UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

~~(Mark One)~~

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ~~__________________~~________ to ~~__________________~~________

Commission File Number 001-40379

FIVE STAR BANCORP

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)


California						75-3100966
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(IRS Employer Identification No.)

~~3100 Zinfandel Drive~~

~~Suite 100~~

~~Rancho Cordova~~

~~95670~~

~~(Address of principal executive office)~~

~~(Zip~~3100 Zinfandel Drive, Suite 100 Rancho Cordova, CA 95670

(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (916) 626-5000

~~Not Applicable~~

~~(Former name, former address and formal fiscal year, if changed since last report)~~

Securities registered pursuant to 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value per share	FSBC	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	o	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated Filer	x	Smaller reporting company	x
Emerging growth company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes o No x

As of November ~~4, 2022,~~3, 2023, there were ~~17,245,650~~17,257,023 shares of the registrant’s common stock, no par value, outstanding.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FIVE STAR BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

September 30, 2023


PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	51

ITEM 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	51

	Consolidated Balance Sheets ~~(unaudited)~~	1
	Consolidated Statements of Income	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	3
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6

	~~Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)~~	7

	~~Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)~~	8

	~~Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)~~	9

	~~Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)~~	11

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ~~(unaudited)~~	138

ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	4131

ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	8269

ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	8269

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION	8370

ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	8370

ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	8370

ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	8370

ITEM 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	8370

ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	8370

ITEM 5.	Other Information	8370

ITEM 6.	Exhibits	8471

SIGNATURES		8572

Table of ~~Contents~~

~~Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements~~

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements represent plans, estimates, objectives, goals, guidelines, expectations, intentions, projections, and statements of our beliefs concerning future events, business plans, objectives, expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate, or imply future results, performance, or achievements, and are typically identified with words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “aim,” “intend,” “plan,” or words or phases of similar meaning. We caution that the forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on factors which are, in many instances, beyond our control. Such forward-looking statements are based on various assumptions (some of which may be beyond our control) and are subject to risks and uncertainties, which change over time, and other factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those currently anticipated. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

•uncertain market conditions and economic trends nationally, regionally, and particularly in Northern California and California, including as a result of the coronavirus, and variants thereof ("COVID-19");

•~~risks related to the concentration of our business in California, and specifically within Northern California, including risks associated with any downturn in the real estate sector;~~

•~~the occurrence or impact of climate change or natural or man-made disasters or calamities, such as wildfires, droughts, and earthquakes;~~

•~~risks related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operations;~~

•~~changes in market interest rates that affect the pricing of our loans and deposits, our net interest income, and our borrowers' ability to repay loans;~~

•~~risks related to our strategic focus on lending to small to medium-sized businesses;~~

•~~the sufficiency of the assumptions and estimates we make in establishing reserves for potential loan losses and the value of loan collateral and securities;~~

•~~our ability to attract and retain executive officers and key employees and their customer and community relationships;~~

•~~the risks associated with our loan portfolios, and specifically with our commercial real estate loans;~~

•~~our level of nonperforming assets and the costs associated with resolving problem loans, if any, and complying with government-imposed foreclosure moratoriums;~~

•~~our ability to maintain adequate liquidity and to maintain capital necessary to fund our growth strategy and operations and to satisfy minimum regulatory capital levels;~~

•~~the effects of increased competition from a wide variety of local, regional, national, and other providers of financial and investment services;~~

•~~risks associated with unauthorized access, cyber-crime, and other threats to data security;~~

•~~our ability to comply with various governmental and regulatory requirements applicable to financial institutions, including supervisory actions by federal and state banking agencies;~~

•the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities, and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators, and economic stimulus programs;

•~~governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including the policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve");~~

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

•~~changes in the U.S. economy, including an economic slowdown, inflation, deflation, housing prices, employment levels, rate of growth, and general business conditions;~~

•~~our ability to implement, maintain, and improve effective internal controls; and~~

•~~other factors that are discussed in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”~~

The foregoing factors that could cause results or performance to materially differ from those expressed in our forward-looking statements should not be considered exhaustive and should be read together with other cautionary statements that are included in this report, including those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and other filings we may make with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), copies of which are available from us at no charge. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict their occurrence or how they will affect us. If one or more of the factors affecting our forward-looking information and statements proves incorrect, then our actual results, performance, or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, forward-looking information and statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, we caution you not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking information and statements. We disclaim any duty to revise or update the forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, to reflect actual results or changes in the factors affecting the forward-looking statements, except as specifically required by law.

~~Table of~~ Contents

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

FIVE STAR BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

~~(In thousands, except share data)~~


		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
(in thousands, except share amounts)						(in thousands, except share amounts)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS	ASSETS					ASSETS

Cash and due from financial institutions	Cash and due from financial institutions	$	33,280	$	136,074	Cash and due from financial institutions	$	26,744	$	32,561
Interest-bearing deposits in banks	Interest-bearing deposits in banks	284,389		289,255		Interest-bearing deposits in banks	296,804		227,430
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	317,669		425,329		Cash and cash equivalents	323,548		259,991

Time deposits in banks	Time deposits in banks	10,216		14,464		Time deposits in banks	6,971		9,849
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value		114,041		148,807
Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $3,441 and $5,197 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)		3,764		4,946
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses of $0 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (amortized cost of $126,703 and $135,087 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)						Securities available-for-sale, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses of $0 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (amortized cost of $126,703 and $135,087 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	104,086		115,988
Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses of $20 at September 30, 2023 and $0 at December 31, 2022 (fair value of $2,811 and $3,432 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)						Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses of $20 at September 30, 2023 and $0 at December 31, 2022 (fair value of $2,811 and $3,432 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	3,104		3,756
Loans held for sale	Loans held for sale	11,015		10,671		Loans held for sale	9,326		9,416
Loans held for investment	Loans held for investment	2,582,978		1,934,460		Loans held for investment	3,009,930		2,791,326
Allowance for loan losses		(27,838)		(23,243)
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses		2,555,140		1,911,217

Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (“FHLB”) stock		10,890		6,723
Operating leases, right-of-use asset ("ROUA")		4,227		—
Allowance for credit losses - loans						Allowance for credit losses - loans	(34,028)		(28,389)
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses						Loans held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses	2,975,902		2,762,937
FHLB stock						FHLB stock	15,000		10,890
Operating leases, right-of-use asset, net						Operating leases, right-of-use asset, net	4,799		3,981
Premises and equipment, net	Premises and equipment, net	1,694		1,773		Premises and equipment, net	1,564		1,605
Bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI"), net		14,550		11,203
Bank-owned life insurance						Bank-owned life insurance	17,023		14,669
Interest receivable and other assets	Interest receivable and other assets	31,364		21,628		Interest receivable and other assets	43,717		34,077
		$	3,074,570	$	2,556,761
Total assets						Total assets	$	3,505,040	$	3,227,159

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY					LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Deposits
Deposits:						Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing	Non-interest-bearing	$	1,020,625	$	902,118	Non-interest-bearing	$	833,434	$	968,749
Interest-bearing	Interest-bearing	1,593,707		1,383,772		Interest-bearing	2,198,776		1,813,255
Total deposits	Total deposits	2,614,332		2,285,890		Total deposits	3,032,210		2,782,004

Subordinated notes, net		102,028		28,386
Borrowings:						Borrowings:
FHLB advances	FHLB advances	105,000		—		FHLB advances	90,000		100,000
Subordinated debt, net						Subordinated debt, net	73,713		73,606
Operating lease liability	Operating lease liability	4,492		—		Operating lease liability	5,043		4,243
Interest payable and other liabilities	Interest payable and other liabilities	9,460		7,439		Interest payable and other liabilities	30,050		14,481
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	2,835,312		2,321,715		Total liabilities	3,231,016		2,974,334

Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)						Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Shareholders’ equity	Shareholders’ equity					Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; zero issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021		—		—
Common stock, no par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 17,245,983 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022; 17,224,848 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021		219,286		218,444
Preferred stock, no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; zero issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022						Preferred stock, no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; zero issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	—		—
Common stock, no par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 17,257,357 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023; 17,241,926 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022						Common stock, no par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 17,257,357 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023; 17,241,926 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022	220,266		219,543
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	36,042		17,168		Retained earnings	69,689		46,736
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(16,070)		(566)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(15,931)		(13,454)
Total shareholders’ equity	Total shareholders’ equity	239,258		235,046		Total shareholders’ equity	274,024		252,825
		$	3,074,570	$	2,556,761
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity						Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	3,505,040	$	3,227,159

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

FIVE STAR BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

~~(In thousands, except per share data)~~


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021
Interest and fee income
(in thousands, except per share amounts)										(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest and fee income:										Interest and fee income:
Loans, including fees	Loans, including fees	$	29,787	$	20,086	$	76,719	$	57,325	Loans, including fees	$	41,861	$	29,886	$	119,284	$	76,877
Taxable securities	Taxable securities	439		377		1,252		974		Taxable securities	472		439		1,401		1,252
Nontaxable securities	Nontaxable securities	176		194		532		627		Nontaxable securities	181		176		548		532
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	1,145		175		1,855		404		Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	2,584		1,145		6,969		1,855
Total interest and fee income										Total interest and fee income	45,098		31,646		128,202		80,516
		31,547		20,832		80,358		59,330
Interest expense
Interest expense:										Interest expense:
Deposits	Deposits	2,817		480		4,383		1,747		Deposits	16,386		2,817		39,733		4,383
FHLB advances	FHLB advances	47		—		52		—		FHLB advances	75		47		783		52
Subordinated notes		1,259		443		2,146		1,330
		4,123		923		6,581		3,077
Subordinated debt										Subordinated debt	1,161		1,259		3,484		2,146
Total interest expense										Total interest expense	17,622		4,123		44,000		6,581

Net interest income	Net interest income	27,424		19,909		73,777		56,253		Net interest income	27,476		27,523		84,202		73,935
Provision for credit losses										Provision for credit losses	1,050		2,250		3,200		5,450
Net interest income after provision for credit losses										Net interest income after provision for credit losses	26,426		25,273		81,002		68,485

Provision for loan losses		2,250		—		5,450		200

Net interest income after provision for loan losses		25,174		19,909		68,327		56,053

Non-interest income
Non-interest income:										Non-interest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	Service charges on deposit accounts	132		112		370		308		Service charges on deposit accounts	158		132		410		370
Net gain on sale of securities available-for-sale	Net gain on sale of securities available-for-sale	—		435		5		709		Net gain on sale of securities available-for-sale	—		—		—		5
Gain on sale of loans	Gain on sale of loans	548		988		2,297		3,010		Gain on sale of loans	396		548		1,635		2,297
Loan-related fees	Loan-related fees	546		285		1,958		914		Loan-related fees	355		447		1,052		1,800
FHLB stock dividends	FHLB stock dividends	152		100		353		270		FHLB stock dividends	274		152		656		353
Earnings on BOLI	Earnings on BOLI	102		68		293		180		Earnings on BOLI	127		102		355		293
Other	Other	52		40		438		99		Other	74		52		1,467		438
Total non-interest income										Total non-interest income	1,384		1,433		5,575		5,556
		1,532		2,028		5,714		5,490
Non-interest expense
Non-interest expense:										Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	Salaries and employee benefits	5,645		4,980		16,873		14,616		Salaries and employee benefits	6,876		5,645		19,915		16,873
Occupancy and equipment	Occupancy and equipment	515		502		1,548		1,394		Occupancy and equipment	561		515		1,635		1,548
Data processing and software	Data processing and software	797		611		2,252		1,838		Data processing and software	1,020		797		2,905		2,252
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance		195		110		605		540
FDIC insurance										FDIC insurance	375		195		1,187		605
Professional services	Professional services	792		505		1,914		3,348		Professional services	700		792		1,917		1,914
Advertising and promotional	Advertising and promotional	512		366		1,340		801		Advertising and promotional	535		512		1,686		1,340
Loan-related expenses	Loan-related expenses	262		462		929		909		Loan-related expenses	345		262		924		929
Other operating expenses	Other operating expenses	1,454		1,105		4,491		3,579		Other operating expenses	1,603		1,454		4,943		4,491
		10,172		8,641		29,952		27,025
Total non-interest expense										Total non-interest expense	12,015		10,172		35,112		29,952

Income before provision for income taxes	Income before provision for income taxes	16,534		13,296		44,089		34,518		Income before provision for income taxes	15,795		16,534		51,465		44,089

Provision for income taxes	Provision for income taxes	4,830		2,270		12,570		3,386		Provision for income taxes	4,750		4,830		14,530		12,570

Net income	Net income	$	11,704	$	11,026	$	31,519	$	31,132	Net income	$	11,045	$	11,704	$	36,935	$	31,519

Basic earnings per common share	Basic earnings per common share	$	0.68	$	0.64	$	1.84	$	2.18	Basic earnings per common share	$	0.64	$	0.68	$	2.15	$	1.84
Diluted earnings per common share	Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.68	$	0.64	$	1.84	$	2.18	Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.64	$	0.68	$	2.15	$	1.84

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

FIVE STAR BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

~~(In thousands)~~

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Net income $ 11,704 $ 11,026 $ 31,519 $ 31,132
Net unrealized holding loss on securities available-for-sale during the period (4,718) (4) (22,005) (713)
Reclassification adjustment for net realized gains included in net income — (435) (5) (709)
Income tax benefit related to other comprehensive loss (1,395) (131) (6,506) (57)
Other comprehensive loss (3,323) (308) (15,504) (1,365)
Total comprehensive income $ 8,381 $ 10,718 $ 16,015 $ 29,767


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	11,045	$	11,704	$	36,935	$	31,519

Unrealized (losses) on securities:
Net unrealized holding (losses) on securities available-for-sale during the period	(4,195)		(4,718)		(3,516)		(22,005)
Reclassification adjustment for net realized (losses) included in net income	—		—		—		(5)
Income tax (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income	(1,240)		(1,395)		(1,039)		(6,506)
Other comprehensive (loss)	(2,955)		(3,323)		(2,477)		(15,504)

Total comprehensive income	$	8,090	$	8,381	$	34,458	$	16,015

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

FIVE STAR BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF ~~CHANGES IN~~ SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Three ~~months ended~~Months Ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022

(Unaudited)

~~(In thousands, except share and per share data)~~


		Common Stock			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Taxes		Total			Common Stock			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholders’ Equity
		Shares	Amount
Three months ended September 30, 2021
Balance at June 30, 2021		17,225,508	$	218,026	$	—	$	288	$	218,314
Net income		—	—		11,026		—		11,026
Other comprehensive loss		—	—		—		(308)		(308)
Stock compensation expense		—	190		—		—		190
Stock forfeitures		(1,700)	—		—		—		—
Cash dividends paid ($0.15 per share)		—	—		(2,584)		—		(2,584)
Balance at September 30, 2021		17,223,808	$	218,216	$	8,442	$	(20)	$	226,638

Three months ended September 30, 2022
(in thousands, except per share amounts)											(in thousands, except per share amounts)	Shares	Amount		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at June 30, 2022	Balance at June 30, 2022	17,245,983	$	219,023	$	26,924	$	(12,747)	$	233,200	Balance at June 30, 2022	17,245,983	$	219,023
Net income	Net income	—	—		11,704		—		11,704		Net income	—	—				11,704			—			11,704
Other comprehensive loss	Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(3,323)		(3,323)		Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—			(3,323)			(3,323)

Stock compensation expense	Stock compensation expense	—	164		—		—		164		Stock compensation expense	—	263		—			—			263
Director stock compensation expense		—	99		—		—		99

Cash dividends paid ($0.15 per share)	Cash dividends paid ($0.15 per share)	—	—		(2,586)		—		(2,586)		Cash dividends paid ($0.15 per share)	—	—		(2,586)			—			(2,586)
Balance at September 30, 2022	Balance at September 30, 2022	17,245,983	$	219,286	$	36,042	$	(16,070)	$	239,258	Balance at September 30, 2022	17,245,983	$	219,286	$	36,042		$	(16,070)		$	239,258

Balance at June 30, 2023											Balance at June 30, 2023	17,257,357	$	220,021	$	62,095		$	(12,976)		$	269,140

Net income											Net income	—	—		11,045			—			11,045
Other comprehensive loss											Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—			(2,955)			(2,955)

Stock compensation expense											Stock compensation expense	—	245		—			—			245

Cash dividends paid ($0.20 per share)											Cash dividends paid ($0.20 per share)	—	—		(3,451)			—			(3,451)
Balance at September 30, 2023											Balance at September 30, 2023	17,257,357	$	220,266	$	69,689		$	(15,931)		$	274,024

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

FIVE STAR BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF ~~CHANGES IN~~ SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Nine ~~months ended~~Months Ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022

(Unaudited)

~~(In thousands, except share and per share data)~~


		Common Stock			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Taxes		Total			Common Stock			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholders’ Equity
		Shares	Amount
Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Balance at December 31, 2020		11,000,273	$	110,082	$	22,348	$	1,345	$	133,775
Net income		—	—		31,132		—		31,132
Other comprehensive loss		—	—		—		(1,365)		(1,365)
Stock offering		6,054,750	111,243		—		—		111,243
Stock issued under stock award plans		132,707	—		—		—		—
Stock compensation expense		—	402		—		—		402
Director stock compensation expense		40,500	810		—		—		810
Stock forfeitures		(4,422)	—		—		—		—
Reclassification of retained deficit		—	(4,321)		4,321		—		—
Cash dividends paid ($4.40 per share)		—	—		(49,359)		—		(49,359)
Balance at September 30, 2021		17,223,808	$	218,216	$	8,442	$	(20)	$	226,638

Nine months ended September 30, 2022
(in thousands, except per share amounts)											(in thousands, except per share amounts)	Shares	Amount		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021	Balance at December 31, 2021	17,224,848	$	218,444	$	17,168	$	(566)	$	235,046	Balance at December 31, 2021	17,224,848	$	218,444
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 842 on retained earnings											Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 842 on retained earnings	—	—				68			—			68
Net income	Net income	—	—		31,519		—		31,519		Net income	—	—		31,519			—			31,519
Other comprehensive loss	Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(15,504)		(15,504)		Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—			(15,504)			(15,504)
Stock issued under stock award plans	Stock issued under stock award plans	23,639	—		—		—		—		Stock issued under stock award plans	23,639	—		—			—			—
Stock compensation expense	Stock compensation expense	—	494		—		—		494		Stock compensation expense	—	842		—			—			842
Director stock compensation expense		—	348		—		—		348
Stock forfeitures											Stock forfeitures	(2,504)	—		—			—			—
Cash dividends paid ($0.90 per share)											Cash dividends paid ($0.90 per share)	—	—		(12,713)			—			(12,713)
Balance at September 30, 2022											Balance at September 30, 2022	17,245,983	$	219,286	$	36,042		$	(16,070)		$	239,258

Balance at December 31, 2022											Balance at December 31, 2022	17,241,926	$	219,543	$	46,736		$	(13,454)		$	252,825
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 326 on retained earnings											Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 326 on retained earnings	—	—		(4,491)			—			(4,491)
Net income											Net income	—	—		36,935			—			36,935
Other comprehensive loss											Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—			(2,477)			(2,477)
Stock issued under stock award plans											Stock issued under stock award plans	16,978	—		—			—			—
Stock compensation expense											Stock compensation expense	—	723		—			—			723
Stock forfeitures	Stock forfeitures	(2,504)	—		—		—		—		Stock forfeitures	(1,547)	—		—			—			—

Cumulative effect of adoption of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 842 on retained earnings		—	—		68		—		68
Cash dividends paid ($0.90 per share)		—	—		(12,713)		—		(12,713)
Balance at September 30, 2022		17,245,983	$	219,286	$	36,042	$	(16,070)	$	239,258
Cash dividends paid ($0.55 per share)											Cash dividends paid ($0.55 per share)	—	—		(9,491)			—			(9,491)
Balance at September 30, 2023											Balance at September 30, 2023	17,257,357	$	220,266	$	69,689		$	(15,931)		$	274,024

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FIVE STAR BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

~~Nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021~~

(Unaudited)

~~(In thousands)~~


		Nine months ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2022		2021
(in thousands)						(in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:	Cash flows from operating activities:					Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	Net income	$	31,519	$	31,132	Net income	$	36,935	$	31,519
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:					Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for loan losses		5,450		200
Provision for credit losses						Provision for credit losses	3,200		5,450
Depreciation and amortization						Depreciation and amortization	1,227		1,226
Amortization of deferred loan fees and costs						Amortization of deferred loan fees and costs	125		338
Amortization of premiums and discounts on securities						Amortization of premiums and discounts on securities	886		962
Amortization of subordinated debt issuance costs						Amortization of subordinated debt issuance costs	107		96
Stock compensation expense						Stock compensation expense	723		842
Earnings on BOLI						Earnings on BOLI	(355)		(293)
Deferred tax provision						Deferred tax provision	79		13
Loans originated for sale	Loans originated for sale	(44,993)		(34,211)		Loans originated for sale	(39,915)		(44,993)
Gain on sale of loans	Gain on sale of loans	(2,297)		(3,010)		Gain on sale of loans	(1,635)		(2,297)
Proceeds from sale of loans	Proceeds from sale of loans	36,275		31,954		Proceeds from sale of loans	32,224		36,275
Net gain on sale of securities available-for-sale	Net gain on sale of securities available-for-sale	(5)		(709)		Net gain on sale of securities available-for-sale	—		(5)
Earnings on BOLI		(293)		(180)
Stock compensation expense		494		402
Director stock compensation expense		348		810
Change in deferred loan fees		338		(997)
Amortization and accretion of security premiums and discounts		962		1,120
Amortization of subordinated notes issuance costs		96		50
Depreciation and amortization		485		408
Decrease in operating lease liability	Decrease in operating lease liability	(729)		—		Decrease in operating lease liability	(714)		(729)
Amortization of operating lease ROUA		741		—
Deferred tax provision		13		(4,283)
Cost method of investment-related gain						Cost method of investment-related gain	(1,274)		—
Net changes in:	Net changes in:					Net changes in:
Interest receivable and other assets	Interest receivable and other assets	(3,240)		(1,419)		Interest receivable and other assets	(5,523)		(3,240)
Interest payable and other liabilities	Interest payable and other liabilities	2,342		3,422		Interest payable and other liabilities	14,457		2,342
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	27,506		24,689		Net cash provided by operating activities	40,547		27,506
Cash flows from investing activities:	Cash flows from investing activities:					Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale	Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale	1,623		40,772		Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale	—		1,623
Maturities, prepayments, and calls of securities available-for-sale	Maturities, prepayments, and calls of securities available-for-sale	13,052		13,639		Maturities, prepayments, and calls of securities available-for-sale	8,134		13,052
Purchases of securities available-for-sale	Purchases of securities available-for-sale	(1,641)		(92,093)		Purchases of securities available-for-sale	—		(1,641)
Net change in time deposits in banks	Net change in time deposits in banks	4,248		6,501		Net change in time deposits in banks	2,878		4,248
Loan originations, net of repayments	Loan originations, net of repayments	(639,040)		(196,280)		Loan originations, net of repayments	(212,137)		(639,040)
Purchase of premises and equipment	Purchase of premises and equipment	(406)		(375)		Purchase of premises and equipment	(470)		(406)
Purchase of FHLB stock	Purchase of FHLB stock	(4,223)		(491)		Purchase of FHLB stock	(4,110)		(4,223)
Purchase of BOLI	Purchase of BOLI	(3,054)		(2,300)		Purchase of BOLI	(2,000)		(3,054)
Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	(629,441)		(230,627)		Net cash used in investing activities	(207,705)		(629,441)
Cash flows from financing activities:	Cash flows from financing activities:					Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits	Net change in deposits	328,442		384,393		Net change in deposits	250,206		328,442
Proceeds from issuance of stock		—		111,243
FHLB advances		105,000		—

FHLB advances (payments)						FHLB advances (payments)	(10,000)		105,000
Cash dividends paid	Cash dividends paid	(12,713)		(49,359)		Cash dividends paid	(9,491)		(12,713)
Proceeds from subordinated note issuance	Proceeds from subordinated note issuance	75,000		—		Proceeds from subordinated note issuance	—		75,000
Subordinated note issuance costs	Subordinated note issuance costs	(1,454)		—		Subordinated note issuance costs	—		(1,454)
Net cash provided by financing activities	Net cash provided by financing activities	494,275		446,277		Net cash provided by financing activities	230,715		494,275
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(107,660)		240,339		Net change in cash and cash equivalents	63,557		(107,660)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	425,329		290,493		Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	259,991		425,329
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	317,669	$	530,832	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	323,548	$	317,669

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:	Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:					Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	Interest paid	$	1,345	$	3,090	Interest paid	$	43,817	$	3,057
Income taxes paid	Income taxes paid	$	5,200	$	5,150	Income taxes paid	1,480		5,200

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Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Transfer from loans held for investment to loans held for sale		$	10,671	$	4,820
Supplemental disclosure of noncash items:						Supplemental disclosure of noncash items:
Transfer from loans held for sale to loans held for investment						Transfer from loans held for sale to loans held for investment	$	9,416	$	10,671
Unrealized loss on securities	Unrealized loss on securities	$	(22,005)	$	(1,365)	Unrealized loss on securities	(3,516)		(22,005)
Operating lease liabilities recorded in conjunction with adoption of ASC 842	Operating lease liabilities recorded in conjunction with adoption of ASC 842	$	5,221	$	—	Operating lease liabilities recorded in conjunction with adoption of ASC 842	—		5,221
ROUA recorded in conjunction with adoption of ASC 842	ROUA recorded in conjunction with adoption of ASC 842	$	4,974	$	—	ROUA recorded in conjunction with adoption of ASC 842	—		4,974
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 842 on retained earnings		$	68	$	—
Operating lease liabilities exchanged for ROUA						Operating lease liabilities exchanged for ROUA	1,513		—
ROUA acquired						ROUA acquired	(1,534)		—
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 842 on retained earnings, net of tax						Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 842 on retained earnings, net of tax	—		68
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 326 on retained earnings, net of tax						Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 326 on retained earnings, net of tax	(4,491)		—

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Note 1: Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

~~Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation~~(a) Organization

Five Star Bank (the “Bank”) was chartered on October 26, 1999 and began operations on December 20, 1999. Five Star Bancorp (“Bancorp” or the “Company”) was incorporated on September 16, 2002 and subsequently obtained approval from the Federal Reserve to be a bank holding company in connection with its acquisition of the Bank. The Company became the sole shareholder of the Bank on June 2, 2003 in a statutory merger, pursuant to which each outstanding share of the Bank’s common stock was exchanged for one share of common stock of the Company.

The Company, through the Bank, provides financial services to customers who are predominately small and middle-market businesses, professionals, and individuals residing in the Northern California region. The ~~Company's~~Company’s primary loan products are commercial real estate loans, land development loans, construction loans, and operating lines of credit, and its primary deposit products are checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, and term certificate accounts. The Bank currently has seven branch offices in Roseville, Natomas, Rancho Cordova, Redding, Elk Grove, Chico, and Yuba City, and one loan production office in Sacramento.

The Company terminated its status as a Subchapter S corporation as of May 5, 2021, in connection with the Company’s Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) and became a taxable C Corporation. Prior to that date, as an S Corporation, the Company had no U.S. federal income tax expense.

In connection with the IPO, the Company issued 6,054,750 shares of common stock, no par value, which included 789,750 shares sold pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares. The securities were sold to the public at a price of $20.00 per share and began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on May 5, 2021. On May 7, 2021, the closing date of the IPO, the Company received total net proceeds of $111.2 million. The net proceeds less other related expenses, including audit fees, legal fees, listing fees, and other expenses, totaled $109.1 million.

(b) Basis of Financial Statement Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) as contained within the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) ~~Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)~~ASC and the rules and regulations of the SEC, including the instructions to Regulation S-X. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments and accruals) which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with, and should be read in conjunction with, the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K”), which was filed with the SEC on February ~~25, 2022.~~24, 2023.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include ~~Five Star~~ Bancorp and its wholly owned subsidiary, ~~Five Star~~the Bank. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year ending December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

The Company’s accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and to general practices within the banking industry.

Certain amounts reported in previous consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. These reclassifications did not affect previously reported amounts of net income, total assets, or total shareholders’ equity.

While the Company’s chief decision-makers monitor the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed, and financial performance is evaluated, on a Company-wide basis. Discrete financial information is not available other than on a Company-wide basis. Accordingly, all of the financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

~~The Company’s accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and to general practices within the banking industry.~~(d) Emerging Growth Company

The Company qualifies as an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and, as such, may take advantage of specified reduced reporting requirements and deferred accounting standards adoption dates, and is relieved of other significant requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to other public companies. The Company will remain an Emerging Growth Company for five years after its IPO date of May 5, 2021, unless one of the following occurs: (i) total annual gross revenues are $1.235 billion or more; (ii) the Company issues more than

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~~Use~~$1 billion in non-convertible debt; or (iii) the Company becomes a large accelerated filer with a public float of ~~Estimates~~more than $0.7 billion.

~~Management~~(e) Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are included in Note 1, Basis of Presentation on the 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no changes to these significant accounting policies during the first nine months of 2023 other than adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments and all subsequent amendments that modified ASU 2016-13 (collectively, “ASC 326”) as discussed below in this Note, which impacted the following policies:

Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”)

The ACL is ~~required~~a valuation account that offsets the amortized cost basis of loans receivable and certain other financial assets, including unfunded loan commitments and held-to-maturity debt securities. Under ASC 326, amortized cost basis is the basis on which the ACL is determined. Amortized cost basis on loans receivable is principal outstanding, net of any purchase premiums and discounts, and net of any deferred loan fees and costs.

Credit losses are charged off when management believes that the collectability of at least some portion of outstanding principal is unlikely. These charge-offs are recorded as a reversal to, ~~make~~thereby reducing, the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent recoveries of previously charged-off amounts, if any, are recorded as a provision to, thereby increasing, the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level to absorb expected credit losses over the contractual life, including consideration of prepayments. Determining the adequacy of the allowance is complex and requires judgments that are inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to revision as additional information becomes available. While the Company has determined an allowance for credit losses it considers appropriate, there can be no assurance that the allowance will be sufficient to absorb future losses.

The Company’s process for determining expected lifetime credit losses entails a loan-level, model-based approach and considers a broad range of information, including historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Credit loss is estimated for all loans. Accordingly, the Company has stratified the full loan population into segments sharing similar characteristics to perform the evaluation of the credit loss collectively. The Company can also further stratify loans of similar types, risk attributes, and methods for credit risk monitoring.

The Company has determined pools based primarily on regulatory reporting codes as the loans within each pool share similar risk characteristics and there is sufficient historical peer loss data from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council to provide statistically meaningful support in the models developed. The Company further stratified the C&I portfolio into traditional C&I loans and SBA loans, as the loans in these pools have different repayment structures and credit risk characteristics. The Company also stratified C&I loans and consumer loans that do not require reserves, as the Company has third party agreements in place to cover loan losses. The Company has identified the following pools subject to an estimate of credit loss: (1) 1-4 Family Construction; (2) Other Construction; (3) Farmland; (4) Revolving Secured by 1-4 Family; (5) Residential Secured by First Liens; (6) Residential Secured by Junior Liens; (7) Multifamily; (8) CRE Owner Occupied; (9) CRE Non-Owner Occupied; (10) Agriculture; (11) C&I; (12) C&I SBA; (13) Consumer; and (14) Municipal.

The Company has determined, given its limited loss experience, that peer data and other external data to support loss history provides the best basis for its assessment of expected credit losses. The Company believes that the use of peer loss data from 2008 to 2019 presents loss histories that appropriately reflect a full economic cycle, reflects asset-specific risk characteristics at each pool level identified, and includes a historical look-back period that is objective and reflective of future expected credit losses. Loss data from 2020 to 2021 was excluded from the data set to exclude pandemic-related data in the models.

The method for determining the estimate of lifetime credit losses includes, among other things, the following main components: (i) the use of Probability of Default (“PD”) and Loss Given Default (“LGD”) assumptions under a Discounted Cash Flow model; (ii) a multi-scenario macroeconomic forecast; (iii) an initial and reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year for all loan segments; and (iv) a reversion period of one year using a linear transition method to historical loss rates.

Given the inherent limitations of a quantitative-only model, qualitative adjustments are included to factor in data points not captured from a quantitative analysis alone.

Qualitative criteria that can be considered includes, among other things, the following:

•Concentrations – the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations;

•Volume – changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of the loans;

•Economic – changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the ~~reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date~~collectability of the ~~consolidated financial statements~~portfolio, including the condition of various market segments;

•Policy – changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses;

•Quality – changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of non-accrual loans, and the ~~reported amounts~~volume and severity of ~~revenues~~adversely classified or graded loans; and ~~expenses during~~

•External – the ~~reporting period. These estimates~~effect of other external factors, such as competition and ~~assumptions affect~~legal and regulatory requirements on the ~~amounts reported~~level of estimated credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio.

Management reviews current information on a quarterly basis to assess the forecasted future economic impact for purposes of evaluating the adequacy of the ACL. The forecasted direction and magnitude of change with respect to future economic conditions is then assessed against the estimate in the model. Any changes resulting from the quarterly assessment are recorded in “Provision for credit losses” in the unaudited consolidated statements of income.

Accrued Interest

Accrued interest receivable is excluded from amortized cost of all financial ~~statements~~instrument types and included in “Interest receivable and other assets” in the ~~disclosures~~unaudited consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable is not subject to an estimate for credit loss, as the Company has a policy to charge off accrued interest deemed uncollectible in a timely manner. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, which occurs within 90 days of a borrower becoming delinquent, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period income.

