or marketing ENT products are publicly traded companies, including Medtronic, Olympus, Johnson & Johnson, Stryker and Smith & Nephew. These companies could develop drug releasing products that could compete with our products and most of these companies enjoy several competitive advantages, including:

greater financial and human capital resources;

significantly greater name recognition;

established relationships with ENT physicians, referring physicians, customers and third-party payors;

additional lines of products, and the ability to offer rebates or bundle products to offer greater discounts or incentives to gain a competitive advantage; and

established sales, marketing and worldwide distribution networks.

In addition, there are and have been venture companies seeking to develop competitive products. Companies may also market alternatives to current modes of treatment, such as OptiNose. Finally, there are established pharmaceutical companies evaluating monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of chronic ~~sinusitis.~~

sinusitis, such as Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., who recently received FDA approval to market Dupixent for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.

If another company successfully develops an approach for the treatment of chronic sinusitis, including alternative device, drug delivery or pharmaceutical agent, our business could be significantly and adversely affected.

If physicians treat more patients in their offices instead of performing surgery in the operating room, our ability to sell our PROPEL family of products may be harmed.

The prevalence of sinus procedures being performed in the office has increased since sinus dilation products for use in the office setting received Category I CPT codes in 2011. As a result, the number of companies selling sinus dilation products has increased and well-known companies such as Medtronic, Stryker and Johnson & Johnson have begun to sell sinus dilation products. This has led to increased marketing investments to sell these sinus dilation products in an attempt to not only grow the overall sinus procedure market but also to shift procedures from the operating room to the office. If more patients are treated for chronic sinusitis in a physician’s office with a sinus dilation product rather than through FESS procedures in the operating room, the volume of FESS procedures performed may not grow as anticipated and our ability to sell our products may be harmed.

We face the risk of product liability claims that could be expensive, divert management’s attention and harm our reputation and business. We may not be able to maintain adequate product liability insurance.

Our business exposes us to the risk of product liability claims that are inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of medical devices and drug products. This risk exists even if a device or product is approved for commercial sale by the FDA and manufactured in facilities licensed and regulated by the FDA, such as the case with our PROPEL family of products and SINUVA, or an applicable foreign regulatory authority. Our products and product candidates are designed to affect important bodily functions and processes. Any side effects, manufacturing defects, misuse or abuse associated with our products or our product candidates could result in patient injury or death. The medical device industry has historically been subject to extensive litigation over product liability claims, and we cannot offer any assurance that we will not face product liability suits. We may be subject to product liability claims if

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our steroid releasing implants cause, or merely appear to have caused, patient injury or death. In addition, an injury that is caused by the activities of our suppliers, such as those who provide us with components and raw materials, may be the basis for a claim against us. Product liability claims may be brought against us by consumers, healthcare providers or others selling or otherwise coming into contact with our products or product candidates, among others. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we will incur substantial liabilities and reputational harm. In addition, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, product liability claims may result in:

costs of litigation;

distraction of management’s attention from our primary business;

the inability to commercialize our products or, if approved, our product candidates;

decreased demand for our products or, if approved, product candidates;

impairment of our business reputation;

product recall or withdrawal from the market;

withdrawal of clinical trial participants;

substantial monetary awards to patients or other claimants; or

loss of revenue.

While we may attempt to manage our product liability exposure by proactively recalling or withdrawing from the market any defective products, any recall or market withdrawal of our products may delay the supply of those products to our customers and may impact our reputation. We can provide no assurance that we will be successful in initiating appropriate market recall or market withdrawal efforts that may be required in the future or that these efforts will have the intended effect of preventing product malfunctions and the accompanying product liability that may result. Such recalls and withdrawals may also be used by our competitors to harm our reputation for safety or be perceived by patients as a safety risk when considering the use of our products, either of which could have an adverse effect on our business.

In addition, although we have product liability and clinical study liability insurance that we believe is appropriate, this insurance is subject to deductibles and coverage limitations. Our current product liability insurance may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all, and, if available, coverage may not be adequate to protect us against any future product liability claims. If we are unable to obtain insurance at an acceptable cost or on acceptable terms with adequate coverage or otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, we will be exposed to significant liabilities, which may harm our business. A product liability claim, recall or other claim with respect to uninsured liabilities or for amounts in excess of insured liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The misuse or
off-label
use of our products may harm our image in the marketplace, result in injuries that lead to product liability suits or result in costly investigations and sanctions by regulatory bodies if we are deemed to have engaged in the promotion of these uses, any of which could be costly to our business.

The products we currently market have been approved by the FDA for specific treatments. We train our marketing and direct sales force to not promote our products for uses outside of the

FDA-approved

indications for use, known as

“off-label

uses.” We cannot, however, prevent a physician from using our products

off-label,

when in the physician’s independent professional medical judgment he or she deems it appropriate. There may be increased risk of injury to patients if physicians attempt to use our products

off-label.

Furthermore, the use of our products for indications other than those approved by the FDA or any foreign regulatory body may not effectively treat such conditions, which could harm our reputation in the marketplace among physicians and patients.

Physicians may also misuse our products or use improper techniques if they are not adequately trained, potentially leading to injury and an increased risk of product liability. If our products are misused or used with improper technique, we may become subject to costly litigation by our customers or their patients. Product liability claims could divert management’s attention from our core business, be expensive to defend, and result in sizable damage awards against us that may not be covered by insurance. In addition, if the FDA or any foreign regulatory body determines that our promotional materials or training constitute promotion of an

off-label

use, it could request that we modify our training or promotional materials or subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions, including the issuance of an untitled letter, a warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine or criminal penalties. It is also possible that other federal, state or foreign enforcement authorities might take action if they consider our business activities to constitute promotion of an

off-label

use, which could result in significant penalties, including, but not limited to, criminal, civil and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, and the curtailment of our operations. Any of these events could significantly harm our business and results of operations and cause our stock price to decline.

Our leadership transition may not go smoothly and could adversely impact our future operations.

In June 2019, we announced Mr. Thomas A. West had been appointed as our new President and Chief Executive Officer effective July 22, 2019, replacing Ms. Lisa D. Earnhardt, who notified us in May 2019 of her resignation as our President and Chief

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Executive Officer effective June 5, 2019. In addition, we also announced in June 2019 that Ms. Jeryl L. Hilleman, our Chief Financial Officer, will resign effective as of early 2020. As a result, we have started the process to find a new Chief Financial Officer, which may be challenging. A significant leadership change is inherently risky, may cause disruption to our business, may cause concerns from third parties with whom we do business and may increase the likelihood of turnover of other key officers and employees. The loss of services of one or more other members of senior management or the inability to attract qualified permanent replacements, could have a material adverse effect on our business. We may be unable to manage these transitions smoothly which could adversely impact our future strategy and ability to function or execute and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to maintain our competitive position depends on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel.

We believe that our continued success depends, to a significant extent, upon the efforts and abilities of our executive officers and key employees. All of our executive officers and other employees are

at-will

employees, and therefore may terminate employment with us at any time with no advance notice. The replacement of any of our key personnel or the turnover of a meaningful number of our employees within a particular function or throughout the company within a given period of time, likely would involve significant time and costs and may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives and would harm our business.

Our future success also depends on our ability to continue to attract and retain our executive officers and other key employees. Many of our employees have ~~become or will soon~~ become vested in a substantial amount of stock or number of stock options. Our employees may be more likely to leave us if the shares they own or the shares underlying their vested options have significantly appreciated in value relative to the original purchase prices of the shares or the exercise prices of the options, or if the exercise prices of the options that they hold are significantly below the market price of our common stock. Further, our employees’ ability to exercise those options and sell their stock in a public market may result in a higher than normal turnover rate. We do not carry any “key person” insurance policies.

If our facilities or the facility of a supplier or customer become inoperable, we will be unable to continue to research, develop, manufacture, commercialize and sell our products and, as a result, our business will be harmed until we are able to secure a new facility.

