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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 __________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
 __________________________________ 
(Mark One)
xQuarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017
OR
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019
or
o
Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
for the transition period from ______ to ______
for the transition period from ______ to ______
Commission file number 001-36113
COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
  

Maryland 20-0068852
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
1170 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 600, Atlanta, Georgia 30309
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(404) 465-2200
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
One Glenlake Parkway, Suite 1200
Atlanta, GA 30328
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolsName of each exchange on which registered
Common StockCXPNYSE
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(404) 465-2200
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes  x    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes  x  No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one).
Large accelerated filer
x 
Accelerated filero
Non-accelerated filer
o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting companyo
  Emerging Growth Companyo
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes  o    No  x

Number of shares outstanding of the registrant's
only class of common stock, as of October 23, 2017: 119,803,608April 22, 2019: 116,879,665 shares
     


Table of Contents


FORM 10-Q
COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Page No.
   
Item 1.
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
Item 2.
   
Item 3.
   
Item 4.
 
   
Item 1.
   
Item 1A.
   
Item 2.
   
Item 3.
   
Item 4.
   
Item 5.
   
Item 6.



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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Reportquarterly report on Form 10-Q of Columbia Property Trust, Inc. ("Columbia Property Trust," "the Company," "we," "our," or "us"), other than historical facts may be considered forward-looking statementsconstitute "forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We intend1934). Columbia Property Trust intends for all such forward-looking statements presented in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q ("Form 10-Q"), or that management may make orally or in writing from time to time, to be covered by the applicable safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in those acts.
Such statements in this current Form 10-Q include, in particular, statementsamong other things, information about possible or assumed future results of the business and our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans, strategies, and prospects, and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including known and unknown risks, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or anticipated. Therefore, such statements are not intended to be a guarantee of our performance in future periods.objectives. Such forward-looking statements can generally be identified by our use of forward-looking terminology such as "may," "will," "expect," "intend," "anticipate," "estimate," "believe," "continue," or other similar words. As forward-looking statements, these statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including known and unknown risks, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or anticipated. These risks, uncertainties, and other factors include, without limitation:
risks affecting the real estate industry, and the office sector in particular, (such as the inability to enter into new leases, dependence on tenants' financial condition, and competition from other owners of real estate);
risks relating to our ability to maintain and increase property occupancy rates and rental rates;
adverse economic or real estate market developments in our target markets;
risks relating to the use of debt to fund acquisitions;
availability and terms of financing;
ability to refinance indebtedness as it comes due;
sensitivity of our operations and financing arrangements to fluctuations in interest rates;
reductions in asset valuations and related impairment charges;
risks relating to construction, development, and redevelopment activities;
risks associated with joint ventures, including disagreements with, or misconduct by, joint venture partners;
risks relating to repositioning our portfolio;
risks relating to reduced demand for, or over supply of, office space in our markets;
risks relating to lease terminations, lease defaults, or changes in the financial condition of our tenants, particularly by a significant tenant;
risks relating to acquisition and disposition activities;
risks associated with our ability to continue to qualify as a real estate investment trust ("REIT");
risks associated with possible cybersecurity attacks against us or any of our tenants;
potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination;
potential adverse impact of market interest rates on the market price for our securities; and
risks associated with our dependence on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.
For further discussion of these and additional risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from expectation, see Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurances that our expectations will be achieved. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date this reportForm 10-Q is filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). We make no representations or warranties (express or implied) about the accuracy of any such forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q, and we do not intend to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements,statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Any such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors and are based on a number of assumptions involving judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive, and market conditions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately. To the extent that our assumptions differ from actual conditions, our ability to accurately anticipate results expressed in such forward-looking statements, including our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations, make distributions to stockholders, and maintain the value of our real estate properties, may be significantly hindered. See Item 1A in Columbia Property Trust's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for a discussion of some of the risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those presented in our forward-looking statements. The risk factors described in our Annual Report are not the only ones we face, but do represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also harm our business.

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PART I.FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The information furnished in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows, reflects all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in management's opinion, necessary for a fair and consistent presentation of the aforementioned financial statements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the condensed notes to Columbia Property Trust's financial statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and with audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the year ended December 31, 20162018. Columbia Property Trust's results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results expected for the full year.


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COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per-share amounts) 
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Assets:      
Real estate assets, at cost:      
Land$609,110
 $751,351
$803,986
 $817,975
Buildings and improvements, less accumulated depreciation of $377,794 and $435,457, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively1,704,630
 2,121,150
Intangible lease assets, less accumulated amortization of $89,950 and $112,777, as of
September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
164,699
 193,311
Buildings and improvements, less accumulated depreciation of $375,981 and $403,355, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively1,791,926
 1,910,041
Intangible lease assets, less accumulated amortization of $74,807 and $84,881, as of
March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
64,250
 98,540
Construction in progress49,255
 36,188
37,772
 33,800
Real estate assets held for sale, less accumulated depreciation and amortization of $180,791, as of December 31, 2016
 412,506
Real estate assets held for sale, less accumulated depreciation and amortization of $56,948 as of March 31, 2019145,346
 
Total real estate assets2,527,694
 3,514,506
2,843,280
 2,860,356
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures698,105
 127,346
Operating lease assets63,829
 
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures1,067,905
 1,071,353
Cash and cash equivalents382,730
 216,085
18,551
 17,118
Tenant receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $7 and $31, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
2,814
 7,163
Tenant receivables, net of $4 allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 20183,760
 3,258
Straight-line rent receivable80,128
 64,811
83,828
 87,159
Prepaid expenses and other assets75,802
 24,275
31,520
 23,218
Intangible lease origination costs, less accumulated amortization of $55,532 and $74,578, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively28,067
 54,279
Deferred lease costs, less accumulated amortization of $24,716 and $22,753, as of
September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
127,940
 125,799
Investment in development authority bonds120,000
 120,000
Other assets held for sale, less accumulated amortization of $34,152, as of December 31, 2016
 45,529
Intangible lease origination costs, less accumulated amortization of $60,186 and $65,348, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively31,626
 34,092
Deferred lease costs, less accumulated amortization of $22,325 and $27,735, as of
March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
58,932
 77,439
Other assets held for sale, less accumulated amortization of $13,593 as of March 31, 201920,498
 
Total assets$4,043,280
 $4,299,793
$4,223,729
 $4,173,993
Liabilities:      
Line of credit and notes payable, net of unamortized deferred financing costs of $2,611 and $3,136, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively$520,367
 $721,466
Bonds payable, net of discounts of $1,529 and $1,664 and unamortized deferred financing costs of $4,909 and $5,364, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
693,562
 692,972
Line of credit and notes payable, net of unamortized deferred financing costs of $2,544 and $2,692, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively$680,456
 $629,308
Bonds payable, net of discounts of $1,259 and $1,304 and unamortized deferred financing costs of $4,005 and $4,158, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
694,736
 694,538
Operating lease liabilities34,738
 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued capital expenditures129,802
 131,028
37,962
 49,117
Dividends payable
 36,727

 23,340
Deferred income15,756
 19,694
16,943
 15,593
Intangible lease liabilities, less accumulated amortization of $19,437 and $44,564, as of
September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
9,891
 33,375
Obligations under capital lease120,000
 120,000
Liabilities held for sale, less accumulated amortization of $1,239, as of December 31, 2016
 41,763
Intangible lease liabilities, less accumulated amortization of $22,812 and $21,766, as of
March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
19,539
 21,081
Liabilities held for sale, less accumulated amortization of $380 as of March 31, 201920,491
 
Total liabilities1,489,378
 1,797,025
1,504,865
 1,432,977
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7)
 

 
Equity:      
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 225,000,000 shares authorized, 119,803,608 and 122,184,193 shares issued and outstanding, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively1,198
 1,221
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 225,000,000 shares authorized, 116,879,665 and 116,698,033 shares issued and outstanding, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively1,169
 1,167
Additional paid-in capital4,485,368
 4,538,912
4,420,727
 4,421,587
Cumulative distributions in excess of earnings(1,931,927) (2,036,482)(1,703,945) (1,684,082)
Cumulative other comprehensive loss(737) (883)
Cumulative other comprehensive income913
 2,344
Total equity2,553,902
 2,502,768
2,718,864
 2,741,016
Total liabilities and equity$4,043,280
 $4,299,793
$4,223,729
 $4,173,993
See accompanying notes.

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COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per-share amounts)
 (Unaudited) (Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Revenues:       
Rental income$55,015
 $87,561
 $193,309
 $280,714
Tenant reimbursements3,053
 17,090
 18,609
 55,551
Hotel income
 6,270
 1,339
 17,484
Asset and property management fee income1,154
 511
 2,126
 1,655
Other property income1,140
 1,834
 1,992
 12,371
 60,362
 113,266
 217,375
 367,775
Expenses:       
Property operating costs18,567
 39,101
 64,503
 120,679
Hotel operating costs
 4,946
 2,085
 14,315
Asset and property management fee expenses188
 387
 717
 1,058
Depreciation18,501
 26,778
 60,529
 84,517
Amortization6,870
 11,895
 24,518
 42,902
General and administrative - corporate7,034
 7,467
 25,003
 25,718
General and administrative - unconsolidated joint ventures713
 
 713
 
 51,873
 90,574
 178,068
 289,189
Real estate operating income8,489
 22,692
 39,307
 78,586
Other income (expense):       
Interest expense(14,731) (17,138) (44,308) (52,415)
Interest and other income2,841
 1,839
 7,668
 5,452
Loss on early extinguishment of debt(280) (18,905) (325) (18,997)
 (12,170) (34,204) (36,965) (65,960)
Income (loss) before income taxes, unconsolidated joint ventures, and sales of real estate:(3,681) (11,512) 2,342
 12,626
Income tax benefit (expense)(3) (65) 378
 (387)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures2,853
 (1,937) (849) (5,441)
Income (loss) before sales of real estate:(831)
(13,514)
1,871

6,798
Gain on sales of real estate assets102,365
 50,412
 175,518
 50,083
Net income$101,534

$36,898

$177,389

$56,881
Per-share information – basic:
 
    
Net income$0.84
 $0.30
 $1.46
 $0.46
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic120,293
 123,215
 121,270
 123,271
Per-share information – diluted:       
Net income$0.84
 $0.30
 $1.46
 $0.46
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted120,529
 123,350
 121,458
 123,348
Dividends per share$0.20
 $0.30
 $0.60
 $0.90
 (Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2019 2018
Revenues:   
Rental income and tenant reimbursements$71,862
 $70,360
Asset and property management fee income1,869
 1,759
Other property income1,702
 1,591
 75,433
 73,710
Expenses:   
Property operating costs24,237
 23,062
Asset and property management fee expenses255
 208
Depreciation20,404
 20,835
Amortization7,461
 8,016
General and administrative – corporate8,424
 7,794
General and administrative – unconsolidated joint ventures809
 731
 61,590
 60,646
Other Income (Expense):   
Interest expense(12,095) (15,895)
Interest and other income1
 1,803
Gain on sale of unconsolidated joint venture interests
 762
Income tax expense(7) (7)
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures1,771
 1,771
 (10,330) (11,566)
Net income$3,513

$1,498
Per-Share Information – Basic:   
Net income$0.03
 $0.01
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic116,462
 119,082
Per-Share Information – Diluted:   
Net income$0.03
 $0.01
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted116,880
 119,350

See accompanying notes.

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COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)

(Unaudited) (Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162019 2018
Net income$101,534
 $36,898
 $177,389
 $56,881
$3,513
 $1,498
Market value adjustments to interest rate swap148
 1,250
 146
 (5,629)(1,431) 2,514
Comprehensive income$101,682
 $38,148
 $177,535
 $51,252
$2,082
 $4,012

See accompanying notes.



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COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
FOR THE NINETHREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017MARCH 31, 2019 AND 20162018 (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per-share amounts)

 Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Cumulative
Distributions
in Excess of
Earnings
 
Cumulative
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
Equity
 Shares Amount    
Balance, December 31, 2016122,184
 $1,221
 $4,538,912
 $(2,036,482) $(883) $2,502,768
Repurchases of common stock(2,682) (26) (57,602) 
 
 (57,628)
Common stock issued to employees and directors, and amortized (net of income tax withholdings)302
 3
 4,058
 
 
 4,061
Distributions to common stockholders ($0.60 per share)
 
 
 (72,834) 
 (72,834)
Net income
 
 
 177,389
 
 177,389
Market value adjustment to interest rate swap
 
 
 
 146
 146
Balance, September 30, 2017119,804
 $1,198
 $4,485,368
 $(1,931,927) $(737) $2,553,902
 Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Cumulative
Distributions
in Excess of
Earnings
 
Cumulative
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
Equity
 Shares Amount    
Balance, December 31, 2018116,698
 $1,167
 $4,421,587
 $(1,684,082) $2,344
 $2,741,016
Common stock issued to employees and directors, and amortized (net of income tax withholdings)182
 2
 (860) 
 
 (858)
Distributions to common stockholders ($0.20 per share)

 

 
 (23,376) 
 (23,376)
Net income
 
 
 3,513
 
 3,513
Market value adjustment to interest rate swap
 
 
 
 (1,431) (1,431)
Balance, March 31, 2019116,880
 $1,169
 $4,420,727
 $(1,703,945) $913
 $2,718,864
Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Cumulative
Distributions
in Excess of
Earnings
 
Cumulative
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Total
 Equity
Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Cumulative
Distributions
in Excess of
Earnings
 
Cumulative
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Total
 Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount 
Balance, December 31, 2015124,363
 $1,243
 $4,588,303
 $(1,972,916) $(2,436) $2,614,194
Balance, December 31, 2017119,789
 $1,198
 $4,487,071
 $(1,957,236) $903
 $2,531,936
Cumulative-effect adjustment for the adoption of
ASU 2017-05

 
 
 357,755
 
 357,755
Cumulative-effect adjustment for the adoption of
ASU 2014-09

 
 
 343
 
 343
Repurchases of common stock(1,105) (11) (24,989) 
 
 (25,000)(1,295) (13) (27,273) 
 
 (27,286)
Common stock issued to employees and directors, and amortized (net of income tax withholdings)213
 2
 2,337
 
 
 2,339
108
 1
 (444) 
 
 (443)
Distributions to common stockholders ($0.90 per share)
 
 
 (111,120) 
 (111,120)
Distributions to common stockholders ($0.20 per share)
 
 
 (23,858) 
 (23,858)
Net income
 
 
 56,881
 
 56,881

 
 
 1,498
 
 1,498
Market value adjustment to interest rate swap
 
 
 
 (5,629) (5,629)
 
 
 
 2,514
 2,514
Balance, September 30, 2016123,471
 $1,234
 $4,565,651
 $(2,027,155) $(8,065) $2,531,665
Balance, March 31, 2018118,602
 $1,186
 $4,459,354
 $(1,621,498) $3,417
 $2,842,459
See accompanying notes.

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COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2017 20162019 2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:   
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:   
Net income$177,389
 $56,881
$3,513
 $1,498
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:   
Straight-line rental income(20,964) (15,470)(4,631) (9,698)
Noncash operating lease expense212
 
Depreciation60,529
 84,517
20,404
 20,835
Amortization24,115
 39,271
6,351
 7,955
Stock-based compensation expense1,539
 1,528
Noncash interest expense2,239
 2,765
640
 882
Loss on early extinguishment of debt325
 18,997
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures849
 5,441
Gain on sales of real estate assets(175,518) (50,083)
Stock-based compensation expense5,509
 3,512
Gain on sale of unconsolidated joint venture interests
 (762)
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures(1,771) (1,771)
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures6,161
 8,573
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and dispositions:      
Decrease in tenant receivables, net3,957
 4,646
Increase in tenant receivables, net(294) (829)
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets1,340
 5,776
3,563
 4,962
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses(25,488) (3,799)(2,701) (18,185)
Decrease in deferred income(7,167) (2,750)
Net cash provided by operating activities
47,115
 149,704
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:   
Net proceeds from the sales of real estate737,631
 482,089
Prepaid earnest money(52,000) 
Increase (decrease) in deferred income2,093
 (217)
Net cash provided by operating activities35,079
 14,771
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:   
Net proceeds from sale of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
 235,083
Prepaid transaction costs and earnest money(13,701) 
Capital improvement and development costs(59,022) (34,447)(19,014) (19,363)
Deferred lease costs paid(14,437) (19,713)(1,937) (4,514)
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures(123,149) (12,351)(6,528) (1,541)
Distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures1,411
 
5,672
 2,976
Net cash provided by investing activities490,434
 415,578
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:   
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(35,508) 212,641
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:   
Financing costs paid(628) (3,111)(21) (17)
Prepayments to settle debt
 (17,921)
Proceeds from lines of credit and notes payable
 435,000
74,000
 109,000
Repayments of lines of credit and notes payable(201,625) (745,070)(23,000) (247,814)
Proceeds from issuance of bonds payable
 348,691
Repayment of bonds payable
 (250,000)
Distributions paid to stockholders(109,561) (148,474)(46,716) (47,819)
Redemptions of common stock(59,090) (26,186)(2,401) (29,261)
Net cash used in financing activities(370,904) (407,071)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities1,862
 (215,911)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents166,645
 158,211
1,433
 11,501
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period216,085
 32,645
17,118
 9,567
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$382,730
 $190,856
$18,551
 $21,068
See accompanying notes.

Page 9

Table of Contents


COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2017MARCH 31, 2019
(unaudited)
1.Organization
Columbia Property Trust, Inc. ("Columbia Property Trust") (NYSE: CXP) is a Maryland corporation that operates as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for federal income tax purposes, and owns and operates commercial real estate properties. Columbia Property Trust was incorporated in 2003, commenced operations in 2004, and conducts business primarily through Columbia Property Trust Operating Partnership, L.P. ("Columbia Property Trust OP"), a Delaware limited partnership.partnership in which Columbia Property Trust is the general partner and sole owner ofowner. Columbia Property Trust OP and possesses full legal control and authority over its operations. Columbia Property Trust OP acquires, develops, redevelops, owns, leases, and operates real properties directly, through wholly owned subsidiaries, or through unconsolidated joint ventures. Unless otherwise noted herein, references to Columbia Property Trust, "we," "us," or "our" herein shall include Columbia Property Trust and all subsidiaries of Columbia Property Trust, direct and indirect.
Columbia Property Trust typically invests in high-quality, income-generating office properties. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, Columbia Property Trust owned 1618 operating properties and two properties under development or redevelopment, of which 1214 were wholly owned and foursix were owned through unconsolidated joint ventures. These properties areventures, located primarily in New York, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Atlanta, contain a totalAtlanta. As of 8.2March 31, 2019, the operating properties contained 8.9 million rentable square feet and were approximately 95.1% leased as of September 30, 2017. In October 2017, Columbia Property Trust acquired two wholly owned properties in New York and a 55.0% interest in an additional property in Washington, D.C. See Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, for additional information.97.1% leased.
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements of Columbia Property Trust have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X, and do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the statements for the unaudited interim periods presented include all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, necessary for a fair and consistent presentation of the results for such periods. Results for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of a full year's results. For additional information on ourColumbia Property Trust's unconsolidated joint ventures, which are accounted for using the equity method of accounting, see Note 4, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. Columbia Property Trust's consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Columbia Property Trust, Columbia Property Trust OP, and any variable-interest entity in which Columbia Property Trust or Columbia Property Trust OP wasis deemed the primary beneficiary. With respect to entities that are not variable interest entities, Columbia Property Trust's consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of any entity in which Columbia Property Trust, Columbia Property Trust OP, or their subsidiaries own a controlling financial interest and any limited partnership in which Columbia Property Trust, Columbia Property Trust OP, or their subsidiaries own a controlling general partnership interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in Columbia Property Trust's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162018 (the "20162018 Form 10-K").
Fair Value Measurements
Columbia Property Trust estimates the fair value of its assets and liabilities (where currently required under GAAP) consistent with the provisions of Accounting Standard Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements ("ASC 820"). Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, under current market conditions. While various techniques and assumptions can be used to estimate fair value depending on the nature of the asset or liability, the accounting standard for fair value measurements and disclosures provides the following fair value technique parameters and hierarchy, depending upon availability:
Level 1 – Assets or liabilities for which the identical term is traded on an active exchange, such as publicly traded instruments or futures contracts.
Level 2 – Assets or liabilities valued based on observable market data for similar instruments.
Level 3 – Assets or liabilities for which significant valuation assumptions are not readily observable in the market. Such assets or liabilities are valued based on the best available data, some of which may be internally developed. Significant assumptions may include risk premiums that a market participant would consider.

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Real Estate Assets
Columbia Property Trust is required to make subjective assessments as to the useful lives of its depreciable assets. To determine the appropriate useful life of an asset, Columbia Property Trust considers the period of future benefit of the asset. These assessments have a direct impact on net income. The estimated useful lives of its assets by class are as follows:
Buildings  40-4540 years
Building and site improvements  5-25 years
Tenant improvements  Shorter of economic life or lease term
Intangible lease assets  Lease term
Evaluating the RecoverabilityAs further described in Note 5, Line of Real Estate Assets
Credit and Notes Payable, Columbia Property Trust continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amounts of its real estate and related intangible assets, of both operating properties and properties under construction, may not be recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment are present that suggest that the carrying amountscapitalizes interest incurred on outstanding debt balances as well as joint venture investments, as appropriate, during development or redevelopment of real estate assetsheld directly or in unconsolidated joint ventures. During both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and related intangible assets2018, $0.9 million of interest was capitalized to construction in progress; and liabilities may not be recoverable, Columbia Property Trust assessesduring the recoverability of these assets and liabilities by determining whether the respective carrying values will be recovered through the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. In the event that such expected undiscounted future cash flows do not exceed the carrying values, Columbia Property Trust adjusts the carrying value of the real estate assets and related intangible assets and liabilitiesthree months ended March 31, 2019, $0.3 million was capitalized to the estimated fair values, pursuant to the property, plant, and equipment accounting standard for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, and recognizes an impairment loss. Estimated fair values are calculated based on the following hierarchy of information, depending upon availability: (i) recently quoted market prices, (ii) market prices for comparable properties, or (iii) the present value of future cash flows, including estimated residual value. Certain of Columbia Property Trust's assets may be carried at an amount that exceeds that which could be realizedinvestments in a current disposition transaction. Based on the assessment as described above, Columbia Property Trust has determined that the carrying values of all its real estate assets and related intangible assets are recoverable as of September 30, 2017.
Projections of expected future operating cash flows require that Columbia Property Trust estimate future market rental income amounts subsequent to the expiration of current lease agreements, property operating expenses, the number of months it takes to re-lease the property, and the number of years the property is held for investment, among other factors. Due to the inherent subjectivity of the assumptions used to project future cash flows, estimated fair values may differ from the values that would be realized in market transactions.unconsolidated joint ventures. 
Assets Held for Sale
Columbia Property Trust classifies properties as held for sale according to Accounting Standard Codification 360, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets ("ASC 360"). According to ASC 360, properties having separately identifiable operations and cash flows are considered held for sale when all of the following criteria are met:
Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the property.
The property is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such property.
An active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the property have been initiated.
The property is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value.
Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.
The sale of the property is probable (i.e., typically subject to a binding sale contract with a non-refundable deposit), and transfer of the property is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year.

