UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31,, 2023 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number 001-38717

PALTALK, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(212) 967-5120

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

PALTALK, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 20232024

Table of Contents

Unless the context otherwise indicates, references to “Paltalk,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to Paltalk, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

Paltalk, our logo and other trademarks or service marks appearing in this report are the property of Paltalk, Inc. Trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies appearing in this report are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks and trade names included in this report are without the ®, or other applicable symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks and trade names.

Unless the context otherwise indicates, references to “Paltalk,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to Paltalk, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute “forward-looking statements” as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Words such as “anticipate,” “assume,” “began,” “believe,” “budget,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “would” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in such statements, including, without limitation, the following:

For a more detailed discussion of these and other factors that may affect our business, see the discussion in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this report, “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part I of this report and the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022,2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2023.15, 2024. We caution that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive, and new factors may emerge, or changes to the foregoing factors may occur, that could impact our business. We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, relating to the matters discussed in this report, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

PALTALK, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

PALTALK, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

PALTALK, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 20232024 AND 20222023

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

PALTALK, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

PALTALK, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and Description of Business

Overview

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include Paltalk, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, A.V.M. Software, Inc., Paltalk Software Inc., Paltalk Holdings, Inc., Tiny Acquisition Inc., Camshare, Inc., Fire Talk LLC, Vumber LLC and ManyCam ULC (collectively, the “Company”).

The Company is a communications software innovator that powers multimedia social applications. The Company’s product portfolio includes Paltalk, Camfrog and Tinychat, which together host a large collection of video-based communities. The Company’s other products include ManyCam and Vumber. ManyCam is a live streaming software and virtual camera that allows users to deliver professional live videos on streaming platforms, video conferencing apps and distance learning tools. Vumber is a telecommunications services provider that enables users to communicate privately by having multiple phone numbers with any area code through which calls can be forwarded to a user’s existing telephone number. The Company has an over 20-year history of technology innovation and holds 108 patents.

ManyCam Asset Acquisition

On June 9, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) by and among the Company, ManyCam ULC, an unlimited liability company incorporated under the laws of the Province of Alberta and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Purchaser”), Visicom Media Inc., a Canadian corporation (“Visicom”), and 2434936 Alberta ULC, an unlimited liability company incorporated under the laws of the Province of Alberta (“Target NewCo”), pursuant to which the Purchaser purchased, effective as of the Effective Date, all of the issued and outstanding shares of Target NewCo (the “ManyCam Acquisition”). Prior to the ManyCam Acquisition, Target NewCo held all assets related to, or used by Visicom in connection with, the business of developing and distributing virtual webcam driver software, including virtual backgrounds and/or “masks” or other camera effects (other than the Excluded Contracts (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement)), whether tangible or intangible, including, but not limited to, Target NewCo’s ManyCam software (“ManyCam”) and related source code, customer lists, customer relationships and all associated customer information, contracts with contractors and suppliers, brand names, trade secrets, trademarks, trade names, designs, copyrights, websites, all URLs, goodwill and intellectual property associated with each of the foregoing (collectively, the “Conveyed Assets”). The Company concluded that the Conveyed Assets were not considered a business for purposes of Regulation S-X and Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations.

The Purchaser acquired the Conveyed Assets for a cash purchase price of $2.7 million (the “Cash Consideration”). In addition to the Cash Consideration, Visicom was entitled to receive an additional payment of up to $600,000 (the “Earn-Out Payment”) based on the sales of the ManyCam software less chargebacks and refunds (“Gross Sales”) in the six-month period following the closing (the “Earn-Out Period”) as follows: (i) if the Gross Sales during the Earn-Out Period were greater than $800,000, the Earn-Out Payment shall be $600,000, (ii) if the Gross Sales during the Earn-Out Period were greater than $700,000 but less than $800,000, the Earn-Out Payment would have been $300,000, (iii) if the Gross Sales during the Earn-Out Period were greater than $600,000 but less than $700,000, the Earn-Out Payment would have been $150,000 and (iv) if the Gross Sales during the Earn-Out Period did not exceed $600,000, then Visicom would not be paid any portion of the Earn-Out Payment.

Gross Sales during the Earn-Out Period exceeded $600,000 but were less than $700,000. Pursuant to the terms of that certain Letter Agreement, by and between Visicom, the Purchaser and the Company, dated February 24, 2023, the Company made an Earn-Out Payment to Visicom in the amount of $85,000 in the second quarter of 2023 (the “Adjusted Earn-Out Payment”). The Company recorded a liability in the amount of the Adjusted Earn-Out Payment, with a corresponding adjustment to the cost basis of the Conveyed Assets.

