Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended
March 31,September 30, 2023
Or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 001-32410
CElogo.jpg
CELANESE CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware98-0420726
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

222 W. Las Colinas Blvd., Suite 900N
Irving, TX 75039-5421
(Address of Principal Executive Offices and zip code)

(972) 443-4000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s) Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per shareCEThe New York Stock Exchange
1.125% Senior Notes due 2023CE /23The New York Stock Exchange
1.250% Senior Notes due 2025CE /25The New York Stock Exchange
4.777% Senior Notes due 2026CE /26AThe New York Stock Exchange
2.125% Senior Notes due 2027CE /27The New York Stock Exchange
0.625% Senior Notes due 2028CE /28The New York Stock Exchange
5.337% Senior Notes due 2029CE /29AThe New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes   No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes   No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  þ Accelerated filer   Non-accelerated filer   Smaller reporting company  ☐ Emerging growth company  ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No 
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant's Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, as of May 5,November 3, 2023 was 108,787,807.108,855,167.


Table of Contents
CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31,September 30, 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
2

Table of Contents

Item 1. Financial Statements
CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
202320222023202220232022
(In $ millions, except share and per share data)(In $ millions, except share and per share data)
Net salesNet sales2,853 2,538 Net sales2,723 2,301 8,371 7,325 
Cost of salesCost of sales(2,222)(1,793)Cost of sales(2,050)(1,755)(6,381)(5,329)
Gross profitGross profit631 745 Gross profit673 546 1,990 1,996 
Selling, general and administrative expensesSelling, general and administrative expenses(285)(174)Selling, general and administrative expenses(244)(184)(803)(555)
Amortization of intangible assetsAmortization of intangible assets(41)(11)Amortization of intangible assets(41)(10)(124)(32)
Research and development expensesResearch and development expenses(42)(24)Research and development expenses(32)(25)(114)(75)
Other (charges) gains, netOther (charges) gains, net(23)(1)Other (charges) gains, net(17)(15)(50)(15)
Foreign exchange gain (loss), netForeign exchange gain (loss), net(1)Foreign exchange gain (loss), net— (2)21 (4)
Gain (loss) on disposition of businesses and assets, netGain (loss) on disposition of businesses and assets, net(3)Gain (loss) on disposition of businesses and assets, net503 (2)508 
Operating profit (loss)Operating profit (loss)251 531 Operating profit (loss)842 308 1,428 1,322 
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliatesEquity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates15 56 Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates12 73 50 189 
Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) incomeNon-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income24 Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income(1)25 (2)74 
Interest expenseInterest expense(182)(35)Interest expense(178)(154)(542)(237)
Refinancing expenseRefinancing expense(7)— (7)— 
Interest incomeInterest incomeInterest income12 34 27 36 
Dividend income - equity investmentsDividend income - equity investments34 37 Dividend income - equity investments30 30 95 103 
Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net(6)Other income (expense), net
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before taxEarnings (loss) from continuing operations before tax121 616 Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before tax714 321 1,051 1,491 
Income tax (provision) benefitIncome tax (provision) benefit(25)(112)Income tax (provision) benefit236 (127)215 (351)
Earnings (loss) from continuing operationsEarnings (loss) from continuing operations96 504 Earnings (loss) from continuing operations950 194 1,266 1,140 
Earnings (loss) from operation of discontinued operationsEarnings (loss) from operation of discontinued operations(3)— Earnings (loss) from operation of discontinued operations(1)— (4)(8)
Income tax (provision) benefit from discontinued operationsIncome tax (provision) benefit from discontinued operations— — Income tax (provision) benefit from discontinued operations— (1)
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operationsEarnings (loss) from discontinued operations(3)— Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations(1)(1)(3)(7)
Net earnings (loss)Net earnings (loss)93 504 Net earnings (loss)949 193 1,263 1,133 
Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(2)(2)Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(2)(1)(6)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese CorporationNet earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation91 502 Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation951 191 1,262 1,127 
Amounts attributable to Celanese CorporationAmounts attributable to Celanese Corporation  Amounts attributable to Celanese Corporation    
Earnings (loss) from continuing operationsEarnings (loss) from continuing operations94 502 Earnings (loss) from continuing operations952 192 1,265 1,134 
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operationsEarnings (loss) from discontinued operations(3)— Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations(1)(1)(3)(7)
Net earnings (loss)Net earnings (loss)91 502 Net earnings (loss)951 191 1,262 1,127 
Earnings (loss) per common share - basicEarnings (loss) per common share - basic  Earnings (loss) per common share - basic    
Continuing operationsContinuing operations0.87 4.64 Continuing operations8.74 1.77 11.63 10.47 
Discontinued operationsDiscontinued operations(0.03)— Discontinued operations(0.01)(0.01)(0.03)(0.07)
Net earnings (loss) - basicNet earnings (loss) - basic0.84 4.64 Net earnings (loss) - basic8.73 1.76 11.60 10.40 
Earnings (loss) per common share - dilutedEarnings (loss) per common share - diluted  Earnings (loss) per common share - diluted    
Continuing operationsContinuing operations0.86 4.61 Continuing operations8.70 1.76 11.57 10.39 
Discontinued operationsDiscontinued operations(0.03)— Discontinued operations(0.01)(0.01)(0.03)(0.07)
Net earnings (loss) - dilutedNet earnings (loss) - diluted0.83 4.61 Net earnings (loss) - diluted8.69 1.75 11.54 10.32 
Weighted average shares - basicWeighted average shares - basic108,634,068 108,185,912 Weighted average shares - basic108,918,986 108,428,982 108,814,288 108,336,574 
Weighted average shares - dilutedWeighted average shares - diluted109,188,266 108,917,577 Weighted average shares - diluted109,439,486 109,065,970 109,338,040 109,158,832 

