Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbols	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Class A Common Stock, $.01 par value	DGICA	The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Class B Common Stock, $.01 par value	DGICB	The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

~~24,195,190~~

25,752,572

of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and

5,576,775

shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding on October 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

Table of Contents

DONEGAL GROUP INC.

INDEX TO FORM

10-Q

REPORT


		Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements		1

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		22	20

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		32
~~Item 4.~~	~~Controls and Procedures~~		32	29

~~PART II~~ Item 4.	~~OTHER INFORMATION~~Controls and Procedures	30

~~Item 1.~~ PART II	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings		33	31

Item 1A.	Risk Factors		33	31

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		34	31

Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities		35	31

Item 4.	Removed and Reserved		35	31

Item 5.	Other Information		35	31

Item 6.	Exhibits		36	32

Signatures			37	1

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

September 30,

2020

December 31,

2019

   (Unaudited)
Assets

Investments

Fixed maturities

Held to maturity, at amortized cost
   $ 552,981,914 $ 476,093,782
Available for sale, at fair value
   578,040,314 564,951,803
Equity securities, at fair value
   54,944,826 55,477,556
Short-term investments, at cost, which approximates fair value
   20,685,938 14,030,222


Total investments
   1,206,652,992 1,110,553,363
Cash
   87,876,852 49,318,930
Accrued investment income
   8,623,259 7,066,029
Premiums receivable
   177,674,682 165,732,949
Reinsurance receivable
   403,864,468 367,021,468
Deferred policy acquisition costs
   61,554,554 59,284,859
Deferred tax asset, net
   6,511,012 8,514,311
Prepaid reinsurance premiums
   174,391,958 142,475,767
Property and equipment, net
   4,436,397 4,558,072
Accounts receivable - securities
   299,538 4,961
Federal income taxes recoverable

4,405,349

—
Goodwill
   5,625,354 5,625,354
Other intangible assets
   958,010 958,010
Other
   1,332,570 2,047,058


Total assets
   $ 2,144,206,995 $ 1,923,161,131


Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Liabilities

Unpaid losses and loss expenses
   $ 941,930,342 $ 869,673,849
Unearned premiums
   558,231,113 510,147,485
Accrued expenses
   24,584,358 28,453,744
Reinsurance balances payable
   2,376,710 2,116,084
Borrowings under lines of credit
   85,000,000 35,000,000
Cash dividends declared to stockholders
   0 4,075,234
Subordinated debentures
   5,000,000 5,000,000
Accounts payable—securities
   9,072,150 1,119
Income taxes payable
   0 84,831
Due to affiliate
   6,455,268 10,069,171
Other
   7,488,378 7,524,095


Total liabilities
   1,640,138,319 1,472,145,612


Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred stock, $.01 par value, authorized 2,000,000 shares; 0ne issued
   — —
Class A common stock, $.01 par value, authorized 50,000,000 shares, issued
27,141,361
and 26,203,935 shares and outstanding
24,138,773
and 23,201,347 shares
   271,414 262,040
Class B common stock, $.01 par value, authorized 10,000,000 shares, issued 5,649,240 shares and outstanding
5,576,775 shares
   56,492 56,492
Additional
paid-in
capital
   281,917,193 268,151,601
Accumulated other comprehensive income
   10,370,217 504,170
Retained earnings
   252,679,717 223,267,573
Treasury stock, at cost
   (41,226,357 ) (41,226,357 )


Total stockholders’ equity
   504,068,676 451,015,519


Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
   $ 2,144,206,995 $ 1,923,161,131


	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
		(Unaudited)
Assets
Investments
Fixed maturities
Held to maturity, at amortized cost	$	661,080,363		$	586,609,439
Available for sale, at fair value		520,490,593			555,136,017
Equity securities, at fair value		71,182,988			58,556,173
Short-term investments, at cost, which approximates fair value		4,693,721			20,900,155

Total investments		1,257,447,665			1,221,201,784
Cash		68,904,458			103,094,236
Accrued investment income		9,107,677			7,936,879
Premiums receivable		181,544,695			169,596,332
Reinsurance receivable		456,650,868			408,908,850
Deferred policy acquisition costs		70,396,767			59,156,958
Deferred tax asset, net		5,939,053			5,683,113
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		184,354,144			169,418,333
Property and equipment, net		3,299,347			4,390,377
Accounts receivable - securities		66,781			67,676
Federal income taxes recoverable		6,356,968			3,089,369
Goodwill		5,625,354			5,625,354
Other intangible assets		958,010			958,010
Other		1,363,087			1,393,053

Total assets	$	2,252,014,874		$	2,160,520,324

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Losses and loss expenses	$	1,050,163,161		$	962,007,437
Unearned premiums		598,632,054			537,189,598
Accrued expenses		10,346,512			29,115,198
Reinsurance balances payable		3,943,544			3,233,523
Borrowings under lines of credit		35,000,000			85,000,000
Cash dividends declared to stockholders		0			4,436,301
Subordinated debentures		0			5,000,000
Accounts payable - securities		2,067,911			0
Due to affiliate		6,313,813			10,293,495
Other		7,414,463			6,470,652

Total liabilities		1,713,881,458			1,642,746,204

Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, authorized 2,000,000 shares; 0ne issued		0—			0—
Class A common stock, $.01 par value, authorized 50,000,000 shares, issued 28,699,165 and 27,651,774 shares and outstanding 25,696,577 and 24,649,186 shares		286,992			276,518
Class B common stock, $.01 par value, authorized 10,000,000 shares, issued 5,649,240 shares and outstanding 5,576,775 shares		56,492			56,492
Additional paid-in capital		303,844,499			289,149,567
Accumulated other comprehensive income		6,825,161			11,130,612
Retained earnings		268,346,629			258,387,288
Treasury stock, at cost		(41,226,357	)		(41,226,357	)

Total stockholders’ equity		538,133,416			517,774,120

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,252,014,874		$	2,160,520,324

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
Revenues:
Net premiums earned	$	196,234,626		$	184,925,733
Investment income, net of investment expenses		7,763,562			7,403,251
Net investment (losses) gains (includes $ 26,163 and $134,795 accumulated other comprehensive income reclassifications)		(1,570,476	)		3,268,459
Lease income		107,977			107,907
Installment payment fees		570,492			806,916

Total revenues		203,106,181			196,512,266
Expenses:
Net losses and loss expenses		148,142,237			120,881,041
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		31,778,000			29,605,000
Other underwriting expenses		30,101,717			29,480,706
Policyholder dividends		1,287,147			1,811,019
Interest		209,547			219,039
Other expenses, net		217,209			183,877

Total expenses		211,735,857			182,180,682

(Loss) income before income tax (benefit) expense		(8,629,676	)		14,331,584
Income tax (benefit) expense (includes $ 5,494 and $28,307 income tax expense from reclassification items)		(1,917,698	)		2,494,586

Net (loss) income	$	(6,711,978	)	$	11,836,998

(Loss) earnings per common share:
Class A common stock - basic and diluted	$	(0.22	)	$	0.41

Class B common stock - basic and diluted	$	(0.20	)	$	0.37

Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

~~Consolidated Statements of Income~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

Three Months Ended September 30,


2020

2019

Revenues:

Net premiums earned
   $ 184,925,733    $ 189,821,058
Investment income, net of investment expenses
   7,403,251    7,389,749
Net investment gains (losses) (includes $134,795 and $102,311 accumulated other comprehensive income reclassifications)
   3,268,459    (369,041 )
Lease income
   107,907    110,598
Installment payment fees
   806,916    1,057,536




Total revenues
   196,512,266    198,009,900
Expenses:

Net losses and loss expenses
   120,881,041    130,743,395
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
   29,605,000    31,304,000
Other underwriting expenses
   29,480,706    26,516,518
Policyholder dividends
   1,811,019    2,446,696
Interest
   219,039    443,179
Other expenses, net
   183,877    251,228




Total expenses
   182,180,682    191,705,016




Income before income tax expense
   14,331,584    6,304,884
Income tax expense (includes $28,307 and $21,485 income tax expense from reclassification items)
   2,494,586    1,118,505




Net income
   $ 11,836,998    $ 5,186,379




Earnings per common share:

Class A common stock - basic
   $ 0.41    $ 0.19




Class A common stock - diluted
   $ 0.41    $ 0.18




Class B common stock - basic and diluted
   $ 0.37    $ 0.16

~~Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries~~

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30,


2020

2019

Net income
   $ 11,836,998 $ 5,186,379
Other comprehensive income, net of tax

Unrealized gain on securities:

Unrealized holding gain during the period, net of income tax expense of $29,102 and $621,120
   109,480 2,336,599
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income, net of income tax expense of $28,307 and $21,485
   (106,488 ) (80,826 )


Other comprehensive income
   2,992 2,255,773


Comprehensive income
   $ 11,839,990 $ 7,442,152


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
Net (loss) income	$	(6,711,978	)	$	11,836,998
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities:
Unrealized holding (loss) gain during the period, net of income tax (benefit) expense of ( $ 432,664 ) and $29,102		(1,627,641	)		109,480
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income, net of income tax expense of $ 5,494 and $28,307		(20,669	)		(106,488	)

Other comprehensive (loss) income		(1,648,310	)		2,992

Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(8,360,288	)	$	11,839,990

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

DONEGAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Unaudited)

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1 -	Organization

Donegal Mutual Insurance Company (“Donegal Mutual”) organized us as an insurance holding company on August 26, 1986. Our insurance subsidiaries, Atlantic States Insurance Company (“Atlantic States”), Southern Insurance Company of Virginia (“Southern”), the Peninsula Insurance Group (“Peninsula”), which consists of Peninsula Indemnity Company and The Peninsula Insurance Company, and Michigan Insurance Company (“MICO”), and our affiliates write personal and commercial lines of property and casualty ~~insurance~~coverages exclusively through independent insurance agents in certain

Mid-Atlantic,

Midwestern, New England, Southern and ~~Southern~~Southwestern states.

~~At September 30, 2020, we had 3 segments:~~We have 3segments: our investment function, our ~~personal~~commercial lines of insurance and our ~~commercial~~personal lines of ~~insurance. The personal lines products of our insurance subsidiaries consist primarily of homeowners and private passenger automobile policies.~~i

surance. The commercial lines products of our insurance subsidiaries consist primarily of commercial automobile, commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation policies. The personal lines products of our insurance subsidiaries consist primarily of homeowners and private passenger automobile policies.

At September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, Donegal Mutual held approximately

4241

% of our outstanding Class A common stock and approximately

% of our outstanding Class B common stock. This ownership provides Donegal Mutual with approximately

7170

% of the total voting power of our common stock. Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual have interrelated operations due to a pooling agreement and other intercompany agreements and transactions. While each company maintains its separate corporate existence, ~~Donegal Mutual and~~ our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual conduct business together as the Donegal Insurance Group. As such, Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries share the same business philosophy, the same management, the same employees and the same facilities and offer the same types of insurance products.

Atlantic States, our largest subsidiary, participates in a proportional reinsurance agreement, or pooling agreement, with Donegal Mutual. Under the pooling agreement, Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States contribute substantially all of their respective premiums, losses and loss expenses to the ~~two companies~~underwriting pool, ~~their insurance business~~ and ~~each company receives an allocated percentage~~the underwriting pool, acting through Donegal Mutual, then allocates 80% of the pooled ~~business.~~business to Atlantic States. Thus, Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States ~~has an 80%~~ share of the underwriting results of the pooled business ~~and~~in proportion to their respective participation in the underwriting pool.