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As of March 31, 2019, One & Three Glenlake Parkway met the criteria to be classified as held for sale in the accompanying balance sheet. The major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2019 are provided below (in thousands):
 March 31, 2019
Real Estate Assets Held for Sale: 
Real Estate Assets, at Cost: 
Land$13,989
Buildings and improvements, less accumulated depreciation of $46,118104,030
Intangible lease assets, less accumulated amortization of $10,830533
Construction in progress26,794
Total real estate assets held for sale, net$145,346
Other Assets Held for Sale: 
Tenant receivables$53
Straight-line rent receivable7,700
Prepaid expenses and other assets49
Intangible lease origination costs, less accumulated amortization of $7,109350
Deferred lease costs, less accumulated amortization of $6,48412,346
Total other assets held for sale, net$20,498
Liabilities Held for Sale: 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued capital expenditures$19,632
Deferred income743
Intangible lease liabilities, less accumulated amortization of $380116
Total liabilities held for sale, net$20,491
Evaluating the Recoverability of Real Estate Assets
Columbia Property Trust continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the net carrying amounts of its real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities, of both operating properties and properties under development or redevelopment, may not be recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment are present that suggest that the net carrying amounts of real estate assets and related intangible assets and liabilities may not be recoverable, Columbia Property Trust assesses the recoverability of these net assets by determining whether the respective carrying values will be recovered through the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected from the use of the net assets and their eventual disposition. In the event that such expected undiscounted future cash flows do not exceed the carrying values, Columbia Property Trust adjusts the carrying values of the real estate assets and related intangible assets and liabilities to the estimated fair values, pursuant to the property, plant, and equipment accounting standard for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, and recognizes an impairment loss. At such time that a property is determinedrequired to be classified as held for sale, its net carrying amount is adjusted to the lower of its depreciated book value or its estimated fair value, less costs to sell, and depreciation is no longer recognized;recognized.
Estimated fair values are calculated based on the following hierarchy of information: (i) recently quoted market prices, (ii) market prices for comparable properties, or (iii) the present value of future cash flows, including estimated residual value. Projections of expected future operating cash flows require that Columbia Property Trust estimate future market rental income amounts subsequent to the expiration of current lease agreements, property operating expenses, the number of months it takes to re-lease the property, and assets and liabilities are required to be classified asthe number of years the property is held for sale oninvestment, among other factors. Due to the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Asinherent subjectivity of September 30, 2017, nonethe assumptions used to project future cash flows, estimated fair values may differ from the values that would be realized in market transactions. Certain of Columbia Property Trust's properties metassets may be carried at an amount that exceeds that which could be realized in a current disposition transaction. Columbia Property Trust has determined that the criteria to be classifiedcarrying values of its real estate assets and related intangible assets are recoverable as held for sale in the accompanying balance sheet. As of DecemberMarch 31, 2016, Key Center Tower, Key Center Marriott, 5 Houston Center, Energy Center I, and 515 Post Oak were subject to binding sale contracts and met the other aforementioned criteria; thus, these properties are classified as held for sale in the accompanying2019.

Page 1112


consolidated balance sheet as of that date. The sale of 5 Houston Center, Energy Center I, and 515 Post Oak closed on January 6, 2017, and the sale of Key Center Tower and Key Center Marriott closed on January 31, 2017 (see Note 3, Real Estate Transactions).
The major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2016, are provided below (in thousands):
 December 31, 2016
Real estate assets held for sale: 
Real estate assets, at cost: 
Land$30,243
Buildings and improvements, less accumulated depreciation of $152,246366,126
Intangible lease assets, less accumulated amortization of $28,54513,365
Construction in progress2,772
Total real estate assets held for sale, net$412,506
Other assets held for sale: 
Tenant receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts$1,722
Straight-line rent receivable20,221
Prepaid expenses and other assets3,184
Intangible lease origination costs, less accumulated amortization of $22,9491,815
Deferred lease costs, less accumulated amortization of $11,20318,587
Total other assets held for sale, net$45,529
Liabilities held for sale: 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued capital expenditures$34,812
Deferred income4,214
Intangible lease liabilities, less accumulated amortization of $1,2392,737
Total liabilities held for sale, net$41,763
Intangible Assets and Liabilities Arising fromFrom In-Place Leases Where Columbia Property Trust Is the Lessor
Upon the acquisition of real properties, Columbia Property Trust allocates the purchase price of the properties to tangible assets, consisting of land, building, site improvements, and identified intangible assets and liabilities, including the value of in-place leases, based in each case on Columbia Property Trust's estimate of their fair values in accordance with ASC 820 (see Fair"Fair Value MeasurementsMeasurements" section above for additional detail). As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, Columbia Property Trust had the following intangible in-place lease assets and liabilities, arising from in-place leases, excluding amounts held for sale, if applicable (in thousands):
  Intangible Lease Assets 
Intangible
Lease
Origination
Costs
 
Intangible
Below-Market
In-Place Lease
Liabilities
 
Above-Market
In-Place
Lease Assets
 
Absorption
Period Costs
 
September 30, 2017Gross$1,588
 $112,145
 $83,599
 $29,328
 Accumulated Amortization(784) (67,035) (55,532) (19,437)
 Net$804
 $45,110
 $28,067
 $9,891
December 31, 2016Gross$10,589
 $154,582
 $128,857
 $77,939
 Accumulated Amortization(9,305) (83,254) (74,578) (44,564)
 Net$1,284
 $71,328
 $54,279
 $33,375

Page 12


  Intangible Lease Assets 
Intangible
Lease
Origination
Costs
 
Intangible
Below-Market
In-Place Lease
Liabilities
 
Above-Market
In-Place
Lease Assets
 
Absorption
Period Costs
 
March 31, 2019Gross$3,174
 $135,883
 $91,812
 $42,351
 Accumulated Amortization(1,142) (73,665) (60,186) (22,812)
 Net$2,032
 $62,218
 $31,626
 $19,539
December 31, 2018Gross$3,174
 $147,668
 $99,440
 $42,847
 Accumulated Amortization(1,060) (81,220) (65,348) (21,766)
 Net$2,114
 $66,448
 $34,092
 $21,081
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, Columbia Property Trust recognized the following amortization of intangible lease assets and liabilities (in thousands):
 Intangible Lease Assets 
Intangible
Lease
Origination
Costs
 
Intangible
Below-Market
In-Place Lease
Liabilities
Above-Market
In-Place
Lease Assets
 
Absorption
Period Costs
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2017$22
 $3,268
 $1,957
 $1,006
For the three months ended September 30, 2016$594
 $6,133
 $3,757
 $2,768
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017$471
 $12,525
 $7,786
 $5,322
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016$2,014
 $22,602
 $13,811
 $10,206
 Intangible Lease Assets 
Intangible
Lease
Origination
Costs
 
Intangible
Below-Market
In-Place Lease
Liabilities
Above-Market
In-Place
Lease Assets
 
Absorption
Period Costs
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019$82
 $3,656
 $2,100
 $1,426
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018$51
 $4,339
 $2,419
 $1,589
The net intangible assets and liabilities remaining as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 will be amortized as follows, excluding amounts held for sale, if applicable (in thousands):
 Intangible Lease Assets 
Intangible
Lease
Origination
Costs
 
Intangible
Below-Market
In-Place Lease
Liabilities
Above-Market
In-Place
Lease Assets
 
Absorption
Period Costs
 
For the remainder of 2017$22
 $2,936
 $1,875
 $898
For the years ending December 31:       
201889
 11,083
 7,315
 3,278
201989
 9,800
 7,024
 3,128
202089
 7,880
 5,979
 1,992
202189
 4,043
 2,057
 327
202289
 2,664
 1,079
 94
Thereafter337
 6,704
 2,738
 174
 $804
 $45,110
 $28,067
 $9,891
Intangible Assets and Liabilities Arising from In-Place Leases Where Columbia Property Trust Is the Lessee
Columbia Property Trust is the lessee on certain in-place ground leases. Intangible above-market and below-market in-place lease values are recorded as intangible lease liabilities and assets, respectively, and are amortized as an adjustment to property operating cost over the remaining term of the respective leases. Columbia Property Trust had gross below-market lease assets of approximately
$140.9 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and recognized amortization of these assets of approximately $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and approximately $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

As of September 30, 2017, the remaining net below-market intangible lease assets will be amortized as follows (in thousands):
For the remainder of 2017$637
Intangible Lease Assets 
Intangible
Lease
Origination
Costs
 
Intangible
Below-Market
In-Place Lease
Liabilities
Above-Market
In-Place
Lease Assets
 
Absorption
Period Costs
 
For the remainder of 2019$246
 $10,397
 $5,963
 $4,122
For the years ending December 31:        
20182,549
20192,549
20202,549
275
 12,338
 7,406
 4,597
20212,549
247
 7,490
 3,429
 1,714
20222,549
243
 5,848
 2,406
 1,374
2023243
 5,098
 2,165
 1,308
2024230
 4,756
 2,062
 1,162
Thereafter105,403
548
 16,291
 8,195
 5,262
$118,785
$2,032
 $62,218
 $31,626
 $19,539

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Interest Rate Swap Agreements
Columbia Property Trust enters into interest rate swap contracts to mitigate its interest rate risk on the related financial instruments. Columbia Property Trust does not enter into derivative or interest rate swap transactions for speculative purposes; however, certain of its derivatives may not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Columbia Property Trust records the fair value of its interest rate swaps on its consolidated balance sheet either as prepaid expenses and other assets or as accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued capital expenditures. Changes in the fair value of the effective portion of interest rate swaps that are designated as cash flow hedges are recorded as other comprehensive income, while changes in the fair value of the ineffective portion of a cash flow hedge, if any, are recognized currently in earnings. All changesincome. Changes in the fair value of interest rate swaps that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment are recorded as gain or loss on interest rate swaps. Amounts received or paid under interest rate swap agreements are recorded as interest expense for contracts that qualify for hedge accounting treatment and as gain or loss on interest rate swaps for contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The following tables provide additional information related to Columbia Property Trust's interest rate swaps (in thousands):
   Estimated Fair Value as of   Estimated Fair Value as of
Instrument Type Balance Sheet Classification September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 Balance Sheet Classification March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:        
Interest rate contracts Accounts payable $(737) $(882) Prepaid expenses and other assets $913
 $2,344
Columbia Property Trust applied the provisions of ASC 820 in recording its interest rate swaps at fair value. The fair values of the interest rate swaps, classified under Level 2, were determined using a third-party proprietary model that is based on prevailing market data for contracts with matching durations, current and anticipated London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") information, and reasonable estimates about relevant future market conditions. Columbia Property Trust has determined that the fair value, as determined by the third party, is reasonable.
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Market value adjustment to interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments and included in other comprehensive income$148
 $1,250
 $146
 $(5,629)
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2019 2018
Market value adjustment to interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments and included in other comprehensive income$(1,431) $2,514
During the periods presented, there was no hedge ineffectiveness was required to be recognized into earnings on the interest rate swaps that qualified for hedge accounting treatment.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
Prepaid expenses are recognized over the period to which the good or service relates. Other assets are written off when the asset no longer has future value, or when the company is no longer obligated for the corresponding liability. As of September 30, 2017, prepaid expenses and other assets included $52.0 million of earnest money deposits for acquisitions, of which $40.0 million was applied to the purchase prices for transactions that closed in October 2017. See Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, for additional detail.
Income Taxes
Columbia Property Trust has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") and has operated as such beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 2003. To qualify as a REIT, Columbia Property Trust must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, as defined by the Code, to its stockholders. As a REIT,To the extent that Columbia Property Trust generally is notsatisfies the distribution requirement but distributes less than 100% of its REIT taxable income, Columbia Property Trust would be subject to federal and state corporate income tax on income it distributes to stockholders.the undistributed income. Generally, Columbia Property Trust's stockholder distributions typically exceed its taxable income due to the inclusion of noncash expenses, such as depreciation, in taxable income. As a result, Columbia Property Trust typically does not incur federal income taxes, other than as described in the following paragraph.paragraph, because its stockholder distributions typically exceed its taxable income due to noncash expenses such as depreciation. Columbia Property Trust is, however, subject to certain state and local taxes related to the operations of properties in certain locations, which have been provided for in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Columbia Property Trust TRS, LLC, Columbia KCP TRS, LLC, and Columbia Energy TRS, LLC (collectively, the "TRS Entities") are wholly owned subsidiaries of Columbia Property Trust and are organized as Delaware limited-liabilitylimited liability companies. The TRS

Page 14


Entities, among other things, provide tenant services that Columbia Property Trust, as a REIT, cannot otherwise provide. Columbia Property Trust has elected to treat the TRS Entities as taxable REIT subsidiaries. Columbia Property Trust may perform certain additional, noncustomary services for tenants of its buildings through the TRS Entities; however, any earnings related to such services are subject to federal and state income taxes. In addition, for Columbia Property Trust to continue to qualify as a REIT, Columbia Property Trust must limit its investments in taxable REIT subsidiaries to 25%20% of the value of the total assets. The TRS Entities' deferred tax assets and liabilities represent temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities based on the enacted rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. If applicable, Columbia Property Trust records interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Page 14


Reclassification
Certain prior period amounts may be reclassified to conform to the current-period financial statement presentation. Within revenuesIn connection with adopting Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 842, Leases ("ASC 842"), effective January 1, 2019, rental income and tenant reimbursements have been combined into a single line on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations management fees earned from unconsolidated joint ventures have been reclassified from other property income to a dedicated line item, asset and property management fee income, for all periods presented. See Recent Accounting Pronouncements below for additional details.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities ("ASU 2017-12"). ASU 2017-12 aligns reporting requirements for hedging relationships with risk management activities and simplifies the application of hedge accounting. ASU 2017-12 eliminates the concept of recognizing periodic hedge ineffectiveness for cash flow hedges and allows for ongoing qualitative, rather than quantitative, testing of hedge effectiveness. ASU 2017-12 will be effective forEffective January 1, 2019, Columbia Property Trust on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Columbia Property Trust anticipates that the adoption of ASU 2017-12 will result in a simplified process to determine the ongoing effectiveness of its cash flow hedge with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements or other disclosures.
In February 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update 2017-05, Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Non-Financial Assets ("ASU 2017-05"), which will apply to the partial sale of non-financial assets, including real estate assets, to unconsolidated joint ventures. ASU 2017-05 will require Columbia Property Trust to measure its residual joint venture interest in the properties transferred to unconsolidated joint ventures at fair value as of the transaction date by recognizing a gain or loss on 100% of the asset transferred (i.e. to fully step-up the basis of our residual investment in the joint venture). This ASU will apply to Columbia Property Trust's partial sales of the following real estate assets: Market Square, 333 Market Street, and University Circle. We expect to implement ASU 2017-05 effective January 1, 2018 using the modified-retrospective approach by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity, and are in the process of evaluating the impact to the financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business ("ASU 2017-01"), which provides a more narrow definition of a business to be used in determining the accounting treatment of acquisitions. As a result, under the new standard, many acquisitions that previously qualified as business combinations will be treated as asset acquisitions. For asset acquisitions, unlike business combinations, transaction costs may be capitalized, and purchase price may be allocated on a relative fair-value basis. Columbia Property Trust expects the adoption of ASU 2017-01 to simplify purchase price allocations for future acquisitions. ASU 2017-01 is effective for Columbia Property Trust prospectively on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. Columbia Property Trust plans to adopt ASU 2017-01 in the fourth quarter of 2017, in connection with the acquisition of 245-249 West 17th Street and 218 West 18th Street.
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update2016-02, Leases ("ASU 2016-02"),adopted ASC 842, which amends the existing standards for lease accounting by requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and by making targeted changes to lessor accounting and reporting, includingrules with the classification of lease components and nonlease components, such as services provided to tenants. The new standard will require lesseesfollowing key changes:
Lessees are required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months, and to classify such leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee, or not. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on anusing the effective interest method (finance leases) or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease (operating leases). Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for using an approach that is similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors
Lessors are required to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalentsimilar to existing guidance as applies tothe pre-existing rules for operating leases, sales-type leases and direct financing leases, with a few targeted changes, including that: (i) lessors are no longer permitted to capitalize and amortize initial indirect costs incurred to obtain a lease, and (ii) provisions for uncollectible tenant receivables are reflected as a reduction to lease revenues, instead of as general and administrative expense.
In connection with transitioning to ASC 842, Columbia Property Trust elected to use certain practical expedients which impact the Company as follows:
Prospective implementation. In-place contracts retain their character as to whether they meet the definition of a lease or not; in-place leases retain their classification as an operating, leases. sales-type, or direct financing lease; and prior-period accounting and presentation is unchanged.
Rental income and tenant reimbursements are combined in a single line on the statements of operations for all periods presented.
Leases with a term of 12 months or less are expensed as incurred, as provided for in a practical expedient elected by Columbia Property Trust.
See Note 10, Leases, for additional information.
Accounting Standard Update 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("ASU 2016-022018-13"), which will be effective for Columbia Property Trust on January 1, 2019 and supersedes previous leasing standards. Once effective,

Page 15


2020, expands the disclosure requirements related to a change in fair value technique hierarchy. ASU 2018-13 is not expected to have a material impact on Columbia Property Trust anticipates separating lease components from nonlease components, which will be evaluated under ASU 2014-09, as described below.
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASU 2014-09"), which establishes a comprehensive model to account for revenues arising from contracts with customers. ASU 2014-09 applies to all contracts with customers, except those that are within the scope of other topics in the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification, such as real estate leases. ASU 2014-09 will require companies to perform a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. Columbia Property Trust expects that the new standard to apply primarily to fees earned from managing properties owned by its unconsolidated joint ventures. Given the structure of the asset and property management agreements currently in place with our unconsolidated joint ventures, we do not expect the ASU to materially impact the timingTrust's consolidated financial statements or amount of our revenues; however, we will be required to provide more extensive disclosures about our revenue streams and contracts with customers. ASU 2014-09 is effective for Columbia Property Trust on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted.disclosures.
3.Real Estate Transactions
Acquisitions
During 2016 and 2017,2018, Columbia Property Trust acquired the following properties and partial interests in properties:properties. Columbia Property Trust did not acquire any properties during the three months ended March 31, 2019.
Property Location Date Percent Acquired 
Purchase Price
(in thousands)(1)
1800 M Street(2)
 Washington, D.C. October 11, 2017 55.0% $231,550
245-249 West 17th Street & 218 West 18th Street(3)
 New York, NY October 11, 2017 100.0% $514,100
114 Fifth Avenue(4)
 New York, NY July 6, 2017 49.5% $108,900
Property Location Date Percent Acquired 
Purchase Price(1)
(in thousands)
2018         
799 Broadway New York, NY October 3, 2018 49.7% $30,200
(2) 
Lindbergh Center – Retail Atlanta, GA October 24, 2018 100.0% $23,000
 
(1)
Exclusive of transaction costs and price adjustments. See purchase price allocation table below for a breakout of the net purchase price for wholly owned properties.
(2)
Purchase price is for Columbia Property Trust's partial interests in the property, which is owned through an unconsolidated joint venture.
799 Broadway Joint Venture
On October 3, 2018, Columbia Property Trust formed a joint venture with Normandy Real Estate Partners ("Normandy") for the purpose of developing a 12-story, 182,000-square-foot office building at 799 Broadway in New York (the "799 Broadway Joint

Page 15


Venture"). Columbia Property Trust made an initial equity contribution of $30.2 million in the 799 Broadway Joint Venture for a 49.7% interest therein. At inception, the 799 Broadway Joint Venture acquired the property located at 799 Broadway for $145.5 million, exclusive of transaction costs and development costs, and borrowed $97.0 million under a construction loan with total capacity of $187.0 million.
Lindbergh Center – Retail
On October 24, 2018, Columbia Property Trust acquired the 147,000 square feet of ancillary retail and office space surrounding its existing property, Lindbergh Center, for a gross purchase price of $23.0 million. As of the acquisition date, Lindbergh Center – Retail was 91% leased to 14 tenants, including Pike Nurseries (18%).
Purchase Price Allocations for Consolidated Property Acquisitions
  Lindbergh Center – Retail
Location Atlanta, GA
Date acquired October 24, 2018
Purchase Price (in thousands):  
Building and improvements $17,558
Intangible lease assets 5,726
Intangible lease origination costs 794
Intangible below market lease liability (715)
Total purchase price $23,363
Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, providesa discussion of the estimated useful life for each asset class.
Pro Forma Financial Information
The following unaudited pro forma statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018, have been prepared for Columbia Property Trust to give effect to the acquisition of Lindbergh Center – Retail as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2017. Columbia Property Trust owned Lindbergh Center – Retail for the entirety of the three months ended March 31, 2019. The following unaudited pro forma financial results for Columbia Property Trust have been prepared for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of future results or of actual results that would have been achieved had this acquisition been consummated as of January 1, 2017 (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
Revenues$74,458
Net income$1,521

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Dispositions
2019 Dispositions
One & Three Glenlake Parkway
On April 15, 2019, Columbia Property Trust closed on the sale of One & Three Glenlake Parkway for a gross sale price of $227.5 million, and expects to recognize a gain related to the sale in the second quarter of 2019. As described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, One & Three Glenlake Parkway are classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2019, on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
2018 Dispositions
During 2018, Columbia Property Trust disposed of the following properties, or partial interests in properties of unconsolidated joint ventures:
Property Location Date % Sold 
Sales Price(1) 
(in thousands)
 
Gain on Sale
(in thousands)
222 East 41st Street New York, NY May 29, 2018 100.0% $332,500
 $
263 Shuman Boulevard Chicago, IL April 13, 2018 100.0% $49,000
 $24,000
University Circle &
333 Market Street Joint Ventures
 San Francisco, CA February 1, 2018 22.5% $235,300
 $800
(1) 
Exclusive of transaction costs and price adjustments.
(2)
On October 11, 2017, Columbia Property Trust entered a new joint venture partnership with Allianz Real Estate ("Allianz"), which simultaneously acquired 1800 M
222 East 41st Street a 10-story, 581,000-square-foot office building in Washington, D.C., that is 94% leased, for a total of $421.0 million (the “1800 M Street Joint Venture”). Columbia Property Trust owns a 55% interest in the 1800 M Street Joint Venture, and Allianz owns the remaining 45%. As of September 30, 2017, Columbia Property Trust had deposited $15.0 million in earnest money related to 1800 M Street, which is included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
(3)
245-249 West 17th Street is made up of two interconnected 12- and 6-story towers, totaling 281,000 square feet of office and retail space; and 218 West 18th Street is a 12-story, 166,000-square-foot office building. The buildings are located in New York, 100% leased, and unencumbered by debt. As of September 30, 2017, Columbia Property Trust had deposited $25.0 million in earnest money related to this transaction, which is included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
(4)
Columbia Property Trust acquired a 49.5% equity interest in a joint venture that owns the 114 Fifth Avenue property from Allianz (the "114 Fifth Avenue Joint Venture"). 114 Fifth Avenue is a 19-story, 352,000-square-foot building located in Manhattan’s Flatiron District that is 100% leased, and is unencumbered by debt. The 114 Fifth Avenue Joint Venture is owned by Columbia Property Trust (49.5%), Allianz (49.5%), and L&L Holding Company (1.0%). L&L Holding Company is the general partner and will continue to perform asset and property management services for the property.
149 Madison Avenue Contract
In FebruaryOn May 29, 2018, Columbia Property Trust closed on the sale of 222 East 41st Street in New York, for $332.5 million, exclusive of transaction costs. Columbia Property Trust recognized an impairment loss of $30.8 million related to this property in the second quarter of 2018, as further described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The proceeds from this transaction were used to fully repay the $180.0 million remaining balance on a bridge loan.
263 Shuman Boulevard
On April 13, 2018, Columbia Property Trust transferred 263 Shuman Boulevard to the lender, which extinguished the $49.0 million mortgage liability, accrued interest, and accrued property operating costs, and resulted in a $24.0 million gain on extinguishment of debt.
University Circle & 333 Market Street Joint Ventures
On July 6, 2017, Columbia Property Trust deposited $12.0 million of earnest money upon enteringcontributed University Circle and 333 Market Street to joint ventures, and simultaneously sold a firm contract to purchase 149 Madison Avenue, a 12-story, 127,000-square-foot office building22.5% interest in New York. Closing is expected to occur later this year.