We do not have redundant facilities. We perform substantially all of our research and development, manufacturing and commercialization activity and maintain all our raw material and a significant portion of our finished goods inventory in a single location in Menlo Park, California. Menlo Park is situated on or near earthquake fault lines. Our facility and equipment would be costly to replace and could require substantial lead time to repair or replace. The facility may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or

man-made

disasters, including, but not limited to, earthquakes, flooding, fire, water shortages and power outages, which may render it difficult or impossible for us to perform our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization activities for some period of time. The inability to perform those activities, combined with our limited inventory of raw materials and finished product reserve, may result in the inability to continue manufacturing our products during such periods and the loss of customers or harm to our reputation. Although we possess insurance for damage to our property and the disruption of our business, this insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses and this insurance may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, while we have a limited amount of inventory at a third-party storage and fulfillment centers, that inventory may not be sufficient to continue our operations if our primary facility is damaged. The occurrence of natural disasters or acts of terrorism could also cause delays in our customers’ supply chain, causing them to delay their requirements for our products until they resolve shortages from their other suppliers. Any such occurrences of natural disasters or acts of terrorism could have a material adverse effect on our business, our results of operations and our financial condition.

If we experience significant disruptions in our information technology systems, our business may be adversely affected.

We depend on our information technology systems for the efficient functioning of our business, including accounting, data storage, compliance, purchasing and inventory management. Our current systems provide physical and virtual redundancy while being operated from our physical location in Menlo Park. While we will attempt to mitigate interruptions in our information technology

systems, we may experience events or circumstances which could disrupt our operations, including our ability to timely ship and track product orders, project inventory requirements, manage our supply chain and otherwise adequately service our customers. In the event we experience significant disruptions, such as natural disasters or security breaches, as a result of the current implementation of our information technology systems, we may not be able to repair our systems in an efficient and timely manner. Accordingly, such events may disrupt or reduce the efficiency of our entire operation and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows.

We are increasingly dependent on sophisticated information technology for our infrastructure. Our information systems require an ongoing commitment of significant resources to maintain, protect and enhance existing systems. Failure to maintain or protect our information systems and data integrity effectively could have a materially adverse effect on our business. For example, third parties may attempt to hack into our information systems and may obtain our proprietary information.

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We have expanded the complexity of our operations by adding commercialization of a drug to our underlying device business. We may encounter difficulties in managing this expansion, which could disrupt our business.

SINUVA is our first commercially available product that is regulated as a drug. To sell this product, we are expanding the scope of our operations to comply with manufacturing and regulatory requirements of a drug. We are also adding a network of specialty pharmacies and specialty distributors to support product access, and adding internal or external capabilities to handle new operational requirements. We are relying on one integrated sales force to sell all our products. We will remain subject to ongoing inspection by regulatory agencies and must maintain compliance with both device and drug regulatory requirements for Quality Systems Regulation and Good Manufacturing Practice compliance, respectively.

To manage our anticipated future growth for SINUVA, our PROPEL family of products and our pipeline, we must continue to implement and improve our managerial, operational and financial systems, expand our facilities and continue to recruit and train additional qualified personnel. We may not be able to effectively manage the expected expansion of our operations or recruit and train additional qualified personnel. Moreover, the expected expansion of our operations may lead to significant costs and may divert our management and business development resources. Any inability to manage growth could delay the execution of our business plans or disrupt our operations.

If clinical studies of our future products or product indications do not produce results necessary to support regulatory clearance or approval in the United States or, with respect to our current or future products, elsewhere, we will be unable to commercialize these products.

We will likely conduct additional clinical studies in the future to support new product or product indication approvals, including our investigational ASCEND drug-coated balloon, or for the approval of the use of our products in some foreign countries. Clinical testing takes many years, is expensive and carries uncertain outcomes. The initiation and completion of any of these studies may be prevented, delayed, or halted for numerous reasons, including, but not limited to, the following:

the FDA, institutional review boards or other regulatory authorities do not approve a clinical study protocol, force us to modify a previously approved protocol, or place a clinical study on hold;

patients do not enroll in, or enroll at a lower rate than we expect, or do not complete a clinical study;

patients or investigators do not comply with study protocols;

patients do not return for post-treatment

follow-up

at the expected rate;

patients experience unexpected adverse event or side effects for a variety of reasons that may or may not be related to our products;

sites participating in an ongoing clinical study withdraw, requiring us to engage new sites;

difficulties or delays associated with establishing additional clinical sites;

third-party clinical investigators decline to participate in our clinical studies, do not perform the clinical studies on the anticipated schedule, or are inconsistent with the investigator agreement, clinical study protocol, good clinical practices or other agency requirements;

third-party organizations do not perform data collection and analysis in a timely or accurate manner;

regulatory inspections of our clinical studies or manufacturing facilities require us to undertake corrective action or suspend or terminate our clinical studies;

changes in federal, state, or foreign governmental statutes, regulations or policies;

interim results are inconclusive or unfavorable as to immediate and long-term safety or efficacy;

the study design is inadequate to demonstrate safety and efficacy; or

the study does not meet the primary endpoints.

Clinical failure can occur at any stage of the testing. Our clinical studies may produce negative or inconclusive results, and we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical and

non-clinical

testing in addition to those we have planned. Our failure to adequately demonstrate the safety and efficacy of any of our devices would prevent receipt of regulatory clearance or approval and, ultimately, the commercialization of that device or indication for use. Even if our future products are approved in the United States, commercialization of our products in foreign countries would require approval by regulatory authorities in those countries. Approval procedures vary among jurisdictions and can involve requirements and administrative review periods different from, and greater than, those in the United States, including additional preclinical studies or clinical trials. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

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Reimbursement in international markets may require us to undertake country-specific reimbursement activities, including additional clinical studies, which could be time-consuming and expensive and may not yield acceptable reimbursement rates.

In international markets, market acceptance of our products will likely depend in large part on the availability of reimbursement within prevailing healthcare payment systems. Reimbursement and healthcare payment systems in international markets vary significantly by country, and by region in some countries, and include both government-sponsored healthcare and private insurance. Securing separate payment for our products may require additional investment in clinical data to satisfy the requirements of health technology assessment organizations in these countries. We may not obtain international reimbursement approvals in a timely manner, if at all. In addition, even if we do obtain international reimbursement approvals, the level of reimbursement may not be enough to commercially justify expansion of our business into the approving jurisdiction. To the extent we or our customers are unable to obtain reimbursement for our steroid releasing implants in major international markets in which we seek to market and sell our products, our international revenue growth would be harmed, and our business and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Pricing for pharmaceutical products has come under increasing scrutiny by governments, legislative bodies and enforcement agencies. These activities may result in actions that have the effect of reducing our revenue or harming our business or reputation.

Many companies in our industry have received a governmental request for documents and information relating to drug pricing and patient support programs. We could receive a similar request, which would require us to incur significant expense and result in distraction for our management team. Additionally, to the extent there are findings, or even allegations, of improper conduct on the part of the company, such findings could further harm our business, reputation and/or prospects. It is possible that such inquiries could result in: negative publicity or other negative actions that could harm our reputation; changes in our product pricing and distribution strategies; reduced demand for our approved products; and/or reduced reimbursement of approved products, including by federal health care programs such as Medicare and Medicaid and state health care programs.

In addition, the current administration has indicated interest in taking regulatory and other policy actions pertaining to drug pricing, including potential proposals relating to Medicare price negotiations, importation of drugs from other countries and facilitating value-based arrangements between manufacturers and payers. At this time, it is unclear whether any of these proposals will be pursued and how they would impact our products or our future product candidates.

State and local governments continue to consider prescription drug pricing transparency proposals. In October 2017, California enacted legislation requiring pharmaceutical manufacturers to disclose and provide justification for certain price increases; however, the regulations under which we will have to operate have not yet been promulgated. While we have taken and will continue to take appropriate actions to ensure compliance with this new law, without knowing the final regulations applicable to us, we cannot comprehensively assess the potential impact on our business. Additional legislation or ballot initiatives may be proposed by various states and municipalities in the future, and we cannot predict the outcome of any future proposals, the market’s perception of them or their potential impact on us.

Risks Relating to Regulatory Matters

Our products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA, and other agencies, including the requirement to obtain approval prior to commercializing our products and the requirement to report adverse events and other ongoing reporting requirements. If we fail to obtain necessary FDA device or drug approvals for our products or are subject to regulatory enforcement action as a result of our failure to properly report adverse events or otherwise comply with regulatory requirements, our commercial operations would be harmed.