In addition, Donegal Mutual has a ~~20% share~~100% quota-share reinsurance agreement with Southern Mutual Insurance Company, or Southern Mutual. Donegal Mutual places its assumed business from Southern Mutual into the underwriting pool.

Donegal Mutual completed the merger of Mountain States Mutual Casualty Company, or Mountain States, with and into Donegal Mutual effective May 25, 2017. Donegal Mutual was the surviving company in the merger, and Mountain States’ insurance subsidiaries, Mountain States Indemnity Company and Mountain States Commercial Insurance Company (collectively, the “Mountain States insurance subsidiaries”), became insurance subsidiaries of Donegal Mutual upon completion of the merger. Upon completion of the merger, Donegal Mutual assumed all of the policy obligations of Mountain States and began to market its products together with the Mountain States insurance subsidiaries as the Mountain States Insurance Group in four Southwestern states. Donegal Mutual also entered into a 100% quota-share reinsurance agreement with the Mountain States insurance subsidiaries on the merger date. Beginning with policies effective in 2021, Donegal Mutual began to place the business of the Mountain States Insurance Group into the underwriting pool. As a result, our consolidated financial results through December 31, 2020 excluded the results of the ~~pooled business.~~Mountain States Insurance Group operations in those Southwestern states.

The same executive management and underwriting personnel administer products, classes of business underwritten, pricing practices and underwriting standards of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries. In addition, as the Donegal Insurance Group, Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries share a combined business plan to achieve market penetration and underwriting profitability objectives. The products our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual market are generally complementary, thereby allowing the Donegal Insurance Group to offer a broader range of products to a given market and to expand the Donegal Insurance Group’s ability to service an entire personal lines or commercial lines ~~accounts.~~account. Distinctions within the products of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries ~~offer~~generally relate ~~generally~~ to specific risk profiles targeted within similar classes of business, such as preferred tier ~~products~~ versus standard tier products, but we do not allocate all of the standard risk gradients to ~~any specific company within the Donegal Insurance Group.~~one company. Therefore, the underwriting profitability of the business the individual companies write directly will vary. However, ~~because~~the underwriting pool homogenizes the risk characteristics of all business that Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States write ~~directly are homogenized within~~directly. The business Atlantic States derives from the underwriting pool ~~Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States share the underwriting results in proportion to their respective participation in the underwriting pool.~~

We and Donegal Mutual sold Donegal Financial Services Corporation (“DFSC”) to Northwest Bancshares, Inc. (“Northwest”) on March 8, 2019, resulting in proceeds valued at approximately $85.8 million inrepresents a combination of cash and Northwest common stock. Immediately prior to the closing of the merger, DFSC paid a dividend of approximately $29.2 million to us and Donegal Mutual. As the owner of 48.2% of DFSC’s common stock, we received a dividend payment from DFSC of approximately $14.1 million and consideration from Northwest that included a combination of cash in the amount of $20.5 million and Northwest common stock with a fair value at the closing date of $20.9 million. We recorded a gain of $12.7 million from the sale of DFSC in our results of operations for the first quarter of 2019. We sold the Northwest common stock that we received as part of the consideration during the first quarter of 2019. This transaction represented the culmination of a banking strategy that began with the formation of DFSC in 2000.

~~On July 18, 2013, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which we have the authority to purchase up to 500,000 shares~~significant percentage of our Class A common stock at prices prevailing from time to time in the open market subject to the provisions of applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and in privately negotiated transactions. We did not purchase any shares of our Class A common stock under this program during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019. We have purchased a total ~~of 57,658 shares of our Class A common stock under this program from its inception through September 30, 2020.~~consolidated revenues.

Table of Contents

2 -	Basis of Presentation

Our financial information for the interim periods included in this Form

10-Q

Report is unaudited; however, our financial information we include in this Form

10-Q

Report reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of our management, are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for those interim periods. Our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations we expect for the year ending December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

We recommend you read the interim financial statements we include in this Form

10-Q

Report in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes to our financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form

10-K

for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

3 -

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

We have two classes of common stock, which we refer to as our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock. Our certificate of incorporation provides that whenever our board of directors declares a dividend on our Class B common stock, our board of directors shall simultaneously declare a dividend on our Class A common stock that is payable to the holders of our Class A common stock at the same time and as of the same record date at a rate that is at least 10% greater than the rate at which our board of directors declared a dividend on our Class B common stock. Accordingly, we use the

two-class

method to compute our earnings (loss) per common share. The

two-class

method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings (loss) per share separately for each class of common stock based on dividends we have declared and an allocation of our remaining undistributed earnings (loss) using a participation percentage that reflects the dividend rights of each class.

The table below presents for the periods indicated a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators we used to compute basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021						2020

	Class A			Class B			Class A		Class B

	(in thousands, except per share data)
Basic (loss) earnings per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net (loss) income	$	(5,592	)	$	(1,120	)	$	9,768	$	2,069

Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding		25,676			5,577			23,767		5,577

Basic (loss) earnings per share	$	(0.22	)	$	(0.20	)	$	0.41	$	0.37


Diluted (loss) earnings per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net (loss) income	$	(5,592	)	$	(1,120	)	$	9,768	$	2,069

Denominator:
Number of shares used in basic computation		25,676			5,577			23,767		5,577
Weighted-average shares effect of dilutive securities:
Director and employee stock options		—			—			170		—

Number of shares used in diluted computation		25,676			5,577			23,937		5,577

Diluted (loss) earnings per share	$	(0.22	)	$	(0.20	)	$	0.41	$	0.37

Three Months Ended September 30,


2020

2019

   Class A    Class B    Class A    Class B
   (in thousands, except per share data)
Basic earnings per share:

Numerator:

Allocation of net income
   $ 9,768    $ 2,069    $ 4,269    $ 917








Denominator:

Weighted-average shares outstanding
   23,767    5,577    23,015    5,577








Basic earnings per share
   $ 0.41    $ 0.37    $ 0.19    $ 0.16








Diluted earnings per share:

Numerator:

Allocation of net income
   $ 9,768    $ 2,069    $ 4,269    $ 917








Denominator:

Number of shares used in basic computation
   23,767    5,577    23,015    5,577
Weighted-average shares effect of dilutive    securities:

Director and employee stock options
   170    —      277    —








  Number of shares used in diluted computation
   23,937    5,577    23,292    5,577








Diluted earnings per share
   $ 0.41    $ 0.37    $ 0.18    $ 0.16

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of our fixed maturities at December 31, ~~2019~~2020 were as follows:


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Held to Maturity
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	77,435	$	3,984	$	223	$	81,196
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		312,319		23,212		143		335,388
Corporate securities		173,270		18,172		206		191,236
Mortgage-backed securities		23,585		1,236		0		24,821

Totals	$	586,609	$	46,604	$	572	$	632,641

Amortized Cost


Gross Unrealized
Gains


Gross Unrealized
Losses


Estimated Fair
Value


(in thousands)

Held to Maturity








U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies

$
82,916


$
1,803


$
69


$
84,650

Obligations of states and political subdivisions


204,634



14,237



288



218,583

Corporate securities


156,398



8,275



333



164,340

Mortgage-backed securities


32,146



611



16



32,741









Totals

$
476,094


$
24,926


$
706


$
500,314

Amortized Cost

Gross Unrealized
Gains

Gross Unrealized
Losses

Estimated Fair
Value


(in thousands)

Available for Sale








U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies

$
19,302


$
82


$
19


$
19,365

Obligations of states and political subdivisions


55,162



1,641



7



56,796

Corporate securities


154,946



4,477



180



159,243

Mortgage-backed securities


327,429



2,857



738



329,548









Totals

$
556,839


$
9,057


$
944


$
564,952


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Available for Sale
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	47,512	$	424	$	121	$	47,815
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		66,287		2,690		12		68,965
Corporate securities		202,396		10,496		184		212,708
Mortgage-backed securities		218,763		6,902		17		225,648

Totals	$	534,958	$	20,512	$	334	$	555,136

At December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, our holdings of obligations of states and political subdivisions included general obligation bonds with an aggregate fair value of ~~$182.0~~$263.6 million and an amortized cost of ~~$172.3~~$247.5 million. Our holdings also included special revenue bonds with an aggregate fair value of ~~$93.4~~$140.8 million and an amortized cost of ~~$87.5~~$131.1 million. With respect to both categories of bonds, we held no securities of any issuer that comprised more than 10% of that category at December 31, ~~2019.~~2020. Education bonds and water and sewer utility bonds represented 44% and ~~35%~~39%, respectively, of our total investments in special revenue bonds based on their carrying values at December 31, ~~2019.~~2020. Many of the issuers of the special revenue bonds we held at December 31, ~~2019~~2020 have the authority to impose ad valorem taxes. In that respect, many of the special revenue bonds we held are similar to general obligation bonds.

We made reclassifications from available for sale to held to maturity of certain fixed maturities at fair value on November 30, 2013. We segregated within accumulated other comprehensive income the net unrealized losses of $15.1 million arising prior to the November 30, 2013 reclassifications. We are amortizing this balance over the remaining life of the related securities as an adjustment to yield in a manner consistent with the accretion of discount on the same fixed maturities. We recorded amortization of $

738,815

and $1.1 million ~~and $870,186~~ in other comprehensive income

(loss)

during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. At September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, net unrealized losses of ~~$6.4~~$

5.3

million and ~~$7.5~~$6.1 million, respectively, remained within accumulated other comprehensive income.

111

Table of Contents

We show below the amortized cost and estimated fair value of our fixed maturities at September 30, ~~2020~~2021 by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers of the securities may have the right to call or ~~prepay~~pre

ay obligations with or without call or prepayment ~~penalties.~~penalties


	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Held to maturity
Due in one year or less	$	23,089	$	23,396	$	36,112	$	36,838
Due after one year through five years		86,376		92,539		82,968		87,988
Due after five years through ten years		197,347		213,410		232,949		244,151
Due after ten years		220,376		237,584		291,306		304,474
Mortgage-backed securities		25,794		27,142		17,745		18,656

Total held to maturity	$	552,982	$	594,071	$	661,080	$	692,107


Available for sale
Due in one year or less	$	70,596	$	70,923	$	22,414	$	22,809
Due after one year through five years		103,950		109,598		120,648		126,744
Due after five years through ten years		123,256		128,472		113,678		116,556
Due after ten years		27,292		27,936		31,500		32,264
Mortgage-backed securities		233,403		241,111		218,273		222,118

Total available for sale	$	558,497	$	578,040	$	506,513	$	520,491

The cost and estimated fair values of our equity securities at September 30, ~~2020~~2021 were as follows:

Cost

Gross Gains

Gross Losses

Estimated Fair
Value

   (in thousands)
Equity securities
   $ 42,410    $ 13,875    $ 1,340    $ 54,945


	Cost		Gross Gains		Gross Losses		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Equity securities	$	50,864	$	20,576	$	257	$	71,183

The cost and estimated fair values of our equity securities at December 31, ~~2019~~2020 were as follows:

Cost

Gross Gains

Gross Losses

Estimated Fair
Value

   (in thousands)
Equity securities
   $ 43,419    $ 12,180    $ 121    $ 55,478


	Cost		Gross Gains		Gross Losses		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Equity securities	$	42,410	$	17,103	$	957	$	58,556