Individually Assessed Loans

If an individual loan’s characteristics have deteriorated to below a range of the overall pool, the loan would be individually assessed. Individually assessed loans are measured for credit loss based on one of the following methods: (i) present value of future expected cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (ii) amount by which carrying value of the loan exceeds the loan’s observable market price; or (iii) the fair value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. The Company applies the practical expedient and defines collateral dependent loans as those where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and on which payment is expected to be provided ~~and actual results could differ. The~~substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral.

Available-for-sale (“AFS”) Debt Securities

Unrealized credit losses are recognized through an allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses instead of an adjustment to amortized cost basis, eliminating the other-than-temporary impairment concept. For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the ~~most significant accounting estimate reflected~~security before recovery of amortized cost basis. If either criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through earnings. For AFS debt securities that do not meet the above conditions, the Company evaluates at the individual security level whether the decrease in fair value has resulted from credit factors or non-credit factors. If assessment determines that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis of the security, then a credit loss would be recognized, limited to the amount by which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. All other changes in fair value of an AFS debt security are recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Changes in the allowance for credit losses, if any, are recognized as a provision for (or reversal of) credit losses. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s ~~consolidated financial statements.~~

~~Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)~~

~~Basic EPS~~portfolio of AFS debt securities is ~~net income divided~~comprised primarily of debt, mortgage-backed securities, and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by the ~~weighted average number~~U.S. government, its agencies, or government-sponsored enterprises, which are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government. The remainder of ~~common shares outstanding during~~ the period less average unvested restricted stock awards (“RSAs”). Diluted EPS includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares related to unvested RSAs using the treasury stock method. The Company has two forms of outstanding common stock: common stock and unvested RSAs. Holders of unvested RSAs receive non-forfeitable dividends at the same rate as common shareholders and they both share equally in undistributed earnings, and therefore the RSAs are considered participating securities. However, under the two-class method, the difference in EPSportfolio is ~~not significant for these participating securities.~~

Three months ended Nine months ended
(in thousands, except share and per share data) September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021
Net income $ 11,704 $ 11,026 $ 31,519 $ 31,132
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding 17,140,435 17,095,957 17,123,016 14,256,993
Add: Dilutive effects of assumed vesting of restricted stock 28,012 27,225 37,794 15,538
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding 17,168,447 17,123,182 17,160,810 14,272,531
Earnings per common share:
Basic EPS $ 0.68 $ 0.64 $ 1.84 $ 2.18
Diluted EPS $ 0.68 $ 0.64 $ 1.84 $ 2.18

~~The Company did not have any anti-dilutive shares at September 30, 2022 or September 30, 2021.~~primarily

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~~For~~comprised of obligations of state and political subdivisions, which are generally rated as high grade. The history of minimal credit losses from these issuers indicates that expectation of non-payment of the ~~three months ended September 30, 2021~~amortized cost basis is zero. As such, the Company determined that the unrealized loss positions in AFS securities were not due to credit losses, but instead related to changes in interest rates and general market conditions and therefore, no credit loss expense was recognized.

Loan Commitments

Loan commitments not unconditionally cancellable are subject to an estimate of credit loss under the CECL model. The Company’s process for determining the estimate of credit loss on loan commitments is the same as it is on loans. Unfunded loan commitment reserves are included in “Interest payable and other liabilities” in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities

The Company’s process for determining the estimate of credit loss on held-to-maturity debt securities is substantially similar to what it is on loans, with segmenting not being applicable. As the amount of held-to-maturity debt securities that the Company carries is limited and given the determination that expected credit loss was immaterial, an immaterial amount was recognized in the ACL upon adoption and no credit loss expense was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022, pro forma EPS is actual EPS given that~~2023.

TDRs and Other Loan Modifications

In accordance with the ~~Company was a C Corporation~~adoption of ASC 326, which includes ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, accounting guidance for ~~the entirety~~TDRs for creditors has been eliminated. New guidance with respect to recognition, measurement, and disclosures of ~~each period. For the nine months ended~~loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties supersedes guidance on TDRs. As of September 30, ~~2021, pro forma EPS is calculated by applying an effective tax~~2023, the amount of loans modified for borrowers due to experiencing financial difficulties under criteria of principal forgiveness, interest rate of 23.25%, which is the actual effective tax rate, excluding the effects of the discrete deferred tax adjustment of $4.6 million, as discussed in Note 9. The following reconciliation table provides a detailed calculation of pro forma EPS:

Three months ended Nine months ended
(in thousands, except share and per share data) September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021
Net income before provision for income taxes - GAAP $ 16,534 $ 13,296 $ 44,089 $ 34,518
Less: Actual/pro forma provision for income taxes 4,830 2,270 12,570 8,024
Actual/pro forma net income $ 11,704 $ 11,026 $ 31,519 $ 26,494
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding 17,140,435 17,095,957 17,123,016 14,256,993
Add: Dilutive effects of assumed vesting of restricted stock 28,012 27,225 37,794 15,538
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding 17,168,447 17,123,182 17,160,810 14,272,531
Earnings per common share:
Basic EPS (actual/pro forma) $ 0.68 $ 0.64 $ 1.84 $ 1.86
Diluted EPS (actual/pro forma) $ 0.68 $ 0.64 $ 1.84 $ 1.86

~~Reclassifications~~

reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, or term extension was immaterial.

~~Note 2:~~(f) Recently Issued Accounting Standards

The following ~~reflect~~information reflects recent accounting standards that have been adopted or are pending adoption by the Company. ~~As discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation, the~~The Company qualifies as an emerging growth company and, as such, has elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards and is not subject to the new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies during the extended transition period. The accounting standards discussed below indicate effective dates for the Company as an emerging growth company ~~with~~using the extended transition period.

Accounting Standards Adopted

~~In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02,~~ ~~Leases (Topic 842)~~. Among other things, ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet, thus increasing reported assets and liabilities. Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to historical GAAP. The FASB has issued incremental guidance to Topic 842 standard through ASU No. 2018-10, 2018-11, and 2021-05. The Company has elected to use the transition relief approach as provided in ASU 2018-11, which permitsOn January 1, 2023, the Company ~~to use January 1, 2022 as both~~adopted ASC 326, which replaces the application date and the adoption date, rather than the modified retrospective approach. The Company also elected certain relief options offered within the new standard, which include the package of practical expedients, the option not to recognize an ROUA and lease liability that arise from short-term leases (i.e., leases with terms of 12 months or less), and the option of hindsight when determining lease term. Substantially all of the Company’s lease agreements are considered operating leases and were not previously recognized on the Company’s balance sheets. As of January 1, 2022, the Company recorded an ROUA and corresponding lease liability for all applicable operating leases. While the guidance increased the Company’s gross assets and liabilities, the adoption of ASU 2016-02 did not have a material impact on the consolidated statements of income or the consolidated statements of cash flows. See Note 7, Leases, for more information.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

~~In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12,~~ ~~Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.~~ The primary objective of the amendments in this update is to simplify the application of hedge accounting. More specifically, the amendments in this update better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. Furthermore, the amendments expand and refine hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. Additionally, amendments in this update require an entity to present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. Hedge ineffectiveness is no longer separately measured and reported. The amendments in this update were effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2022. The impact of adopting this ASU was immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

~~Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted~~

~~In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13,~~ ~~Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard will replace the~~current “incurred loss” model for recognizing credit losses with ~~a “current expected credit~~an “expected loss” model referred to as the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) model. The CECL model ~~will apply~~applies to estimated credit losses on loans receivable, held-to-maturity debt securities, unfunded loan commitments, and certain other financial assets measured at amortized cost. The CECL model is based on lifetime expected losses, rather than incurred losses, and requires the recognition of credit loss expense in the consolidated statement of income and a related allowance for credit losses on the consolidated statement of condition at the time of origination or purchase of a loan receivable or held-to-maturity debt security. Likewise, subsequent changes in this estimate are recorded through credit loss expense and related allowance. The CECL model requires the use of not only relevant historical experience and current conditions, but reasonable and supportable forecasts of future events and circumstances, incorporating a broad range of information in developing credit loss estimates, which could result in significant changes to both the timing and amount of credit loss expense and allowance. Under ~~ASU 2016-13,~~ASC 326, available-for-sale debt securities are evaluated for impairment if fair value is less than amortized ~~cost. Estimated~~cost, with any estimated credit losses ~~are~~ recorded through a credit loss expense and an allowance, rather than a write-down of the investment. Changes in fair value that are not credit-related will continue to be recorded in other comprehensive income. The ASU also expands the disclosure requirements regarding assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for loan losses. In addition, entities will need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, which eliminates the recognition and measurement guidance on troubled debt restructurings and requires enhanced disclosures about loan modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. ASU 2016-13, and subsequently, ASU 2022-02, are effective for the Company ~~for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Entities will apply~~adopted this standard using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance was effective for financial assets measured at amortized cost. For certain new disclosures required under ASC 326, such as credit quality indicators by year of origination, we have not restated comparative financial information before January 1, 2023 to conform under ASC 326. This adoption method is ~~effective. While~~considered a change in accounting principle requiring additional disclosure of the nature and reason for the change, which is solely due to adoption of ASC 326. On January 1, 2023, the Company ~~believes~~also adopted ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which had no material impact.

The following table reflects the ~~change from an incurred loss model to a CECL model has the potential to increase the allowance for loan losses at the adoption date,~~cumulative-effect adjustments the Company ~~cannot reasonably quantify the impact of~~recorded on January 1, 2023 for the adoption of ASC 326.


	January 1, 2023
(in thousands)	Pre-ASC 326 Adoption		Impact of ASC 326 Adoption		Post-ASC 326 Adoption
Assets:
Allowance for Credit Losses	$	(28,389)	$	(5,282)	$	(33,671)
Deferred Tax Asset (Interest receivable and other assets)	12,273		1,883		14,156

Liabilities:
Reserve for Unfunded Commitments (Interest payable and other liabilities)	(125)		(1,092)		(1,217)

Shareholders’ Equity:
Retained Earnings	(46,736)		4,491		(42,245)

Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

For the amendments on its financial condition or results of operations at this time due to the complexity of and extensive changes resulting from these amendments. The Company is working with a third-party vendor to identify data gaps and determine the appropriate methodologies and resources to utilize in preparation for its transition to thefiscal year beginning January 1, 2023, there have been no new accounting ~~standard, including~~standards issued but not ~~limited to the use of certain tools to forecast future economic conditions~~yet adopted that ~~affect the cash flows of loans over their lifetime.~~

~~In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04,~~ ~~Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). The amendments in this ASU~~ are elective and provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform. The amendments in this ASU provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be ~~discontinued because of reference rate reform. Additionally, in~~material to the Company. There are also no accounting standards issued before January ~~2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01,~~ ~~Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848),~~ ~~which refines the scope of ASC 848 and clarifies its guidance, permitting entities~~1, 2023 yet to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, computing variation margin settlements, and calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities under way in global financial markets. The amendments in these ASUs may be elected as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. An entity may choose to elect the amendments in these updates at an interim period subsequent to March 12, 2020, with adoption methods varying based on transaction type. The Company has not elected to apply these amendments; however, the Company is assessing the applicability of these ASUs and continues to monitor guidance for reference rate reform from the FASB and its impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

adopted.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

Note 3:2: Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value Hierarchy and Fair Value Measurement

Accounting standards require the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The fair values of securities are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs) or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs).

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities that were required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Measurement Categories: Changes in Fair Value Recorded In1	(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Measurement Categories: Changes in Fair Value Recorded In
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2023											September 30, 2023
Assets:	Assets:										Assets:
Securities available-for-sale:	Securities available-for-sale:										Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agencies, mortgage-backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, collateralized mortgage obligations, and corporate bonds	U.S. government agencies, mortgage-backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, collateralized mortgage obligations, and corporate bonds	$	114,041	$	—	$	114,041	$	—	OCI	U.S. government agencies, mortgage-backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, collateralized mortgage obligations, and corporate bonds	$	104,086	$	—	$	104,086	$	—	OCI
Derivatives – interest rate swap	Derivatives – interest rate swap	21		—		21		—		NI	Derivatives – interest rate swap	5		—		5		—		NI
Liabilities:	Liabilities:										Liabilities:
Derivatives – interest rate swap	Derivatives – interest rate swap	21		—		21		—		NI	Derivatives – interest rate swap	5		—		5		—		NI

December 31, 2021
December 31, 2022											December 31, 2022
Assets:	Assets:										Assets:
Securities available-for-sale:	Securities available-for-sale:										Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agencies, mortgage-backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, collateralized mortgage obligations, and corporate bonds	U.S. government agencies, mortgage-backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, collateralized mortgage obligations, and corporate bonds	$	148,807	$	—	$	148,807	$	—	OCI	U.S. government agencies, mortgage-backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, collateralized mortgage obligations, and corporate bonds	$	115,988	$	—	$	115,988	$	—	OCI
Derivatives – interest rate swap	Derivatives – interest rate swap	92		—		92		—		NI	Derivatives – interest rate swap	16		—		16		—		NI
Liabilities:	Liabilities:										Liabilities:
Derivatives – interest rate swap	Derivatives – interest rate swap	92		—		92		—		NI	Derivatives – interest rate swap	16		—		16		—		NI

1~~Other comprehensive income (“OCI”) or net income (“NI”).~~

Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. When available, quoted market prices (Level 1 inputs) are used to determine the fair value of available-for-sale securities. If quoted market prices are not available, management obtains pricing information from a reputable third-party service provider, who may utilize valuation

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

techniques that use current market-based or independently sourced parameters, such as bid/ask prices, dealer-quoted prices, interest rates, benchmark yield curves, prepayment speeds, probability of default, loss severity, and credit spreads (Level 2 inputs). Level 2 securities include U.S. ~~agencies'~~agencies’ or government-sponsored ~~enterprises’ ("GSEs")~~agencies’ debt securities, mortgage-backed securities, government ~~agency issued~~agency-issued bonds, privately issued collateralized mortgage obligations, and corporate bonds. Level 3 securities are based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. In addition, values use discounted cash flow models and may include significant management judgment and estimation. As of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, there were no Level 1 available-for-sale securities and no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 classifications for assets or ~~Level 3 available-for-sale securities. The discounted cash flow model is used to determine the~~liabilities measured at fair value ~~of held-to-maturity securities.~~on a recurring basis.

On a recurring basis, derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value, which is based on the income approach using observable Level 2 market inputs, reflecting market expectations of future interest rates as of the measurement date. Standard valuation techniques are used to calculate the present value of the future expected cash flows assuming an orderly transaction. Valuation adjustments may be made to reflect both the Company’s credit risk and the counterparties’ credit risk in determining the fair value of the derivatives. A similar credit risk adjustment, correlated to the credit standing of the counterparty, is made when collateral posted by the counterparty does not fully cover their liability to the Company.

Certain financial assets may be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are subject to fair value adjustments that result from the application of the lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets, such as collateral dependent ~~impaired~~ loans and other real estate ~~owned (“OREO”).~~owned. As of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the ~~Company did not carry any~~carrying amount of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring ~~basis.~~basis was immaterial to the Company.

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The table below is a summary of fair value estimates for financial instruments as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The carrying amounts in the following table are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets under the indicated captions. Further, management has not disclosed the fair value of financial instruments specifically excluded from disclosure requirements, such as BOLI.


		September 30, 2022					December 31, 2021						September 30, 2023					December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Carrying Amounts		Fair Value		Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amounts		Fair Value		Fair Value Hierarchy	(in thousands)	Carrying Amounts		Fair Value		Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amounts		Fair Value		Fair Value Hierarchy
Financial assets:	Financial assets:											Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	317,669	$	317,669	Level 1	$	425,329	$	425,329	Level 1	Cash and cash equivalents	$	323,548	$	323,548	Level 1	$	259,991	$	259,991	Level 1
Time deposits in banks	Time deposits in banks	10,216		10,216		Level 1	14,464		14,464		Level 1	Time deposits in banks	6,971		6,971		Level 1	9,849		9,849		Level 1
Securities available-for-sale	Securities available-for-sale	114,041		114,041		Level 2	148,807		148,807		Level 2	Securities available-for-sale	104,086		104,086		Level 2	115,988		115,988		Level 2
Securities held-to-maturity	Securities held-to-maturity	3,764		3,441		Level 3	4,946		5,197		Level 3	Securities held-to-maturity	3,104		2,811		Level 3	3,756		3,432		Level 3
Loans held for sale	Loans held for sale	11,015		11,492		Level 2	10,671		11,217		Level 2	Loans held for sale	9,326		10,286		Level 2	9,416		9,785		Level 2
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses		2,555,140		2,366,342		Level 3	1,911,217		1,893,431		Level 3
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses												Loans held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses	2,975,902		2,773,007		Level 3	2,762,937		2,570,176		Level 3
FHLB stock and other investments	FHLB stock and other investments	16,636		N/A		N/A	12,464		N/A		N/A	FHLB stock and other investments	21,693		N/A		N/A	16,570		N/A		N/A
Interest receivable		5,851		5,851		Level 2	5,332		5,332		Level 2
Interest rate swap	Interest rate swap	21		21		Level 2	92		92		Level 2	Interest rate swap	5		5		Level 2	16		16		Level 2
Financial liabilities:	Financial liabilities:											Financial liabilities:
Deposits		2,614,332		2,418,124		Level 2	2,285,890		2,210,555		Level 2
Interest payable		306		306		Level 2	23		23		Level 2
Interest rate swap	Interest rate swap	21		21		Level 2	92		92		Level 2	Interest rate swap	$	5	$	5	Level 2	$	16	$	16	Level 2
FHLB advances												FHLB advances	90,000		90,000		Level 2	100,000		100,000		Level 2
Subordinated notes	Subordinated notes	102,028		101,288		Level 3	28,386		28,386		Level 3	Subordinated notes	73,713		72,632		Level 3	73,606		72,273		Level 3

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company to estimate the fair value of its financial instruments at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

Cash and cash equivalents and time deposits in banks: The carrying amount is estimated to be fair value due to the liquid nature of the assets and their short-term maturities.

Investment securities: See discussion above for the methods and assumptions used by the Company to estimate the fair value of investment securities.

~~Table~~ Fair value of ~~Contents~~held-to-maturity securities is estimated by calculating the net present value of future cash flows based on observable market data, such as interest rates and yield curves (observable at commonly quoted intervals) as provided by an independent third party.

Loans held for sale: For loans held for sale, the fair value is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for portfolios with similar characteristics.

Loans held for investment, net of allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses: For variable rate loans that reprice frequently with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, which use interest rates being offered at each reporting date for loans with similar terms to borrowers of comparable creditworthiness without considering widening credit spreads due to market illiquidity, which approximates the exit price notion. The allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses is considered to be a reasonable estimate of loan discount for credit quality concerns.

~~Interest receivable~~FHLB stock and ~~payable~~other investments: ~~For interest receivable~~Carrying amounts of these investments are reasonable estimates of fair value because the securities are restricted to member banks and ~~payable, the carrying amount is estimated to be fair~~do not have a readily determinable market value.

Derivatives - interest rate swap: See above for a discussion of the methods and assumptions used by the Company to estimate the fair value of derivatives.

~~Deposits~~FHLB advances: ~~The fair values for demand deposits are, by definition, equal~~For FHLB advances, the carrying amount is estimated to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date, as represented by their carrying amount. Fair values for fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis that uses interest rates being offered at each reporting date by the Company for certificates with similar remaining maturities. For variable rate time deposits, cost approximatesbe fair value.

Subordinated notes: The fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flow using the current three-month ~~LIBOR.~~CME Term SOFR. The ~~Company's~~Company’s subordinated notes are not registered securities and were issued through private placements, resulting in a Level 3 classification. The notes are recorded at carrying value.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

Note 4:3: Investment Securities

The Company’s investment securities portfolio includes obligations of states and political subdivisions, securities issued by U.S. federal government agencies, such as the ~~Small Business Administration (the “SBA”),~~SBA, and securities issued by U.S. GSEs, such as the ~~Federal National Mortgage Association (the “FNMA”),~~FNMA, the ~~Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (the “FHLMC”),~~FHLMC, and the FHLB. The Company also invests in residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by ~~the GSEs,~~government sponsored entities, and corporate bonds, as reflected in the following tables.

A summary of the amortized cost and fair value related to securities held-to-maturity as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 is presented below.


(in thousands)	(in thousands)			Gross Unrealized						(in thousands)	Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized					Fair Value
		Amortized Cost		Gains		(Losses)		Fair Value					Gains			(Losses)
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2023										September 30, 2023
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	3,764	$	—	$	(323)	$	3,441	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	3,104		$	—		$	(293)	$	2,811
Total held-to-maturity	Total held-to-maturity	$	3,764	$	—	$	(323)	$	3,441	Total held-to-maturity	$	3,104		$	—		$	(293)	$	2,811
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2022										December 31, 2022
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	4,946	$	251	$	—	$	5,197	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	3,756		$	—		$	(324)	$	3,432
Total held-to-maturity	Total held-to-maturity	$	4,946	$	251	$	—	$	5,197	Total held-to-maturity	$	3,756		$	—		$	(324)	$	3,432

For securities issued by states and political subdivisions, for purposes of evaluating whether to recognize credit loss expense, management considers: (i) issuer and/or guarantor credit ratings; (ii) historical probability of default and loss given default rates for given bond ratings and remaining maturity; (iii) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities; (iv) internal credit review of the financial information; and (v) whether or not such securities have credit enhancements such as guarantees, contain a defeasance clause, or are pre-refunded by the issuers.

The Company adopted ASC 326 on January 1, 2023, which affects accounting of credit loss expense on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities. Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for further detail.

A summary of the amortized cost and fair value related to securities available-for-sale as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 is presented below.


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized					Fair Value		(in thousands)		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
				Gains			(Losses)						Gains			(Losses)
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2023												September 30, 2023
U.S. government agencies	U.S. government agencies	$	15,492		$	76		$	(248)	$	15,320	U.S. government agencies		$	11,281	$	110	$	(182)	$	11,209
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	74,551			—			(13,353)		61,198		Mortgage-backed securities		68,715		—		(14,252)		54,463
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	44,358			—			(8,930)		35,428		Obligations of states and political subdivisions		44,325		—		(7,974)		36,351
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	454			—			(40)		414		Collateralized mortgage obligations		382		—		(45)		337
Corporate bonds	Corporate bonds	2,000			—			(319)		1,681		Corporate bonds		2,000		—		(274)		1,726
Total available-for-sale	Total available-for-sale	$	136,855		$	76		$	(22,890)	$	114,041	Total available-for-sale		$	126,703	$	110	$	(22,727)	$	104,086
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2022												December 31, 2022
U.S. government agencies	U.S. government agencies	$	19,824		$	60		$	(202)	$	19,682	U.S. government agencies		$	14,317	$	81	$	(225)	$	14,173
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	82,517			94			(1,098)		81,513		Mortgage-backed securities		73,111		1		(11,841)		61,271
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	44,732			525			(120)		45,137		Obligations of states and political subdivisions		45,223		21		(6,818)		38,426
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	537			3			—		540		Collateralized mortgage obligations		436		—		(41)		395
Corporate bonds	Corporate bonds	2,000			—			(65)		1,935		Corporate bonds		2,000		—		(277)		1,723
Total available-for-sale	Total available-for-sale	$	149,610		$	682		$	(1,485)	$	148,807	Total available-for-sale		$	135,087	$	103	$	(19,202)	$	115,988

2016

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

The amortized cost and fair value of investment ~~debt~~ securities by contractual maturity at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if the issuers of the securities have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	September 30, 2022								December 31, 2021								(in thousands)	September 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
		Held-to-Maturity				Available-for-Sale				Held-to-Maturity				Available-for-Sale					Held-to-Maturity				Available-for-Sale				Held-to-Maturity				Available-for-Sale
		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value			Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	Within one year	$	424	$	388	$	502	$	502	$	491	$	516	$	—	$	—	Within one year	$	304	$	275	$	—	$	—	$	417	$	381	$	501	$	501
After one but within five years	After one but within five years	1,015		928		—		—		951		999		507		522		After one but within five years	935		847		397		355		1,015		927		—		—
After five years through ten years	After five years through ten years	1,470		1,343		5,336		4,538		3,504		3,682		3,697		3,748		After five years through ten years	1,365		1,236		6,424		5,510		1,470		1,343		5,320		4,761
After ten years	After ten years	855		782		38,520		30,388		—		—		40,528		40,867		After ten years	500		453		37,504		30,486		854		781		39,402		33,164

Investment securities not due at a single maturity date:	Investment securities not due at a single maturity date:																	Investment securities not due at a single maturity date:
U.S. government agencies	U.S. government agencies	—		—		15,492		15,320		—		—		19,824		19,682		U.S. government agencies	—		—		11,281		11,209		—		—		14,317		14,173
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	—		—		74,551		61,198		—		—		82,517		81,513		Mortgage-backed securities	—		—		68,715		54,463		—		—		73,111		61,271
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		454		414		—		—		537		540		Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		382		337		—		—		436		395
Corporate bonds	Corporate bonds	—		—		2,000		1,681		—		—		2,000		1,935		Corporate bonds	—		—		2,000		1,726		—		—		2,000		1,723
Total	Total	$	3,764	$	3,441	$	136,855	$	114,041	$	4,946	$	5,197	$	149,610	$	148,807	Total	$	3,104	$	2,811	$	126,703	$	104,086	$	3,756	$	3,432	$	135,087	$	115,988

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Sales of investment securities and gross gains and losses are shown in the following table:

(in thousands) For the three months ended For the nine months ended
September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021
Available-for-sale:
Sales proceeds $ — $ 24,590 $ 1,623 $ 40,772
Gross realized gains — 435 5 709


(in thousands)	For the three months ended				For the nine months ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale:
Sales proceeds	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,623
Gross realized gains	—		—		—		5

Pledged investment securities are shown in the following table:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Pledged to the State of California:
Securing deposits of public funds and borrowings		$	20,098	$	63,363
Pledged to:						Pledged to:
The State of California, securing deposits of public funds and borrowings						The State of California, securing deposits of public funds and borrowings	$	54,076	$	40,465
The Federal Reserve Discount Window, increasing borrowing capacity						The Federal Reserve Discount Window, increasing borrowing capacity	49,128		—
Total pledged investment securities	Total pledged investment securities	$	20,098	$	63,363	Total pledged investment securities	$	103,204	$	40,465

The following table details the gross unrealized losses and fair values aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual available-for-sale securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


															Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total securities in a loss position
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	< 12 continuous months				≥ 12 continuous months				Total securities in a loss position				(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2023														September 30, 2023
U.S. government agencies	U.S. government agencies	$	3,264	$	(144)	$	9,132	$	(104)	$	12,396	$	(248)	U.S. government agencies	$	839	$	(19)	$	7,455	$	(163)	$	8,294	$	(182)
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	19,785		(3,445)		41,411		(9,908)		61,196		(13,353)		Mortgage-backed securities	214		(2)		54,249		(14,250)		54,463		(14,252)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	25,235		(5,743)		10,192		(3,187)		35,427		(8,930)		Obligations of states and political subdivisions	1,486		(34)		34,864		(7,940)		36,350		(7,974)
Collateralized mortgaged obligations		414		(40)		—		—		414		(40)
Collateralized mortgage obligations														Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		337		(45)		337		(45)
Corporate bonds	Corporate bonds	832		(168)		849		(151)		1,681		(319)		Corporate bonds	—		—		1,726		(274)		1,726		(274)
Total temporarily impaired securities		$	49,530	$	(9,540)	$	61,584	$	(13,350)	$	111,114	$	(22,890)
															$	2,539	$	(55)	$	98,631	$	(22,672)	$	101,170	$	(22,727)
December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022														December 31, 2022
U.S. government agencies	U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	—	$	13,399	$	(202)	$	13,399	$	(202)	U.S. government agencies	$	3,090	$	(125)	$	8,392	$	(100)	$	11,482	$	(225)
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	73,972		(1,046)		1,400		(52)		75,372		(1,098)		Mortgage-backed securities	4,360		(470)		56,908		(11,371)		61,268		(11,841)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	14,014		(112)		407		(8)		14,421		(120)		Obligations of states and political subdivisions	24,707		(4,097)		11,670		(2,721)		36,377		(6,818)
Collateralized mortgage obligations														Collateralized mortgage obligations	395		(41)		—		—		395		(41)
Corporate bonds	Corporate bonds	1,935		(65)		—		—		1,935		(65)		Corporate bonds	—		—		1,723		(277)		1,723		(277)
Total temporarily impaired securities		$	89,921	$	(1,223)	$	15,206	$	(262)	$	105,127	$	(1,485)
															$	32,552	$	(4,733)	$	78,693	$	(14,469)	$	111,245	$	(19,202)

There were 154 and 91152 available-for-sale securities in unrealized loss positions at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the investment portfolio included 75148 investment securities that had been in a continuous loss position for twelve months or more and 79six investment securities that had been in a loss position for less than twelve months.

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The Company periodically evaluates each available-for-sale investment security in an unrealized loss position to determine if the impairment is temporary or other than temporary and has determined that no investment security is other than temporarily impaired. The unrealized losses are due primarily to interest rate changes. The Company does not intend, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required, to sell the securities before the earlier of the forecasted recovery or the maturity of the underlying debt security.

There was one held-to-maturity security in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, ~~2022. This security was in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months. There were no held-to-maturity securities~~2023, which had been in a continuous loss position for more than 12twelve months.

Obligations issued or guaranteed by government agencies such as the ~~Government National Mortgage Association (the "GNMA")~~GNMA and the SBA or GSEs under conservatorship such as the FNMA and the FHLMC, are guaranteed or sponsored by agencies of the U.S. government and have strong credit profiles. The Company therefore expects to receive all contractual interest payments on time and believes the risk of credit losses on these securities is remote.

The Company’s investment in obligations of states and political subdivisions are deemed credit worthy after management’s comprehensive analysis of the issuers’ latest financial information, credit ratings by major credit agencies, and/or credit enhancements.

Non-Marketable Securities Included in Other Assets

FHLB capital stock: As a member of the FHLB, the Company is required to maintain a minimum investment in FHLB capital stock determined by the board of directors of the FHLB. The minimum investment requirements can increase in the event the Company increases its total asset size or borrowings with the FHLB. Shares cannot be purchased or sold except between the FHLB and its members at the $100 per share par value. The Company held ~~$10.9~~$15.0 million and ~~$6.7~~$10.9 million of FHLB stock at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The carrying amounts of these investments are reasonable estimates of fair value because the securities are restricted to member banks and do not have a readily determinable market value. Based on management’s analysis of the FHLB’s financial condition and certain qualitative factors, management determined that the FHLB stock was not impaired at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. On July ~~28, 2022,~~27, 2023, the FHLB announced a cash dividend for the second quarter of ~~2022~~2023 at an annualized dividend rate of ~~6.00%~~7.75%, which was paid on August 10, ~~2022.~~2023. Cash dividends received on FHLB capital stock amounted to ~~$0.2~~$0.3 million and ~~$0.1~~$0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and ~~$0.4~~$0.7 million and ~~$0.3~~$0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and were recorded as non-interest income on the unaudited consolidated statements of income.

2319

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Note 5:4: Loans and Allowance for ~~Loan~~Credit Losses

The Company’s loan portfolio is its largest class of earning assets and typically provides higher yields than other types of earning assets. Associated with the higher yields is an inherent amount of credit risk which the Company attempts to mitigate ~~with~~through strong ~~underwriting. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying value of total loans held for investment amounted to $2.6 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively.~~underwriting practices. The following table presents the balance of each major product type within the Company’s portfolio as of the dates indicated.


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Real estate:	Real estate:					Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	2,220,267	$	1,586,232	Commercial	$	2,599,616	$	2,394,674
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	13,476		7,376		Commercial land and development	15,482		7,477
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	74,997		54,214		Commercial construction	95,352		88,669
Residential construction	Residential construction	5,590		7,388		Residential construction	13,922		6,693
Residential	Residential	24,191		28,562		Residential	25,028		24,230
Farmland	Farmland	54,073		54,805		Farmland	51,921		52,478
Commercial:	Commercial:					Commercial:
Secured	Secured	143,200		137,062		Secured	157,273		165,186
Unsecured	Unsecured	25,394		21,136		Unsecured	23,997		25,431
Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”)		—		22,124

Consumer and other	Consumer and other	23,734		17,167		Consumer and other	29,604		28,628
Subtotal	Subtotal	2,584,922		1,936,066		Subtotal	3,012,195		2,793,466
Less: Net deferred loan fees		1,944		1,606
Less: Allowance for loan losses		27,838		23,243
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses		$	2,555,140	$	1,911,217
Net deferred loan fees						Net deferred loan fees	(2,265)		(2,140)
Allowance for credit losses						Allowance for credit losses	(34,028)		(28,389)
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses						Loans held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses	$	2,975,902	$	2,762,937

Underwriting

Commercial loans: Commercial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate profitably and prudently expand its business. Underwriting standards are designed to promote relationship banking rather than transactional banking. Once it is determined that the borrower’s management possesses sound ethics and solid business acumen, the Company’s management examines current and projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay its obligations as agreed. Commercial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers.

Real estate loans: Real estate loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts, and the repayment of these loans is generally largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected than other loans by conditions in the real estate market or in the general economy. The properties securing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio are diverse in terms of type. This diversity helps reduce the Company’s exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single market or industry. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography, and risk grade criteria.

Construction loans: With respect to construction loans that the Company may originate from time to time, the Company generally requires the borrower to have had an existing relationship with the Company and have a proven record of success. Construction loans are underwritten utilizing feasibility studies, independent appraisal reviews, sensitivity analysis of absorption and lease rates, and financial analysis of the developers and property owners. Construction loans are

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generally based upon estimates of costs and value associated with the completed project. These estimates may be inaccurate. Construction loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment substantially dependent

on the ultimate success of the project. Sources of repayment for these types of loans may be pre-committed permanent loans from approved long-term lenders, sales of developed property, or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. These loans are closely monitored using on-site inspections and are generally considered to have higher risks than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property, general economic conditions, and the availability of long-term financing.