Our steroid releasing implants are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and various other federal, state and foreign governmental authorities. The Premarket Approval, or PMA, and New Drug Application, or NDA, approval processes can be expensive and lengthy. Despite the time, effort and cost required to obtain approval, there can be no assurance that any product that we intend to commercialize in the future will be approved by the FDA in a timely fashion, if at all.

Our currently marketed products are subject to Medical Device Reporting, or MDR, and drug postmarketing safety reporting obligations, which require that we timely report any incidents to the FDA. In the European Union, our CE Marked products are subject to vigilance reporting.

The FDA and state authorities have broad enforcement powers. Our failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in enforcement action by the FDA or state agencies, which may include any of the following sanctions:

adverse publicity, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;

repair, replacement, recall or seizure of our products;

operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;

delaying or refusing our requests for approval of new products, new intended uses or modifications to our existing products;

refusal to grant export approval for our products;

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withdrawing product approvals that have already been granted; and

criminal prosecution.

If any of these enforcement actions were to be taken by the government, our business could be harmed.

We cannot predict whether or when we will obtain regulatory approval to commercialize product candidates and we cannot, therefore, predict the timing of any future revenue from product candidates. Regulatory approval of a product candidate is not guaranteed, and the approval process is expensive, uncertain and lengthy.

We cannot commercialize our product candidates until the appropriate regulatory authorities, such as the FDA, have reviewed and approved the product candidate. Regulatory agencies may not complete their review processes in a timely manner, or we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for product candidates. Additional delays may result if product candidates are brought before an FDA advisory committee, which could recommend restrictions on approval or recommend

non-approval.

In addition, we may experience delays or rejections based upon additional government regulation from future legislation or administrative action, or changes in regulatory agency policy during the period of product development, clinical studies and the review process. As a result, we cannot predict when, if at all, we will receive any future revenue from commercialization of product candidates. The FDA has substantial discretion in the drug approval process, including the ability to delay, limit or deny approval of a product candidate for many reasons, including the following:

we may be unable to demonstrate to the satisfaction of regulatory authorities that a product candidate is safe and effective for any indication;

regulatory authorities may not find the data from clinical studies sufficient or may differ in the interpretation of the data;

regulatory authorities may require additional clinical studies;

the FDA or foreign regulatory authority might not approve our manufacturing processes or facilities for clinical or commercial production;

the FDA or foreign regulatory authority may change its approval policies or adopt new regulations;

the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with the design or implementation of our clinical studies;

the FDA or foreign regulatory authority may not accept clinical data from studies that are conducted in countries where the standard of care is potentially different from that in the United States;

the results of clinical studies may not meet the level of statistical significance required by the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities for approval;

we may be unable to demonstrate that a product candidate’s clinical and other benefits outweigh its safety risks; and

the data collection from clinical studies of our product candidates may not be sufficient to support the submission of a NDA or other submission or to obtain regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere.

In addition, events raising questions about the safety of certain marketed products may result in increased caution by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in reviewing new products based on safety, efficacy or other regulatory considerations and may result in significant delays in obtaining regulatory approvals.

If we participate in but fail to comply with our reporting and payment obligations under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, or other governmental pricing programs, we could be subject to additional reimbursement requirements, penalties, sanctions and fines which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we participate in the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, and other governmental pricing programs, we will be obligated to pay certain specified rebates and report pricing information with respect to SINUVA. Pricing and rebate calculations are complex and are often subject to interpretation by us, governmental or regulatory agencies and the courts. We cannot assure you that our submissions will not be found by the CMS to be incomplete or incorrect. Governmental agencies may also make changes in program interpretations, requirements or conditions of participation, some of which may have implications for amounts previously estimated or paid. The Medicaid rebate amount is computed each quarter based on our submission to CMS of our current average manufacturer

price, or AMP, and best price, or BP, for the quarter. If we become aware that our reporting for a prior quarter was incorrect or has changed as a result of recalculation of the pricing data, we are obligated to resubmit the corrected data for a period not to exceed twelve quarters from the quarter in which the data originally were due, and CMS may request or require restatements for earlier periods as well. Such restatements and recalculations increase our costs for complying with the laws and regulations governing the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program. Any corrections to our rebate calculations could result in an overage or underage in our rebate liability for past quarters, depending on the nature of the correction. Price recalculations also may affect the ceiling price at which we are required to offer our products to certain covered entities, such as

safety-net

providers, under the Public Health Service’s 340B drug pricing program, or 340B, and under other similar government pricing ~~programs.~~

programs

We will also be liable for errors associated with our submission of pricing data. In addition to retroactive rebates and the potential for 340B refunds, if we are found to have knowingly submitted false AMP or BP information to the government, we may be

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liable for civil monetary penalties. If we are found to have made a misrepresentation in the reporting of our AMP, we may be liable for civil monetary penalties as well. Our failure to submit monthly or quarterly AMP and BP data on a timely basis could result in a civil monetary penalty for each day the information is late beyond the due date. Such failure also could be grounds for CMS to terminate our Medicaid drug rebate agreement, pursuant to which we participate in the Medicaid program. In the event that CMS terminates our rebate agreement, federal payments may not be available under Medicaid for SINUVA. A final regulation imposes a civil monetary penalty for each instance of knowingly and intentionally charging a 340B covered entity more than the 340B ceiling price.

Federal law requires that a company must participate in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA, Federal Supply Schedule, or FSS, pricing program to be eligible to have its products paid for with federal funds. As part of this program, we are obligated to make SINUVA available for procurement on an FSS contract under which we must comply with standard government terms and conditions and charge a price that is no higher than the statutory Federal Ceiling Price, or FCP, to several federal agencies including the VA, the U.S. Department of Defense, the Public Health Service and the U.S. Coast Guard. The FCP is based on the

Non-Federal

Average Manufacturer Price, or

Non-FAMP,

which we calculate and report to the VA on a quarterly and annual basis. If we overcharge the government in connection with our FSS contract or Section 703 Agreement, whether due to a misstated FCP or otherwise, we are required to refund the difference to the government. Failure to make necessary disclosures and/or to identify contract overcharges can result in allegations against us under the U.S. civil False Claims Act and other laws and regulations. Unexpected refunds to the government, and responding to a government investigation or enforcement action, would be expensive and time consuming, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we materially modify our approved products, we may need to seek and obtain new approvals, which, if not granted, would prevent us from selling our modified products.

A component of our strategy is to continue to modify and upgrade our steroid releasing implants. Medical devices can be marketed only for the indications for which they are approved. We have received a number of PMA supplement approvals since the original approval of PROPEL. We may not be able to obtain additional regulatory approvals for new products or for modifications to, or additional indications for, our existing products in a timely fashion, or at all. Delays in obtaining future approvals would adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner, which in turn would harm our revenue and potential future profitability.

We may fail to obtain foreign regulatory approvals to market our products in other countries.

We have only had limited sales outside the United States. Sales of our steroid releasing implants outside the United States are subject to foreign regulatory requirements that vary widely from country to country. In addition, the FDA regulates exports of medical devices from the United States. Complying with international regulatory requirements can be an expensive and time-consuming process and approval is not certain. The time required to obtain approvals, if required by other countries, may be longer than that required for FDA approvals, and requirements for such approvals may significantly differ from FDA requirements. In certain countries we may rely upon a third-party or third-party distributors to obtain all required regulatory approvals, and these distributors may be unable to obtain or maintain such approvals. Our distributors in these countries may also incur significant costs in attempting to obtain and in maintaining foreign regulatory approvals or qualifications, which could increase the difficulty of attracting and retaining qualified distributors. If these distributors experience delays in receiving necessary qualifications, clearances or approvals to market our products outside the United States, or if they fail to receive those qualifications, clearances or approvals, we may be unable to market our products or enhancements in certain international markets effectively, or at all.

International jurisdictions require separate regulatory approvals and compliance with numerous and varying regulatory requirements. The approval procedures vary among countries and may involve requirements for additional testing, and the time required to obtain approval may differ from country to country and from that required to obtain clearance or approval in the United States.