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
202320222023202220232022
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Net earnings (loss)Net earnings (loss)93 504 Net earnings (loss)949 193 1,263 1,133 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxOther comprehensive income (loss), net of taxOther comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)Foreign currency translation gain (loss)13 (21)Foreign currency translation gain (loss)(49)(181)(201)
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedges15 
Gain (loss) on derivative hedgesGain (loss) on derivative hedges(17)(11)(13)30 
Pension and postretirement benefitsPension and postretirement benefits(1)Pension and postretirement benefits(1)— (1)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxTotal other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax16 (4)Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(11)(60)(195)(169)
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of taxTotal comprehensive income (loss), net of tax109 500 Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax938 133 1,068 964 
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interestsComprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(2)(2)Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(2)(1)(6)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Celanese CorporationComprehensive income (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation107 498 Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation940 131 1,067 958 

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
As of
September 30,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions, except share data)(In $ millions, except share data)
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Current AssetsCurrent Assets  Current Assets  
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents1,167 1,508 Cash and cash equivalents1,357 1,508 
Trade receivables - third party and affiliatesTrade receivables - third party and affiliates1,606 1,379 Trade receivables - third party and affiliates1,339 1,379 
Non-trade receivables, netNon-trade receivables, net707 675 Non-trade receivables, net570 675 
InventoriesInventories2,749 2,808 Inventories2,337 2,808 
Other assetsOther assets219 241 Other assets284 241 
Total current assetsTotal current assets6,448 6,611 Total current assets5,887 6,611 
Investments in affiliatesInvestments in affiliates1,049 1,062 Investments in affiliates1,245 1,062 
Property, plant and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation - 2023: $3,791; 2022: $3,687)5,588 5,584 
Property, plant and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation - 2023: $3,881; 2022: $3,687)Property, plant and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation - 2023: $3,881; 2022: $3,687)5,467 5,584 
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets414 413 Operating lease right-of-use assets395 413 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes813 808 Deferred income taxes1,074 808 
Other assetsOther assets553 547 Other assets535 547 
GoodwillGoodwill7,139 7,142 Goodwill6,991 7,142 
Intangible assets, netIntangible assets, net4,086 4,105 Intangible assets, net3,944 4,105 
Total assetsTotal assets26,090 26,272 Total assets25,538 26,272 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITYLIABILITIES AND EQUITYLIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current LiabilitiesCurrent Liabilities  Current Liabilities  
Short-term borrowings and current installments of long-term debt - third party and affiliatesShort-term borrowings and current installments of long-term debt - third party and affiliates1,386 1,306 Short-term borrowings and current installments of long-term debt - third party and affiliates1,408 1,306 
Trade payables - third party and affiliatesTrade payables - third party and affiliates1,445 1,518 Trade payables - third party and affiliates1,263 1,518 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities1,014 1,201 Other liabilities927 1,201 
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable43 Income taxes payable18 43 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities3,851 4,068 Total current liabilities3,616 4,068 
Long-term debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costsLong-term debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs13,396 13,373 Long-term debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs12,291 13,373 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes1,223 1,242 Deferred income taxes1,223 1,242 
Uncertain tax positionsUncertain tax positions295 322 Uncertain tax positions276 322 
Benefit obligationsBenefit obligations411 411 Benefit obligations396 411 
Operating lease liabilitiesOperating lease liabilities359 364 Operating lease liabilities334 364 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities425 387 Other liabilities453 387 
Commitments and ContingenciesCommitments and ContingenciesCommitments and Contingencies
Shareholders' EquityShareholders' Equity  Shareholders' Equity  
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized (2023 and 2022: 0 issued and outstanding)Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized (2023 and 2022: 0 issued and outstanding)— — Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized (2023 and 2022: 0 issued and outstanding)— — 