Residential real estate loans: Residential real estate loans are underwritten based upon the borrower’s income, credit history, and collateral. To monitor and manage residential loan risk, policies and procedures are developed and modified, as needed. This activity, coupled with relatively small loan amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers, minimizes risk. Underwriting standards for home loans are heavily influenced by statutory requirements, which include, but are not limited to, a maximum loan-to-value percentage, collection remedies, the number of such loans a borrower can have at one time, and documentation requirements.

Farmland loans: Farmland loans are generally made to producers and processors of crops and livestock. Repayment is primarily from the sale of an agricultural product or service. Farmland loans are secured by real property and are susceptible to changes in market demand for specific commodities. This may be exacerbated by, among other things, industry changes, changes in the individual financial capacity of the business owner, general economic conditions, and changes in business cycles, as well as adverse weather conditions.

Consumer loans: The Company purchased consumer loans underwritten utilizing credit scoring analysis to supplement the underwriting process. To monitor and manage consumer loan risk, policies and procedures are developed and modified, as needed. This activity, coupled with relatively small loan amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers, minimizes risk. Underwriting standards for home equity loans are heavily influenced by statutory requirements, which include, but are not limited to, a maximum loan-to-value percentage, collection remedies, the number of such loans a borrower can have at one time, and documentation requirements.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company has established a loan risk rating system to measure and monitor the quality of the loan portfolio. All loans are assigned a risk rating from the inception of the loan until the loan is paid off. The primary loan grades are as follows:

Loans rated pass: These are loans to borrowers with satisfactory financial support, repayment capacity, and credit strength. Borrowers in this category demonstrate fundamentally sound financial positions, repayment capacity, credit history, and management expertise. Loans in this category must have an identifiable and stable source of repayment and meet the Company’s policy regarding debt service coverage ratios. These borrowers are capable of sustaining normal economic, market, or operational setbacks without significant financial ~~impacts. Financial~~impacts and their financial ratios and trends are acceptable. Negative external industry factors are generally not present. The loan may be secured, unsecured, or supported by non-real estate collateral for which the value is more difficult to determine and/or marketability is more uncertain.

Loans rated watch: These are loans which have deficient loan quality and potentially significant issues, but losses do not appear to be imminent, and the issues are expected to be temporary in nature. The significant issues are typically: (i) a history of losses or events that threaten the borrower’s viability; (ii) a property with significant depreciation and/or marketability concerns; or (iii) poor or deteriorating credit, occasional late payments, and/or limited reserves but the loan is generally kept current. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Loans rated substandard: These are loans which are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged (if any). Loans so classified exhibit a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company may sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ~~The substandard loan category includes loans that management has determined not to be impaired, as well as loans that are impaired.~~

Loans rated doubtful: These are loans for which the collection or liquidation of the entire debt is highly questionable or improbable. Typically, the possibility of loss is extremely high. The losses on these loans are deferred until all pending factors have been addressed.

2521

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

The ~~following table summarizes the credit quality indicators related to~~amortized cost basis of the Company’s loans by ~~class~~origination year, where origination is defined as the later of origination or renewal date, and credit quality indicator as of September 30, ~~2022:~~2023 was as follows (disclosure not comparative due to adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2023 – refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for further details):


													Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Pass		Watch		Substandard		Doubtful		Total		(in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Converted to Term		Total
Real estate:	Real estate:											Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	2,205,251	$	14,906	$	110	$	—	$	2,220,267	Commercial
Pass												Pass	$	251,745	$	987,248	$	712,268	$	239,894	$	124,560	$	248,634	$	4,144	$	—	$	2,568,493
Watch												Watch	—		2,722		5,691		7,132		5,364		5,614		—		—		26,523
Substandard												Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		1,920		—		—		1,920
Doubtful												Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total												Total	251,745		989,970		717,959		247,026		129,924		256,168		4,144		—		2,596,936
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	13,476		—		—		—		13,476		Commercial land and development
Pass												Pass	10,376		4,141		—		186		—		752		—		—		15,455
Watch												Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard												Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful												Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total												Total	10,376		4,141		—		186		—		752		—		—		15,455
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	69,097		5,900		—		—		74,997		Commercial construction
Pass												Pass	2,692		33,946		41,889		10,530		—		—		—		—		89,057
Watch												Watch	—		—		—		—		—		5,897		—		—		5,897
Substandard												Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful												Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total												Total	2,692		33,946		41,889		10,530		—		5,897		—		—		94,954
Residential construction	Residential construction	5,590		—		—		—		5,590		Residential construction
Pass												Pass	—		8,162		5,750		—		—		—		—		—		13,912
Watch												Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard												Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful												Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total												Total	—		8,162		5,750		—		—		—		—		—		13,912
Residential	Residential	24,016		—		175		—		24,191		Residential
Pass												Pass	3,606		3,998		6,292		2,298		1,187		6,085		1,591		—		25,057
Watch												Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard												Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful												Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total												Total	3,606		3,998		6,292		2,298		1,187		6,085		1,591		—		25,057
Farmland	Farmland	54,073		—		—		—		54,073		Farmland
Pass												Pass	1,887		8,044		12,767		8,015		12,581		8,600		4		—		51,898
Watch												Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard												Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful												Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total												Total	1,887		8,044		12,767		8,015		12,581		8,600		4		—		51,898
Commercial:	Commercial:											Commercial:
Secured	Secured	141,830		1,226		144		—		143,200		Secured
Unsecured		25,394		—		—		—		25,394
Consumer		23,707		—		27		—		23,734
Pass												Pass	20,091		44,970		18,656		13,206		10,668		11,384		37,613		—		156,588
Watch												Watch	—		—		37		31		157		896		—		—		1,121
Substandard												Substandard	—		—		—		—		49		30		—		—		79
Doubtful												Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	Total	$	2,562,434	$	22,032	$	456	$	—	$	2,584,922	Total	20,091		44,970		18,693		13,237		10,874		12,310		37,613		—		157,788

~~The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators related to the Company’s loans by class as of December 31, 2021:~~

(in thousands) Pass Watch Substandard Doubtful Total
Real estate:
Commercial $ 1,575,006 $ 1,970 $ 9,256 $ — $ 1,586,232
Commercial land and development 7,376 — — — 7,376
Commercial construction 48,288 5,926 — — 54,214
Residential construction 7,388 — — — 7,388
Residential 28,384 — 178 — 28,562
Farmland 54,805 — — — 54,805
Commercial:
Secured 135,131 751 1,180 — 137,062
Unsecured 21,136 — — — 21,136
PPP 22,124 — — — 22,124
Consumer 17,167 — — — 17,167
Total $ 1,916,805 $ 8,647 $ 10,614 $ — $ 1,936,066


	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Converted to Term		Total
Commercial:
Unsecured
Pass	3,081		3,869		5,068		6,157		2,339		20		3,475		—		24,009
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	3,081		3,869		5,068		6,157		2,339		20		3,475		—		24,009
Consumer and other
Pass	7,977		12,585		8,997		5		—		320		—		—		29,884
Watch	—		16		—		—		—		—		—		—		16
Substandard	—		21		—		—		—		—		—		—		21
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	7,977		12,622		8,997		5		—		320		—		—		29,921
Total
Pass	301,455		1,106,963		811,687		280,291		151,335		275,795		46,827		—		2,974,353
Watch	—		2,738		5,728		7,163		5,521		12,407		—		—		33,557
Substandard	—		21		—		—		49		1,950		—		—		2,020
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	301,455	$	1,109,722	$	817,415	$	287,454	$	156,905	$	290,152	$	46,827	$	—	$	3,009,930

Management regularly reviews the Company’s loans for accuracy of risk grades whenever new information is received. Borrowers are generally required to submit financial information at regular intervals. Typically, commercial borrowers with lines of credit are required to submit financial information with reporting intervals ranging from monthly to annually depending on credit size, risk, and complexity. In addition, investor commercial real estate borrowers with loans exceeding a certain dollar threshold are usually required to submit rent rolls or property income statements annually. Management monitors construction loans monthly and reviews consumer loans based on delinquency. Management also reviews loans graded “watch” or worse, regardless of loan type, no less than quarterly.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

The age analysis of past due loans by class as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Past Due										(in thousands)	Past Due
		30-89 Days		Greater Than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable			30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Greater Than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable
Real estate:	Real estate:											Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,220,267	$	2,220,267	Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,596,936	$	2,596,936
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	—		—		—		13,476		13,476		Commercial land and development	—		—		—		—		15,455		15,455
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	—		—		—		74,997		74,997		Commercial construction	—		—		—		—		94,954		94,954
Residential construction	Residential construction	—		—		—		5,590		5,590		Residential construction	—		—		—		—		13,912		13,912
Residential	Residential	—		—		—		24,191		24,191		Residential	—		—		—		—		25,057		25,057
Farmland	Farmland	—		—		—		54,073		54,073		Farmland	—		—		—		—		51,898		51,898
Commercial:	Commercial:											Commercial:
Secured	Secured	—		—		—		143,200		143,200		Secured	—		—		—		—		157,788		157,788
Unsecured	Unsecured	—		—		—		25,394		25,394		Unsecured	—		—		—		—		24,009		24,009
PPP		—		—		—		—		—

Consumer and other	Consumer and other	289		—		289		23,445		23,734		Consumer and other	156		—		—		156		29,765		29,921
Total	Total	$	289	$	—	$	289	$	2,584,633	$	2,584,922	Total	$	156	$	—	$	—	$	156	$	3,009,774	$	3,009,930

There were no ~~loans between 60-89 days past due nor any~~ loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest income as of September 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

The age analysis of past due loans by class as of December 31, ~~2021~~2022 consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Past Due				Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable		(in thousands)			Past Due								Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable
		30-89 Days		Greater Than 90 Days									30-59 Days				60-89 Days			Greater Than 90 Days
Real estate:	Real estate:													Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,586,232	$	1,586,232	Commercial			$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	2,392,053	$	2,392,053
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	—		—		—		7,376		7,376		Commercial land and development			—			—			—		—		7,447		7,447
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	—		—		—		54,214		54,214		Commercial construction			—			—			—		—		88,314		88,314
Residential construction	Residential construction	—		—		—		7,388		7,388		Residential construction			—			—			—		—		6,693		6,693
Residential	Residential	—		—		—		28,562		28,562		Residential			—			175			—		175		24,088		24,263
Farmland	Farmland	—		—		—		54,805		54,805		Farmland			—			—			—		—		52,446		52,446
Commercial:	Commercial:											Commercial:
Secured	Secured	—		—		—		137,062		137,062		Secured			—			—			—		—		165,609		165,609
Unsecured	Unsecured	—		—		—		21,136		21,136		Unsecured			—			—			—		—		25,488		25,488
PPP		—		—		—		22,124		22,124

Consumer and other	Consumer and other	334		—		334		16,833		17,167		Consumer and other			194			—			—		194		28,819		29,013
Total	Total	$	334	$	—	$	334	$	1,935,732	$	1,936,066	Total			$	194		$	175		$	—	$	369	$	2,790,957	$	2,791,326

There were no ~~loans between 60-89 days past due nor any~~ loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest income as of December 31, ~~2021.~~

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

~~Impaired Loans~~

~~Information related to impaired loans as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:~~

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
(in thousands) Recorded
Investment Unpaid
Principal
Balance Related
Allowance Recorded
Investment Unpaid
Principal
Balance Related
Allowance
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate:
Commercial $ 110 $ 110 $ — $ 122 $ 122 $ —
Residential 175 175 — 178 178 —
Commercial:
Secured — — — 116 116 —
Consumer and other 11 11 — — — —
296 296 — 416 416 —
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Secured 145 145 145 172 172 172
145 145 145 172 172 172
Total by category:
Real estate:
Commercial 110 110 — 122 122 —
Residential 175 175 — 178 178 —
Commercial:
Secured 145 145 145 288 288 172
Consumer and other 11 11 — — — —
Total impaired loans $ 441 $ 441 $ 145 $ 588 $ 588 $ 172
2022.

No collateral dependent loans were in process of foreclosure at September 30, ~~2022 or December 31, 2021.~~2023.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

~~Information related to impaired loans for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following:~~

Three months ended September 30,
2022 2021
(in thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate:
Commercial $ 112 $ — $ 128 $ —
Residential 175 — 180 —
Commercial:
Secured — — 119 —
Consumer and other 12 — — —
299 — 427 —
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Secured 148 — 137 —
148 — 137 —
Total by category:
Real estate:
Commercial 112 — 128 —
Residential 175 — 180 —
Commercial:
Secured 148 — 256 —
Consumer and other 12 — — —
Total impaired loans $ 447 $ — $ 564 $ —

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

~~Information related to impaired loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following:~~

Nine months ended September 30,
2022 2021
(in thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate:
Commercial $ 116 $ — $ 132 $ —
Residential 177 — 181 —
Commercial:
Secured 58 — 125 —
Consumer and other 27 — — —
378 — 438 —
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Secured 647 — 140 —
Consumer and other 13 — 36 —
660 — 176 —
Total by category:
Real estate:
Commercial 116 — 132 —
Residential 177 — 181 —
Commercial:
Secured 705 — 265 —
Consumer and other 40 — 36 —
Total impaired loans $ 1,038 $ — $ 614 $ —

Non-accrual loans, segregated by class, were as follows as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Real estate:	Real estate:					Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	110	$	122	Commercial	$	1,923	$	106
Residential	Residential	175		178		Residential	—		175
Commercial:	Commercial:					Commercial:
Secured	Secured	144		288		Secured	79		123

Total non-accrual loans	Total non-accrual loans	$	429	$	588	Total non-accrual loans	$	2,002	$	404

No interest income was recognized on non-accrual loans in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 or September 30, 2022. Non-accrual real estate loans did not have an allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2023. Interest income can be recognized on non-accrual loans in cases where resolution occurs through a sale or full payment is received on the non-accrual loan.

The amount of foregone interest income related to non-accrual loans was $27.1 thousand and $62.3 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $6.9 thousand and $32.0 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, ~~respectively, compared to $8.2 thousand and $21.8 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021,~~ respectively.

3024

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

~~Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR")~~

~~There were no loans outstanding with a TDR designation at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.~~

Allowance for ~~Loan~~Credit Losses

The following table discloses activity in the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses for the three months ended September 30, 2023.


(in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Benefit)		Ending Balance
Real estate:
Commercial	$	27,553	$	—	$	—	$	348	$	27,901
Commercial land and development	184		—		—		14		198
Commercial construction	1,212		—		—		8		1,220
Residential construction	217		—		—		(102)		115
Residential	152		—		—		(1)		151
Farmland	236		—		—		157		393
Commercial:
Secured	3,751		(1,245)		219		736		3,461
Unsecured	209		—		—		4		213

Consumer and other	470		(187)		207		(114)		376

Total	$	33,984	$	(1,432)	$	426	$	1,050	$	34,028

The following table discloses activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Beginning Balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (Benefit) Ending Balance
Real estate:
Commercial $ 16,621 $ — $ — $ 1,688 $ 18,309
Commercial land and development 68 — — 30 98
Commercial construction 508 — — 38 546
Residential construction 51 — — (10) 41
Residential 188 — — (13) 175
Farmland 616 — — 48 664
Commercial:
Secured 6,284 (346) 68 356 6,362
Unsecured 265 (2) — 15 278
PPP — — 21 (21) —
Consumer and other 537 (182) 243 (62) 536
Unallocated 648 — — 181 829
Total $ 25,786 $ (530) $ 332 $ 2,250 $ 27,838

~~The following table discloses activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~


		Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Benefit)		Ending Balance
(in thousands)												(in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Benefit)		Ending Balance
Real estate:	Real estate:											Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	10,108	$	—	$	—	$	1,587	$	11,695	Commercial	$	16,621	$	—	$	—	$	1,688	$	18,309
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	75		—		—		37		112		Commercial land and development	68		—		—		30		98
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	491		—		—		(148)		343		Commercial construction	508		—		—		38		546
Residential construction	Residential construction	46		—		—		14		60		Residential construction	51		—		—		(10)		41
Residential	Residential	188		—		—		19		207		Residential	188		—		—		(13)		175
Farmland	Farmland	594		—		—		72		666		Farmland	616		—		—		48		664
Commercial:	Commercial:											Commercial:
Secured	Secured	9,194		(347)		84		(1,537)		7,394		Secured	6,284		(346)		68		356		6,362
Unsecured	Unsecured	209		—		—		9		218		Unsecured	265		(2)		—		15		278
PPP	PPP	—		—		—		—		—		PPP	—		—		21		(21)		—
Consumer and other	Consumer and other	484		(85)		43		196		638		Consumer and other	537		(182)		243		(62)		536
Unallocated	Unallocated	764		—		—		(249)		515		Unallocated	648		—		—		181		829
Total	Total	$	22,153	$	(432)	$	127	$	—	$	21,848	Total	$	25,786	$	(530)	$	332	$	2,250	$	27,838

3125

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

The following table discloses activity in the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.


(in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Effect of Adoption of ASC 326		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Benefit)		Ending Balance
Real estate:
Commercial	$	19,216	$	7,606	$	—	$	—	$	1,079	$	27,901
Commercial land and development	54		74		—		—		70		198
Commercial construction	645		882		—		—		(307)		1,220
Residential construction	49		81		—		—		(15)		115
Residential	175		3		—		—		(27)		151
Farmland	644		(396)		—		—		145		393
Commercial:
Secured	7,098		(3,060)		(2,856)		358		1,921		3,461
Unsecured	116		37		—		—		60		213

Consumer and other	347		80		(709)		714		(56)		376
Unallocated	45		(45)		—		—		—		—
Total	$	28,389	$	5,262	$	(3,565)	$	1,072	$	2,870	$	34,028

The following table discloses activity in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Beginning Balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provision (Benefit) Ending Balance
Real estate:
Commercial $ 12,869 $ — $ — $ 5,440 $ 18,309
Commercial land and development 50 — — 48 98
Commercial construction 371 — — 175 546
Residential construction 50 — — (9) 41
Residential 192 — — (17) 175
Farmland 645 — — 19 664
Commercial:
Secured 6,859 (928) 152 279 6,362
Unsecured 207 (2) — 73 278
PPP — (21) 21 — —
Consumer and other 889 (508) 431 (276) 536
Unallocated 1,111 — — (282) 829
Total $ 23,243 $ (1,459) $ 604 $ 5,450 $ 27,838

~~The following table discloses activity in the allowance for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~


		Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Benefit)		Ending Balance
(in thousands)												(in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Benefit)		Ending Balance
Real estate:	Real estate:											Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	9,358	$	—	$	—	$	2,337	$	11,695	Commercial	$	12,869	$	—	$	—	$	5,440	$	18,309
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	77		—		—		35		112		Commercial land and development	50		—		—		48		98
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	821		—		—		(478)		343		Commercial construction	371		—		—		175		546
Residential construction	Residential construction	87		—		—		(27)		60		Residential construction	50		—		—		(9)		41
Residential	Residential	220		—		—		(13)		207		Residential	192		—		—		(17)		175
Farmland	Farmland	615		—		—		51		666		Farmland	645		—		—		19		664
Commercial:	Commercial:											Commercial:
Secured	Secured	9,476		(787)		219		(1,514)		7,394		Secured	6,859		(928)		152		279		6,362
Unsecured	Unsecured	179		—		—		39		218		Unsecured	207		(2)		—		73		278
PPP	PPP	—		—		—		—		—		PPP	—		(21)		21		—		—
Consumer and other	Consumer and other	632		(157)		184		(21)		638		Consumer and other	889		(508)		431		(276)		536
Unallocated	Unallocated	724		—		—		(209)		515		Unallocated	1,111		—		—		(282)		829
Total	Total	$	22,189	$	(944)	$	403	$	200	$	21,848	Total	$	23,243	$	(1,459)	$	604	$	5,450	$	27,838

3226

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

~~The following table summarizes~~Unfunded Loan Commitment Reserves

Unfunded loan commitment reserves are included in “Interest payable and other liabilities” in the ~~allocation~~unaudited consolidated balance sheets. Provisions for unfunded loan commitments are included in “Provision for credit losses” in the unaudited consolidated statements of income. Prior to adoption of ASC 326, provisions for unfunded loan commitments were included in “Other operating expenses” in the ~~allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology as~~unaudited consolidated statements of ~~September 30, 2022.~~income.

Ending allowance balance allocated to: Ending balance of:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment Loans collectively evaluated for impairment Total loans Loans individually evaluated for impairment Loans collectively evaluated for impairment Total loans
Real estate:
Commercial $ — $ 18,309 $ 18,309 $ 110 $ 2,220,157 $ 2,220,267
Commercial land and development — 98 98 — 13,476 13,476
Commercial construction — 546 546 — 74,997 74,997
Residential construction — 41 41 — 5,590 5,590
Residential — 175 175 175 24,016 24,191
Farmland — 664 664 — 54,073 54,073
Commercial:
Secured 145 6,217 6,362 145 143,055 143,200
Unsecured — 278 278 — 25,394 25,394
PPP — — — — — —
Consumer and other — 536 536 11 23,723 23,734
Unallocated — 829 829 — — —
Total $ 145 $ 27,693 $ 27,838 $ 441 $ 2,584,481 $ 2,584,922

~~The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology as of December 31, 2021.~~

Ending allowance balance allocated to: Ending balance of:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment Loans collectively evaluated for impairment Total loans Loans individually evaluated for impairment Loans collectively evaluated for impairment Total loans
Real estate:
Commercial $ — $ 12,869 $ 12,869 $ 122 $ 1,586,110 $ 1,586,232
Commercial land and development — 50 50 — 7,376 7,376
Commercial construction — 371 371 — 54,214 54,214
Residential construction — 50 50 — 7,388 7,388
Residential — 192 192 178 28,384 28,562
Farmland — 645 645 — 54,805 54,805
Commercial:
Secured 172 6,687 6,859 288 136,774 137,062
Unsecured — 207 207 — 21,136 21,136
PPP — — — — 22,124 22,124
Consumer and other — 889 889 — 17,167 17,167
Unallocated — 1,111 1,111 — — —
Total $ 172 $ 23,071 $ 23,243 $ 588 $ 1,935,478 $ 1,936,066

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

~~The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology as of September 30, 2021.~~

Ending allowance balance allocated to: Ending balance of:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment Loans collectively evaluated for impairment Total loans Loans individually evaluated for impairment Loans collectively evaluated for impairment Total loans
Real estate:
Commercial $ — $ 11,695 $ 11,695 $ 126 $ 1,316,934 $ 1,317,060
Commercial land and development — 112 112 — 15,726 15,726
Commercial construction — 343 343 — 47,511 47,511
Residential construction — 60 60 — 8,438 8,438
Residential — 207 207 179 29,175 29,354
Farmland — 666 666 — 55,077 55,077
Commercial:
Secured 134 7,260 7,394 252 136,913 137,165
Unsecured — 218 218 — 21,655 21,655
PPP — — — — 61,499 61,499
Consumer and other — 638 638 — 13,528 13,528
Unallocated — 515 515 — — —
Total $ 134 $ 21,714 $ 21,848 $ 557 $ 1,706,456 $ 1,707,013


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,547	$	125	$	125	$	102
Effect of adoption of ASC 326	—		—		1,092		—
Provision	—		—		330		23


Balance at end of period	$	1,547	$	125	$	1,547	$	125

Pledged Loans

The Company’s FHLB line of credit is secured under terms of a collateral agreement by a pledge of certain qualifying loans with unpaid principal balances of ~~$1.5~~$1.7 billion and ~~$941.2 million~~$1.6 billion at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. In addition, the Company pledges eligible tenants in common loans, which totaled ~~$39.5~~$39.3 million and ~~$33.4~~$41.9 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, to secure its borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. See Note 8,6, Long Term Debt and Other Borrowings, for further discussion of these borrowings.

~~Related Party Loans~~

The Company has, and expects to continue to have, banking transactions in the ordinary course of its business with directors, officers, principal shareholders, and their businesses or associates. In accordance with applicable regulations and Bank policies, these loans are granted on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral on loans, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with persons not related to the Company. Likewise, these transactions do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. Loan commitments to insiders and affiliates, net of cash collateral, totaled $7.2 million at September 30, 2022 and $9.7 million at December 31, 2021.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

Note 6:5: Interest-Bearing Deposits

Interest-bearing deposits consisted of the following as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Interest-bearing transaction accounts	Interest-bearing transaction accounts	$	226,928	$	278,406	Interest-bearing transaction accounts	$	297,678	$	242,632
Savings accounts	Savings accounts	106,011		88,536		Savings accounts	138,029		154,581
Money market accounts	Money market accounts	1,025,200		912,558		Money market accounts	1,335,545		1,073,528
Time accounts, $250 or more		217,183		77,868
Time accounts, more than $250						Time accounts, more than $250	330,913		198,159
Other time accounts	Other time accounts	18,385		26,404		Other time accounts	96,611		144,355
Total time deposits						Total time deposits	427,524		342,514
Total interest-bearing deposits	Total interest-bearing deposits	$	1,593,707	$	1,383,772	Total interest-bearing deposits	$	2,198,776	$	1,813,255

Time deposits totaled ~~$235.6~~$427.5 million and ~~$104.3~~$342.5 million as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, scheduled maturities of time deposits for the next five years were as follows:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)			(in thousands)
2022		$	130,045
2023	2023	101,936		2023	$	218,703
2024	2024	1,747		2024	186,345
2025	2025	538		2025	21,135
2026	2026	1,302		2026	1,341
2027				2027	—
Total time deposits	Total time deposits	$	235,568	Total time deposits	$	427,524

Total deposits include deposits offered through the IntraFi Network (formerly Promontory Interfinancial Network) that are comprised of Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service® (“CDARS”) balances included in time deposits and Insured Cash Sweep® (“ICS”) balances included in money market and interest checking deposits. Through this network, the Company offers customers access to FDIC-insured deposit products in aggregate amounts exceeding current insurance limits. When funds are deposited through CDARS and ICS on behalf of a customer, the Company has the option of receiving matching deposits through the network’s reciprocal deposit program or placing deposits “one-way,” for which the Company receives no matching deposits. The Company considers the reciprocal deposits to be in-market deposits, as distinguished from traditional out-of-market brokered deposits. There were ~~one-way deposits totaling $4.1 thousand at September 30, 2022 and~~ no one-way deposits at September 30, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The composition of network deposits as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was as follows:

(in thousands) September 30,
2022 December 31,
2021
CDARS $ 11,659 $ 22,411
ICS 275,971 307,636
Total network deposits $ 287,630 $ 330,047

~~At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, deposits from related parties (directors, executive officers, and principal shareholders) totaled $37.5 million and $32.4 million, respectively.~~

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(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
CDARS	$	15,542	$	13,248
ICS	689,983		272,719
Total network deposits	$	705,525	$	285,967

Interest expense recognized on interest-bearing deposits for periods ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 consisted of the following:


		Three months ended				Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Interest-bearing transaction accounts	Interest-bearing transaction accounts	$	115	$	37	$	251	$	113	Interest-bearing transaction accounts	$	972	$	115	$	2,230	$	251
Savings accounts	Savings accounts	65		19		128		53		Savings accounts	880		65		2,182		128
Money market accounts	Money market accounts	1,779		390		2,825		1,447		Money market accounts	9,536		1,779		23,108		2,825
Time accounts, $250 or more	Time accounts, $250 or more	789		11		1,074		26		Time accounts, $250 or more	3,865		789		8,462		1,074
Other time accounts	Other time accounts	69		23		105		108		Other time accounts	1,133		69		3,751		105
Total interest expense on interest-bearing deposits	Total interest expense on interest-bearing deposits	$	2,817	$	480	$	4,383	$	1,747	Total interest expense on interest-bearing deposits	$	16,386	$	2,817	$	39,733	$	4,383

~~Note 7: Leases~~

~~The Company leases office space for its banking operations under non-cancelable operating leases of various terms. The leases expire at dates through 2032 and provide for renewal options from~~ ~~zero~~ to ~~five~~ years. In the normal course of business, it is expected that these leases will be renewed or replaced by leases on other properties. One of the leases provides for increases in future minimum annual rental payments based on defined increases in the Consumer Price Index, while the remaining leases include predefined rental increases over the term of the lease.

~~The Company has a sublease agreement for space adjacent to the Redding location. The sublease has renewal terms extended to December 31, 2022.~~

The Company leases its Sacramento loan production office from a partnership comprised of some of the Company’s shareholders and certain members of its board of directors. The Sacramento loan production office lease extends through April 2023. Additionally, the Company leased its Natomas branch from the same partnership of related parties until July 13, 2021, at which time ownership of the property was transferred to an unrelated third-party landlord. Rent expense paid to the partnership under these leases was insignificant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and insignificant and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

~~The Company adopted ASU 2016-02,~~ ~~Leases(Topic 842)~~ as of January 1, 2022, which requires the Company to record an ROUA on the consolidated balance sheets for those leases that convey rights to control use of identified assets for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company is also required to record a lease liability on the consolidated balance sheets for the present value of future payment commitments. All of the Company’s leases are comprised of operating leases in which the Company is the lessee of real estate property for branches and operations. The Company elected not to include short-term leases (i.e., leases with initial terms of 12 months or less) within the ROUA and lease liability. Known or determinable adjustments to the required minimum future lease payments were included in the calculation of the Company’s ROUA and lease liability. Adjustments to the required minimum future lease payments that are variable and will not be determinable until a future period, if any, such as changes in the Consumer Price Index, are included as variable lease costs. Additionally, expected variable payments for common area maintenance, taxes, and insurance were unknown and not determinable at lease commencement and, therefore, were not included in the determination of the Company’s ROUA and lease liability.

The value of the ROUA and lease liability is impacted by the amount of the periodic payment required, length of the lease term, and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the minimum lease payments. The Company’s lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company’s discretion. If at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the ROUA and lease liability. ASC 842 requires the use of the rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable. As this rate is rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term. For operating leases existing prior to January 1, 2022, the rate for the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2022 was used. The lease liability is reduced based on the discounted present value of remaining payments as of each reporting period. The ROUA value is measured using the lease liability as adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments and remaining lease incentives, unamortized direct costs, and impairment, if any.

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~~The following table presents the components of lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022:~~

(in thousands) Three months ended September 30, 2022 Nine months ended September 30, 2022
Operating lease cost $ 277 $ 851
Short-term lease cost — —
Variable lease cost — —
Sublease income (5) (16)
Total lease cost $ 272 $ 835

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-02, rent expense under operating leases was $0.3 million and $0.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Rent expense was partially offset by rent income of $5.2 thousand and $15.6 thousand during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

~~The following table presents the weighted average operating lease term and discount rate at September 30, 2022:~~


	~~September 30, 2022~~
~~Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)~~	~~5.53 years~~
~~Weighted average discount rate~~	~~2.17~~	%

~~The following table shows the future expected operating lease payments under the Company's operating lease agreements as of September 30, 2022:~~

(in thousands)
2022 $ 267
2023 1,009
2024 984
2025 767
2026 665
Thereafter 1,108
Total expected operating lease payments 4,800
Discount for present value of expected cash flows (308)
Lease liability at September 30, 2022 $ 4,492

Note 8:6: Long Term Debt and Other Borrowings

Subordinated notes: On August 17, 2022, the Company completed a private placement of $75.0 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes to certain qualified investors, of which $19.3 million was purchased by existing or former members of the board of directors and their affiliates. The notes will be used for capital management and general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, the redemption of existing subordinated notes. The subordinated notes have a maturity date of September 1, 2032 and bear interest, payable semi-annually, at the rate of 6.00% per annum until September 1, 2027. On that date, the interest rate will be adjusted to float at a rate equal to the three-month ~~Secured Overnight Financing Rate~~Term SOFR plus 329.0 basis points ~~(6.74%~~(8.70% as of September 30, ~~2022)~~2023) until maturity. The notes include a right of prepayment, on or after August 17, 2027 or, in certain limited circumstances, before that date. The indebtedness evidenced by the subordinated notes, including principal and interest, is unsecured and subordinate and junior in right to payment to general and secured creditors and depositors of the Company.

On November 8, 2019, the Company completed a private placement of $3.8 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes to certain qualified investors. All of the debt was purchased by four existing or former members of the board of directors and their affiliates. The notes were used for general corporate purposes, capital management, and to support future growth. The subordinated notes have a maturity date of September 15, 2027 and bear interest, payable semi-annually, at the rate of 5.50% per annum until September 15, 2022. On that date, the interest rate was adjusted to float at a rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 354.4 basis points (6.99% as of September 30, 2022) until maturity. The notes include a right of

prepayment, on or after September 30, 2022 or, in certain limited circumstances, before that date. The indebtedness evidenced by the subordinated notes, including principal and interest, is unsecured and subordinate and junior in right to payment to general and secured creditors and depositors of the Company. On November 5, 2022, the Company issued notices of redemption on the notes, which will be redeemed as of December 15, 2022.

On September 28, 2017, the Company completed a private placement of $25.0 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes to certain qualified investors, of which $8.0 million is owned by an entity that is controlled by a member of the board of directors and three principal shareholders. The notes were used for general corporate purposes, capital management, and to support future growth. The subordinated notes have a maturity date of September 15, 2027 and bear interest, payable semi-annually, at the rate of 6.00% per annum until September 15, 2022. On that date, the interest rate was adjusted to float at a rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 404.4 basis points (7.49% as of September 30, 2022) until maturity. The notes include a right of prepayment, on or after September 28, 2022 or, in certain limited circumstances, before that date. The indebtedness evidenced by the subordinated notes, including principal and interest, is unsecured and subordinate and junior in right to payment to general and secured creditors and depositors of the Company. On November 5, 2022, the Company issued notices of redemption on the notes, which will be redeemed as of December 15, 2022.