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Dispositions
During 2016 and 2017,these joint ventures. On February 1, 2018, Columbia Property Trust sold an additional 22.5% interest in University Circle and 333 Market Street to its joint venture partner for $235.3 million, which resulted in a $0.8 million gain on sale of unconsolidated joint venture interests. The gain on sale is calculated as the following properties:
Property Location Date 
Sales Price(1) 
(in thousands)
 Gain (Loss) on Sale (in thousands)
2017         
University Circle & 333 Market Street(2)
 San Francisco, CA July 6, 2017 $234,000
 $102,365
 
Key Center Tower & Marriott(3)
 Cleveland, OH January 31, 2017 $267,500
 $9,500
 
Houston Properties(4)
 Houston, TX January 6, 2017 $272,000
 $63,700
 
2016         
SanTan Corporate Center Phoenix, AZ December 15, 2016 $58,500
 $9,800
 
Sterling Commerce Dallas, TX November 30, 2016 $51,000
 $12,500
 
9127 South Jamaica Street Denver, CO October 12, 2016 $19,500
 $
(5) 
80 Park Plaza Newark, NJ September 30, 2016 $174,500
 $21,600
 
9189, 9191 & 9193 South Jamaica Street Denver, CO September 22, 2016 $122,000
 $27,200
 
800 North Frederick Suburban, MD July 8, 2016 $48,000
 $2,100
 
100 East Pratt Baltimore, MD March 31, 2016 $187,000
 $(300) 
(1)
Exclusivenet sales price over the adjusted carrying value of the joint venture interest sold. Following this transaction, costs and price adjustments.
(2)
Columbia Property Trust contributed the 333 Market Street building and the University Circle property to joint ventures, and simultaneously sold a 22.5% interest in those joint ventures for $234.0 million to Allianz Real Estate ("Allianz"), an unrelated third party (collectively, the "San Francisco Joint Ventures").
Upon the earlier of July 6, 2018, or when Columbia Property Trust and Allianz jointly invest $600.0 million in additional assets acquisitions (excluding the 114 Fifth Avenue building described above), Allianz will acquire another 22.5%owns a 55.0% interest in eachthe University Circle and 333 Market Street joint ventures. The proceeds from the February 1, 2018 transaction were used to reduce the balance on a bridge loan and the Revolving Credit Facility, as described in Note 5, Line of the San Francisco Joint Ventures at the same aggregate price, $234.0 million, adjusted for any capital expenditures made during the intervening period at the properties. The $600.0 million investment hurdle has been reduced by the aggregate adjusted purchase price for the 1800 M Street acquisition described above.
(3)Credit and Notes Payable.
Key Center Tower & Marriott were sold in one transaction for $254.5 million of gross proceeds and a $13.0 million, 10-year accruing note receivable from the principal of the buyer. As a result, Columbia Property Trust has applied the installment method to account for this transaction, and deferred $13.0 million of the total $22.5 million gain on sale. The Key Center Tower and Key Center Marriott generated net income of $9.6 million for the first nine months of 2016, and a net loss of $1.9 million for the first 31 days of 2017, excluding the gain on sale.
(4)
5 Houston Center, Energy Center I, and 515 Post Oak were sold in one transaction. These properties generated net income of $10.8 million for the first nine months of 2016, and a net loss of $14.9 thousand for the first six days of 2017, excluding the gain on sale.
(5)
Columbia Property Trust recorded a de minimus loss on the sale of 9127 South Jamaica Street.

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4.    Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Columbia Property Trust ownsowned interests in the following properties through joint ventures, which are accounted for using the equity method of accounting:
   Carrying Value of Investment   
Carrying Value of Investment(1)
Joint Venture Property Name Geographic Market Ownership Interest September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Property Name Geographic Market Ownership Interest March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Market Square Joint Venture Market Square Washington, D.C. 51.0% $126,638
 $127,346
 Market Square Washington, D.C. 51.0% $137,825
 $134,250
University Circle Joint Venture(1)
 University Circle San Francisco 77.5%
(2) 
 170,712
 
 University Circle San Francisco 55.0% 291,159
 292,951
333 Market Street Joint Venture(1)
 333 Market Street San Francisco 77.5%
(2) 
 288,405
 
 333 Market Street San Francisco 55.0% 272,519
 273,783
114 Fifth Avenue Joint Venture(1)
 114 Fifth Avenue New York 49.5% 112,350
 
 114 Fifth Avenue New York 49.5% 96,059
 99,283
1800 M Street Joint Venture 1800 M Street Washington, D.C. 55.0% 234,837
 237,333
799 Broadway Joint Venture(2)
 799 Broadway New York, NY 49.7% 35,506
 33,753
   $698,105
 $127,346
   $1,067,905
 $1,071,353
(1) 
See Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, for a description of the formation of these joint ventures in the current period.
Includes basis differences.
(2) 
Upon the earlier of July 6, 2018, or when Columbia Property Trust and Allianz jointly invest $600.0capitalized interest of $0.3 million on its investment in additional assets acquisitions (excluding 114 Fifth Avenue), Allianz will acquire from Columbia Property Trust an additional 22.5% interest in each of the University Circle799 Broadway Joint Venture andduring the 333 Market Street Joint Venture, thereby reducing Columbia Property Trust's equity interest in each joint venture to 55.0%. The $600.0 million investment hurdle has been reduced by the aggregate adjusted purchase price for the 1800 M Street acquisition described in Note 3, Real Estate Transactions.
three months ended March 31, 2019.
Columbia Property Trust has determined that none of its unconsolidated joint ventures are variable interest entities. However, Columbia Property Trust and its partners have substantive participation rights in the joint ventures, including management selection and termination, and the approval of operating and capital decisions. As such, Columbia Property Trust uses the equity method of accounting to record its investment in these joint ventures. Under the equity method, the investment in the joint venture is recorded at cost and adjusted for cash contributions and distributions, and allocations of income or loss.
Columbia Property Trust evaluates the recoverability of its investmentinvestments in unconsolidated joint ventures in accordance with accounting standards for equity investments by first reviewing the investment for any indicators of impairment. If indicators are present, Columbia Property Trust estimates the fair value of the investment. If the carrying value of the investment is greater than the estimated fair value, management makes an assessment of whether the impairmentdeficit is "temporary" or "other-than-temporary."other-than-temporary," and if other-than-temporary, reduces the carrying value to reflect the estimated fair value by recording an impairment loss. In making this assessment, management considers the following: (1) the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been less than cost and (2) Columbia Property Trust's intent and ability to retain its interest long enough for a recovery in market value. Based on the assessment asanalysis described above, Columbia Property Trust has determined that none of its investments in joint ventures are other than temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2017.
Mortgage Debt and Related Guaranty
The Market Square joint venture is the only joint venture with mortgage debt. As of September 30, 2017 and DecemberMarch 31, 2016, the outstanding balance on the interest-only Market Square mortgage note is $325.0 million, bearing interest at 5.07%. The Market Square mortgage note matures on July 1, 2023. Columbia Property Trust guarantees a portion of the Market Square mortgage note, the amount of which has been reduced to $11.2 million as of September 30, 2017 from $16.1 million as of December 31, 2016, as a result of leasing at the Market Square Buildings. The amount of the guaranty will continue to be reduced as space is leased.2019.

Page 18


Condensed Combined Financial Information
Summarized balance sheet information for each of the unconsolidated joint ventures is as follows (in thousands):
 Total Assets Total Debt Total Equity Total Assets Total Debt 
Total Equity(1)
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Market Square Joint Venture $582,664
 $587,344
 $324,682
 $324,656
 $239,207
 $242,802
 $586,797
 $582,176
 $324,775
(2) 
 $324,762
 $248,004
 $241,581
University Circle Joint Venture 225,434
 
 
 
 217,138
(1) 
 
 225,398
 224,746
 
 
 218,753
 219,390
333 Market Street Joint Venture 385,930
 
 
 
 369,177
(1) 
 
 372,814
 375,884
 
 
 358,452
 360,915
114 Fifth Avenue Joint Venture 388,786
 
 
 
 174,246
(1) 
 
 498,686
 377,970
 
 
 143,138
 149,243
1800 M Street Joint Venture 441,114
 447,585
 
 
 424,501
 429,016
799 Broadway Joint Venture 170,075
 168,390
 98,130
(3) 
 95,630
 69,836
 67,189
 $1,582,814
 $587,344
 $324,682
 $324,656
 $999,768
 $242,802
 $2,294,884
 $2,176,751
 $422,905
 $420,392
 $1,462,684
 $1,467,334
(1) 
Excludes basis differences. There is an aggregate basisnet difference of $30.8$281.2 million related to the University Circle Joint Venture, the 333 Market Street Joint Venture and the 114 Fifth Avenue Joint Venture. Such difference represents the differences$282.0 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, between the historical costs reflectedrecorded at the joint venture level, and Columbia Property Trust's investmentinvestments in theunconsolidated joint ventures. TheSuch basis differences result from the timing of each partner's acquisition of anjoint venture interest in the joint ventureacquisition; and formation costs incurred by Columbia Property Trust, and will beTrust. Basis differences are amortized to income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures over the lifelives of the underlying assets or liabilities.
(2)
The Market Square Joint Venture has a $325.0 million mortgage note. The Market Square mortgage note bears interest at 5.07% and matures on July 1, 2023. For a discussion of Columbia Property Trust's guaranty of a portion of this mortgage note, see Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies.
(3)
Reflects $103.1 million outstanding, net of $5.0 million of net unamortized deferred financing costs, on the 799 Broadway construction loan.  The 799 Broadway construction loan is being used to finance a portion of the 799 Broadway development project, has total capacity of $187.0 million and bears interest at LIBOR, capped at 4.00%, plus a spread of 425 basis points (the "Construction Loan").  A portion of the monthly interest payments accrue into the balance of the loan. The Construction Loan matures on October 9, 2021, with two one-year extension options. For a discussion of Columbia Property Trust's equity guaranty related assets.to the Construction Loan, see Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies.
Summarized income statement information for the unconsolidated joint ventures for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and September 30, 20162018 is as follows (in thousands):
 Total Revenues Net Income (Loss) Columbia Property Trust's Share of Net Income (Loss) Total Revenues Net Income (Loss) 
Columbia Property Trust's Share of Net Income (Loss)(1)
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018
Market Square Joint Venture $10,474
 $9,787
 $(4,089) $(3,799) $(2,086) $(1,937) $11,337
 $11,015
 $(2,595) $(3,009) $(1,323) $(1,534)
University Circle Joint Venture 9,448
 
 4,810
 
 3,701
 
 11,272
 10,341
 6,364
 5,505
 3,500
 3,429
333 Market Street Joint Venture 6,306
 
 3,381
 
 2,593
 
 7,054
 6,668
 3,713
 3,557
 2,042
 2,227
114 Fifth Avenue Joint Venture 9,832
 
 (2,332) 
 (1,355) 
 10,919
 10,300
 (2,506) (2,331) (1,240) (1,154)
1800 M Street Joint Venture 9,454
 8,897
 388
 243
 214
 133
799 Broadway Joint Venture 
 
 (526) 
 (262) 
 $36,060
 $9,787
 $1,770
 $(3,799) $2,853
 $(1,937) $50,036
 $47,221
 $4,838
 $3,965
 $2,931
 $3,101
(1)
Excludes amortization of basis differences described in footnote (1) to the above table, which are recorded as income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Summarized income statement information for the unconsolidated joint ventures for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 is as follows (in thousands):
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  Total Revenues Net Income (Loss) Columbia Property Trust's Share of Net Income (Loss)
  2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Market Square Joint Venture $31,036
 $31,226
 $(11,348) $(10,669) $(5,788) $(5,441)
University Circle Joint Venture 9,448
 
 4,810
 
 3,701
 
333 Market Street Joint Venture 6,306
 
 3,381
 
 2,593
 
114 Fifth Avenue Joint Venture 9,832
 
 (2,332) 
 (1,355) 
  $56,622
 $31,226
 $(5,489) $(10,669) $(849) $(5,441)
Property
Asset and AssetProperty Management Fees
Columbia Property Trust provides property and asset management services to the Market Square Joint Venture, the University Circle Joint Venture,and the 333 Market Street Joint Venture, and the 1800 M Street Joint Venture. Under these agreements, Columbia Property Trust oversees the day-to-day operations of these joint ventures and their properties, including property management, property accounting, and other administrative services. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, Columbia Property Trust earned the following fees from these unconsolidated joint ventures:ventures (in thousands):
  For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
Market Square Joint Venture $496
 $511
 $1,468
 $1,655
University Circle Joint Venture 480
 
 480
 
333 Market Street Joint Venture 178
 
 178
 
  $1,154
 $511
 $2,126
 $1,655

Page 19



  Three Months Ended
March 31,
  2019 2018
Market Square Joint Venture $568
 $523
University Circle Joint Venture 574
 529
333 Market Street Joint Venture 207
 197
1800 M Street Joint Venture 520
 510
  $1,869
 $1,759
Columbia Property Trust also received reimbursements of property operating costs of $0.9$1.2 million and $0.1$1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016, respectively, and $1.2 million and $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which2018, respectively. These reimbursements are included in other property income revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Property and asset management fees of $0.3$0.6 million and $0.1$0.7 million respectively, were due to Columbia Property Trust from the joint ventures and are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, respectively. Additionally, Columbia Property Trust leases office space from the Market Square Joint Venture, and the 799 Broadway Joint Venture leases retail space from Columbia Property Trust. Under these leases, Columbia Property Trust paid $37,000 to the Market Square Joint Venture and received $30,000 from the 799 Broadway Joint Venture, for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
5.    Line of Credit and Notes Payable
As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 20162018, Columbia Property Trust had the following line of credit and notes payable indebtedness (excluding bonds payable; see Note 6, Bonds Payable) in thousands:(in thousands):
Facility September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
$300 Million Term Loan $300,000
 $300,000
$150 Million Term Loan 150,000
 150,000
263 Shuman Boulevard building mortgage note(1)
 49,000
 49,000
One Glenlake building mortgage note 23,978
 26,315
650 California Street building mortgage note 
 126,287
221 Main Street building mortgage note 
 73,000
Revolving Credit Facility 
 
Less: Deferred financing costs related to term loans and notes payable, net of accumulated amortization (2,611) (3,136)
  $520,367
 $721,466
Facility March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Revolving Credit Facility $533,000
 $482,000
$150 Million Term Loan 150,000
 150,000
Less: Deferred financing costs related to term loans and notes payable, net of accumulated amortization (2,544) (2,692)
  $680,456
 $629,308
(1)
On December 7, 2018, Columbia Property Trust amended and restated its $500.0 million revolving credit facility and $300.0 million unsecured term loan (together, the "Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement provides for (i) a $650.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), with an initial term ending January 31, 2023 and two six-month extension options (for a total possible extension option of one year to January 31, 2024), subject to the paying of certain fees and the satisfaction of certain other conditions, and (ii) a 12-month, delayed-draw, $300.0 million unsecured term loan, with a term ending January 31, 2024 (the "$300 Million Term Loan"). The $300 Million Term Loan remains undrawn at March 31, 2019 and may be drawn until December 7, 2019.
At Columbia Property Trust's option, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either (i) the alternate base rate plus an applicable margin based on five stated pricing levels ranging from 0.00% to 0.45% for the Revolving Credit Facility and 0.00% to 0.65% for the $300 Million Term Loan, or (ii) the LIBOR rate, as defined in the credit agreement, plus an applicable margin based on five stated pricing levels ranging from 0.775% to 1.45% for the Revolving Credit Facility and 0.85% to 1.65% for the $300 Million Term Loan, in each case based on the Columbia Property Trust's credit rating.
The OfficeMax lease expired in May 2017, and the mortgage note matured in July 2017. Columbia Property Trust is working with the special-servicer to effect the transfer of the property to the lender in settlement of the loan principal, accrued interest expense and accrued property operating expenses. In the third quarter of 2017, Columbia Property Trust accrued related interest expense of $1.3 million at the default rate of 10.55%, and property operating expenses of $0.2 million, primarily related to property taxes.
Fair Value of Debt
The estimated fair value of Columbia Property Trust's line of credit and notes payable as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, was approximately $524.2$683.1 million and $728.5$632.1 million, respectively. The related carrying value of the line of credit and notes payable as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, was $523.0$683.0 million and $724.6$632.0 million, respectively. Columbia Property Trust estimated the fair value of the $300$150 Million Term Loan (the "$300 Million Term Loan") and the Revolving Credit Facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") by obtaining estimates for similar

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Table of Contents


facilities from multiple market participants as of the respective reporting dates. Therefore, the fair values determined are considered to be based on observable market data for similar instruments (Level 2). The fair values of all other debt instruments were estimated based on discounted cash flow analyses using the current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements as of the respective reporting dates. The discounted cash flow method of assessing fair value results in a general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realized.
Interest Paid and Capitalized and Debt Covenants
During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, Columbia Property Trust made interest payments totalingof approximately $15.6$5.6 million and $21.7$6.3 million, respectively, of which approximately $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively, was capitalized. As of September 30, 2017, respectively.
Columbia Property Trust believes it iscapitalizes interest on development, redevelopment, and improvement projects funded directly and through its interest in unconsolidated joint ventures, using the weighted-average interest rate of its consolidated borrowings for the period. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, Columbia Property Trust capitalized interest of $1.2 million, $0.9 million of which was capitalized to construction in progress, and $0.3 million of which was capitalized to investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, Columbia Property Trust capitalized interest of $0.9 million, all of which was capitalized to construction in progress. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the weighted average interest rate on Columbia Property Trust’s outstanding borrowings was 3.59%.
Debt Covenants
As of March 31, 2019, Columbia Property Trust was in compliance with the restrictive financialall of its debt covenants on its term loans and the Revolving Credit Facility, and notes payable obligations.
Debt Repayments
On August 17, 2017, Columbia Property Trust repaid the $124.8 million balance of the 650 California Street building mortgage note, which was originally scheduled to mature on July 1, 2019. Columbia Property Trust recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $0.3 million related to unamortized deferred financing costs.
On March 10, 2017, Columbia Property Trust repaid the $73.0 million balance of the 221 Main Street building mortgage note, which was originally scheduled to mature on May 10, 2017. Columbia Property Trust recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $45,000 related to unamortized deferred financing costs.

