UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31,June 30, 2022

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OF 15(d) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FromFor the transition period from               to               .

Commission File Number 001-35798

Humanigen, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

830 Morris Turnpike, 4th Floor

Short Hills, NJ 07078

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (973) 200-3100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes   ☒ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☒  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐  No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☒  No ☐

As of May 2,August 9, 2022, there were 70,633,705103,660,938 shares of common stock of the issuer outstanding.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “Humanigen,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Humanigen, Inc., and its consolidated subsidiaries. This report also may include trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by us or other companies. All trademarks, service marks and trade names included in this report are the property of their respective owners.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

HUMANIGEN, INC.

FORM 10-Q

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Humanigen, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes.

Humanigen, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes.

Humanigen, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes.

Humanigen, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes.

Humanigen, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Nature of Operations

Description of the Business

The Company is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company, developing its portfolio of proprietary Humaneered^® anti-inflammatory immunology and immuno-oncology monoclonal antibodies. The Company’s proprietary, patented Humaneered technology platform is a method for converting existing antibodies (typically murine) into engineered, high-affinity human antibodies designed for therapeutic use, particularly with acute and chronic conditions. Humanigen has developed or in-licensed targets or research antibodies, typically from academic institutions, and then applied its Humaneered technology to optimize them. The Company’s lead product candidate, lenzilumab, or LENZ^®, and its other two product candidates,candidate, ifabotuzumab (“iFab”) and HGEN005,, are Humaneered monoclonal antibodies. The Company’s Humaneered antibodies are closer to human antibodies than chimeric or conventionally humanized antibodies and have a high affinity for their target. In addition, the Company believes its Humaneered antibodies offer further important advantages, such as high potency, a slow off-rate and a lower likelihood to induce an inappropriate immune response or infusion related reactions.

The Company is focusing its efforts on the development of its lead product candidate, lenzilumab. Lenzilumab is a monoclonal antibody that has been demonstrated to neutralize granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (“GM-CSF”), a cytokine believed to be of critical importance in the hyperinflammatory cascade, sometimes referred to as cytokine release syndrome (“CRS”) or cytokine storm, which is associated with COVID-19, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (“CAR-T”) therapy, acute Graft versus Host Disease (“aGvHD”) associated with bone marrow transplants, as well as several other conditions. The Company’s development programs in COVID-19, CAR-T and aGvHD are complementary in that all are focused on preventing or reducing cytokine storm in those disease states.

The Company has completed a Phase 3 registrational trial with lenzilumab in newly hospitalized COVID-19 patients (known as “LIVE-AIR”) and announced positiveIn July 2022, preliminary topline data in March 2021. Following completion of the LIVE-AIR study, the Company commenced a series of efforts to attain authorization to commercialize lenzilumab for use in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States and the United Kingdom. The Company’s regulatory initiatives have not yet resulted in commercial authorization.

The next anticipated step in the Company’s development program for lenzilumab in COVID-19 is the release of results from the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines-5 (“ACTIV-5”) and Big Effect Trial, in the “B” arm of the trial (“BET-B”), referred to as the ACTIV-5/BET-B trial, which is were released. The study was sponsored and funded by the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”). This study is evaluating and evaluated lenzilumab in combination with remdesivir, compared to placebo and remdesivir, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, as more fully described below.patients. Based on the preliminary topline results, the trial did not achieve statistical significance on the primary endpoint, although did indicate that lenzilumab demonstrated a positive trend in mortality. The Company continues to support NIH’s further analysis of the data and lenzilumab has interest from a global group of leading institutions and research networks to include lenzilumab in their large-scale, multinational studies of COVID-19. Tocilizumab and baricitinib demonstrated mortality benefit following inclusion in such studies having failed to do so in smaller studies.

A sub-analysisThe Company announced a strategic realignment of its pipeline and resources and is reconsidering its regulatory strategy. The Company plans to accelerate the LIVE-AIR study suggested that patients withdevelopment of lenzilumab in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (“CMML”), a baseline C-reactive protein level (“CRP”) below 150 mg/L (the “CRP subgroup”) appeared to deriverare blood cancer, for which the greatest benefit from lenzilumab; therefore, the ACTIV-5/BET-B study protocol was modified by NIH to include baseline CRP below 150 mg/L as the primary analysis population. The ACTIV-5/BET-BPREACH-M study is fully enrolled with over 400already underway, and to continue its plans for the RATinG study in acute graft versus host disease (“aGvHD”) that occurs in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant, that met this criterion. Topline results from ACTIV-5/BET-B areis expected to be releasedenroll its first patient in the secondthird quarter of 2022. If confirmatory of the findings of the CRP subgroup fromThese studies are majority funded by the Company’s LIVE-AIR study,partners. In addition, the Company is currently assessing requests for investigator-initiated trials (“IIT”s) of lenzilumab in combination with CAR-T therapies; the previously planned SHIELD study of lenzilumab with certain CAR-T therapies has been terminated pursuant to the strategic realignment plan. The Company also plans to includecontinue the results from ACTIV-5/BET-Bdevelopment of iFab, an EpAh-3 targeted monoclonal antibody currently in Phase 1 development, as part of an amendmentantibody drug conjugate (“ADC”), for certain solid tumors. Under the realignment plan, the Company will deemphasize the deployment of certain resources for the development of lenzilumab for COVID-19 and currently does not plan to itsfile for Emergency Use Authorization (“EUA”) submissionin the United States in 2022. The Company had previously planned to respond to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), and to include these results in a responsive submission torolling review written questions received last year from the Medicines and Healthcare productsProducts Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) following receipt of the United Kingdom along with certain performance process qualification (“PPQ”) data around drug product batches, in the second quarter of 2022. In addition, as a result of feedback receivedresults from representatives of European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), if the ACTIV-5/BET-B data are confirmatory of the results of the findings of the CRP subgroup from the LIVE-AIR study, thetrial but does not plan to respond to these written questions in 2022. The Company no longer intends to submit a Conditional Marketing Authorization (“CMA”) for lenzilumab with an Accelerated Approval request to EMA laterthe European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) in 2022.2022.The Named Patient program in select European Countries will be terminated. With the exception of lenzilumab batches in process, the Company plans to stop the manufacturing of lenzilumab. The Company plans to consolidate the remaining inventory of lenzilumab bulk drug substance and drug product in a central location for potential future use.

As of July 22, 2022, there are approximately 11,500 lenzilumab treatments in production. Approximately 65,800 lenzilumab treatments will be stored and 9,000 treatments are being sent for destruction as a result of expiry of drug substance (an intermediate step to final drug product). Current shelf life of drug product is 36 months and bulk drug substance is 12 months. One of the Company’s Contract Manufacturing Organizations (“CMOs”), Catalent Pharma Solutions, LLC (“Catalent”), has notified the Company that it is in breach of its manufacturing agreement with Catalent and has issued a demand for payment for outstanding amounts owed. Catalent has demanded payment of the past due balance of $12.8 million by August 8, 2022 to cure this breach and has threatened to cancel the manufacturing agreement if payment is not made (See Note 11 below). Unless the Company complies with their demand for payment, it is unlikely the Company will be able to utilize the treatments in production and treatments for which production has been completed. Another 33,000 treatments are in production at one of the Company’s CMOs, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (“Thermo”), for which material has not yet been released by the Company, and which may require reprocessing prior to release. Thermo has notified the Company that they have stopped production and have issued a demand for payment. The Company has disputed the amounts owed to Thermo as a result of Thermo’s failure to produce usable material within stated release specifications. At this time, it is unlikely that these 33,000 treatments would be released by the Company. Inventory of treatments produced at our CMOs for which the process has not been validated or released will likely be destroyed in the future if no potential commercial use is found.

See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Item 7 of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the business.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2022 were prepared on the basis of a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. However, the Company has incurred net losses since its inception, and has negative operating cash flows and its total liabilities exceed total assets. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

As of March 31,June 30, 2022, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $68.9$47.0 million. TheIn July 2022, as part of its strategic realignment plan, as stated in Notes 5 and 11, the Company continues to advancepaid amounts owed under the Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules as agent for its effortsaffiliates serving as lenders thereunder (the “Term Loan”) of $26.7 million in supportfull settlement of the developmentremaining outstanding principal balance, accrued interest, the end of lenzilumab asterm fee (less a therapy for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, as well as$0.1 million reduction) and waiver of the $0.4 million prepayment fee, fully extinguishing and terminating the Term Loan in the CAR-T, aGvHD and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (“CMML”) settings. On September 8, 2021, FDA declined to authorize the EUA the Company had submitted for lenzilumab in COVID-19 patients. As more fully described under “Item 1. Business���Manufacturing and Raw Materials.” in the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company had entered into agreements with several contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”) to provide manufacturing, fill/finish and packaging services for lenzilumab. While the Company remains committed to its ongoing efforts seeking marketing authorization for lenzilumab to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the U.S., UK and other territories, since September 9, 2021, the Company amended, and in some cases canceled, certain of these agreements, some of which were contingent on EUA, in an effort to reduce its future spending on lenzilumab production until and if authorization is received in the U.S., UK, or European Union (“EU”) (See Note 6 below). These actions reduced the Company’s manufacturing costs beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021 and will limit future production of lenzilumab.process.