The subordinated notes have been structured to qualify as Tier 2 capital for the Company for regulatory capital purposes. Eligible amounts will be phased out by 20% per year beginning five years before the maturity date of the notes. Debt issuance costs incurred in conjunction with the notes were ~~$2.1~~$1.5 million, of which ~~$0.4~~$0.2 million has been amortized as of September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. The Company reflects debt issuance costs as a direct deduction from the face of the note. The debt issuance costs are amortized into interest expense through the maturity period. At September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company’s subordinated debt outstanding was ~~$102.0~~$73.7 million and ~~$28.4~~$73.6 million, respectively.

Other ~~borrowings:~~borrowings ~~In 2005, and through an amendment in 2014, the~~: The Company entered into an agreement with the FHLB which granted the FHLB a blanket lien on all loans receivable (except for construction and agricultural loans) as collateral for a borrowing line. Based on the dollar volume of qualifying loan collateral, the Company had a total financing availability of ~~$945.0 million~~$1.1 billion at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~$696.3 million~~$1.0 billion at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had ~~$105.0~~$90.0 million and $100.0 million of outstanding ~~borrowings. The Company did not have any~~ borrowings, ~~outstanding as of December 31, 2021.~~respectively. As of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the

Company had letters of credit (“LCs”) issued on its behalf totaling ~~$596.5~~$671.5 million and ~~$420.5~~$686.5 million, respectively, as discussed below.

At September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, LCs totaling ~~$206.5~~$261.5 million and ~~$80.5~~$206.5 million, respectively, were pledged to secure State of California deposits, and LCs totaling ~~$390.0~~$410.0 million and ~~$340.0~~$480.0 million, respectively, were pledged to secure local agency deposits. The LCs issued reduced the Company’s available borrowing capacity to ~~$243.5~~$292.1 million and ~~$275.8~~$216.3 million as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

At ~~December 31, 2021,~~September 30, 2023, the Company had five unsecured federal funds lines of credit ~~totaling $150.0 million~~ with ~~five of~~ its correspondent banks ~~respectively. During the nine months ended September 30,~~totaling $175.0 million. At December 31, 2022, the Company ~~entered into one new unsecured federal funds line of credit totaling $15.0 million and the borrowing capacity of one of the Company's existing~~had seven unsecured federal funds lines of credit ~~was increased by $10.0 million. As a result, at September 30, 2022, the Company had six unsecured federal funds lines of credit totaling $175.0 million~~ with ~~six of~~ its correspondent banks ~~respectively.~~totaling $190.0 million. There were no amounts outstanding at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

At September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had the ability to borrow from the ~~Federal Reserve~~Federal Reserve Discount Window. At September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the borrowing capacity under this arrangement was ~~$21.9~~$69.0 million and ~~$17.0~~$21.9 million, respectively. There were no amounts outstanding at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~.2022. The borrowing line is secured by liens on the Company’s construction and agricultural loan ~~portfolios.~~portfolios and certain available-for-sale securities.

~~Note 9: Income Taxes~~

The Company terminated its status as a Subchapter S Corporation as of May 5, 2021, in connection with its IPO and became a taxable C Corporation. Prior to that date, as an S Corporation, the Company had no U.S. federal income tax expense. As such, any periods ending prior to May 5, 2021 will only reflect a state income tax rate and corresponding tax expense. Pro forma net income is calculated by adding back S Corporation tax to net income and using a combined C Corporation statutory tax rate for federal and state income taxes of 29.56%. In the table presented below, the tax rate reflects the actual effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2021, as the Company was a C Corporation for the entirety of each of those periods. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 excludes the effect of the discrete deferred tax adjustment of $4.6 million,

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~~discussed in detail below, which offset the provision for income taxes. The following reconciliation table provides a detailed calculation of the pro forma provision for income taxes:~~

For the three months ended For the nine months ended
(in thousands) September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021
Net income before provision for income taxes $ 16,534 $ 13,296 $ 44,089 $ 34,518
Effective/pro forma tax rate 29.21 % 17.07 % 28.51 % 23.25 %
Actual/pro forma provision for income taxes $ 4,830 $ 2,270 $ 12,570 $ 8,024

In conjunction with the termination of the Subchapter S corporation status, the C Corporation deferred tax assets and liabilities were estimated for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of the Company’s existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The deferred tax assets and liabilities were measured using tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of the change in tax rates resulting from becoming a C Corporation was recognized as a net deferred tax asset of $5.4 million and a reduction to the provision for income taxes of $4.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The provision for income tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 differs from the statutory federal rate of 21.00% due to the items below. The three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 differ from the statutory rate, primarily due to the Company’s conversion from an S Corporation to a C Corporation during the second quarter of 2021:

For the three months ended For the nine months ended
(in thousands) September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021
Statutory U.S. federal income tax $ 3,472 $ 2,792 $ 9,259 $ 7,249
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
Benefit of S Corporation status — (964) — (3,968)
State taxes 1,415 1,138 3,774 2,963
C Corp conversion federal rate change — — — 1,484
Deferred tax asset adjustment — — — (4,638)
Other (57) (696) (463) 296
Provision for income taxes $ 4,830 $ 2,270 $ 12,570 $ 3,386

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s federal and state statutory tax rate, net of federal benefit, of 29.56%, differed from the blended statutory tax rate of 20.77% used for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to the termination of the Company's Subchapter S Corporation status as of May 5, 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the statutory California tax rate of 3.50% and the federal and state statutory rate, net of federal benefit, of 29.56%, were applied to the Company's income based on the number of days the Company was each type of corporation during 2021.

Note ~~10:~~7: Shareholders’ Equity

(a) EPS

Basic EPS is net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period less average unvested restricted stock awards (“RSAs”). Diluted EPS includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares related to unvested RSAs using the treasury stock method. The Company has two forms of outstanding common stock: common stock and unvested RSAs. Holders of unvested RSAs receive non-forfeitable dividends at the same rate as common shareholders and they both share equally in undistributed earnings, and therefore the RSAs are considered participating securities. However, under the two-class method, the difference in EPS is not significant for these participating securities.


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
(in thousands, except share count and earnings per common share)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Net income	$	11,045	$	11,704	$	36,935	$	31,519

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	17,175,034		17,140,435		17,163,609		17,123,016
Add: Dilutive effects of assumed vesting of restricted stock	19,791		28,012		22,626		37,794
Total dilutive weighted average common shares outstanding	17,194,825		17,168,447		17,186,235		17,160,810
Earnings per common share:
Basic EPS	$	0.64	$	0.68	$	2.15	$	1.84
Diluted EPS	0.64		0.68		2.15		1.84

The Company did not have any anti-dilutive shares at September 30, 2023 or September 30, 2022.

(b) Dividends

On July ~~21, 2022,~~20, 2023, the board of directors declared a ~~$0.15~~$0.20 per common share dividend, totaling ~~$2.6~~$3.5 million.

The Company’s stock-based compensation consists of RSAs granted under its historical stock-based incentive arrangement (the “Historical Incentive Plan”) and RSAs issued under the Five Star Bancorp 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the ~~"Equity~~“Equity Incentive ~~Plan"~~Plan”). The Historical Incentive Plan consisted of RSAs for certain executive officers of the Company. The

arrangement provided that these executive officers would receive shares of restricted common stock of the Company that

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vested over three years, with the number of shares granted based upon achieving certain performance objectives. These objectives included, but were not limited to, net income adjusted for the provision for ~~loan~~credit losses, deposit growth, efficiency ratio, net interest margin, and asset quality. Compensation expense for RSAs granted under the Historical Incentive Plan is recognized over the service period, which is equal to the vesting period of the shares based on the fair value of the shares at issue date.

In connection with its IPO in May 2021, the Company granted RSAs under the Equity Incentive Plan to certain employees, officers, executives, and non-employee directors. Shares granted to non-employee directors vested immediately upon grant, while shares granted to certain employees, officers, and executives vest ratably over three, five, or seven years (as defined in the respective agreements). Since the completion of the IPO, the Company has granted RSAs under the Equity Incentive Plan to executives and directors, which vest annually over three years and ~~monthly~~ over one year, respectively. All RSAs were granted at the fair value of common stock at the time of the award. The RSAs are considered fixed awards, as the number of shares and fair value are known at the date of grant and the fair value at the grant date is amortized over the service period.

Non-cash stock compensation expense recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ was ~~$0.3~~$0.2 million and ~~$0.2~~$0.3 million, respectively. Non-cash stock compensation expense recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ was ~~$0.8~~$0.7 million and ~~$1.2~~$0.8 million, respectively.

At September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021, respectively,~~2022, there were ~~104,348~~82,324 and ~~127,851~~104,348 unvested restricted ~~shares.~~shares, respectively. As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, there was approximately ~~$2.0~~$1.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the ~~104,348~~82,324 unvested restricted shares. The holders of unvested RSAs are entitled to dividends at the same per-share ratio as holders of common stock. Tax benefits for dividends paid on unvested RSAs are recorded as tax benefits in the consolidated statements of income with a corresponding decrease to current taxes payable. Such tax benefits are expected to be recognized over the weighted average term remaining on the unvested restricted shares of 2.67 years as of September 30, 2023. The impact of tax benefits for dividends paid on unvested restricted stock on the Company’s unaudited consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was immaterial.

The following table summarizes activity related to restricted shares for the periods indicated:


		For the three months ended September 30,						For the nine months ended September 30,							For the three months ended September 30,						For the nine months ended September 30,
		2022			2021			2022			2021				2023			2022			2023			2022
		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value			Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning of the period balance	Beginning of the period balance	107,824	$	20.88	129,551	$	19.95	127,751	$	19.95	11,568	$	21.25	Beginning of the period balance	82,324	$	21.75	107,824	$	20.88	96,826	$	20.34	127,751	$	19.95
Shares granted	Shares granted	—	—		—	—		23,639	28.29		173,207	19.89		Shares granted	—	—		—	—		16,978	28.52		23,639	28.29
Shares vested	Shares vested	(3,476)	28.50		—	—		(44,538)	22.65		(52,502)	20.10		Shares vested	—	—		(3,476)	28.50		(29,933)	20.78		(44,538)	22.65
Shares forfeited	Shares forfeited	—	—		(1,700)	20.00		(2,504)	22.50		(4,422)	19.31		Shares forfeited	—	—		—	—		(1,547)	26.95		(2,504)	22.50
End of the period balance	End of the period balance	104,348	$	20.62	127,851	$	19.95	104,348	$	20.62	127,851	$	19.95	End of the period balance	82,324	$	21.75	104,348	$	20.62	82,324	$	21.75	104,348	$	20.62

Note ~~11:~~8: Commitments and Contingencies

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk

Some financial instruments, such as loan commitments, credit lines, letters of credit, and overdraft protection, are issued to meet customer financing needs. These are agreements to provide credit or to support the credit of others, as long as conditions established in the contract are met, and usually have expiration dates. Commitments may expire without being used. Substantially all of these commitments are at variable interest rates, based on an index, and have fixed expiration dates.

Off-balance sheet risk to loan loss exists up to the face amount of these instruments, although material losses are not anticipated. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments to originate loans and lines of credit as it

does for on-balance sheet instruments, including obtaining collateral at exercise of the commitment. The contractual

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amounts of unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit not reflected in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets were as follows:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Commercial lines of credit	Commercial lines of credit	$	132,615	$	137,354	Commercial lines of credit	$	173,603	$	147,021
Undisbursed construction loans	Undisbursed construction loans	71,588		46,584		Undisbursed construction loans	98,901		80,726
Undisbursed commercial real estate loans	Undisbursed commercial real estate loans	82,510		47,793		Undisbursed commercial real estate loans	94,537		79,121
Agricultural lines of credit	Agricultural lines of credit	7,999		9,955		Agricultural lines of credit	24,839		10,399
Undisbursed residential real estate loans						Undisbursed residential real estate loans	6,377		8,945
Undisbursed agricultural real estate loans	Undisbursed agricultural real estate loans	1,064		3,427		Undisbursed agricultural real estate loans	1,200		1,068
Other	Other	2,518		3,764		Other	2,477		1,868
Total commitments and standby letters of credit	Total commitments and standby letters of credit	$	298,294	$	248,877	Total commitments and standby letters of credit	$	401,934	$	329,148

The Company records an allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses on unfunded loan commitments at the consolidated balance sheet date based on estimates of the probability that these commitments will be drawn upon according to historical utilization experience of the different types of commitments and historical loss rates determined for pooled funded loans. The allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses on unfunded commitments totaled ~~$0.1~~$1.5 million as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and $0.1 million as of December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, which is recorded in ~~interest~~“Interest payable and other ~~liabilities~~liabilities” in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

Concentrations of credit risk: The Company grants real estate mortgage, real estate construction, commercial, and consumer loans to customers primarily in Northern California. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion is secured by commercial and residential real estate.

In management’s judgment, a concentration of loans exists in real estate related loans, which represented approximately ~~92.63%~~92.71% of the Company’s ~~loans held for investment~~loan portfolio at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~89.87%~~91.84% of the Company’s ~~loans held for investment~~loan portfolio at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Although management believes such concentrations have no more than the normal risk of collectability, a substantial decline in the economy in general, or a decline in real estate values in the Company’s primary market areas in particular, could have an adverse impact on the collectability of these loans. Personal and business incomes represent the primary source of repayment for the majority of these loans.

Deposit concentrations: At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had 8886 deposit relationships that exceeded $5.0 million each, totaling ~~$1.6~~$1.9 billion, or approximately ~~62.42%~~61.64% of total deposits. The Company’s largest single deposit relationship at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 totaled ~~$200.2~~$250.0 million, or approximately ~~7.66%~~8.24% of total deposits. Management maintains the Company’s liquidity position and lines of credit with correspondent banks to mitigate the risk of large withdrawals by this group of large depositors.

Contingencies: The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to such actions will not materially affect the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company.

Correspondent banking agreements: The Company maintains funds on deposit with other FDIC-insured financial institutions under correspondent banking agreements. Uninsured deposits through these agreements totaled ~~$118.5~~$22.1 million and ~~$147.2~~$16.2 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

Litigation Matters

The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to such actions will not materially affect the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company.

Note ~~12:~~9: Subsequent Events

On October ~~20, 2022,~~19, 2023, the ~~board~~Board of ~~directors declared~~Directors of the Company authorized a ~~$0.15~~cash dividend of $0.20 per common share, ~~dividend, totaling $2.6 million.~~payable on November 13, 2023 to shareholders of record as of November 6, 2023.

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion presents management’s perspective on our results of operations and financial condition on a consolidated basis. However, because we conduct all of our material business operations through our bank subsidiary, Five Star Bank (the ~~"Bank"~~“Bank”), the discussion and analysis relates to activities primarily conducted by the Bank.

Management’s discussion of the financial condition and results of operations, which is unaudited, should be read in conjunction with the related unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the ~~Company’s~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, ~~for the year ended December 31, 2021,~~ which was filed with the ~~U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”)~~SEC on February ~~25, 2022.~~24, 2023. Average balances, including balances used in calculating certain financial ratios, are generally comprised of average daily balances.

Unless otherwise indicated, references in this report to “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company,” or “Bancorp” refer to Five Star Bancorp and our consolidated subsidiary. All references to “the Bank” refer to Five Star Bank, our wholly owned subsidiary.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements represent plans, estimates, objectives, goals, guidelines, expectations, intentions, projections, and statements of our beliefs concerning future events, business plans, objectives, expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate, or imply future results, performance, or achievements, and are typically identified with words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “aim,” “intend,” “plan,” or words or phases of similar meaning. To the extent that this discussion describes prior performance, the descriptions relate only to the periods listed, which may not be indicative of our future financial outcomes. ~~In addition to containing historical information, this discussion contains~~We caution that the forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that ~~involve~~are subject to change based on factors which are, in many instances, beyond our control. Such forward-looking statements are based on various assumptions (some of which may be beyond our control) and are subject to risks and uncertainties, which change over time, and ~~assumptions that~~other factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from ~~management’s expectations. Factors~~those currently anticipated. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

•risks related to the concentration of our business in California, and specifically within Northern California, including risks associated with any downturn in the real estate sector;

•changes in market interest rates that ~~could cause~~affect the pricing of our loans and deposits, our net interest income, and our borrowers’ ability to repay loans;

•changes in the U.S. economy, including an economic slowdown, inflation, deflation, housing prices, employment levels, rate of growth, and general business conditions;

•uncertain market conditions and economic trends nationally, regionally, and particularly in Northern California and California;

•the impacts related to or resulting from recent bank failures and other economic and industry volatility, including increased regulatory requirements and costs and potential impacts to macroeconomic conditions;

•the effects of increased competition from a wide variety of local, regional, national, and other providers of financial and investment services;

•the risks associated with our loan portfolios, and specifically with our commercial real estate loans;

•our ability to maintain adequate liquidity and to maintain capital necessary to fund our growth strategy and operations and to satisfy minimum regulatory capital levels;

•risks related to our strategic focus on lending to small to medium-sized businesses;

•the sufficiency of the assumptions and estimates we make in establishing reserves for potential loan losses and the value of loan collateral and securities;

•our level of nonperforming assets and the costs associated with resolving problem loans, if any, and complying with government-imposed foreclosure moratoriums;

•our ability to comply with various governmental and regulatory requirements applicable to financial institutions, including supervisory actions by federal and state banking agencies;

•governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including the policies of the Federal Reserve;

•risks associated with unauthorized access, cyber-crime, and other threats to data security;

•our ability to implement, maintain, and improve effective internal controls;

•our ability to attract and retain executive officers and key employees and their customer and community relationships;

•the occurrence or impact of climate change or natural or man-made disasters or calamities, such ~~differences~~as wildfires, droughts, and earthquakes; and

•other factors that are discussed in the section entitled ~~“Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” herein~~“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

The foregoing factors could cause results or performance to materially differ from those expressed in our forward-looking statements, should not be considered exhaustive, and should be read together with other cautionary statements that are included in this report and those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” ~~in the Company's~~of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the ~~year~~three months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021.~~2023 and June 30, 2023, and other filings we may make with the SEC, copies of which are available from us at no charge. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict their occurrence or how they will affect us. If one or more of the factors affecting our forward-looking information and statements proves incorrect, then our actual results, performance, or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, forward-looking information and statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, we caution you not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking information and statements. We ~~assume no obligation~~disclaim any duty to revise or update ~~any of these~~the forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, to reflect actual results or changes in the factors affecting the forward-looking statements, except ~~to the extent~~as specifically required by law.

Unless otherwise indicated, references in this report to “we”, “our”, “us”, “the Company”, or “Bancorp” refer to Five Star Bancorp and our consolidated subsidiary. All references to “the Bank” refer to Five Star Bank, our wholly owned subsidiary.

Company Overview

Headquartered in the greater Sacramento metropolitan area of California, Five Star Bancorp is a bank holding company that operates through its wholly owned subsidiary, Five Star Bank, a California state-chartered non-member bank. We provide a broad range of banking products and services to small and medium-sized businesses, professionals, and individuals primarily in Northern California through seven branch offices and one loan production office. Our mission is to strive to become the top business bank in all markets we serve through exceptional service, deep connectivity, and customer empathy. We are dedicated to serving real estate, agricultural, faith-based, and small to medium-sized enterprises. We aim to consistently deliver value that meets or exceeds the expectations of our shareholders, customers, employees, business partners, and community. We refer to our mission as “purpose-driven and integrity-centered banking.” At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had total assets of ~~$3.1~~$3.5 billion, total loans held for investment, net of allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, of ~~$2.6~~$3.0 billion, and total deposits of ~~$2.6~~$3.0 billion.

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~~Factors Affecting Comparability of Financial Results~~

~~S Corporation Status~~

Beginning at our inception, we elected to be taxed for U.S. federal income tax purposes as an S Corporation. In conjunction with our initial public offering (“IPO”), we filed consents from the requisite amount of our shareholders to revoke our S Corporation election with the Internal Revenue Service, resulting in the commencement of our taxation as a C Corporation for U.S. federal and California state income tax purposes in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021. Prior to such revocation, our earnings were not subject to, and we did not pay, U.S. federal income tax, and we were not required to make any provision or recognize any liability for U.S. federal income tax in our consolidated financial statements. While we were not subject to, and did not pay, U.S. federal income tax, we were subject to, and paid, California S Corporation income tax at a current rate of 3.50%. Upon the termination of our status as an S Corporation, we commenced paying U.S. federal income tax and a higher California state income tax on our taxable earnings for each year (including the short year beginning on the date our status as an S Corporation terminated), and our consolidated financial statements reflect a provision for U.S. federal income tax and a higher California state income tax from that date forward. As a result of this change, the net income and earnings per share (“EPS”) data presented in our historical financial statements for periods prior to the termination of our S Corporation status, and the other related financial information set forth in this filing, which (unless otherwise specified) do not include any provision for U.S. federal income tax or the higher California state income tax rate, will not be comparable with our net income and EPS in periods after we commenced being taxed as a C Corporation. As a C Corporation, our net income is calculated by including a provision for U.S. federal income tax and a higher California state income tax rate at a combined statutory rate of 29.56%.

The termination of our status as an S Corporation may also affect our financial condition and cash flows. Historically, we made quarterly cash distributions to our shareholders in amounts estimated by us to be sufficient for them to pay estimated individual U.S. federal and California state income tax liabilities resulting from our taxable income that was “passed through” to them. However, these distributions were not consistent, as sometimes the distributions were less than or in excess of the shareholders’ estimated U.S. federal and California state income tax liabilities resulting from their ownership of our stock. In addition, these estimates were based on individual income tax rates, which may differ from the rates imposed on the income of C Corporations. As a C Corporation, no income is “passed through” to any shareholders, but, as noted above, we commenced paying U.S. federal income tax and a higher California state income tax. However, in the event of an adjustment to our reported taxable income for periods prior to the termination of our S Corporation status, it is possible that our pre-IPO shareholders would be liable for additional income taxes for those prior periods. Pursuant to the Tax Sharing Agreement we entered into with such shareholders, upon our filing any tax return (amended or otherwise), in the event of any restatement of our taxable income or pursuant to a determination by, or a settlement with, a taxing authority, for any period during which we were an S Corporation, depending on the nature of the adjustment, we may be required to make a payment to such shareholders, who accepted distribution of the estimated balance of our federal accumulated adjustments account of $31.9 million under the Tax Sharing Agreement, in an amount equal to such shareholders’ incremental tax liability (including interest and penalties). In addition, the Tax Sharing Agreement provides that we will indemnify such shareholders with respect to unpaid income tax liabilities (including interest and penalties) to the extent that such unpaid income tax liabilities are attributable to an adjustment to our taxable income for any period after our S Corporation status terminated. The amounts that we have historically distributed to our shareholders may not be indicative of the amount of U.S. federal and California state income tax that we will be required to pay going forward. Depending on our effective tax rate and our future dividend rate, our future cash flows and financial condition could be positively or adversely affected compared to our historical cash flows and financial condition.

Furthermore, deferred tax assets and liabilities will be recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of our existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of the change in tax rates resulting from becoming a C Corporation was recognized in net income in the three months ended June 30, 2021.

Refer to the highlights of the financial results table within the section entitled “—Executive Summary” below for the impact of being taxed as a C Corporation on our net income, EPS, and various other financial measures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

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~~Public Company Costs~~

Following the completion of our IPO, we began to, and will continue to, incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company. These costs include additional personnel, legal, consulting, regulatory, insurance, accounting, investor relations, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules adopted by the SEC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”), and national securities exchanges, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable to us as a private company. These additional rules and regulations have increased, and are expected to continue to increase, our legal, regulatory, and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all footnotes as would be necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows in conformity with ~~accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”)~~GAAP as contained within the ~~Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)~~FASB’s ASC and the rules and regulations of the SEC, including the instructions to Regulation S-X. However, these interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments and accruals) which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with, and should be read in conjunction with, the audited consolidated financial statements as filed in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K ~~as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021,~~ and the notes thereto.

Our most significant accounting policies and our critical accounting estimates are described in greater detail in Note 1, Basis of Presentation, in our audited consolidated financial statements and Item 7. ~~Management's~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Estimates included in ~~the~~our 2022 Annual Report on Form ~~10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.~~10-K. We have identified accounting policies and estimates ~~discussed below,~~ that, due to the difficult, subjective, or complex judgments and assumptions inherent in those policies and estimates and the potential sensitivity of our unaudited consolidated financial statements to those judgments and assumptions, are critical to an understanding of our consolidated

financial condition and results of operations. We believe that the judgments, estimates, and assumptions used in the preparation of our financial statements are reasonable and appropriate, based on the information available at the time they were made. However, actual results may differ from those estimates, and these differences may be material. There have been no significant changes concerning our critical accounting estimates as described in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), as an emerging growth company, we can elect to opt out of the extended transition period for adopting any new or revised accounting standards. We have elected not to opt out of the extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public and private companies, we may adopt the standard on the application date for private companies.

We have elected to take advantage of the scaled disclosures and other relief under the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us under the JOBS Act, so long as we qualify as an emerging growth company.

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Executive Summary

Net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 totaled ~~$11.7~~$11.0 million and ~~$31.5~~$36.9 million, respectively, compared to net income of ~~$11.0~~$11.7 million and ~~$31.1~~$31.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

The following are highlights of our operating and financial performance, and financial condition for the dates and periods presented:

•~~Assets.~~ Total assets were $3.1 billion at September 30, 2022, representing a $517.8 million, or 20.25%, increase compared to $2.6 billion at December 31, 2021. The primary drivers of this increase are discussed below.

•~~Loans.~~ Total loans held for investment were $2.6 billion at September 30, 2022, compared to $1.9 billion at December 31, 2021, an increase of $648.5 million, or 33.52%. The increase was primarily attributable to a $634.0 million net increase in commercial real estate loans and a $20.8 million net increase in commercial construction loans, partially offset by a $22.1 million net decrease in Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans.

•~~PPP Loans.~~ ~~All PPP loans had been forgiven or paid off by the borrower as of September 30, 2022.~~

•~~Coronavirus Disease ("COVID-19") Deferments.~~ As of September 30, 2022, no borrowing relationships were on COVID-19 deferment. Of the loans that ended COVID-19 deferments during the quarter ended September 30, 2022, only one loan is on non-accrual status; the remaining loans have returned to their pre-COVID-19 contractual payment structures with no risk rating downgrades or modifications classified as a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR").

•~~Non-accrual Loans.~~ Credit quality remains strong, with non-accrual loans representing $0.4 million, or 0.02% of total loans held for investment, at September 30, 2022, compared to $0.6 million, or 0.03% of total loans held for investment, at December 31, 2021. The ratio of allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment, or total loans at period end, was 1.08% at September 30, 2022 and 1.20% at December 31, 2021.

•~~Return on Average Assets (“ROAA”) and Return on Average Equity (“ROAE”).~~ ROAA and ROAE were 1.60% and 19.35%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to ROAA of 1.85% and ROAE of 19.26% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Pro forma ROAA and ROAE for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021 were equal to actual ROAA and ROAE. ROAA and ROAE were 1.53% and 17.85%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to ROAA of 1.88% and ROAE of 24.01% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Pro forma ROAA and ROAE for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were equal to actual ROAA and ROAE of 1.53% and 17.85%, respectively, as compared to pro forma ROAA of 1.60% and pro forma ROAE of 20.43% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

•~~Net Interest Margin.~~ Net interest margin was 3.84% and 3.72% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 3.60% and 3.63% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The increase in net interest margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to increases in yields on interest-earning deposits with banks and investment securities, partially offset by decreases in average loan yields and increases in cost of funds.

•~~Efficiency Ratio.~~ Efficiency ratio was 35.13% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, down from 39.39% for the corresponding period of 2021. Additionally, efficiency ratio was 37.68% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, down from 43.77% for the corresponding period of 2021. The decreases were primarily attributable to increases in net interest income period-over-period.

•Deposits. Total deposits increased by ~~$328.4~~$250.2 million from ~~$2.3~~$2.8 billion at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~$2.6~~$3.0 billion at September 30, 2023. Non-brokered deposits increased by $300.2 million in the first nine months of 2023 to $3.0 billion. Non-interest-bearing deposits decreased by $135.3 million in the first nine months of 2023 to $833.4 million, and represented 27.49% of total deposits at September 30, 2023, as compared to 34.82% of total deposits at December 31, 2022. ~~Deposit~~Total deposit increases were primarily attributable to an increase in the number of new deposit relationships, as well as normal fluctuations in some of our large existing accounts. Non-interest-bearing deposits increased by $118.5 million in the first nine months of 2022 to $1.0 billion, and represented 39.04% of total deposits at September 30, 2022, compared to 39.46% of total deposits at December 31, 2021. Our loan to deposit ratio was ~~99.22%~~99.57% at September 30, 2023, as compared to 100.67% at December 31, 2022.

•Assets. Total assets were $3.5 billion at September 30, 2023, representing a $277.9 million, or 8.61%, increase compared to $3.2 billion at December 31, 2022.

•Loans. Total loans held for investment were $3.0 billion at September 30, 2023, compared to $2.8 billion at December 31, 2022, an increase of $218.6 million, or 7.83%. The increase was primarily attributable to increases of $204.9 million in commercial real estate loans, $8.0 million in commercial land and development loans, $7.2 million in residential construction loans, and $6.7 million in commercial construction loans.

•Credit Quality. Credit quality remains strong, with non-accrual loans representing $2.0 million, or 0.07% of total loans held for investment, at September 30, 2023, as compared to $0.4 million, or 0.01% of total loans held for investment, at December 31, 2022. The ratio of allowance for credit losses to total loans held for investment, or total loans at period end, was 1.13% at September 30, 2023 and 1.02% at December 31, 2022.

•Net Interest Margin. Net interest margin was 3.31% and 3.50% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and 3.86% and 3.73% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The decrease in net interest margin for the both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to an increase in deposit costs more than offsetting increases in yields on earning assets, as the effective Federal Funds rate increased from 3.08% at September 30, 2022 ~~compared~~ to ~~85.09%~~5.33% at ~~December 31, 2021.~~September 30, 2023.

~~Table~~•Efficiency Ratio. Efficiency ratio was 41.63% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, up from 35.13% for the corresponding period of ~~Contents~~2022. Additionally, efficiency ratio was 39.11% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, up from 37.68% for the corresponding period of 2022.

•Capital Ratios. All capital ratios were above well-capitalized regulatory thresholds as of September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. The total risk-based capital ratio for the Company was ~~13.94%~~12.37% at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, compared to ~~13.98%~~12.46% at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The Tier 1 leverage ratio was ~~8.66%~~8.58% at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as compared to ~~9.47%~~8.60% at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. For additional information about the regulatory capital requirements applicable to the Company and the Bank, see the section entitled “—Financial Condition Summary—Capital Adequacy” below.

•Dividends. The board of directors declared a cash dividend of ~~$0.15~~$0.20 per share on July ~~21, 2022.~~20, 2023.

Highlights of ~~the~~our financial results are presented in the following tables:


(dollars in thousands)	(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021			(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Selected financial condition data:	Selected financial condition data:							Selected financial condition data:
Total assets	Total assets	$	3,074,570		$	2,556,761		Total assets	$	3,505,040		$	3,227,159
Total loans held for investment	Total loans held for investment	2,582,978			1,934,460			Total loans held for investment	3,009,930			2,791,326
Total deposits	Total deposits	2,614,332			2,285,890			Total deposits	3,032,210			2,782,004
Total subordinated notes, net	Total subordinated notes, net	102,028			28,386			Total subordinated notes, net	73,713			73,606
Total shareholders’ equity	Total shareholders’ equity	239,258			235,046			Total shareholders’ equity	274,024			252,825
Asset quality ratios:	Asset quality ratios:							Asset quality ratios:
Allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment		1.08		%	1.20		%
Allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment, excluding PPP loans1		1.08		%	1.22		%
Allowance for loan losses to non-accrual loans		6,483.87		%	3,954.30		%
Non-accrual loans to total loans held for investment		0.02		%	0.03		%
Allowance for credit losses to total loans held for investment								Allowance for credit losses to total loans held for investment	1.13		%	1.02		%

Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans								Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans	1,699.35		%	7,026.98		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans held for investment								Nonperforming loans to total loans held for investment	0.07		%	0.01		%
Capital ratios:	Capital ratios:							Capital ratios:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	13.94		%	13.98		%	Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	12.37		%	12.46		%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	9.21		%	11.44		%	Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	9.07		%	8.99		%
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	9.21		%	11.44		%	Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	9.07		%	8.99		%
Tier 1 leverage	Tier 1 leverage	8.66		%	9.47		%	Tier 1 leverage	8.58		%	8.60		%
Total shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio		7.78		%	9.19		%
Tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets2		7.78		%	9.19		%
Total shareholders’ equity to total assets								Total shareholders’ equity to total assets	7.82		%	7.83		%
Tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets1								Tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets1	7.82		%	7.83		%

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		For the three months ended						For the nine months ended							For the three months ended						For the nine months ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021			September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021			(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2022			September 30, 2023			September 30, 2022
Selected operating data:	Selected operating data:													Selected operating data:
Net interest income	Net interest income	$	27,424		$	19,909		$	73,777		$	56,253		Net interest income	$	27,476		$	27,523		$	84,202		$	73,935
Provision for loan losses		2,250			—			5,450			200
Provision for credit losses														Provision for credit losses	1,050			2,250			3,200			5,450
Non-interest income	Non-interest income	1,532			2,028			5,714			5,490			Non-interest income	1,384			1,433			5,575			5,556
Non-interest expense	Non-interest expense	10,172			8,641			29,952			27,025			Non-interest expense	12,015			10,172			35,112			29,952
Net income	Net income	11,704			11,026			31,519			31,132			Net income	11,045			11,704			36,935			31,519
Net income per common share:

Per common share data:														Per common share data:
Earnings per common share:														Earnings per common share:
Basic	Basic	$	0.68		$	0.64		$	1.84		$	2.18		Basic	$	0.64		$	0.68		$	2.15		$	1.84
Diluted	Diluted	$	0.68		$	0.64		$	1.84		$	2.18		Diluted	0.64			0.68			2.15			1.84
Selected pro forma operating data:
Pro forma net income3		11,704			11,026			31,519			26,494
Pro forma provision for income taxes3		4,830			2,270			12,570			8,024
Pro forma net income per common share3:
Basic		$	0.68		$	0.64		$	1.84		$	1.86
Diluted		$	0.68		$	0.64		$	1.84		$	1.86
Book value per share														Book value per share	15.88			13.87			15.88			13.87
Tangible book value per share2														Tangible book value per share2	15.88			13.87			15.88			13.87

Performance and other financial ratios:	Performance and other financial ratios:													Performance and other financial ratios:
ROAA	ROAA	1.60		%	1.85		%	1.53		%	1.88		%	ROAA	1.30		%	1.60		%	1.50		%	1.53		%
ROAE	ROAE	19.35		%	19.26		%	17.85		%	24.01		%	ROAE	16.09		%	19.35		%	18.70		%	17.85		%
Net interest margin	Net interest margin	3.84		%	3.60		%	3.72		%	3.63		%	Net interest margin	3.31		%	3.86		%	3.50		%	3.73		%
Cost of funds	Cost of funds	0.62		%	0.17		%	0.35		%	0.20		%	Cost of funds	2.28		%	0.62		%	1.96		%	0.35		%
Efficiency ratio	Efficiency ratio	35.13		%	39.39		%	37.68		%	43.77		%	Efficiency ratio	41.63		%	35.13		%	39.11		%	37.68		%
Cash dividend payout ratio on common stock4		22.06		%	23.29		%	24.53		%	201.50		%
Selected pro forma ratios:
Pro forma ROAA3,5		1.60		%	1.85		%	1.53		%	1.60		%
Pro forma ROAE3,5		19.35		%	19.26		%	17.85		%	20.43		%
Cash dividend payout ratio on common stock3														Cash dividend payout ratio on common stock3	31.25		%	22.06		%	25.58		%	24.53		%

1The allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment, excluding PPP loans, is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. See the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment, excluding PPP loans, is defined as allowance for loan losses, divided by total loans held for investment less PPP loans. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment.

2Tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets is considered ~~to be~~ a non-GAAP financial measure. See the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets is defined as total equity less goodwill and other intangible assets, divided

by total assets less goodwill and other intangible assets. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is total shareholders’ equity to total assets. We had no goodwill or other intangible assets as of any of the dates indicated. As a result, tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets is the same as total shareholders’ equity to total assets at the end of each of the periods indicated.

32~~For~~Tangible book value is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. See the ~~three~~section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Tangible book value per share is defined as total shareholders’ equity less goodwill and ~~nine months ended September 30, 2021, we calculate our pro forma net income, provision for income taxes, net income~~other intangible assets, divided by the outstanding number of common shares at the end of the period. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is book value per ~~common~~share. We had no goodwill or other intangible assets at the end of any period indicated. As a result, tangible book value per share ROAA, and ROAE by adding back our S Corporation tax to net income and applying a combined C Corporation statutory tax rate for U.S. federal and California state income taxes of 29.56%. This calculation reflects only the change in our status as an S Corporation and does not give effect to any other transaction. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, our pro forma provision for income tax expense is the same as ~~our actual C Corporation provision, given that~~book value per share at the ~~Company was taxed as a C Corporation for the entirety~~end of each of the ~~three- and nine-month~~ periods ~~and thus pro forma calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 are equal to actuals.~~indicated.

43Cash dividend payout ratio on common stock is calculated as dividends on common shares divided by basic ~~net income~~earnings per common share.

5~~Pro forma ROAA and ROAE are calculated using pro forma net income balances, with no adjustments to average assets and average equity balances~~.

4636

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our results of operations compares the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 to the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the most significant contributor to our net income. Net interest income represents interest income from interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, less interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits, ~~Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco ("FHLB")~~FHLB advances, subordinated notes, and other borrowings, which are used to fund those assets. In evaluating our net interest income, we measure and monitor yields on our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities as well as trends in our net interest margin. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets for the same period. We manage our earning assets and funding sources in order to maximize this margin while limiting credit risk and interest rate sensitivity to our established risk appetite levels. Changes in market interest rates and competition in our market typically have the largest impact on periodic changes in our net interest margin.

Three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022

Net interest income ~~increased by $7.5 million, or 37.75%, to $27.4~~remained consistent at $27.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 ~~from $19.9 million~~and our net interest margin of 3.31% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021. Our net interest margin of 3.84% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 increased~~2023 decreased from ~~3.60% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the following:~~

•~~An increase in average yields on interest-earning deposits with banks and investment securities.~~ Yields on interest-earning deposits with banks increased due to five Federal Reserve rate increases totaling 3.00% that occurred between September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2022. Additionally, yields on investment securities increased as a result of the Federal Reserve rate hikes discussed above, as U.S. government agencies are indexed to the prime rate, which resets quarterly and changes commensurate with changes that occur to Federal Reserve rates.

•~~A decrease in average yields on loans.~~ ~~The above increases were partially offset by a decrease in average loan yields from 4.90% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 to 4.74%~~3.86% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. ~~This decrease~~The contraction of our net interest margin was primarily due to ~~yields earned on PPP loans forgiven during~~ the ~~three months ended September 30, 2021, which did not recur during the three months ended September 30, 2022. Excluding PPP loans, average loan yields~~ increased eight basis points from 4.66% to 4.74% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2022, respectively. Average loan yield, excluding PPP loans, is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. See the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Additionally, the rates associated with the index utilized for a significant portion of the Company’s variable rate loans, the United States 5 Year Treasury index, were higher during the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, but a majority of these loans were not scheduled to reprice during the three months ended September 30, 2022. New loan originations drove increases in the average daily balance of loans from the three months ended September 30, 2021 to the three months ended September 30, 2022, which partially offset the decrease in average loan yields.

•~~An increase in average~~ rates paid on interest-bearing ~~liabilities.~~ ~~The increase~~liabilities more than offsetting the increased yields earned on interest-earning assets. These changes related to the change in the effective Federal Funds rate from 3.08% at September 30, 2022 to 5.33% at September 30, 2023. Additional detail relating to net interest margin ~~was also challenged by an increase~~ in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities from 0.29% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 to 1.01% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to increases in rates paid on interest-bearing deposit accounts and FHLB advances. Ongoing growth of non-interest-bearing deposits continues to benefit the average cost of total deposits.each period is provided below.

4737

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

Average balance sheet, interest, and yield/rate analysis. The following table presents average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense, and the corresponding average yield earned ~~and rates~~or rate paid for each period reported. The average balances are daily averages and include both performing and nonperforming loans.


		For the three months ended September 30, 2022						For the three months ended September 30, 2021							For the three months ended September 30, 2023						For the three months ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Rate
Assets	Assets													Assets
Interest-earning deposits with banks1	Interest-earning deposits with banks1	$	210,179	$	1,145	2.16	%	$	412,953	$	175	0.17	%	Interest-earning deposits with banks1	$	198,751	$	2,584	5.16	%	$	210,179	$	1,145	2.16	%
Investment securities2		126,733		615		1.93	%	157,305		571		1.44	%
Investment securities1,2														Investment securities1,2	112,154		653		2.31	%	126,733		615		1.93	%
Loans held for investment and sale1,3	Loans held for investment and sale1,3	2,494,468		29,787		4.74	%	1,625,995		20,086		4.90	%	Loans held for investment and sale1,3	2,982,140		41,861		5.57	%	2,494,468		29,886		4.75	%
Total interest-earning assets1	Total interest-earning assets1	2,831,380		31,547		4.42	%	2,196,253		20,832		3.76	%	Total interest-earning assets1	3,293,045		45,098		5.43	%	2,831,380		31,646		4.43	%
Interest receivable and other assets, net		78,112						168,906
Interest receivable and other assets, net4														Interest receivable and other assets, net4	77,757						78,112
Total assets	Total assets	$	2,909,492					$	2,365,159					Total assets	$	3,370,802					$	2,909,492
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity	Liabilities and shareholders’ equity													Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Interest-bearing transaction accounts		$	213,926	$	115	0.21	%	$	149,479	$	38	0.10	%
Savings accounts		103,142		65		0.25	%	76,669		19		0.10	%
Money market accounts		1,015,698		1,780		0.69	%	966,629		389		0.16	%
Time accounts		208,678		857		1.63	%	54,314		34		0.25	%
Interest-bearing transaction accounts1														Interest-bearing transaction accounts1	$	296,230	$	972	1.30	%	$	213,926	$	115	0.21	%
Savings accounts1														Savings accounts1	134,920		880		2.59	%	103,142		65		0.25	%
Money market accounts1														Money market accounts1	1,328,290		9,536		2.85	%	1,015,698		1,780		0.69	%
Time accounts1														Time accounts1	399,514		4,998		4.96	%	208,678		857		1.63	%
Subordinated debt and other borrowings1	Subordinated debt and other borrowings1	72,195		1,306		7.18	%	28,359		443		6.20	%	Subordinated debt and other borrowings1	79,085		1,236		6.20	%	72,195		1,306		7.18	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,613,639		4,123		1.01	%	1,275,450		923		0.29	%	Total interest-bearing liabilities	2,238,039		17,622		3.12	%	1,613,639		4,123		1.01	%
Demand accounts	Demand accounts	1,041,222						853,017						Demand accounts	825,254						1,041,222
Interest payable and other liabilities	Interest payable and other liabilities	14,687						9,537						Interest payable and other liabilities	35,123						14,687
Shareholders’ equity	Shareholders’ equity	239,944						227,155						Shareholders’ equity	272,386						239,944
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,909,492					$	2,365,159					Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	3,370,802					$	2,909,492
Net interest spread4						3.41	%					3.48	%
Net interest income/margin5				$	27,424	3.84	%			$	19,909	3.60	%
Net interest spread5														Net interest spread5					2.31	%					3.42	%
Net interest income/margin6														Net interest income/margin6			$	27,476	3.31	%			$	27,523	3.86	%

1Interest income/expense is divided by the actual number of days in the period multiplied by the actual number of days in the year to correspond to stated interest rate terms, where applicable.

2Yields on available-for-sale securities are calculated based on ~~amortized cost balances rather than~~ fair ~~value, as changes in fair value are reflected as a component of shareholders’ equity.~~value. Investment security interest is earned on a 30/360 day basis monthly. Yields are not calculated on a tax-equivalent basis.

3~~Average loan balance includes both loans held for investment and loans held for sale.~~ Non-accrual loans are included in total loan balances. No adjustment has been made for these loans in the yield calculations. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs. Allowance for credit losses is not included in total loan balances.

4Allowance for credit losses is included in interest receivable and other assets, net.

5Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets minus the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

56Net interest margin is computed by calculating the difference between interest income and interest expense, divided by the average balance of interest-earning assets, then annualized based on the number of days in the given period.

Analysis of changes in interest income and expenses. Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average yields/rates. The following table shows the effect that these factors had on the interest earned from our interest-earning assets and interest incurred on our interest-bearing liabilities. The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the current period’s average yield/rate. The effect of rate changes is calculated by

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

multiplying the change in average yield/rate by the previous period’s volume. Changes not solely attributable to volume or yields/rates have been allocated in proportion to the respective volume and yield/rate components.


		For the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021							For the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	(dollars in thousands)	Volume		Yield/Rate		Total		(dollars in thousands)	Volume		Yield/Rate		Total Increase (Decrease)
Interest-earning deposits with banks	Interest-earning deposits with banks	$	(1,107)	$	2,077	$	970	Interest-earning deposits with banks	$	(149)	$	1,588	$	1,439
Investment securities	Investment securities	(143)		187		44		Investment securities	(85)		123		38
Loans held for investment and sale	Loans held for investment and sale	10,356		(655)		9,701		Loans held for investment and sale	6,846		5,129		11,975
Total interest-earning assets	Total interest-earning assets	9,106		1,609		10,715		Total interest-earning assets	6,612		6,840		13,452
Interest-bearing transaction accounts	Interest-bearing transaction accounts	35		42		77		Interest-bearing transaction accounts	270		587		857
Savings accounts	Savings accounts	17		29		46		Savings accounts	207		608		815
Money market accounts	Money market accounts	86		1,304		1,390		Money market accounts	2,244		5,512		7,756
Time accounts	Time accounts	635		189		824		Time accounts	2,388		1,753		4,141
Subordinated debt and other borrowings	Subordinated debt and other borrowings	793		70		863		Subordinated debt and other borrowings	108		(178)		(70)
Total interest-bearing liabilities	Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,566		1,634		3,200		Total interest-bearing liabilities	5,217		8,282		13,499
Changes in net interest income/margin	Changes in net interest income/margin	$	7,540	$	(25)	$	7,515	Changes in net interest income/margin	$	1,395	$	(1,442)	$	(47)

~~Total~~Net interest income ~~increased by $10.7 million, or 51.44%, to $31.5 million~~decreased $47.0 thousand, and net interest margin decreased 55 basis points for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $20.8 million for the corresponding period of 2021 due~~2023 compared to the ~~following:~~

•~~Rates.~~same quarter of the prior year. The ~~average yields on interest-earning assets were 4.42% and 3.76% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. The increase~~decrease in ~~yields period-over-period was~~net interest income is primarily attributable to an additional $13.6 million in deposit interest expense due to increases in ~~yields earned on interest-earning~~interest rates and average balances as compared to the same quarter of the prior year. The cost of interest-bearing deposits ~~with banks and investment securities. These increases were partially offset~~increased 228 basis points as compared to the same quarter of the prior year, while average balances increased 40.06%. In addition, the average balance of non-interest-bearing deposits decreased by ~~a 16 basis point decrease~~$216.0 million as compared to the same quarter of the prior year. The increase in loan yields from 4.90% to 4.74% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2022, respectively. This decline was primarily due to yields earned on PPP loans forgiven during the three months ended September 30, 2021, which did not recur during the three months ended September 30, 2022. The overall decline in loan yieldsdeposit interest expense was partially offset by an increase in yields on the commercial real estate portfolio which increased by 12 basis points to 4.62% from 4.50% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively, due to increased rates on commercial real estate loans originated in the current rising rate environment.

•~~Volume.~~ ~~Average interest-earning assets increased by approximately $635.1~~total interest income of $13.5 million, period-over-period, primarily driven by new loan originations, which drove increases in the average daily balances of loans for the three months ended September 30, 2022, offsetting the decline in loan yields.

~~Total interest expense increased by $3.2 million, or 346.70%, to $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 from $0.9 million for the same period of 2021 due to the following:~~

•~~Rates.~~ The average costs of interest-bearing liabilities were 1.01% and 0.29% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. The increase in cost period-over-period was primarily due to increases in rates paid on interest-bearing deposit accounts, with the most significant increases in time and money market accounts, combined with an increase in rates paid on FHLB advances during the three months ended September 30, 2022as compared to the ~~three months ended September 30, 2021. The rate paid on~~same quarter of the ~~new subordinated debt issuance remained relatively consistent with~~ prior ~~issuances. Additionally,~~year. Average loan yields increased 82 basis points as compared to the ~~cost~~same quarter of ~~funds increased from 0.17% for~~ the ~~quarter ended September 30, 2021 to 0.62% for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.~~

•~~Volume.~~ Average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $338.2 million period-over-period, primarily driven by the issuance of $75.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due September 1, 2032 on August 17, 2022, combined with increases inprior year, while average balances ~~for all types of interest-bearing deposit accounts, with the most substantial increases in time, interest-bearing transaction, and money market accounts period-over-period.~~increased 19.55%.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

Nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022

Net interest income increased by ~~$17.5~~$10.3 million, or ~~31.15%~~13.89%, ~~to $73.8 million~~ for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from $56.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Our net interest margin of 3.72% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased from 3.63% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the following:

•~~A decrease in average yields on loans.~~ The above increases were partially offset by a decrease in average loan yields from 4.86% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to 4.59% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to changes in the macroeconomic environment, which caused a majority of the Company’s fixed rate loans to recognize lower yields in 2022 than those recognized in 2021. The rates associated with the index utilized for a significant portion of the Company’s variable rate loans, the United States 5 Year Treasury index, were higher during the nine months ended September 30, 2022,2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021, but a majority of these loans were not scheduled to reprice~~2022, while our net interest margin decreased 23 basis points during the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2022, which also contributed~~same period. The contraction of our net interest margin was primarily due to the downward trend in average loan yields. New loan originations at higher-yielding rates drove increases in the average daily balance of loans from the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which partially offset the aforementioned declining average loan yields. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, interest income from loans increased ~~by $19.4 million to $76.7 million, as the average daily balance of loans increased by $657.8 million, or 41.71%, compared to the same period of 2021.~~

•~~An increase in average~~ rates paid on interest-bearing ~~liabilities.~~ ~~The increase~~liabilities more than offsetting the increased yields earned on interest-earning assets, relating to changes in the effective Federal Funds rate in each period. Additional detail relating to net interest margin ~~was also challenged by an increase~~ in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities from 0.34% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to 0.57% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to increases in rates paid on interest-bearing deposit accounts and FHLB advances. Growth of non-interest-bearing deposits continues to benefit the overall average cost of total deposits for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.each period is provided below.

5039

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~


		For the nine months ended September 30, 2022						For the nine months ended September 30, 2021							For the nine months ended September 30, 2023						For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate
(In thousands)														(In thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Rate
Assets	Assets													Assets
Interest-earning deposits with banks1	Interest-earning deposits with banks1	$	280,994	$	1,855	0.88	%	$	351,812	$	404	0.15	%	Interest-earning deposits with banks1	$	192,976	$	6,969	4.83	%	$	280,994	$	1,855	0.88	%
Investment securities2		136,067		1,784		1.75	%	143,207		1,601		1.49	%
Investment securities1,2														Investment securities1,2	115,884		1,949		2.25	%	136,067		1,784		1.75	%
Loans held for investment and sale1,3	Loans held for investment and sale1,3	2,234,958		76,719		4.59	%	1,577,177		57,325		4.86	%	Loans held for investment and sale1,3	2,911,397		119,284		5.48	%	2,234,958		76,877		4.60	%
Total interest-earning assets1	Total interest-earning assets1	2,652,019		80,358		4.05	%	2,072,196		59,330		3.83	%	Total interest-earning assets1	3,220,257		128,202		5.32	%	2,652,019		80,516		4.06	%
Interest receivable and other assets, net		108,803						145,362
Interest receivable and other assets, net4														Interest receivable and other assets, net4	74,184						108,803
Total assets	Total assets	$	2,760,822					$	2,217,558					Total assets	$	3,294,441					$	2,760,822
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity	Liabilities and shareholders’ equity													Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Interest-bearing transaction accounts		$	248,540	$	251	0.14	%	$	151,611	$	113	0.10	%
Savings accounts		96,986		128		0.18	%	71,069		53		0.10	%
Money market accounts		972,959		2,825		0.39	%	928,170		1,447		0.21	%
Time accounts		170,912		1,179		0.92	%	45,772		134		0.39	%
Interest-bearing transaction accounts1														Interest-bearing transaction accounts1	$	320,013	$	2,230	0.93	%	$	248,540	$	251	0.14	%
Savings accounts1														Savings accounts1	143,142		2,182		2.04	%	96,986		128		0.18	%
Money market accounts1														Money market accounts1	1,235,375		23,108		2.50	%	972,959		2,825		0.39	%
Time accounts1														Time accounts1	357,433		12,213		4.57	%	170,912		1,179		0.92	%
Subordinated debt and other borrowings1	Subordinated debt and other borrowings1	43,562		2,198		6.75	%	28,341		1,330		6.27	%	Subordinated debt and other borrowings1	94,923		4,267		6.01	%	43,562		2,198		6.75	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,532,959		6,581		0.57	%	1,224,963		3,077		0.34	%	Total interest-bearing liabilities	2,150,886		44,000		2.74	%	1,532,959		6,581		0.57	%
Demand accounts	Demand accounts	977,894						809,216						Demand accounts	851,608						977,894
Interest payable and other liabilities	Interest payable and other liabilities	13,936						9,993						Interest payable and other liabilities	27,883						13,936
Shareholders’ equity	Shareholders’ equity	236,033						173,386						Shareholders’ equity	264,064						236,033
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,760,822					$	2,217,558					Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	3,294,441					$	2,760,822
Net interest spread4						3.48	%					3.49	%
Net interest income/margin5				$	73,777	3.72	%			$	56,253	3.63	%
Net interest spread5														Net interest spread5					2.58	%					3.49	%
Net interest income/margin6														Net interest income/margin6			$	84,202	3.50	%			$	73,935	3.73	%

1Interest income/expense is divided by the actual number of days in the period multiplied by the actual number of days in the year to correspond to stated interest rate terms, where applicable.

4Allowance for credit losses is included in interest receivable and other assets, net.

5Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets minus the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~


		For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021							For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)		Volume		Yield/Rate		Total
(In thousands)								(In thousands)	Volume		Yield/Rate		Total Increase (Decrease)
Interest-earning deposits with banks	Interest-earning deposits with banks	$	(465)	$	1,916	$	1,451	Interest-earning deposits with banks	$	(3,179)	$	8,293	$	5,114
Investment securities	Investment securities	(92)		275		183		Investment securities	(339)		504		165
Loans held for investment and sale	Loans held for investment and sale	22,578		(3,184)		19,394		Loans held for investment and sale	27,714		14,693		42,407
Total interest-earning assets	Total interest-earning assets	22,021		(993)		21,028		Total interest-earning assets	24,196		23,490		47,686
Interest-bearing transaction accounts	Interest-bearing transaction accounts	95		43		138		Interest-bearing transaction accounts	498		1,481		1,979
Savings accounts	Savings accounts	34		41		75		Savings accounts	704		1,350		2,054
Money market accounts	Money market accounts	130		1,248		1,378		Money market accounts	4,908		15,375		20,283
Time accounts	Time accounts	863		182		1,045		Time accounts	6,373		4,661		11,034
Subordinated debt and other borrowings	Subordinated debt and other borrowings	767		101		868		Subordinated debt and other borrowings	2,309		(240)		2,069
Total interest-bearing liabilities	Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,889		1,615		3,504		Total interest-bearing liabilities	14,792		22,627		37,419
Changes in net interest income/margin	Changes in net interest income/margin	$	20,132	$	(2,608)	$	17,524	Changes in net interest income/margin	$	9,404	$	863	$	10,267

~~Total~~Net interest income increased by ~~$21.0 million, or 35.44%~~13.89%, ~~to $80.4 million~~while net interest margin decreased 23 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $59.3 million for the corresponding period of 2021 due to the following:~~

•~~Rates.~~ The average yields on interest-earning assets were 4.05% and 3.83% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. The increase in yields period-over-period was primarily due to an increase in yields earned on interest-earning deposits with banks and investment securities. These increases were partially offset by a 27 basis point decrease in loan yields from 4.86% to 4.59% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2022, respectively. This decrease was primarily due to changes in the macroeconomic environment, which caused a majority of the Company's fixed rate loans to recognize lower yields in 2022 than those recognized in 2021, particularly in the categories of commercial real estate and consumer loans.

•~~Volume.~~ Average interest-earning assets increased by approximately $579.8 million period-over-period, primarily driven by new loan originations, which drove increases in the average daily balances of loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, offsetting the decline in loan portfolio yield. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, interest income from loans increased by $19.4 million to $76.7 million,2023 as ~~the average daily balance of loans increased by $657.8 million, or 41.71%,~~ compared to ~~the same period of 2021.~~

~~Total interest expense increased by $3.5 million, or 113.88%, to $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from $3.1 million for the same period of 2021 due to the following:~~

•~~Rates.~~ The average costs of interest-bearing liabilities were 0.57% and 0.34% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. The increase in cost period-over-period was primarily due to increases in rates paid on interest-bearing deposit accounts, with the most significant increases in time and money market accounts, combined with an increase in rates paid on FHLB advances during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The ~~rate paid~~increase in net interest income is primarily attributable to an additional $42.4 million in interest income on ~~the new subordinated debt issuance remained relatively consistent with prior issuances. Additionally, the cost of funds increased from 0.20% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021~~loans due to ~~0.35% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.~~

•~~Volume.~~ ~~Average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $308.0 million, or 25.14%, period-over-period, primarily driven by~~ increases in interest rates and average balances for all types of interest-bearing deposit accounts, combined with the issuance of $75.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due September 1, 2032 on August 17, 2022. Interest expense on customer deposits increased by $2.6 millionas compared to ~~$4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from $1.7 million for~~ the same period of ~~2021.~~the prior year. The average yield on loans increased 88 basis points as compared to the same period of the prior year, while average balances increased $676.4 million, or 30.27%. The cost of interest-bearing deposits increased 219 basis points as compared to the same period of the prior year due to increases in interest rates and an increase in average balances of $566.6 million, or 38.04%. In addition, the average balance of non-interest-bearing deposits decreased by $126.3 million, or 12.91%, as compared to the same period of the prior year. While the increase in total interest income more than offset the increase in total interest expense, net interest income relative to interest-earning assets decreased as compared to the same period of the prior year.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

Provision for ~~Loan~~Credit Losses

The provision for ~~loan~~credit losses is based on management’s assessment of the adequacy of our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. Factors impacting the provision include inherent risk characteristics in our loan portfolio, the level of nonperforming loans and net charge-offs, both current and historic, local economic and credit conditions, the direction of the change in collateral values, and the funding probability on unfunded lending commitments. The provision for ~~loan~~credit losses is charged against earnings in order to maintain our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, which reflects management’s best estimate of ~~probable~~forecasted life of loan losses ~~inherent~~ in our loan portfolio at the balance sheet date.

Beginning January 1, 2023, we adopted ASC 326, which replaced the former “incurred loss” model for recognizing credit losses with an “expected loss” model referred to as the CECL model. The CECL allowance model calculates reserves over the life of the loan and is largely driven by portfolio characteristics, economic outlook, and other key methodology assumptions. Under the CECL model, the calculated allowance for credit losses was $5.3 million higher on January 1, 2023 than the allowance under the incurred loss model. Utilizing CECL may have an impact on our allowance for credit losses going forward and may result in a lack of comparability between the 2022 and 2023 periods.

Three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022

We recorded a ~~$2.3~~$1.1 million provision for ~~loan~~credit losses in the third quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, as compared to noa $2.3 million provision for ~~loan~~credit losses recorded for the same period of ~~2021.~~2022. As explained above, utilizing CECL may result in a lack of comparability between the 2022 and 2023 periods. The ~~increase of $2.3 million for the~~ provision ~~period-over-period was~~recorded is primarily due to ~~increased reserves based on~~ loan growth, loan type mix, and ~~economic conditions during~~updates in the third quarter of 2022, while improved economic conditions related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during the third quarter of 2021 provided favorable economic conditions for our borrowers, which resulted in no provision for the period. The Company had a decrease in loans designated as watch and substandard from $57.9 million as of September 30, 2021 to $22.5 million as of September 30, 2022, causing a reduction in related reserves, which partially offset the increase in provision for loan losses period-over-period.macroeconomic environment.

Nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022

We recorded a ~~$5.5~~$3.2 million provision for ~~loan~~credit losses in the first nine months of ~~2022,~~2023, as compared to a ~~$0.2~~$5.5 million provision for ~~loan~~credit losses for the same period of ~~2021.~~2022. As explained above, utilizing CECL may result in a lack of comparability between the 2022 and 2023 periods. The ~~increase of $5.3 million for the~~ provision ~~period-over-period was~~recorded is primarily due to ~~increased reserves based on~~ loan growth, loan type mix, and ~~economic conditions during~~updates in the first nine months of 2022, while improved economic conditions related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during the first nine months of 2021 provided favorable economic conditions for our borrowers, which resulted in a less significant provision for the period. The Company had a decrease in loans designated as watch and substandard from $57.9 million as of September 30, 2021 to $22.5 million as of September 30, 2022, causing a reduction in related reserves, which partially offset the increase in provision for loan losses period-over-period.macroeconomic environment.

Non-interest Income

Non-interest income is a secondary contributor to our net income. Non-interest income consists of service charges on deposit accounts, net gain on sale of securities, gain on sale of loans, loan-related fees, FHLB stock dividends, earnings on ~~bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI"),~~BOLI, and other income.

Three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022

The following table details the components of non-interest income for the periods indicated.

For the three months ended
(dollars in thousands) September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 $ Change % Change
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 132 $ 112 $ 20 17.86 %
Net gain on sale of securities — 435 (435) (100.00) %
Gain on sale of loans 548 988 (440) (44.53) %
Loan-related fees 546 285 261 91.58 %
FHLB stock dividends 152 100 52 52.00 %
Earnings on BOLI 102 68 34 50.00 %
Other income 52 40 12 30.00 %
Total non-interest income $ 1,532 $ 2,028 $ (496) (24.46) %

~~Net gain on sale of securities.~~ The decrease in net gain on sale of securities resulted primarily from the sale of approximately $24.6 million of municipal securities, mortgage-backed securities, and U.S. government treasuries during

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

~~the three months ended September 30, 2021, resulting in a $0.4 million gain, which did not recur during the three months ended September 30, 2022.~~


	For the three months ended
(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$ Change		% Change
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	158	$	132	$	26	19.70	%

Gain on sale of loans	396		548		(152)		(27.74)	%
Loan-related fees	355		447		(92)		(20.58)	%
FHLB stock dividends	274		152		122		80.26	%
Earnings on BOLI	127		102		25		24.51	%
Other income	74		52		22		42.31	%
Total non-interest income	$	1,384	$	1,433	$	(49)	(3.42)	%

Gain on sale of loans. The decrease in gain on sale of loans related primarily to an overall decline in the ~~effective yields on~~volume of loans sold ~~due to uncertainty surrounding the timing of rising interest rates~~ during the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. During the three months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, approximately ~~$10.5~~$7.0 million of loans were sold with an effective yield of ~~5.20%~~5.63%, as compared to approximately ~~$9.7~~$10.5 million of loans sold with an effective yield of ~~10.20%~~5.20% during the three months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

~~Loan-related fees.~~FHLB stock dividends. The increase in ~~loan-related fees~~FHLB stock dividends was primarily ~~a result~~due to increased yields from dividends received of ~~an increase of $0.2 million~~ i~~n program-related fees~~7.75% for ~~credit card, merchant services, and consumer loan processing programs during~~ the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023, as compared to 6.00% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

Nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022

The following table details the components of non-interest income for the periods indicated.

For the nine months ended
(dollars in thousands) September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 $ Change % Change
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 370 $ 308 $ 62 20.13 %
Net gain on sale of securities 5 709 (704) (99.29) %
Gain on sale of loans 2,297 3,010 (713) (23.69) %
Loan-related fees 1,958 914 1,044 114.22 %
FHLB stock dividends 353 270 83 30.74 %
Earnings on BOLI 293 180 113 62.78 %
Other income 438 99 339 342.42 %
Total non-interest income $ 5,714 $ 5,490 $ 224 4.08 %

~~Net gain on sale of securities.~~ The decrease in net gain on sale of securities was due to a lower volume of securities sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 than were sold during the corresponding period of 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, approximately $24.4 million of municipal securities and $10.2 million of U.S. government treasuries were sold for a net gain of $0.6 million, which did not recur during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.


	For the nine months ended
(In thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$ Change		% Change
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	410	$	370	$	40	10.81	%
Net gain on sale of securities	—		5		(5)		(100.00)	%
Gain on sale of loans	1,635		2,297		(662)		(28.82)	%
Loan-related fees	1,052		1,800		(748)		(41.56)	%
FHLB stock dividends	656		353		303		85.84	%
Earnings on BOLI	355		293		62		21.16	%
Other income	1,467		438		1,029		234.93	%
Total non-interest income	$	5,575	$	5,556	$	19	0.34	%

Gain on sale of loans.The decrease in gain on sale of loans related primarily to an overall decline in the ~~effective~~volume and yields ~~on loans sold period-over-period. The effective yield~~ on loans sold during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 was 6.33%~~2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, approximately $30.6 million of loans were sold with an effective yield of 5.34%, as compared to approximately $36.3 million of loans sold with an effective yield of ~~9.49% for loans sold~~6.33% during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021. This fluctuation was due to uncertainty surrounding the timing of rising interest rates and premiums received on loans sold.~~2022.

Loan-related fees. The ~~increase~~decrease in loan-related fees primarily related to ~~$0.8~~$0.1 million of swap referral fees recognized during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as compared to ~~$0.1~~$0.8 million recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The remainder of the increase related to loan-related fees earned on higher loan originations during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021.2022.

~~Earnings on BOLI.~~FHLB stock dividends. The increase in ~~earnings on BOLI related~~FHLB stock dividends was primarily due to increased yields on dividends received combined with an ~~additional BOLI policy purchased during~~increase in the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2022. Earnings on this policy were only recognized during the nine months ended~~number of FHLB shares outstanding between September 30, 2022 and ~~did not occur during the nine months ended~~ September 30, ~~2021.~~

2023.

Other ~~income~~income.. The increase in other income resulted primarily from a ~~$0.3~~$1.3 million gain recorded ~~on a distribution~~for distributions received ~~on an investment in a~~from venture-backed fund ~~which did not occur~~investments during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2023 compared to a $0.3 million gain recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

Non-interest Expense

Non-interest expense includes salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment, data processing and software, FDIC insurance, professional services, advertising and promotional, loan-related expenses, and other operating expenses. In evaluating our level of non-interest expense, we closely monitor the ~~Company's~~Company’s efficiency ratio, which is calculated as non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income. We constantly seek to identify ways to streamline our business and operate more efficiently ~~which has enabled us~~in order to reduce our non-interest expense over time ~~in both absolute terms and~~ as a percentage of our revenue, while continuing to achieve growth in total loans and assets.