On June 30, 2022, the Company entered into a License Agreement with Visicom (the “License Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to distribute, at the discretion and direction of Visicom, a specified number of ManyCam software updates to certain license holders to whom Visicom has previously granted a “lifetime” license to ManyCam software. As consideration for distributing the software updates, Visicom paid the Company an initial upfront nonrefundable payment of $65,000. The License Agreement provides that Visicom may purchase additional licenses at prices specified therein. Other than providing a one-time, limited license to Visicom for the distribution of ManyCam software updates pursuant to the terms of the License Agreement, the Company does not have any obligation to provide support or service to the licensee end users.

Impact of Macro-Economic Factors

The Company’s results of operations have been and may continue to be negatively impacted by macro-economic factors, including the timing of economic recessions and/or recovery and the overall inflationary environment. Prolonged periods of inflation have affected, and may continue to affect, the Company’s ability to target new customers as well as keep existing customers engaged and may ultimately have a correlating effect on the Company’sits users’ discretionary spending. Additionally, the recent closures of certain banks and their placement into receivership with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation created bank-specific and broader financial institution liquidity challenges and concerns. Future adverse developments with respect to specific financial institutions or the broader financial services industryeconomic environment and geopolitical tensions may lead tocreate additional market and economic uncertainty, which could affect ourthe Company’s industry.

Employee Retention Tax Credit

Under the provisions of the extension of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, the Company was eligible for a refundable employee retention tax credit (the “ERTC”), subject to certain criteria. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company applied for the ERTC and recorded a receivable in the amount of $343,045, net of related costs, which was recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations as other income. As of March 31, 2024, the Company received an aggregate of $294,833, which was recorded as a reduction of the receivable on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report have been prepared on a going concern basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information. The Company has not included certain information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements pursuant to those rules and regulations, although it believes that the disclosure included herein is adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022,2023, filed with the SEC on March 23, 202315, 2024 (the “Form 10-K”).

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial information contains all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to fairly present the condensed consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity of the Company for the interim periods presented. The Company’s historical results are not necessarily indicative of future operating results, and the results for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 are not necessarily indicative of results for the year ending December 31, 2023, or for any other period.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

During the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, there were no significant changes made to the Company’s significant accounting policies.

For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see the Form 10-K.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

In June 2016,

On August 16, 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326)”Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IR Act”) was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things, a new U.S. federal 1% excise tax on certain repurchases of stock by publicly traded U.S. domestic corporations and also issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance under ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2019-05 (collectively Topic 326). Topic 326 requires the measurement and recognitioncertain U.S. domestic subsidiaries of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. This replaces the existing incurred loss model with an expected loss model and requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13publicly traded foreign corporations occurring on or after January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impactexcise tax is imposed on the Company’s financial position, resultsrepurchasing corporation itself, not its shareholders from which shares are repurchased. The amount of operationsthe excise tax is generally 1% of the fair market value of the shares repurchased at the time of the repurchase. However, for purposes of calculating the excise tax, repurchasing corporations are permitted to net the fair market value of certain new stock issuances against the fair market value of stock repurchases during the same taxable year. In addition, certain exceptions apply to the excise tax. The U.S. Department of the Treasury has been given authority to provide regulations and other guidance to carry out and prevent the abuse or cash flows. avoidance of the excise tax.  The IR Act was not applicable to the Company during the year ended December 31, 2023 and the three months ended March 31, 2024, given that repurchases of stock during such periods, if any, were below the threshold required to be subject to taxation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements. The most significant accounting estimateestimates inherent in the preparation of our financial statements include the discount rates and weighted average costs of capital used in the fair value of the ManyCam assets and in assigning their respective useful lives. These fair values and estimates were based on a number of factors, including a valuation by an independent third party.  

Revisions to the Company’s estimates may result in increases or decreases to revenues and income and are reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements in the periods in which they are first identified. If the Company’s estimates indicate that a contract loss will be incurred, a loss provision is recorded in the period in which the loss first becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. Contract losses are the amount by which the estimated costs of the contract exceed the estimated total revenue that will be generated by the contract and are included in cost of revenues in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. There were no contract losses for the periods presented.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to the customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services. Sales tax is excluded from reported revenue. The Company has elected the practical expedient allowable by the guidance to not disclose information about remaining performance obligations pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less.

Subscription Revenue

The Company generates subscription revenue primarily from monthly premium subscription services. Subscription revenues are presented net of refunds, credits, and known and estimated credit card chargebacks. During the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 2022,2023, subscriptions were offered in durations of one-, three-, six- twelve-and, twelve-month and twenty four-month terms. All subscription fees, however, are paid by credit card at the origination of the subscription regardless of the term of the subscription. Revenues from multi-month subscriptions are recognized on a straight-line basis over the period where the service is offered to the customer, indicated by length of the subscription term purchased. The unearned portion of subscription revenue is presented as deferred subscription revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Deferred subscription revenue at December 31, 20222023 was $2,257,452,$2,043,362, of which $770,540$748,353 was subsequently recognized as subscription revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023.2024. The ending balance of deferred subscription revenue at March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1,890,417 and 2022 was $2,162,841, and $1,845,853 respectively.