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Term Loan Amendment
On July 25, 2017, Columbia Property Trust amended the terms of its $150 Million Term Loan, to reduce the current interest rate from 3.52% to 3.07% per annum. The amendment reduced the interest rate from LIBOR, plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.40% to 2.35%, to LIBOR, plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.90% to 1.75%. The maturity date, debt covenants, and other terms of the $150 Million Term Loan are unchanged. The interest rate is effectively fixed with an interest rate swap agreement, which is designated as a cash flow hedge.Facility.
6.    Bonds Payable
On August 12, 2016, Columbia Property Trust OP issuedhas two series of bonds outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: $350.0 million of 10-year, unsecured 3.650% senior notes issued at 99.626% of their face value (the "2026 Bonds Payable"), which are guaranteed by Columbia Property Trust. Columbia Property Trust OP received net proceeds from the 2026 Bonds Payable of $346.4 million, which were used to redeem $250.0; and $350.0 million of seven-year,10-year, unsecured 5.875%4.150% senior notes issued at 99.859% of their face value (the "2018"2025 Bonds Payable"), (collectively, the "Bonds Payable"). The 2026 Bonds PayableBoth series of bonds require semi-annual interest payments in February and August based on a contractual annual interest rate of 3.650%. In the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, the 2026 Bonds Payable are shown net of the initial issuance discount of approximately $1.3 million, which is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Bonds Payable using the effective interest method.payments. The principal amount of the 2026 Bonds Payable is due and payable on the maturity date, August 15, 2026.
In March 2015, Columbia Property Trust OP issued $350.0 million of 10-year, unsecured 4.150% senior notes at 99.859% of their face value (the "2025 Bonds Payable"), which are guaranteed by Columbia Property Trust. Columbia Property Trust OP received proceeds from2026, and the 2025 Bonds Payable, net of fees, of $347.2 million. The 2025 Bonds Payable require semi-annual interest payments in April and October based on a contractual annual interest rate of 4.150%. In the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, the 2025 Bonds Payable are shown net of the initial issuance discount of approximately $0.5 million, which is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2025 Bonds Payable using the effective interest method. The principal amount of the 2025 Bonds Payable is due and payable on the maturity date, April 1, 2025.
Interest payments of $20.1$6.4 million were made on the 2026 Bonds Payable and 2025 Bonds Payable during both the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019 and $20.8 million in interest payments were made on the 2025 Bonds Payable or the 2018 Bonds Payable during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2018. Columbia Property Trust is subject to substantially similar covenants under the 2026 Bonds Payable and the 2025 Bonds Payable. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, Columbia Property Trust believes it was in compliance with the restrictive financial covenants on the 2026 Bonds Payable and the 2025 Bonds Payable.
As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, the estimated fair value of the 2026 Bonds Payable and the 2025 Bonds Payable was approximately $702.9$695.1 million and $703.1$685.0 million, respectively. Therespectively, and the related carrying value, of the bonds payable, net of discounts, as of September 30, 2017both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018 was $698.5 million and $698.3 million, respectively.$698.7 million. The fair value of the bonds payableBonds Payable was estimated based on a discounted cash flow analysesanalysis, using the current incremental borrowing ratesobservable market data for its bonds payable and similar types of borrowings as the bonds as of the respective reporting datesinstruments (Level 2). The discounted cash flow method of assessing fair value results in a general approximation of value, which may differ from the price that could be achieved in a market transaction.
7.Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments Under Existing Lease Agreements
Certain lease agreements include provisionstenant allowances that, at the option of the tenant, may obligate Columbia Property Trust to expend capital to expandimprove an existing property, or to provide other expenditures for the benefit of the tenant. As of September 30, 2017, no tenants have exercised such options that have not been materially satisfied or recordedMarch 31, 2019, Columbia Property Trust had one individually significant unrecorded tenant allowance commitment: $28.3 million for the WeWork lease at 149 Madison Avenue. These commitments will be accrued as a liability on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.related costs are incurred.
GuarantyGuaranties of Debt of Unconsolidated Joint VentureVentures
Upon entering into the Market Square Joint Venture in October 2015, Columbia Property Trust entered into a guarantyguarantees portions of a $25.0the debt at two of its unconsolidated joint ventures (see Note 4, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures).
As of March 31, 2019, Columbia Property Trust guaranteed $4.0 million portion of the $325.0 million Market Square mortgage note,loan. In April 2019, as a result of additional leasing, the guaranty was reduced to $0 and eliminated.
As of March 31, 2019, the 799 Broadway Joint Venture has $103.1 million in outstanding borrowings on the Construction Loan. Pursuant to a joint and several guaranty agreement with the Construction Loan lender, Columbia Property Trust and its joint venture partner are required to make aggregate additional equity contributions to the joint venture based on the initial expected project costs, less the amount of equity contributions made to date. As of March 31, 2019, the remaining equity contribution requirement is $47.7 million, of which is reduced as space is leased. As a result of leasing, the guaranty has been reduced to $11.2$23.7 million as of September 30, 2017.reflects Columbia Property Trust believes that the likelihood of making a payment under this guaranty is remote; therefore, no liability has been recorded related to this guaranty as of September 30, 2017.Trust's allocated

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share. Equity contributions become payable by Columbia Property Trust to the joint venture when a capital call is received. As of March 31, 2019, no capital calls remain unpaid; therefore, no liability has been recorded related to this guaranty.
Litigation
Columbia Property Trust is subject to various legal proceedings, claims, and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are expected to be covered by liability insurance. Management makes assumptions and estimates concerning the likelihood and amount of any reasonably possible loss relating to these matters using the latest information available. Columbia Property Trust records a liability for litigation if an unfavorable outcome is probable, and the amount of loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. If an unfavorable outcome is probable and a reasonable estimate of the loss is a range, Columbia Property Trust accrues the best estimate within the range. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, Columbia Property Trust accrues the minimum amount within the range. If an unfavorable outcome is probable but the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated, Columbia Property Trust discloses the nature of the litigation and indicates that an estimate of the loss or range of loss cannot be made. If an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the estimated loss is material, Columbia Property Trust discloses the nature and estimate of the possible loss of the litigation. Columbia Property Trust does not disclose information with respect to litigation where the possibility of an unfavorable outcome is considered to be remote. Based on current expectations, such matters, both individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the liquidity, results of operations, business, or financial condition of Columbia Property Trust. Columbia Property Trust is not currently involved in any legal proceedings of which management would consider the outcome to be reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, liquidity, or financial condition of Columbia Property Trust.
8.Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock Repurchase Program
Columbia Property Trust's board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $200 million of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, from September 4, 2015 through September 4, 2017 (the "2015 Stock Repurchase Program"). Under the 2015 Stock Repurchase Program, Columbia Property Trust acquired 5.6 million shares at an average price of $21.85 per share, for aggregate purchases of $121.4 million. Columbia Property Trust's board of directors authorized a second stock repurchase program to purchase up to an aggregate of $200.0 million of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, from September 4, 2017 through September 4, 2019 (the "2017 Stock Repurchase Program"). During the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, Columbia Property Trust repurchased an additional 1.4 million shares at an average price of $21.02 perdid not make any share for aggregate purchases of $30.1 million under the 2015 Stock Repurchase Program and 2017 Stock Repurchase Program.repurchases. As of September 30, 2017, $194.8March 31, 2019, $124.4 million remains available for repurchases under the 2017 Stock Repurchase Program. Common stock repurchases are charged against equity as incurred, and the repurchased shares are retired. Columbia Property Trust will continue to evaluate the purchase of shares, primarily through open market transactions, which are subject to market conditions and other factors.

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Long-Term Incentive PlanCompensation
Columbia Property Trust maintains a shareholder-approved,stockholder-approved, long-term incentive plan (the "LTIP""LTI Plan") that provides for grants of up to 4.8 million shares of stock to be made to certain employees and independent directors of Columbia Property Trust.
In 2017,Employee Awards
Under the LTI Plan, Columbia Property Trust hasgrants time-based stock awards and performance-based restricted stock unit awards to its employees.
On January 1, 2019, Columbia Property Trust granted 139,825175,129 shares of common stock awards (the "Time-Based Restricted Shares") to employees, under the LTIP for 2017. Such awards are time-based andwhich will vest ratably on each anniversary of the grant over the next four years. Performance-basedOn January 1, 2019, Columbia Property Trust granted 221,199 of performance-based restricted stock unit awards representing 330,880 shares were also made in 2017.units (the "Performance-Based RSUs"), of which 75% will vest at the conclusion of a three-year performance period, and the remaining 25% will vest one year later. The payout of these performance-based awards can range from 0% to 150%, dependingthe 2019 Performance-Based RSUs will be determined based on Columbia Property Trust's total shareholderstockholder return relative to the FTSE NAREIT Equity Office Index, overIndex. Below is a three-year performance period. At the conclusion of the three-year performance period, 75% of the shares earned will vest, and the remaining 25% vest one year later. The performance-based awards also include one- and two-year transitional awards, which will vest at the end of the respective performance periods. The awards will be expensed over the vesting period, using the estimated fair value for each award. Time-based awards will be expensed using the grant-date fair value or closing price of the award on the grant date. Performance-based awards will be expensed over the vesting period at the estimated fair value of the grant date, as determined by the Monte Carlo valuation method.

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Additionally, on January 20, 2017, Columbia Property Trust granted 193,535 shares of common stock to employees, net of 17,938 shares withheld to settle the related tax liability, under the LTIP for 2016 performance, of which 25% vested upon grant; the remaining shares will vest ratably, with the passage of time, on January 31, 2018, 2019, and 2020. Employees receive quarterly dividends related to their entire grant, including the unvested shares, on each dividend payment date. A summary of the activity for the employee stock grantsawards issued under the LTIP forLTI Plan in the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017 follows:March 31, 2019:
 For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017
 Time-Based Awards Performance-Based Awards
 Shares
(in thousands)
 
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
(1)
 Restricted Shares
(in thousands)
 
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
(1)
 
RSUs
(in thousands)
 
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
(2)
Unvested shares – beginning of period 256
 $22.62
Unvested awards – beginning of period 375
 $22.15
 454
  $19.37
Granted 664
 $20.20
 175
 $19.35
 256
(3) 
 $17.66
Vested (161) $22.67
 (165) $21.98
 (121) $19.08
Forfeited (9) $21.12
 
 $
 
 $
Unvested shares – end of period(2)
 750
 $20.48
Unvested awards – end of period(4)
 385
 $20.95
 589
 $18.77
(1) 
Columbia Property Trust determinedReflects the weighted-average, grant-date fair value using the market closing price on the date of the respective grants.
(2) 
Reflects the weighted-average, grant-date fair value using a Monte Carlo valuation.
(3)
Includes approximately 35,000 RSUs, which were converted to shares based on performance, as defined by the LTI Plan, over the period from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2018.
(4)
As of September 30, 2017, we expectMarch 31, 2019, Columbia Property Trust expects approximately 694,928370,000 of the 750,000385,000 unvested sharesrestricted stock units to ultimately vest and approximately 566,000 of the 589,000 unvested Performance-Based RSUs, assuming a weighted averageweighted-average forfeiture rate of 4.7%3.8%, which was determined based on peer company data, adjusted for the specifics of the LTIP.historical forfeiture rates.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, Director Stock Grants
Columbia Property Trust paidgrants equity retainers to its independent directors under the LTIP by grantingLTI Plan. Such grants vest immediately. Beginning in May 2017, these grants are made annually for the following shares, all of which vested immediately:year. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, no stock grants were made to the directors.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Date of Grant Shares Grant-Date Fair Value
2017 Director Grants:     
January 3, 2017 8,279
  $21.58
May 2, 2017 33,581
(1) 
 $22.57
2016 Director Grants:     
January 4, 2016 7,439
  $23.00
April 1, 2016 8,120
  $21.89
July 1, 2016 8,158
  $21.52
(1)
On May 2, 2017, the independent directors’ equity retainers were paid for the ensuing annual period. Prior to this time, the independent directors’ equity retainers were paid quarterly.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, Columbia Property Trust incurred the stock-based compensation expense related to the following events (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Amortization of LTIP awards$917
 $650
 $2,721
 $2,190
Amortization of future LTIP awards(1)
639
 91
 1,851
 797
Issuance of shares to independent directors
 176
 937
 525
Total stock-based compensation expense$1,556
 $917
 $5,509
 $3,512
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2019 2018
Amortization of time-based awards granted under the LTI Plan$884
 $1,036
Amortization of performance-based awards granted under the LTI Plan(1)
655
 492
Total stock-based compensation expense$1,539
 $1,528
(1) 
Reflects amortization of LTIP awards made under the LTI Plan for service during the current period, for which shares will be issued in future periods.
These expenses are included in general and administrative expenses corporate in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2016,2018, there was $9.9were $13.6 million and $3.2$8.6 million, respectively, of unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested awards under the LTIP,LTI Plan, which will be amortized over the respective vesting period, ranging from one to four years at the time of grant. Effective in 2017, Columbia Property Trust changed from an LTIP measured over a one-year performance period to an LTIP measured over a three-year performance period and, as a result, has issued additional unvested shares this year.

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9.     Supplemental Disclosures of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
Outlined below are significant noncash investing and financing activities for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018 (in thousands): 
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2017 2016
Investments in real estate funded with other assets$311
 $1,442
Real estate assets transferred to unconsolidated joint ventures$558,122
 $
Other assets transferred to unconsolidated joint ventures$43,670
 $
Other liabilities transferred to unconsolidated joint ventures$21,347
 $
Discount on issuance of bonds payable$
 $1,309
Deposits applied to sales of real estate$10,000
 $
Amortization of net discounts on debt$135
 $222
Market value adjustments to interest rate swaps that qualify for hedge accounting treatment$146
 $(5,629)
Accrued capital expenditures and deferred lease costs$25,866
 $16,074
Accrued deferred financing costs$
 $12
Common stock issued to employees and directors, and amortized (net of income tax withholdings)$4,061
 $2,339
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2019 2018
Amortization of net discounts on debt$45
 $45
Accrued investments in unconsolidated joint ventures$88
 $
Accrued capital expenditures and deferred lease costs$19,603
 $12,414
Operating lease liability recorded at adoption of ASC 842$34,791
 $
Market value adjustments to interest rate swaps that qualify for hedge accounting treatment$(1,431) $2,514
Cumulative-effect adjustment to equity for the adoption of ASU 2017-05, Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Non-Financial Assets
$
 $357,755
Amortization of common stock issued to employees and directors$1,539
 $1,528


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10.     Leases
Columbia Property Trust as Lessee
Columbia Property Trust is a lessee on ground leases at certain of its investment properties, office space leases, and various information technology equipment leases. Operating lease assets represent Columbia Property Trust's right to use the underlying asset over the lease term, and operating lease liabilities represent Columbia Property Trust's obligation to make lease payments over the lease term. Operating lease liabilities are measured as the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of Columbia Property Trust's leases do not provide an implicit rate, Columbia Property Trust uses its incremental borrowing rate, based on information available at commencement, to calculate the present value of lease payments. Lease term extensions are included in the operating lease liability when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised. Any variable payments for non-lease services provided under leases are expensed as incurred. Operating lease assets are measured based on the corresponding operating lease liability amount, reduced for lease incentives and straight-line rent payable (receivable) balances at adoption of ASC 842. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and is reflected as property operating costs for ground leases and as general and administrative – corporate for all other operating leases. Contracts are evaluated at commencement to determine if the contract contains a lease, and the appropriate classification for such leases.
As of March 31, 2019, Columbia Property Trust has three ground leases with remaining lease terms ranging from 58 years to 111 years, inclusive of renewal options, which are included in operating lease assets of $63.8 million. Under one of the ground leases, payments for all future periods have already been made. Thus, as of March 31, 2019, operating lease liabilities of $34.7 million reflect the present value of future payments due under the other two ground leases, which have remaining lease terms ranging from 80 years to 111 years, inclusive of renewal options.
As of March 31, 2019, the future minimum lease payments to be made by Columbia Property Trust under its operating leases are as follows (thousands):
Remainder of 2019$1,877
20202,539
20212,704
20222,743
20232,023
20241,962
Thereafter174,821
     Total lease payments188,669
Less: interest expense(153,931)
Present value of lease liabilities$34,738
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)76 years
Weighted-average discount rate6.6%
As of December 31, 2018, the future minimum lease payments to be made by Columbia Property Trust under its operating leases are as follows (in thousands):
2019$2,502
20202,539
20212,704
20222,743
20232,023
Thereafter176,782
       Total$189,293

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Columbia Property Trust's operating leases had the following impacts on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):
 Ground Leases Office Lease Total Operating Leases
Assets:     
Total operating lease assets$61,849
 $1,980
 $63,829
Liabilities:     
Total operating lease liabilities$32,112
 $2,626
 $34,738
Columbia Property Trust's operating leases had the following impacts on the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (in thousands):
 Ground Leases Office Lease Total Operating Leases
Property operating costs$692
 $
 $692
General and administrative  corporate

 145
 145
Total operating lease expenses$692
 $145
 $837
Columbia Property Trust's operating leases had the following impacts on the consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019:
 Ground Leases Office Lease Total Operating Leases
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities included in cash flows from operations$(451) $(174) $(625)
Columbia Property Trust as Lessor
Columbia Property Trust owns and leases commercial real estate, primarily office space, to tenants under operating leases for specified periods of time. Some of Columbia Property Trust's leases contain extension and/or termination options; however, the exercise of these extensions or terminations is at the discretion of the tenant and subject to negotiations. Therefore, such options are only recognized once they are deemed reasonably certain, typically at the time the option is exercised. Rental income related to such leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease period, and is included in rental income and tenant reimbursements on the consolidated statements of operations. Contracts are evaluated at commencement to determine if the contract contains a lease, and the appropriate classification for such leases. As of March 31, 2019, the weighted-average remaining term for such leases is approximately 6.9 years.
Rental income and tenant reimbursements include fixed and variable payments. Fixed payments primarily relate to base rent; and variable payments primarily relate to tenant reimbursements for certain property operating costs. Fixed and variable payments for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Fixed payments$65,517
Variable payments6,345
Total rental income and tenant reimbursements$71,862

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As of March 31, 2019, the future minimum lease payments due to Columbia Property Trust under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows (thousands):
Remainder of 2019$184,860
2020251,836
2021225,294
2022213,492
2023196,011
2024183,205
Thereafter939,626
     Total$2,194,324
As of December 31, 2018, the future minimum lease payments due to Columbia Property Trust under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows (in thousands):
2019$242,370
2020247,826
2021221,692
2022209,845
2023192,261
Thereafter1,106,275
     Total$2,220,269


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11.     Non-Lease Revenues
Columbia Property Trust derives most of its revenues from leases, as described in Note 10, Leases. Columbia Property Trust also has the following non-lease revenue streams.
Asset and Property Management Fee Income
Under asset and property management agreements in place with certain of its unconsolidated joint ventures, Columbia Property Trust earns revenue for performing asset and property management functions for properties owned through its joint ventures, as further described in Note 4, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, Columbia Property Trust earned revenues of $1.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively, under these agreements.
Leasing Override Fees
Under the asset management agreements for certain properties owned through unconsolidated joint ventures, Columbia Property Trust is eligible to earn leasing override fees equal to a percentage of the total rental payments to be made by the tenant over the term of the lease. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, Columbia Property Trust earned leasing override fees of $3,000, which are included in asset and property management fee income on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Salary and Other Reimbursement Revenue
Under the property management agreements for certain properties owned through unconsolidated joint ventures, Columbia Property Trust receives reimbursements for salaries and property operating costs for services that are provided by Columbia Property Trust employees on an ongoing basis. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, Columbia Property Trust earned salary and other reimbursement revenue of $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively, which is included in other property income on the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
Miscellaneous Revenue
Columbia Property Trust also receives revenues for services provided to its tenants through the TRS Entities, including fitness centers, shuttles, and cafeterias, which are included in other property income on the accompanying consolidated statements of income. For both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, Columbia Property Trust earned miscellaneous revenue of $0.2 million, which is included in other property income on the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

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12.    Earnings Per Share
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, in computing the basic and diluted earnings per share, net income has been reduced for the dividends paid on unvested shares related to unvested awardsgranted under the LTIP.LTI Plan. The following table reconciles the numerator for the basic and diluted earnings-per-share computations shown on the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018 (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2019 2018
Net income $101,534
 $36,898
 $177,389
 $56,881
 $3,513
 $1,498
Distributions paid on unvested shares (84) (77) (253) (237) (77) (73)
Net income used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share $101,450
 $36,821

$177,136

$56,644
 $3,436
 $1,425
The following table reconciles the denominator for the basic and diluted earnings-per-share computations shown on the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively (in thousands):
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
Weighted-average common shares – basic 120,293
 123,215
 121,270
 123,271
Plus incremental weighted-average shares from time-vested conversions, less assumed
share repurchases:
        
Previously granted LTIP awards, unvested 116
 82
 89
 46
Future LTIP awards 120
 53
 99
 31
Weighted-average common shares – diluted 120,529
 123,350
 121,458
 123,348
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
  2019 2018
Weighted-average common shares – basic 116,462
 119,082
Plus incremental weighted-average shares from time-vested conversions, less assumed
stock repurchases:
    
Previously granted awards, unvested 90
 70
Future period LTI Plan awards 328
 198
Weighted-average common shares – diluted 116,880
 119,350
11.13.    Segment Information
Columbia Property Trust establishes operating segments at the property level and aggregates individual properties into reportable segments for high-barrier-to-entry markets and other geographic locations in which Columbia Property Trust has significant investments. Columbia Property Trust considers geographic location when evaluating its portfolio composition and in assessing the ongoing operations and performance

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of its properties. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, Columbia Property Trust had the following reportable segments:  New York, San Francisco, Atlanta, Washington, D.C., Boston, Los Angeles, and all other office markets. The all other office markets reportable segment consists of properties in similar low-barrier-to-entry geographic locations in which Columbia Property Trust does not have a substantial presence and does not plan to make further investments. During the periods presented, there have been no material inter-segmentintersegment transactions.
Net operating income ("NOI") is a non-GAAP financial measure. NOI is the primary performance measure reviewed by management to assess operating performance of properties and is calculated by deducting operating expenses from operating revenues. Operating revenues include rental income, tenant reimbursements, hotel income, and other property income; and operating expenses include property and hotel operating costs. The NOI performance metric consists only of only revenues and expenses directly related to real estate rental operations. NOI reflects property acquisitions and dispositions, occupancy levels, rental rate increases or decreases, and the recoverability of operating expenses. NOI, as Columbia Property Trust calculates it, may not be directly comparable to similarly titled, but differently calculated, measures for other REITs.
When assessing ongoing performance of our reportable segments, management does not evaluate assets orAsset information and capital expenditures by reportable segment. Additionally, expenses, such as depreciationsegment are not reported because Columbia Property Trust does not use these measures to assess performance. Depreciation and amortization expense, along with other expense and others included in the reconciliationincome items, are not allocated among segments.

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The following table presents operating revenues included in NOI by geographic reportable segment for Columbia Property Trust's respective ownership interests (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162019 2018
New York(1)
$30,488
 $23,996
 $83,598
 $89,683
$38,696
 $40,909
San Francisco(2)
25,337
 26,407
 80,112
 82,310
27,763
 23,520
Atlanta9,401
 9,192
 28,239
 27,625
11,223
 9,858
Washington, D.C.(3)
8,494
 7,689
 23,622
 25,602
14,130
 13,972
Boston2,734
 2,879
 8,358
 8,782
3,674
 3,370
Los Angeles1,899
 1,635
 5,534
 5,526
1,934
 1,920
All other office markets2,772
 39,558
 17,219
 124,383
3,903
 3,936
Total office segments81,125
 111,356
 246,682
 363,911
101,323
 97,485
Hotel(24) 6,343
 1,199
 17,705
Corporate526
 48
 273
 430
786
 681
Total operating revenues$81,627
 $117,747
 $248,154
 $382,046
$102,109
 $98,166
(1) 
Includes operating revenues for 49.5% ofone unconsolidated property, 114 Fifth Avenue, based on ourColumbia Property Trust's ownership interest, from July 6, 2017 through September 30, 2017, which are included in equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.interest: 49.5% for all periods presented.
(2) 
Includes operating revenues for 100.0% of 333 Market Street and University Circle through July 5, 2017. Includes operating revenues for 77.5% oftwo unconsolidated properties, 333 Market Street and University Circle, based on ourColumbia Property Trust's ownership interest,interests:  77.5% from July 6, 2017January 1, 2018 through September 30, 2017, which are included in equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.January 31, 2018; and 55.0% from February 1, 2018 through March 31, 2019.
(3) 
Includes operating revenues for two unconsolidated properties, Market Square and 1800 M Street, based on Columbia Property Trust's ownership interests: 51.0% offor the Market Square buildings based on our ownership interest,and 55.0% for 1800 M Street for all periods presented.