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized (2023: 170,448,231 issued and 108,786,738 outstanding; 2022: 170,135,425 issued and 108,473,932 outstanding)— — 
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized (2023: 170,465,439 issued and 108,854,038 outstanding; 2022: 170,135,425 issued and 108,473,932 outstanding)Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized (2023: 170,465,439 issued and 108,854,038 outstanding; 2022: 170,135,425 issued and 108,473,932 outstanding)— — 
Treasury stock, at cost (2023: 61,661,493 shares; 2022: 61,661,493 shares)(5,491)(5,491)
Treasury stock, at cost (2023: 61,611,401 shares; 2022: 61,661,493 shares)Treasury stock, at cost (2023: 61,611,401 shares; 2022: 61,661,493 shares)(5,490)(5,491)
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital365 372 Additional paid-in capital386 372 
Retained earningsRetained earnings11,289 11,274 Retained earnings12,308 11,274 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), netAccumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net(502)(518)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net(713)(518)
Total Celanese Corporation shareholders' equityTotal Celanese Corporation shareholders' equity5,661 5,637 Total Celanese Corporation shareholders' equity6,491 5,637 
Noncontrolling interestsNoncontrolling interests469 468 Noncontrolling interests458 468 
Total equityTotal equity6,130 6,105 Total equity6,949 6,105 
Total liabilities and equityTotal liabilities and equity26,090 26,272 Total liabilities and equity25,538 26,272 

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
(In $ millions, except share data)(In $ millions, except share data)
Common StockCommon StockCommon Stock
Balance as of the beginning of the periodBalance as of the beginning of the period108,473,932 — 108,023,735 — Balance as of the beginning of the period108,847,435 — 108,346,035 — 
Stock awardsStock awards312,806 — 283,606 — Stock awards6,603 — 40,704 — 
Balance as of the end of the periodBalance as of the end of the period108,786,738 — 108,307,341 — Balance as of the end of the period108,854,038 — 108,386,739 — 
Treasury StockTreasury StockTreasury Stock
Balance as of the beginning of the periodBalance as of the beginning of the period61,661,493 (5,491)61,736,289 (5,492)Balance as of the beginning of the period61,611,401 (5,490)61,704,046 (5,492)
Purchases of treasury stock, including related fees— — — — 
Issuance of treasury stock under stock plansIssuance of treasury stock under stock plans— — — — 
Balance as of the end of the periodBalance as of the end of the period61,661,493 (5,491)61,736,289 (5,492)Balance as of the end of the period61,611,401 (5,490)61,704,046 (5,492)
Additional Paid-In CapitalAdditional Paid-In CapitalAdditional Paid-In Capital
Balance as of the beginning of the periodBalance as of the beginning of the period372 333 Balance as of the beginning of the period383 344 
Stock-based compensation, net of taxStock-based compensation, net of tax(7)(7)Stock-based compensation, net of tax12 
Balance as of the end of the periodBalance as of the end of the period365 326 Balance as of the end of the period386 356 
Retained EarningsRetained EarningsRetained Earnings
Balance as of the beginning of the periodBalance as of the beginning of the period11,274 9,677 Balance as of the beginning of the period11,433 10,466 
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese CorporationNet earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation91 502 Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation951 191 
Common stock dividendsCommon stock dividends(76)(73)Common stock dividends(76)(73)
Balance as of the end of the periodBalance as of the end of the period11,289 10,106 Balance as of the end of the period12,308 10,584 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), NetAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), NetAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net
Balance as of the beginning of the periodBalance as of the beginning of the period(518)(329)Balance as of the beginning of the period(702)(438)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxOther comprehensive income (loss), net of tax16 (4)Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(11)(60)
Balance as of the end of the periodBalance as of the end of the period(502)(333)Balance as of the end of the period(713)(498)
Total Celanese Corporation shareholders' equityTotal Celanese Corporation shareholders' equity5,661 4,607 Total Celanese Corporation shareholders' equity6,491 4,950 
Noncontrolling InterestsNoncontrolling InterestsNoncontrolling Interests
Balance as of the beginning of the periodBalance as of the beginning of the period468 348 Balance as of the beginning of the period464 345 
Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(2)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests(1)— 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests— (4)
Distributions/dividends to noncontrolling interestsDistributions/dividends to noncontrolling interests(4)(3)
Balance as of the end of the periodBalance as of the end of the period469 346 Balance as of the end of the period458 344 
Total equityTotal equity6,130 4,953 Total equity6,949 5,294 