Considering the Company’s current cash resources and its current and expected levels of operating expenses for the next twelve months, which includes combined accounts payable and accrued expenses recorded in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31,June 30, 2022 of $67.1$71.1 million, and its non-manufacturing commitments of $1.3$0.3 million and manufacturing commitments of $42.6$36.5 million during the remaining ninesix months of 2022, $11.8$7.6 million for 2023, and $4.6$6.6 million thereafter (see Note 6 below), management expects to needthe Company requires additional capital to fund the Company’s planned operations. Certain of these commitments and amounts accrued at June 30, 2022 are in dispute. The Company intends to seek to defer payments, negotiate lower amounts or pursue other courses of action for certain commitments and amounts owed to manufacturing and other partners at June 30, 2022. In order to remain a going concern and execute its strategic realignment plan, the Company must successfully renegotiate these amounts owed and remaining commitments, and settle disputes, including current and potential future arbitration and litigation. Management maywill seek to raise such additional capital through public or private equity offerings, including under the Controlled Equity Offering^SM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”), grant financing, and support from governmental agencies, convertible and other debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, and marketing, supply, distribution, or licensing arrangements. Subsequent to March 31,June 30, 2022 and through the date of this filing,August 10, 2022, as disclosed in Note 11 below, the Company issued and sold 679,32833,628,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement and received net proceeds of approximately $2.0$15.9 million, after deducting fees and expenses. While management believes its plans to raise additional funds will alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, these plans are not entirely within the Company’s control and cannot be assessed as being probable of occurring. The Company expects that the results of the ACTIV-5/BET-B trial will be important to potential investors. The Company’s ability to raise capital on favorable terms in the near future is linked to the success of that trial, which cannot be assured. Additional funds may not be available when the Company needs them on terms that are acceptable to the Company, or at all. If adequate funds are not available, the Company may be required to delay or reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of its research or development programs, its commercialization efforts or its manufacturing commitments and capacity. In addition, if the Company raises additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances, or marketing, supply, distribution, or licensing arrangements with third parties, the Company may have to relinquish rights to its technologies, future revenue streams or product candidates or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to the Company. While management believes its realignment plans and its plans to raise additional funds will alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, these plans are not entirely within the Company’s control and cannot be assessed as being probable of occurring.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and on a basis consistent with the annual consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments necessary for the presentation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. These financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The December 31, 2021 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from the audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022, or for any other future annual or interim period. The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The Company believes judgment is involved in accounting for the determination of revenue recognition, fair value-based measurement of stock-based compensation and accruals. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions as facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions, and those differences could be material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are detailed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. There have been no significant changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022, from those previously disclosed in its 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

3. Potentially Dilutive Securities

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include stock options and warrants and shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible debt, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share as the effect of including those securities would be to reduce the net loss per common share and be antidilutive. Therefore, the denominator used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per common share is the same in each period presented.

The following outstanding potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted net loss per common share:

 4. License Revenue

On November 3, 2020, the Company entered into a License Agreement (the “South Korea Agreement”) with KPM Tech Co., Ltd. (“KPM”) and its affiliate, Telcon RF Pharmaceutical, Inc. (together with KPM, the “Licensee”). Pursuant to the South Korea Agreement, among other things, the Company granted the Licensee a license under certain patents and other intellectual property to develop and commercialize lenzilumab for treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, in South Korea and the Philippines (the “Territory”), subject to certain reservations and limitations. The Licensee will be responsible for gaining regulatory approval for, and subsequent commercialization of, lenzilumab in the Territory.

As consideration for the license, the Licensee has agreed to pay the Company (i) an up-front license fee of $6.0 million, payable promptly following the execution of the License Agreement, which was received in the fourth quarter of 2020, (ii) up to an aggregate of $14.0 million in two payments based on achievement by the Company of two specified milestones in the U.S., of which the first milestone was met in the first quarter of 2021 and $6.0 million (or $4.5 million net of withholding taxes and other fees and royalties) was received in the second quarter of 2021, and (iii) subsequent to the receipt by the Licensee of the requisite regulatory approvals, double-digit royalties on the net sales of lenzilumab in South Korea and the Philippines. The Licensee has agreed to certain development and commercial performance obligations. It is expected that the Company will supply lenzilumab to the Licensee for a minimum of 7.5 years at a cost-plus basis from an existing or future manufacturer. The Licensee has agreed to certain minimum purchases of lenzilumab on an annual basis.

Since the provision of the license and the cooperation and assistance to be provided by the Company to the Licensee with regulatory authorities in the Territory and the Company’s obligation to serve on a joint steering committee (the “Services”) are considered a single performance obligation, the $6.0 million upfront payment (or $4.5 million net of withholding taxes and other fees and royalties) and the first milestone payment of $6.0 million (or $4.5 million net of withholding taxes and other fees and royalties, are being recognized as revenue ratably over the performance period through March 2023, (the “Performance Period”), the expected period over which the Company conservatively expects the Services to be performed with approval in the Territory expected by the end of March 2023.(the “Performance Period”). Therefore, the Company recognized license revenue totaling approximately $1.0 million and $0.5$2.1 million in the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2022, respectively, and $1.0 million and $1.5 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.

Licensee’s purchases of lenzilumab for development purposes or for commercial requirements, represent options under the agreement and revenues will therefore be recognized when control of the product is transferred to Licensee.

Contract Liabilities

A contract liability of $4.1$3.1 million was recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as deferred revenue as of March 31,June 30, 2022 related to the South Korea agreement. There were no contract asset or deferred contract acquisition costs as of March 31,June 30, 2022 associated with the South Korea agreement.

The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract liability for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022 (in thousands):

5. Long-Term Debt

Secured Term Loan Facility

On March 10, 2021, the Company executed a Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules as agent for its affiliates serving as lenders thereunder (the “Term Loan”). Thethe Term Loan provideswhich provided a loan in the aggregate principal amount of up to $80 million, in three tranches. On March 29, 2021, the Company drew the initial $25.0 million tranche under the Term Loan. After giving effect to payment of fees and expenses associated with the draw, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $24.4 million. The Term Loan bore interest at a floating rate equal to the greater of either (i) 8.75% plus the prime rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal minus 3.25%, or (ii) 8.75%. The Company is no longer entitledwas initially obligated to drawmake monthly payments of accrued interest under the second tranche, which was to be in the amount of up to $35.0 million, as it did not receive EUA for lenzilumab for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia by September 15, 2021.

No principal payments will be due during an interest-only period,Term Loan commencing on the initial borrowing date and continuing to April 1, 2023, subject to extension to April 1, 2024,followed by monthly installments of principal and potentially October 1, 2024, under certain conditions. Following the interest-only period, the outstanding balance of the loan will be required to be repaid monthly, continuing through the maturity date. The Company will be required to repay amounts borrowed byinterest until March 1, 2025, subject to a one-year extension option that it may exercise if it has received FDA approval of a Biologics License Application (“BLA”) for the use of lenzilumab for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, and the FDA-authorized label for lenzilumab is generally consistent with that sought in the Company’s BLA filing, and2025. In July 2022, the Company has paid Hercules certainprepaid $25.0 million of outstanding principal, together with approximately $1.7 million of accrued interest, fees and expenses associatedother amounts, due under the Term Loan. In connection with the extension.

Whileprepayment, the Term Loan is outstanding, the lenders will have the right to convert a portion of the principal amount outstandingwith Hercules was terminated, and all obligations, liens and security interests under the Term Loan (rangingwere released, discharged and satisfied (see Note 11). By retiring the Term Loan, the Company is able to reduce future cash payments for interest and enhance its ability to generate additional liquidity from $5.0 million to $10.0 million inits intellectual property by removing the aggregate) into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price equal to $19.57 per share, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments.loan’s collateral requirements. 

The following table summarizes the outstanding future payments of principal and interest associated with the Company’s Term Loan as of March 31, 2022 (in thousands):

Interest expense related to the Term Loan recorded duringwas $0.8 million and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2022, was approximately $0.7 millionrespectively, and the effective interest rate was 9.25%.approximately 9.7% and 9.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Interest expense related to the Term Loan was $0.6 million for both the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2021, and the effective interest rate was approximately 9.0% in both periods.