Over the past several years, we have invested significant resources in personnel, technology, and infrastructure. ~~Additionally,~~As we execute initiatives based on growth, we expect non-interest expense to ~~support corporate organizational matters leading up to the IPO, we experienced increased audit, consulting, and legal costs. As a result, non-interest~~grow. Non-interest expense has increased throughout the periods presented below; however, ~~we do not anticipate incurring significant costs of this type in future periods, and~~ we expect our efficiency ratio will improve going forward due, in part, to our past investment in infrastructure.

Three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022

The following table details the components of non-interest expense for the periods indicated.

For the three months ended
(dollars in thousands) September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 $ Change % Change
Salaries and employee benefits $ 5,645 $ 4,980 $ 665 13.35 %
Occupancy and equipment 515 502 13 2.59 %
Data processing and software 797 611 186 30.44 %
FDIC insurance 195 110 85 77.27 %
Professional services 792 505 287 56.83 %
Advertising and promotional 512 366 146 39.89 %
Loan-related expenses 262 462 (200) (43.29) %
Other operating expenses 1,454 1,105 349 31.58 %
Total non-interest expense $ 10,172 $ 8,641 $ 1,531 17.72 %


	For the three months ended
(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$ Change		% Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	6,876	$	5,645	$	1,231	21.81	%
Occupancy and equipment	561		515		46		8.93	%
Data processing and software	1,020		797		223		27.98	%
FDIC insurance	375		195		180		92.31	%
Professional services	700		792		(92)		(11.62)	%
Advertising and promotional	535		512		23		4.49	%
Loan-related expenses	345		262		83		31.68	%
Other operating expenses	1,603		1,454		149		10.25	%
Total non-interest expense	$	12,015	$	10,172	$	1,843	18.12	%

Salaries and employee benefits. The increase in salaries and employee benefits was primarily a result ofof: (i) a ~~$0.7~~$0.8 million increase in salaries, insurance, and benefits ~~due to~~as a ~~10.90%~~result of a 8.72% increase in headcount ~~between~~during the three months ended September 30, ~~2021 and~~2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 and (ii) a $0.8 million decrease in loan origination costs due to lower loan production period-over-period. These increases were partially offset by $0.4 million of lower commission expenses due to lower loan production during the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Data processing and software. ~~Data~~The increase in data processing and software ~~increased,~~expense was primarily due to: (i) increased usage of our digital banking platform; (ii) higher transaction volumes related to the increased number of loan and deposit accounts; and (iii) an increased number of licenses required for new users on our loan origination and documentation system.

~~Professional services.~~FDIC insurance. ~~Professional services~~The increase related primarily to a final rule adopted by the FDIC to increase initial base deposit insurance assessment rates for insured depository institutions by two basis points, beginning with the first quarterly assessment period of 2023. FDIC insurance also increased ~~primarily as a result of $0.2 million of legal expenses incurred to support corporate organizational matters during~~for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 which did not occur during the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~

~~Advertising and promotional.~~ The increase in advertising and promotional was primarily related to increases in business development, marketing, and sponsorship expenses due to more in-person participation in events held during the three months ended September 30, 20222023 compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022, due to a $320.8 million increase in the assessment base period-over-period.

~~Loan-related~~Other operating expenses. ~~Loan-related~~The increase in other operating expenses ~~decreased,~~was primarily asdue to a ~~result~~$0.1 million increase in IntraFi Network fees resulting from an overall increase in balances carried in the network. The remainder of ~~a $0.2 million accrual recorded~~the increase related to an overall increase in travel, conference fees, and professional membership fees during the three months ended September 30, ~~2021 for an SBA matter in the normal course of business, which did not recur during~~2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.

~~Other operating expenses.~~ Other operating expenses increased, primarily due to a $0.2 million increase in operating expenses, including postage, printing, and other operational expenses, incurred to support the increased customer base for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. The remainder of

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

the increase relates to increased expenses for employee travel and event attendance due to more in-person participation in events held during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022

The following table details the components of non-interest expense for the periods indicated.

For the nine months ended
(dollars in thousands) September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 $ Change % Change
Salaries and employee benefits $ 16,873 $ 14,616 $ 2,257 15.44 %
Occupancy and equipment 1,548 1,394 154 11.05 %
Data processing and software 2,252 1,838 414 22.52 %
FDIC insurance 605 540 65 12.04 %
Professional services 1,914 3,348 (1,434) (42.83) %
Advertising and promotional 1,340 801 539 67.29 %
Loan-related expenses 929 909 20 2.20 %
Other operating expenses 4,491 3,579 912 25.48 %
Total non-interest expense $ 29,952 $ 27,025 $ 2,927 10.83 %


	For the nine months ended
(In thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$ Change		% Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	19,915	$	16,873	$	3,042	18.03	%
Occupancy and equipment	1,635		1,548		87		5.62	%
Data processing and software	2,905		2,252		653		29.00	%
FDIC insurance	1,187		605		582		96.20	%
Professional services	1,917		1,914		3		0.16	%
Advertising and promotional	1,686		1,340		346		25.82	%
Loan-related expenses	924		929		(5)		(0.54)	%
Other operating expenses	4,943		4,491		452		10.06	%
Total non-interest expense	$	35,112	$	29,952	$	5,160	17.23	%

Salaries and employee benefits. The increase in salaries and employee benefits was primarily a result ofof: (i) a ~~$2.8~~$2.1 million increase in salaries, insurance, and ~~overtime pay~~benefits as a result of a ~~10.90%~~8.72% increase in ~~headcount between September 30, 2021~~headcount; (ii) a $1.9 million decrease in loan origination costs due to lower loan production period-over-period; and ~~September 30, 2022, combined with~~(iii) a ~~$0.7~~$0.3 million increase in ~~commissions from~~bonus expense during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. These increases were partially offset by a ~~$1.6~~reduction of $1.4 million ~~increase in deferred loan origination costs period-over-period.~~

~~Occupancy and equipment.~~ ~~The increase in occupancy and equipment was primarily~~of commission expenses for the ~~result of an overall increase in depreciation recognized for furniture, fixtures, and equipment that was purchased~~nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to ~~support~~ the ~~10.90% increase in headcount described above, combined with an overall increase in occupancy expenses period-over-period.~~

nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Data processing and software. The increase in data processing and software was primarily due to: (i) increased usage of our digital banking platform; (ii) higher transaction volumes related to the increased number of loan and deposit accounts; and (iii) an increased number of licenses required for new users on our loan origination and documentation system.

~~Professional services~~FDIC insurance. ~~. Professional services decreased,~~The increase related primarily asto a ~~result~~final rule adopted by the FDIC to increase initial base deposit insurance assessment rates for insured depository institutions by two basis points, beginning with the first quarterly assessment period of ~~expenses recognized during~~2023. FDIC insurance also increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 related to the increased audit, consulting, and legal costs incurred to support corporate organizational matters leading up to the IPO, which did not recur during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

~~Advertising and promotional~~. The increase in advertising and promotional was primarily related to increases in business development, marketing, and sponsorship expenses due to more in-person participation at events held during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022, due to a $320.8 million increase in the assessment base period-over-period.

Advertising and promotional. The increase in advertising and promotional costs was primarily due to an increased customer base and a 28.57% increase in the number of Business Development Officers from 21 as of September 30, 2022 to 27 as of September 30, 2023.

Other operating ~~expenses~~expenses.. The increase in other operating expenses was primarily due to a ~~$0.4~~$0.2 million increase in travel ~~expenses related to attendance of professional events, conferences,~~ and ~~other business-related travel~~a $0.2 million increase in IntraFi Network fees resulting from an overall increase in balances carried in the network during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021. The remainder of the change related to an overall increase in expenses to support the growth in customers period-over-period.~~2022.

Provision for Income Taxes

~~The Company terminated its status as a “Subchapter S” corporation effective May 5, 2021, in connection with the Company’s IPO~~, and became a C Corporation. Prior to that date, as an S Corporation, the Company had no U.S. federal income tax expense. The provision recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 yielded effective tax rates of 29.21%, 28.51%, 17.07%, and 9.81%, respectively. Refer to the section entitled “—Pro Forma C Corporation Income Tax Expense” below for a discussion on what the Company’s income tax expense and net income would have been had the Company been taxed as a C Corporation during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

Three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022

The provision for income taxes ~~increased by $2.6~~was $4.8 million ~~or 112.78%,~~for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $4.8 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022, as compared~~2022. There was a decline in the provision due to ~~$2.3~~an overall decrease in pre-tax income period-over-period, which was partially offset by a $0.2 million adjustment to the provision recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2023 to true-up the year-to-date effective tax rate. The effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was due to an increase in taxable income, combined with the increase in the statutory tax rate used for each period as a result of the conversion to a C Corporation as discussed above, from 20.77% to 29.56% for the three months ended September 30, 20212023 and ~~September 30,~~ 2022 were 30.07% and 29.21%, respectively.

Nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022

The provision for income taxes ~~for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased by $9.2 million, or 271.23%, to $12.6 million, as compared to $3.4~~was $14.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021. This increase was due~~2023, compared to ~~the change in the statutory tax rate used to calculate the provision from 20.77% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to 29.56%~~$12.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. ~~This~~The increase was primarily due to an overall increase in pre-tax

income period-over-period, which was partially offset by a ~~$4.6~~$0.5 million ~~reduction to the provision for income taxes, which did not recur~~state tax benefit recorded during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023 relating to an overall reduction in the ~~adjustment of net deferred~~state tax ~~assets due to the termination of the Company's S Corporation status during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~

~~Pro Forma C Corporation Income Tax Expense~~

~~Because of the Company’s status as a Subchapter S Corporation prior to May 5, 2021, no U.S. federal income tax expense was recorded~~blended rate for ~~a portion of the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Had~~ the Company ~~been taxed as~~since its transition to a C ~~Corporation and paid U.S. federal income~~Corporation. The effective tax for the entirety of that period, the combined statutory income tax rate would have been 29.56%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the pro forma statutory rate reflects a U.S. federal income tax rate of 21.00% and a California state income tax rate of 8.56%, after adjustment for the federal tax benefit, on corporate taxable income. The pro forma statutory raterates for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was calculated using an effective tax rate of 23.25%, which is the actual effective tax rate, excluding the effects of the discrete deferred tax adjustment of $4.6 million, discussed in Note 9. The Company’s pro forma provision for income taxes2023 and ~~pro forma net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 would have been $8.0 million~~2022 were 28.23% and ~~$26.5 million,~~28.51%, respectively.

FINANCIAL CONDITION SUMMARY

The following discussion compares our financial condition as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 to our financial condition as of December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The following table summarizes selected components of our unaudited consolidated balance ~~sheet~~sheets as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.


(dollars in thousands)		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
(in thousands)						(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total assets	Total assets	$	3,074,570	$	2,556,761	Total assets	$	3,505,040	$	3,227,159
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	317,669	$	425,329	Cash and cash equivalents	323,548		259,991
Total investments	Total investments	$	117,805	$	153,753	Total investments	107,190		119,744
Loans held for investment	Loans held for investment	$	2,582,978	$	1,934,460	Loans held for investment	3,009,930		2,791,326
Total deposits	Total deposits	$	2,614,332	$	2,285,890	Total deposits	3,032,210		2,782,004
Subordinated notes, net	Subordinated notes, net	$	102,028	$	28,386	Subordinated notes, net	73,713		73,606
Total shareholders’ equity	Total shareholders’ equity	$	239,258	$	235,046	Total shareholders’ equity	274,024		252,825

Total Assets

At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, total assets were ~~$3.1~~$3.5 billion, an increase of ~~$517.8~~$277.9 million from ~~$2.6~~$3.2 billion at December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, primarily due to ~~an increase in loans held for investment, partially offset by a decrease~~increases in cash and cash equivalents ~~as discussed below.~~of $63.6 million and loans held for investment of $218.6 million.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Total cash and cash equivalents were ~~$317.7~~$323.5 million at September 30, ~~2022, a decrease~~2023, an increase of ~~$107.7~~$63.5 million from ~~$425.3~~$260.0 million at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The ~~decrease~~increase in cash and cash equivalents was primarily ~~a result~~due to increases in deposits of ~~loans originated for sale of $45.0 million, loan originations and advances, net of principal collected, of $639.0~~$250.2 million and ~~cash distributions~~net income of ~~$12.7~~$36.9 million, ~~during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. These decreases were~~ partially offset by loan originations, net ~~income recognized~~ of ~~$31.5 million, proceeds from sale~~repayments, of ~~loans of $36.3 million, an increase in deposits of $328.4 million, proceeds from the subordinated note issuance of $75.0 million, and cash received from an FHLB advance of $105.0~~$212.1 million.

Investment Portfolio

Our investment portfolio is primarily comprised of ~~guaranteed~~ U.S. government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, and obligations of states and political subdivisions, which are high-quality liquid investments. We manage our investment portfolio according to written investment policies approved by our board of directors. Our investment strategy aims to maximize earnings while maintaining liquidity in securities with minimal credit risk and interest rate risk that is reflective of the yields obtained on those securities. Most of our securities are classified as available-for-sale, although we have one long-term, fixed rate municipal security classified as held-to-maturity.

Our total securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity ~~and available-for-sale~~ amounted to ~~$117.8~~$107.2 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~$153.8~~$119.7 million at December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, representing a decrease of ~~$35.9~~$12.5 million period-over-period. The decrease to available-for-sale securities was primarily due to maturities, prepayments, and calls of $8.1 million and an unrealized loss ~~(tax-effected)~~ on securities of ~~$15.5~~$3.5 million, with the remainder of the change due to amortization of premiums. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, other comprehensive loss was $3.0 million, primarily ~~in our mortgage-backed~~due to rate changes and municipal securities portfolios, resulting in tax-effected decreases to each of those portfolios of $8.7 million and $5.4 million, respectively. This unrealized loss was recognized as a result of interest rate increases that occurred during the period.other market conditions on securities.

The following table presents the carrying value of our investment portfolio as of the dates indicated:


		As of									As of
		September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		% of Total		Carrying Value		% of Total		(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		% of Total		Carrying Value		% of Total
Available-for-sale (at fair value):	Available-for-sale (at fair value):									Available-for-sale (at fair value):
U.S. government agencies	U.S. government agencies	$	15,320	13.00	%	$	19,682	12.80	%	U.S. government agencies	$	11,209	10.46	%	$	14,173	11.84	%
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	61,198		51.95	%	81,513		53.02	%	Mortgage-backed securities	54,463		50.81	%	61,271		51.17	%
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	35,428		30.07	%	45,137		29.36	%	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	36,351		33.91	%	38,426		32.09	%
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	414		0.35	%	540		0.35	%	Collateralized mortgage obligations	337		0.31	%	395		0.33	%
Corporate bonds	Corporate bonds	1,681		1.43	%	1,935		1.26	%	Corporate bonds	1,726		1.61	%	1,723		1.44	%
Total available-for-sale	Total available-for-sale	114,041		96.80	%	148,807		96.79	%	Total available-for-sale	104,086		97.10	%	115,988		96.87	%

Held-to-maturity (at amortized cost):	Held-to-maturity (at amortized cost):									Held-to-maturity (at amortized cost):
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	3,764		3.20	%	4,946		3.21	%	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	3,104		2.90	%	3,756		3.13	%
Total	Total	$	117,805	100.00	%	$	153,753	100.00	%	Total	$	107,190	100.00	%	$	119,744	100.00	%

5847

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

The following table presents the carrying value of our securities by their stated maturities, as well as the weighted average yields for each maturity range, as of September 30, ~~2022:~~2023:


		Due in one year or less				Due after one year through five years				Due after five years through ten years				Due after ten years				Total					Due in one year or less				Due after one year through five years				Due after five years through ten years				Due after ten years				Total
(dollars in thousands)	(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield
Available-for-sale:	Available-for-sale:																					Available-for-sale:
U.S. government agencies	U.S. government agencies	$	—	—	%	$	839	1.93	%	$	2,893	2.08	%	$	11,588	1.70	%	$	15,320	1.78	%	U.S. government agencies	$	—	—	%	$	805	3.45	%	$	2,181	5.34	%	$	8,223	5.44	%	$	11,209	5.28	%
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	—		—	%	—		—	%	2		6.94	%	61,196		1.68	%	61,198		1.68	%	Mortgage-backed securities	—		—	%	—		—	%	601		2.74	%	53,862		1.69	%	54,463		1.70	%
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	502		2.80	%	—		—	%	4,538		1.63	%	30,388		1.69	%	35,428		1.70	%	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—	%	355		0.84	%	5,510		1.72	%	30,486		1.76	%	36,351		1.74	%
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	414		1.76	%	414		1.76	%	Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—	%	—		—	%	337		1.76	%	—		—	%	337		1.76	%
Corporate bonds	Corporate bonds	—		—	%	1,681		1.25	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	1,681		1.25	%	Corporate bonds	—		—	%	1,726		1.25	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	1,726		1.25	%
Total available-for-sale	Total available-for-sale	502		2.80	%	2,520		1.48	%	7,433		1.81	%	103,586		1.69	%	114,041		1.69	%	Total available-for-sale	—		—	%	2,886		1.81	%	8,629		2.71	%	92,571		2.04	%	104,086		2.09	%

Held-to-maturity:	Held-to-maturity:																					Held-to-maturity:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	424		6.00	%	1,015		6.00	%	1,470		6.00	%	855		6.00	%	3,764		6.00	%	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	304		6.00	%	935		6.00	%	1,365		6.00	%	500		6.00	%	3,104		6.00	%
Total	Total	$	926	4.27	%	$	3,535	2.77	%	$	8,903	2.50	%	$	104,441	1.72	%	$	117,805	1.83	%	Total	$	304	6.00	%	$	3,821	2.84	%	$	9,994	3.16	%	$	93,071	2.06	%	$	107,190	2.21	%

5948

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

The following table presents the carrying value of our securities by their stated maturities, as well as the weighted average yields for each maturity range, as of December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		Due in one year or less				Due after one year through five years				Due after five years through ten years				Due after ten years				Total					Due in one year or less				Due after one year through five years				Due after five years through ten years				Due after ten years				Total
(dollars in thousands)	(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield		Carrying Value		Weighted Average Yield
Available-for-sale:	Available-for-sale:																					Available-for-sale:
U.S. government agencies	U.S. government agencies	$	—	—	%	$	1,591	1.97	%	$	3,814	0.69	%	$	14,277	0.19	%	$	19,682	0.43	%	U.S. government agencies	$	—	—	%	$	849	1.98	%	$	2,625	3.61	%	$	10,699	2.90	%	$	14,173	2.98	%
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	—		—	%	—		—	%	3		6.90	%	81,510		1.51	%	81,513		1.51	%	Mortgage-backed securities	—		—	%	—		—	%	2		6.94	%	61,269		1.67	%	61,271		1.67	%
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—	%	522		2.80	%	3,748		1.56	%	40,867		1.69	%	45,137		1.69	%	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	501		2.80	%	—		—	%	4,761		1.63	%	33,164		1.76	%	38,426		1.76	%
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	540		1.73	%	540		1.73	%	Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	395		1.76	%	395		1.76	%
Corporate bonds	Corporate bonds	—		—	%	1,935		1.25	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	1,935		1.25	%	Corporate bonds	—		—	%	1,723		1.25	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	1,723		1.25	%
Total available-for-sale	Total available-for-sale	—		—	%	4,048		1.73	%	7,565		1.12	%	137,194		1.43	%	148,807		1.42	%	Total available-for-sale	501		2.80	%	2,572		1.49	%	7,388		2.33	%	105,527		1.82	%	115,988		1.85	%

Held-to-maturity:	Held-to-maturity:																					Held-to-maturity:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	491		6.00	%	951		6.00	%	3,504		6.00	%	—		—	%	4,946		6.00	%	Obligations of states and political subdivisions	417		6.00	%	1,015		6.00	%	1,470		6.00	%	854		6.00	%	3,756		6.00	%
Total	Total	$	491	6.00	%	$	4,999	2.54	%	$	11,069	2.67	%	$	137,194	1.43	%	$	153,753	1.57	%	Total	$	918	4.25	%	$	3,587	2.77	%	$	8,858	2.94	%	$	106,381	1.86	%	$	119,744	1.98	%

Weighted average yield for securities available-for-sale is the projected yield to maturity given current cash flow projections for U.S. government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, and collateralized mortgage obligations. For callable municipal securities and corporate bonds, weighted average yield is a yield to worst. Weighted average yield for securities held-to-maturity is the stated coupon of the bond.

6049

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

~~A summary of the amortized cost and fair value related to securities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is presented below.~~

Gross Unrealized
(dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gains (Losses) Fair Value
September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale:
U.S. government agencies $ 15,492 $ 76 $ (248) $ 15,320
Mortgage-backed securities 74,551 — (13,353) 61,198
Obligations of states and political subdivisions 44,358 — (8,930) 35,428
Collateralized mortgage obligations 454 — (40) 414
Corporate bonds 2,000 — (319) 1,681
Total available-for-sale $ 136,855 $ 76 $ (22,890) $ 114,041
Held-to-maturity:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 3,764 $ — $ (323) $ 3,441
December 31, 2021
Available-for-sale:
U.S. government agencies $ 19,824 $ 60 $ (202) $ 19,682
Mortgage-backed securities 82,517 94 (1,098) 81,513
Obligations of states and political subdivisions 44,732 525 (120) 45,137
Collateralized mortgage obligations 537 3 — 540
Corporate bonds 2,000 — (65) 1,935
Total available-for-sale $ 149,610 $ 682 $ (1,485) $ 148,807
Held-to-maturity:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 4,946 $ 251 $ — $ 5,197

The unrealized losses on securities are primarily attributable to interest rate changes, rather than the marketability of the securities or the issuer’s ability to honor redemption of the obligations, as a majority of the securities with unrealized losses are obligations of or guaranteed by agencies sponsored by the U.S. government. We have adequate liquidity and the ability and intent to hold these securities to maturity, resulting in full recovery of the indicated impairment. Accordingly, none of the unrealized losses on these securities have been determined to be other than temporary.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

Loan Portfolio

Our loan portfolio is our largest class of ~~earning~~interest-earning assets and typically provides higher yields than other types of ~~earning~~interest-earning assets. Associated with the higher yields is an inherent amount of credit risk, which we attempt to mitigate with strong underwriting. As of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, our total loans amounted to ~~$2.6~~$3.0 billion and ~~$1.9~~$2.8 billion, respectively. The following table presents the balance and associated percentage of each major product type within our portfolio as of the dates indicated.


		As of									As of
		September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	(dollars in thousands)	Amount		% of Loans		Amount		% of Loans		(dollars in thousands)	Amount		% of Loans		Amount		% of Loans
Loans held for investment:	Loans held for investment:									Loans held for investment:
Real estate:	Real estate:									Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	2,220,267	85.53	%	$	1,586,232	81.48	%	Commercial	$	2,599,616	86.03	%	$	2,394,674	85.44	%
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	13,476		0.52	%	7,376		0.38	%	Commercial land and development	15,482		0.51	%	7,477		0.27	%
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	74,997		2.89	%	54,214		2.78	%	Commercial construction	95,352		3.16	%	88,669		3.16	%
Residential construction	Residential construction	5,590		0.22	%	7,388		0.38	%	Residential construction	13,922		0.46	%	6,693		0.24	%
Residential	Residential	24,191		0.93	%	28,562		1.47	%	Residential	25,028		0.83	%	24,230		0.86	%
Farmland	Farmland	54,073		2.08	%	54,805		2.82	%	Farmland	51,921		1.72	%	52,478		1.87	%
Commercial:	Commercial:									Commercial:
Secured	Secured	143,200		5.52	%	137,062		7.03	%	Secured	157,273		5.21	%	165,186		5.89	%
Unsecured	Unsecured	25,394		0.98	%	21,136		1.09	%	Unsecured	23,997		0.79	%	25,431		0.91	%
PPP		—		—	%	22,124		1.14	%

Consumer and other	Consumer and other	23,734		0.91	%	17,167		0.88	%	Consumer and other	29,604		0.98	%	28,628		1.02	%
Loans held for investment, gross	Loans held for investment, gross	2,584,922		99.58	%	1,936,066		99.45	%	Loans held for investment, gross	3,012,195		99.69	%	2,793,466		99.66	%

Loans held for sale:	Loans held for sale:									Loans held for sale:
Commercial	Commercial	11,015		0.42	%	10,671		0.55	%	Commercial	9,326		0.31	%	9,416		0.34	%
Total loans, gross	Total loans, gross	2,595,937		100.00	%	1,946,737		100.00	%	Total loans, gross	3,021,521		100.00	%	2,802,882		100.00	%
Net deferred loan fees	Net deferred loan fees	(1,944)				(1,606)				Net deferred loan fees	(2,265)				(2,140)
Total loans	Total loans	$	2,593,993			$	1,945,131			Total loans	$	3,019,256			$	2,800,742

Commercial real estate loans consist of term loans secured by a mortgage lien on the real property, such as office and industrial buildings, manufactured home communities, self-storage facilities, hospitality properties, faith-based properties, retail shopping centers, and apartment buildings, as well as commercial real estate construction loans that are offered to builders and developers.

Commercial land and development and commercial construction loans consist of loans made to fund commercial land acquisition and development and commercial construction, respectively. The real estate purchased with these loans is generally located in or near our market.

Commercial loans consist of financing for commercial purposes in various lines of business, including manufacturing, service industry, and professional service areas. Commercial loans can be secured or unsecured but are generally secured with the assets of the company and/or the personal guaranty of the business owner(s).

Residential real estate and construction real estate loans consist of loans secured by single-family and multifamily residential properties, which are both owner-occupied and investor-owned.

6250

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

The following tables present the commercial real estate loan balance, associated percentage of commercial real estate concentrations, estimated real estate collateral values, and related loan-to-value (“LTV”) ranges by collateral type as of the dates indicated. ~~Collateral values and LTVs included in the table below reflect real estate collateral and do not include personal property collateral.~~ Revolving lines of credit with zero balance and 0.00% LTV are excluded from this table. Collateral values are determined at origination using third-party real estate appraisals or evaluations. Updated appraisals, which are included in the table below, are obtained for loans that are downgraded to watch or substandard. Loans over ~~$1.0~~$2.0 million are reviewed annually, at which time an internal assessment of collateral values is completed.


(dollars in thousands)	(dollars in thousands)	Loan Balance		% of Commercial Real Estate		Collateral Value		Minimum LTV		Maximum LTV		(dollars in thousands)	Loan Balance		% of Commercial Real Estate		Collateral Value		Minimum LTV		Maximum LTV
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2023												September 30, 2023
Manufactured home community	Manufactured home community	$	592,051	26.67	%	$	1,015,747	17.17	%	74.41	%	Manufactured home community	$	784,780	30.19	%	$	1,372,955	16.87	%	82.73	%
RV Park												RV Park	336,158		12.93	%	579,226		18.38	%	82.94	%
Retail	Retail	264,764		11.92	%	499,970		7.58	%	74.30	%	Retail	271,271		10.44	%	521,575		6.99	%	74.38	%
Multifamily												Multifamily	211,302		8.13	%	426,282		13.39	%	75.00	%
Faith-based												Faith-based	178,020		6.85	%	469,562		8.37	%	78.98	%
Industrial												Industrial	173,036		6.66	%	416,343		8.71	%	83.62	%
Mini storage												Mini storage	157,724		6.07	%	322,569		16.64	%	70.00	%
Office												Office	137,256		5.28	%	301,178		1.24	%	73.63	%
All other types1												All other types1	350,069		13.45	%	714,214		4.00	%	152.48	%
Total2												Total2	$	2,599,616	100.00	%	$	5,123,904

December 31, 2022												December 31, 2022
Manufactured home community												Manufactured home community	$	673,891	28.14	%	$	1,174,642	17.10	%	78.19	%
RV Park	RV Park	227,507		10.25	%	390,711		18.73	%	72.64	%	RV Park	292,886		12.23	%	506,041		18.64	%	77.89	%
Retail												Retail	264,599		11.05	%	490,291		16.48	%	73.93	%
Multifamily	Multifamily	192,848		8.69	%	437,185		14.45	%	75.00	%	Multifamily	202,203		8.44	%	459,695		14.19	%	75.00	%
Industrial	Industrial	166,271		7.49	%	362,244		10.84	%	156.88	%	Industrial	166,403		6.95	%	366,291		10.77	%	75.00	%
Mini storage	Mini storage	154,143		6.94	%	280,590		20.33	%	70.50	%	Mini storage	158,650		6.63	%	289,820		20.20	%	70.04	%
Faith-based	Faith-based	144,676		6.52	%	385,770		1.25	%	73.96	%	Faith-based	146,740		6.13	%	383,321		3.19	%	73.55	%
Office	Office	143,720		6.47	%	313,042		8.41	%	79.34	%	Office	145,899		6.09	%	310,248		6.66	%	74.68	%
All other types1	All other types1	334,287		15.05	%	691,130		0.25	%	156.88	%	All other types1	343,403		14.34	%	704,984		—	%	152.96	%
Total		$	2,220,267	100.00	%	$	4,376,389	0.25	%	156.88	%

December 31, 2021
Manufactured home community		$	388,133	24.47	%	$	636,449	16.65	%	74.41	%
Retail		166,960		10.53	%	307,376		5.10	%	75.00	%
Multifamily		152,412		9.61	%	350,953		5.13	%	75.00	%
Industrial		135,401		8.54	%	318,875		1.43	%	74.51	%
Office		134,728		8.49	%	294,367		1.67	%	75.00	%
RV Park		130,777		8.24	%	212,820		14.22	%	78.00	%
Faith-based		108,718		6.85	%	272,383		4.59	%	80.14	%
Mini storage		85,712		5.40	%	159,810		20.76	%	69.05	%
Mixed use		83,270		5.25	%	155,961		1.04	%	71.98	%
All other types1		200,121		12.62	%	473,952		8.00	%	94.97	%
Total		$	1,586,232	100.00	%	$	3,182,946	1.04	%	94.97	%
Total2												Total2	$	2,394,674	100.00	%	$	4,685,333

1Types of collateral in the “all other types” category are those that individually make up less than 5.00% of the commercial real estate ~~concentration~~concentration.

2Minimum LTV and include hospitality properties, auto dealerships, car washes, assisted living communities, country clubs, gas stations/convenience stores, medical offices, special purpose properties, mortuaries, restaurants, and schools.

~~The weighted average~~Maximum LTV ~~of impaired, collateral dependent loans was approximately 86.01% at September 30, 2022 and approximately 70.67% at December 31, 2021.~~not shown for aggregated totals, as such values are meaningful only when presented by specific category.

Over the past several years, we have experienced significant growth in our loan portfolio, although the relative composition of the portfolio has not changed ~~significantly (when PPP loans are excluded).~~significantly. Our primary focus remains commercial real estate lending (including commercial, commercial land and development, and commercial construction), which constitutes ~~89.38%~~90.05% of loans held for investment at September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. Commercial secured lending ~~(consisting primarily of SBA 7(a) loans under $350,000)~~ represents ~~5.54%~~5.23% of loans held for investment at September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. We sell the guaranteed portion of all SBA 7(a) ~~loans, excluding PPP~~ loans in the secondary market and will continue to do so as long as market conditions continue to be favorable.

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We recognize that our commercial real estate loan concentration is significant within our balance sheet. Commercial real estate loan balances as a percentage of risk-based capital were ~~602.74%~~682.70% and ~~577.92%~~680.34% as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. We have established internal concentration limits in the loan portfolio for commercial real estate loans by sector (e.g., manufactured home communities, self-storage, hospitality, etc.). All loan sectors were within our established limits as of September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. Additionally, our loans are geographically concentrated with borrowers and collateral properties primarily in California.

We believe that our past success is attributable to focusing on products and markets where we have significant expertise. Given our concentrations, we have established strong risk management practices, including risk-based lending standards, self-established product and geographical limits, annual evaluations of income property loans, and semi-annual top-down and bottom-up stress testing. We expect to continue growing our loan portfolio. We do not expect our product or geographic concentrations to materially change.