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The following table presents NOI by geographic reportable segment (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
New York(1)
$16,536
 $11,380
 $50,411
 $52,515
San Francisco(2)
18,166
 20,095
 57,733
 60,547
Atlanta8,500
 8,249
 25,078
 24,756
Washington, D.C.(3)
4,209
 3,632
 11,052
 13,303
Boston1,196
 1,425
 3,797
 4,111
Los Angeles1,155
 894
 3,439
 3,336
All other office markets4,071
 23,723
 15,598
 76,111
Total office segments53,833
 69,398
 167,108
 234,679
Hotel(24) 1,301
 (914) 3,171
Corporate(364) (59) (489) (137)
Total$53,445
 $70,640
 $165,705
 $237,713
(1)
Includes NOI for 49.5% of 114 Fifth Avenue based on our ownership interest, from July 6, 2017 through September 30, 2017, which is included in equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
(2)
Includes NOI for 100.0% of 333 Market Street and University Circle through July 5, 2017. Includes NOI for 77.5% of 333 Market Street and University Circle based on our ownership interest, from July 6, 2017 through September 30, 2017, which is included in equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
(3)
Includes NOI for 51.0% of the Market Square buildings based on our ownership interest, for all periods presented. 
A reconciliation of GAAP revenues to operating revenues is presented below (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162019 2018
Total revenues$60,362
 $113,266
 $217,375
 $367,775
$75,433
 $73,710
Operating revenues included in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures(1)
22,419
 4,992
 32,905
 15,926
Asset and property management fee income(2)
(1,154) (511) (2,126) (1,655)
Operating revenues included in income from unconsolidated joint ventures(1)
28,545
 26,215
Less: asset and property management fee income(2)
(1,869) (1,759)
Total operating revenues$81,627
 $117,747
 $248,154
 $382,046
$102,109
 $98,166
(1) 
Columbia Property Trust records its interest in properties held through unconsolidated joint ventures using the equity method of accounting, and reflects its interest in the operating revenues of these properties in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
(2) 
See Note 4,11, Unconsolidated Joint VenturesNon-Lease Revenues, of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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The following table presents NOI by geographic reportable segment (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2019 2018
New York(1)
$22,806
 $24,179
San Francisco(2)
20,497
 19,554
Atlanta8,151
 8,754
Washington, D.C.(3)
8,453
 8,330
Boston1,989
 1,768
Los Angeles1,119
 1,208
All other office markets3,836
 3,291
Total office segments66,851
 67,084
Corporate(205) (225)
Total NOI$66,646
 $66,859
(1)
Includes NOI for two unconsolidated properties, 114 Fifth Avenue and 799 Broadway, based on Columbia Property Trust's ownership interest: 49.5% for 114 Fifth Avenue for all periods presented; and 49.7% for 799 Broadway from October 3, 2018 through March 31, 2019.
(2)
Includes NOI for two unconsolidated properties, 333 Market Street and University Circle, based on Columbia Property Trust's ownership interests:  77.5% from January 1, 2018 through January 31, 2018; and 55.0% from February 1, 2018 through March 31, 2019.
(3)
Includes NOI for two unconsolidated properties, Market Square and 1800 M Street, based on Columbia Property Trust's ownership interests: 51.0% for the Market Square and 55.0% for 1800 M Street for all periods presented.
A reconciliation of GAAP net income to NOI is presented below (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162019 2018
Net income$101,534
 $36,898
 $177,389
 $56,881
$3,513
 $1,498
Depreciation18,501
 26,778
 60,529
 84,517
20,404
 20,835
Amortization6,870
 11,895
 24,518
 42,902
7,461
 8,016
General and administrative - corporate7,034
 7,467
 25,003
 25,718
General and administrative - joint ventures713
 
 713
 
General and administrative – corporate8,424
 7,794
General and administrative – unconsolidated joint ventures809
 731
Net interest expense13,690
 17,116
 42,040
 52,380
12,094
 15,892
Interest income from development authority bonds(1,800) (1,800) (5,400) (5,400)
 (1,800)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt280
 18,905
 325
 18,997
Income tax expense (benefit)3
 65
 (378) 387
Gain on sale of unconsolidated joint venture interests
 (762)
Income tax expense7
 7
Asset and property management fee income(1,154) (511) (2,126) (1,655)(1,869) (1,759)
Adjustments included in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures10,139
 4,239
 18,610
 13,069
Gain on sales of real estate assets(102,365) (50,412) (175,518) (50,083)
Adjustments included in income from unconsolidated joint ventures15,803
 16,407
NOI$53,445
 $70,640
 $165,705
 $237,713
$66,646
 $66,859

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12.14.     Financial Information for Parent Guarantor, Issuer Subsidiary, and Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
The 2026 Bonds Payable and the 2025 Bonds Payable (see Note 6, Bonds Payable) were issued by Columbia Property Trust OP, and are guaranteed by Columbia Property Trust. In accordance with SEC Rule 3-10(c), Columbia Property Trust includes herein condensed consolidating financial information in lieu of separate financial statements of the subsidiary issuer (Columbia Property Trust OP), as defined in the bond indentures, because all of the following criteria are met:
(1)
The subsidiary issuer (Columbia Property Trust OP) is 100% owned by the parent company guarantor (Columbia Property Trust);
(2)The guarantee is full and unconditional; and
(3)No other subsidiary of the parent company guarantor (Columbia Property Trust) guarantees the 2026 Bonds Payable or the 2025 Bonds Payable.
Columbia Property Trust uses the equity method with respect to its investment in subsidiaries included in its condensed consolidating financial statements. We have corrected the presentation of intercompany cash transfers between the REIT Parent and its subsidiaries in the consolidating statements of cash flow. Instead of showing one amount for intercompany transfers between each entity group, intercompany transfers are broken out by cash flow type (i.e. operating, investing, and financing) for all periods presented, consistent with the equity method of accounting. All such changes are eliminated in consolidation, and therefore do not impact Columbia Property Trust's consolidated financial statement totals. Management has concluded that the effect of this correction is not material to the consolidated financial statements. This change had the following impact to the condensed consolidating statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:  increase to operating cash flows for the parent and issuer of $33.2 million and $102.4 million, respectively; and increase (decrease) in investing cash flows for the parent, issuer, and non-guarantors of $(172.8) million, $464.2 million and $482.1 million, respectively; and increase (decrease) in financing cash flows for the parent, issuer, and non-guarantors of $139.6 million, $(566.6) million and $(482.1) million, respectively. The impact to individual financial statement captions within the condensed consolidating statement of cash flows is footnoted below.
Set forth below are Columbia Property Trust's condensed consolidating balance sheets as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and December 31, 20162018, as well as its condensed consolidating statements of operations, and its condensed consolidating statements of comprehensive income, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016; and its condensed consolidating statements of cash flows for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018.

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets (in thousands):
 As of September 30, 2017
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
 Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Assets:         
Real estate assets, at cost:         
Land$
 $
 $609,110
 $
 $609,110
Buildings and improvements, net
 58
 1,704,572
 
 1,704,630
Intangible lease assets, net
 
 164,699
 
 164,699
Construction in progress
 
 49,255
 
 49,255
Total real estate assets
 58
 2,527,636
 
 2,527,694
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
 698,105
 
 
 698,105
Cash and cash equivalents359,813
 16,800
 6,117
 
 382,730
Investment in subsidiaries1,824,737
 1,007,852
 
 (2,832,589) 
Tenant receivables, net of allowance
 31
 2,783
 
 2,814
Straight-line rent receivable
 
 80,128
 
 80,128
Prepaid expenses and other assets369,358
 123,064
 15,735
 (432,355) 75,802
Intangible lease origination costs, net
 
 28,067
 
 28,067
Deferred lease costs, net
 
 127,940
 
 127,940
Investment in development authority bonds
 
 120,000
 
 120,000
Total assets$2,553,908
 $1,845,910
 $2,908,406
 $(3,264,944) $4,043,280
Liabilities:         
Line of credit and notes payable, net$
 $447,588
 $503,542
 $(430,763) $520,367
Bonds payable, net
 693,562
 
 
 693,562
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued capital expenditures2
 11,049
 118,751
 
 129,802
Due to affiliates
 
 1,592
 (1,592) 
Deferred income4
 81
 15,671
 
 15,756
Intangible lease liabilities, net
 
 9,891
 
 9,891
Obligations under capital lease
 
 120,000
 
 120,000
Total liabilities6
 1,152,280
 769,447
 (432,355) 1,489,378
Equity:         
Total equity2,553,902
 693,630
 2,138,959
 (2,832,589) 2,553,902
Total liabilities and equity$2,553,908
 $1,845,910
 $2,908,406
 $(3,264,944) $4,043,280




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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets (in thousands)
 As of December 31, 2016
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Assets:         
Real estate assets, at cost:         
Land$
 $
 $751,351
 $
 $751,351
Building and improvements, net
 219
 2,120,931
 
 2,121,150
Intangible lease assets, net
 
 193,311
 
 193,311
Construction in progress
 
 36,188
 
 36,188
Real estate assets held for sale, net
 34,956
 377,550
 
 412,506
Total real estate assets
 35,175
 3,479,331
 
 3,514,506
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
 127,346
 
 
 127,346
Cash and cash equivalents174,420
 16,509
 25,156
 
 216,085
Investment in subsidiaries2,047,922
 1,782,752
 
 (3,830,674) 
Tenant receivables, net of allowance
 
 7,163
 
 7,163
Straight-line rent receivable
 
 64,811
 
 64,811
Prepaid expenses and other assets317,153
 262,216
 15,593
 (570,687) 24,275
Intangible lease origination costs, net
 
 54,279
 
 54,279
Deferred lease costs, net
 
 125,799
 
 125,799
Investment in development authority bonds
 
 120,000
 
 120,000
Other assets held for sale, net
 3,767
 41,814
 (52) 45,529
Total assets$2,539,495
 $2,227,765
 $3,933,946
 $(4,401,413) $4,299,793
Liabilities:         
Lines of credit and notes payable, net$
 $447,643
 $704,585
 $(430,762) $721,466
Bonds payable, net
 692,972
 
 
 692,972
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued capital expenditures
 10,395
 120,633
 
 131,028
Dividends payable36,727
 
 
 
 36,727
Due to affiliates
 58
 1,534
 (1,592) 
Deferred income
 
 19,694
 
 19,694
Intangible lease liabilities, net
 
 33,375
 
 33,375
Obligations under capital leases
 
 120,000
 
 120,000
Liabilities held for sale
 2,651
 177,497
 (138,385) 41,763
Total liabilities36,727
 1,153,719
 1,177,318
 (570,739) 1,797,025
Equity:         
Total equity2,502,768
 1,074,046
 2,756,628
 (3,830,674) 2,502,768
Total liabilities and equity$2,539,495
 $2,227,765
 $3,933,946
 $(4,401,413) $4,299,793




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Consolidating Statements of Operations (in thousands)
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
 Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Revenues:         
Rental income$
 $
 $55,113
 $(98) $55,015
Tenant reimbursements
 7
 3,046
 
 3,053
Asset and property management fee income569
 
 585
 
 1,154
Other property income
 
 1,140
 
 1,140
 569
 7
 59,884
 (98) 60,362
Expenses:         
Property operating costs
 113
 18,552
 (98) 18,567
Asset and property management fees
 
 188
 
 188
Depreciation
 310
 18,191
 
 18,501
Amortization
 
 6,870
 
 6,870
General and administrative - corporate39
 1,758
 5,237
 
 7,034
General and administrative - unconsolidated joint ventures
 
 713
 
 713
 39
 2,181
 49,751
 (98) 51,873
Real estate operating income (loss)530
 (2,174) 10,133
 
 8,489
Other income (expense):         
Interest expense
 (10,702) (8,803) 4,774
 (14,731)
Interest and other income4,593
 1,220
 1,802
 (4,774) 2,841
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 
 (280) 
 (280)
 4,593
 (9,482) (7,281) 
 (12,170)
Income (loss) before income taxes and unconsolidated entities:5,123
 (11,656) 2,852
 
 (3,681)
Income tax expense
 (1) (2) 
 (3)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities96,411
 109,630
 (1) (203,187) 2,853
Income (loss) before sales of real estate assets:101,534

97,973

2,849

(203,187)
(831)
Gain on sales of real estate assets
 
 102,365
 
 102,365
Net income$101,534

$97,973

$105,214

$(203,187)
$101,534

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Consolidating Statements of Operations (in thousands)
 For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
 Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Revenues:         
Rental income$
 $956
 $86,702
 $(97) $87,561
Tenant reimbursements
 564
 16,526
 
 17,090
Hotel income
 
 6,270
 
 6,270
Asset and property management fee income245
 
 266
 
 511
Other property income
 
 1,930
 (96) 1,834
 245
 1,520
 111,694
 (193) 113,266
Expenses:         
Property operating costs
 860
 38,338
 (97) 39,101
Hotel operating costs
 
 4,946
 
 4,946
Asset and property management fee expenses:         
Related-party
 40
 
 (40) 
Other
 
 387
 
 387
Depreciation
 745
 26,033
 
 26,778
Amortization
 86
 11,809
 
 11,895
General and administrative - corporate38
 2,297
 5,188
 (56) 7,467
 38
 4,028
 86,701
 (193) 90,574
Real estate operating income (loss)207
 (2,508) 24,993
 
 22,692
Other income (expense):         
Interest expense
 (12,249) (12,256) 7,367
 (17,138)
Interest and other income3,571
 3,813
 1,822
 (7,367) 1,839
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 (18,905) 
 
 (18,905)
 3,571
 (27,341) (10,434) 
 (34,204)
Income (loss) before income taxes and unconsolidated entities:3,778
 (29,849) 14,559
 
 (11,512)
Income tax expense
 
 (65) 
 (65)
Income from subsidiaries33,120
 61,442
 
 (94,562) 
Loss from unconsolidated joint venture
 (1,937) 
 
 (1,937)
Income (loss) before sale of real estate assets:36,898
 29,656
 14,494
 (94,562) (13,514)
Gain on sale of real estate assets
 
 50,412
 
 50,412
Net income$36,898
 $29,656
 $64,906
 $(94,562) $36,898

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Consolidating Statements of Operations (in thousands)
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
 Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Revenues:         
Rental income$
 $51
 $193,551
 $(293) $193,309
Tenant reimbursements
 (59) 18,668
 
 18,609
Hotel income
 
 1,339
 
 1,339
Asset and property management fee income1,059
 
 1,067
 
 2,126
Other property income
 
 2,010
 (18) 1,992
 1,059
 (8) 216,635
 (311) 217,375
Expenses:         
Property operating costs
 241
 64,555
 (293) 64,503
Hotel operating costs
 
 2,085
 
 2,085
Asset and property management fee expenses:         
Related-party
 3
 
 (3) 
Other
 
 717
 
 717
Depreciation
 544
 59,985
 
 60,529
Amortization
 5
 24,513
 
 24,518
General and administrative - corporate135
 7,013
 17,870
 (15) 25,003
General and administrative - unconsolidated joint ventures
 
 713
 
 713
 135
 7,806
 170,438
 (311) 178,068
Real estate operating income (loss)924
 (7,814) 46,197
 
 39,307
Other income (expense):         
Interest expense
 (31,554) (27,935) 15,181
 (44,308)
Interest and other income12,923
 4,517
 5,409
 (15,181) 7,668
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 
 (325) 
 (325)
 12,923
 (27,037) (22,851) 
 (36,965)
Income (loss) before income taxes, unconsolidated entities, and sales of
real estate:
13,847
 (34,851) 23,346
 
 2,342
Income tax benefit (expense)
 (1) 379
 
 378
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities163,542
 188,832
 
 (353,223) (849)
Income before sales of real estate assets:177,389
 153,980
 23,725
 (353,223) 1,871
Gains on sales of real estate assets
 11,050
 164,468
 
 175,518
Net income$177,389
 $165,030
 $188,193
 $(353,223) $177,389

 As of March 31, 2019
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
 Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Assets:         
Real estate assets, at cost:         
Land$
 $
 $803,986
 $
 $803,986
Buildings and improvements, net
 1,633
 1,790,293
 
 1,791,926
Intangible lease assets, net
 
 64,250
 
 64,250
Construction in progress
 
 37,772
 
 37,772
Real estate assets held for sale, net
 
 145,346
 
 145,346
Total real estate assets
 1,633
 2,841,647
 
 2,843,280
Operating lease assets1,980
 
 61,849
 
 63,829
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
 1,067,905
 
 
 1,067,905
Cash and cash equivalents165
 11,768
 6,618
 
 18,551
Investment in subsidiaries2,578,461
 1,202,861
 
 (3,781,322) 
Tenant receivables
 
 3,760
 
 3,760
Straight-line rent receivable
 
 83,828
 
 83,828
Prepaid expenses and other assets140,890
 352,349
 7,309
 (469,028) 31,520
Intangible lease origination costs, net
 
 31,626
 
 31,626
Deferred lease costs, net
 
 58,932
 
 58,932
Other assets held for sale
 
 20,498
 
 20,498
Total assets$2,721,496
 $2,636,516
 $3,116,067
 $(4,250,350) $4,223,729
Liabilities:         
Line of credit and notes payable, net$
 $680,456
 $467,344
 $(467,344) $680,456
Bonds payable, net
 694,736
 
 
 694,736
Operating lease liabilities2,626
 
 32,112
 
 34,738
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued capital expenditures6
 10,628
 27,328
 
 37,962
Due to affiliates
 
 1,684
 (1,684) 
Deferred income
 
 16,943
 
 16,943
Intangible lease liabilities, net
 
 19,539
 
 19,539
Liabilities held for sale
 
 20,491
 
 20,491
Total liabilities2,632
 1,385,820
 585,441
 (469,028) 1,504,865
Equity:         
Total equity2,718,864
 1,250,696
 2,530,626
 (3,781,322) 2,718,864
Total liabilities and equity$2,721,496
 $2,636,516
 $3,116,067
 $(4,250,350) $4,223,729




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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets (in thousands):
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
 Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Revenues:         
Rental income$
 $2,669
 $278,330
 $(285) $280,714
Tenant reimbursements
 1,421
 54,130
 
 55,551
Hotel income
 
 17,484
 
 17,484
Asset and property management fee income735
 
 920
 
 1,655
Other property income
 
 12,651
 (280) 12,371
 735
 4,090
 363,515
 (565) 367,775
Expenses:         
Property operating costs
 2,360
 118,604
 (285) 120,679
Hotel operating costs
 
 14,315
 
 14,315
Asset and property management fee expenses:         
Related-party
 112
 
 (112) 
Other
 
 1,058
 
 1,058
Depreciation
 2,166
 82,351
 
 84,517
Amortization
 239
 42,663
 
 42,902
General and administrative - corporate116
 6,575
 19,195
 (168) 25,718
 116
 11,452
 278,186
 (565) 289,189
Real estate operating income (loss)619
 (7,362) 85,329
 
 78,586
Other income (expense):         
Interest expense
 (36,479) (38,071) 22,135
 (52,415)
Interest and other income10,680
 11,471
 5,436
 (22,135) 5,452
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 (18,987) (10) 
 (18,997)
 10,680
 (43,995) (32,645) 
 (65,960)
Income (loss) before income taxes, unconsolidated entities, and sales of
real estate:
11,299
 (51,357) 52,684
 
 12,626
Income tax expense
 (12) (375) 
 (387)
Income from unconsolidated entities45,582
 89,972
 
 (135,554) 
Loss from unconsolidated joint venture
 (5,441) 
 
 (5,441)
Income before sales of real estate assets:56,881
 33,162
 52,309
 (135,554) 6,798
Gain on sales of real estate assets
 
 50,083
 
 50,083
Net income$56,881
 $33,162
 $102,392
 $(135,554) $56,881
 As of December 31, 2018
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Assets:         
Real estate assets, at cost:         
Land$
 $
 $817,975
 $
 $817,975
Building and improvements, net
 1,739
 1,908,302
 
 1,910,041
Intangible lease assets, net
 
 98,540
 
 98,540
Construction in progress
 
 33,800
 
 33,800
Total real estate assets
 1,739
 2,858,617
 
 2,860,356
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
 1,071,353
 
 
 1,071,353
Cash and cash equivalents1,705
 10,573
 4,840
 
 17,118
Investment in subsidiaries2,622,528
 1,236,982
 
 (3,859,510) 
Tenant receivables, net
 
 3,258
 
 3,258
Straight-line rent receivable
 
 87,159
 
 87,159
Prepaid expenses and other assets140,797
 340,071
 11,379
 (469,029) 23,218
Intangible lease origination costs, net
 
 34,092
 
 34,092
Deferred lease costs, net
 
 77,439
 
 77,439
Total assets$2,765,030
 $2,660,718
 $3,076,784
 $(4,328,539) $4,173,993
Liabilities:         
Lines of credit and notes payable, net$
 $629,308
 $467,344
 $(467,344) $629,308
Bonds payable, net
 694,538
 
 
 694,538
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued capital expenditures674
 9,441
 39,007
 (5) 49,117
Dividends payable23,340
 
 
 
 23,340
Due to affiliates
 
 1,680
 (1,680) 
Deferred income
 
 15,593
 
 15,593
Intangible lease liabilities, net
 
 21,081
 
 21,081
Total liabilities24,014
 1,333,287
 544,705
 (469,029) 1,432,977
Equity:         
Total equity2,741,016
 1,327,431
 2,532,079
 (3,859,510) 2,741,016
Total liabilities and equity$2,765,030
 $2,660,718
 $3,076,784
 $(4,328,539) $4,173,993




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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations (in thousands):
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
 Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Revenues:         
Rental income and tenant reimbursements$
 $
 $71,862
 $
 $71,862
Asset and property management fee income912
 
 957
 
 1,869
Other property income
 
 1,702
 
 1,702
 912
 
 74,521
 
 75,433
Expenses:         
Property operating costs
 
 24,237
 
 24,237
Asset and property management fees
 
 255
 
 255
Depreciation
 171
 20,233
 
 20,404
Amortization
 
 7,461
 
 7,461
General and administrative – corporate199
 2,220
 6,005
 
 8,424
General and administrative – unconsolidated joint ventures
 
 809
 
 809
 199
 2,391
 59,000
 
 61,590
Other income (expense):         
Interest expense
 (12,095) (5,053) 5,053
 (12,095)
Interest and other income1,575
 3,478
 1
 (5,053) 1
Income tax expense
 
 (7) 
 (7)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities1,225
 14,933
 (3) (14,384) 1,771
 2,800
 6,316
 (5,062) (14,384) (10,330)
Net income$3,513

$3,925

$10,459

$(14,384)
$3,513

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations (in thousands):
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
 Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Revenues:         
Rental income and tenant reimbursements$
 $
 $70,360
 $
 $70,360
Asset and property management fee income905
 
 854
 
 1,759
Other property income
 
 1,591
 
 1,591
 905
 
 72,805
 
 73,710
Expenses:         
Property operating costs
 
 23,062
 
 23,062
Asset and property management fees
 
 208
 
 208
Depreciation
 167
 20,668
 
 20,835
Amortization
 
 8,016
 
 8,016
General and administrative – corporate198
 2,309
 5,287
 
 7,794
General and administrative – unconsolidated joint ventures
 
 731
 
 731
 198
 2,476
 57,972
 
 60,646
Other income (expense):         
Interest expense
 (12,434) (10,494) 7,033
 (15,895)
Interest and other income3,555
 3,478
 1,803
 (7,033) 1,803
Gain on sale of unconsolidated joint venture interests
 762
 
 
 762
Income tax expense
 
 (7) 
 (7)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities(2,764) 9,194
 
 (4,659) 1,771
 791

1,000

(8,698)
(4,659)
(11,566)
Net income (loss)$1,498

$(1,476)
$6,135

$(4,659)
$1,498

















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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income (in thousands):
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Net income$101,534
 $97,973
 $105,214
 $(203,187) $101,534
$3,513
 $3,925
 $10,459
 $(14,384) $3,513
Market value adjustments to interest
rate swaps
148
 148
 