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Eversana Agreement

On January 10, 2021, the Company announced that it had entered into a master services agreement (the “Eversana Agreement”) with Eversana Life Science Services, LLC (“Eversana”) pursuant to which Eversana will provide the Company multiple services from its integrated commercial platform in preparation for the potential commercialization of lenzilumab.

Under the Eversana Agreement, Eversana will provide the Company with services in connection with the potential launch of lenzilumab. Eversana services during 2021 comprised marketing, market access, consulting, field solutions, field operations, health economics and medical affairs. Additional services may be negotiated by the parties and set forth in statements of work delivered in accordance with the Eversana Agreement.

On September 21, 2021, the Company notified Eversana that due to the EUA status in the U.S., it was terminating the initial statement of work related to commercialization support of lenzilumab for the treatment of COVID-19 in the United States. Eversana is disputing the termination notice and has requested payment of approximately $4.0 million it has asserted the Company owes for services rendered from April 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021. The Company has disputed this assertion and is workingEversana has filed for arbitration to resolve this dispute. See Note 10 below for more information on this dispute.

The Eversana Agreement provides for a one-year term and will renew for subsequent one-year terms unless either party provides a notice of non-renewal. After the first year, the Company may terminate the Eversana Agreement upon advance written notice to Eversana. The Eversana Agreement contains customary provisions allowing either party to terminate the Eversana Agreement as a result of certain changes in law and material breaches and certain insolvency events by or relating to the other party.

The Eversana Agreement imposes customary mutual obligations on the parties to protect and not disclose the confidential information and intellectual property of the other, and contains insurance, non-solicitation, indemnification and limitation of liability provisions customary for service contracts of this type.

Manufacturing Agreements

The Company has entered into agreements with several CMOs to manufacture bulk drug substance (“BDS”) and to provide fill/finish services or drug product (“DP”) for lenzilumab for a potential launch of lenzilumab in anticipation of an EUA or CMA. The Company has also entered into agreements for packaging of the drug. These agreements represent large commitments, includinginclude upfront amounts prior to commencement of manufacturing and progress payments through the course of the manufacturing process and include payments for technology transfer. Since September 9, 2021, the Company has amended, and in some cases canceled, certain of these agreements, some of which were contingent on EUA, in an effort to reduce its future spending on lenzilumab production until and if authorization is received inproduction. More recently, the U.S., UK, or EU. These actions reduced the Company’sCompany has sought to mitigate its financial commitments by ceasing additional manufacturing costs beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021 and will limit future production of lenzilumab. In addition, certain of the Company’s CMOs have been unsuccessful in their efforts to manufacture some batches of lenzilumab to the Company’s specifications for various reasons. The Company is workingin connection with one of these CMOs to determine if batches of lenzilumab manufactured by them will be usable in the future or, if not, whether other financial recompense will be offered to the Company. Another CMO was unsuccessful in its attempts to produce BDS and has filed for arbitration of amounts owed. Mediation efforts were unsuccessful as the CMO insisted on large cash payments despite its inability to produce any BDS. The Company is contemplating litigation in an effort to recover previous monies provided to this CMO as prepayment for services and materials and to recover a significant amount of raw materials and components currently held by this CMO that have been paid for by the Company.realignment plan. As of March 31,June 30, 2022, the Company estimates that its commitments remaining to be incurred under these agreements are approximately $42.6$36.5 million for the remaining ninesix months of 2022, $11.8$7.6 million for 2023, and $4.6$6.6 million thereafter. Certain of these commitments and amounts accrued at year-endJune 30, 2022 are in dispute and thedispute. The Company intends to seek to defer these and other payments, negotiate lower amounts or seekpursue other courses of action for these amounts, but the amounts in question.Company’s efforts may not be successful. See Notes 10 and 11 below for more information on these disputes.

7. Stockholders’ Equity

Controlled Equity Offering

On December 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement with Cantor, under which the Company could issue and sell, from time-to-time, shares of the Company’s common stock, having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $100 million through Cantor, as the sales agent. On April 14, 2022, the Company filed a prospectus in respect of the Sales Agreement which provides the Company with the ability to offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million. During the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2022, under the Sales Agreement, the Company issued and sold 1,288,561 shares of its common stock for net proceeds of $3.5 million, and 7,215,309 shares of its common stock for net proceeds of $21.8 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, under the Sales Agreement, the Company issued and sold 1,796,858 shares of its common stock under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $36.1 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued and sold 5,926,748 shares of its common stock under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $18.4 million. As of March 31,June 30, 2022, the Company had the ability to offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $13.3$84.8 million under the prospectus supplement dated August 13, 2021 to the Company’s prospectus dated September 14, 2020 filed in respect of the Sales Agreement. SeeAgreement (see Note 11 below for additional information related to the Sales Agreement.11).

2021 Underwritten Public Offering

On March 30, 2021, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Cantor, as representatives of the several underwriters, in connection with the public offering of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock. In addition, we granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase an additional 750,000 shares of our common stock. The initial offering closed on April 5, 2021. On May 3, 2021, we closed on the sale of an additional 427,017 shares of our common stock related to the exercise of the underwriters’ 30-day option. The aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of the 5,427,017 shares in the offering, inclusive of the additional shares purchased by the underwriters, were approximately $100.4 million. The net proceeds from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering costs, were approximately $94.2 million.

8. Stock-Based Compensation

A summary of stock option activity for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022 under all the Company’s options plans is as follows:

The weighted average fair value of options granted during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022 was $2.41 per share.

The Company valued the options granted using the Black-Scholes options pricing model and the following weighted-average assumption terms for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022:

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows (in thousands):

At March 31,June 30, 2022, the Company had $11.2$9.7 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to outstanding stock options that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.81.5 years. As of March 31,June 30, 2022, there were 4,714,4074,734,557 shares available for grant under the Company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan.Plan (See Note 11).

9. License and Collaboration Agreements

Kite Agreement

On May 30, 2019, the Company entered into a collaboration agreement (the “Kite Agreement”) with Kite Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Kite”), pursuant to which the Company and Kite arewere conducting a multi-center Phase 1b/2 study of lenzilumab with Kite’s Yescarta in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (“DLBCL”). On April 19, 2021, the Company announced positive preliminary data from this study. As a result of this positive preliminary data and the conclusion of the Phase 1b portion of the study, the Company elected to terminate the clinical collaboration agreement with Kite. Enrollment in the Phase 1b portion of the study is closed and the study itself shall be closed in 2022.has been closed. The effective date of termination of the clinical collaboration with Kite was December 31, 2021. Until the Phase 1b portion of the study is terminated and the last subject transitioned onto the Kite long term follow up protocol, Humanigen and Kite will cooperate to ensure the orderly wind down of study activities. The Company is preparinghad intended to initiate a Company-sponsored, registrational Phase 3 study with Yescarta and Tecartus, commercially available CD19 CAR-T therapies, in non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2022. The2022; however, as part of its strategic realignment plan, that study has been terminated and the Company met with FDA in December 2021instead intends to discuss the study protocol. Modifications to the protocol have been submitted to FDA. The Company currently plans to enroll more than 160 patients in the study.assess and support further clinical assessment of lenzilumab for prevention of CAR-T therapy related toxicities through an IIT for which it will provide lenzilumab.

 Clinical Trial Agreement with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

On July 24, 2020, the Company entered into a clinical trial agreement (the “ACTIV-5 Clinical Trial Agreement”) with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (“NIAID”), part of NIH, which is part of the U.S. Government Department of Health and Human Services, as represented by the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Pursuant to the ACTIV-5 Clinical Trial Agreement, lenzilumab is beingwas evaluated in the NIAID-sponsored ACTIV-5/BET-B trial in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The ACTIV-5/BET-B study protocol was modified to focus on patients with a baseline CRP below 150 mg/L (the CRP subgroup) as the primary analysis population. According to the preliminary topline results released in July 2022, the trial did not achieve statistical significance on the primary endpoint, which was defined as the proportion of patients with baseline CRP<150 mg/L and age<85 years, alive and without mechanical ventilation through Day 29. The preliminary topline data showed a non-significant trend toward a reduction in mortality in the overall patient population [HR 0.72]. There were no new safety signals attributed to lenzilumab in the ACTIV-5/BET-B study is fully enrolled with over 400 patients that met this criterion and the Company anticipates top-line data in the second quarter of 2022. See Note 1 above for further information regarding ACTIV-5/BET-B.study.