The following table sets forth the contractual maturities of our loan portfolio as of September 30, ~~2022:~~2023:


(dollars in thousands)		Due in 1 year or less		Due after 1 year through 5 years		Due after 5 years through 15 years		Due after 15 years		Total
(in thousands)												(in thousands)	Due in 1 year or less		Due after 1 year through 5 years		Due after 5 years through 15 years		Due after 15 years		Total
Real estate:	Real estate:											Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	32,879	$	221,554	$	1,901,186	$	64,648	$	2,220,267	Commercial	$	47,516	$	229,286	$	2,257,419	$	65,395	$	2,599,616
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	4,590		5,928		2,958		—		13,476		Commercial land and development	9,916		4,769		797		—		15,482
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	—		35,020		39,977		—		74,997		Commercial construction	20,222		34,856		40,274		—		95,352
Residential construction	Residential construction	—		4,662		928		—		5,590		Residential construction	8,310		5,612		—		—		13,922
Residential	Residential	500		6,161		16,521		1,009		24,191		Residential	502		5,952		17,607		967		25,028
Farmland	Farmland	1,922		5,849		46,302		—		54,073		Farmland	1,774		4,697		45,450		—		51,921
Commercial:	Commercial:											Commercial:
Secured	Secured	26,880		30,731		93,387		3,217		154,215		Secured	33,687		42,353		90,146		413		166,599
Unsecured	Unsecured	926		9,132		15,336		—		25,394		Unsecured	688		10,890		12,419		—		23,997
PPP		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer and other	Consumer and other	1,326		8,195		14,213		—		23,734		Consumer and other	1,086		6,365		22,153		—		29,604
Total	Total	$	69,023	$	327,232	$	2,130,808	$	68,874	$	2,595,937	Total	$	123,701	$	344,780	$	2,486,265	$	66,775	$	3,021,521

The following table sets forth the contractual maturities of our loan portfolio as of December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


(dollars in thousands)		Due in 1 year or less		Due after 1 year through 5 years		Due after 5 years through 15 years		Due after 15 years		Total
(in thousands)												(in thousands)	Due in 1 year or less		Due after 1 year through 5 years		Due after 5 years through 15 years		Due after 15 years		Total
Real estate:	Real estate:											Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	32,107	$	170,222	$	1,343,367	$	40,536	$	1,586,232	Commercial	$	19,406	$	227,519	$	2,083,818	$	63,931	$	2,394,674
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	1,209		6,167		—		—		7,376		Commercial land and development	1,611		5,053		813		—		7,477
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	3,418		17,575		32,131		1,090		54,214		Commercial construction	1,957		37,510		49,202		—		88,669
Residential construction	Residential construction	5,609		1,779		—		—		7,388		Residential construction	594		4,783		1,316		—		6,693
Residential	Residential	1,183		8,246		17,871		1,262		28,562		Residential	348		6,635		16,248		999		24,230
Farmland	Farmland	3,876		8,116		42,813		—		54,805		Farmland	992		5,685		45,801		—		52,478
Commercial:	Commercial:											Commercial:
Secured	Secured	31,436		29,880		82,526		3,891		147,733		Secured	36,154		46,814		88,418		3,216		174,602
Unsecured	Unsecured	1,182		3,976		15,978		—		21,136		Unsecured	55		10,347		15,029		—		25,431
PPP		598		21,526		—		—		22,124

Consumer and other	Consumer and other	35		3,619		13,513		—		17,167		Consumer and other	1,321		8,234		19,067		6		28,628
Total	Total	$	80,653	$	271,106	$	1,548,199	$	46,779	$	1,946,737	Total	$	62,438	$	352,580	$	2,319,712	$	68,152	$	2,802,882

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The following table sets forth the sensitivity to interest rate changes of our loan portfolio as of September 30, ~~2022:~~2023:


(dollars in thousands)		Fixed Interest Rates		Floating or Adjustable Rates		Total
(in thousands)								(in thousands)	Fixed Interest Rates		Floating or Adjustable Rates		Total
Real estate:	Real estate:							Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	554,791	$	1,665,476	$	2,220,267	Commercial	$	557,677	$	2,041,939	$	2,599,616
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	1,523		11,953		13,476		Commercial land and development	10,094		5,388		15,482
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	3,022		71,975		74,997		Commercial construction	2,188		93,164		95,352
Residential construction	Residential construction	—		5,590		5,590		Residential construction	3,913		10,009		13,922
Residential	Residential	1,562		22,629		24,191		Residential	1,304		23,724		25,028
Farmland	Farmland	6,327		47,746		54,073		Farmland	6,158		45,763		51,921
Commercial:	Commercial:							Commercial:
Secured	Secured	38,448		115,767		154,215		Secured	39,054		127,545		166,599
Unsecured	Unsecured	20,049		5,345		25,394		Unsecured	16,102		7,895		23,997
PPP		—		—		—

Consumer and other	Consumer and other	23,734		—		23,734		Consumer and other	29,541		63		29,604
Total	Total	$	649,456	$	1,946,481	$	2,595,937	Total	$	666,031	$	2,355,490	$	3,021,521

The following table sets forth the sensitivity to interest rate changes of our loan portfolio as of December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


(dollars in thousands)		Fixed Interest Rates		Floating or Adjustable Rates		Total
(in thousands)								(in thousands)	Fixed Interest Rates		Floating or Adjustable Rates		Total
Real estate:	Real estate:							Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	394,648	$	1,191,584	$	1,586,232	Commercial	$	552,206	$	1,842,468	$	2,394,674
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	722		6,654		7,376		Commercial land and development	1,514		5,963		7,477
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	—		54,214		54,214		Commercial construction	1,405		87,264		88,669
Residential construction	Residential construction	—		7,388		7,388		Residential construction	3,366		3,327		6,693
Residential	Residential	2,222		26,340		28,562		Residential	1,531		22,699		24,230
Farmland	Farmland	4,183		50,622		54,805		Farmland	6,261		46,217		52,478
Commercial:	Commercial:							Commercial:
Secured	Secured	34,771		112,962		147,733		Secured	37,517		137,085		174,602
Unsecured	Unsecured	19,841		1,295		21,136		Unsecured	16,767		8,664		25,431
PPP		22,124		—		22,124

Consumer and other	Consumer and other	17,167		—		17,167		Consumer and other	28,547		81		28,628
Total	Total	$	495,678	$	1,451,059	$	1,946,737	Total	$	649,114	$	2,153,768	$	2,802,882

Asset Quality

We manage the quality of our loans based upon trends at the overall loan portfolio level as well as within each product type. We measure and monitor key factors that include the level and trend of classified, delinquent, non-accrual, and nonperforming assets, collateral coverage, credit scores, and debt service coverage, where applicable. These metrics directly impact our evaluation of the adequacy of our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses.

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Our primary objective is to maintain a high level of asset quality in our loan portfolio. We believe our underwriting practices and policies, established by experienced professionals, appropriately govern the risk profile for our loan portfolio. These policies are continually evaluated and updated as necessary. All loans are assessed and assigned a risk classification at origination based on underlying characteristics of the transaction, such as collateral cash flow, collateral coverage, and borrower strength. We believe that we have a comprehensive methodology to proactively monitor our credit quality after the origination process. Particular emphasis is placed on our commercial portfolio, where risk assessments are reevaluated as a result of reviewing commercial property operating statements and borrower financials. On an ongoing basis, we also monitor payment performance, delinquencies, and tax and property insurance compliance. We design our practices to facilitate the early detection and remediation of problems within our loan portfolio. Assigned risk classifications are an integral part of ~~management's~~management’s assessment of the adequacy of our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. We periodically employ the

use of an independent consulting firm to evaluate our underwriting and risk assessment process. Like other financial institutions, we are subject to the risk that our loan portfolio will be exposed to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions and rising interest rates.

Nonperforming Assets

Our nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and foreclosed real estate, if any. Nonperforming loans consist of non-accrual loans and loans contractually past due by 90 days or more and still accruing. Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as non-accrual loans. Accrual of interest on loans is discontinued either when reasonable doubt exists as to the full and timely collection of interest or principal or when a loan becomes contractually past due by 90 days or more with respect to interest or principal. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all interest previously accrued, but not collected, is reversed against current period interest income. Income on such loans is then recognized only to the extent that cash is received and where the future collection of principal is probable. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest.

~~Troubled Debt Restructurings~~

We consider a loan to be a TDR when we have granted a concession and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under our internal underwriting policy. A TDR loan is generally kept on non-accrual status until, among other criteria, the borrower has paid for six consecutive months with no payment defaults, at which time the TDR may be placed back on accrual status.

~~COVID-19 Deferments~~

The CARES Act, as amended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, specified that COVID-19-related loan modifications executed between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of: (i) 60 days after the date of termination of the national emergency declared by the President; and (ii) January 1, 2022, on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not TDRs. Additionally, under guidance from the federal banking agencies, other short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers that were current prior to any relief are not TDRs under ASC Subtopic 310-40, “Troubled Debt Restructuring by Creditors.” These modifications include short-term modifications (e.g., up to six months) such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or delays in payment that are insignificant. We elected to apply these temporary accounting provisions to loans under payment relief beginning in March 2020. As of September 30, 2022, no borrowing relationships were in a COVID-19 deferment period, and two loans totaling $0.1 million had been in a COVID-19 deferment period in the second quarter of 2022 but were not in such deferment as of September 30, 2022. We accrued and recognized interest income on loans that were under payment relief based on the original contractual interest rates. When payments resumed at the end of the relief period, the payments were generally applied to accrued interest due until accrued interest was fully paid.

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~~SBA 7(a) Payments Made Under the CARES Act~~

Section 1112 of the CARES Act required the SBA to make payments on new and existing 7(a) loans for up to six months. The Consolidated Appropriations Act amended this section of the CARES Act to extend the payment on 7(a) loans in existence on March 27, 2020, beginning on February 1, 2021, for up to eight or eleven months, depending on the borrower’s industry code, and to require the SBA to make up to three months of payments on new 7(a) loans approved between February 1, 2021 and September 30, 2021. These payments are not deferments but rather full payments of principal and interest that the borrower will not be responsible for in the future. In the first nine months of 2022, the SBA made payments under this program on 29 of our SBA 7(a) loans, totaling $0.2 million in principal and interest. As of September 30, 2022, the principal outstanding on loans that received one or more of these payments under the CARES Act was $5.2 million. We do not expect the SBA to make any additional payments on our SBA 7(a) loans under this program.

SBA Loans

During the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company sold 3624 and ~~127~~125 SBA 7(a) loans, respectively, with government guaranteed portions totaling ~~$10.5~~$7.0 million and ~~$36.3~~$30.6 million, respectively. The Company received gross proceeds of ~~$11.1~~$7.4 million and ~~$38.6~~$32.2 million ~~respectively,~~ on the loans sold during the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, resulting in the recognition of net gains on sale of ~~$0.5~~$0.4 million and ~~$2.3~~$1.6 million, respectively, during the ~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company did not sell any PPP loans during 2022.~~same periods.

Non-accrual Loans

The following table provides details of our nonperforming and restructured assets and certain other related information as of the dates presented:

As of
(dollars in thousands) September 30,
2022 December 31, 2021
Non-accrual loans:
Real estate:
Commercial $ 110 $ 122
Residential 175 178
Commercial:
Secured 144 288
Total non-accrual loans 429 588
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing:
Total loans past due and still accruing — —
Total nonperforming loans 429 588
Real estate owned — —
Total nonperforming assets $ 429 $ 588
COVID-19 deferments $ — $ 12,156
Performing TDRs (not included above) $ — $ —
Allowance for loan losses to period end nonperforming loans 6,483.87 % 3,954.30 %
Nonperforming loans to loans held for investment1
0.02 % 0.03 %
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.01 % 0.02 %
Nonperforming loans plus performing TDRs to loans held for investment1
0.02 % 0.03 %
COVID-19 deferments to loans held for investment1
— % 0.63 %

1~~Loans held for investment are equivalent to total loans outstanding at period end.~~

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	As of
(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Non-accrual loans:
Real estate:
Commercial	$	1,923		$	106



Residential	—			175

Commercial:
Secured	79			123



Total non-accrual loans	2,002			404

Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing:












Total loans past due and still accruing	—			—
Total nonperforming loans	2,002			404

Real estate owned	—			—
Total nonperforming assets	$	2,002		$	404

Performing LMs (not included above)	$	—		$	—

Allowance for credit losses to period end nonperforming loans	1,699.35		%	7,026.98		%
Nonperforming loans to loans held for investment	0.07		%	0.01		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.06		%	0.01		%
Nonperforming loans plus performing LMs to loans held for investment	0.07		%	0.01		%

The ratio of nonperforming loans to loans held for investment ~~decreased~~was 0.07% at September 30, 2023, increasing from ~~0.03% as of~~0.01% at December 31, ~~2021 to 0.02%~~2022, as a result of ~~September 30, 2022, primarily due to~~financial challenges experienced by a ~~decrease in nonperforming commercial secured loans.~~small subset of our borrowers.

The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans increased from 3,954.30% as of December 31, 2021 to 6,483.87% as of September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the allowance for loan losses from December 31, 2021 to September 30, 2022 related to increased reserves based on loan growth and economic conditions during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, combined with a decrease in commercial secured non-accrual loans from December 31, 2021 to September 30, 2022.

Potential Problem Loans

We utilize a risk grading system for our loans to aid us in evaluating the overall credit quality of our real estate loan portfolio and assessing the adequacy of our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. All loans are grouped into a risk category at the time of origination. Commercial real estate loans over ~~$1.0~~$2.0 million are reevaluated at least annually for proper classification in conjunction with our review of property and borrower financial information. All loans are reevaluated for proper risk grading as new information such as payment patterns, collateral condition, and other relevant information comes to our attention.

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The banking industry defines loans graded substandard or doubtful as “classified” loans. The following table shows our levels of classified loans as of the periods indicated:


(dollars in thousands)		Pass		Watch		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
September 30, 2022
(in thousands)												(in thousands)	Pass		Watch		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
September 30, 2023												September 30, 2023
Real estate:	Real estate:											Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	2,205,251	$	14,906	$	110	$	—	$	2,220,267	Commercial	$	2,571,154	$	26,539	$	1,923	$	—	$	2,599,616
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	13,476		—		—		—		13,476		Commercial land and development	15,482		—		—		—		15,482
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	69,097		5,900		—		—		74,997		Commercial construction	89,453		5,899		—		—		95,352
Residential construction	Residential construction	5,590		—		—		—		5,590		Residential construction	13,922		—		—		—		13,922
Residential	Residential	24,016		—		175		—		24,191		Residential	25,028		—		—		—		25,028
Farmland	Farmland	54,073		—		—		—		54,073		Farmland	51,921		—		—		—		51,921
Commercial:	Commercial:											Commercial:
Secured	Secured	141,830		1,226		144		—		143,200		Secured	156,074		1,120		79		—		157,273
Unsecured	Unsecured	25,394		—		—		—		25,394		Unsecured	23,997		—		—		—		23,997
PPP		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer		23,707		—		27		—		23,734
Consumer and other												Consumer and other	29,568		15		21		—		29,604
Total	Total	$	2,562,434	$	22,032	$	456	$	—	$	2,584,922	Total	$	2,976,599	$	33,573	$	2,023	$	—	$	3,012,195

December 31, 2021
December 31, 2022												December 31, 2022
Real estate:	Real estate:											Real estate:
Commercial	Commercial	$	1,575,006	$	1,970	$	9,256	$	—	$	1,586,232	Commercial	$	2,379,766	$	14,802	$	106	$	—	$	2,394,674
Commercial land and development	Commercial land and development	7,376		—		—		—		7,376		Commercial land and development	7,477		—		—		—		7,477
Commercial construction	Commercial construction	48,288		5,926		—		—		54,214		Commercial construction	82,769		5,900		—		—		88,669
Residential construction	Residential construction	7,388		—		—		—		7,388		Residential construction	6,693		—		—		—		6,693
Residential	Residential	28,384		—		178		—		28,562		Residential	24,055		—		175		—		24,230
Farmland	Farmland	54,805		—		—		—		54,805		Farmland	52,478		—		—		—		52,478
Commercial:	Commercial:											Commercial:
Secured	Secured	135,131		751		1,180		—		137,062		Secured	163,879		1,184		123		—		165,186
Unsecured	Unsecured	21,136		—		—		—		21,136		Unsecured	25,431		—		—		—		25,431
PPP		22,124		—		—		—		22,124
Consumer		17,167		—		—		—		17,167
Consumer and other												Consumer and other	28,602		—		26		—		28,628
Total	Total	$	1,916,805	$	8,647	$	10,614	$	—	$	1,936,066	Total	$	2,771,150	$	21,886	$	430	$	—	$	2,793,466

Loans designated as watch and substandard, which are not considered adversely classified, increased to ~~$22.5~~$35.6 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$19.3~~$22.3 million at December 31, 2021. Loans designated as watch increased while loans designated substandard decreased period-over-period due to a payoff of commercial real estate loans designated as substandard, resulting in a decrease in the reserve overall since substandard loan designations are less favorable than watch designations, and therefore result in more significant reserves.2022. There were no loans with doubtful risk grades at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 or December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Allowance for ~~Loan~~Credit Losses - Loans

The allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses - loans is established through a provision for ~~loan~~credit losses charged to operations. ~~Loans~~Provisions are charged against the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses - loans when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries of previously charged-off amounts, if any, are credited to the allowance for ~~loan losses.~~credit losses - loans.

The allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses - loans is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based on management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

At September 30, 2023, the Company’s allowance for credit losses - loans was $34.0 million, as compared to $28.4 million at December 31, 2022. The $5.6 million increase in the allowance is due to a $5.3 million adjustment recorded in connection with the adoption of ASC 326 and a $2.9 million provision for credit losses recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, partially offset by net charge-offs of $2.5 million during the same period.

While the entire allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses - loans is available to absorb losses from any and all loans, the following table represents management’s allocation of our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses by loan category, and the percentage of the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses in each category, for the periods indicated.

At September 30, 2022, the Company’s allowance for loan losses was $27.8 million, as compared to $23.2 million at December 31, 2021. The $4.6 million increase is due to a $5.5 million provision for loan losses recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, partially offset by net charge-offs of $0.9 million during the same period.


	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total
Real estate:
Commercial	$	27,901	82.00	%	$	19,216	67.69	%
Commercial land and development	198		0.58	%	54		0.19	%
Commercial construction	1,220		3.59	%	645		2.27	%
Residential construction	115		0.34	%	49		0.17	%
Residential	151		0.44	%	175		0.62	%
Farmland	393		1.15	%	644		2.27	%
Commercial:
Secured	3,461		10.17	%	7,098		25.00	%
Unsecured	213		0.63	%	116		0.41	%
Consumer and other	376		1.10	%	347		1.22	%
Unallocated	—		—	%	45		0.16	%
Total allowance for credit losses	$	34,028	100.00	%	$	28,389	100.00	%

The ~~following table is a summary~~ratio of the allowance for ~~loan losses by loan class as of the periods indicated:~~

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
(dollars in thousands) Dollars % of Total Dollars % of Total
Collectively evaluated for impairment:
Real estate:
Commercial $ 18,309 65.76 % $ 12,869 55.37 %
Commercial land and development 98 0.35 % 50 0.22 %
Commercial construction 546 1.96 % 371 1.60 %
Residential construction 41 0.15 % 50 0.22 %
Residential 175 0.63 % 192 0.83 %
Farmland 664 2.39 % 645 2.78 %
Commercial:
Secured 6,217 22.33 % 6,687 28.77 %
Unsecured 278 1.00 % 207 0.89 %
Consumer and other 536 1.93 % 889 3.82 %
Unallocated 829 2.98 % 1,111 4.78 %
27,693 99.48 % 23,071 99.28 %
Individually evaluated for impairment 145 0.52 % 172 0.72 %
Total allowance for loan losses $ 27,838 100.00 % $ 23,243 100.00 %

~~The ratio of allowance for loan~~credit losses to total loans held for investment was ~~1.08%~~1.13% at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as compared to ~~1.20%~~1.02% at December 31, 2021. Excluding PPP loans, the ratios of the allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment were 1.08% and 1.22% at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. See the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Non-accrual loans totaled $0.4 million, or 0.02% of total loans held for investment, at September 30, 2022, decreasing from $0.6 million, or 0.03% of total loans held for investment, at December 31, 2021.2022.

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The following table provides information on the activity within the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses - loans as of and for the periods indicated:

As of and for the three months ended
September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands) Activity % of
Average Loans Held for Investment Activity % of
Average Loans Held for Investment
Average loans held for investment $ 2,483,451 $ 1,622,800
Allowance for loan losses (beginning of period) $ 25,786 $ 22,153

Net (charge-offs) recoveries:
Real estate:
Commercial — — % — — %
Commercial land and development — — % — — %
Commercial construction — — % — — %
Residential construction — — % — — %
Residential — — % — — %
Farmland — — % — — %
Commercial:
Secured (278) (0.01) % (263) (0.02) %
Unsecured (2) — % — — %
PPP 21 — % — — %
Consumer and other 61 — % (42) — %
Net charge-offs (198) (0.01) % (305) (0.02) %

Provision for loan losses 2,250 —

Allowance for loan losses (end of period) $ 27,838 $ 21,848
Loans held for investment $ 2,582,978 $ 1,704,716
Allowance for loan losses to loans held for investment 1.08 % 1.28 %


	As of and for the three months ended
	September 30, 2023					September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Activity			% of Average Loans Held for Investment		Activity			% of Average Loans Held for Investment
Average loans held for investment	$	2,973,842				$	2,483,451

Allowance for credit losses - loans	$	33,984				$	25,786


Net (charge-offs) recoveries:







Commercial:
Secured	(1,026)			(0.03)	%	(278)			(0.01)	%
Unsecured	—			—	%	(2)			—	%
PPP	—			—	%	21			—	%
Consumer and other	20			—	%	61			—	%
Net charge-offs	(1,006)			(0.03)	%	(198)			(0.01)	%

Provision for credit losses	1,050					2,250

Allowance for credit losses - loans	$	34,028				$	27,838

Loans held for investment	$	3,009,930				$	2,582,978
Allowance for credit losses - loans to loans held for investment	1.13		%			1.08		%

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As of and for the nine months ended
September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands) Activity % of
Average Loans Held for Investment Activity % of
Average Loans Held for Investment
Average loans held for investment $ 2,225,609 $ 1,574,393
Allowance for loan losses (beginning of period) $ 23,243 $ 22,189

Net (charge-offs) recoveries:
Real estate:
Commercial — — % — — %
Commercial land and development — — % — — %
Commercial construction — — % — — %
Residential construction — — % — — %
Residential — — % — — %
Farmland — — % — — %
Commercial:
Secured (776) (0.03) % (568) (0.04) %
Unsecured (2) — % — — %
PPP — — % — — %
Consumer and other (77) — % 27 — %
Net charge-offs (855) (0.04) % (541) (0.03) %

Provision for loan losses 5,450 200

Allowance for loan losses (end of period) $ 27,838 $ 21,848
Loans held for investment $ 2,582,978 $ 1,704,716
Allowance for loan losses to loans held for investment 1.08 % 1.28 %


	As of and for the nine months ended
	September 30, 2023					September 30, 2022
(In thousands)	Activity			% of Average Loans Held for Investment		Activity			% of Average Loans Held for Investment
Average loans held for investment	$	2,901,893				$	2,225,609

Allowance for credit losses - loans	$	28,389				$	23,243
Effect of adoption of ASC 326	5,262					—

Net (charge-offs) recoveries:







Commercial:
Secured	(2,498)			(0.09)	%	(776)			(0.03)	%
Unsecured	—			—	%	(2)			—	%

Consumer and other	5			—	%	(77)			—	%
Net charge-offs	(2,493)			(0.09)	%	(855)			(0.04)	%

Provision for credit losses	2,870					5,450

Allowance for credit losses - loans	$	34,028				$	27,838

Loans held for investment	$	3,009,930				$	2,582,978
Allowance for credit losses - loans to loans held for investment	1.13		%			1.08		%

The allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses - loans to loans held for investment ~~decreased~~increased from ~~1.28% as of September 30, 2021 to~~ 1.08% as of September 30, ~~2022. The decrease was primarily due~~2022 to ~~a 51.52% increase in loans held for investment period-over-period, while the allowance for loan losses increased by only 27.42% period-over-period. Increases in the allowance for loan losses~~1.13% as ~~a result~~ of ~~overall loan growth were partially offset by a reduction in reserves related to loans designated as watch and substandard between~~ September 30, ~~2021 and September 30, 2022.~~

Net charge-offs as a percent of average loans held for investment decreased from 0.02% to 0.01% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2022, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by the net charge-off rate related to the commercial secured portfolio, which decreased from 0.02% to 0.01% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2022, respectively.

2023. Net charge-offs as a percent of average loans held for investment increased from 0.01% to 0.03% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2023, respectively. Net charge-offs as a percent of average loans held for investment increased from 0.04% to ~~0.04%~~0.09% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively. The increase was primarily driven by net charge-offs related to the consumer and other portfolio, which increased by $0.1 million from a net recovery for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to a net charge-off for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

Liabilities

During the first nine months of ~~2022,~~2023, total liabilities increased by ~~$513.6~~$256.7 million from ~~$2.3~~$3.0 billion as of December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~$2.8~~$3.2 billion as of September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. This increase was primarily due to an increase in total deposits of ~~$328.4~~$250.2 million, comprised of ~~increases~~an increase of ~~$118.5 million in non-interest-bearing deposits and $209.9~~$385.5 million in interest-bearing deposits, ~~as well as increases~~partially offset by a decrease of $135.3 million in ~~subordinated notes outstanding of $73.6 million and FHLB advances of $105.0 million.~~non-interest-bearing deposits.

Deposits

Representing ~~92.21%~~93.85% of our total liabilities as of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, deposits are our primary source of funding for our business operations.

Total deposits increased by ~~$328.4~~$250.2 million, or ~~14.37%~~8.99%, to ~~$2.6~~$3.0 billion at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$2.3~~$2.8 billion at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Deposit increases were primarily attributable to an increase in the number of new relationships, as well as normal fluctuations in some of our larger accounts. Non-interest-bearing deposits ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$118.5~~$135.3 million from December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~$1.0 billion and represented 39.04%~~$833.4 million at September 30, 2023, representing 27.49% of total deposits at ~~September 30, 2022,~~that date, as compared to ~~39.46%~~34.82% of total deposits at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Our loan to deposit ratio was ~~99.22%~~99.57% at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, as compared to ~~85.09%~~100.67% at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. We intend to continue to operate our business with aclose monitoring of the loan to deposit ~~ratio within the range of these levels.~~ratio.

The following tables summarize our deposit composition by average ~~deposits~~deposit balances and average rates paid for the periods indicated:


		For the three months ended													For the three months ended
		September 30, 2022						September 30, 2021							September 30, 2023						September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	(dollars in thousands)	Average Amount		Average Rate Paid		% of Total Deposits		Average Amount		Average Rate Paid		% of Total Deposits		(dollars in thousands)	Average Amount		Average Rate Paid		% of Total Deposits		Average Amount		Average Rate Paid		% of Total Deposits
Interest-bearing transaction accounts	Interest-bearing transaction accounts	$	213,926	0.21	%	8.28	%	$	149,479	0.10	%	7.12	%	Interest-bearing transaction accounts	$	296,230	1.30	%	9.93	%	$	213,926	0.21	%	8.28	%
Money market and savings accounts	Money market and savings accounts	1,118,840		0.65	%	43.32	%	1,043,298		0.16	%	49.67	%	Money market and savings accounts	1,463,210		2.83	%	49.03	%	1,118,840		0.65	%	43.32	%
Time accounts	Time accounts	208,678		1.63	%	8.08	%	54,314		0.25	%	2.59	%	Time accounts	399,514		4.96	%	13.39	%	208,678		1.63	%	8.08	%
Demand accounts	Demand accounts	1,041,222		—	%	40.32	%	853,017		—	%	40.62	%	Demand accounts	825,254		—	%	27.65	%	1,041,222		—	%	40.32	%
Total deposits	Total deposits	$	2,582,666	0.43	%	100.00	%	$	2,100,108	0.09	%	100.00	%	Total deposits	$	2,984,208	2.18	%	100.00	%	$	2,582,666	0.43	%	100.00	%


		For the nine months ended													For the nine months ended
		September 30, 2022						September 30, 2021							September 30, 2023						September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)		Average Amount		Average Rate Paid		% of Total Deposits		Average Amount		Average Rate Paid		% of Total Deposits
(In thousands)														(In thousands)	Average Amount		Average Rate Paid		% of Total Deposits		Average Amount		Average Rate Paid		% of Total Deposits
Interest-bearing transaction accounts	Interest-bearing transaction accounts	$	248,540	0.14	%	10.07	%	$	151,611	0.10	%	7.56	%	Interest-bearing transaction accounts	$	320,013	0.93	%	11.01	%	$	248,540	0.14	%	10.07	%
Money market and savings accounts	Money market and savings accounts	1,069,944		0.37	%	43.37	%	999,239		0.20	%	49.82	%	Money market and savings accounts	1,378,517		2.45	%	47.41	%	1,069,945		0.37	%	43.37	%
Time accounts	Time accounts	170,912		0.92	%	6.93	%	45,772		0.39	%	2.28	%	Time accounts	357,433		4.57	%	12.29	%	170,912		0.92	%	6.93	%
Demand accounts	Demand accounts	977,894		—	%	39.63	%	809,216		—	%	40.34	%	Demand accounts	851,608		—	%	29.29	%	977,894		—	%	39.63	%
Total deposits	Total deposits	$	2,467,290	0.24	%	100.00	%	$	2,005,838	0.12	%	100.00	%	Total deposits	$	2,907,571	1.83	%	100.00	%	$	2,467,291	0.24	%	100.00	%

Uninsured and uncollateralized deposits totaled ~~$1.3~~$1.0 billion and $1.2 billion at ~~both~~ September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

2022, respectively.

As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, our 3642 largest deposit relationships, each accounting for more than $10.0 million, totaled ~~$1.3~~$1.6 billion, or ~~48.40%~~51.37% of our total deposits. The average age on deposit relationships of more than $5.0 million was approximately 9 years. As of December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, our 2640 largest deposit relationships, each accounting for more than $10.0 million, totaled ~~$912.7 million,~~$1.5 billion, or ~~39.93%~~52.15% of our total deposits. Overall, our large deposit relationships have been relatively consistent over time and have helped to continue to grow our deposit base. Our large deposit relationships are comprised of the following entity types as of the periods indicated:


(dollars in thousands)		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
(in thousands)						(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Municipalities	Municipalities	$	504,032	$	424,483	Municipalities	$	589,305	$	601,968
Non-profits	Non-profits	191,118		181,080		Non-profits	220,527		195,996
Businesses	Businesses	570,127		307,132		Businesses	672,848		527,921
Brokered deposits						Brokered deposits	74,994		124,993
Total	Total	$	1,265,277	$	912,695	Total	$	1,557,674	$	1,450,878

Our largest single deposit relationship at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 related to a government agency. The balances for this customer were ~~$200.2~~$250.0 million, or ~~7.66%~~approximately 8.24% of total deposits as of that date. At December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, our largest single deposit relationship related to a ~~non-profit association that supports hospitals and health systems~~government agency and had balances of ~~$155.0~~$180.0 million, or ~~6.78%~~6.47% of total deposits atas of that date.

The following table sets forth the maturity of time deposits as of September 30, ~~2022:~~2023:


(dollars in thousands)		$250,000 or Greater		Less than $250,000		Total		Uninsured Portion
(in thousands)										(in thousands)	$250,000 or Greater		Less than $250,000		Total		Uninsured Portion
Remaining maturity:	Remaining maturity:									Remaining maturity:
Three months or less	Three months or less	$	122,685	$	7,361	$	130,046	$	121,185	Three months or less	$	140,711	$	77,993	$	218,704	$	136,960
Over three through six months	Over three through six months	81,624		3,050		84,674		80,374		Over three through six months	132,099		1,256		133,355		128,349
Over six through twelve months	Over six through twelve months	10,172		6,633		16,805		7,172		Over six through twelve months	36,354		16,589		52,943		33,604
Over twelve months	Over twelve months	2,702		1,341		4,043		1,203		Over twelve months	21,749		773		22,522		19,999
Total	Total	$	217,183	$	18,385	$	235,568	$	209,934	Total	$	330,913	$	96,611	$	427,524	$	318,912

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings

From time to time, we utilize short-term collateralized FHLB borrowings to maintain adequate liquidity. There were borrowings of ~~$105.0~~$90.0 million and $100.0 million outstanding as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~no borrowings outstanding as of~~ December 31, ~~2021.~~2022, respectively.

In ~~2017, 2019, and~~ 2022, we issued subordinated notes of ~~$25.0 million, $3.8 million, and~~ $75.0 ~~million, respectively.~~million. This debt was issued to investors in private placement transactions. See Note 8,6, Long Term Debt and Other Borrowings, in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding these subordinated notes. The proceeds of the notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for the Company under the regulatory capital rules of the federal banking agencies. The following table is a summary of our outstanding subordinated notes as of September 30, ~~2022:~~2023:

(dollars in thousands) Issuance Date Amount of Notes Prepayment Right Maturity Date
Subordinated notes September 2017 $ 25,000 September 28, 2022 September 15, 2027
Fixed at 6.00% through September 15, 2022, then three-month London Inter-bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus 404.4 basis points (7.49% as of September 30, 2022) through maturity
Subordinated notes November 2019 $ 3,750 September 30, 2022 September 15, 2027
Fixed at 5.50% through September 15, 2022, then three-month LIBOR plus 354.4 basis points (6.99% as of September 30, 2022) through maturity
Subordinated notes August 2022 $ 75,000 August 17, 2027 September 1, 2032
Fixed at 6.00% through September 1, 2027, then three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 329.0 basis points (6.74% as of September 30, 2022) through maturity

(in thousands)

Issuance Date

Amount of Notes

Prepayment Right

Maturity Date

Subordinated notes

August 2022

75,000

August 17, 2027

September 1, 2032

Fixed at 6.00% through September 1, 2027, then three-month Term SOFR plus 329.0 basis points (8.70% as of September 30, 2023) through maturity

Shareholders’ Equity

Shareholders’ equity totaled ~~$239.3~~$274.0 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~$235.0~~$252.8 million at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The increase in shareholders’ equity was primarily attributable to net income recognized of ~~$31.5~~$36.9 million, partially offset byby: (i) a ~~net decline~~$2.5 million increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss; (ii) a decrease of ~~$15.5~~$4.5 million in ~~other comprehensive income~~retained earnings, net of tax effect, relating to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2023; and ~~$12.7~~(iii) $9.5 million in cash ~~distributions~~dividends paid during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity Management

We manage liquidity based upon factors that include the level of diversification of our funding sources, the composition of our deposit types, the availability of unused funding sources, our off-balance sheet obligations, the amount of cash and liquid securities we hold, and the availability of assets to be readily converted into cash without undue loss. As the primary federal regulator of the Bank, the FDIC evaluates ~~the~~our liquidity ~~of the Bank~~ on a stand-alone basis pursuant to applicable guidance and policies.