Approval in the United States does not ensure approval or certification by regulatory authorities in other countries or jurisdictions, and approval or certification by one foreign regulatory authority does not ensure approval or certification by regulatory authorities in other foreign countries or by the FDA. The foreign regulatory approval or certification process may include all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA approval. In addition, some countries only approve or certify a product for a certain period of

time, and we are required to

re-approve

re-certify

our products in a timely manner prior to the expiration of our prior approval or certification. We may not obtain foreign regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all. We may not be able to file for regulatory approvals or certifications and may not receive necessary approvals to commercialize our products in any market. If we fail to receive necessary approvals or certifications to commercialize our products in foreign jurisdictions on a timely basis, or at all, or if we fail to have our products

re-approved

re-certified,

our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

These and other factors may have a material adverse effect on our international operations or on our business, results of operations and financial condition generally.

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If we, our suppliers or service providers fail to comply with ongoing FDA or foreign regulatory authority requirements, or if we experience unanticipated problems with our products, these products could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market.

Any product for which we obtain approval, and the manufacturing processes, reporting requirements, post-approval clinical data and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continued regulatory review, oversight and periodic inspections by the FDA and other domestic and foreign regulatory bodies. In particular, we and our third-party suppliers are required to comply with the FDA’s current good manufacturing practices and Quality Systems regulation. These FDA regulations cover the methods and documentation of the design, testing, production, control, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, sterilization, storage and shipping of our products. Compliance with applicable regulatory requirements is subject to continual review and is monitored rigorously through periodic inspections by the FDA. If we, or our suppliers, fail to adhere to current good manufacturing practice requirements in the United States, this could delay production of our products and lead to fines, difficulties in obtaining regulatory approvals, recalls, enforcement actions, including injunctive relief or consent decrees, or other consequences, which could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

In addition, the FDA audits compliance through periodic announced and unannounced inspections of manufacturing and other facilities. The failure by us or one of our suppliers to comply with applicable statutes and regulations administered by the FDA, or the failure to timely and adequately respond to any adverse inspectional observations or product safety issues, could result in any of the following enforcement actions:

untitled letters, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;

unanticipated expenditures to address or defend such actions;

customer notifications or repair, replacement, refunds, recall, detention or seizure of our products;

operating restrictions, partial suspension or total shutdown of production;

refusing or delaying our requests for regulatory approvals of new products or modified products;

withdrawing PMA or NDA approvals that have already been granted;

refusal to grant export approval for our products; or

criminal prosecution.

Any of these sanctions could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, our key component suppliers may not currently be or may not continue to be in compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements, which could result in our failure to produce our products on a timely basis and in the required quantities, if at all.

As we expand our operations outside the United States, our products and operations will be required to comply with standards set by foreign regulatory bodies, and those standards, types of evaluation and scope of review differ among foreign regulatory bodies. We intend to comply with the standards enforced by such foreign regulatory bodies as needed to commercialize our products. If we fail to comply with any of these standards adequately, a foreign regulatory body may take adverse actions similar to those within the power of the FDA. For example, in Europe, we are subject to a conformity assessment procedure under which a

so-called

Notified Body, an organization accredited by a member state of the European Economic Area, or EEA, which will audit and examine our quality system for the manufacture, design, and release of our products and confirm adherence with applicable regulatory requirements. If we fail to maintain CE Markings in accordance with these requirements, we would be precluded from selling our products in the EEA. Any such action or circumstance may harm our reputation and business, and could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our products may in the future be subject to product recalls. A recall of our products, either voluntarily or at the direction of the FDA or another governmental authority, or the discovery of serious safety issues with our products, could have a significant adverse impact on us.

The FDA and similar foreign governmental authorities have the authority to require the recall of commercialized products in the event of material deficiencies or defects in design or manufacture. In the case of the FDA, the authority to require a recall must be based on an FDA finding that there is reasonable probability that the device would cause serious injury or death. In addition, foreign

governmental bodies have the authority to require the recall of our products in their respective jurisdictions in the event of material deficiencies or defects in the design or manufacture of our products. We may, under our own initiative, recall a product if any material deficiency in our steroid releasing implants is found. The FDA requires that recalls be reported to the FDA within 10 working days after the recall is initiated. A government-mandated or voluntary recall by us or one of our international distributors could occur as a result of an unacceptable risk to health, component failures, malfunctions, manufacturing errors, design or labeling defects or other deficiencies and issues. Recalls of any of our products would divert managerial and financial resources and have an adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations and financial condition, which could impair our ability to produce our products in a cost-effective and timely manner in order to meet our customers’ demands. In addition, corrective action to a recall may require regulatory approvals

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for product or manufacturing changes, which may take time to accomplish and may impact product availability in the marketplace. We may also be subject to liability claims, be required to bear other costs, or take other actions that may have a negative impact on our future sales and our ability to generate profits. Companies are required to maintain certain records of recalls, even if they are not reportable to the FDA. We may initiate voluntary recalls involving our products in the future that we determine do not require notification of the FDA. If the FDA disagrees with our determinations, they could require us to report those actions as recalls. A future recall announcement could harm our reputation with customers and negatively affect our sales. In addition, the FDA could take enforcement action for failing to report the recalls when they were conducted.

If the third parties on which we rely to conduct our clinical trials do not perform as contractually required or expected, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize such product candidates.

We often must rely on third parties, such as medical institutions, clinical investigators and contract laboratories to conduct our clinical trials and provide data or prepare deliverables for our PMA or NDA submissions, including supplements thereto. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or regulatory obligations or meet expected deadlines, if these third parties need to be replaced, or if the quality or accuracy of the data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed, suspended or terminated, and/or we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize, our products on a timely basis, if at all, and our business, operating results and prospects may be adversely affected. Furthermore, our third-party clinical trial investigators may be delayed in conducting our clinical trials for reasons outside of their control.

We may be subject to enforcement action if we engage in improper marketing or promotion of our products.

Our promotional materials and training methods must comply with FDA and other applicable laws and regulations, including the prohibition of the promotion of unapproved, or

off-label,

use. Physicians may use our products

off-label,

as the FDA does not restrict or regulate a physician’s choice of treatment within the practice of medicine. However, if the FDA determines that our promotional materials or training constitutes promotion of an

off-label

use, which could result in significant fines or penalties under other statutory authorities, such as laws prohibiting false claims for reimbursement. In that event, our reputation could be damaged, and adoption of the products could be impaired. Although our policy is to refrain from statements that could be considered

off-label

promotion of our products, the FDA or another regulatory agency could disagree and conclude that we have engaged in

off-label

promotion. In addition, the

off-label

use of our products may increase the risk of product liability claims. Product liability claims are expensive to defend and could divert our management’s attention, result in substantial damage awards against us, and harm our reputation.

If we fail to comply with U.S. federal and state healthcare regulatory laws and applicable international healthcare regulatory laws, we could be subject to penalties, including, but not limited to, administrative, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, exclusion from participation in governmental healthcare programs, and the curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely impact our reputation and business operations.

There are numerous U.S. federal and state healthcare regulatory laws, including, but not limited to, anti-kickback laws, false claims laws, privacy laws, and transparency laws. Our relationships with healthcare providers and entities, including but not limited to, physicians, hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers, group purchasing organizations and our independent distributors are subject to scrutiny under these laws. Violations of these laws can subject us to penalties, including, but not limited to, administrative, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, imprisonment, additional reporting requirements and oversight if we become subject to a corporate integrity agreement or similar agreement to resolve allegations of

non-compliance

with these laws, exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs, including the Medicare, Medicaid and Veterans Administration health programs, and the curtailment of our operations. Healthcare fraud and abuse regulations are complex, and even minor irregularities can potentially give rise to claims that a statute or prohibition has been violated. The laws that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not limited to:

the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons and entities from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering, or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, lease, order or recommendation of, any good, facility, item or service for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under federal healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid;

the federal civil False Claims Act, which prohibits, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from federal health care programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid that are false or fraudulent; knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement to get a false or fraudulent claim paid or approved by the government; or knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government;

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the federal criminal False Claims Act, which imposes criminal fines or imprisonment against individuals or entities who make or present a claim to the government knowing such claim to be false, fictitious or fraudulent;

the civil monetary penalties statute, which imposes penalties against any person or entity who, among other things, is determined to have presented or caused to be presented, a claim to a federal healthcare program that the person knows, or should know, is for an item or service that was not provided as claimed or is false or fraudulent;

the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, as amended, which created federal criminal laws that prohibit executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false statements relating to healthcare matters;

HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, which impose requirements on certain covered healthcare providers, health plans and healthcare clearinghouses as well as their business associates that perform services for them that involve individually identifiable health information, relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information without appropriate authorization, including mandatory contractual terms as well as directly applicable privacy and security standards and requirements, as well as comparable international privacy laws (e.g. the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR);

the Federal Trade Commission Act and similar laws regulating advertisement and consumer protections;

the federal Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1997, which prohibits corrupt payments, gifts or transfers of value to foreign officials; and

foreign or U.S. state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers.