Pursuant to the ACTIV-5 Clinical Trial Agreement, NIAID servesserved as sponsor and iswas responsible for funding, supervising and overseeing the ACTIV-5/BET-B.BET-B trial. The Company has been responsible for providingprovided lenzilumab to NIAID without charge and in quantities to ensure a sufficient supply of lenzilumab. The ACTIV-5 Clinical Trial Agreement imposesimposed additional obligations on the Company that are reasonable and customary for clinical trial agreements of this nature, including in respect of compliance with data privacy laws and potential indemnification obligations.

 10. Litigation

Eversana Arbitration

On May 19, 2022, Eversana filed a Demand for Arbitration claiming approximately $4.4 million in damages against the Company with the American Arbitration Association entitled, Eversana Life Sciences, LLC. v. Humanigen, Inc. (AAA Case No. 01-21-0018-0523). The Demand contains two breach of contract claims related to the Eversana Agreement between the parties and a related agreement between the companies’ European subsidiaries, and a claim for unjust enrichment. Eversana asserts that the Company failed to pay it amounts due for work preparing for the potential commercializing of lenzilumab performed between April 1, 2021 and September 30, 2021. The Company denies Eversana’s claims and assertions that amounts are owing and is prepared to defend itself vigorously.   

Avid Arbitration

On December 17, 2021, Avid Bioservices, Inc. (“Avid”) filed a Demand for Arbitration claiming more than $20.5 million in damages against the Company with the American Arbitration Association entitled, Avid Bioservices, Inc. v. Humanigen, Inc. (AAA Case No. 01-21-0018-0523). The Demand contains three claims for: (1) Breach of Contract concerning the Process Development and Manufacturing Master Services Agreement; (2) Anticipatory Breach of Contract concerning the Capacity Expansion and Contribution/Commitment letter; and (3) Trade Libel and Commercial Disparagement. Avid claims that the Company canceled the contract after Avid was unable to successfully produce any full batches of lenzilumab BDS, but that the Company still owes the full amount due under the contract for all batches under the contract. Avid blamed its failed attempts on a subcontractor. To date, the Company has paid Avid $10.6 million, despite Avid not being able to produce any full BDS batches.

On January 6, 2022, the Company filed an Answer to Avid’s Demand, denying the allegations and asserting affirmative defenses. On July 1, 2022, the Company filed its own lawsuit against Avid in Orange County Superior Court asserting claims for: (1) Breach of Contract; (2) Declaratory Relief; and (3) Unfair Business Practices.

Savant Litigation

The Company was previously involved in litigation against Savant Neglected Diseases, LLC (“Savant”). In March 2022, the Company and Savant reached a confidential settlement. Accordingly, the litigation involving Savant was dismissed on March 31, 2022.

Private Placement Litigation

 On June 15, 2020, a complaint was filed against the Company and Dr. Durrant in the Commercial Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York. The case caption is Alliance Texas Holdings, LLC et al. v. Humanigen, Inc. et al., Index No. 652490/2020 (“Alliance Texas Holdings Case”). Dr. Durrant has been dismissed as an individual defendant in the case. The plaintiffs in the Alliance Texas Holdings Case comprise a group of prospective investors introduced to Humanigen by Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”), which had been engaged by the Company as a non-exclusive placement agent in connection with a private placement of its common stock (the “Private Placement”). The plaintiffs had indicated interest in purchasing shares of common stock in the Private Placement but, due to the strength of demand for shares from other prospective investors, the plaintiffs were not allocated any investment amount. The plaintiffs allege that the Company breached a contractual obligation to deliver shares of common stock to the plaintiffs. The plaintiffs seek to recover for losses due to the Company’s alleged failure to deliver shares to them and seek equitable relief in the form of specific performance. 

On April 19, 2021, the Company and Noble entered into a confidential settlement agreement in respect of a separate lawsuit brought by Noble related to the Private Placement (the “Noble Case”) captioned Noble Capital Markets, Inc. v. Humanigen, Inc., Case No. 9:20-CV-81131-WPD, pursuant to which the Noble Case was dismissed with prejudice. 

On February 24, 2022, the Company entered into a confidential settlement agreement and release with respect to the claims raised in the Alliance Texas Holding Case, pursuant to which the Alliance Texas Holding Case has been discontinued with prejudice, except as to two Plaintiffs whose claims comprised less than 10% of the total alleged investments, as to whom the case has been discontinued without prejudice.

11. Subsequent Events

On April 14,In July 2022, the Company filed a prospectusprepaid the remaining outstanding principal balance, equal to $25.0 million, together with approximately $1.7 million of accrued interest, fees and other amounts due under the Term Loan with Hercules. In connection with the prepayment, the Term Loan with Hercules was terminated, and all obligations, liens and security interests under the Term Loan were released, discharged and satisfied.

In July 2022, the Company issued 4,358,891 stock option awards intended to enhance the Company’s ability to retain its employees and provide them continuing incentives to execute against the strategic realignment plan, and in respectrecognition of the commitments of the directors in developing and overseeing the same. Accordingly, as of the date of this filing, there were 375,666 shares available for grant under the Company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan.

Subsequent to June 30, 2022 and through August 10, 2022, the Company issued and sold 33,628,000 shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement which providesfor net proceeds of $15.9 million. As of August 10, 2022, the Company withhad the ability to offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0$68.4 million.

Subsequent to March 31,On July 29, 2022, Catalent provided formal notice of payment breach and through the date of this filing,demand for full payment from the Company issued and sold 679,328 shares of common stock under the SalesMultiple Facility Clinical Supply and Services Agreement for net proceeds( the “MSA”) between Catalent and the Company, dated as of $2.0 million. AsJuly 31, 2020. Catalent has demanded payment of the datepast due balance of $12.8 million by August 8, 2022 to cure this filing,breach. If the Company does not cure this payment breach, Catalent shall, among other things, be entitled to terminate the MSA by providing further notice of such termination to the Company. The Company continues to negotiate with Catalent but has the abilitybeen unable to offer and sell shares of common stock havingreach an aggregate offering price of up to $86.3 million under the prospectus supplement dated August 13, 2021 and the prospectus dated April 14, 2022.agreement.

You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that discuss future events or expectations, projections of results of operations or financial condition, trends in our business, business prospects and strategies and other “forward-looking” information. In some cases, you can identify “forward-looking statements” by words like “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “intends,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of those words and other comparable words. These statements may relate to, among other things, our expectations regarding the scope, progress, timing, expansion, and costs of researching, developing and commercializing our product candidates; our expectations relating to regulatory pathways to emergency use or other conditional marketing authorizations and the opportunity to benefit from various regulatory incentives; expectations for our financial results, revenue, operating expenses and other financial measures in future periods; and the adequacy of our sources of liquidity to satisfy our working capital needs, capital expenditures, and other liquidity requirements. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are the factors discussed under “Risk Factors” in “Part I, Item 1A 1A–- Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, and the additional or modified risk factors disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and each subsequently filed Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Some additional factors that could cause actual results to differ include:

These are only some of the factors that may affect the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q. For a discussion identifying additional important factors that could cause actual results to vary materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part II below and in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. You should review these risk factors, together, for a more complete understanding of the risks associated with an investment in our securities. However, we operate in a competitive and rapidly changing environment and new risks and uncertainties emerge, are identified or become apparent from time-to-time. It is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q. You should be aware that the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q are based on our current views and assumptions. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

Overview

 We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company, developing our portfolio of proprietary Humaneered^® anti-inflammatory immunology and immuno-oncology monoclonal antibodies. Our proprietary, patented Humaneered technology platform is a method for converting existing antibodies (typically murine) into engineered, high-affinity human antibodies designed for therapeutic use, particularly with acute and chronic conditions. We have developed or in-licensed targets or research antibodies, typically from academic institutions, and then applied our Humaneered technology to optimize them. Our lead product candidate, lenzilumab, and our other two product candidates,candidate, ifabotuzumab (“iFab”) and HGEN005,, are Humaneered monoclonal antibodies. Our Humaneered antibodies are closer to human antibodies than chimeric or conventionally humanized antibodies and have a high affinity for their target. In addition, we believe our Humaneered antibodies offer further important advantages, such as high potency, a slow off-rate and a lower likelihood to induce an inappropriate immune response or infusion related reaction.

We are focusing our efforts on the development of our lead product candidate, lenzilumab. Lenzilumab is a monoclonal antibody that has been demonstrated to neutralize human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (“GM-CSF”),GM-CSF, a cytokine that we believe leads to the overproduction of monocytes which are responsible for CMML and is of critical importance in the hyperinflammatory cascade, sometimes referred to as cytokine release syndrome (“CRS”)CRS or cytokine storm, associated with COVID-19, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (“CAR-T”) therapy and acute Graft versus Host Disease (“aGvHD”)aGvHD associated with bone marrow transplants.