 (148) 148
(1,431) (1,431) 
 1,431
 (1,431)
Comprehensive income$101,682
 $98,121
 $105,214
 $(203,335) $101,682
$2,082
 $2,494
 $10,459
 $(12,953) $2,082
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
 Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
 Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Net income$36,898
 $29,656
 $64,906
 $(94,562) $36,898
$1,498
 $(1,476) $6,135
 $(4,659) $1,498
Market value adjustments to interest
rate swaps
1,250
 1,250
 
 (1,250) 1,250
2,514
 2,514
 
 (2,514) 2,514
Comprehensive income$38,148
 $30,906
 $64,906
 $(95,812) $38,148
$4,012
 $1,038
 $6,135
 $(7,173) $4,012

 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Net income$177,389
 $165,030
 $188,193
 $(353,223) $177,389
Market value adjustments to interest
rate swaps
146
 146
 
 (146) 146
Comprehensive income$177,535
 $165,176
 $188,193
 $(353,369) $177,535
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia
 Property
Trust OP 
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Net income$56,881
 $33,162
 $102,392
 $(135,554) $56,881
Market value adjustments to interest
rate swaps
(5,629) (5,629) 
 5,629
 (5,629)
Comprehensive income (loss)$51,252
 $27,533
 $102,392
 $(129,925) $51,252








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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia Property Trust OP
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 Eliminations Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia Property Trust OP
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 Consolidating Adjustments Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Cash flows from operating activities$168,209
 $151,932
 $80,195
 $(353,221) $47,115
$4,638
 $2,948
 $41,877
 $(14,384) $35,079
Cash flows from investing activities:                  
Net proceeds from sale of real estate
 49,531
 688,100
 
 737,631
Investment in real estate and related assets(52,000) (630) (72,829) 
 (125,459)(13,701) 
 (20,951) 
 (34,652)
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
 (123,149) 
 
 (123,149)
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
 (6,528) 
 
 (6,528)
Distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures
 1,411
 
 
 1,411

 5,672
 
 
 5,672
Distributions from subsidiaries237,835
 330,939
 
 (568,774) 
56,640
 7,313
 
 (63,953) 
Net cash provided by investing activities185,835
 258,102
 615,271
 (568,774) 490,434
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities42,939
 6,457
 (20,951) (63,953) (35,508)
Cash flows from financing activities:                  
Borrowings, net of fees
 (628) 
 
 (628)
 73,979
 
 
 73,979
Repayments
 
 (201,625) 
 (201,625)
 (23,000) 
 
 (23,000)
Distributions(109,561) (409,115) (512,880) 921,995
 (109,561)(46,716) (59,189) (19,148) 78,337
 (46,716)
Repurchases of common stock(59,090) 
 
 
 (59,090)(2,401) 
 
 
 (2,401)
Net cash used in financing activities(168,651) (409,743) (714,505) 921,995
 (370,904)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(49,117) (8,210) (19,148) 78,337
 1,862
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents185,393
 291
 (19,039) 
 166,645
(1,540) 1,195
 1,778
 
 1,433
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning
of period
174,420
 16,509
 25,156
 
 216,085
1,705
 10,573
 4,840
 
 17,118
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$359,813
 $16,800
 $6,117
 $
 $382,730
$165
 $11,768
 $6,618
 $
 $18,551


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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia Property Trust OP
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 Eliminations Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Columbia Property Trust
(Parent)
(Guarantor)
 
Columbia Property Trust OP
(the Issuer)
 
Non-
Guarantors
 Consolidating Adjustments Columbia Property Trust
(Consolidated)
Cash flows from operating activities$33,797
 $63,440
 $188,021
 $(135,554) $149,704
$708
 $(5,326) $19,389
 $
 $14,771
Cash flows from investing activities:                  
Net proceeds from sales of real estate(1)

 
 482,089
 
 482,089
Net proceeds from sale of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
 235,083
 
 
 235,083
Investment in real estate and related assets
 (1,552) (52,608) 
 (54,160)
 
 (23,877) 
 (23,877)
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
 (12,351) 
 
 (12,351)
Distributions from subsidiaries(2)
309,308
 464,171
 
 (773,479) 
Net cash provided by investing activities309,308
 450,268
 429,481

(773,479) 415,578
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
 (1,541) 
 
 (1,541)
Distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures
 2,976
 
 
 2,976
Distributions from subsidiaries75,935
 (9,988) 
 (65,947) 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities75,935
 226,530
 (23,877)
(65,947) 212,641
Cash flows from financing activities:                  
Debt prepayment and interest rate swap settlement costs paid(3)

 (17,921) 
 
 (17,921)
Borrowings, net of fees(4)

 780,580
 
 
 780,580

 108,983
 
 
 108,983
Repayments(5)

 (952,000) (43,070) 
 (995,070)
 (247,000) (814) 
 (247,814)
Distributions(6)
(148,474) (329,993) (579,040) 909,033
 (148,474)(47,819) (77,811) 11,864
 65,947
 (47,819)
Repurchases of common stock(26,186) 
 
 
 (26,186)(29,261) 
 
 
 (29,261)
Net cash used in financing activities(174,660) (519,334) (622,110)
909,033
 (407,071)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(77,080) (215,828) 11,050

65,947
 (215,911)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents168,445
 (5,626) (4,608)

 158,211
(437) 5,376
 6,562


 11,501
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning
of period
989
 14,969
 16,687
 
 32,645
692
 5,079
 3,796
 
 9,567
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$169,434
 $9,343
 $12,079

$
 $190,856
$255
 $10,455
 $10,358

$
 $21,068
(1)

Net proceeds from sales of real estate increased (decreased) by $(482.1) million and $482.1 million for the parent and non-guarantors, respectively.
(2)
Distributions from subsidiaries increased (decreased) by $309.3 million, $464.2 million, and $(773.5) million for the parent, issuer, and eliminations, respectively.
(3)
Debt prepayments and interest rate swap settlement costs paid increased (decreased) by $17.9 million and $(17.9) million for the parent and issuer, respectively.
(4)
Borrowings, net of fees increased (decreased) by $(348.7) million and $348.7 million for the parent and issuer, respectively.
(5)
Repayments increased (decreased) by $250.0 million and $(250.0) million for the parent and issuer, respectively.
(6)
Distributions (increased) decreased by $(330.0) million, $(579.0) million, and $909.0 million, for the issuer, non-guarantors, and eliminations, respectively. The intercompany transfers, net line item is no longer presented based on the changes to the other line items described herein.



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13.15.     Subsequent EventsEvent
Columbia Property Trust has evaluated subsequent events in connection with the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this report on Form 10-Q, and notednotes that the following in addition to those disclosed elsewhere in this report:
Acquisitionsale of 245-249 West 17th StreetOne & 218 West 18th Street, as described inThree Glenlake Parkway closed on April 15, 2019. See Note 3, Real Estate Transactions; and, for additional details.
Acquisition of investment in 1800 M Street through a joint venture, as described in Note 3, Real Estate Transactions.



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ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our accompanying consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) and the "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" preceding Part I of this report, as well as our consolidated financial statements (and the notes thereto) and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 20162018 Form 10-K.
Executive Summary
Our primary strategic objective is to generate long-term shareholderstockholder returns from a combination of growing cash flows and appreciation in the values of our properties, by owning and operating high-quality office properties principally located in certain high-barrier-to-entry markets. We concentrate onOur approach is to own office buildings that are competitive within the top tier of their markets or that will be repositioned as such through value-add initiatives. In addition, our investment objectives include optimizing our portfolio allocation between stabilized investments and more growth-oriented, value-add investments, and development projects with an emphasis on central business districts and multi-tenant buildings.
We recently completed Over the past several years, we have undertaken a multi-year capital recycling program that involved selling more than 50 properties in geographically dispersed markets for aggregate proceeds of $3.6$4.0 billion, and reinvestedincluding the following recent transactions:
In April 2019, we sold One & Three Glenlake Parkway in Atlanta for a gross sale price of $227.5 million, which we expect to result in a gain in the second quarter of 2019.
In October 2018, we acquired a 49.7% interest in a joint venture that will develop a 12-story, 182,000-square-foot office building at 799 Broadway in New York.
In May 2018, we sold 222 East 41st Street in New York, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Boston. Duringafter releasing the second half of 2017, we executed the following transactions:
On July 6, 2017, we formedproperty to a strategic partnership with Allianz to increase our scale in key markets on a leverage-neutral basis. We consummated the partnership by simultaneously selling partial interests in two of our San Francisco properties, 333 Market Street and University Circle, to Allianzsingle tenant for $234.0 million, and by acquiring a partial interest in 114 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan from Allianz30 years, for $108.9$332.5 million. 
On October 11, 2017,In March 2019, we acquiredentered into a 55% interest in 1800 M Street,contract with a 10-storyjoint venture partner to purchase a 16-story, 235,000-square-foot office building in Washington, D.C.,Manhattan for $231.6 million through a joint venture with Allianz.
On October 11, 2017, we acquired 245-249 West 17th Street, two interconnected 12- and 6-story towers totaling 281,000 square feet of office and retail space, and 218 West 18th Street, a 12-story, 166,000-square-foot office building, in New York for $514.1 million.
full-scale redevelopment project. We are also under contractcontinuing to purchase 149 Madison Avenue in New York, a 12-story, 127,000-square-foot office building, with closing expected later this year, and plan to fully redevelop this property as modern boutique office space. We will continue toactively pursue additional strategic investment opportunities in our target markets, including additional joint investments with Allianz, as well asand selective property dispositions.dispositions in non-target markets.
Leasing continues to be a key area of focus for both vacant space and upcoming expirations. Through the first nine months of 2017, we haveOur portfolio is 97.1% leased, 783,000 square feet of space and addressed somewith less than 2% of our most significant near-term expirations and vacancies:
At University Circle, we executed a 5-year, 119,000-square-foot lease renewal with DLA Piper in Septemberleases scheduled to extend the lease to June 2023 and address our most significant 2018 expiration. At 650 California Street, we executed an eight-year, 86,000-square-foot lease with Affirm in April; a 22,000-square-foot renewal and expansion with an existing tenant in April;expire this year and a 12-year, 61,000-square-foot lease with WeWorksubstantial majority of our revenues generated from properties in February.
In New York, at 229 West 43rd Street, we amended Snap Inc.'s lease in February to expand its space by 26,000 square feet to a total of 121,000 square feet, and to extend the lease to 2027; and at 315 Park Avenue South, executed a 17,000-square-foot lease expansion with Bustle Media Group.
In Atlanta, at One Glenlake, we executed a 10-year, 66,000-square-foot lease in April, and an 11-year, 40,000-square-foot lease renewal and expansion in June along with several smaller leases during the second quarter to bring the building to 100% leased at quarter end.
our high-barrier target markets. We continue to maintain a strong and flexible balance sheet with an emphasis onsheet. In December 2018, we amended and restated our $500 million unsecured borrowings, with weighted-averagerevolving credit facility and $300 million unsecured term loan, resulting in a $950 million combined credit facility. The amended and restated facility extended maturities, lowered interest costs, and increased the Revolving Credit Facility from $500 million to $650 million. Further, the new $300 million term loan is currently undrawn and includes a delayed-draw feature, which allows for us to fully draw the term loan by December 7, 2019. As of 6.2 yearsMarch 31, 2019, our debt-to-real-estate-asset ratio is 33.2%(1)(2); 92%(1), weighted-average of our portfolio is unencumbered by mortgages; and our weighted average cost of borrowing of 3.63%during the quarter is 3.85%(1) per annum,annum. Our debt maturities are laddered, coming due in three to six years, and an unencumbered pool$683.0 million of assets as a percentage of gross real estate assets of 91%(1). Our stock repurchase program allows usour unsecured borrowings can be repaid prior to take advantage of market opportunities frommaturity without penalty.
From time to time when we believe our stock is undervalued. In the third quarterundervalued, we may take advantage of 2017, we repurchased $30.1 million of our common stock (1.4 million shares at an average price of $21.02 per share). To date, undermarket opportunities by using our stock repurchase programs, we have repurchased an aggregateprogram to buy shares and return capital to our stockholders. As of $121.4March 31, 2019, $124.4 million of common stock at an average price of $21.85 per share.remains available under our current repurchase program.
(1) 
Statistics include our ownership interest in the gross real estate assets and debt at properties held through unconsolidated joint ventures as described in Note 4, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, of the accompanying financial statements; and exclude the 263 Shuman mortgage note, which expired in July 2017. We are in the process of transferring the property to the lender.statements.
(2)
On a net basis (i.e., reduced for cash on hand), our debt-to-real-estate-asset ratio is 32.3%.

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Key Performance Indicators
Our operating results depend primarily upon the level of income generated by the leases at our properties. Occupancy and rental rates are criticalkey drivers of our lease income. Over the last year, our quarter-end average portfolio percentage leased ranged from 90.6%96.8% at DecemberMarch 31, 20162018 to 95.1%97.1% at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. The following table sets forth details related to the financial impact of our recent leasing activities which drive changes infor properties we own directly and based on our rental revenues:proportionate share of properties owned through unconsolidated joint ventures:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162019 2018
Total number of leases11
 11
 46
 32
13
 17
Square feet of leasing renewal(1)
109,979
 92,625
 314,915
 253,099
3,925
 18,146
Square feet of leasing new(1)
41,236
 34,388
 430,565
 530,653
63,291
 97,014
Total square feet of leasing151,215
 127,013
 745,480
 783,752
67,216
 115,160
Lease term (months)74
 82
 98
 341
130
 96
Tenant improvements, per square foot renewal
$32.31
 $50.85
 $40.58
 $38.66
$102.91
 $33.47
Tenant improvements, per square foot new
$73.62
 $31.36
 $82.62
 $168.18
$91.72
 $62.78
Tenant improvements, per square foot all leases
$43.84
 $44.59
 $68.73
 $161.51
$92.01
 $60.87
Leasing commissions, per square foot renewal
$12.49
 $16.98
 $13.81
 $13.88
$23.53
 $6.76
Leasing commissions, per square foot new
$31.77
 $24.07
 $21.80
 $43.70
$69.87
 $29.84
Leasing commissions, per square foot all leases
$17.87
 $19.25
 $19.16
 $42.16
$68.65
 $27.96
          
Rent leasing spread – renewal(2)(1)
117.3% 26.3% 85.1% 25.8%% 11.2%
Rent leasing spread – new(3)(1)
79.3% n/a
 121.9% 18.9%65.8% 66.2%
Rent leasing spread – all leases(3)(1)
106.9% 26.3% 103.5% 19.2%61.7% 63.2%
(1) 
Includes our proportionate share of renewal and new leasing at properties owned through unconsolidated joint ventures.
(2)
Rent leasing spreads for renewal leases are calculated based on the change in base rental income measured on a straight-line basis.
(3)
Rent leasing spreadsbasis; and, for new leases, are calculated only forinclude space that has been vacant for less than one year, and are measured on a straight-line basis.year.
In 2017,Current-quarter rent leasing spreads have been significantly positive (106.9%(positive 61.7%) and 103.5%lease commissions ($68.65 per square foot) primarily relate to a new 3,500-square-foot retail lease at 315 Park Avenue South in New York, offset by other leasing across our portfolio; and current quarter tenant improvement costs for lease renewals ($102.91 per square foot) primarily relate to a 3,000-square-foot lease at Market Square, measured at our proportionate share. For the three- and nine-month period ended September 30, 2017, respectively) due to extending the 119,000-square-foot lease with DLA Piper at University Circle in San Francisco and leasing 205,000 square feet at 650 California Street in San Francisco to several tenants. The leasing at 650 California Street has required significant tenant improvements; however, the net economic impactfirst three months of leasing at 650 California Street is favorable. In 2016,2018, rent leasing spreads were positive (26.3% and 19.2% for the three- and nine- month period ended September 30, 2016) and tenant improvements per square foot were higher(63.2%) primarily due to a 390,000-square-foot, 30-yearnew 27,000-square-foot lease at our 222 East 41st218 West 18th Street Property and a 130,000-square-foot lease renewal at our SanTan Corporate Center property in Phoenix, Arizona.New York. Over the next 12 months, approximately 95,000131,000 square feet of leases at our operating properties (approximately 1.9%2.5% of our portfolio, based on revenues) are scheduled to expire.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Cash flows generated from the operation of our properties are primarily used to fund recurring expenditures and stockholder dividends. The amount of distributions to common stockholders is determined by our board of directors and is dependent upon a number of factors, including funds deemed available for distribution based principally on our current and future projected operating cash flows, reduced by capital requirements necessary to maintain our existing portfolio. In determining the amount of distributions to common stockholders, we also considerportfolio, our future capital needs, and future sources of liquidity, as well as the annual distribution requirements necessary to maintain our status as a REIT under the Code. Investments in new property acquisitions and first-generation capital improvements are generally funded with capital proceeds from property sales, debt, or cash on hand. In order to adjust to a payout level consistent with our current investment objectives, beginning with the first quarter of 2017, ourOur board of directors elected to reduce the quarterly stockholder distribution rate from $0.30 per share tomaintain a $0.20 per share, and maintained thisdividend rate for the second and third quartersfirst quarter of 2017. We have transformed the composition of our portfolio by selling suburban assets and reinvesting in assets in high-barrier-to-entry markets, which offer lower initial yields and higher potential for growth over time. We believe this dividend rate is sustainable over the near and medium term and offers the potential for growth over the long term.2019.

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Short-termShort-Term Liquidity and Capital Resources
During the ninefirst three months ended September 30, 2017,of 2019, we generated net cash flows from operating activities of $47.1$35.1 million, which consistedconsists primarily of receipts from tenants for rent and reimbursements, reduced by payments for operating costs, administrative expenses, interest expense, and interest expense.lease inducements. During the same period, we paid total distributions to stockholders of $109.6$46.7 million, which included dividend payments for threetwo quarters ($36.723.3 million for the fourth quarter of 20162018 and an aggregate of $72.9$23.4 million for the first three quartersquarter of 2017)2019). Primarily, as a result of paying two dividends in the current period, distributions to stockholders exceeded cash flows from operating activities for the first quarter of 2019.

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During the ninefirst three months ended September 30, 2017,of 2019, we sold five wholly owned properties and partial interests in two additional properties fordrew $51.0 million of net proceeds of $737.6 million. Weborrowings on our Revolving Credit Facility, which were used these proceeds to fund the early repayment of mortgage notes of $201.6 million, the purchase of an interest in 114 Fifth Avenue for $112.5 million, deposits of $52.0 million for acquisitions, leasing and capital projects, including those at our joint ventures, of $84.1$27.5 million; and an earnest money deposit of $13.7 million, and share repurchases of $59.1 million. In October 2017, we reinvested the remaining proceeds in 245-249 West 17th Street and 218 West 18threlated to a joint venture that will redevelop 250 Church Street in New York and an interest in 1800 M Street in Washington, D.C., as described in Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.York.
Over the short-term,short term, we expect our primary sources of capital and liquidity to be operating cash flows, additional proceeds from our joint ventures with Allianz,select property dispositions, and future debt financings.debt. We expect that our principal demands for funds will be property acquisitions, development and redevelopment costs, capital improvements to our existing portfolio, stockholder distributions, stock repurchases, stockholder distributions, operating expenses, and interest and principal payments on current and maturing debt.payments. As of October 23, 2017, after closing on the acquisitions of 245-249 West 17th Street and 218 West 18th Street in New York and an interest in 1800 M Street in Washington, D.C.,April 22, 2019, we have access to $140.0$308.0 million under our Revolving Credit Facility.Facility and $300.0 million under our delayed-draw term loan. We believe that we will have adequate liquidity and capital resources to meet our current obligations as they come due. We are in the process of evaluating various options for refinancing our line of credit borrowings.
Long-termLong-Term Liquidity and Capital Resources
Over the long term, we expect that our primary sources of capital will include operating cash flows, borrowing proceeds, and select property dispositions.dispositions, and borrowing proceeds. We expect that our primary uses of capital will continue to include stockholder distributions; acquisitions; development and redevelopment costs; capital expenditures, such as building improvements, tenant improvements, and leasing costs; and repaying or refinancing debt.
Consistent with our financing objectives and operational strategy, over the long term, we continue to maintain nethave generally maintained debt levels historicallyof less than 40% of the undepreciated costs of our assets. As of March 31, 2019, our debt-to-real-estate-asset ratio was approximately 33.2%. Our debt-to-real-estate-asset ratio includes our share of joint venture real estate assets and debt, as well as basis adjustments related to joint venture real estate assets.
As described below, our variable rate indebtedness may use LIBOR as a benchmark for establishing the rate. LIBOR is the subject of recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. These reforms and other pressures may cause LIBOR to disappear entirely or to perform differently than in the past. The consequences of these developments cannot be entirely predicted but could include an increase in the cost of our assets over the long term. As of September 30, 2017,variable rate indebtedness. If LIBOR is no longer widely available, or otherwise at our net-debt-to-real-estate-asset ratio was approximately 25.5%, which includesoption, our 51% interest in the debt and real estate of the Market Square Joint Venture. Our net-debt-to-real-estate-asset ratio is calculated using our debt balance, net of cash on hand, and real estate at cost.
Revolving Credit Facility and term loan facilities provide for alternate interest rate calculations. 
TheUnsecured Bank Debt
Our Revolving Credit Facility has a capacity of $500.0$650.0 million and matures in July 2019,January 2023, with two six-month extension options. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we had no$533.0 million in outstanding borrowings on the Revolving Credit Facility. After acquisitions that have closed since September 30, 2017, as described in Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we have outstanding borrowings of $360.0 million on our Revolving Credit Facility as of October 23, 2017. Amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at LIBOR, plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.875%0.775% to 1.55%1.45% for LIBOR borrowings, or an alternate base rate, plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.55%0.45% for base-ratebase rate borrowings, based on our applicable credit rating. The per-annumper annum facility fee on the aggregate revolving commitment (used or unused) ranges from 0.125% to 0.30%, also based on our applicable credit rating. Additionally, we have the ability to increase the capacity of the Revolving Credit Facility, along with the $300 Million Term Loan, whichas described below, provides for four accordion options for an aggregate additional amount of up to $400$500 million, subject to certain limitations.
Term Loans
TheOur $300 Million Term Loan matures in January 2024 and bears interest, at our option, at either (i) LIBOR, plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.85% to 1.65% for LIBOR loans, or (ii) an alternate base rate, plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.65% for base rate loans, based on our applicable credit rating. The per annum facility fee on the aggregate term loan commitment (used or unused) ranges from 0.125% to 0.30%, also based on our applicable credit rating. As of March 31, 2019, the $300 million term loan remained undrawn and includes a delayed-draw feature, which allows us until December 7, 2019 to fully draw the term loan.
Our $150.0 million unsecured term loan matures in July 2020 and, along with the Revolving Credit Facility, provides for four accordion options for an aggregate amount of up to $400 million, subject to certain conditions. The $3002022 (the "$150 Million Term LoanLoan") and bears interest, at our option, at either (i) LIBOR, plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.90% to 1.75% for LIBOR loans, or (ii) an alternatealternative base rate, plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.75% for base-rate loans, based on our applicable credit rating.
The $150 million term loan matures in July 2022 (the "$150 Million Term Loan"). The $150 Million Term Loan incurred interest, at our option, at either (i) LIBOR, plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.90% to 1.75% for LIBOR loans, or (ii) an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.75% for base-rate loans. The interest rate on the $150 Million Term Loan is effectively fixed at 3.07% with an interest rate swap agreement, on the LIBOR component of the rate, which is designated as a cash flow hedge.