Further, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, or, collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among other things, amends the intent requirements of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and certain criminal statutes governing healthcare fraud. A person or entity can now be found guilty of violating the statute without actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it. In addition, the Affordable Care Act provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal False Claims Act. Moreover, while we do not submit claims and our customers make the ultimate decision on how to submit claims, from

time-to-time,

we may provide reimbursement guidance to our customers. If a government authority were to conclude that we provided improper advice to our customers or encouraged the submission of false claims for reimbursement, we could face action against us by government authorities. Any violations of these laws, or any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could result in a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have entered into consulting agreements with physicians, including some who influence the ordering of and use our products in procedures they perform. While we believe these transactions were structured to comply with all applicable laws, including state and federal anti-kickback laws, to the extent applicable, regulatory agencies may view these transactions as prohibited arrangements that must be restructured, or discontinued, or for which we could be subject to other significant penalties. We could be adversely affected if regulatory agencies interpret our financial relationships with ENT physicians who influence the ordering of and use our products to be in violation of applicable laws. This could subject us to the penalties described above.

Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors available under such laws, it is possible that some of our business activities, including our relationships with healthcare providers and entities, including, but not limited to, physicians, hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers, group purchasing organizations and our independent distributors and certain sales and marketing practices, including the provision of certain items and services to our customers, could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws.

To enforce compliance with the healthcare regulatory laws, federal and state enforcement bodies have recently increased their scrutiny of interactions between healthcare companies and healthcare providers, which has led to a number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions and settlements in the healthcare industry. Responding to investigations can be time and resource consuming and can divert management’s attention from the business. Additionally, as a result of these investigations, healthcare providers and entities may have to agree to additional onerous compliance and reporting requirements as part of a consent decree or corporate integrity agreement. Any such investigation or settlement could increase our costs or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business.

In certain cases, federal and state authorities pursue actions for false claims on the basis that manufacturers and distributors are promoting

off-label

uses of their products. Pursuant to FDA regulations, we can only market our products for cleared or approved uses. Although physicians are permitted to use medical devices for indications other than those cleared or approved by the FDA in their professional medical judgment, we are prohibited from promoting products for

off-label

uses. We market our products and provide promotional materials and training programs to physicians regarding the use of our products. If it is determined that our business activities, including our marketing, promotional materials or training programs constitute promotion of unapproved uses, we could be subject to significant fines in addition to regulatory enforcement actions, including the issuance of a warning letter, injunction, seizure and criminal penalty.

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In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments and transfers of value provided to healthcare professionals or entities. The Physician Payments Sunshine Act that imposes annual reporting requirements on device and pharmaceutical manufacturers for payments and other transfers of value provided by them, directly or indirectly, to physicians and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their family members. A manufacturer’s failure to submit timely, accurately and completely the required information for all payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests may result in civil monetary penalties. Manufacturers are required to report to CMS the detailed payment and transfers of value data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data by the 90th day of each calendar year. Due to the difficulty in complying with the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, we cannot assure you that we will successfully report all payments and transfers of value provided by us, and any failure to comply could result in significant fines and penalties. Some states, such as California and Connecticut, also mandate implementation of commercial compliance programs, and other states, such as Massachusetts, Vermont, Maine, Minnesota and New Jersey, impose restrictions on device and pharmaceutical manufacturer marketing practices and tracking and reporting of gifts, compensation and other remuneration to healthcare professionals and entities. The shifting commercial compliance environment and the need to build and maintain robust and expandable systems to comply with different compliance and reporting requirements in multiple jurisdictions increase the possibility that a healthcare company may fail to comply fully with one or more of these requirements.

Although compliance programs can mitigate the risk of investigation and prosecution for violations of these laws, the risks cannot be entirely eliminated. Any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business.

Most of these laws apply to not only the actions taken by us, but also to actions taken by our distributors. We have limited knowledge and control over the business practices of our distributors, and we may face regulatory action against us as a result of their actions which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, the scope and enforcement of these laws are uncertain and subject to rapid change in the current environment of healthcare reform, especially in light of the lack of applicable precedent and regulations. Federal or state regulatory authorities might challenge our current or future activities under these laws. Any such challenge could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition. Any state or federal regulatory review of us, regardless of the outcome, would be costly and time-consuming. Additionally, we cannot predict the impact of any changes in these laws, whether or not retroactive.

Legislative or regulatory healthcare reforms may make it more difficult and costly for us to obtain regulatory approval of new products and to produce, market and distribute our products after approval is obtained.

FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the FDA in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. Any new regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations may impose additional costs or lengthen review times of our products. Delays in receipt of, or failure to receive, regulatory approvals for our new products would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Federal and state governments in the United States have recently enacted legislation to overhaul the nation’s healthcare system. While the goal of healthcare reform is to expand coverage to more individuals, it also involves increased government price controls, additional regulatory mandates and other measures designed to constrain medical costs. The Affordable Care Act significantly impacts the medical device and pharmaceutical industries. Among other things, the Affordable Care Act:

imposes an annual excise tax of 2.3% on any entity that manufactures or imports medical devices offered for sale in the United States beginning in 2013;

establishes a new Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee and identify priorities in comparative clinical effectiveness research in an effort to coordinate and develop such research;

implements payment system reforms including a national pilot program on payment bundling to encourage hospitals, physicians and other providers to improve the coordination, quality and efficiency of certain healthcare services through bundled payment models; and

creates an independent payment advisory board that will submit recommendations to reduce Medicare spending if projected Medicare spending exceeds a specified growth rate.

The medical device excise tax was recently suspended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016, or CAA, for calendar years 2016 and 2017. In January 2018, the medical device excise tax suspension was extended for calendar years 2018 and 2019. Absent further congressional action the excise tax will be reinstated for medical device sales beginning January 1, 2020. The CAA also temporarily delays implementation of other taxes intended to help fund Affordable Care Act programs.

Further, there have been judicial and congressional challenges to other aspects of the Affordable Care Act. For example, since January 2017, our current President of the United States has signed two executive orders and other directives designed to delay, circumvent, or loosen certain requirements mandated by the Affordable Care Act. Concurrently, Congress has considered legislation

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that would repeal or repeal and replace all or part of the Affordable Care Act. While Congress has not passed comprehensive repeal legislation, two bills affecting the implementation of certain taxes under the Affordable Care Act have been signed into law. The recent resolution on appropriations for fiscal year 2018 that extended the suspension of the medical device excise tax also delayed the implementation of the

so-called ~~“Cadillac”~~

“Cadillac” tax on certain high cost employer-sponsored insurance plans, as well as the annual fee imposed on certain health insurance providers based on market share. Additionally, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 includes a provision repealing, effective January 1, 2019, the

tax-based

shared responsibility payment imposed by the Affordable Care Act on certain individuals who fail to maintain qualifying health coverage for all or part of a year that is commonly referred to as the “individual mandate”. Further, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, or the BBA, among other things, amends the Affordable Care Act, effective January 1, 2019, to close the coverage gap in most Medicare drug plans, commonly referred to as the “donut hole”. We expect there will be additional challenges and amendments to the Affordable Care Act in the future.

In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. On August 2, 2011, President Obama signed into law the Budget Control Act of 2011, which, among other things, created the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to recommend to Congress proposals in spending reductions. The Joint Select Committee did not achieve a targeted deficit reduction of at least $1.2 trillion for the years 2013 through 2021, triggering the legislation’s automatic reduction to several government programs. This includes reductions to Medicare payments to providers of 2% per fiscal year, which went into effect in April 2013 and, following passage of subsequent legislative amendments to the statute, including the BBA, will stay in effect through 2027, unless additional congressional action is taken. On January 2, 2013, President Obama signed into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitals, imaging centers and cancer treatment centers and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years.