Market Opportunity in CMML and Related Hematological Cancers

Clonal cytogenic abnormalities are commonly seen in CMML patients. RAS (Retrovirus-Associated DNA Sequence) mutations, which make leukemic cells hyperresponsive to GM-CSF, are seen in approximately 30%-40% of CMML patients and are the anticipated target patient population for lenzilumab. The incidence of new CMML patients in the U.S., UK, and Australia is about 1,700 patients annually.¹ RAS mutations, which may drive GM-CSF hyperresponsiveness, are also seen in additional myeloid hematological malignancies including juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (“JMML”), myelodysplastic syndromes (“MDS”) and acute myeloid leukemia (“AML”), totaling over 4,500 new cases annually in the U.S. We believe success with CMML may provide proof of principle for targeting RAS pathway mutations in myeloid leukemias with lenzilumab and allow us to develop, and if successful, commercialize lenzilumab in these additional patient populations.

As a treatment for a rare disease, lenzilumab may qualify for certain regulatory and commercial benefits that may accelerate development and approval. Pricing and reimbursement for rare diseases are traditionally higher than treatments for more common diseases and can exceed $100,000 per year.

Together with the Principal Investigator, we are assessing regulatory pathways that may enable early results to support a regulatory submission and potential approval by the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia, which could be expanded through Project Orbis, an international regulatory agency collaboration, to the United States and the United Kingdom.

There have been no new therapeutic agents for patients with high-risk CMML in 30 years² and independent publications have demonstrated the key role of GM-CSF and RAS pathway mutations in this and other cancers, including (“JMML”), myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and acute myeloid leukemia.^3,4,5

A clinical protocol is also being developed for JMML with NRAS, KRAS, PTPN11 and/or NF1 genetic mutations.

¹ Incidence extrapolated by applying American Cancer Society incidence rate of four per one million people to the population of U.S., UK, and Australia. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/chronic-myelomonocytic-leukemia/about/key-statistics.html

²Aim of first-ever CMML study – to improve survival. Leukaemia Foundation. (2021, October 11). Retrieved July 21, 2022, from https://www.leukaemia.org.au/stories/aim-of-first-ever-cmml-study-to-improve-survival/

³ Gupta, A. et al. (2021, February 28). Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia-A comprehensive review and recent advances in management. American Journal of Blood Research, 11(1), 1–21. Retrieved July 21, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8010610/pdf/ajbr0011-0001.pdf

⁴ Padron, E., et al. (2013, June 20). GM-CSF–dependent PSTAT5 sensitivity is a feature with therapeutic potential in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood, 121(25), 5068–5077. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-10-460170

⁵ Emanuel, P. D., et al. (1991, March 1). Selective hypersensitivity to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia hematopoietic progenitors. Blood, 77(5), 925–929. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.5.925.925

Recent Developments

In July 2022, we announced a strategic realignment of our pipeline and resources. We plan to accelerate the development of LENZ in CMML, a rare blood cancer, for which the PREACH-M study is already underway, and to continue our plans for the RATinG study in aGvHD that occurs in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant, which is expected to enroll its first patient in the third quarter of 2022. These studies are majority funded by our partners. In addition, we are currently assessing requests for IIT of lenzilumab in combination with CAR-T therapies; the previously planned SHIELD study of lenzilumab with certain CAR-T therapies has been terminated. We also plan to continue the development of iFab, an EpAh-3 targeted monoclonal antibody currently in Phase 1 development, as part of an antibody drug conjugate (“ADC”), for certain solid tumors.

Key elements of the strategic realignment plan include:

In July 2022, preliminary topline results from the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines-5 (“ACTIV-5”) and Big Effect Trial, in the “B” arm of the trial (“BET-B”), referred to as the ACTIV-5/BET-B trial, were released. The study was sponsored and funded by the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) and evaluated lenzilumab in combination with remdesivir, compared to placebo and remdesivir, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Based on preliminary topline results, the trial did not achieve statistical significance on the primary endpoint, although did indicate that lenzilumab demonstrated a positive trend in mortality. We continue to support NIH’s further analysis of the data and lenzilumab has interest from a global group of leading institutions and research networks to include lenzilumab in their large-scale, multinational studies of COVID-19. Tocilizumab and baricitinib demonstrated mortality benefit following inclusion in such studies having failed to do so in smaller studies. With the recent preliminary topline results from the ACTIV-5/BET-B trial, we are reconsidering our regulatory strategy. Under the realignment plan, we will deemphasize the deployment of certain resources for the development of lenzilumab for COVID-19 and currently do not plan to file for Emergency Use Authorization (“EUA”) in the United States in 2022. We had previously planned to respond to the rolling review written questions received last year from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) following receipt of the results from the ACTIV-5/BET-B trial but do not plan to respond to these written questions in 2022. We no longer intend to submit a Conditional Marketing Authorization (“CMA”) for lenzilumab with an Accelerated Approval request to European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) in 2022. The Named Patient program in select European Countries will be terminated. With the exception of lenzilumab batches in process, we plan to stop the manufacturing of lenzilumab. We plan to consolidate the remaining inventory of lenzilumab bulk drug substance and drug product in a central location for potential future use.

In July 2022, we paid $25.0 million of outstanding principal, together with approximately $1.7 million of accrued interest, fees and other amounts, due under the Term Loan with Hercules. In connection with the prepayment, the Term Loan with Hercules was terminated, and all obligations, liens and security interests under the Term Loan were released, discharged and satisfied. See Notes 5 and 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on the Term Loan. 

As of the end of July 2022, the C-SMART study in cancer patients with COVID-19 will not be taking on any new patients in all arms of the trial and is being brought to a conclusion, due to changes in COVID-19 treatment in Australia. As no patients have been entered into the lenzilumab arm, due to low numbers of cancer patients being hospitalized with COVID-19 and associated logistics issues, we aim to utilize the investigational product as part of a larger Victorian Government-funded trial.

In May 2022, our partners in South Korea dosed the final healthy volunteer of the 20 required for their Phase 1 bridging study. This study is being conducted to explore the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (“PK”) properties of lenzilumab and compare it between Koreans and Caucasians. With the trial now fully enrolled, we anticipate the results will be available in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Our Pipeline

Our product candidates are in the clinical stage of development and require substantial time, resources, research and development, and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. Our current pipeline is depicted below:

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., or GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Our management believes judgment is involved in determining revenue recognition, the fair value-based measurement of stock-based compensation, and accruals. Our management evaluates estimates and assumptions as facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions, and those differences could be material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. If our assumptions change, we may need to revise our estimates, or take other corrective actions, either of which may also have a material adverse effect on our statements of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

There were no significant and material changes in our critical accounting policies and use of estimates during the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022, as compared to those disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates” in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022.

Results of Operations

At March 31,June 30, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $632.4 million, primarily as a result of research and development and general and administrative expenses.$662.5 million. Since inception, we have recognized a nominal amount of revenue from payments for license or collaboration fees. While we may in the future generate additional revenue from a variety of sources, including license fees, milestone payments, and research and development payments in connection with strategic partnerships, ourOur product candidates may never be successfully developed or commercialized and we may therefore never realize revenue from any product sales. Accordingly, we expect to continue to incur substantial losses from operations for the foreseeable future, and there can be no assurance that we will ever generate significant revenue or profits. Our ability to continue as a going concern depends on our ability to attain a significant amount of additional financing, as more fully described below under “—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part II below.

Comparison of Three and Six Months Ended March 31,June 30, 2022 and 2021

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the periods indicated (amounts in thousands, except percentages):

Revenue

Revenue in the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2022 and 2021, represents license revenue under the license agreement (the “South Korea Agreement”) with KPM Tech Co., Ltd. (“KPM”) and its affiliate, Telcon RF Pharmaceutical, Inc. (together with KPM, the “Licensee”) described in more detail in Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. License revenue was $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, as compared to $0.5and $2.1 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021.June 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to $1.0 million and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.

Research and Development Expenses

Conducting research and development is central to our business model. We expense both internal and external research and development costs as incurred. We track external research and development costs incurred by project for each of our clinical programs. Our external research and development costs consist primarily of:

Other research and development costs consist primarily of internal research and development costs such as salaries and related fringe benefit costs for our employees, stock-based compensation charges, and travel costs not allocated to one of our clinical programs. Internal research and development costs generally benefit multiple projects and are not separately tracked per project.