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Based on the terms of the interest rate swap and our current credit rating, the interest rate on the $150 Million Term Loan is effectively fixed at 3.07%.
Bonds Payable
In August 2016, we issued $350.0 million of 10-year unsecured 3.650% senior notes at 99.626% of their face value. We received proceeds from the 2026 Bonds Payable, net of fees, of $346.4 million, which were used to prepay our $250 million 2018 Bonds Payable, originally due in April of 2018. The 2026 Bonds Payable require semi-annual interest payments in February and August, based on a contractual annual interest rate of 3.650%. The principal amount of the 2026 Bonds Payable is due and payable on the maturity date, August 15, 2026.
In March 2015, we issued $350.0 million of 10-year unsecured 4.150% senior notes at 99.859% of their face value. We received proceeds from the 2025 Bonds Payable, net of fees, of $347.2 million. The 2025 Bonds Payable require semi-annual interest payments in April and October, based on a contractual annual interest rate of 4.150%. The principal amount of the 2025 Bonds Payable is due and payable on the maturity date, April 1, 2025.

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Debt Covenants  
Our mortgage debt, theThe $300 Million Term Loan, the $150 Million Term Loan, the Revolving Credit Facility, the 2026 Bonds Payable, and the 2025 Bonds Payable contain certain covenants and restrictions that require us to meet certain financial ratios. We believe we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019. We expect to continue to be able to meet the requirements of our debt covenants over the next 12 months.
Contractual Commitments and Contingencies
As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, our contractual obligations will become payable in the following periods (in thousands):
Contractual Obligations Total 2017 2018-2019 2020-2021 Thereafter Total 2019 2020-2021 2022-2023 Thereafter
Debt obligations(1)
 $1,388,728
 $49,802
(2) 
 $23,176
 $300,000
 $1,015,750
 $1,599,980
 $
 $51,230
 $848,750
 $700,000
Interest obligations on debt(3)(2)
 315,748
 12,157
 95,752
 84,660
 123,179
 319,026
 48,674
 128,060
 89,004
 53,288
Capital lease obligations(4)
 120,000
 
 
 120,000
 
Operating lease obligations(5)
 206,461
 661
 5,342
 5,342
 195,116
Operating lease obligations(3)
 1,361,539
 6,332
 17,124
 17,388
 1,320,695
Total $2,030,937
 $62,620
 $124,270
 $510,002
 $1,334,045
 $3,280,545
 $55,006
 $196,414
 $955,142
 $2,073,983
(1) 
Includes 51%our ownership share of the debt and interest obligations for the Market Square Joint Venture and the 799 Broadway Joint Venture, which we own through an unconsolidated joint venture.ventures. The Market Square Joint Venture holdshas a $325$325.0 million mortgage noteloan on the Market Square Buildings, bearingwhich bears interest at 5.07% and maturingmatures on July 1, 2023. We own a 51% interest in the Market Square Joint Venture. The 799 Broadway Joint Venture has $103.1 million outstanding on a construction loan, which has a total capacity of $187.0 million; bears interest at LIBOR, capped at 4.00%, plus 4.25%; and matures on October 9, 2021. We own a 49.7% interest in the 799 Broadway Joint Venture. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we guarantee $11.2$4.0 million of the Market Square Buildings mortgage noteloan, and under the 799 Broadway construction loan agreement, we guarantee equity contributions of $23.7 million to be made to the joint venture (see Note 7, Commitments &and Contingencies, to the accompanying financial statements). None of our other joint-venture owned properties carry a mortgage note.
(2)
2017 debt obligations includes the $49.0 million 263 Shuman mortgage note, which matured in July 2017. We are in the process of working to transfer this property to the lender in settlement of the mortgage note.
(3) 
Interest obligations on variable-rate debt are measured at the rate at which they are effectively fixed with interest rate swap agreements (where applicable). or the rate in effect as of March 31, 2019. Interest obligations on all other debt instruments are measured at the contractual rate. See Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk, for more information regarding our interest rate swaps.
(4)
Amounts include principal obligations only. We made interest payments on these obligations of $5.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, all of which were funded with interest income earned on the corresponding investments in development authority bonds. These obligations will be fully satisfied at maturity with equivalent investments in development authority bonds.
(5)(3) 
ReflectsThese obligations are related to ground leases at certain properties, including 49.5% of the ground lease obligation at 114 Fifth Avenue, based on our ownership interest in the unconsolidated joint venture that owns that property, as described inwell as our corporate office lease. See Note 2,10, Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesLeases., for additional information. In addition to the amounts shown, certain lease agreements include provisions that, at the option of the tenant, may obligate us to expend capital to expand an existing property or provide other expenditures for the benefit of the tenant, including a remaining commitment to contribute $61.1 million toward leasehold improvements.tenant.


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Results of Operations
Overview
As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, our portfolio of 1618 operating properties and two properties under development or redevelopment was approximately 95.1%97.1% leased. For the periods presented, our operating results are impacted by investing activity as set forth below. In the near term, we expect real estate operating income to vary, primarily based on investing and leasing activities.
Dispositions      
Property Location Rentable Square Footage Transaction Date 
Sale Price(1)
(in thousands)
2017        
Allianz Joint Ventures:   1,108,000
 July 6, 2017 $234,000
22.5% of University Circle(2)
 San Francisco, CA 451,000
    
22.5% of 333 Market Street(2)
 San Francisco, CA 657,000
    
Key Center Tower & Marriott Cleveland, OH 1,326,000
 January 31, 2017 $267,500
Houston Properties Sale:   1,187,000
 January 6, 2017 $272,000
5 Houston Center Houston, TX 581,000
    
Energy Center I Houston, TX 332,000
    
515 Post Oak Houston, TX 274,000
    
2016        
SanTan Corporate Center Phoenix, AZ 267,000
 December 15, 2016 $58,500
Sterling Commerce Dallas, TX 310,000
 November 30, 2016 $51,000
9127 South Jamaica Street Denver, CO 108,000
 October 12, 2016 $19,500
80 Park Plaza Newark, NJ 961,000
 September 30, 2016 $174,500
9189, 9191 & 9193 South Jamaica Street Denver, CO 370,000
 September 22, 2016 $122,000
800 North Frederick Suburban MD 393,000
 July 8, 2016 $48,000
100 East Pratt Baltimore, MD 653,000
 March 31, 2016 $187,000
(1)
Exclusive of transaction costs and price adjustments.
(2)
Columbia Property Trust retains a 77.5% ownership interest in both University Circle and 333 Market Street through unconsolidated joint ventures.
Acquisitions           
Property Location Rentable Square Feet Transaction Date 
Purchase Price(1)
(in thousands)
 Location % Acquired Rentable Square Feet Transaction Date 
Purchase Price(1)
(in thousands)
2017    
49.5% of 114 Fifth Avenue(2)
 New York, NY 352,000
 July 6, 2017 $108,900
2018       
799 Broadway New York, NY 49.7% 182,000
 October 3, 2018 $30,200
(2) 
Lindbergh Center – Retail Atlanta, GA 100.0% 147,000
 October 24, 2018 $23,000
 
(1) 
Exclusive of transaction costs and purchase price adjustments.
(2) 
Columbia Property Trust holds
Purchase price is for our partial interests in the properties. These properties are owned through unconsolidated joint ventures. Please refer to Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, and Note 4, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for more information.
Dispositions         
Property Location % Sold Rentable Square Feet Transaction Date 
Sales Price(1)
(in thousands)
2018           
222 East 41st Street New York, NY 100.0% 390,000
 May 29, 2018 $332,500
 
263 Shuman Boulevard Chicago, IL 100.0% 354,000
 April 13, 2018 $49,000
(2) 
University Circle and 333 Market Street Joint Ventures(3)
 San Francisco, CA 22.5% 1,108,000
 February 1, 2018 $235,300
 
(1)
Exclusive of transaction costs and price adjustments.
(2)
Reflects the principal balance of the 263 Shuman Boulevard mortgage note, which was extinguished by transferring the property to the lender in the second quarter of 2018.
(3)
After the closing of this transaction, we retain a 49.5%55.0% ownership interest in 114 Fifth Avenueboth University Circle and 333 Market Street through an unconsolidated joint venture.ventures.
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 withMarch 31, 2019 With the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2018
Rental income was $55.0and tenant reimbursements were $71.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, which represents a decreaseslight increase as compared with $87.6$70.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease is primarily due to dispositionsMarch 31, 2018, as additional revenues from recent leasing ($24.65.1 million) and the transferacquisition of University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint venturesLindbergh Center – Retail ($12.20.8 million), partially were offset by our lease with NYU Langone Medical atthe impact of the prior-year sale of 222 East 41st Street ($4.3 4.5 million). 222 East 41st Street was vacant during the prior year period as the full building was prepared for the lease with NYU Langone Medical that commenced in October 2016. We expect future rental income to vary based on recent and future investing and leasing activities.
Tenant reimbursements and property operating costs were $3.1 million and $18.6 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, which reflects corresponding decreases as compared with $17.1 million and $39.1 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in tenant reimbursements is primarily due to dispositions ($11.7 million) and the transfer of University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint ventures ($2.6 million). The decrease in property operating costs is primarily due to dispositions ($17.6 million), the new net lease at 222 East 41st Street ($3.1 million), and

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transferring University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint ventures ($1.9 million). Tenant reimbursements and property operating costs are expected to vary with leasing activity and changes in our portfolio.
Hotel income, net of hotel operating costs, was $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The Key Center Marriott was sold on January 31, 2017.
Asset and property management fee income was $1.2relatively stable at $1.9 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, which represents an increase as compared with $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. In the current year period, we provided assetMarch 31, 2019 and property management services to the Market Square Joint Venture and the San Francisco Joint Ventures, since their formation in July 2017. In the prior year period, such services were provided only to the Market Square Joint Venture.2018, respectively. We anticipateexpect asset and property management fee income to increaseremain at similar levels in the near term as a result of the newly formed 1800 M Street Joint Venture (see Note 4, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures).term.
Other property income was $1.1also relatively stable at $1.7 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, which represents a decrease as compared with $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to earning less income from lease terminations in 2017 ($1.5 million), partially offset by increased reimbursements from unconsolidated joint ventures ($0.8 million).March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Other property operating income is expected to vary in the future, based on additional future joint venture activities and lease restructuring activities.restructurings.
Property operating costs were $24.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which represents a slight increase as compared with $23.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, respectively. The increase is primarily due to property and other taxes ($1.1 million), other operating cost increases across our same store portfolio ($1.2 million), and the acquisition of Lindbergh Center – Retail ($0.6 million), which are offset by the impact of dispositions ($1.8 million). Property operating costs are expected to vary with future leasing activity and changes in our portfolio.
Asset and property management fee expenses were $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which represents a slight increase as compared with $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, which represents a decrease as compared with $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2018, primarily due to the saleacquisition of the Key

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Lindbergh Center Marriott in January 2017 ($0.2 million).– Retail. Future asset and property management fee expenses are expected to remain stable in the near term, and may increase as a result of future investing activity.activities.
Depreciation was $18.5$20.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, which represents a slight decrease as compared with $26.8$20.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018. The decrease is primarily due toimpact of the prior-year dispositions ($5.21.1 million) and transferring University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint ventureswas partially offset by capital projects across the portfolio ($2.80.7 million). Depreciation is expected to vary based on recent and future investing activity.activities and capital projects.
Amortization was $6.9$7.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, which represents a decrease as compared with $11.9$8.0 million for the three monthsmonths ended September 30, 2016. The decrease is March 31, 2018, primarily due to dispositionslease terminations and extensions ($2.1 million), intangible lease assets written off due to the early termination or expiration of leases ($1.7 million), and transferring University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint ventures ($1.10.6 million). We eexpecxpectt future amortization to vary, based on recent and future investing activity.and leasing activities.
Effective July 1, 2017, we began to allocate certain generalGeneral and administrative corporate expenses to unconsolidated joint ventures based on the time incurred to manage assets owned by our unconsolidated joint ventures. The method for measuring aggregate general and administrative expenses has not changed, and total general and administrative expenses remained relatively stable at $7.7 million and $7.5were $8.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  General and administrative expenses - corporate decreased to $7.0March 31, 2019, which represents an increase from $7.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 from $7.5 million forMarch 31, 2018, primarily due to compensation costs related to expanding our team in the three months ended September 30, 2016;second half of 2018 ($0.4 million) and generaladditional insurance costs ($0.3 million). General and administrative corporate expenses -are expected to remain at similar levels in the near term.
General and administrative – unconsolidated joint ventures increased toexpenses were relatively stable at $0.8 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 from $0.0March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Future general and administrative unconsolidated joint ventures expenses are expected to vary as a result of future investing activities.
Interest expense was $12.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.
Interest expense was $14.7March 31, 2019, which represents a decrease from $15.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2018. The decrease results from prior-year debt repayments and settlements ($3.3 million), the settlement of a capital lease obligation using the corresponding development authority bonds ($1.8 million), and interest capitalization ($0.3 million), which represents a decrease as compared with $17.1 million forare partially offset by the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily duenet impact of using our Revolving Credit Facility to mortgage note payoffspay down the $300 Million Term Loan ($1.4 million) and bond interest savings resulting from the issuance of the 2026 Bonds Payable and redemption of the 2018 Bonds Payable in 2016 ($1.11.6 million). We expect interest expense to increasevary in the near term due to borrowings to fund acquisitions occurring subsequent to period end.based on future financing activities.
Interest and other income was $2.8 million$1,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, which represents an increasea decrease compared with $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The increase is due to interest income earned on additional cash deposits held in 2017 ($1.0 million).March 31, 2018. The majority of this income isin 2018 was earned on investments in development authority bonds, withwhich were used to settle a remaining term of approximately 4.3 years as of September 30, 2017 ($1.8 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016).corresponding capital lease obligation in December 2018. Interest income earned on investments in development authority bonds iswas entirely offset by interest expense incurred on the corresponding capital leases. Interest income is expected to decreaseremain at similar levels in the near term, as we have reinvested cash on hand.term.
We recognized a lossgain on early extinguishmentsale of debtunconsolidated joint venture interests of $0.3$0.8 million in 2018, related to the sale of a second 22.5% interest in University Circle and $18.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively. In August 2017, we repaid the $124.8 million 650 California333 Market Street building mortgage note approximately 23 months early; and,joint ventures in April 2016, we repaid the $119.0 million remaining balance on a bridge loan approximately three months early. These early repayments resulted in the write-off of related deferred financing costs.February 2018. We expect future gains or losses on early extinguishmentssales of debtunconsolidated joint venture interests to vary with financingfuture joint venture disposition activities.

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Income (loss) from the unconsolidated joint ventures was $2.9flat at $1.8 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2017, which represents an increase as compared to $(1.9) million forMarch 31, 2019 and 2018. We expect income from the three months ended September 30, 2016. The increase is due to the transfer of University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint ventures in which we retain a 77.5% ownership interest, and the acquisition of a 49.5% interest in 114 Fifth Avenue through an unconsolidatedto vary based on future joint venture none of which are encumbered by mortgage debt. Future income or loss from unconsolidated joint ventures may vary as a result of future investing activities and leasing activity at the properties owned through unconsolidated joint ventures.
Net income was $101.5$3.5 million, or $0.84$0.03 per basic and diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, which represents an increase as compared with $36.9net income of $1.5 million, or $0.30$0.01 per basic and diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2018. The increase is primarily due to gains recognized on dispositionsrecent leasing ($52.0 million), 2016 debt repayment activity ($18.6 million), the lease with NYU Langone Medical at 222 East 41st Street that commenced in the fourth quarter of 2016 ($7.6 million), and fees earned for managing the new Allianz Joint Ventures ($0.63.5 million), partially offset by losta reduction in income from sold properties ($15.1 million). See the "Supplemental Performance Measures" section below for our same-store results compared with the prior year. We expect future earnings to vary as a result of leasing activity at our existing properties and investing activity.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Rental income was $193.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represents a decrease as compared with $280.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease is primarily due to prior-year dispositions ($76.3 million) and transferring University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint ventures ($11.4 million). We expect future rental income to vary based on recent and future investing and leasing activity.
Tenant reimbursements and property operating costs were $18.6 million and $64.5 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which reflects corresponding decreases as compared with $55.6 million and $120.7 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in tenant reimbursements is primarily due to dispositions ($30.2 million), and the new net lease at 222 East 41st Street ($2.9 million), and transferring University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint ventures ($2.2 million). The decrease in property operating costs is primarily due to dispositions ($47.1 million), the new net lease at 222 East 41st Street ($9.2 million), and transferring University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint ventures ($1.8 million). Tenant reimbursements and property operating costs are expected to vary with leasing activity and changes in our portfolio.
Hotel income, net of hotel operating costs, was $(0.7) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represents a decrease as compared with $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, due to the sale of the Key Center Marriott on January 31, 2017.
Asset and property management fee income was $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represents an increase as compared with $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. In the current year period, we provided asset and property management services to the Market Square Joint Venture and the San Francisco Joint Ventures, since their formation in July 2017. In the prior year period, such services were provided only to the Market Square Joint Venture. We anticipate asset and property management fee income to increase in the near term as a result of the newly formed 1800 M Street Joint Venture (see Note 4, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures).
Other property income was $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represents a decrease as compared with $12.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to earning an early termination fee of $6.2 million at 222 East 41st Street in June 2016 and $4.5 million for other lease terminations in 2016. The terminated lease at 222 East 41st Street was replaced with a full-building lease, which commenced in the fourth quarter of 2016. The decrease in termination fee income was partially offset by increased reimbursements from unconsolidated joint ventures ($0.8 million). Other property operating income is expected to vary in the future based on additional lease restructuring activities.
Asset and property management fee expenses were $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represents a decrease as compared with $1.1 million and September 30, 2016, primarily due to the sale of the Key Center Marriott in January 2017 ($0.3 million). Future asset and property management fee expenses are expected to remain stable in the near term and may increase as a result of future investing activity.
Depreciation was $60.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represents a decrease as compared with $84.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease is primarily due to dispositions ($20.6 million) and transferring University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint ventures ($2.8 million). Depreciation is expected to vary based on recent and future investing activity.
Amortization was $24.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represents a decrease as compared with $42.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease is primarily due to intangibles written off due to the

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early termination or expiration of leases ($8.2 million), dispositions ($8.1 million), and transferring University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint ventures ($1.2 million). We expect future amortization to vary based on recent and future investing activity.
Effective July 1, 2017, we began to certain allocate general and administrative expenses to unconsolidated joint ventures based on the time incurred to manage assets owned by our unconsolidated joint ventures. The method for measuring aggregate general and administrative expenses has not changed, and total general and administrative expenses remained relatively stable at $25.7 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. General and administrative expenses - corporate decreased to $25.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $25.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016; and general and administrative expenses - unconsolidated joint ventures increased to $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $0.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Interest expense was $44.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represents a decrease as compared with $52.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to mortgage note payoffs ($3.5 million), incurring interest on our line of credit borrowings in the prior period ($2.9 million), bond interest savings resulting from the issuance of the 2026 Bonds Payable and redemption of the 2018 Bonds Payable in 2016 ($2.1 million). We expect interest expense to increase in the near term due to borrowings to fund acquisitions occurring subsequent to period end.
Interest and other income was $7.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represents an increase compared with $5.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase is due to interest income earned on cash deposits ($2.2 million). The majority of this income is earned on investments in development authority bonds with a remaining term of approximately 4.3 years as of September 30, 2017 ($5.4 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016). Interest income earned on development authority bonds is entirely offset by interest expense incurred on the corresponding capital leases. Interest income is expected to decrease in the near term, as we have reinvested cash on hand.
We recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $0.3 million and $19.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively. In March 2017, we repaid the 221 Main Street building mortgage note approximately two months early; and in August 2017, we repaid the 650 California Street building mortgage note approximately 23 months early. In April 2016, we repaid the $119.0 million remaining balance on a bridge loan approximately three months early. These early repayments resulted in the write-off of related deferred financing costs. We expect future gains or losses on early extinguishments of debt to vary with financing activities.
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures was $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represents an increase as compared with $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase is due to the transfer of University Circle and 333 Market Street to unconsolidated joint ventures, in which we retain a 77.5% ownership interest, and the acquisition of a 49.5% interest in 114 Fifth Avenue. Future income or loss from unconsolidated joint ventures will vary as a result of future investing activities and leasing at the properties held in unconsolidated joint ventures.
We recognized a gain on sale of real estate assets of $175.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as a result of selling three properties in Houston, Texas, and the Key Center Tower and Marriott in Cleveland, Ohio in January 2017; and selling a 22.5% interest in each of the University Circle property and the 333 Market Street building in July 2017. We recognized a gain on sale of real estate assets of $50.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as a result of selling three properties in separate transactions during the first nine months of 2016. See Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, for details of these transactions. Future gains on sale of real estate assets will vary with future disposition activity.
Net income was $177.4 million, or $1.46 per basic and diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represents an increase as compared with $56.9 million, or $0.46 per basic and diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase is due to gains on sale of real estate ($125.4 million) and financing activities resulting in interest savings in the current year and losses on early extinguishment of debt in the prior year ($26.8 million), partially offset by lost income from sold properties ($32.81.5 million). See the "Supplemental Performance Measures" section below for our same-store results compared with the prior year. We expectexpect future earnings to vary, primarily as a result of leasing activity at our existing properties and future investing activity.