Given the current political environment, we expect that additional state and federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products and services, which could result in reduced demand for our products or additional pricing pressure.

Our operations involve the use of hazardous and toxic materials, and we must comply with environmental laws and regulations, which can be expensive, and may affect our business and operating results.

We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local regulations relating to the use, handling, storage, disposal and human exposure to hazardous materials. Liability under environmental laws can be joint and several, and without regard to comparative fault, and environmental laws could become more stringent over time, imposing greater compliance costs and increasing risks and penalties associated with violations, which could harm our business. Although we believe that our activities conform in all material respects with environmental laws, there can be no assurance that violations of environmental and health and safety laws will not occur in the future as a result of human error, accident, equipment failure or other causes. The failure to comply with past, present or future laws could result in the imposition of fines, third-party property damage and personal injury claims, investigation and remediation costs, the suspension of production, or a cessation of operations. We also expect that our operations will be affected by other new environmental and health and safety laws on an ongoing basis. Although we cannot predict the ultimate impact of any such new laws, they will likely result in additional costs, and may require us to change how we manufacture our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Failure to comply with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and similar laws associated with any activities outside the United States could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

We are subject to the FCPA and other anti-bribery legislation around the world. The FCPA prohibits covered entities and their intermediaries from engaging in bribery or making other prohibited payments, offers or promises to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or other advantages. In addition, the FCPA imposes recordkeeping and internal controls requirements on publicly traded corporations and their foreign affiliates, which are intended to, among other things, prevent the diversion of corporate funds to the payment of bribes and other improper payments, and to prevent the establishment of “off books” slush funds from which such improper payments can be made. Although we currently have very little commercial activity outside the United States, in the future we may face significant risks if we fail to comply with the FCPA and other laws that prohibit improper payments, offers or promises of payment to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by us and other business entities for the

purpose of obtaining or retaining business or other advantages. In many foreign countries, particularly in countries with developing economies, some of which may represent attractive markets for us, it may be a local custom that businesses operating in such countries engage in business practices that are prohibited by the FCPA or other laws and regulations. Although we have implemented a company policy requiring our employees and consultants to comply with the FCPA and similar laws, such policy may not be effective at preventing all potential FCPA or other violations. There can be no assurance that none of our employees and agents, or those companies to which we outsource certain portions of our business operations, will not take actions that violate our policies or applicable laws, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. As a result of our focus on managing our growth, our development of infrastructure designed to identify FCPA matters and monitor compliance is at an early stage. Any violation of the FCPA and related policies could result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, which could have a material and adverse effect on our reputation, business, operating results and financial condition.

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Changes in funding for the FDA, the SEC and other government agencies could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal functions on which the operation of our business may rely, which could negatively impact our business.

The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept payment of user fees, and statutory, regulatory and policy changes. Average review times at the agency have fluctuated in recent years as a result. In addition, government funding of the SEC and other government agencies on which our operations may rely, including those that fund research and development activities is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable.

Disruptions at the FDA and other agencies may also slow the time necessary for new drugs to be reviewed and/or approved by necessary government agencies, which would adversely affect our business. For example, over the last several years, including most recently in December 2018, the U.S. government has shut down several times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA and the SEC, have had to furlough critical FDA, SEC and other government employees and stop critical activities. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to timely review and process our regulatory submissions which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, future government shutdowns could impact our ability to access the public markets and obtain necessary capital in order to properly capitalize and continue our operations.

Risks Relating to Intellectual Property Matters

Intellectual property rights may not provide adequate protection, which may permit third parties to compete against us more effectively.

Our success depends significantly on our ability to protect our proprietary rights to the technologies and inventions used in, or embodied by, our products. To protect our proprietary technology, we rely on patent protection, as well as a combination of copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, as well as nondisclosure, confidentiality and other contractual restrictions in our consulting and employment agreements. However, these legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep any competitive advantage.

Patents

The process of applying for patent protection itself is time consuming and expensive and we cannot assure you that all of our patent applications will issue as patents or that, if issued, they will issue in a form that will be advantageous to us. The rights granted to us under our patents, including prospective rights sought in our pending patent applications, may not be meaningful or provide us with any commercial advantage and they could be opposed, contested or circumvented by our competitors or be declared invalid or unenforceable in judicial or administrative proceedings.

We own numerous issued patents and pending patent applications that relate to the sinus delivery of sustained release therapeutics, sinus delivery of implants, implant designs, as well as individual components of our steroid releasing systems. The API contained in our steroid releasing implants is generic and is not the subject of independent patent protection. If any of our patents are challenged, invalidated or legally circumvented by third parties, and if we do not own other enforceable patents protecting our products, competitors could market products and use processes that are substantially similar to, or superior to, ours, and our business may suffer. In addition, the patents we own may not be of sufficient scope or strength to provide us with any meaningful protection or commercial advantage, and competitors may be able to design around our patents or develop products that provide outcomes comparable to ours without infringing on our intellectual property rights.

Recent patent reform legislation may increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents. On September 16, 2011, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the Leahy-Smith Act, was signed into law. The Leahy-Smith Act includes a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law. These include provisions that affect the way patent applications are prosecuted, redefine prior art, may affect patent litigation, and switch the U.S. patent system from a

“first-to-invent”

system to a

“first-to-file”

system. Under a

“first-to-file”

system, assuming the other requirements for patentability are met, the first inventor to file a patent application generally will be entitled to the patent on an

invention regardless of whether another inventor had made the invention earlier. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, recently developed new regulations and procedures to govern administration of the Leahy-Smith Act, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated with the Leahy-Smith Act, and in particular, the

first-to-file

provisions, only became effective on March 16, 2013. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the Leahy-Smith Act will have on the operation of our business. However, the Leahy-Smith Act and its implementation may increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents, all of which may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. In addition, patent reform legislation may pass in the future that may lead to additional uncertainties and increased costs surrounding the prosecution, enforcement, and defense of our patents and applications.

We may be subject to a third-party

pre-issuance

submission of prior art to the USPTO, or become involved in opposition, derivation, reexamination, inter partes review, post-grant review, or other patent office proceedings or litigation, in the United States

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or elsewhere, challenging our patent rights. An adverse determination in any such submission, proceeding or litigation may reduce the scope of, or invalidate, our patent rights, allow third parties to commercialize our technology or products and compete directly with us, without payment to us, or result in our inability to manufacture or commercialize products without infringing third-party patent rights.

Moreover, the USPTO and various foreign governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. In addition, periodic maintenance fees on issued patents often must be paid to the USPTO and foreign patent agencies over the lifetime of the patent. While an unintentional lapse can in many cases be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules, there are situations in which noncompliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction.

Non-compliance

events that could result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application include, but are not limited to, failure to respond to official actions within prescribed time limits,

non-payment

of fees and failure to properly legalize and submit formal documents. If we fail to maintain the patents and patent applications covering our products or procedures, we may not be able to stop a competitor from marketing products that are the same as or similar to our products, which may have a material adverse effect on our business.

Competing products may also be sold in other countries in which our patent coverage might not exist or be as strong. We do not have patent rights in certain foreign countries in which a market may exist in the future, and the laws of many foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Thus, we may not be able to stop a competitor from marketing and selling in foreign countries products that are the same as or similar to our products.

Trademarks

We rely on our trademarks as one means to distinguish our products from the products of our competitors and have registered or applied to register many of these trademarks. Our trademark applications may not be approved, however. Third parties may oppose our trademark applications, or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks. In the event that our trademarks are successfully challenged, we may be forced to rebrand our products, which may result in loss of brand recognition and may require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands. Our competitors may infringe our trademarks and we may not have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks.

Trade Secrets and

Know-How

We may not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge or other trade secrets by consultants, vendors, former employees or current employees, despite the existence generally of confidentiality agreements and other contractual restrictions. Monitoring unauthorized uses and disclosures of our intellectual property is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property will be effective.

Moreover, our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and

know-how.

Competitors could purchase our steroid releasing implants and attempt to replicate some or all of the competitive advantages we derive from our development efforts, willfully infringe our intellectual property rights, design around our protected technology or develop their own competitive technologies that fall outside of our intellectual property rights. If our intellectual property is not adequately protected so as to protect our market against competitors’ products and methods, our competitive position may be adversely affected, as may our business.