121

Table of Contents

Gross investment gains and losses before applicable income taxes for the three months and nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019			2020			2019		2021			2020		2021		2020
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)					(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Gross investment gains:
Fixed maturities	$	159	$	107		$	811		$	479	$	86		$	159	$	610	$	811
Equity securities		3,131		721			5,617			8,293		0			3,131		5,287		5,617
Investment in affiliate		—		—			—			12,662

		3,290		828			6,428			21,434		86			3,290		5,897		6,428

Gross investment losses:
Fixed maturities		22		4			240			324		82			22		156		240
Equity securities		—		1,193			7,128			1,816		1,574			0		601		7,128

		22		1,197			7,368			2,140		1,656			22		757		7,368

Net investment gains (losses)	$	3,268	$	(369	)	$	(940	)	$	19,294
Net investment (losses) gains											$	(1,570	)	$	3,268	$	5,140	$	(940	)

We recognized $

4.7

million of gains and $

248,146

of losses on equity securities we held at September 30, 2021 in net investment gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. We recognized $5.6 million of gains and $3.6 million of losses on equity securities we held at September 30, 2020 in net investment losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. ~~We recognized $6.7 million of gains and $1.2~~

~~million~~

~~of losses on equity securities we held at September 30, 2019 in net investment gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.~~

We held fixed maturities with unrealized losses representing declines that we considered temporary at September 30, ~~2020~~2021 as follows:


	Less Than 12 Months				More Than 12 Months				Less Than 12 Months				More Than 12 Months
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	19,920	$	78	$	—	$	—	$	36,355	$	566	$	17,458	$	540
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		40,735		387		—		—		77,320		1,327		6,532		189
Corporate securities		51,899		695		5,744		763		56,319		726		3,217		283
Mortgage-backed securities		809		11		274		—		75,372		742		133		3

Totals	$	113,363	$	1,171	$	6,018	$	763	$	245,366	$	3,361	$	27,340	$	1,015

We held fixed maturities with unrealized losses representing declines that we considered temporary at December 31, ~~2019~~2020 as follows:


	Less Than 12 Months				More Than 12 Months				Less Than 12 Months				More Than 12 Months
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	7,461	$	46	$	5,395	$	42	$	29,144	$	345	$	—	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		23,339		293		2,327		2		9,362		154		—		—
Corporate securities		19,363		263		18,803		250		26,143		115		8,230		276
Mortgage-backed securities		28,507		56		74,089		698		3,091		15		236		1

Totals	$	78,670	$	658	$	100,614	$	992	$	67,740	$	629	$	8,466	$	277

We make estimates concerning the valuation of our investments and the recognition of other-than-temporary declines in the value of our investments. For equity securities, we measure investments at fair value, and we recognize changes in fair value in our results of operations. With respect to a debt security that is in an unrealized loss position, we first assess if we intend to sell the debt security. If we determine we intend to sell the debt security, we recognize the impairment loss in our results of operations. If we do not intend to sell the debt security, we determine whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery. If we determine it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we recognize the impairment loss in our results of operations. If we determine it is more likely than

~~Table of Contents~~

not that we will not be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we then evaluate whether a credit loss has occurred with respect to that security. We determine whether a credit loss has occurred by comparing the amortized cost of the debt

Table of Contents

security to the present value of the cash flows we expect to collect. If we expect a cash flow shortfall, we consider that a credit loss has occurred. If we determine that a credit loss has occurred, we consider the impairment to be other than temporary. We then recognize the amount of the impairment loss related to the credit loss in our results of operations, and we recognize the remaining portion of the ~~impairment~~impairme

t loss in our other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. In addition, we may write down securities in an unrealized loss position based on a number of other factors, including when the fair value of an investment is significantly below its cost, when the financial condition of the issuer of a security has deteriorated, the occurrence of industry, issuer or geographic events that have negatively impacted the value of a security and rating agency downgrades. We held 77

139

debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position at September 30, ~~2020.~~2021. Based upon our analysis of general market ~~conditions~~cond

tions and underlying factors impacting these debt securities, we considered these declines in value to be temporary.

We amortize premiums and discounts on debt securities over the life of the security as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. We compute realized investment gains and losses using the specific identification method.

We amortize premiums and discounts on mortgage-backed debt securities using anticipated prepayments.

6 -	Segment Information

We evaluate

the performance of our personal lines and commercial lines segments based upon the underwriting results of our insurance subsidiaries using statutory accounting principles (“SAP”) that various state insurance departments prescribe or permit. Our management uses SAP to measure the performance of our insurance subsidiaries instead of United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). SAP financial measures are considered

non-GAAP

financial measures under applicable SEC rules because they include or exclude certain items that the most

comparable GAAP financial measures do not ordinarily include or exclude.

~~Table of Contents~~

Financial data by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 is as follows:

Three Months Ended September 30,


2020

2019

   (in thousands)
Revenues:

Premiums earned:

Commercial lines
   $ 103,436    $ 98,324
Personal lines
   81,490    91,497




Premiums earned
   184,926    189,821
Net investment income
   7,403    7,390
Investment gains (losses)
   3,268    (369 )
Other
   915    1,168




Total revenues
   $ 196,512    $ 198,010




Income before income tax expense:

Underwriting income (loss):

Commercial lines
   $ (1,703 )    $ 2,521
Personal lines
   6,427    (3,312 )




SAP underwriting income (loss)
   4,724    (791 )
GAAP adjustments
   (1,576 )    (399 )




GAAP underwriting income (loss)
   3,148    (1,190 )
Net investment income
   7,403    7,390
Investment gains (losses)
   3,268    (369 )
Other
   513    474




Income before income tax expense
   $ 14,332    $ 6,305

151

Table of Contents


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
	(in thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums earned:
Commercial lines	$	119,709		$	103,436
Personal lines		76,526			81,490

GAAP premiums earned		196,235			184,926
Net investment income		7,764			7,403
Investment (losses) gains		(1,570	)		3,268
Other		677			915

Total revenues	$	203,106		$	196,512

(Loss) income before income tax (benefit) expense:
Underwriting (loss) income:
Commercial lines	$	(10,962	)	$	(1,703	)
Personal lines		(4,976	)		6,427

SAP underwriting (loss) income		(15,938	)		4,724
GAAP adjustments		864			(1,576	)

GAAP underwriting (loss) income		(15,074	)		3,148
Net investment income		7,764			7,403
Investment (losses) gains		(1,570	)		3,268
Other		250			513

(Loss) income before income tax (benefit) expense	$	(8,630	)	$	14,332


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
	(in thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums earned:
Commercial lines	$	344,234		$	307,080
Personal lines		231,741			249,472

GAAP premiums earned		575,975			556,552
Net investment income		22,926			21,952
Investment gains (losses)		5,140			(940	)
Other		2,181			2,759

Total revenues	$	606,222		$	580,323

Income before income tax expense:
Underwriting (loss) income:
Commercial lines	$	(17,437	)	$	2,203
Personal lines		608			19,528

SAP underwriting (loss) income		(16,829	)		21,731
GAAP adjustments		12,101			1,186

GAAP underwriting (loss) income		(4,728	)		22,917
Net investment income		22,926			21,952
Investment gains (losses)		5,140			(940	)
Other		480			894

Income before income tax expense	$	23,818		$	44,823

Nine Months Ended September 30,


2020

2019

   (in thousands)
Revenues:

Premiums earned:

Commercial lines
   $ 307,080    $ 284,593
Personal lines
   249,472    282,065




Premiums earned
   556,552    566,658
Net investment income
   21,952    21,728
Investment (losses) gains
   (940 )    19,294
Equity in earnings of DFSC
   —    295
Other
   2,759    3,538




Total revenues
   $ 580,323    $ 611,513




Income before income tax expense:

Underwriting income (loss):

Commercial lines
   $ 2,203    $ 4,946
Personal lines
   19,528    (10,077 )




SAP underwriting income (loss)
   21,731    (5,131 )
GAAP adjustments
   1,186    1,431




GAAP underwriting income (loss)
   22,917    (3,700 )
Net investment income
   21,952    21,728
Investment (losses) gains
   (940 )    19,294
Equity in earnings of DFSC
   —    295
Other
   894    1,070




Income before income tax expense
   $ 44,823    $ 38,687




15

Table of Contents

7 -	Borrowings

Lines of Credit

In August 2020, we entered into a ~~new~~ credit agreement with Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company (“M&T”) that related to a $20.0 million unsecured demand line of credit. The line of credit has no expiration date, no annual fees and no covenants. At September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, we had no outstanding borrowings from M&T and had the ability to borrow up to $20.0 million at interest rates equal to the then-current LIBOR rate plus 2.00%.

Atlantic States is a member of the FHLB of Pittsburgh. Through its membership, Atlantic States ~~has~~h

s the ability to issue debt to the FHLB of Pittsburgh in exchange for cash advances. ~~In August 2019,~~ Atlantic States ~~exchanged a variable-rate cash advance of $35.0 million that was due in March 2020 for~~has a fixed-rate cash advance of $35.0 million that was outstanding at September 30, ~~2020. Atlantic States incurred a penalty of $176,000 related to the early termination of its previous cash advance.~~2021. The ~~new~~ cash advance carries a fixed interest rate of 1.74% and is due in August 2024. In March 2020, Atlantic States issued $50.0 million of debt to the FHLB of Pittsburgh in exchange for a cash advance in the same amount that ~~was outstanding at September 30, 2020. The debt carries~~carried a fixed interest rate of 0.83% ~~and is due in March 2021.~~. Atlantic States obtained this contingent liquidity funding in light of uncertainty surrounding the economic impact of the

COVID-19

pandemic. Atlantic States repaid this advance when it became due in March 2021. The table below presents the amount of FHLB of Pittsburgh stock Atlantic States purchased, collateral pledged and assets related to Atlantic States’ membership in the FHLB of Pittsburgh at September 30, ~~2020.~~

~~FHLB of Pittsburgh stock purchased and owned~~

~~$ 3,690,100~~

~~Collateral pledged, at par (carrying value $97,159,981) 95,332,095~~

~~Borrowing capacity currently available 10,960,030~~

2021.


FHLB of Pittsburgh stock purchased and owned	$	1,575,600

Collateral pledged, at par (carrying value $41,831,206)		41,155,784

Borrowing capacity currently available		5,504,094

ubordinated Debentures

~~Table~~

In September 2021, upon receipt of ~~Contents~~

~~Subordinated Debentures~~

Donegal Mutual holds a $5.0 million surplus note that MICO issued to increase MICO’s statutory surplus. The surplus note carries an interest rate of 5.00%, and any repayment of principal or payment of interest on the surplus note requires prior approval offrom the Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial ~~Services.~~Services, MIC

O repaid in full the $5.0 million surplus note held previously by Donegal Mutual, along with accrued interest of $178,082.

8 -	Share–Based Compensation

We measure all share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options, and use a fair-value-based method for the recording of related compensation expense in our results of operations. In determining the expense we record for stock options granted to directors and employees of our subsidiaries and affiliates, we estimate the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The significant assumptions we utilize in applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model are the risk-free interest rate, the expected term, the dividend yield and the expected volatility.