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NOI by Geographic Segment
We consider geographic location when evaluating our portfolio composition and in assessing the ongoing operations and performance of our properties. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we aggregated our properties into the following geographic segments: New York, San Francisco, Atlanta, Washington, D.C., Boston, Los Angeles, and all other office markets. All other office markets consists of properties in low-barrier-to-entry geographic locations in which we do not have a substantial presence and do not plan to make further investments. NOI, as presented below, includes our share of properties owned through unconsolidated joint ventures. See Note 11,13, Segment Information, toof the accompanying consolidated financial statements.statements for additional information and a reconciliation from GAAP net income to NOI.
The following table presents NOI by geographic segment (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162019 2018
New York(1)$16,536
 $11,380
 $50,411
 $52,515
$22,806
 $24,179
San Francisco(2)18,166
 20,095
 57,733
 60,547
20,497
 19,554
Atlanta8,500
 8,249
 25,078
 24,756
8,151
 8,754
Washington, D.C.(3)4,209
 3,632
 11,052
 13,303
8,453
 8,330
Boston1,196
 1,425
 3,797
 4,111
1,989
 1,768
Los Angeles1,155
 894
 3,439
 3,336
1,119
 1,208
All other office markets4,071
 23,723
 15,598
 76,111
3,836
 3,291
Total office segments53,833
 69,398
 167,108
 234,679
66,851
 67,084
Hotel(24) 1,301
 (914) 3,171
Corporate(364) (59) (489) (137)(205) (225)
Total$53,445
 $70,640
 $165,705
 $237,713
Total NOI$66,646
 $66,859
(1)
Includes NOI for two unconsolidated properties, 114 Fifth Avenue and 799 Broadway, based on our ownership interest: 49.5% for 114 Fifth Avenue for all periods presented; and 49.7% for 799 Broadway from October 3, 2018 through March 31, 2019.
(2)
Includes NOI for two unconsolidated properties, 333 Market Street and University Circle, based on our ownership interests:  77.5% from January 1, 2018 through January 31, 2018; and 55.0% from February 1, 2018 through March 31, 2019.
(3)
Includes NOI for two unconsolidated properties, Market Square and 1800 M Street, based on our ownership interests: 51.0% for the Market Square and 55.0% for 1800 M Street for all periods presented.
New York
Current quarter NOI was positively impacted by the commencement of our lease with NYU Langone Medical at 222 East 41st Street, which was vacant during the prior year period, as the full building was prepared for the lease with NYU Langone Medical, which commenced in October 2016. New York NOI is expected to increase in the near term with the acquisitions of 245-249 West 17th Street and 218 West 18th Street in October 2017, as described in Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
San Francisco
NOI has decreased quarter over quarter due to the July 6, 2017 sale of a 22.5% interest in both 333 Market Street and University Circle. San Francisco NOI is expected to decrease in the near term as a result of the planned sale of an additional 22.5% interest222 East 41st Street in eachMay of these properties, as described in Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.2018, partially offset by leasing, primarily at 315 Park Avenue South. From March 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019, 315 Park Avenue South's commenced occupancy increased from 62.9% to 93.8%.
Washington, D.C.San Francisco
NOI for the nine month period has been impacted by decreased occupancy at 80 M Street and Market Square earlier in the current year. Over the near term, Washington, D.C. NOI is expected to increaseincreased as a result of recent leasing, activity and the October 2017 acquisition of a 55% interest in 1800 M Street, as described in Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.primarily at 650 California Street. From March 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019, 650 California Street's commenced occupancy increased from 76.7% to 93.9%.
Boston
NOI has been impacted by decreased occupancy at 116 Huntington. NOI is expected to vary with leasing activity at the property.
Los Angeles
NOI for the quarter was impacted positively by property tax reimbursements in prior year at Pasadena Corporate Park. NOI is expected to remain at similar levels for the near term.
All other office markets
NOI has decreased significantlyincreased as a result of selling 9 office properties between July 1, 2016 and Januaryleasing at 116 Huntington Avenue. From March 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019, 116 Huntington Avenue's commenced occupancy increased from 78.5% to 89.0%.
All Other Office Markets
NOI decreased as a result of the tenant at 263 Shuman Boulevard vacating the property in May 2017. We expect all other office markets NOI263 Shuman Boulevard was transferred to remain relatively stablethe lender in extinguishment of the near term.
Hotel
The Key Center Marriott, our only hotel, was soldrelated mortgage note on January 31, 2017.April 13, 2018.

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Supplemental Performance Measures
In addition to net income, we measure the company's performance of the company using certain non-GAAP supplemental performance measures,metrics, including: (i) Funds From Operations ("FFO"), (ii) Net Operating Income ("NOI"), and (iii) Same Store Net Operating Income ("Same Store NOI"). These non-GAAP metricssupplemental performance measures are commonly used by REIT industry analysts and investors, as supplemental operation performance measures of REITs and are viewed by management to be useful indicators of operating performance. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumesperformance principally because they exclude the effects of certain income and expenses that do not reflect the valuecash-generating capability of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry analysts and investors have considered presentation of operating results for real estate companies using historical cost accounting alone to be insufficient.our operations. Management believes that the use of FFO, NOI, and Same Store NOI, combined with net income, improves the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and makes comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful.
Net income is the most comparable GAAP measure to FFO, NOI, and Same Store NOI. Each of these supplemental performance measures excludeexcludes expenses that materially impact our overall results of operations and, therefore, should not be considered as a substitute for net income, income before income taxes, or any other measures derived in accordance with GAAP. Furthermore, these metrics may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies.
Funds From Operations
FFO is a non-GAAP measure used by many investors and analysts who follow the real estate industry to measure the performance of an equity REIT. We consider FFO a useful measure of our performance principally because it principally adjusts forexcludes the effects of GAAP depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, which assumes thatassets. GAAP depreciation and amortization reflect a systematic reduction in the carrying value of real estate diminishes predictably over time. Sinceassets and, therefore, are not indicative of the actual increase or decrease in the realizable value of real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, we believe that FFO provides a meaningful supplemental measure of our performance.assets. We believe that the use of FFO, combined with the required GAAP presentations, is beneficial in improving our investors' understanding of our operating results and allowing for comparisons among other companies who define FFO as we do.
FFO, as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("NAREIT"), represents net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses on sales of real estate and impairments of real estate assets, plus real estate-related depreciation and amortization, and, after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures, for both continuing and discontinued operations. We compute FFO in accordance with NAREIT's definition, which may differ from the methodology for calculating FFO, or similarly titled measures, used by other companies, and thisthus may not be comparable to those presentations.
FFO is not reduced for the amounts needed to fund capital replacements or expansions, debt service obligations, or other commitments and uncertainties, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions. Our presentation of FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (computed in accordance with GAAP) or as an indicator of financial performance.
NetGAAP net income reconciles to FFO as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2017 2016 2017 20162019 2018
Net income$101,534
 $36,898
 $177,389
 $56,881
$3,513
 $1,498
Adjustments:          
Depreciation of real estate assets18,501
 26,778
 60,529
 84,517
20,404
 20,835
Amortization of lease-related costs6,870
 11,895
 24,518
 42,902
7,461
 8,016
Depreciation and amortization included in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures(1)
7,180
 2,123
 11,401
 6,670
Loss (gains) on sales of real estate assets(102,365) (50,412) (175,518) (50,083)
Depreciation and amortization included in income from unconsolidated joint ventures(1)
12,928
 13,558
Gain on sale of unconsolidated joint venture interests
 (762)
Total funds from operations adjustments(69,814) (9,616)
(79,070)
84,006
40,793
 41,647
NAREIT FFO available to common stockholders$31,720
 $27,282

$98,319

$140,887
$44,306
 $43,145
(1) 
Reflects our ownership interest in depreciation and amortization for investments in unconsolidated joint ventures.
The following significant noncash revenues and expenses are included in our funds from operations:
Straight-line rental income, net:  to recognize rent on a straight-line basis over the lease term, we recognized net straight-line rental income for our wholly owned properties of $4.5 million and $9.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Income from unconsolidated joint ventures includes additional net straight-line rental income of $(0.2) million and $34,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 
Amortization of intangible lease assets and liabilities:  to amortize above- and below-market, in-place lease intangible assets (liabilities), we recognized net increases to rental revenues (or decreases to operating expenses) for our wholly

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owned properties of $1.0 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  Income from unconsolidated joint ventures includes additional net operating income for amortization of intangible lease assets and liabilities of $2.5 million and $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt premiums (discounts):  to amortize costs associated with securing debt from third-party lenders over the terms of the respective debt facilities, we recognized noncash interest expense of $0.6 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Income from unconsolidated joint ventures includes additional noncash interest expense of $0.4 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. 
Net Operating Income
As set forth below, NOI is calculated by deducting property operating costs from rental and other property revenues for continuing operations. As a performance metric consisting of only revenues and expenses directly related to ongoing real estate rental operations, which have been or will be settled in cash, NOI is narrower in scope than FFO.
NOI, as we calculate it, may not be directly comparable to similarly titled, but differently calculated, measures for other REITs. We believe that NOI is another useful supplemental performance measure, as it is an input in many REIT valuation models, and it provides a means by which to evaluate the performance of the properties.
The major factors influencing our NOI are property acquisitions and dispositions, occupancy levels, rental rate increases or decreases, and the recoverability of operating expenses.
Same Store Net Operating Income
We also evaluate the performance of our properties, on a "same-store" basis, using a metric referred to as Same Store NOI. We view Same Store NOI as a useful supplemental performance measure because it improves comparability between periods by eliminating the near-term effects of acquisitions and dispositions.changes in our operating portfolio. On an individual property basis, Same Store NOI is computed in the same manner as NOI (as described in the preceding section). For the periods presented, we have defined our same-store portfolio as those properties that have been continuously owned and operated since JulyJanuary 1, 20162018 (the first day of the first period presented). NOI and Same Store NOI are calculated as follows for the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 20162018 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 20162019 2018
Same Store NOI – wholly owned properties:
   
Revenues:      
Rental income$54,293
 $48,862
Tenant reimbursements4,293
 4,067
Rental income and tenant reimbursements$71,001
 $65,847
Other property income946
 1,703
1,702
 1,640
Total revenues59,532
 54,632
72,703
 67,487
Property operating expenses(19,991) (19,122)(23,878) (21,534)
Same Store NOI – wholly owned properties(1)
$39,541
 $35,510
48,825
 45,953
Same Store NOI – joint venture owned properties(2)
$13,079
 $12,215
Same Store NOI – joint venture-owned properties(2)
17,719
 16,846
Same Store NOI66,544
 62,799
NOI from acquisitions(3)
533
 
102
 
NOI from dispositions(4)
292
 22,915

 4,060
NOI$53,445
 $70,640
$66,646
 $66,859
(1) 
Reflects NOI from properties that were wholly owned for the entirety of the periods presented.
(2) 
For both periods, reflects our ownership interest inReflects NOI forearned from properties owned through unconsolidated joint ventures based on our ownership interest as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019, for the entirety of the periods presented. The NOI for properties held through unconsolidated joint ventures is included in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures in our accompanying consolidated statements of operations. See Note 4, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, for more information.
(3) 
Reflects activity for the following properties acquired since JulyJanuary 1, 2016,2018, for all periods presented: 49.5%Lindbergh Center – Retail, acquired on October 24, 2018 and 49.7% of 114 Fifth Avenue.799 Broadway, acquired on October 3, 2018.
(4) 
Reflects activity for the following properties sold since JulyJanuary 1, 2016,2018, for all periods presented: 222 East 41st Street, sold on May 29, 2018; 263 Shuman Boulevard, returned to lender on April 13, 2018; and 22.5% of both University Circle 22.5% ofand 333 Market Street, Key Center Tower & Key Center Marriott, 5 Houston Center, Energy Center I, 515 Post Oak, SanTan Corporate Center, Sterling Commerce, 80 Park Plaza, 9127, 9189, 9191 & 9193 South Jamaica Street, and 800 North Frederick.sold on February 1, 2018.
Same store NOI increased for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to our lease with NYU Langone Medical at 222 East 41st Street, which was vacant during the prior year period as the full building was prepared for the lease with NYU Langone Medical to commence in October 2016. Same store NOI is expected increase over the near term as a result of recent leasing activity.

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Same Store NOI increased from $62.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, to $66.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of leasing at 315 Park Avenue South in New York and 650 California Street in San Francisco.
A reconciliation of GAAP net income to NOI and Same Store NOI is presented below (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 20162019 2018
Net income$101,534
 $36,898
$3,513
 $1,498
Depreciation18,501
 26,778
20,404
 20,835
Amortization6,870
 11,895
7,461
 8,016
General and administrative - corporate7,034
 7,467
General and administrative - joint venture713
 
General and administrative – corporate8,424
 7,794
General and administrative – unconsolidated joint ventures809
 731
Net interest expense13,690
 17,116
12,094
 15,892
Interest income from development authority bonds(1,800) (1,800)
 (1,800)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt280
 18,905
Gain on sale of unconsolidated joint venture interests
 (762)
Income tax expense3
 65
7
 7
Asset and property management fee income(1,154) (511)(1,869) (1,759)
Adjustments included in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures10,139
 4,239
Loss on sales of real estate assets(102,365) (50,412)
Adjustments included in income from unconsolidated joint ventures15,803
 16,407
NOI:$53,445
 $70,640
$66,646
 $66,859
Same Store NOI joint venture owned properties(1)
(13,079) (12,215)(17,719) (16,846)
NOI from acquisitions(2)
(533) 
(102) 
NOI from dispositions(3)
(292) (22,915)
 (4,060)
Same Store NOI – wholly owned properties(4)
$39,541
 $35,510
$48,825
 $45,953
(1) 
For both periods, reflects our ownership interest inReflects NOI forearned from properties owned through unconsolidated joint ventures based on our ownership interest as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019, for the entirety of the periods presented. The NOI for properties held through unconsolidated joint ventures is included in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures in our accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
(2) 
Reflects activityNOI for the following properties acquired since JulyJanuary 1, 2016,2018, for all periods presented: 49.5%Lindbergh Center – Retail, acquired on October 24, 2018 and 49.7% of 114 Fifth Avenue.799 Broadway, acquired on October 3, 2018.
(3) 
Reflects activityNOI for the following properties sold since JulyJanuary 1, 2016,2018, for all periods presented: 222 East 41st Street sold on May 29, 2018; 263 Shuman Boulevard returned to lender on April 13, 2018; and 22.5% of both University Circle 22.5% ofand 333 Market Street, Key Center Tower & Key Center Marriott, 5 Houston Center, Energy Center I, 515 Post Oak, SanTan Corporate Center, Sterling Commerce, 80 Park Plaza, 9127, 9189, 9191 & 9193 South Jamaica Street, and 800 North Frederick.sold on February 1, 2018.
(4) 
Reflects NOI from properties that were wholly owned for the entirety of the periods presented.
Election as a REIT
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code and have operated as such beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2003. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our adjusted taxable income, as defined in the Code, to our stockholders, computed without regard tostockholders. To the dividends-paid deduction and by excludingextent that we satisfy the distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our net capital gain. As a REIT taxable income, we generally will notwould be subject to federal and state corporate income tax on income that we distribute to our stockholders.the undistributed income. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will then be subject to federal income taxes on our taxable income for that year and for the four years following the year during which qualification is lost, unless the Internal Revenue Service grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to our stockholders. However, we believe that we are organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
The TRS Entities are wholly owned subsidiaries of Columbia Property Trust and are organized as Delaware limited liability companies. The TRS Entities, among other things, provide tenant services that Columbia Property Trust,we, as a REIT, cannot otherwise provide. We have elected to treat the TRS Entities as taxable REIT subsidiaries. We may perform certain additional, noncustomary services for tenants of our buildings through the TRS Entities; however, any earnings related to such services are subject to federal and state income taxes. In addition, for us to continue to qualify as a REIT, we must limit our investments in taxable REIT subsidiaries to 25%20% of the value of our total assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are established for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities at the enacted rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse.

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No provisions for federal income taxes have been made in our accompanying consolidated financial statements, other than the provisions relating to the TRS Entities, as we made distributions in excess of or equal to taxable income for the periods presented. We are subject to certain state and local taxes related to property operations in certain locations, which have been provided for in our accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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Inflation
We are exposed to inflation risk, as income from long-term leases is the primary source of our cash flows from operations. There are provisions in the majority of our tenant leases that are intended to protect us from, and mitigate the risk of, the impact of inflation. These provisions include rent steps, reimbursement billings for operating expense pass-through charges, real estate tax and insurance reimbursements on a per-square-foot basis or, in some cases, annual reimbursement of operating expenses above a certain per-square-foot allowance. However, due to the long-term nature of the leases, the leases may not reset frequently enough to fully cover inflation.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies
There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2018. As described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we adopted ASC 842 during the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
Related-Party Transactions
During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019 and 2016,2018, we did not have any related-party transactions, except as described in Note 4, Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, of the accompanying financial statements.
Commitments and Contingencies
We are subject to certain commitments and contingencies with regard to certain transactions. Refer to Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies, of our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further explanation. Examples of such commitments and contingencies include:
guaranty ofguaranties related to the debt of an unconsolidated joint venture of $11.2 million;ventures;
obligations under operating leases;
obligations under capital leases;
commitments under existing lease agreements; and
litigation.
Subsequent Events
We have evaluated subsequent events in connection with the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this report on Form 10-Q, and notednotes that the following in addition to those disclosed elsewhere in this report:
Acquisitionsale of 245-249 West 17th StreetOne & 218 West 18th Street, as described inThree Glenlake Parkway closed on April 15, 2019. See Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, of the accompanying consolidated financial statements; andstatements for additional details.
Acquisition of investment in 1800 M Street through a joint venture, as described in Note 3, Real Estate Transactions, of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
ITEM 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a result of certain of our outstanding debt facilities, we are exposed to interest rate changes. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flow, primarily through a low to moderate level of overall borrowings. However, we currently have a substantial amount of debt outstanding. We manage our ratio of fixed- to floating-rate debt with the objective of achieving a mix that we believe is appropriate in light of anticipated changes. We closely monitor interest rates and will continue to consider the sources and terms of our borrowing facilities to determine whether we have appropriately guarded ourselves against the risk of increasing interest rates in future periods. Fluctuations in LIBOR may affect the amount of interest expense we incur on borrowings indexed to LIBOR, such as borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and the $300 Million Term Loan, which bear interest at the applicable LIBOR rate, as defined in the credit agreements, plus an applicable margin that is subject to adjustment based on our credit ratings.
Additionally, we have entered into interest rate swaps and may enter into other interest rate swaps, caps, or other arrangements to mitigate our interest rate risk on a related financial instrument. We do not currently enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes; however, at times certain of our derivatives may not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. All of our debt was entered into for other-than-trading purposes.

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Our financial instruments consist of both fixed-rate and variable-rate debt. Our variable-rate borrowings consist of the Revolving Credit Facility, the $300 Million Term Loan, and the $150 Million Term Loan. However, only the Revolving Credit Facility and the $300 Million Term Loan bear interest at effectively variable rates, as the variable rate on the $150 Million Term Loan has been effectively fixed through the interest rate swap agreement described in the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section of Item 2, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

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As of September 30, 2017March 31, 2019, we had no$533.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility; $150.0 million outstanding on the $150 Million Term Loan; $300.0 million outstanding on the $300 Million Term Loan; $349.6$349.7 million in 2025 Bonds Payable outstanding; $348.8$349.0 million in 2026 Bonds Payable outstanding; and $73.0millionno borrowings outstanding on fixed-rate, term mortgage loans.our $300 Million Term Loan. The amounts outstanding on our Revolving Credit Facility in the future will largely depend upon future acquisition and disposition activity. The weighted-average interest rate of all our consolidated debt instruments was 3.72%3.58% as of September 30, 2017.March 31, 2019.
Approximately $921.4$848.7 million of our total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, is subject to fixed rates, either directly or when coupled with an interest rate swap agreement. As of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, these balances incurred interest expense at an average interest rate of 4.17%3.75% and have expirations ranging from 20172022 through 2026. A change in the market interest rate impacts the net financial instrument position of our fixed-rate debt portfolio; however, it has no impact on interest incurred or cash flows. A 1.0% change
Approximately $533.0 million of our total debt is subject to variable rates. As of March 31, 2019, this balance incurred interest expense at an average interest rate of 3.31% and expires in 2023. An increase or decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would have a $3.0$5.3 million annual impact on our interest payments. The amounts outstanding on our Revolving Credit Facility in the future will largely depend upon future acquisition and disposition activity.
Our unconsolidated Market Square Joint Venture holds a $325 million mortgage note, which bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.07%.; and our 799 Broadway Joint Venture holds a $103.1 million construction note, which bears interest at a floating rate of 6.74% as of March 31, 2019. Adjusting for 51%our ownership share of the debt at the Market Square Joint Venture, which we own through anthese unconsolidated joint venture,ventures, our weighted-average interest rate of all of our debt instruments is 3.88%. None of the other joint venture owned properties have mortgage debt.
We do not believe there is any exposure to increases in interest rates related to the capital lease obligations of $120.0 million3.84% at September 30, 2017, as the obligations are at fixed interest rates.March 31, 2019.
ITEM 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Management's Conclusions Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report in providing a reasonable level of assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods in SEC rules and forms, including providing a reasonable level of assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II.OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are party to legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently involved in any legal proceedings of which the outcome is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity, or financial condition, nor are we aware of any such legal proceedings contemplated by governmental authorities.
ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in the "Risk Factors" section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2018.
ITEM 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(a)During the quarter ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we did not sell any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933.
(b)Not applicable.
(c)On September 4, 2015,2017, our board of directors approved the 20152017 Stock Repurchase Program, which providedprovides for Columbia Property Trust to buy up to $200 million of our common stock over a two-year period, which expiredexpiring on September 4, 2017.2019.
On September 4, 2017, our board of directors approved the 2017 Stock Repurchase Program, which provides for Columbia Property Trust to buy up to $200 million of our common stock over a two-year period, expiring on September 4, 2019.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2017,March 31, 2019, we repurchased and retired the followingdid not repurchase any shares in accordance with the 2015 Stock Repurchase Program and the 2017 Stock Repurchase Program, as described in Note 8, Stockholders' Equity., of the accompanying financial statements.
Period 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
 
Average
 Price Paid 
per Share
 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan 
Maximum Approximate Dollar Value Available for Future Purchase(1)
 
July 2017 18,770
 $21.470
 18,770
 $103,069,583
(1) 
August 2017 1,107,243
 $20.992
 1,107,243
 $79,826,569
(1) 
September 2017 305,254
 $21.118
 305,254
 $194,826,742
(2) 
Period 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
 
Average
 Price Paid 
per Share
 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan Maximum Approximate Dollar Value Available for Future Purchase
January 2019(1)
 114,491
 $20.970
 114,491
 $124,373,520
February 2019 
 $
 
 $124,373,520
March 2019 
 $
 
 $124,373,520
(1) 
Amounts available
All activity for future purchaseJanuary 2019 relates to the remittance of shares for July 2017 and August 2017 relate onlyincome taxes associated with certain stock grants made under the LTI Plan (See Note 8, Equity, to our 2015 Stock Repurchase Program, which expired on September 4, 2017.
(2)the accompanying financial statements).
Amounts available for future purchase for September 2017 relate only to our 2017 Stock Repurchase Program, which was effective on September 4, 2017.
ITEM 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
(a)There have been no defaults with respect to any of our indebtedness.
(b)Not applicable.
ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.OTHER INFORMATION
(a)During the thirdfirst quarter of 2017,2019, there was no information that was required to be disclosed in a report on Form 8-K that was not disclosed in a report on Form 8-K.
(b)There are no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our board of directors since the filing of our most recent Schedule 14A.

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ITEM 6.EXHIBITS
(a)Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX TO
THIRDFIRST QUARTER 20172019 FORM 10-Q OF
COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
The following documents are filed as exhibits to this report. Exhibits that are not required for this report are omitted. 
Ex.Description
2.1
2.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.63.3
3.73.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
10.2*
31.1*
31.2*
32.1*
101.INS*XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
  
*Filed herewith.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
  
COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
(Registrant)
    
Dated:October 26, 2017April 25, 2019By:/s/ JAMES A. FLEMING
   
James A. Fleming
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer



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