The following table shows our total research and development expenses for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2022 and 2021:

Research and development expenses decreased by $42.7$36.6 million from $59.9$63.0 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 to $17.2$26.4 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2022 and decreased by $79.2 million from $122.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 to $43.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in the three months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to June 30, 2021 is primarily due to a $35.7$34.6 million decrease in lenzilumab manufacturing costs, andwhile the decrease in the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021 is primarily due to a $4.3$70.3 million decrease in lenzilumab manufacturing costs, a $5.4 million decrease in clinical trial expenses as the LIVE-AIR study has been completed and the first patient has not yet been dosed in the CAR-T trial.trial and a $1.0 million decrease in consulting expenses.

We expect our research and development costs will continue to decrease in 2022 as compared to 2021. We have sought to mitigate our financial commitments while continuing to positionby ceasing additional manufacturing of lenzilumab, for a future authorization or approvalcertain operational activities, and reducing staff and consultants in the U.S., UK and EU.connection with our realignment plan. Our earlier mitigation efforts included the amendment or in some cases cancelation of certain of our agreements with CMOs for future manufacturing work, some of which were contingent on an EUA, in an effort to reduce our future spending. We incurred cancellation fees for several of these modifications. We also have disputed several invoices for cancellation fees and for production batches for lenzilumab that had been submitted by CMOs that failed to produce lenzilumab within our stated release specifications, but our mitigation efforts may not be successful to recoup any such loss of lenzilumab bulk drug substance (“BDS”) or drug product (“DP”). See Notes 6, 10 and 1011 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on these disputes. In the event of authorization by FDA, MHRA, or EMA, we anticipate that the demand for commercial product could exceed the in-process and planned production of lenzilumab through 2022. We intend to seek additional manufacturing capacity if authorization is obtained. We expect to use a portion of the revenues generated from commercial sale of lenzilumab following receipt of a regulatory authorization to support our efforts to expand production capacity in 2023 and beyond.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist principally of personnel-related costs (including stock-based compensation), professional fees for legal and patent expenses, insurance, consulting, audit, investor relations costs, and other general operating expenses not otherwise included in research and development.

General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.6$4.2 million from $4.9$8.1 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 to $4.3$3.9 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2022 and decreased by $4.7 million from $13.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 to $8.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2022, is primarily due to decreases of $1.2$2.9 million in consulting expenses, $0.5 million in compensation-related expenses, $0.4 million in investor and public relations expenses and $0.2 million in professional fees, while the decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2022, is primarily due to decreases of $4.2 million in consulting expenses and $0.4$0.8 million in investor and public relations expenses partially offset by a $0.9$0.4 million increase in compensation related expenses, primarily non-cash stock-based compensation expense. We expect that our overall general and administrative costs to continue tomay decrease in the near-term until such time as authorization is received in the U.S., UK, or EU.due to our realignment plan designed to significantly reduce our go-forward, cash-based general and administrative expenses.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for both periods is primarily related to the Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules Capital as agent for its affiliates serving as lenders thereunder (the “Term Loan”). Interest expense increased $0.7was $0.8 million from $19 thousandand $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31,June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, while interest expense increased to $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as we drew the initial $25.0 million under the Term Loan on March 29, 2021. After giving effect to payment of fees and expenses associated with the draw, we received net proceeds of approximately $24.4 million.

In July 2022, we paid $26.7 million in full settlement of the Term Loan with Hercules. See NoteNotes 5 and 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on the Term Loan.

Other Expense

Other expense decreased by $1.1 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022, primarily due to litigation settlement costs incurred in the prior year period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through proceeds from the public offerings of our common stock, private placements of our common and preferred stock, debt financings, interest income earned on cash, and cash equivalents, and marketable securities, and borrowings against lines of credit, and with the proceeds under the South Korea Agreement. At March 31,June 30, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $68.9 million. $47.0 million. In the first quarterhalf of 2022, we sold an aggregate of 5,926,7487,215,309 shares of our common stock under the Controlled Equity Offering^SM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”), raising net proceeds of approximately $18.4$21.8 million.

Primary Sources of and Uses of Cash

The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for each of the periods presented below:

Net cash used in operating activities was $19.4$44.8 million and $35.8$103.8 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Cash used in operating activities of $19.4$44.8 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022, primarily related to our net loss of $21.3$51.4 million, adjusted for non-cash items, such as $1.5$3.2 million in stock-based compensation, and a net increasechange in operating assets and liabilities of $0.1 million.$3.1 million, including a $12.0 million increase in accounts payable and a $5.5 million decrease in accrued expenses.

Cash used in operating activities of $35.8$103.8 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021, primarily related to our net loss of $65.6$136.4 million, adjusted for non-cash items, such as $0.5$2.4 million in stock-based compensation, and a net increasechange in operating assets and liabilities of $29.2 million.$30.0 million, including a $21.9 million increase in accounts payable and a $5.8 million increase in accrued expenses.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $18.4$21.8 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022 and consists of $18.4 million receivednet proceeds from the issuance of common stock in connection with the Sales Agreement with Cantor.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $61.0$156.6 million for the threesix months ended March 31,June 30, 2021 and consists primarily of net proceeds of approximately $94.2 million related to the sale of 5,427,017 shares of our common stock in connection with an underwritten public offering, $36.1 million received from the issuance of common stock in connection with the Sales Agreement with Cantor, $24.4 million in net proceeds received from the Term Loan, and $0.4$1.9 million received from the exercise of stock options.

Recent Financings

Controlled Equity Offering

On December 31, 2020, the Companywe entered into the Sales Agreement with Cantor, under which the Companywe could issue and sell shares of the Company’sour common stock, having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $100 million through Cantor, as sales agent. ForOn April 14, 2022, we filed a prospectus in respect of the Sales Agreement which provides us with the ability to offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million. As mentioned above, for the first three monthshalf of 2022, we issued and sold 5,926,7487,215,309 shares of our common stock under the Sales Agreement, raising net proceeds of $18.4$21.8 million, and for the first three monthshalf of 2021, we issued and sold 1,796,858 shares of our common stock under the Sales Agreement, raising net proceeds of $36.1 million.

On April 14, Subsequent to June 30, 2022 and through August 10, 2022, as disclosed in Note 11 below, the Company filed a prospectus in respectissued and sold 33,628,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement which provides the Company withand received net proceeds of approximately $15.9 million, after deducting fees and expenses. As of August 10, 2022, we had the ability to offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million.

Subsequent to March 31, 2022 and through the date of this filing, the Company issued and sold 679,328 shares of common stock$68.4 million under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $2.0 million. As of the date of this filing, the Company has theAgreement. The ability to offercontinue to utilize the Sales Agreement at terms acceptable to us and sell sharesin sufficient quantities relies on future market conditions that are uncertain and cannot be relied upon. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $86.3 million under the prospectus supplement dated August 13, 2021 and prospectus dated April 14, 2022.Part II below.

2021 Underwritten Public Offering

On March 30, 2021, we entered into an underwriting agreement with Jefferies LLC, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Cantor, as representatives of the several underwriters, in connection with the public offering of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock. In addition, we granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase an additional 750,000 shares of our common stock. The initial offering closed on April 5, 2021. On May 3, 2021, we closed on the sale of an additional 427,017 shares of our common stock related to the exercise of the underwriters’ 30-day option. The aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of the 5,427,017 shares in the offering, inclusive of the additional shares purchased by the underwriters, were approximately $100.4 million. The net proceeds from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering costs, were approximately $94.2 million.

Term Loan with Hercules

On March 10, 2021, we entered into the Term Loan with Hercules which provided us with the ability to draw an initial amount of $25.0 million, which we drew on March 29, 2021. In July 2022, we paid $26.7 million in full settlement of the Term Loan with Hercules. See NoteNotes 5 and 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on the Term Loan.