We ~~charged~~recorded compensation expense related to our stock compensation plans ~~against income before income taxes~~ of

~~219,051~~

181,595 and ~~$247,301~~$219,051 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, with a corresponding income tax benefit of $

~~46,001~~

$38,135 and ~~$51,933,~~$46,001, respectively. We ~~charged~~recorded compensation expense related to our stock compensation plans ~~against income before income taxes~~ of $

~~863,592~~

$778,763 and ~~$1.1 million~~$863,592 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, with a corresponding income tax benefit of $

~~181,354~~

$163,540 and ~~$233,851,~~$181,354, respectively. At September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, we had ~~$1.0 million~~$852,888 of unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested share-based compensation granted under our stock compensation plans that we expect to recognize over a weighted average period of approximately

1.4

years.

~~years.~~

We received cash from option exercises under all stock compensation plans during the three months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 of $

~~8.1~~764,956

~~million~~ and ~~$772,969,~~$8.1 million, respectively. We received cash from option exercises under all stock compensation plans during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 of $

~~11.2~~12.2

million and ~~$1.6~~$11.2 million, respectively. We realized actual tax benefits for the tax deductions related to those option exercises of $

~~163,245~~16,655

and ~~$22,414~~$163,245 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. We realized actual tax benefits for the tax deductions related to those option exercises of $

~~232,123~~437,790

and ~~$38,376~~$232,123 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

Table of Contents

9 -	Fair Value Measurements

We account for financial assets using a framework that establishes a hierarchy that ranks the quality and reliability of the inputs, or assumptions, we use in the determination of fair value, and we classify financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value in one of the following three categories:

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;

Level 2 – directly or indirectly observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices; and

Level 3 – unobservable inputs not corroborated by market data.

For investments that have quoted market prices in active markets, we use the quoted market price as fair value and include these investments in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. We classify publicly-traded equity securities as Level 1. When quoted market prices in active markets are not available, we base fair values on quoted market prices of comparable instruments or price estimates we obtain from independent pricing services and include these investments in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. We classify our fixed maturity investments as Level 2. Our fixed maturity investments consist of U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions, corporate securities and mortgage-backed securities.

We present our investments in

available-for-sale

fixed maturity and equity securities at estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of a security may differ from the amount that could be realized if we sold the security in a forced transaction. In addition, the valuation of fixed maturity investments is more subjective when markets are less liquid, increasing the potential that the estimated fair value does not reflect the price at which an actual transaction would occur. We utilize nationally

recognized independent pricing services to estimate fair values or obtain market quotations for substantially all of our fixed maturity and equity investments. These pricing services utilize market quotations for fixed maturity and equity securities that have quoted prices in active markets. For fixed maturity securities that generally do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing services prepare estimates of fair value measurements based predominantly on observable market inputs. The pricing services do not use broker quotes in determining the fair values of our investments. Our investment personnel review the estimates of

~~Table of Contents~~

fair value the pricing services provide to verify that the estimates we obtain from the pricing services are representative of fair values based upon our investment personnel’s general knowledge of the market, their research findings related to unusual fluctuations in value and their comparison of such values to execution prices for similar securities. Our investment personnel regularly monitor the market, current trading ranges for similar securities and the pricing of specific investments. Our investment personnel review all pricing estimates that we receive from the pricing services against their expectations with respect to pricing based on fair market curves, security ratings, interest rates, security types and recent trading activity. Our investment personnel periodically review documentation with respect to the pricing services’ pricing methodology that they obtain to determine if the primary pricing sources, market inputs and pricing frequency for various security types are reasonable. At September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, we received two estimates per security from the pricing services, and we priced substantially all of our Level 1 and Level 2 investments using those prices. In our review of the estimates the pricing services provided at September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, we did not identify any material discrepancies, and we did not make any adjustments to the estimates the pricing services provided.

We present our cash and short-term investments at estimated fair value. We classify these items as Level 1.

The carrying values we report in our balance sheet for premium receivables and reinsurance receivables and payables for premiums and paid losses and loss expenses approximate their fair values. The carrying amounts we report in our balance sheets for our subordinated debentures and borrowings under lines of credit approximate their fair values. We classify these items as Level 3.

We evaluate our assets and liabilities to determine the appropriate level at which to classify them for each reporting period.

Table of Contents

The following table presents our fair value measurements for our investments in

available-for-sale

ed maturity and equity securities at September

2021


	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	27,429	$	—	$	27,429	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		59,202		—		59,202		—
Corporate securities		211,742		—		211,742		—
Mortgage-backed securities		222,118		—		222,118		—
Equity securities		71,183		68,893		2,290		—

Total investments in the fair value hierarchy	$	591,674	$	68,893	$	522,781	$	—

The following table presents our fair value measurements for our investments in

~~available-for-sale~~a

~~fixed maturity and equity securities at September 30, 2020:~~

Fair Value Measurements Using


Fair Value

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)

Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)

      (in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies
   $ 48,307    $ 0    $ 48,307    $ 0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
   68,777    0    68,777    0
Corporate securities
   219,845    0    219,845    0
Mortgage-backed securities
   241,111    0    241,111    0
Equity securities
   54,945    50,541    4,404    0








Total investments in the fair value hierarchy
   $ 632,985    $ 50,541    $ 582,444    $ 0

~~The following table presents our fair value measurements for our investments in~~

~~available-for-sale~~ailable-for-sale

fixed maturity and equity securities at December 31, ~~2019:~~2020:

Fair Value Measurements Using


Fair Value

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)

Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)


(in thousands)

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies
   $ 19,364    $ —      $ 19,364    $ —
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
   56,796    —      56,796    —
Corporate securities
   159,243    —      159,243    —
Mortgage-backed securities
   329,548    —      329,548    —
Equity securities
   55,478    53,124    2,354    —








Totals
   $ 620,429    $ 53,124    $ 567,305    $ —


	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
				(in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	47,815	$	—	$	47,815	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		68,965		—		68,965		—
Corporate securities		212,708		—		212,708		—
Mortgage-backed securities		225,648		—		225,648		—
Equity securities		58,556		54,152		4,404		—

Totals	$	613,692	$	54,152	$	559,540	$	—

~~Table of Contents~~

10 -	Income Taxes

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, we had no material unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. Tax years 2016 through 2020 remained open for examination at September 30, 2021. We provide a valuation allowance when we believe it is more likely than not that we will not realize some portion of our tax assets. We established a valuation allowance of $

7.9

million for our net state operating loss carryforward. We have determined that we are not required to establish a valuation allowance for our other deferred tax assets of $

28.1

million and $26.7 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, because it is more likely than not that we will realize these deferred tax assets through reversals of existing temporary differences, future taxable income and the implementation of tax planning strategies.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law. The CARES Act amended net operating loss provisions in effect prior to its enactment. The CARES Act allows for the carryback of losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2021 to each of the five taxable years preceding the taxable year of such loss. As a result, we filed amended tax returns in 2020 to carry back net operating losses from taxable year 2018 to past tax years. We recorded a tax benefit of $1.6 million in the first quarter of 2020 in anticipation of a refund of taxes we paid in prior years as a result of the carryback.

At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, we had no material unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. Tax years 2016 through 2019 remained open for examination at September 30, 2020. We provide a valuation allowance when we believe it is more likely than not that we will not realize some portion of our tax assets. We established a valuation allowance of $7.5 million for our net state operating loss carryforward. We have determined that we are not required to establish a valuation allowance for our other deferred tax assets of $

~~25.6~~

million and $26.1 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, because it is more likely than not that we will realize these deferred tax assets through reversals of existing temporary differences, future taxable income and the implementation of tax planning strategies.

Table of Contents

11 -	~~Liability~~ Liabilities for Losses and Loss Expenses

The establishment of an appropriate ~~liability~~liabilities for losses and loss expenses is an inherently uncertain process, and we can provide no assurance that our insurance subsidiaries’ ultimate ~~liability~~liabilities for losses and loss expenses will not exceed their loss and loss expense reserves and have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, we cannot predict the timing, frequency and extent of adjustments to our insurance subsidiaries’ estimated future liabilities, because the historical conditions and events that serve as a basis for our insurance subsidiaries’ estimates of ultimate claim costs may change. As is the case for substantially all property and casualty insurance companies, our insurance subsidiaries have found it necessary in the past to increase their estimated future liabilities for losses and loss expenses in certain periods, and, in other periods, their estimated future liabilities for losses and loss expenses have exceeded their actual liabilities for losses and loss expenses. Changes in our insurance subsidiaries’ estimate of their ~~liability~~liabilities for losses and loss expenses generally reflect actual payments and their evaluation of information received subsequent to the prior reporting period.

We summarize activity in our insurance subsidiaries’ ~~liability~~liabilities for losses and loss expenses as follows:

Nine Months Ended September 30,


2020

2019

   (in thousands)
Balance at January 1
   $ 869,674    $ 814,665
Less reinsurance recoverable
   (362,768 )    (339,267 )




Net balance at January 1
   506,906    475,398




Incurred related to:

Current year
   353,798    393,301
Prior years
   (10,321 )    (7,940 )




Total incurred
   343,477    385,361




Paid related to:

Current year
   169,610    197,234
Prior years
   139,024    157,691




Total paid
   308,634    354,925




Net balance at end of period
   541,749    505,834
Plus reinsurance recoverable
   400,181    358,700




Balance at end of period
   $ 941,930    $ 864,534


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020

	(in thousands)
Balance at January 1	$	962,007		$	869,674
Less reinsurance recoverable		(404,818	)		(362,768	)

Net balance at January 1		557,189			506,906

Incurred related to:
Current year		407,193			353,798
Prior years		(25,874	)		(10,321	)

Total incurred		381,319			343,477

Paid related to:
Current year		183,165			169,610
Prior years		149,910			139,024

Total paid		333,075			308,634

Net balance at end of period		605,433			541,749
Plus reinsurance recoverable		444,730			400,181

Balance at end of period	$	1,050,163		$	941,930

~~Table of Contents~~

Our insurance subsidiaries

recognized a decrease in their ~~liability~~liabilities for losses and loss expenses of prior years of ~~$10.3~~$

25.9

million

and ~~$7.9~~$10.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. Our insurance ~~subsidiaries~~sub

idiaries made no significant changes in their reserving philosophy or claims management personnel, and they have made no significant offsetting changes in estimates that increased or decreased their loss and loss expense reserves in those years. The 2021 development represented

4.6

% of the December 31, 2020 net carried reserves and resulted primarily from lower-than-expected loss emergence or severity in nearly all lines of business. The majority of the 2021 development related to decreases in the liabilities for losses and loss expenses of prior years for Atlantic States and MICO. The 2020 development represented 2.0% of the December 31, 2019 net carried reserves and resulted primarily from lower-than-expected severity in nearly all lines of business, with the exception of modest higher-than-expected severity in commercial automobile. The majority of the 2020 development related to decreases in the ~~liability~~liabilities for losses and loss expenses of prior years for ~~MICO~~Atlantic States and Atlantic States. The 2019 development represented 1.7% of the December 31, 2018 net carried reserves and resulted primarily from lower-than-expected severity in the workers’ compensation line of business. The majority of the 2019 development related to decreases in the liability for losses and loss expenses of prior years for MICO.

Short-duration contracts are contracts for which our insurance subsidiaries receive premiums that they recognize as revenue over the period of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance protection our insurance subsidiaries provide. Our insurance subsidiaries consider the policies they issue to be short-duration contracts. We consider the material lines of business of our insurance subsidiaries to be personal automobile, homeowners, commercial automobile, commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation.