In addition, the Company offers virtual gifts to its users. Users may purchase credits in $5, $10 or $20 increments that can be redeemed for a host of virtual gifts such as a rose, a beer or a car, among other items. These gifts are given among users to enhance communication and are typically redeemed within 30 days of purchase. Upon purchase, the virtual gifts are credited to the users’ account and are under the users’ control. Virtual gift revenue is recognized upon the users’ redemption of virtual gifts at the fixed transaction price and included in subscription revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Virtual gift revenue is presented as deferred revenue in the condensed consolidated balance sheets until virtual gifts are redeemed. Virtual gift revenue was $1,010,200$1,017,008 and $1,269,537$1,010,200 for the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024 and 2022,2023, respectively. The ending balance of deferred revenue from virtual gifts, which is included in deferred subscription revenue at March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $278,011 and 2022 was $334,629 and $331,804,$334,804, respectively.

Advertising Revenue

The Company generates advertising revenue from the display of advertisements on its products through contractual agreements with third parties that are based on the number of advertising impressions delivered. Measurements of impressions include when a customer clicks an advertisement (CPC basis), views an advertisement impression (CPM basis), or registers for an external website via an advertisement by clicking on or through the application (CPA basis). Advertising revenue is dependent upon traffic as well as the advertising inventory placed on the Company’s products.

Goodwill

Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. The Company evaluates its goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (as amended by ASU 2017-04), by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. The Company performs the quantitative goodwill impairment test, if, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances such as those described in paragraph ASC 350-20-35-3C(a) through (g), the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill related to the reporting unit.

The Company tests the recorded amount of goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on December 31 of each fiscal year or more frequently if there are indicators that the fair value of the goodwill exceeds its carrying amount. The Company has one reporting unit. The Company performed a qualitative assessment and concluded that no impairment existed as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Intangible Assets

The Company’s acquired amortizable intangible assets primarily consist of the assets acquired in June 2022 relating to ManyCam software, which assets consist of internally developed software, intellectual property (trade names, trademarks and URLs) and subscriber relationships/customer lists.

The Company’s intangible assets represent definite lived intangible assets, which are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows:

The Company reviews intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Factors that the Company considers in deciding when to perform an impairment review include significant underperformance of the business in relation to expectations, significant negative industry or economic trends, and significant changes or planned changes in the use of the assets. If an impairment review is performed to evaluate a long-lived asset for recoverability, the Company compares forecasts of undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the long-lived asset to its carrying value. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset are less than its carrying amount. The impairment loss would be based on the excess of the carrying value of the impaired asset over its fair value, determined based on discounted cash flows. No impairments were recorded on intangible assets as no impairment indicators were noted for the periods presented in these consolidated financial statements. 

3. Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following at March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 2022:2023:

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 was $205,584,$205,583, as compared to $46,166$205,584 for the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. The aggregate amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is estimated to be $616,749$616,104 for the remainder of 2023, $821,687 in 2024, $568,529 in 2025, $382,133 in 2026, $382,133 in 2027, $382,133 in 2028 and $549,996 thereafter.$167,862 in 2029.

4. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following for the periods presented:

5. Income Taxes

The Company’s provision for income taxes consists of federal, foreign, and state taxes, as applicable, in amounts necessary to align the Company’s year-to-date tax provision with the effective rate that it expects to achieve for the full year. Each quarter the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate and records cumulative adjustments as necessary.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $117,900 consisting primarily of federal, foreign, state and local taxes. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was 19.3% which differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to changes in the Company’s valuation allowance, difference in foreign tax rates from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% and state and local taxes. As of March 31, 2023,2024 the Company’s conclusion regarding the realizability ofCompany has continued to conclude that its U.S. deferred tax assets hadare not changed,realizable on a more-likely-than-not basis and the Company has continued to maintainmaintains a full valuation allowance against them.such deferred tax assets.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $49,554. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 6.64% which differs from the statutory rate of 21% as the Company has concluded that its U.S. deferred tax assets are not realizable on a more-likely-than-not basis.