Liquidity and Manufacturing Commitments

We continue to advance our efforts in support of the development of lenzilumab as a therapy for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. As of March 31,June 30, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $68.9 million. On September 8, 2021, FDA declined to authorize our EUA for lenzilumab. As more$47.0 million and paid $26.7 million in full settlement of the Term Loan with Hercules in July 2022, fully described in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 1, 2022 under “Item 1. Business—Manufacturingextinguishing and Raw Materials”, we have entered into agreements with several CMOs to provide manufacturing, fill/finish and packaging services for lenzilumab. While we remain committed to our ongoing efforts seeking authorization or approval for commercial use of lenzilumab to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patientsterminating the Term Loan in the U.S., UK, EU and other territories, we have amended, and in some cases canceled, certain of these agreements, some of which were contingent on EUA, in an effort to reduce our future spending on lenzilumab production until and if authorization is received in the U.S., UK, or EU (See Notes 6 and 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). The actions reduced our manufacturing costs beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021 and will limit future production of lenzilumab because we have not yet entered into any reservation agreements for production in 2023 and beyond.

process. Considering our current cash resources and our current and expected levels of operating expenses for the next twelve months, which includes our combined accounts payable and accrued expenses as of March 31,June 30, 2022 of $67.1$71.1 million, and our non-manufacturing commitments of $0.3 million and manufacturing commitments of $42.6$36.5 million for the remaining ninesix months of 2022, $11.8$7.6 million for 2023, and $4.6$6.6 million thereafter related to our manufacturing agreements, as further described below (see “–Contracts”), we expect to needrequire additional capital to fund our planned operations and capital requirements. Certain of these commitments and amounts accrued at March 31,June 30, 2022 are in dispute and wedispute. We intend to seek to defer these and other payments, negotiate lower amounts or seek other courses of action, which may include legal recourse for the amounts in question. If marketing authorization or approval for lenzilumab were granted, we would expect to be able to satisfy certain of the cash requirements associated with our future manufacturing commitments from revenues from the commercial sale of lenzilumab. We maywill seek to raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings, including under the Sales Agreement with Cantor, grant financing, and support from governmental agencies, convertible and other debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, and marketing, supply, distribution, or licensing arrangements. Subsequent to March 31,June 30, 2022 and through the date of this filing,August 10, 2022, as disclosed in Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, wethe Company issued and sold 679,32833,628,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement and raisedreceived net proceeds of approximately $2.0$15.9 million, after deducting fees and expenses.

Other significant contractual cash requirements as of March 31, 2022 include payments for principal and interest on the Term Loan. Our current and long-term obligations related to the Term Loan are outlined in Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

While we believe our plans to raise additional funds will alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, these plans are not entirely within our control and cannot be assessed as being probable of occurring at this time. Additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay or reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our research or development programs, our commercialization efforts or our manufacturing commitments and capacity. In addition, if we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances, or marketing, supply, distribution, or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish rights to our technologies, future revenue streams or product candidates or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us.

We expect While we believe our strategic realignment plan and our plans to raise additional funds will alleviate the conditions that the results of the ACTIV-5/BET-B trial will be important to potential investors in evaluating an investment inraise substantial doubt about our company. Our ability to raise capital on favorable terms in the near future is linked to the successcontinue as a going concern, these plans are not entirely within our control and cannot be assessed as being probable of that trial, which we cannot assure. Unfavorable results likely would have a material and adverse impact on our stock price and ability to obtain future financing.

occurring at this time. If we are unsuccessful in our efforts to raise additional capital, based on our current and expected levels of operating expenses our current capital will not be sufficient to fund our operations for the next twelve months. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Contracts

Eversana Agreement

On January 10, 2021, we announced that we had entered into a master services agreement (the “Eversana Agreement”) with Eversana Life Science Services, LLC (“Eversana”) pursuant to which Eversana will provide us with services in connection with the potential launch of lenzilumab.

On September 21, 2021, we notified Eversana that due to the EUA status in the U.S., we were terminating the initial statement of work related to commercialization support of lenzilumab for the treatment of COVID-19 in the United States. Eversana is disputing the termination notice and has requested payment of approximately $4.0 million it has asserted we owe for services rendered from April 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021. We have disputed this assertion and are workingEversana has filed for arbitration to resolve this dispute. See Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Manufacturing Agreements

We have entered into agreements with several CMOs to manufacture bulk drug substance (“BDS”)BDS and fill/finish/drug product (“DP”)finish DP for our lenzilumab clinical trial activities in COVID-19 as well as to manufacture BDS and DP for a potential launch of lenzilumab in anticipation of an EUA or CMA.CMA, should one have been obtained in that indication. We have also entered into agreements for packaging of the drug. These agreements represent large commitments, includingprovided for upfront amounts prior to commencement of manufacturing and progress payments through the course of the manufacturing process and include payments for technology transfer. Certain of these CMOs have beenwere unsuccessful in their efforts to manufacture some batches of lenzilumab to our specifications for various reasons. WeAs of July 22, 2022, there are workingapproximately 11,500 lenzilumab treatments in production. Approximately 65,800 lenzilumab treatments are being stored and 9,000 treatments are being sent for destruction as a result of expiry of drug substance (an intermediate step to final drug product). Current shelf life of drug product is 36 months and bulk drug substance is 12 months. One of our CMOs, Catalent Pharma Solutions, LLC (“Catalent”), has notified us that we are in breach of contract and has issued a demand for payment for outstanding amounts owed. Catalent has demanded payment of the past due balance of $12.8 million by August 8, 2022 to cure this breach and has threatened to cancel the manufacturing agreement if payment is not made. See Notes 10 and 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information. Unless we comply with one of these CMOs to determine if batches of BDS manufactured by themCatalent’s demands, it is unlikely that we will be usableable to utilize treatments in the future or, if not, whether other financial recompense will be offered to us. As of April 30, 2022, we believe approximately 83,900 lenzilumabproduction and treatments would be available for sale under an EUA. Of these, approximately 26,000 are expected to be available for immediate sale in the U.S. or UK upon authorization.which production has been completed. Another 41,00033,000 treatments are in production at one of our CMOs, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (“Thermo”), for which material has not yet been released by us, and which may require reprocessing prior to release. We have disputed the amounts owed to Thermo as a result of Thermo’s failure to produce usable material within stated release specifications. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information. At this time, it is not possible to predict ifunlikely that these 41,00033,000 treatments would be released and availableby us. Inventory of treatments produced at our CMOs for salewhich the process has not been validated or released will likely be destroyed in the future if authorization or approval for lenzilumab were to be attained.no potential commercial use is found.

Please see our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021,Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors—“Risks Related to Our Efforts to Develop Lenzilumab for COVID-19— Manufacturing efforts relating to our lenzilumab program in COVID-19 have been extremely costly and inefficient in producing treatments for use in our clinical development program or potential sale.”

License Agreements

We are obligated to make future payments to third parties under in-license agreements, including sublicense fees, royalties, and payments that become due and payable on the achievement of certain development and commercialization milestones.

We record upfront and milestone payments made to third parties under licensing arrangements as an expense. Upfront payments are recorded when incurred and milestone payments are recorded when the specific milestone has been achieved.

Outlicensing Agreements

The South Korea Agreement

On November 3, 2020, we entered into a License Agreement (the “South Korea Agreement”) with KPM and Telcon (together, the “Licensee”). Pursuant to the South Korea Agreement, among other things, we granted the Licensee a license under certain patents and other intellectual property to develop and commercialize our lead product candidate, lenzilumab (the “Product”), for treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, in South Korea and the Philippines (the “Territory”), subject to certain reservations and limitations. The Licensee will be responsible for gaining regulatory approval for, and subsequent commercialization of, lenzilumab in those territories.

As consideration for the license, the Licensee has agreed to pay us (i) an up-front license fee of $6.0 million (or $4.5 million net of withholding taxes and other fees and royalties), payable promptly following the execution of the License Agreement, which was received in the fourth quarter of 2020, (ii) up to an aggregate of $14.0 million in two payments based on our achievement of two specified milestones in the U.S., of which the first milestone was met in the first quarter of 2021 and $6.0 million (or $4.5 million net of withholding taxes and other fees and royalties) was received in the second quarter of 2021,and (iii) subsequent to the receipt by the Licensee of the requisite regulatory approvals, double-digit royalties on the net sales of lenzilumab in South Korea and the Philippines. The Licensee has agreed to certain development and commercial performance obligations. It is expected that we will supply lenzilumab to the Licensee for a minimum of 7.5 years at a cost-plus basis from an existing or future manufacturer. The Licensee has agreed to certain minimum purchases of lenzilumab on an annual basis.

Indemnification

In the normal course of business, we enter into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnifications. Our exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against us in the future but have not yet been made. To date, we have not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to our indemnification obligations. However, we may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.

Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly because our investments, including cash equivalents, are in the form, or may be in the form of, money market funds or marketable securities and are or may be invested in U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency obligations. Due to the short-term maturities and low risk profiles of our investments, an immediate 100 basis point change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair market value of our investments.

We are not materially exposed to market risk related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a–15(e) and 15d-15(e)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Please see Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a summary of legal proceedings and developments during the quartersix months ended March 31,June 30, 2022.

FDA declinedOur operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in our initial requestAnnual Report on Form 10-K for emergency use authorization for lenzilumab as a therapy for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. MHRA raised certain questions in its reviewthe year ended December 31, 2021, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the trading price of our applicationcommon stock. Other than the updated risk factors below, there have been no material changes in our risk factors as previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for marketing authorization to which we are drafting responses. We are continuing to pursuethe year ended December 31, 2021. You should review these risk factors, together, for a more complete understanding of the risks associated with an authorization or approval for lenzilumab’s useinvestment in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the U.S., UK and EU, but may not obtain one.our securities.