Our insurance subsidiaries determine incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) reserves by subtracting the cumulative loss and loss expense amounts our insurance subsidiaries have paid and the case reserves our insurance subsidiaries have established at the balance sheet date from their actuaries’ estimate of the ultimate cost of losses and loss expenses. Accordingly, the IBNR reserves of our insurance subsidiaries include their actuaries’ projections of the cost of unreported claims as well as their actuaries’ projected development of case reserves on known claims and reopened claims. Our insurance subsidiaries’ methodology for estimating IBNR reserves has been in place for many years, and their actuaries made no significant changes to that methodology during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020.~~2021.

Table of Contents

The actuaries for our insurance subsidiaries generally prepare an initial estimate for ultimate losses and loss expenses for the current accident year by multiplying earned premium by an expected loss ratio for each line of business our insurance subsidiaries write. Expected loss ratios represent the actuaries’ expectation of losses at the time our insurance subsidiaries price and write their policies and before the emergence of any actual claims experience. The actuaries determine an expected loss ratio by analyzing historical experience and adjusting for loss cost trends, loss frequency and severity trends, premium rate level changes, reported and paid loss emergence patterns and other known or observed factors.

The actuaries use a variety of actuarial methods to estimate the ultimate cost of losses and loss ~~expenses.~~e

penses. These methods include paid loss development, incurred loss development and the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method. The actuaries base their selection of a point estimate on a judgmental weighting of the estimates each of these methods produce.

The actuaries consider loss frequency and severity trends when they develop expected loss ratios and point estimates. Loss frequency is a measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure, and loss severity is a measure of the average size of claims. Factors that affect loss frequency include changes in weather patterns and economic activity. Factors that affect loss severity include changes in policy limits, reinsurance retentions, inflation rates and judicial interpretations.

Our insurance subsidiaries create a claim file when they receive notice of an actual demand for payment, an event that may lead to a demand for payment or when they otherwise determine that a demand for payment could potentially lead to a future demand for payment on another coverage under the same policy or another policy they have issued. In recent years, our insurance subsidiaries have noted an increase in the period of time between the occurrence of a casualty loss event and the date at which they receive notice of a liability claim. Changes in the length of time between the loss occurrence date and the claim reporting date affect the actuaries’ ability to predict loss frequency accurately and the amount of IBNR reserves our insurance subsidiaries require.

Our insurance subsidiaries generally create a claim file for a policy at the claimant level by type of coverage and generally recognize one count for each claim event. In certain lines of business where it is common for multiple parties to claim damages arising from a single claim event, our insurance subsidiaries recognize one count for each claimant involved in the event. Atlantic States recognizes one count for each claim event, or claimant involved in a multiple-party claim event, related to losses Atlantic States assumes through its participation in its pooling agreement with Donegal Mutual. Our insurance subsidiaries accumulate the claim counts and report them by line of business.

~~Table of Contents~~

12 -	- Impact of New Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires lessees to recognize leases, including operating leases, on the lessee’s balance sheet, unless a lease is considered a short-term lease. This guidance also requires entities to make new judgments to identify leases. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and permits early adoption. Our adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2019 did not have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies the measurement of goodwill by modifying the goodwill impairment test previous guidance required. The guidance requires an entity to perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize impairment for the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and permits early adoption. We early adopted this guidance in 2019. The adoption of this guidance did not have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance that modifies disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements. The guidance removes the requirements to disclose the amounts of, and reasons for, transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and permits early adoption. We early adopted this guidance in 2019. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2019 did not have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In September 2016, the FASB issued guidance that amends previous guidance on the impairment of financial instruments by adding an impairment model that requires an entity to recognize expected credit losses as an allowance rather than impairments as credit losses are incurred. The intent of this guidance is to reduce complexity and result in a more timely recognition of expected credit losses. In November 2019, the FASB issued guidance that delays the effective date for “smaller reporting companies,” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of

Regulation S-K, to

annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022 from December 15, 2019. We are a smaller reporting company and are in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In December 2019, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies accounting for income taxes. The guidance eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The guidance iswas effective January 1, 2021, using the retrospective method or modified retrospective method for certain changes and the prospective method for all other changes, and permits early adoption. ~~We do not expect our~~Our adoption of this guidance inon January 1, 2021 todid not have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~13 -~~

~~Risks and Uncertainties~~

~~In the first nine months of 2020, the~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~pandemic resulted in significant disruptions in economic activity throughout our operating regions.~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~concerns have also contributed to financial market volatility. We cannot predict at this time the ultimate impact that the economic and financial disruption related to the ongoing~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~pandemic or any other future pandemic will have on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The impact of the following risks and uncertainties could be material:~~

the revenues of our insurance subsidiaries may decrease as a result of reduced demand for their insurance products as the ongoing economic disruption adversely impacts current and potential insurance customers;

~~our insurance subsidiaries may incur an increase in their losses and loss expenses in certain lines of business as a result of~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~and related economic disruption, and such losses and loss expenses may exceed the reserves our insurance subsidiaries have established or may establish in the future;~~

~~our insurance subsidiaries may incur increased costs related to legal disputes over policy coverages or exclusions and their defense against litigation related to~~

~~COVID-19;~~

legislative, judicial and regulatory actions may expand coverage definitions, retroactively mandate coverage or otherwise require our insurance subsidiaries to pay losses for damages that their policies explicitly excluded or did not intend to cover;

~~legislative, judicial and regulatory actions may require our insurance subsidiaries to reduce or refund premiums, suspend cancellation of policies for~~

~~non-payment~~

~~of premiums or otherwise grant extended grace periods and time allowances for the payment of premium balances due to them;~~

our insurance subsidiaries may not be able to collect premium balances due to them, resulting in reduced operating cash flows and an increase in premium write-offs that would increase their operating expenses;

~~our insurance subsidiaries may suffer declines in the market values of their investments as a result of financial market volatility related to~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~concerns and related economic disruption;~~

~~our insurance subsidiaries may experience declines in investment income as a result of lower interest rates that may be available upon reinvestment of the proceeds of maturing investments; and~~

~~Economic disruption related to~~

~~COVID-19~~

could result in significant declines in the credit quality of issuers, ratings downgrades or changes in financial market conditions and regulatory changes that might adversely impact the value of the fixed-maturity investments that our insurance subsidiaries own.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

We recommend that you read the following information in conjunction with the historical financial information and the footnotes to that financial information we include in this Quarterly Report on Form

10-Q.

We also recommend you read Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form

10-K

for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~

2020.

~~Table of Contents~~

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We combine our financial statements with those of our insurance subsidiaries and present our financial statements on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.

Table of Contents

Our insurance subsidiaries make estimates and assumptions that can have a significant effect on amounts and disclosures we report in our financial statements. The most significant estimates relate to the ~~reserves~~liabilities of our insurance subsidiaries for property and casualty insurance ~~unpaid~~ losses and loss expenses. While we believe our estimates and the estimates of our insurance subsidiaries are appropriate, the ultimate amounts of these liabilities may differ from the estimates we provided. We regularly review our methods for making these estimates and we reflect any adjustment we consider necessary in our current consolidated results of operations.

~~Liability~~

Liabilities for ~~Unpaid~~ Losses and Loss Expenses

Liabilities for losses and loss expenses are estimates at a given point in time of the amounts an insurer expects to pay

with respect to incurred policyholder claims based on facts and circumstances the insurer knows at that point in time. For example, legislative, judicial and regulatory actions may expand coverage definitions, retroactively mandate coverage or otherwise require our insurance subsidiaries to pay losses for damages that their policies explicitly excluded or did not intend to cover. At the time of establishing its estimates, an insurer recognizes that its ultimate ~~liability~~liabilities for losses and loss expenses will exceed or be less than such estimates. Our insurance subsidiaries base their estimates of liabilities for losses and loss expenses on assumptions as to future loss trends, expected claims severity, judicial theories of liability and other factors. However, during the loss adjustment period, our insurance subsidiaries may learn additional facts regarding individual claims, and, consequently, it often becomes necessary for our insurance subsidiaries to refine and adjust their estimates for these liabilities. We reflect any adjustments to the liabilities for losses and loss expenses of our insurance subsidiaries in our consolidated results of operations in the period in which our insurance subsidiaries make adjustments to their estimates.

Our insurance subsidiaries maintain liabilities for the payment of losses and loss expenses with respect to both reported and unreported claims. Our insurance subsidiaries establish these liabilities for the purpose of covering the ultimate costs of settling all losses, including investigation and litigation costs. Our insurance subsidiaries base the amount of their liability for reported losses primarily upon a

case-by-case

evaluation of the type of risk involved, knowledge of the circumstances surrounding each claim and the insurance policy provisions relating to the type of loss the policyholder incurred. Our insurance subsidiaries determine the amount of their liability for unreported claims and loss expenses on the basis of historical information by line of insurance. Our insurance subsidiaries account for inflation in the reserving function through analysis of costs and trends and reviews of historical reserving results. Our insurance subsidiaries monitor their liabilities closely and recompute them periodically using new information on reported claims and a variety of statistical techniques. Our insurance subsidiaries do not discount their liabilities for losses and loss expenses.

Table of Contents

Reserve estimates can change over time because of unexpected changes in assumptions related to our insurance

subsidiaries’ external environment and, to a lesser extent, assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ internal operations. For example, our insurance subsidiaries have experienced an increase in claims severity and a lengthening of the claim settlement periods on bodily injury claims during the past several years. These trend changes give rise to greater uncertainty as to the pattern of future loss settlements on bodily injury claims. In addition, the

COVID-19

pandemic and related government mandates and restrictions resulted in various changes from historical claims reporting and settlement trends during 2020 and 2021. Related uncertainties regarding future trends include social inflation, supply chain disruption, the rate of plaintiff attorney involvement in claims and the cost of medical technologies and ~~procedures and changes in the utilization of medical~~ procedures. Assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ external environment include the absence of significant changes in tort law and the legal environment that increase liability exposure, consistency in judicial interpretations of insurance coverage and policy provisions and the rate of loss cost inflation. Internal assumptions include consistency in the recording of premium and loss statistics, consistency in the recording of claims, payment and case reserving methodology, accurate measurement of the impact of rate changes and changes in policy provisions, consistency in the quality and characteristics of business written within a given line of business and consistency in reinsurance coverage and collectability of reinsured losses, among other items. To the extent our insurance subsidiaries determine that underlying factors impacting their assumptions have changed, our insurance subsidiaries make adjustments in their reserves that they consider appropriate for such changes. Accordingly, our insurance subsidiaries’ ultimate ~~liability~~liabilities for ~~unpaid~~ losses and loss expenses will likely differ from the amount recorded at September 30, ~~2020.~~2021. For every 1% change in our insurance subsidiaries’ loss and loss expense reserves, net of reinsurance recoverable, the effect on our

pre-tax

results of operations would be approximately ~~$5.4~~$6.1 million.

The establishment of appropriate liabilities is an inherently uncertain process and we can provide no assurance that our

insurance subsidiaries’ ultimate liability will not exceed our insurance subsidiaries’ loss and loss expense reserves and have an

adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, we cannot predict the timing, frequency and

extent of adjustments to our insurance subsidiaries’ estimated future liabilities, because the historical conditions and events that serve as a basis for our insurance subsidiaries’ estimates of ultimate claim costs may change. As is the case for substantially all property and casualty insurance companies, our insurance subsidiaries have found it necessary in the past to

~~Table of Contents~~

increase their estimated future liabilities for losses and loss expenses in certain periods and, in other periods, their estimated future liabilities for losses and loss expenses have exceeded their actual liabilities for losses and loss expenses. Changes in our insurance subsidiaries’ estimates of their ~~liability~~liabilities for losses and loss expenses generally reflect actual payments and their evaluation of information received subsequent to the prior reporting period.