6. Stockholders’ Equity

The Paltalk, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) was terminated as to future awards on May 16, 2016. A total of 31,54822,480 shares of the Company’s common stock may be issued pursuant to outstanding options awarded under the 2011 Plan; however, no additional awards may be granted under such plan. The Paltalk, Inc. 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“the 2016(the “2016 Plan”) was adopted by the Company’s stockholders on May 16, 2016 and permits the Company to award stock options (both incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards, dividend equivalent rights, and other stock-based awards and cash-based incentive awards to its employees (including an employee who is also a director or officer under certain circumstances), non-employee directors and consultants. The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to awards under the 2016 Plan is 1,300,000 shares, 100% of which may be issued pursuant to incentive stock options. In addition, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2016 Plan may be increased by an indeterminate number of shares of common stock underlying outstanding awards issued under the 2011 Plan that are forfeited, expired, cancelled or settled in cash. As of March 31, 2023,2024, there were 762,336632,257 shares available for future issuance under the 2016 Plan.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes pricing model to estimate the fair value of the options granted during the threenine months ended March 31, 2023:2024:

The expected life of the options is the period of time over which employees and non-employees are expected to hold their options prior to exercise. The expected life of options has been determined using the “simplified” method as prescribed by Staff Accounting Bulletin 110, which uses the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term. The volatility of the Company’s common stock is calculated using the Company’s historical volatilities beginning at the grant date and going back for a period of time equal to the expected life of the award. The Company estimates potential forfeitures of stock awards and adjusts recorded stock-based compensation expense accordingly. The Company estimates pre-vesting forfeitures primarily based on the Company’s historical experience and is adjustedadjusts to reflect actual forfeitures as the stock-based awards vest.

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023:2024:

At March 31, 2023,2024, there was $368,055$341,530 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.022.68 years.

On March 31, 2024, the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options that were outstanding and exercisable was $423,850 and $259,295, respectively. On March 31, 2023, the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options that were outstanding and exercisable was $59,506 and $44,744, respectively. On March 31, 2022, the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options that were outstanding and exercisable was $118,415 and $88,040,$47,744, respectively. The intrinsic value forof stock options is calculated based on the exercise price of the underlying awards and the fair value of such awards as of the period-end date.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, the Company granted stock options to members of the Board of Directors to purchase an aggregate of 24,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.94$2.78 per share. The stock options vest in four equal quarterly installments on the last day of each calendar quarter in 20232024 and have a term of 10ten years. During the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, the Company also granted options to employees to purchase an aggregate of 25,0004,000 shares of common stock. These options have varying vesting dates ranging between the grant date andvest equally over four years, have a term of ten years and have an exercise price of $1.94.$2.78. The aggregate fair value for the options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $72,240 and 2022 was $90,380, and $636,957, respectively.

Stock-based compensation expense for the Company’s stock options included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was as follows:

Treasury Shares

The Board of Directors of the Company approved a stock repurchase plan for up to $1,750,000 of the Company’s outstanding common stock (the “Stock Repurchase Plan”), effective as of March 29, 2022, which expired on March 29, 2023, the one-year anniversary of such date. Under the Stock Repurchase Plan, shares were repurchased from time-to-time in open market transactions at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws, including Rule 10b5-1 programs. The actual timing, number and value of shares repurchased was determined by a committee of the Board of Directors at its discretion and depended on a number of factors, including the market price of the Company’s common stock, general market and economic conditions, alternative investment opportunities and other corporate considerations.

As of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 2022,2023, the Company had 641,963 and 636,771, shares of its common stock, respectively, classified as treasury shares on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.During the three months ended March 31, 2023 5,192 shares of common stock had been repurchased by the Company pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Plan at an average purchase price of $1.39.

7. Net Loss Per Share

Basic earnings and net loss per share areis computed by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, as defined by ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share. Diluted earningsnet loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options (using the treasury stock method). To the extent stock options are antidilutive, they are excluded from the calculation of diluted income per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, 763,736 and 2022, 650,155 and 679,515 of shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share from operations because their inclusion would be antidilutive.

The following table summarizes the net loss per share calculation for the periods presented:

8. Leases

On April 9, 2021, the Company entered into a lease extension agreement with Jericho Executive Center LLC for the office space at 30 Jericho Executive Plaza in Jericho, New York, which commenced on December 1, 2021 and runs through November 30, 2024. The Company’s monthly office rent payments under the lease are currently approximately $7,081 per month.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had no long-term leases that were classified as financing leases and did not have additional operating or financing leases that had not yet commenced.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had operating lease liabilities of approximately $56,164 and ROU assets of approximately $56,164, which are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Total rent expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $21,825, of which $1,500 was sublease income. Total rent expense for three months ended March 31, 2023 was $20,448, of which $1,500 was sublease income. Rent expense is recorded under general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table summarizes the Company’s operating leases for the periods presented:

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had no long-term leases that were classified as financing leases. As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not have additional operating and financing leases that had not yet commenced.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had operating lease liabilities of approximately $139,000 and ROU assets of approximately $139,000, which are included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Total rent expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $20,448, of which $1,500 was sublease income. Total rent expense for three months ended March 31, 2022 was $23,332 of which $1,500 was sublease income. Rent expense is recorded under general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table summarizes the Company’s operating leases for the periods presented:

As of March 31, 2023,2024, future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases were as follows:

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Officer Employment Agreements

On March 23, 2022, the Company entered into Amended and Restated Employment Agreements with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), which amended and restated their existing employment agreements with the Company dated October 7, 2016 and December 9, 2019, respectively. The agreements are each for terms of one year with auto renewal provisions. Except for adjustments to base salaries, all other terms and conditions of the prior employment agreements between the Company and the CEO and CFO remained in full force and effect. The Amended and Restated Employment Agreement for the CEO is retroactive to February 2021. The Amended and Restated Employment Agreement for the CFO is retroactive to January 2022. Aggregate commitments of base salaries under the Amended and Restated Employment Agreements for each of 2022 and 2023 totaled $490,000. Should the agreements be renewed for 2024 and beyond, the aggregate base salary commitments would total $510,000 per year. 

Patent Litigation

On July 23, 2021, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, Paltalk Holdings, Inc., filed a patent infringement lawsuit against WebEx Communications, Inc., Cisco WebEx LLC, and Cisco Systems, Inc. (collectively, “Cisco”), in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas.Texas (the “Court”). The Company alleges that certain of Cisco’s products have infringed U.S. Patent No. 6,683,858, and that the Company is entitled to damages.

A Markman hearing took place on February 24, 2022. On September 7, 2022, the United States Patent Office issued a reexamination of U.S. Patent No. 6,683,858, and on January 19, 2023, the Examiner issued an Ex Parte Reexamination Certificate, ending the reexamination and confirming the patentability of claims 1-10 of U.S. Patent No. 6,683,858. AOn June 29, 2023, the Court held a pretrial conference and denied Cisco’s motion for summary judgment. The trial is scheduled for early third quarterexpected to be held in August of 2023.2024.

Legal Proceedings

The Company may be included in legal proceedings, claims and assessments arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company evaluates the need for a reserve for specific legal matters based on the probability of an unfavorable outcome and the reasonability of an estimable loss. No reserve was deemed necessary as of March 31, 2023.2024.

10. Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated subsequent events or transactions occurring through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued and determined that no events or transactions are required to be disclosed herein.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with: (i) the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 2022,2023, (ii) the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 20222023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Form 10-K”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 23, 202315, 2024 and (iii) the discussion under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the Form 10-K. Aside from certain information as of December 31, 2022,2023, all amounts herein are unaudited.

Forward-Looking Statements

In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See “Forward-Looking Statements.” Our results and the timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this report and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Form 10-K.

Overview

We are a communications software innovator that powers multimedia social applications. We operate a network of consumer applications that we believe create a unique social media enterprise where users can meet, see, chat, broadcast, play online card games and board games and message in real time in a secure environment with others in our network. Our consumer applications generate revenue principally from subscription fees and advertising arrangements.

Our product portfolio includes Paltalk, Camfrog and Tinychat, which together host a large collection of video-based communities. Our other products include ManyCam and Vumber. ManyCam is a live streaming software and virtual camera that allows users to deliver professional live videos on streaming platforms, video conferencing apps and distance learning tools. Vumber is a telecommunications services provider that enables users to communicate privately by having multiple phone numbers with any area code through which calls can be forwarded to a user’s existing telephone number. We have an over 20-year history of technology innovation and hold 108 patents.

We believe that the scale of our user base presents a competitive advantage in the video social networking industry and provides growth opportunities to advance our existing products with up-sell opportunities and build future brands with cross-sell offers. We also believe that our proprietary consumer app technology platform can scalably support large communities of users in activities such as video, voice and text chat, online card games and board games and provide robust user monetization tools.

Our continued growth depends on attracting new consumer application users through the introduction of new applications, features and partnerships and further penetration of our existing markets. Our principal growth strategy is to invest in the development of proprietary software, expand our sales and marketing efforts with respect to such software, and increase our consumer application user base through potential platform partnerships and new and existing advertising campaigns that we run through internet and mobile advertising networks, all while balancing the capital needs of the business. Our strategy also includes the acquisition of, or investment in, technologies, solutions or businesses that complement our business and cross-selling them to additional synergistic businesses.

Our strategy is to approach these opportunities in a measured way, being mindful of our resources and evaluating factors such as potential revenue, time to market and amount of capital needed to invest in the opportunity.