We may in the future be a party to patent and other intellectual property litigation and administrative proceedings that may be costly and may interfere with our ability to sell our commercial and, if approved, pipeline products.

The industries in which we operate in have been characterized by frequent and extensive intellectual property litigation. Additionally, the ENT market is extremely competitive. Our competitors, such as Medtronic, Olympus, Johnson & Johnson, Stryker, and Smith & Nephew, or other patent holders may assert that our steroid releasing implants and the methods employed in our steroid releasing implants are covered by their patents. If our steroid releasing implants or methods are found to infringe, we may be prevented from manufacturing or marketing our steroid releasing implants. In the event that we become involved in such a dispute, we may incur significant costs and expenses, may be prevented from marketing our products and may need to devote resources to resolving any claims, which would reduce the cash we have available for operations and may be distracting to management. If we lose

a patent lawsuit, alleging our infringement of a competitor’s patents, we may be prevented from marketing our steroid releasing implants in one or more countries. We may also initiate litigation against third parties to protect our own intellectual property. Our intellectual property has not been tested in litigation. If we initiate litigation to protect our rights, we run the risk of having our patents invalidated, which may undermine our competitive position.

Litigation related to infringement and other intellectual property claims, with or without merit, is unpredictable, may be expensive and time-consuming and may divert management’s attention from our core business. If we lose this kind of litigation, a court may require us to pay substantial damages, treble damages and attorneys’ fees, and prohibit us from using technologies essential to our steroid releasing implants, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. If relevant patents are upheld as valid and enforceable and we are found to infringe, we may be prevented from selling our steroid releasing implants unless we can obtain licenses to use technology covered by such patents. We do not know whether any

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necessary licenses would be available to us on satisfactory terms, if at all. If we cannot obtain these licenses, we may be forced to design around those patents at additional cost or abandon our products altogether. As a result, our ability to grow our business and compete in the market may be harmed.

We may be subject to damages resulting from claims that we or our employees have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of our competitors or are in breach of
non-competition
or
non-solicitation
agreements with our competitors.

Many of our employees were previously employed at other medical device companies, including our competitors or potential competitors, in some cases until recently. We may in the future be subject to claims that we or our employees have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed alleged trade secrets or other proprietary information of these former employers or competitors. In addition, we have been and may in the future be subject to claims that we caused an employee to breach the terms of his or her

non-competition

non-solicitation

agreement. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation may result in substantial costs and may be a distraction to management. If our defense to those claims fails, in addition to paying monetary damages, a court may prohibit us from using technologies or features that are essential to our products, if such technologies or features are found to incorporate or be derived from the trade secrets or other proprietary information of the former employers. An inability to incorporate technologies or features that are important or essential to our products may have a material adverse effect on our business and may prevent us from selling our products. In addition, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Any litigation or the threat thereof may adversely affect our ability to hire employees or contract with independent sales representatives. A loss of key personnel or their work product may hamper or prevent our ability to commercialize our products, which may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Relating to Our Capital Requirements and Finances

We may need substantial additional funding and may be unable to raise capital when needed, which would force us to delay, reduce, eliminate or abandon our commercialization efforts or product development programs.

Our ability to continue as a going concern may require us to obtain additional financing to fund our operations. We may need to raise substantial additional capital to:

expand the commercialization of our products;

fund our operations and clinical studies;

continue our research and development activities;

defend, in litigation or otherwise, any claims that we infringe third-party patents or other intellectual property rights;

enforce our patent and other intellectual property rights;

address legal or enforcement actions by the FDA or other governmental agencies and remediate underlying problems;

commercialize our new products in development, if any such products receive regulatory clearance or approval for commercial sale; and

acquire companies and

in-license

products or intellectual property.

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, revenue and available debt financing arrangements will be sufficient to meet our capital requirements and fund our operations for at least twelve months after the date the financial statements are issued. However, we have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could spend our available financial resources much faster than we currently expect. Any future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

market acceptance of our products, including access to adequate reimbursement;

the cost of our research and development activities, including clinical studies;

the cost of filing and prosecuting patent applications and defending and enforcing our patent or other intellectual property rights;

the cost of defending, in litigation or otherwise, any claims that we infringe third-party patents or other intellectual property rights;

the cost and timing of additional regulatory clearances or approvals;

the cost and timing of growing sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

costs associated with any product recall that may occur;

the effect of competing technological and market developments;

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the extent to which we acquire or invest in products, technologies and businesses, although we currently have no commitments or agreements relating to any of these types of transactions; and

the costs of operating as a public company.

If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution. Any future debt financing into which we enter may impose upon us covenants that restrict our operations, including limitations on our ability to incur liens or additional debt, pay dividends, repurchase our stock, make certain investments and engage in certain merger, consolidation or asset sale transactions. Any debt financing or additional equity that we raise may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third parties, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or our products or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If we are unable to raise adequate funds, we may have to liquidate some or all of our assets, or delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate some or all of our development programs.

We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. If we do not have, or are not able to obtain, sufficient funds, we may have to delay development or commercialization of our products or license to third parties the rights to commercialize products or technologies that we would otherwise seek to commercialize. We also may have to reduce marketing, customer support or other resources devoted to our products or cease operations. Any of these factors could harm our operating results.

Our ability to use our net operating losses and research and development credit carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

In general, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change,” generally defined as a greater than 50% change by value in its equity ownership over a three-year period, is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its

pre-change

net operating losses, or NOLs, and its research and development credit carryforwards to offset future taxable income. Our existing NOLs and research and development credit carryforwards may be subject to limitations arising from previous ownership changes, and if we undergo an ownership change, our ability to utilize NOLs and research and development credit carryforwards could be further limited by Sections 382 and 383 of the Code. Future changes in our stock ownership, some of which might be beyond our control, could result in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Code. For these reasons, in the event we experience a change of control, we may not be able to utilize a material portion of the NOLs and research and development credit carryforwards, even if we attain profitability.

Changes in generally accepted accounting principles may materially adversely affect our reported results of operation or financial condition.

From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issues new accounting principles. For example, in May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards UpdateNo.

2014-09,

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

, with amendments in 2015 and 2016, which created a new Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, or Topic 606, that replaced most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, when it became effective for us on January 1, 2018. Under Topic 606, more judgment and estimates are required within the revenue recognition process than were previously required under GAAP. Changes to existing rules, or changes to interpretations of existing rules, could lead to changes in our accounting policies and systems. Such changes could materially adversely affect our reported financial results and stock price.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

We expect that the price of our common stock will fluctuate substantially.

The market price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, highly volatile. The stock market in general and the market for medical device companies in particular have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in our common stock. The market price of our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including:

volume and timing of sales of our steroid releasing implants;

changes in reimbursement or in coverage by commercial payors related to our products;

changes in governmental regulations or in the status of our regulatory approvals or applications;

the introduction of new products or product enhancements by us or others in our industry;

disputes or other developments with respect to our or others’ intellectual property rights;

our ability to develop, obtain regulatory clearance or approval for, and market new and enhanced products on a timely basis;

product liability claims or other litigation;

quarterly variations in our results of operations or those of others in our industry;

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sales of large blocks of our common stock, including sales by our executive officers and directors;

media exposure of our steroid releasing implants or products of others in our industry;

changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts; and

general market conditions and other factors, including factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors.

In recent years, the stock markets generally have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry factors may significantly affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the trading market for our common stock.

In addition, in the past, class action litigation has often been instituted against companies whose securities have experienced periods of volatility in market price. Securities litigation brought against us following volatility in our stock price, regardless of the merit or ultimate results of such litigation, such as the class action filed against us in May 2019, could result in substantial costs, which would hurt our financial condition and operating results and divert management’s attention and resources from our business.

These and other factors may make the price of our stock volatile and subject to unexpected fluctuation.

Securities analysts may not publish favorable research or reports about our business or may publish no information at all, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

The trading market for our common stock will be influenced to some extent by the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us and our business. We do not control these analysts. If any of the analysts who cover us provide inaccurate or unfavorable research or issue an adverse opinion regarding our stock price, our stock price could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports covering us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

If we experience material weaknesses or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial condition or results of operations which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

We are required, under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, and our auditors are required to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls. This resulted in increased compliance fees. Our management assessment needs to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency or combination of deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual and interim financial statements will not be detected or prevented on a timely basis.