Excluding the impact of severe weather events and ~~reduced claim frequency in~~ the ~~second and third quarters of 2020 due to restrictions related to~~

COVID-19

pandemic, our insurance subsidiaries have noted stable amounts in the number of claims incurred and the number of claims outstanding at period ends relative to their premium base in recent years across most of their lines of business. However, the amount of the average claim outstanding has increased gradually over the past several years due to various factors such as rising medical loss costs and increased litigation trends. We have also experienced a general slowing of settlement rates in litigated claims. Our insurance subsidiaries could have to make further adjustments to their estimates in the future. However, on the basis of our insurance subsidiaries’ internal procedures, which analyze, among other things, their prior assumptions, their experience with similar cases and historical trends such as reserving patterns, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims and product mix, as well as court decisions, economic conditions and public attitudes, we believe that our insurance subsidiaries have made adequate provision for their ~~liability~~liabilities for losses and loss expenses.

Atlantic States’ participation in the pool with Donegal Mutual exposes Atlantic States to adverse loss development on the business of Donegal Mutual that the pool includes. However, pooled business represents the predominant percentage of the net underwriting activity of both companies, and Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States share proportionately any adverse risk development relating to the pooled business. The business in the pool is homogeneous and each company has a

pro-rata

share of the entire pool. Since the predominant percentage of the business of Atlantic States and Donegal Mutual is pooled and the results shared by each company according to its participation level under the terms of the pooling agreement, the intent of the underwriting pool is to produce a more uniform and stable underwriting result from year to year for each company than either would experience individually and to spread the risk of loss between the companies.

Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries operate together as the Donegal Insurance Group and share a combined business plan designed to achieve market penetration and underwriting profitability objectives. The products our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual offer are generally complementary, thereby allowing Donegal Insurance Group to offer a broader range of products to a given market and to expand Donegal Insurance Group’s ability to service an entire personal lines or commercial lines account. Distinctions within the products of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries generally relate to specific risk profiles targeted within similar classes of business, such as preferred tier products compared to

Table of Contents

incentive costs for our agents and increased underwriting-based incentive costs for our agents and employees. The increase in technology systems-related expenses was primarily due to an increased allocation of costs from Donegal Mutual

~~to our insurance subsidiaries following the successful implementation of the first phase of our ongoing systems modernization project in February 2020.~~

Combined Ratio.

The combined ratio represents the sum of the loss ratio, the expense ratio and the dividend ratio, which is the ratio of policyholder dividends incurred to premiums earned. Our insurance subsidiaries’ combined ratios were

100.8% and 95.9% ~~and 100.7%~~ for the first nine months ~~ended September 30,~~of 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively. We attribute the ~~decrease~~increase in the combined ratio primarily to ~~a decrease~~an increase in the loss ratio for the first nine months of ~~2020~~2021 compared to the first nine months of ~~2019.~~2020.

Interest Expense.

Our interest expense for the first nine months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$871,461,~~$739,163, compared to ~~$1.3~~$871,461 for the first nine months of 2020. We attribute the decrease to lower average borrowings under our lines of credit during the first nine months of 2021 compared to the first nine months of 2020.

Income Taxes.

We recorded income tax expense of $3.8 million for the first nine months of ~~2019.~~

~~We attribute the decrease primarily to lower average interest rates for borrowings under our lines~~2021, representing an effective tax rate of ~~credit, offset partially by higher average borrowings during the first nine months of 2020 compared to the first nine months of 2019.~~

~~Income Taxes.~~

16.1%. We recorded income tax expense of $6.6 million for the first nine months of 2020, representing an effective tax rate of 14.7%. The income tax expense and effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2021 represented an estimate based on our projected annual taxable income. Income tax expense for the first nine months of 2020 included a $1.6 million income tax benefit related to the anticipated carryback of 2018 net operating losses to past tax years with higher statutory income tax rates than are currently in effect, as allowed under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act that was enacted in March 2020. We recorded income tax expense of $5.7 million for the first nine months of 2019, representing an effective tax rate of 14.7%. The income tax expense and effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2020 and 2019 primarily represented an estimate based on our projected annual taxable income.

Net Income and Income Per Share.

Our net income for the first nine months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$38.2~~$20.0 million, or ~~$1.33~~$.66

per ~~diluted~~ share of Class A common stock on a diluted basis and ~~$1.21~~$.59 per share of Class B common stock, compared to ~~$33.0~~$38.2 million, or ~~$1.17~~$1.33 per ~~diluted~~ share of Class A common stock on a diluted basis and ~~$1.06~~$1.21 per share of Class B common stock, for the first nine months of ~~2019.~~2020. We had ~~24.1~~25.7 million and ~~23.0~~24.1 million Class A shares outstanding at September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. We had 5.6 million Class B shares outstanding at the end of both periods.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is a measure of an entity’s ability to secure enough cash to meet its contractual obligations and operating needs as such obligations and needs arise. Our major sources of funds from operations are the net cash flows we generate from our insurance subsidiaries’ underwriting results, investment income and investment maturities.

Our operations have historically generated sufficient net positive cash flow to fund our commitments and add to our investment portfolio, thereby increasing future investment returns and enhancing our liquidity. The impact of the pooling agreement between Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States has historically been cash-flow positive because of the consistent underwriting profitability of the pool. Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States settle their respective obligations to each other under the pool monthly, thereby resulting in cash flows substantially similar to the cash flows that would result from each company writing the business directly. We have not experienced any unusual variations in the timing of claim payments associated with the loss reserves of our insurance subsidiaries. We maintain significant liquidity in our investment portfolio in the form of readily marketable fixed maturities, equity securities and short-term investments. We structure our fixed-maturity investment portfolio following a “laddering” approach, so that projected cash flows from investment income and principal maturities are evenly distributed from a timing perspective, thereby providing an additional measure of liquidity to meet our obligations should an unexpected variation occur in the future. Our operating activities provided net cash flows in the first nine months of 2021 and 2020 of $58.5 million and ~~2019 of~~ $68.5 million, ~~and $48.4 million,~~ respectively.

At September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, we had no outstanding borrowings under our line of credit with M&T and had the ability to borrow up to $20.0 million at interest rates equal to the then-current LIBOR rate plus 2.00%. At September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, Atlantic States had ~~$85.0~~$35.0 million in outstanding advances with the FHLB of Pittsburgh ~~consisting of a $35.0 million advance~~ that ~~carries~~carry a fixed interest rate of 1.74% ~~and a $50.0 million advance that carries a fixed interest rate of 0.83%~~. In ~~March 2020, Atlantic States issued $50.0~~September 2021, upon receipt of approval from the Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services, MICO repaid in full the $5.0 million surplus note held previously by Donegal Mutual, along with accrued interest of debt to the FHLB of Pittsburgh in exchange for a cash advance in the same amount. Atlantic States obtained this contingent liquidity funding in light of uncertainty surrounding the economic impact of the

~~COVID-19~~

~~pandemic.~~

$178,082.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~The following table shows our expected payments for significant contractual obligations at September 30, 2020:~~

Total

Less than 1 year

1-3
years

4-5 years

After 5 years

   (in thousands)
Net liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses of our insurance subsidiaries
   $ 541,749    $ 244,246    $ 255,615    $ 20,374    $ 21,514
Subordinated debentures
   5,000    —      —      —      5,000
Borrowings under lines of credit
   85,000    50,000    —      35,000    —










Total contractual obligations
   $ 631,749    $ 294,246    $ 255,615    $ 55,374    $ 26,514

We estimate the ~~date~~timing of ~~payment~~claim payments associated with the liabilities for ~~the net liability for unpaid~~ losses and loss expenses of our insurance subsidiaries based on historical experience and expectations of future payment patterns. We show ~~the liability~~these liabilities net of reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses to reflect expected future cash flows related to such ~~liability.~~liabilities. Amounts Atlantic States assumes pursuant to the pooling agreement with Donegal Mutual represent a substantial portion of our insurance subsidiaries’ gross ~~liability~~liabilities for ~~unpaid~~ losses and loss expenses, and amounts Atlantic States cedes pursuant to the pooling agreement represent a substantial portion of our insurance subsidiaries’ reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses. We include cash settlement of Atlantic States’ assumed ~~liability~~liabilities from the pool in monthly settlements of pooled activity, as we net amounts ceded to and assumed from the pool. Although Donegal Mutual and we do not anticipate any changes in the pool participation levels in the foreseeable future, any such change would be prospective in nature and therefore would not impact the timing of expected payments by Atlantic States for its percentage share of pooled losses occurring in periods prior to the effective date of such change.

Table of Contents

We discuss in Note 7 – Borrowings our estimate of the timing of the amounts payable for the borrowings under our lines of credit based on their contractual maturities. ~~The borrowings under our lines of credit carry interest rates that we discuss in Note 7 – Borrowings.~~

We discuss in Note 7 – Borrowings our estimate of the timing of the amounts payable for the subordinated debentures based on their contractual maturity. The subordinated debentures carry an interest rate of 5%, and any repayment of principal or payment of interest on the subordinated debentures requires prior approval of the Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services. Our annual interest cost associated with the subordinated debentures is $250,000.

On July 18, 2013, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which we have the authority to purchase up to 500,000 shares of our Class A common stock at prices prevailing from time to time in the open market subject to the provisions of applicable rules of the SEC and in privately negotiated transactions. We did not purchase any shares of our Class A common stock under this program during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 or ~~2019.~~2020. We have purchased a total of 57,658 shares of our Class A common stock under this program from its inception through September 30, ~~2020.~~2021.

On October ~~15, 2020,~~21, 2021, our board of directors declared quarterly cash dividends of ~~15.0~~16.0 cents per share of our Class A common stock and ~~13.25~~14.25

cents per share of our Class B common stock, payable on November ~~16, 2020~~15, 2021 to our stockholders of record as of the close of business on November ~~2, 2020.~~1, 2021. We are not subject to any restrictions on our payment of dividends to our stockholders, although there are state law restrictions on the payment of dividends by our insurance subsidiaries to us. Dividends from our insurance subsidiaries are our principal source of cash for payment of dividends to our stockholders. Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulations that restrict the payment of dividends from statutory surplus and may require prior approval of their domiciliary insurance regulatory authorities. Our insurance subsidiaries are also subject to risk based capital (“RBC”) requirements that limit their ability to pay dividends to us. Our insurance subsidiaries’ statutory capital and surplus at December 31, ~~2019~~2020 exceeded the amount of statutory capital and surplus necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements, including the RBC requirements, by a significant margin. Our insurance subsidiaries paid ~~$14.0~~$5.0 million in dividends to us during the first nine months of ~~2020.~~2021. Amounts remaining available for distribution to us as dividends from our insurance subsidiaries without prior approval of their domiciliary insurance regulatory authorities in ~~2020~~2021 are ~~$20.9~~$28.0 million from Atlantic States, $0$300,000 from Southern, ~~$1.0~~$5.9 million from Peninsula and ~~$576,859~~$12.2 million from MICO, or a total of approximately ~~$22.5~~$46.4 million.

At September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures.