Recent Developments

Stock Repurchase Plan

On March 23, 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan for up to $1,750,000 of our outstanding common stock (the “Stock Repurchase Plan”). The Stock Repurchase Plan was effective as of March 29, 2022 and expired on March 29, 2023, the one-year anniversary of such date. Shares were repurchased from time-to-time in open market transactions at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws, including Rule 10b5-1 programs. The actual timing, number and value of shares repurchased were determined by a committee of the Board of Directors at its discretion and depended on a number of factors, including the market price of our common stock, general market and economic conditions, alternative investment opportunities and other corporate considerations. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had 641,963, and 636,771, shares of its common stock, respectively, classified as treasury shares on our consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 5,192 shares of common stock were repurchased pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Plan at an average purchase price of $1.39.

Impact of Macro-Economic Factors

Our results of operations have been and may continue to be negatively impacted by macro-economic factors, including the timing of economic recessions and/or recovery and the overall inflationary environment. Prolonged periods of inflation have affected, and may continue to affect, our ability to target new customers as well as keep existing customers engaged and may ultimately have a correlating effect on our users’ discretionary spending. Additionally, the closures of certain banks and their placement into receivership with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation created bank-specific and broader financial institution liquidity challenges and concerns. Future adverse developments with respect to specific financial institutions or the broader financial services industryeconomic environment and geopolitical tensions may create additional market and economic uncertainty, which could affect our industry.

Under the provisions of the extension of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, we were eligible for a refundable employee retention tax credit (the “ERTC”) subject to certain criteria. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we applied for the ERTC and recorded a receivable in the amount of $343,045, net of related costs, which was recognized in our condensed consolidated statement of operations as other income. As of March 31, 2024, we received an aggregate of $294,833, which was recorded as a reduction of the receivable on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Operational Highlights and Business Objectives

During the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, we executed key components of our objectives:

For the near term, our business objectives include:

Sources of Revenue

Our main sources of revenue are subscription revenue, which includes virtual gift revenue, and advertising and other feesrevenue generated from users of our core video chat products, Paltalk and Camfrog, as well asCamfrog. We also generate revenue from downloads ofsubscriptions for our ManyCam software products.product. We expect that the majority of our revenue in future periods will continue to be generated from our core video chat products. We also have historically generated technology service revenue under licensing and service agreements that we negotiate with third parties which includes development, integration, engineering, licensing or other services that we provide.

Subscription Revenue

Our video chat platforms generate revenue primarily through subscription fees. Our tiers of subscriptions provide users with unlimited video windows and levels of status within the community. Multiple subscription tiers are offered in different durations depending on the product from one-, three-, six-, twelve-, and twenty-four monthtwenty-four-month terms, which continue to vary as we continue to test and optimize length and pricing. Longer-term plans (those with durations longer than one month) are generally available at discounted monthly rates. Levels of membership benefits are offered in tiers, with the least membership benefits in the lowest paid tier and the most membership benefits in the highest paid tier. Our membership tiers are “Plus,” “Extreme,” “VIP” and “Prime” for Paltalk and “Pro,” “Extreme” and “Gold” for Camfrog. We also hold occasional promotions that offer discounted subscriptions and virtual gifts. Subscriptions for ManyCam are generally offered in annual and two-year terms, with exceptions made for enterprise sales.

We recognize revenue from monthly premium subscription services beginning in the month in which the subscriptions are originated. Revenues from multi-month (or annual) subscriptions are recognized on a gross and straight-line basis over the length of the subscription period. The unearned portion of subscription revenue is presented as deferred revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We also offer virtual gifts to our users through our Paltalk, Camfrog and TinyChat applications. Users may purchase credits that can be redeemed for a host of virtual gifts such as a rose, a beer, or a car, among other items. Virtual gift revenue is recognized upon the users’ utilization of the virtual gift and included in subscription revenue. The unearned portion of virtual gifts revenue is presented as deferred revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Advertising Revenue

We generate a portion of our revenue through advertisements on our video platforms. Advertising revenue is dependent upon the volume of advertising impressions viewed by active users as well as the advertising inventory we place on our products. We recognize advertising revenue as earned on a click-through, impression, registration or subscription basis. Measurements of impressions include when a user clicks on an advertisement (CPC basis), views an advertisement impression (CPM basis), or registers for an external website via an advertisement by clicking on or through our application (CPA basis).

Costs and Expenses

Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of compensation (including stock-based compensation) and other employee-related costs for personnel engaged in data center and customer care functions, credit card processing fees, hosting fees, and data center rent and bandwidth costs. Cost of revenue also includes compensation and other employee-related costs for technical personnel, consultants and subcontracting costs relating to technology service revenue.

Sales and marketing expense

Sales and marketing expense consist primarily of advertising expenditures and compensation (including stock-based compensation) and other employee-related costs for personnel and consultants engaged in sales and sales support functions. Advertising and promotional spend includes online marketing, including fees paid to search engines, and offline marketing, which primarily consists of partner-related payments to those who direct traffic to our brands.