Liquidity refers to our capacity to meet our cash obligations at a reasonable cost. Our cash obligations require us to have cash flow that is adequate to fund loan growth and maintain on-balance sheet liquidity while meeting present and future obligations of deposit withdrawals, borrowing maturities, and other contractual cash obligations. In managing our cash flows, management regularly confronts situations that can give rise to increased liquidity risk. These include funding mismatches, market constraints in accessing sources of funds, and the ability to convert assets into cash. Changes in economic conditions or exposure to borrower credit ~~market,~~quality, capital markets, and operational, legal, or reputational risks could also affect the Bank’s liquidity risk profile and are considered in the assessment of liquidity management.

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The Company is a corporation separate and apart from the Bank and, therefore, must provide for its own liquidity, including liquidity required to meet its debt service requirements on its subordinated debt. The Company’s main source of cash flow is dividends declared and paid to it by the Bank. There are statutory and regulatory limitations that affect the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company, including various legal and regulatory provisions that limit the amount of dividends the Bank can pay to the Company without regulatory approval. Under the California Financial Code, payment of a dividend from the Bank to the Company without advance regulatory approval is restricted to the lesser of the Bank’s retained earnings or the amount of the Bank’s net income from the previous three fiscal years less the amount of dividends paid during that period. We believe that these limitations will not impact our ability to meet our ongoing short-term cash obligations. For contingency purposes, the Company maintains a minimum level of cash to fund one year’s projected operating cash flow needs plus two years’ subordinated notes debt service. We continually monitor our liquidity position in order to meet all reasonably foreseeable short-term, long-term, and strategic liquidity demands. Management has established a comprehensive process for identifying, measuring, monitoring, and controlling liquidity risk. Because of its critical importance to the viability of the Bank, liquidity risk management is fully integrated into our risk management processes. Critical elements of our liquidity risk management include effective corporate governance, consisting of oversight by the board of directors and active involvement by management; appropriate strategies, policies, procedures, and limits used to manage and mitigate liquidity risk; comprehensive liquidity risk measurement and monitoring systems, including stress tests, that are commensurate with the complexity of our business activities; active management of intraday liquidity and collateral; an appropriately diverse mix of existing and potential future funding sources; adequate levels of highly liquid marketable securities free of legal, regulatory, or operational impediments that can be used to meet liquidity needs in stress situations; comprehensive contingency funding plans that sufficiently address potential adverse liquidity events and emergency cash flow requirements; and internal controls and internal audit processes sufficient to determine the adequacy of the Bank’s liquidity risk management process.

Our liquidity position is supported by management of our liquid assets and liabilities and access to alternative sources of funds. Our liquidity requirements are met primarily through our deposits, FHLB advances, and the principal and interest payments we receive on loans and investment securities. Cash on hand, cash at third-party banks, investments available-for-sale, and maturing or prepaying balances in our investment and loan portfolios are our most liquid assets. Other sources of liquidity that are routinely available to us include funds from retail and wholesale deposits, advances from the FHLB, and proceeds from the sale of loans. Less commonly used sources of funding include borrowings from the Federal Reserve ~~Bank of San Francisco discount window,~~Discount Window, draws on established federal funds lines from unaffiliated commercial banks, and the issuance of debt or equity securities. We believe we have ample liquidity resources to fund future growth and meet other cash needs as necessary.

In addition, we have a shelf registration statement on file with the SEC registering $250.0 million for any combination of equity or debt securities, depository shares, warrants, purchase contracts, purchase units, subscription rights, and units in one or more offerings. Specific information on the terms of and the securities being offered will be provided at the time of the offering. Proceeds from any future offerings are expected to be used for corporate purposes or other purposes to be disclosed at the time of the offering.

Sources and Uses of Cash

Our executive officers and board of directors review our sources and potential uses of cash in connection with our annual budgeting process. Generally speaking, our principal funding source is cash from ~~gathering of~~ deposits, and our principal uses of cash include funding of loans, operating expenses, income taxes, and dividend payments, as described below. ~~In 2021, we also had significant cash inflows as a result of our IPO.~~As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, management believes the above-mentioned sources will provide adequate liquidity during the next twelve months for the Bank to meet its operating needs.

~~IPO~~

On May 7, 2021, we completed our IPO at a price of $20.00 per share. We raised approximately $111.2 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $8.5 million and certain estimated offering expenses payable by us of approximately of $1.3 million. The net proceeds, less $2.1 million in other related expenses, including audit fees, legal fees, listing fees, and other expenses, totaled $109.1 million.

Loans

Loans are a significant use of cash in daily operations, and a source of cash as customers make payments on their loans or as loans are sold to other financial institutions. Cash flows from loans are affected by the timing and amount of customer payments and prepayments, changes in interest rates, the general economic environment, competition, and the political environment.

During the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had cash outflows of ~~$639.0~~$212.1 million in loan originations and advances, net of principal collected, and ~~$45.0~~$39.9 million in loans originated for sale.

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Additionally, we enter into commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business, such as commitments to fund new loans and undisbursed construction funds. While these commitments represent contractual cash requirements, a portion of these commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, total off-balance sheet commitments totaled ~~$298.3~~$401.9 million. We expect to fund these commitments to the extent utilized primarily through the repayment of existing loans, deposit growth, and liquid assets.

Deposits

Deposits are our primary source of funding for our business operations, and the cost of deposits has a significant impact on our net interest income and net interest margin.

Our deposits are primarily made up of money market, interest checking, time, and non-interest-bearing demand deposits. Aside from commercial and business clients, a significant portion of our deposits are from municipalities and non-profit organizations. Cash flows from deposits are impacted by the timing and amount of customer deposits, changes in market rates, and collateral availability.

During the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had ~~significant~~ cash inflows related to an increase in deposits of ~~$328.4~~$250.2 million, primarily as a result of an increase in the number of new relationships and fluctuations in existing accounts.

~~Over~~During the ~~next~~ twelve months following September 30, 2023, approximately ~~$231.5~~$405.0 million of time deposits are expected to mature. ~~As these time deposits mature, some of these~~These deposits may not renew due to ~~the competition in the Bank’s marketplace.~~general competition. However, based on our historical runoff experience, we expect the outflow will not be significant and can be replenished through our organic growth in deposits. We believe our emphasis on local deposits, ~~combined with~~our recent San Francisco Bay area expansion, and our liquid investment portfolio ~~provides~~provide a stable funding base.

At September 30, 2023, cash and cash equivalents represented 10.67% of total deposits.

Investment Securities

Our investment securities totaled ~~$117.8~~$107.2 million at September 30, ~~2022. At September 30, 2022, 51.95% and 30.07% of our investment portfolio consisted of mortgage-backed~~2023. Mortgage-backed securities and obligations of states and political subdivisions comprised 50.81% and 33.91% of our investment portfolio, respectively. Cash proceeds from mortgage-backed securities result from payments of principal and interest by borrowers. Cash proceeds from obligations of states and political subdivisions occur when these securities are called or mature. Assuming the current prepayment speed and interest rate environment, we expect to receive approximately ~~$2.3~~$7.3 million from our securities ~~for~~over the ~~remainder of 2022.~~twelve months following September 30, 2023. In future periods, we expect to maintain approximately the same level of cash flows from our securities. Depending on market yield and our liquidity, we may purchase securities as a use of cash in our interest-earning asset portfolio.

During the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had cash proceeds from sales, maturities, calls, and prepayments of securities of ~~$14.7 million, offset by cash outflows of $1.6 million related to investment securities purchased.~~$8.1 million. Additionally, at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, securities available-for-sale totaled ~~$114.0~~$104.1 million, of which ~~$20.1~~$103.2 million ~~have~~has been pledged as collateral for borrowings and other commitments.

~~Future Contractual Obligations~~

Our estimated future obligations as of September 30, 2022 include both current and long-term obligations. Under our operating leases as discussed in Note 7, Leases, in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we have a current obligation of $0.3 million and a long-term obligation of $4.5 million. We also have a current obligation of $130.0 million and a long-term obligation of $105.5 million related to time deposits, as discussed in Note 6, Interest-Bearing Deposits, in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We have subordinated notes of $102.0 million, of which approximately $75.0 million are long-term obligations. Finally, we have one significant contract for core processing services. While the actual obligation is unknown and dependent on certain factors, including volume and activity, when using our 2021 average monthly expense extrapolated over the remaining life of the contract, we estimate that our current obligation under this contract is $0.8 million and our long-term obligation is zero until the contract is renewed.

FHLB Financing

The Bank is a shareholder of the FHLB, which enables the Bank to have access to lower-cost FHLB financing when necessary. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Bank had outstanding borrowings of ~~$105.0~~$90.0 million and a total financing availability of ~~$243.5~~$292.1 million, net of letters of credit issued of ~~$596.5~~$671.5 million.

Federal Reserve Discount Window and Correspondent Bank Lines of Credit

At September 30, 2023, unused and available amounts for borrowing from the Federal Reserve Discount Window and correspondent bank lines of credit were $69.0 million and $175.0 million, respectively.

7762

~~Table~~

Total Liquidity

Total liquidity (consisting of ~~Contents~~cash and cash equivalents and unused and immediately available borrowing capacity as set forth below) was approximately $859.7 million as of September 30, 2023.


	September 30, 2023						Available
(in thousands)	Line of Credit		Letters of Credit Issued		Borrowings
FHLB advances	$	1,053,625	$	671,500	$	90,000	$	292,125
Federal Reserve Discount Window	69,012		—		—		69,012
Correspondent bank lines of credit	175,000		—		—		175,000

Cash and cash equivalents	—		—		—		323,548
Total	$	1,297,637	$	671,500	$	90,000	$	859,685

Future Contractual Obligations

Our estimated future contractual obligations as of September 30, 2023 include both current and long-term obligations. Under our operating leases, we have an operating lease liability of $5.0 million. We have a current obligation of $405.0 million and a long-term obligation of $22.5 million related to time deposits, as discussed in Note 5, Interest-Bearing Deposits. We have net subordinated notes of $73.7 million, all of which are long-term obligations. We also have contractual obligations on unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit totaling $401.9 million.

Dividends

~~A use of liquidity for the Company is shareholder dividends.~~ The Company paid dividends to its shareholders totaling ~~$2.6~~$3.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022, and $12.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, including a cash distribution in the amount of $4.9 million paid on March 17, 2022 to shareholders of record as of May 3, 2021, for the Company's final accumulated adjustments account payout, which is described in further detail in the Company’s Proxy Statement filed with the SEC and mailed to shareholders on April 6, 2022.

2023.

We expect to continue our current practice of paying quarterly cash dividends with respect to our common stock, subject to our board of directors’ discretion to modify or terminate this practice at any time and for any reason without prior notice. We believe our quarterly dividend rate per share, as approved by our board of directors, enables us to balance our multiple objectives of managing our business and returning a portion of our earnings to our shareholders. Assuming continued payment during ~~2022~~the rest of 2023 at a rate of ~~$0.15~~$0.20 per share, ~~which is the rate of each of our last four quarterly dividend payments,~~ our average total dividend paid each quarter would be approximately ~~$2.6~~$3.5 million based on the number of ~~current~~currently outstanding shares if there are no increases or decreases in the number of shares, and given that unvested RSAs share equally in dividends with outstanding common stock.

Impact of Inflation

Our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased cost of operations. Unlike ~~most~~ industrial companies, nearly all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a greater impact on our performance than do the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the price of goods or services.

Historical Information

The following table summarizes our consolidated cash flow activities:


		Nine months ended September 30,							Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)		2022		2021		$ Change
(in thousands)								(in thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	27,506	$	24,689	$	2,817	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	40,547	$	27,506	$	13,041
Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	(629,441)		(230,627)		(398,814)		Net cash used in investing activities	(207,705)		(629,441)		421,736
Net cash provided by financing activities	Net cash provided by financing activities	494,275		446,277		47,998		Net cash provided by financing activities	230,715		494,275		(263,560)

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities increased by ~~$2.8~~$13.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to increases in loans originated for sale and deferred taxes, partially offset by increases in proceeds from sale of loans and the provision for loan losses. Various other, less material items made up the remainder of the change.2022. Cash provided by operating activities is subject to variability period-over-period as a result of timing differences, including with respect to the collection of receivables and payments of interest expense, accounts payable, and bonuses.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$398.8~~$421.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, primarily due to ~~an increase in~~decreased loan ~~originations, net of repayments, and a decrease in proceeds from the sale of securities available-for-sale, partially offset by a decrease in purchases of securities available-for-sale.~~

origination growth.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$48.0~~$263.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, primarily ~~from a $56.0 million increase in total deposits, $75.0 million in subordinated note issuance,~~due to decreased deposit growth and ~~FHLB advances of $105.0 million. These increases were partially offset by the~~

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

~~proceeds received from the issuance of stock during our IPO that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, but did not recur during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.~~lower borrowings.

Capital Adequacy

We manage our capital by tracking our level and quality of capital with consideration given to our overall financial condition, our asset quality, our level of allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, our geographic and industry concentrations, and other risk factors on our balance sheet, including interest rate sensitivity.

Bancorp and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements as set forth in the following tables can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Historically, as a bank holding company with less than $3.0 billion in total consolidated assets and that met certain other criteria, we had been operating under the Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement, which provides an exemption from the ~~Board of Governors of the~~ Federal ~~Reserve System’s~~Reserve’s generally applicable risk-based capital ratio and leverage ratio requirements. Having passed this threshold as of September 30, 2022, we ~~will~~are no longer be subject to this policy statement ~~going forward, assuming we continue~~and our capital adequacy is evaluated relative to ~~have total~~the Federal Reserve’s generally applicable capital requirements. Additionally, as of June 30, 2023, the Company’s consolidated assets of at least $3.0 billion. Nevertheless, as detailed in the table below, Bancorp meets or exceeds the regulatory capital ratio requirements of a "well-capitalized" bank holding company under the Basel III framework. However, Bancorp was notwere in excess of $3.0 billion, and as ~~of June 30, 2022,~~a consequence, beginning in March 2024, the Company will no longer prepare and ~~so accordingly prepared and filed~~file financial reports with the Federal Reserve as a small bank holding ~~company. Currently, the Federal Reserve assesses Bancorp's~~company and will be subject to capital ~~position based on those reports.~~ ratio requirements for bank holding companies.

Under federal regulations implementing the Basel III framework, the Bank is subject to minimum risk-based and leverage capital requirements. The Bank also is subject to regulatory thresholds that must be met for an insured depository institution to be classified as “well-capitalized” under the prompt corrective action framework. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items, as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts for Bancorp and the Bank, and the Bank’s prompt corrective action classification, are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, risk weightings, and other factors. As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, both Bancorp and the Bank were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, and the Bank qualified as “well-capitalized” under the prompt corrective action framework.

Management reviews capital ratios on a regular basis to ensure that capital exceeds the prescribed regulatory minimums and is adequate to meet our anticipated future needs. For all periods presented, the Bank’s ratios exceed the regulatory definition of “well-capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, and Bancorp’s ratios exceed the minimum ratios that would be required for it to be considered a well-capitalized bank holding company.

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

The capital adequacy ratios as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 for Bancorp and the Bank are presented in the following tables. As of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, Bancorp’s Tier 2 capital included subordinated debt, which was not included at the Bank level. Eligible amounts of subordinated debt included in Tier 2 capital will be phased out by 20% per year beginning five years before the maturity date of the notes.


Capital Ratios for Bancorp	Capital Ratios for Bancorp	Actual Ratio				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes1				Ratio to be Well- Capitalized under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions		Capital Ratios for Bancorp	Actual Ratio				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes1				Ratio to be Well-Capitalized under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(dollars in thousands)	(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount	Ratio	(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount	Ratio
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2023												September 30, 2023
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	383,040	13.94	%	$	219,822	≥ 8.00	%	N/A	N/A	Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	397,021	12.37	%	$	254,093	8.00	%	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	253,049	9.21	%	$	164,853	≥ 6.00	%	N/A	N/A	Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	291,081	9.07	%	$	192,556	6.00	%	N/A	N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	253,049	9.21	%	$	123,640	≥ 4.50	%	N/A	N/A	Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	291,081	9.07	%	$	144,417	4.50	%	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 leverage	Tier 1 leverage	$	253,049	8.66	%	$	116,882	≥ 4.00	%	N/A	N/A	Tier 1 leverage	$	291,081	8.58	%	$	135,702	4.00	%	N/A	N/A
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2022												December 31, 2022
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	285,128	13.98	%	$	163,177	≥ 8.00	%	N/A	N/A	Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	366,113	12.46	%	$	235,065	8.00	%	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	233,397	11.44	%	$	122,382	≥ 6.00	%	N/A	N/A	Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	263,993	8.99	%	$	176,191	6.00	%	N/A	N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	233,397	11.44	%	$	91,787	≥ 4.50	%	N/A	N/A	Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	263,993	8.99	%	$	132,144	4.50	%	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 leverage	Tier 1 leverage	$	233,397	9.47	%	$	98,600	≥ 4.00	%	N/A	N/A	Tier 1 leverage	$	263,993	8.60	%	$	122,788	4.00	%	N/A	N/A


Capital Ratios for the Bank	Capital Ratios for the Bank	Actual Ratio				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes				Ratio to be Well- Capitalized under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions				Capital Ratios for the Bank	Actual Ratio				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes				Ratio to be Well-Capitalized under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(dollars in thousands)	(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2023														September 30, 2023
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	343,468	12.51	%	$	219,644	≥ 8.00	%	$	274,555	≥ 10.00	%	Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	383,511	11.97	%	$	256,314	8.00	%	$	320,393	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	315,505	11.49	%	$	164,755	≥ 6.00	%	$	219,673	≥ 8.00	%	Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	351,283	10.96	%	$	192,308	6.00	%	$	256,411	8.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	315,505	11.49	%	$	123,566	≥ 4.50	%	$	178,484	≥ 6.50	%	Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	351,283	10.96	%	$	144,231	4.50	%	$	208,334	6.50	%
Tier 1 leverage	Tier 1 leverage	$	315,505	10.80	%	$	116,854	≥ 4.00	%	$	146,067	≥ 5.00	%	Tier 1 leverage	$	351,283	10.37	%	$	135,500	4.00	%	$	169,375	5.00	%
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2022														December 31, 2022
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	279,152	13.69	%	$	163,078	≥ 8.00	%	$	203,848	≥ 10.00	%	Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	356,301	12.14	%	$	234,795	8.00	%	$	293,494	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	255,807	12.55	%	$	122,309	≥ 6.00	%	$	163,078	≥ 8.00	%	Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	327,788	11.17	%	$	176,072	6.00	%	$	234,763	8.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	255,807	12.55	%	$	91,731	≥ 4.50	%	$	132,501	≥ 6.50	%	Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	327,788	11.17	%	$	132,054	4.50	%	$	190,745	6.50	%
Tier 1 leverage	Tier 1 leverage	$	255,807	10.38	%	$	98,555	≥ 4.00	%	$	123,193	≥ 5.00	%	Tier 1 leverage	$	327,788	10.69	%	$	122,652	4.00	%	$	153,315	5.00	%

1Bancorp has previously operated under the Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement and therefore has not been subject to Basel III capital adequacy requirements. This table illustrates that Bancorp meets or exceeds these capital adequacy requirements. The listed capital adequacy ratios exclude capital ~~conversion~~conservation buffers.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Some of the financial measures discussed herein are non-GAAP financial measures. In accordance with SEC rules, we classify a financial measure as being a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes

amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, that are included or excluded,

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in our consolidated statements of income, balance sheets, statements of shareholders’ equity, or statements of cash flows.

Tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets is defined as total equity less goodwill and other intangible assets, divided by total assets less goodwill and other intangible assets. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is total shareholders’ equity to total assets. We had no goodwill or other intangible assets at the end of any period indicated. As a result, tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets is the same as total shareholders’ equity to total assets at the end of each of the periods indicated.

~~Allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment, excluding PPP loans,~~Tangible book value per share is defined as ~~allowance for loan losses,~~total shareholders’ equity less goodwill and other intangible assets, divided by ~~total loans held for investment less PPP loans.~~the outstanding number of common shares at the end of the period. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is ~~allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment.~~

~~Average loans held for investment and sale, excluding PPP loans,~~book value per share. We had no goodwill or other intangible assets at the end of any period indicated. As a result, tangible book value per share is ~~defined~~the same as book value per share at the ~~daily average loans held for investment and sale, excluding~~end of each of the ~~daily average PPP loans, and includes both performing and nonperforming loans. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is average loans held for investment and sale.~~

Average loan yield, excluding PPP loans, is defined as the daily average loan yield, excluding PPP loans, and includes both performing and nonperforming loans. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is average loan yield. periods indicated.

We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to management and investors that is supplementary to our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows computed in accordance with GAAP. However, we acknowledge that our non-GAAP financial measures have a number of limitations. As such, you should not view these disclosures as a substitute for results determined in accordance with GAAP, and they are not necessarily comparable to non-GAAP financial measures that other banking companies use. Other banking companies may use names similar to those we use for the non-GAAP financial measures we disclose, but may calculate them differently. You should understand how we and other companies each calculate our non-GAAP financial measures when making comparisons.

The following reconciliation tables provide a more detailed analysis of these non-GAAP financial measures, along with their most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

Allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment, excluding PPP loans
(dollars in thousands) September 30,
2022 December 31,
2021
Allowance for loan losses (numerator) $ 27,838 $ 23,243
Total loans held for investment 2,582,978 1,934,460
Less: PPP loans — 22,124
Total loans held for investment, excluding PPP loans (denominator) $ 2,582,978 $ 1,912,336
Allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment, excluding PPP loans 1.08 % 1.22 %

For the three months ended For the nine months ended
Average loans held for investment and sale, excluding PPP loans
(dollars in thousands) September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021
Average loans held for investment and sale $ 2,494,468 $ 1,625,995 $ 2,234,958 $ 1,577,177
Less: average PPP loans — 89,436 3,072 141,101
Average loans held for investment and sale, excluding PPP loans $ 2,494,468 $ 1,536,559 $ 2,231,886 $ 1,436,076

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

For the three months ended For the nine months ended
Average loan yield, excluding PPP loans
(dollars in thousands) September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021
Interest and fee income on loans $ 29,787 $ 20,086 $ 76,719 $ 57,325
Less: interest and fee income on PPP loans — 2,054 394 6,225
Interest and fee income on loans, excluding PPP loans 29,787 18,032 76,325 51,100
Annualized interest and fee income on loans, excluding PPP loans (numerator) $ 118,177 $ 71,540 $ 102,046 $ 68,321

Average loans held for investment and sale $ 2,494,468 $ 1,625,995 $ 2,234,958 $ 1,577,177
Less: average PPP loans — 89,436 3,072 141,101
Average loans held for investment and sale, excluding PPP loans (denominator) $ 2,494,468 $ 1,536,559 $ 2,231,886 $ 1,436,076
Average loan yield, excluding PPP loans 4.74 % 4.66 % 4.57 % 4.76 %

Recent Legislative and Regulatory Developments

Potential Regulatory Reform in Response to Recent Bank Failures

~~On October 18, 2022,~~The failures of Silicon Valley Bank (Santa Clara, California), Signature Bank (New York, New York), and First Republic Bank (San Francisco, California) in March and May, 2023, may lead to regulatory changes and initiatives that could impact the FDIC adopted a final rule to increase initial base deposit insurance assessment rates for insured depository institutions by two basis points, beginning with the first quarterly assessment period of 2023. The increased assessment rate schedules will remain in effect unless and until the reserve ratio of the Deposit Insurance Fund meets or exceeds two percent. As a result of the new rule, the FDIC insurance costs of insured depository institutions, including the Bank, will generally increase.

~~On May 5, 2022,~~Company. For example, President Biden has encouraged the federal banking agencies to adopt various reforms, including the completion of an incentive compensation rule for bank executives pursuant to Section 956 of the Dodd-Frank Act, in response to these bank failures. On April 28, 2023, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC issued reports on the failures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank, respectively, identifying potential causes that the federal banking agencies may seek to address through changes to their supervisory and regulatory policies. Additionally, agency officials, including the Vice Chair for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, have called for changes to the manner in which banks’ capital, interest rate, and liquidity risks are supervised and regulated. The extent of final actions to be taken by the regulatory agencies in response to these bank failures, including the potential changes discussed by the Vice Chair or highlighted in the Federal Reserve and FDIC reports, remains unclear.

Bank Term Funding Program

The Federal Reserve created the Bank Term Funding Program (the “BTFP”) in response to recent concerns over liquidity in the banking sector. This program provides funding to eligible depository institutions to help ensure that banks can meet the needs of all depositors. The BTFP offers one-year loans to banks pledging any collateral eligible for purchase by the Federal Reserve Banks in open market operations, such as U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. agency securities, and U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities. At September 30, 2023, the Company had neither used nor established borrowing capacity with the BTFP.

Small Business Lending Data Collection Rule

On March 30, 2023, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) finalized a rule under Section 1071 of the Dodd-Frank Act requiring lenders to collect and report data regarding small business lending activity. The Company is evaluating the impact of the new rule.

The rule took effect on August 29, 2023, and requires compliance by October 1, 2024, April 1, 2025, or January 1, 2026, depending on the number of covered small business loans that a covered lender originates. In October 2023, the U.S.

District Court for the Southern District of Texas issued a ~~proposed~~nationwide preliminary injunction enjoining the CFPB from enforcing and implementing the rule.

Third Party Risk Management Guidance

On June 6, 2023, the FDIC, the Federal Reserve, and the OCC issued final guidance providing sound principles that support a risk-based approach to third-party risk management. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on its practices.

Community Reinvestment Act Reform

On October 24, 2023, the Agencies released a final rule revising the framework that ~~would substantially revise how they~~the Agencies use to evaluate ~~an insured depository institution’s record~~banks’ records of ~~satisfying the credit needs of its entire~~ community ~~including low- and moderate-income individuals and neighborhoods,~~reinvestment under the Community Reinvestment ~~Act. Management~~Act (the “CRA”). Under the revised framework, banks with assets of at least $2 billion, such as the Bank, are considered large banks and will have their retail lending, retail services and products, community development financing, and community development services subject to periodic evaluation. Depending on a large bank’s geographic distribution of lending, the evaluation of retail lending may include assessment areas in which the bank extends loans but does not operate any deposit-taking facilities, in addition to assessment areas in which the bank has deposit-taking facilities. The rule becomes effective April 1, 2024. Most provisions of the final rule will apply beginning January 1, 2026, and the remaining provisions will apply beginning January 1, 2027. The Company is evaluating the ~~potential~~ impact of the ~~proposed rule on~~final rule.

Glossary of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Terms

The terms identified below are used in various sections of this Form 10-Q, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 2 and the ~~Bank.~~unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K

Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022

FNMA

Federal National Mortgage Association

ACL

Allowance for Credit Losses

Federal Reserve

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

ASC

Accounting Standards Codification

GAAP

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S.

ASU

Accounting Standards Update

GNMA

Government National Mortgage Association

AFS

Available-for-Sale

GSE

Government Sponsored Entity

Bancorp

Five Star Bancorp and its subsidiary

ICS

Insured Cash Sweep®

Bank

Five Star Bank

IPO

Initial Public Offering

Basel III

A capital framework and rules for U.S. banking organizations

Loan modification made to borrower experiencing financial difficulty

BOLI

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

Net Income

BTFP

Bank Term Funding Program

NIM

Net Interest Margin

CDARS

Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service®

OCC

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

CECL

Current Expected Credit Loss model for recognition of credit losses under ASC 326

OCI

Other Comprehensive Income

CFPB

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

PPP

Paycheck Protection Program

CRA

Community Reinvestment Act

RSA

Restricted Stock Award

CME

Chicago Mercantile Exchange

ROAA

Return on Average Assets, annualized

CRE

Commercial Real Estate

ROAE

Return on Average Equity, annualized

C&I

Commercial & Industrial

ROUA

Right-of-Use Asset

EPS

Earnings per Share

SBA

U.S. Small Business Administration

FASB

Financial Accounting Standards Board

SEC

Securities and Exchange Commission

FDIC

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

SOFR

Secured Overnight Financing Rate

FHLB

Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco

TDR

Troubled Debt Restructuring

FHLMC

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable for a smaller reporting company.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

~~Changes~~On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326. As a result, the Company made changes to and incorporated new policies, processes, and controls over the estimation of the allowance for credit losses. There were changes implemented to account for the additional complexity of the credit loss models, review of economic forecasts, and other assumptions used in ~~Internal Control over Financial Reporting~~

~~There was no change~~the estimation process. These changes were not undertaken in ~~our~~response to any identified deficiency in the Company’s internal control over financial ~~reporting (as such term is defined~~reporting. There have been no other changes in ~~Rule 13a-15(f) under~~ the ~~Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, such controls.~~Company’s internal control.

8269

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are a party to various litigation matters incidental to the conduct of our business. We do not believe that any currently pending legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under Item 1A of the Company’s 2022 Annual ~~report~~Report on Form 10-K and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the ~~year~~three months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021,~~2023 and June 30, 2023, previously filed with the SEC.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a)Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

(b)Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

(c)Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. Other Information

None.

8370

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

ITEM 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report or hereby incorporated by references to filings previously made with the SEC.

Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date Herewith
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Five Star Bancorp
10-Q 001-40379 3.1 June 17, 2021
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Five Star Bancorp
10-Q 001-40379 3.2 August 11, 2022
4.1
Form of Common Stock Certificate of Five Star Bancorp
S-1 333-255143 4.1 April 26, 2021
4.2
Form of 6.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Note due 2032 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 10.1 hereto)
8-K 001-40379 4.1 August 17, 2022
10.1
Form of Subordinated Note Purchase Agreement for 6.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes Due 2032
8-K 001-40379 10.1 August 17, 2022
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Filed
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Filed
32.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Filed
32.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Filed
101 Inline XBRL Interactive Data Filed
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document in Exhibit 101) Filed

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit Number

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Herewith

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed

32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed

32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed

101

Inline XBRL Interactive Data

Filed

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document in Exhibit 101)

Filed

8471

~~Table of~~ ~~Contents~~

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


									Five Star Bancorp
									(registrant)

			November ~~14, 2022~~8, 2023						/s/ James E. Beckwith
			Date						James E. Beckwith
									President &
									Chief Executive Officer
									(Principal Executive Officer)

			November ~~14, 2022~~8, 2023						/s/ Heather C. Luck
			Date						Heather C. Luck
									Senior Vice President &
									Chief Financial Officer
									(Principal Financial Officer)

8572


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
(in thousands, except share and per share data)	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Net income	$	11,704	$	11,026	$	31,519	$	31,132
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding	17,140,435		17,095,957		17,123,016		14,256,993
Add: Dilutive effects of assumed vesting of restricted stock	28,012		27,225		37,794		15,538
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	17,168,447		17,123,182		17,160,810		14,272,531
Earnings per common share:
Basic EPS	$	0.68	$	0.64	$	1.84	$	2.18
Diluted EPS	$	0.68	$	0.64	$	1.84	$	2.18


	Three months ended September 30,
	2022				2021
(in thousands)	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized			Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate:
Commercial	$	112	$	—		$	128	$	—
Residential	175		—			180		—
Commercial:
Secured	—		—			119		—
Consumer and other	12		—			—		—
	299		—			427		—

With an allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Secured	148		—			137		—
	148		—			137		—

Total by category:
Real estate:
Commercial	112		—			128		—
Residential	175		—			180		—
Commercial:
Secured	148		—			256		—
Consumer and other	12		—			—		—
Total impaired loans	$	447	$	—		$	564	$	—


	Ending allowance balance allocated to:						Ending balance of:
	Loans individually evaluated for impairment		Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		Total loans		Loans individually evaluated for impairment		Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		Total loans
Real estate:
Commercial	$	—	$	18,309	$	18,309	$	110	$	2,220,157	$	2,220,267
Commercial land and development	—		98		98		—		13,476		13,476
Commercial construction	—		546		546		—		74,997		74,997
Residential construction	—		41		41		—		5,590		5,590
Residential	—		175		175		175		24,016		24,191
Farmland	—		664		664		—		54,073		54,073
Commercial:
Secured	145		6,217		6,362		145		143,055		143,200
Unsecured	—		278		278		—		25,394		25,394
PPP	—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer and other	—		536		536		11		23,723		23,734
Unallocated	—		829		829		—		—		—
Total	$	145	$	27,693	$	27,838	$	441	$	2,584,481	$	2,584,922


	For the three months ended				For the nine months ended
Average loans held for investment and sale, excluding PPP loans (dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Average loans held for investment and sale	$	2,494,468	$	1,625,995	$	2,234,958	$	1,577,177
Less: average PPP loans	—		89,436		3,072		141,101
Average loans held for investment and sale, excluding PPP loans	$	2,494,468	$	1,536,559	$	2,231,886	$	1,436,076


	For the three months ended						For the nine months ended
Average loan yield, excluding PPP loans (dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021			September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
Interest and fee income on loans	$	29,787		$	20,086		$	76,719		$	57,325
Less: interest and fee income on PPP loans	—			2,054			394			6,225
Interest and fee income on loans, excluding PPP loans	29,787			18,032			76,325			51,100
Annualized interest and fee income on loans, excluding PPP loans (numerator)	$	118,177		$	71,540		$	102,046		$	68,321

Average loans held for investment and sale	$	2,494,468		$	1,625,995		$	2,234,958		$	1,577,177
Less: average PPP loans	—			89,436			3,072			141,101
Average loans held for investment and sale, excluding PPP loans (denominator)	$	2,494,468		$	1,536,559		$	2,231,886		$	1,436,076
Average loan yield, excluding PPP loans	4.74		%	4.66		%	4.57		%	4.76		%