~~Table of Contents~~

Equity Price Risk

Our portfolio of marketable equity securities, which we carry on our consolidated balance sheets at estimated fair value, has exposure to the risk of loss resulting from an adverse change in prices. We manage this risk by having our investment personnel perform an analysis of prospective investments and regular reviews of our portfolio of equity securities.

Credit Risk

Our portfolio of fixed-maturity securities and, to a lesser extent, our portfolio of short-term investments is subject to credit risk, which we define as the potential loss in market value resulting from adverse changes in the borrower’s ability to repay its debt. We manage this risk by having our investment personnel perform an analysis of prospective investments and regular reviews of our portfolio of fixed-maturity securities. We also limit the percentage and amount of our total investment portfolio that we invest in the securities of any one issuer.

Our insurance subsidiaries provide property and casualty insurance coverages through independent insurance agencies. We bill the majority of this business directly to the insured, although we bill a portion of our commercial business through licensed insurance agents to whom our insurance subsidiaries extend credit in the normal course of business.

Because the pooling agreement does not relieve Atlantic States of primary liability as the originating insurer, Atlantic States is subject to a concentration of credit risk arising from the business it cedes to Donegal Mutual. Our insurance subsidiaries maintain reinsurance agreements with Donegal Mutual and with a number of other major unaffiliated authorized reinsurers.

~~Impact of Inflation~~

We establish property and casualty insurance premium rates before we know the amount of unpaid losses and loss expenses or the extent to which inflation may impact such losses and expenses. Consequently, our insurance subsidiaries attempt, in establishing rates, to anticipate the potential impact of inflation.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Our market risk generally represents the risk of gain or loss that may result from the potential change in the fair value of the securities we hold in our investment portfolio as a result of fluctuations in prices and interest rates and, to a lesser extent, our debt obligations. We manage our interest rate risk by maintaining an appropriate relationship between the average duration of our investment portfolio and the approximate duration of our liabilities, i.e., policy claims of our insurance subsidiaries and our debt obligations.

~~Other than interest rate and pricing fluctuations related to the~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~pandemic, there~~

Table of Contents

There have been no material changes to our quantitative or qualitative market risk exposure from December 31, ~~2019~~2020 through September 30, ~~2020.~~2021.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules

13a-15(e)

and

15d-15(e)

under the Exchange Act). Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, at September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, and our disclosure controls and procedures were also effective to ensure that information we disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

~~Table of Contents~~

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During 2020, Donegal Mutual implemented new infrastructure and applications systems that Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries began to utilize for the issuance of new and renewal workers’ compensation policies effective beginning in the second quarter of 2020. Such changes resulted in changes to procedures related to our financial reporting. Prior to the implementation of the new systems, we identified and designed new internal controls that we incorporated into our internal controls over financial reporting. Following the implementation, we validated these new controls according to our established processes. The implementation of the new systems represented the first phase of a multi-year systems modernization initiative Donegal Mutual is implementing to achieve various benefits for Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries, including streamlined workflows and innovative business solutions. We are not implementing these changes in internal controls to respond to any actual or perceived significant deficienciesThere has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form

10-Q

that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to affect materially, our internal control over financial reporting.

Safe Harbor Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

We base all statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form

10-Q

that are not historic facts on our current expectations. Such statements are forward-looking in nature (as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) and necessarily involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements we make may be identified by our use of words such as “will,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” and similar expressions. Our actual results could vary materially from our forward-looking statements. The factors that could cause our actual results to vary materially from the forward-looking statements we have previously made include, but are not limited to, prolonged economic challenges resulting from the

COVID-19

pandemic, the availability and ~~related business shutdown,~~cost of labor and materials, adverse and catastrophic weather events, our ability to maintain profitable operations, the adequacy of the loss and loss expense reserves of our insurance subsidiaries, the availability and successful operation of the information technology systems our insurance subsidiaries utilize, the successful development of new information technology systems to allow our insurance subsidiaries to compete effectively, business and economic conditions in the areas in which we and our insurance subsidiaries operate, interest rates, competition from various insurance and other financial businesses, terrorism, the availability and cost of reinsurance, legal and judicial developments including those related to

COVID-19

business interruption coverage exclusions, adverse litigation and other industry trends that could increase our loss costs, changes in regulatory requirements, changes in our A.M. Best rating, our ability to integrate and manage successfully the companies we may acquire from time to time and the other risks that we describe from time to time in our filings with the SEC. We disclaim any obligation to update such statements or to announce publicly the results of any revisions that we may make to any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

Table of Contents

Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

None.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition, and, therefore, the value of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock, are subject to a number of risks. For a description of certain risks, we refer to “Risk Factors” in our ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report on Form

10-K

that we filed with the SEC on March ~~6, 2020. Other than the information we discuss below, there~~5, 2021. There have been no material changes in the risk factors we disclosed in that Form

10-K

Report during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020.~~2021.

~~The emergence of~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~has impacted the business operations of our insurance subsidiaries, and economic disruption related to the ongoing~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~pandemic may adversely affect our revenues, profitability, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and financial condition.~~

~~In the first nine months of 2020, the~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~pandemic resulted in significant disruptions in economic activity throughout our operating regions.~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~concerns have also contributed to financial market volatility. We cannot predict at this time the ultimate impact that the economic and financial disruption related to the ongoing~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~pandemic or any other future pandemic will have on us. Risks related to~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~include, but are not limited to, the following:~~

~~Table of Contents~~

The business operations of our insurance subsidiaries could be disrupted by the illness of significant numbers of their employees and remedial efforts that would be required upon discovery of exposure to

~~COVID-19~~

~~within their facilities.~~

The business operations of our insurance subsidiaries are dependent upon technology systems for which regular physical access is required to maintain critical operational capabilities. The business operations of our insurance subsidiaries would be adversely impacted by government mandates requiring closure of facilities where those technology systems are located or restricting physical access to such facilities.

The revenues of our insurance subsidiaries may decrease as a result of reduced demand for their insurance products as the ongoing economic disruption adversely impacts current and potential insurance customers.

~~Our insurance subsidiaries may incur an increase in their losses and loss expenses in certain lines of business as a result of~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~and related economic disruption, and such losses and loss expenses may exceed the reserves our insurance subsidiaries have established or may establish in the future.~~

~~Our insurance subsidiaries may incur increased costs related to legal disputes over policy coverages or exclusions and their defense against litigation related to~~

~~COVID-19.~~

Legislative, judicial and regulatory actions may expand coverage definitions, retroactively mandate coverage or otherwise require our insurance subsidiaries to pay losses for damages that their policies explicitly excluded or did not intend to cover.

~~Legislative, judicial and regulatory actions may require our insurance subsidiaries to reduce or refund premiums, suspend cancellation of policies for~~

~~non-payment~~

~~of premiums or otherwise grant extended grace periods and time allowances for the payment of premium balances due to them.~~

Our insurance subsidiaries may not be able to collect premium balances due to them, resulting in reduced operating cash flows and an increase in premium write-offs that would increase their operating expenses.

~~Our insurance subsidiaries may suffer declines in the market values of their investments as a result of financial market volatility related to~~

~~COVID-19~~

~~concerns and related economic disruption.~~

~~Our insurance subsidiaries may experience declines in investment income as a result of lower interest rates that may be available upon reinvestment of the proceeds of maturing investments.~~

~~Economic disruption related to~~

~~COVID-19~~

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.


~~Period~~	~~(a) Total Number of~~ None. ~~Shares (or Units)~~ ~~Purchased~~	~~(b) Average Price Paid~~ ~~per Share (or Unit)~~	~~(c) Total Number of~~ ~~Shares (or Units)~~ ~~Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs~~	~~(d) Maximum Number~~ ~~(or Approximate Dollar~~ ~~Value) of Shares (or Units)~~ ~~that May Yet Be~~ ~~Purchased Under the~~ ~~Plans or Programs~~
~~Month #1~~ ~~July 1-31,~~ ~~2020~~	~~Class A – None~~ ~~Class B – None~~	~~Class A – None~~ ~~Class B – None~~	~~Class A – None~~ ~~Class B – None~~
~~Month #2~~ ~~August 1-31,~~ ~~2020~~	~~Class A – 101,667~~ ~~Class B – None~~	~~Class A – $14.87~~ ~~Class B – None~~	~~Class A – 101,667~~ ~~Class B – None~~	~~(1)~~
~~Month #3~~ ~~September 1-30,~~ ~~2020~~	~~Class A – 180,000~~ ~~Class B – None~~	~~Class A – $14.79~~ ~~Class B – None~~	~~Class A – 180,000~~ ~~Class B – None~~	~~(1)~~
~~Total~~	~~Class A – 281,667~~ ~~Class B – None~~	~~Class A – $14.82~~ ~~Class B – None~~	~~Class A – 281,667~~ ~~Class B – None~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~(1)~~

Donegal Mutual purchased these shares pursuant to its announcement on August 17, 2004 that it will, at its discretion, purchase shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock at market prices prevailing from time to time in the open market subject to the provisions of SEC Rule

~~10b-18~~

~~and in privately negotiated transactions. Such announcement did not stipulate a maximum number of shares that may be purchased under this program.~~

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. ~~Removed and Reserved.~~Mine Safety Disclosure.

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

3531

Table of Contents

Item 6. Exhibits.


Exhibit No.	Description

10.1	Donegal Group Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.	(a)

Exhibit 31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer	Filed herewith

Exhibit 31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer	Filed herewith

Exhibit 32.1	Statement of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Title 18 of the United States Code	Filed herewith

Exhibit 32.2	Statement of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Title 18 of the United States Code	Filed herewith

Exhibit 101.INS	XBRL Instance Document	Filed herewith

Exhibit 101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	Filed herewith

Exhibit 101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document	Filed herewith

Exhibit 101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document	Filed herewith

Exhibit 101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document	Filed herewith

Exhibit 101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	Filed herewith

Exhibit 104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

(a)

We incorporate such exhibit by reference to the description of such plan in Registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on April 15, 2021 filed on March 15, 2021.