Product development expense

Product development expense, which relates to the development of technology of our applications, consists primarily of compensation (including stock-based compensation) and other employee-related and consultant-related costs that are not capitalized for personnel engaged in the design, testing and enhancement of service offerings as well as amortization of capitalized website development costs.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expense consists primarily of compensation (including non-cash stock-based compensation) and other employee-related costs for personnel engaged in executive management, finance, legal, tax and human resources and facilities costs and fees for other professional services and cost of insurance. General and administrative expense also includes depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of intangible assets.

Key Metrics

Our management relies on certain non-GAAP and/or unaudited performance indicators to manage and evaluate our business. The key performance indicators set forth below help us evaluate growth trends, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness of our advertising and marketing efforts and assess operational efficiencies. We also discuss net cash (used in) provided by operating activities under the ‟Results of Operations” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sectionssection below. Adjusted EBITDA is discussed below.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net loss adjusted to exclude interest (income), expense, net, other (income) expense, net, income taxestax (benefit) expense, depreciation and amortization expense, and stock-based compensation expense.

We present Adjusted EBITDA because it is a key measure used by our management and Board of Directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to develop short- and long-term operational plans and to allocate resources to expand our business. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of the cash operating income generated by our business. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors and others to understand and evaluate our operating results, and it allows for a more meaningful comparison between our performance and that of competitors.

Limitations of Adjusted EBITDA

Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider this performance measure in isolation from or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are that Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect, among other things: interest (income) expense, net, provisioncash capital expenditures for income taxes,assets underlying depreciation and amortization expense that may need to be replaced or for new capital expenditures; net loss from discontinued operations; interest income, net; other expense, net,net; income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations; our working capital requirements; the potentially dilutive impact of stock-based compensation; and stock-based compensation;the provision for income taxes. Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net loss and our other GAAP results. The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss,income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated:

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth condensed consolidated statements of operations data for each of the periods indicated as a percentage of total revenues:

Three Months Ended March 31, 20232024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 20222023

Revenue

Total revenue decreasedincreased by 12.4%1.3% to $2,597,730 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $2,564,017 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $2,926,701 for the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. This decreaseincrease was primarily driven by a decreasean increase in subscriptionadvertising revenue.

The following table sets forth our subscription revenue, advertising revenue technology service revenue and total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, the increase or decrease(decrease) between those periods, the percentage increase or decrease(decrease) between those periods, and the percentage of total revenue that each represented for those periods:

Subscription Revenue

Our subscription revenue for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 decreased by $340,669,$22,688, or 12.0%0.9%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. The decrease in subscription revenue was primarily driven by a decrease in new subscribers as well as a decreasesubscription revenue in virtual gifts across the PaltalkCamfrog and Camfrog applications.Tinychat, offset slightly by increases in subscription revenue from ManyCam.

Advertising Revenue

Our advertising revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased2024 increased by $22,015,$56,401, or 27.4%96.7%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. The decreaseincrease in advertising revenue was primarily due to a decreasean increase in the volume of advertising impressions related to changes in the optimization of third-party advertising partners.

Costs and Expenses

Total costs and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 decreased by $166,831,$113,115, or 4.6%3.3%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. The following table presents our costs and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 2022,2023, the increase or decrease between those periods and the percentage increase or decrease between those periods and the percentage of total revenue that each represented for those periods:

Cost of revenue

Our cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 increased by $150,379,$16,600, or 23.1%2.1%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. This increase was a result of ManyCam expenses of $67,020,is primarily due to an increase in hosting expense of $92,506, as well as an increase in payment processing fees of approximately $15,978.due to increased usage and per unit cost from web hosting providers and slightly offset by consulting fees.

Sales and marketing expense

Our sales and marketing expense for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 decreased by $156,614,$64,274, or 38.1%25.2%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. The decrease in sales and marketing expense for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 was primarily due to a decrease in marketing user acquisition expenses, including agent fees, of $126,615 as well as a decrease in marketing and brandingsalary-related expenses of $32,920.approximately $59,361.

Product development expense

Our product development expense for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 decreased by $281,559,$36,881, or 18.4%3.0%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in software expenses of approximately $145,199 related to development consulting services.$79,522. We accomplished this reduction by streamlining our offshore development efforts from which we expect to realize further decreases in expenses as well as decreases in headcountreallocating in-house resources. This decrease was offset slightly by increased dues and subscriptions expenses of $56,979, amortization$28,602 and salary-related expenses of $29,837 and domain name expense of $17,549.$11,774.