We completedPreliminary topline results from the ACTIV-5/BET-B trial did not achieve statistical significance on the primary endpoint. As a Phase 3 potentially registrationalresult, we have recently announced a strategic realignment of our pipeline and resources. Our forward-looking business operations are dependent on our ability to successfully execute our strategic realignment plan, raise additional capital and manage our liabilities in a way that permits us to continue as a going concern.

As previously disclosed, preliminary topline results from the ACTIV-5/BET-B trial withdid not achieve statistical significance on the primary endpoint. As a result, we will deemphasize the deployment of certain resources for the development of lenzilumab for COVID-19, as described in Part I, Item 2— Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

In July 2022, we announced a strategic realignment of our pipeline and resources. Key elements of our strategic realignment plan are further described in Part I, Item 2— Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Among other things, we plan to accelerate the development of lenzilumab in newly hospitalized COVID-19CMML, a rare blood cancer, for which the PREACH-M study is already underway, and to continue our plans for the RATinG study in aGvHD that occurs in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant, which is expected to enroll its first patient in the third quarter of 2022. We also intend to significantly reduce our go-forward, cash-based research and announced positive topline data from the study knowndevelopment and general and administrative expenses.

Our forward-looking business operations are dependent on our ability to raise additional capital and manage our liabilities (whether acknowledged or disputed) to certain contract manufacturing and other partners in such a way as “LIVE-AIR” in March 2021. On September 8, 2021, FDA informedto permit us that it had declined to issue an EUA for lenzilumab in this indication. FDA has advised us that they will review an amended EUA submission with further data. MHRA raised certain questions in its review ofexecute our application for marketing authorization to whichstrategic realignment plan. If we are drafting responses. A further stepunsuccessful in accomplishing these objectives, we may not be able to continue our operations as a going concern.

Our development programs in CMML and aGvHD are several years from potential commercialization. We do not anticipate any cash flow from revenues in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, we need to obtain additional financing to fund our operations and, if we are unable to obtain such financing, we may be unable to continue to operate as a going concern.

As previously reported, during 2021 and through July 2022, we incurred significant costs associated with our development program for lenzilumab in COVID-19 isCOVID-19. Given that the release ofpreliminary topline results from the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines-5 (“ACTIV-5”) and Big Effect Trial,ACTIV-5/BET-B trial showed that lenzilumab did not achieve statistical significance in respect of the “B” armprimary endpoint of the trial, (“BET-B”), referredand with the information currently available, we no longer expect to be positioned to receive an EUA or other regulatory approval for, or to commercialize or receive revenues from, lenzilumab for COVID-19 in the foreseeable future.

As of June 30, 2022, our liabilities exceeded our cash and cash equivalents by $52.5 million. Not included in total liabilities as of June 30, 2022 is $51.0 million in remaining commitments, and amounts owed to manufacturing and other partners, some of which are currently in dispute, as further described in Part I, Item 2— Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. In July 2022, we repaid the amounts owed to Hercules under the Term Loan, which reduced both our total liabilities and cash and cash equivalents by $27.1 million.

We need to obtain additional financing to execute our strategic realignment plan and continue as a going concern. Subsequent to June 30, 2022 and through August 10, 2022, we raised approximately $15.9 million in net proceeds through sales under the Sales Agreement with Cantor, and we expect to continue to sell shares under this agreement. The ability to continue to utilize the Sales Agreement at terms acceptable to us and in sufficient quantities relies on future market conditions that are uncertain and cannot be relied upon. With our development pipeline in the early stages, we intend to attempt to finance future cash needs through the Sales Agreement or other public or private equity offerings, license agreements, grant financing, convertible debt, other debt financings, collaborations, or strategic alliances or licensing arrangements. Additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Our ability to raise capital on favorable terms in the near future has been adversely impacted by the results from the ACTIV-5/BET-B trial, which is sponsored and funded by the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”). A subgroup analysis of the LIVE-AIR study suggested that patients under the age of 85 and with a baseline CRP below 150 mg/L (the “CRP subgroup”) appeared to derive the greatest benefit from lenzilumab. As a result, NIH amended the ACTIV-5/BET-B study protocol to include baseline CRP below 150 mg/L as the primary analysis population and submitted the amendment to FDA. The ACTIV-5/BET-B study has completed enrollment. Analysis of data by the NIH can begin once the database lock has occurred. The NIH controls the data analysis and we may be unable to influence the timeline for completion. It is possible, but not assured, that the results from the ACTIV-5/BET-B trial may support the preparation of an amended submission for an EUA, as well as our response to MHRA. If the results from ACTIV-5/BET-B are not positive, we may consider utilizing data from other on-going COVID-19 studies, conduct a further and new clinical trial, seek a partner to develop lenzilumab in this indication or abandon this development program altogether. Unfavorable results likely would havehad a material and adverse impact on our stock priceprice.

We also intend to attempt to defer payments, negotiate lower amounts or seek resolution or other courses of action for certain commitments and abilityamounts owed to obtainmanufacturing and other partners at June 30, 2022, as further described in Part I, Item 2— Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. In order to remain a going concern and execute our strategic realignment plan, we must successfully renegotiate these amounts owed and remaining commitments, and settle disputes, including current and potential future financing neededarbitration and litigation. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in reducing or deferring amounts owed or that we can remain a going concern long enough to realize the clinical milestones envisioned under the strategic realignment plan which may in turn allow us to raise additional capital.

Our current capital resources are not sufficient to fund our operations for the next twelve months, making it critical for us to raise additional funds. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Even if ACTIV-5/BET-B results confirm our findings fromThe consolidated financial statements for the CRP subgroup fromthree and six months ended June 30, 2022 were prepared on the LIVE-AIR study and we prepare an amended EUA submission and respond to MHRA, the regulatory agencies may not find the results compelling. Furthermore, even if the results are deemed compelling, we may be required to obtain and submit additional information related to the Chemistry Manufacturing and Control (“CMC”) aspectsbasis of lenzilumab production before we attain EUA, CMA or any other authorization or approval. We are in the process of obtaining additional CMC information but there is no assurancea going concern, which contemplates that we will generate sufficient informationbe able to satisfy regulatory requirements.realize our assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern.

More broadly,In addition, the presence of the explanatory paragraph about our ability to continue as a going concern in our financial statements could also make it more difficult to raise the contextcapital necessary to address our current needs.

Our forward-looking business operations will depend on the success of EUA, CMAlenzilumab as a therapy for CMML, aGvHD and other non-COVID-19 related indications, and our other product candidates. We cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize, any of our product candidates for these or any other requestindications.

We have a limited pipeline of product candidates and we do not plan to conduct active research at this time for a conditional marketing authorizationdiscovery of new molecules or approval, there is no requirementantibodies. Since our announcement in July 2022 that FDA or any regulatory body reach a favorable conclusion aboutpreliminary topline results from the ACTIV-5/BET-B trial did not achieve statistical significance on the primary endpoint, our submissions. A myriad of factors, including the regulator’s assessment of the urgency of the need for a therapeutic such as lenzilumab; the efficacyprimary focus has shifted to investing our time and financial resources on executing our strategic realignment plan, which contemplates investigator-initiated studies of lenzilumab as the pandemic evolves;a therapy for CMML and other factors such asnon-COVID-19 related indications, including aGvHD and CAR-T therapy, and our limited work around iFab. This recent realignment of our pipeline may make it more difficult for investors to be able to evaluate our business and prospects.

As further described in Part I, Item 2— Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, primary elements of our strategic realignment plan include accelerating the development of lenzilumab in CMML, a rare blood cancer, for which the PREACH-M study is already underway, and to continue our plans for the RATinG study in aGvHD that occurs in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant. We also intend to assess and support further clinical assessment of lenzilumab for prevention of CAR-T therapy related toxicities through an investigator-initiated trial. We will need to successfully enroll and complete clinical trials of lenzilumab for CMML, aGvHD, CAR-T therapy and other non-COVID-19 related indications, and of ifabotuzumab, and potentially obtain regulatory approval to market these products. With respect to the ongoing PREACH-M study of lenzilumab for the treatment of high-risk CMML, there can be no assurance that additional patients will be enrolled in the PREACH-M study, that the interim results will be favorable or that regulatory authorities will agree that a modified trial design will be sufficient for registration and approval.

The future clinical, regulatory and commercial success of our realigned strategic plan for lenzilumab is subject to a number of risks, including the following:

We cannot assure you that our product candidates will be successfully developed or commercialized. If we or any future development partners are unable to develop, or obtain regulatory approval for or, if approved, successfully commercialize one or more efficacious therapies, may influence a regulator’s decision on any submissionsof our product candidates, we may make.not be able to generate sufficient revenue to continue our business.