3632

Table of Contents

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


November 5, ~~2020~~2021	By:	/s/ Jeffrey D. Miller
		Jeffrey D. Miller, Executive Vice President
		and Chief Financial Officer


Delaware		23-2424711
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


~~Title of Each Class~~	~~Trading~~ ~~Symbols~~	~~Name of Each Exchange~~ ~~on Which Registered~~
~~Class A Common Stock, $.01 par value~~	~~DGICA~~	~~The NASDAQ Global Select Market~~
~~Class B Common Stock, $.01 par value~~	~~DGICB~~	~~The NASDAQ Global Select Market~~


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer ☑	☒

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company ☑
Emerging growth company ☐	☒

		~~Emerging growth company~~	☐


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019
Revenues:
Net premiums earned	$	556,552,279		$	566,657,613
Investment income, net of investment expenses		21,951,679			21,727,904
Net investment (losses) gains (includes $571,123 and $154,725 accumulated other comprehensive income reclassifications)		(940,488	)		19,294,229
Lease income		326,379			333,852
Installment payment fees		2,433,395			3,204,130
Equity in earnings of Donegal Financial Services Corporation		—			295,000

Total revenues		580,323,244			611,512,728

Expenses:
Net losses and loss expenses		343,476,586			385,361,331
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		89,176,000			92,821,000
Other underwriting expenses		95,645,601			85,409,737
Policyholder dividends		5,336,677			6,765,834
Interest		871,461			1,311,894
Other expenses, net		994,115			1,155,493

Total expenses		535,500,440			572,825,289

Income before income tax expense		44,822,804			38,687,439
Income tax expense (includes $119,936 and $32,492 income tax expense from reclassification items)		6,575,907			5,689,442

Net income	$	38,246,897		$	32,997,997

Earnings per common share:
Class A common stock - basic	$	1.34		$	1.18

Class A common stock - diluted	$	1.33		$	1.17

Class B common stock - basic and diluted	$	1.21		$	1.06


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Revenues:
Net premiums earned	$	575,974,891	$	556,552,279
Investment income, net of investment expenses		22,926,320		21,951,679
Net investment gains (losses) (includes $ 476,188 and $571,123 accumulated other comprehensive income reclassifications)		5,139,609		(940,488	)
Lease income		323,782		326,379
Installment payment fees		1,857,420		2,433,395

Total revenues		606,222,022		580,323,244
Expenses:
Net losses and loss expenses		381,318,636		343,476,586
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		95,060,000		89,176,000
Other underwriting expenses		100,113,444		95,645,601
Policyholder dividends		4,210,667		5,336,677
Interest		739,163		871,461
Other expenses, net		962,278		994,115

Total expenses		582,404,188		535,500,440

Income before income tax expense		23,817,834		44,822,804
Income tax expense (includes $ 99,999 and $119,936 income tax expense from reclassification items)		3,835,928		6,575,907

Net income	$	19,981,906	$	38,246,897

Earnings per common share:
Class A common stock - basic	$	0.66	$	1.34

Class A common stock - diluted	$	0.66	$	1.33

Class B common stock - basic and diluted	$	0.59	$	1.21


	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Investments
Fixed maturities
Held to maturity, at amortized cost	$	552,981,914		$	476,093,782
Available for sale, at fair value		578,040,314			564,951,803
Equity securities, at fair value		54,944,826			55,477,556
Short-term investments, at cost, which approximates fair value		20,685,938			14,030,222

Total investments		1,206,652,992			1,110,553,363
Cash		87,876,852			49,318,930
Accrued investment income		8,623,259			7,066,029
Premiums receivable		177,674,682			165,732,949
Reinsurance receivable		403,864,468			367,021,468
Deferred policy acquisition costs		61,554,554			59,284,859
Deferred tax asset, net		6,511,012			8,514,311
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		174,391,958			142,475,767
Property and equipment, net		4,436,397			4,558,072
Accounts receivable - securities		299,538			4,961
Federal income taxes recoverable		4,405,349			—
Goodwill		5,625,354			5,625,354
Other intangible assets		958,010			958,010
Other		1,332,570			2,047,058

Total assets	$	2,144,206,995		$	1,923,161,131

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Unpaid losses and loss expenses	$	941,930,342		$	869,673,849
Unearned premiums		558,231,113			510,147,485
Accrued expenses		24,584,358			28,453,744
Reinsurance balances payable		2,376,710			2,116,084
Borrowings under lines of credit		85,000,000			35,000,000
Cash dividends declared to stockholders		0			4,075,234
Subordinated debentures		5,000,000			5,000,000
Accounts payable—securities		9,072,150			1,119
Income taxes payable		0			84,831
Due to affiliate		6,455,268			10,069,171
Other		7,488,378			7,524,095

Total liabilities		1,640,138,319			1,472,145,612

Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, authorized 2,000,000 shares; 0ne issued		—			—
Class A common stock, $.01 par value, authorized 50,000,000 shares, issued 27,141,361 and 26,203,935 shares and outstanding 24,138,773 and 23,201,347 shares		271,414			262,040
Class B common stock, $.01 par value, authorized 10,000,000 shares, issued 5,649,240 shares and outstanding 5,576,775 shares		56,492			56,492
Additional paid-in capital		281,917,193			268,151,601
Accumulated other comprehensive income		10,370,217			504,170
Retained earnings		252,679,717			223,267,573
Treasury stock, at cost		(41,226,357	)		(41,226,357	)

Total stockholders’ equity		504,068,676			451,015,519

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,144,206,995		$	1,923,161,131


	Class A Shares		Class B Shares		Class A Amount		Class B Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Total Stockholders’ Equity			Class A Shares		Class B Shares		Class A Amount		Class B Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, December 31, 2019		26,203,935		5,649,240	$	262,040	$	56,492	$	268,151,601	$	504,170	$	223,267,573		$	(41,226,357	)	$	451,015,519
Balance, December 31, 2020																							27,651,774		5,649,240	$	276,518	$	56,492	$	289,149,567	$	11,130,612		$	258,387,288		$	(41,226,357	)	$	517,774,120
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans)		28,924		—		289		—		376,539		—		—			—			376,828			33,336		—		334		—		419,454		—			—			—			419,788
Share-based compensation		67,087		—		671		—		1,242,315		—		—			—			1,242,986			346,124		—		3,461		—		4,719,388		—			—			—			4,722,849
Net income		—		—		—		—		—		—		3,731,121			—			3,731,121			—		—		—		—		—		—			10,529,848			—			10,529,848
Cash dividends declared		—		—		—		—		—		—		(5,363	)		—			(5,363	)		—		—		—		—		—		—			(5,000	)		—			(5,000	)
Grant of stock options		—		—		—		—		118,525		—		(118,525	)		—			—			—		—		—		—		109,184		—			(109,184	)		—			—
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		—		3,199,840		—			—			3,199,840
Other comprehensive loss																							—		—		—		—		—		(4,207,115	)		—			—			(4,207,115	)

Balance, March 31, 2020		26,299,946		5,649,240	$	263,000	$	56,492	$	269,888,980	$	3,704,010	$	226,874,806		$	(41,226,357	)	$	459,560,931
Balance, March 31, 2021																							28,031,234		5,649,240	$	280,313	$	56,492	$	294,397,593	$	6,923,497		$	268,802,952		$	(41,226,357	)	$	529,234,490

Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans)		52,964		—		530		—		720,018		—		—			—			720,548			49,613		—		496		—		730,005		—			—			—			730,501
Share-based compensation		160,869		—		1,608		—		2,490,136		—		—			—			2,491,744			539,019		—		5,390		—		7,313,031		—			—			—			7,318,421
Net income		—		—		—		—		—		—		22,678,778			—			22,678,778			—		—		—		—		—		—			16,164,036			—			16,164,036
Cash dividends declared		—		—		—		—		—		—		(4,255,882	)		—			(4,255,882	)		—		—		—		—		—		—			(4,840,629	)		—			(4,840,629	)
Grant of stock options		—		—		—		—		76,354		—		(76,354	)		—			—			—		—		—		—		69,995		—			(69,995	)		—			—
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		—		6,663,215		—			—			6,663,215			—		—		—		—		—		1,549,974			—			—			1,549,974

Balance, June 30, 2020		26,513,779		5,649,240	$	265,138	$	56,492	$	273,175,488	$	10,367,225	$	245,221,348		$	(41,226,357	)	$	487,859,334

Balance, June 30, 2021																							28,619,866		5,649,240	$	286,199	$	56,492	$	302,510,624	$	8,473,471		$	280,056,364		$	(41,226,357	)	$	550,156,793
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans)		22,662		—		226		—		273,689		—		—			—			273,915			24,619		—		246		—		292,302		—			—			—			292,548
Share-based compensation		604,920		—		6,050		—		8,358,388		—		—			—			8,364,438			54,680		—		547		—		946,004		—			—			—			946,551
Net income		—		—		—		—		—		—		11,836,998			—			11,836,998
Net loss																							—		—		—		—		—		—			(6,711,978	)		—			(6,711,978	)
Cash dividends declared		—		—		—		—		—		—		(4,269,001	)		—			(4,269,001	)		—		—		—		—		—		—			(4,902,188	)		—			(4,902,188	)
Grant of stock options		—		—		—		—		109,628		—		(109,628	)		—			0			—		—		—		—		95,569		—			(95,569	)		—			—
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		—		2,992		—			—			2,992
Other comprehensive loss																							—		—		—		—		—		(1,648,310	)		—			—			(1,648,310	)

Balance, September 30, 2020		27,141,361		5,649,240	$	271,414	$	56,492	$	281,917,193	$	10,370,217	$	252,679,717		$	(41,226,357	)	$	504,068,676
Balance, September 30, 2021																							28,699,165		5,649,240	$	286,992	$	56,492	$	303,844,499	$	6,825,161		$	268,346,629		$	(41,226,357	)	$	538,133,416


						September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Commercial lines:
Automobile	$	143,055	$	126,224	$	164,141	$	151,813
Workers’ compensation		117,583		109,060		122,733		118,037
Commercial multi-peril		116,498		102,424		153,265		126,299
Other		13,279		9,115		17,291		13,212

Total commercial lines		390,415		346,823		457,430		409,361
									��
Personal lines:
Automobile		124,976		132,191		115,619		120,861
Homeowners		20,074		23,494		24,454		20,976
Other		6,284		4,398		7,930		5,991

Total personal lines		151,334		160,083		148,003		147,828

Total commercial and personal lines		541,749		506,906		605,433		557,189
Plus reinsurance recoverable		400,181		362,768		444,730		404,818

Total liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses	$	941,930	$	869,674
Total liabilities for losses and loss expenses					$	1,050,163	$	962,007


Percentage Change in Loss and Loss Expense Reserves Net of Reinsurance	Adjusted Loss and Loss Expense Reserves Net of Reinsurance at September 30, 2020			Percentage Change in Stockholders’ Equity at September 30, 2020(1)			Adjusted Loss and Loss Expense Reserves Net of Reinsurance at December 31, 2019			Percentage Change in Stockholders’ Equity at December 31, 2019(1)			Adjusted Loss and Loss Expense Reserves Net of Reinsurance at September 30, 2021	Percentage Change in Stockholders’ Equity at September 30, 2021(1)	Adjusted Loss and Loss Expense Reserves Net of Reinsurance at December 31, 2020	Percentage Change in Stockholders’ Equity at December 31, 2020(1)

(dollars in thousands)
(10.0)%		$	487,574		8.5	%		$	456,215		8.9	%	$544,890	8.9%	$501,470	8.5%
(7.5)			501,118		6.4				468,888		6.7		560,026	6.7	515,400	6.4
(5.0)			514,662		4.2				481,561		4.4		575,161	4.4	529,330	4.3
(2.5)			528,205		2.1				494,233		2.2		590,297	2.2	543,259	2.1
Base			541,749		—				506,906		—		605,433	—	557,189	—
2.5			555,293		(2.1	)			519,579		(2.2	)	620,569	(2.2)	571,119	(2.1)
5.0			568,836		(4.2	)			532,251		(4.4	)	635,705	(4.4)	585,048	(4.3)
7.5			582,380		(6.4	)			544,924		(6.7	)	650,840	(6.7)	598,978	(6.4)
10.0			595,924		(8.5)				557,597		(8.9)		665,976	(8.9)	612,908	(8.5)


	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		4-5 years		After 5 years
	(in thousands)
Net liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses of our insurance subsidiaries	$	541,749	$	244,246	$	255,615	$	20,374	$	21,514
Subordinated debentures		5,000		—		—		—		5,000
Borrowings under lines of credit		85,000		50,000		—		35,000		—

Total contractual obligations	$	631,749	$	294,246	$	255,615	$	55,374	$	26,514

DONEGAL GROUP INC.

November 5, ~~2020~~
2021

/s/ Kevin G. Burke

Kevin G. Burke, President and Chief Executive Officer