General and administrative expense

Our general and administrative expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased2024 decreased by $120,963,$28,560, or 11.6%2.4%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. The increasedecrease in general and administrative expense for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 was primarily due to an increasea decrease in global professional and tax fees.

Non-Operating (Loss) Income

The following table presents the components of non-operating income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, the increase or decrease between those periods and the percentage increase or decrease between those periods and the percentage of total revenue that each represented for those periods:

Non-operating income for the three months ended March 31, 202330, 2024 was $121,167,$151,984, an increase of $130,915$30,817, or 1,343.0%25.4%, as compared to non-operating lossincome of $9,748$121,167 for the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. The increase resulted from thewas primarily a result of interest earned in a high yield bank account.

Income Taxes

Our provision for income taxes consists of federal, foreign, state and statelocal taxes, as applicable, in amounts necessary to align our year-to-date tax provision with the effective rate that it expectswe expect to achieve for the full year. For the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and March 31, 2022,2023, we recorded an income tax benefit of $49,554$117,900 and income tax provisionbenefit of $16,031,$49,554, respectively, consisting primarily of federal, foreign, state and local taxes.

As of March 31, 2023, our conclusion regarding the realizability of our U.S. deferred tax assets did not change and we have recorded a full valuation allowance against them.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Currently, our primary source of liquidity is cash on hand, and we believe that our cash and cash equivalents balance and our expected cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet all of our financial obligations for one year from the date these financial statements are issued. As of March 31, 2023,2024, we had $13,929,729$13,047,255 of cash and cash equivalents.

Our primary use of working capital is related to product development resources and an investment in marketing activities in order to maintain and create new services and features in applications for our clients and users. In particular, a significant portion of our working capital has been allocated to the improvement of our products. In the future, we may seek to grow our business by expending our capital resources to fund strategic acquisitions, investments and partnership opportunities.

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $802,991$520,794 for the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $1,232,954 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Changes in accounts payable of $316,967 and accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $659,622 contributed to the use of cash flows from operations$802,991 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decreaseimprovement in the amount of cash flows used in operations resulted mainly fromfor the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily attributed to a decrease in subscription revenue and an increase in overalltotal operating expenses duringcompared to the first quarter of 2022, as we focused on user retention and engagement.three months ended March 31, 2023.

Investing Activities

There was no net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 or the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $7,213$0 for the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, as compared to $0$7,213 of net cash provided byused in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022.2023. This increase inhigher use of cash used in financing activities in 2023 is attributed to the Stock Repurchase Plan. For the three months endeda stock repurchase plan that was approved by our Board of Directors in March 31,2022. The stock repurchase plan expired on March 29, 2023 we repurchased 5,192 shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $7,213. pursuant to its terms and has not been renewed.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

There have been no other material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments disclosed in the contractual obligations and commitments section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2023,2024, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no critical accounting estimates made by management that would involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material effect impact on the financial statements condition or results of operations of the Company.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our chief executive officer recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

Based on the evaluation as of March 31, 2023,2024, our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarterly period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Patent Litigation

On July 23, 2021, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, Paltalk Holdings, Inc., filed a patent infringement lawsuit against WebEx Communications, Inc., Cisco WebEx LLC, and Cisco Systems, Inc. (collectively, “Cisco”), in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas.Texas (the “Court”). The Company alleges that certain of Cisco’s products have infringed U.S. Patent No. 6,683,858, and that the Company is entitled to damages.

A Markman hearing took place on February 24, 2022. On September 7, 2022, the United States Patent Office issued a reexamination of U.S. Patent No. 6,683,858, and on January 19, 2023, the Examiner issued an Ex Parte Reexamination Certificate, ending the reexamination and confirming the patentability of claims 1-10 of U.S. Patent No. 6,683,858. AOn June 29, 2023, the Court held a pretrial conference with the parties and denied Cisco’s motion for summary judgment. The trial is scheduled for early third quarterexpected to be held in August of 2023.2024.

If the Company receives a jury verdict in its favor or receives settlement proceeds in connection with the foregoing litigation, the exact amount of such proceeds to be received by the Company will be determined based on a number of factors and will reflect the deduction of significant litigation-related expenses, including legal fees. Consequently, the Company will not receive the majority of any gross proceeds resulting from any potential verdict or settlement. For the foregoing reasons, we are unable to predict the outcome of this litigation and its ultimate cost.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There were no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Form 10-K during the three months ended March 31, 2023.2024. For more information concerning our risk factors, please see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Form 10-K. 

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities 

There were no sales of unregistered securities during the quarter ended March 31, 20232024 that were not previously reported on a Current Report on Form 8-K.

Issuer RepurchasesPurchases of Common Stock

The following table details our repurchases of common stock duringDuring the three months ended March 31, 2023:2024, the Company did not repurchase any shares of common stock.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.