Though we have enhanced our internal controls, processes and related documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404, future evaluations and tests may reveal material weaknesses. If during the evaluation and testing process, we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal controls are effective. The effectiveness of our controls and procedures may be limited by a variety of factors, including:

faulty human judgment and simple errors, omissions or mistakes;

fraudulent action of an individual or collusion of two or more people;

inappropriate management override of procedures; and

the possibility that any enhancements to controls and procedures may still not be adequate to assure timely and accurate financial control.

If we are unable to confirm that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our auditors are unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could cause the price of our common stock to decline.

Our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud.

We are subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. We designed our disclosure controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance that information we must disclose in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, and recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. We believe that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well-conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.

These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by an unauthorized override of the controls. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in our control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control of us that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, thereby depressing the market price of our common stock. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors. Because our board of directors is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions could in turn affect any attempt by our stockholders to replace current members of our management team. Among others, these provisions include that:

our board of directors has the right to expand the size of our board of directors and to elect directors to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;

our stockholders may not act by written consent or call special stockholders’ meetings; as a result, a holder, or holders, controlling a majority of our capital stock would not be able to take certain actions other than at annual stockholders’ meetings or special stockholders’ meetings called by the board of directors, the chairman of the board, the chief executive officer or the president;

our certificate of incorporation prohibits cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;

the affirmative vote of holders of at least

66-2/3%

of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of voting stock, voting as a single class, will be required (a) to amend certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation, including provisions relating to the size of the board, removal of directors, special meetings, actions by written consent and cumulative voting and (b) to amend or repeal our bylaws, although our bylaws may be amended by a simple majority vote of our board of directors;

stockholders must provide advance notice and additional disclosures in order to nominate individuals for election to the board of directors or to propose matters that can be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company; and

our board of directors may issue, without stockholder approval, shares of undesignated preferred stock; the ability to issue undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for our board of directors to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to acquire us.

Moreover, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner.

~~ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS~~

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

~~ITEM 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES~~

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

~~ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES~~

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable.

~~ITEM 5.OTHER INFORMATION~~

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

~~ITEM 6.EXHIBITS~~

      Incorporation By Reference
Exhibit

Description
   Form    SEC File No.    Exhibit    Filing Date
    3.1    Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation    8-K    001-36545    3.1    7/30/2014
    3.2    Amended and Restated Bylaws    S-1    333-196974    3.4    7/9/2014
    4.1    Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Registrant    S-1    333-196974    4.1    7/14/2014
    4.2    Reference is made to Exhibits3.1 and3.2
    4.3    Third Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2013, by and among the Registrant and certain of its stockholders    S-1    333-196974    10.6    6/23/2014
  10.1†    Processing Agreement by and between the registrant and Isomedix Operations Inc., dated as of February 1, 2019
  10.2    Amendment to Offer Letter by and between the registrant and Robert H. Binney, Jr., dated as of January 17, 2019
  31.1    Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule13a-14(a) and15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  31.2    Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule13a-14(a) and15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  32.1*    Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS    XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

†ITEM 6.

~~Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, is omitted because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.~~

EXHIBITS

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Incorporation by Reference

Exhibit

Description

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

3.1

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation

8-K

001-36545

3.1

7/30/2014

3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws

S-1

333-196974

3.4

7/9/2014

4.1

Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Registrant

S-1

333-196974

4.1

7/14/2014

4.2

Reference is made to

Exhibits 3.1

and

3.2

4.3

Third Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2013, by and among the Registrant and certain of its stockholders

S-1

333-196974

10.6

6/23/2014

10.1

Offer Letter by and between the registrant and Thomas A. West, dated as of June 24, 2019

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*

Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

Exhibit 32.1 is being furnished and shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such exhibit be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise specifically stated in such filing.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


Dated: ~~May 7,~~August 5, 2019						Intersect ENT, Inc. (Registrant)

						/s/ ~~Lisa D. Earnhardt~~Thomas A. West
						~~Lisa D. Earnhardt~~ Thomas A. West
						President and Chief Executive Officer (Duly Authorized Officer)

						/s/ Jeryl L. Hilleman
						Jeryl L. Hilleman
						Chief Financial Officer
						(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)


	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(unaudited)			(1)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,593		$	9,464
Short-term investments,available-for-sale		88,993			91,309
Accounts receivable, net		17,331			19,616
Inventory		13,916			11,586
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,372			2,695

Total current assets		131,205			134,670
Property and equipment, net		5,975			5,878
Othernon-current assets		1,861			413

Total assets	$	139,041		$	140,961

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	4,240		$	6,202
Accrued compensation		13,180			12,281
Other current liabilities		2,674			1,250

Total current liabilities		20,094			19,733
Othernon-current liabilities		200			234

Total liabilities		20,294			19,967
Commitments and contingencies (note 9)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value;
Authorized shares: 10,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; Issued and outstanding shares: none		—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value;
Authorized shares: 150,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; Issued and outstanding shares: 31,162 at March 31, 2019 and 30,745 at December 31, 2018		31			31
Additionalpaid-in capital		317,247			308,766
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		36			(41	)
Accumulated deficit		(198,567	)		(187,762	)

Total stockholders’ equity		118,747			120,994

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	139,041		$	140,961


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Revenue	$	26,673		$	24,723
Cost of sales		4,645			5,482

Gross profit		22,028			19,241
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		27,207			21,516
Research and development		6,266			4,273

Total operating expenses		33,473			25,789

Loss from operations		(11,445	)		(6,548	)
Interest income and other, net		640			412

Net loss		(10,805	)		(6,136	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments, net		77			(65	)

Comprehensive loss	$	(10,728)		$	(6,201	)

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.35)		$	(0.21)

Weighted average common shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted		30,918			29,878


					Additional		Accumulated Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in Capital		Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Accumulated Deficit			Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares		Amount		Paid-in Capital		Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Accumulated Deficit			Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018		30,745	$	31	$	308,766	$	(41	)	$	(187,762	)	$	120,994
Issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options		417		—		4,467		—			—			4,467
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		4,014		—			—			4,014
Unrealized gain on short-term investments		—		—		—		77			—			77
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(10,805	)		(10,805	)

Balance at March 31, 2019		31,162	$	31	$	317,247	$	36		$	(198,567	)	$	118,747



Balance at December 31, 2017		29,678	$	30	$	282,121	$	(92	)	$	(164,840	)	$	117,219
Issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options		421		—		4,224		—			—			4,224
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		3,138		—			—			3,138
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		—		—		—		(65	)		—			(65	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(6,136	)		(6,136	)

Balance at March 31, 2018		30,099	$	30	$	289,483	$	(157	)	$	(170,976	)	$	118,380


	March 31, 2019									December 31, 2018
	Amortized		Gross Unrealized					Estimated		Amortized		Gross Unrealized					Estimated
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value		Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
Cash	$	5,202	$	—	$	—		$	5,202	$	4,168	$	—	$	—		$	4,168
Money market funds		2,139		—		—			2,139		2,308		—		—			2,308
Corporate debt securities		39,595		21		(3	)		39,613		45,177		5		(17	)		45,165
Commercial paper		50,614		19		(1	)		50,632		49,161		—		(29	)		49,132

	$	97,550	$	40	$	(4	)	$	97,586	$	100,814	$	5	$	(46	)	$	100,773

Reported as:
Cash and cash equivalents								$	8,593								$	9,464
Short-term investments,available-for-sale									88,993									91,309

								$	97,586								$	100,773


	March 31, 2019
Current portion included in other current liabilities	$	1,786
Non-current portion included in othernon-current liabilities		156

	$	1,942


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of period		3,688		$	20.84
Granted		815			31.18
Exercised		(284	)		15.74
Forfeited		(77	)		23.48

Outstanding, end of period		4,142			23.18

Exercisable		1,945			18.87


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	RSUs			Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of period		350		$	24.92
Awarded		205			32.42
Vested		(133	)		22.07
Forfeited		(14	)		25.49

Outstanding, end of period		408			29.60


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Cost of sales	$	236	$	260
Selling, general and administrative		2,974		2,366
Research and development		659		512

	$	3,869	$	3,138