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSEQUITY
Three Months Ended
March 31,
20232022
(In $ millions)
Operating Activities
Net earnings (loss)93 504 
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Depreciation, amortization and accretion178 106 
Pension and postretirement net periodic benefit cost(21)
Pension and postretirement contributions(12)(12)
Deferred income taxes, net
(Gain) loss on disposition of businesses and assets, net(6)
Stock-based compensation14 15 
Undistributed earnings in unconsolidated affiliates25 (30)
Other, net(1)
Operating cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations(4)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Trade receivables - third party and affiliates, net(216)(240)
Inventories45 (32)
Other assets99 — 
Trade payables - third party and affiliates(22)49 
Other liabilities(298)(29)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities(96)316 
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures on property, plant and equipment(164)(137)
Proceeds from sale of businesses and assets, net— 
Other, net(23)(12)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(178)(149)
Financing Activities
Net change in short-term borrowings with maturities of 3 months or less(300)74 
Proceeds from short-term borrowings338 — 
Repayments of long-term debt(7)(7)
Purchases of treasury stock, including related fees— (17)
Common stock dividends(76)(73)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(1)(4)
Issuance cost of bridge facility— (44)
Other, net(23)(24)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(69)(95)
Exchange rate effects on cash and cash equivalents(3)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(341)69 
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of period1,508 536 
Cash and cash equivalents as of end of period1,167 605 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022
SharesAmountSharesAmount
(In $ millions, except share data)
Common Stock
Balance as of the beginning of the period108,473,932 — 108,023,735 — 
Stock awards380,106 — 363,004 — 
Balance as of the end of the period108,854,038 — 108,386,739 — 
Treasury Stock
Balance as of the beginning of the period61,661,493 (5,491)61,736,289 (5,492)
Issuance of treasury stock under stock plans(50,092)(32,243)— 
Balance as of the end of the period61,611,401 (5,490)61,704,046 (5,492)
Additional Paid-In Capital
Balance as of the beginning of the period372 333 
Stock-based compensation, net of tax14 23 
Balance as of the end of the period386 356 
Retained Earnings
Balance as of the beginning of the period11,274 9,677 
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation1,262 1,127 
Common stock dividends(228)(220)
Balance as of the end of the period12,308 10,584 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net
Balance as of the beginning of the period(518)(329)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(195)(169)
Balance as of the end of the period(713)(498)
Total Celanese Corporation shareholders' equity6,491 4,950 
Noncontrolling Interests
Balance as of the beginning of the period468 348 
Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
Distributions/dividends to noncontrolling interests(11)(10)
Balance as of the end of the period458 344 
Total equity6,949 5,294 

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20232022
(In $ millions)
Operating Activities
Net earnings (loss)1,263 1,133 
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Asset impairments12 
Depreciation, amortization and accretion544 318 
Pension and postretirement net periodic benefit cost10 (63)
Pension and postretirement contributions(37)(34)
Deferred income taxes, net(282)14 
(Gain) loss on disposition of businesses and assets, net(498)(6)
Stock-based compensation36 47 
Undistributed earnings in unconsolidated affiliates20 (56)
Other, net
Operating cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations(5)(25)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Trade receivables - third party and affiliates, net(16)(61)
Inventories373 (321)
Other assets219 26 
Trade payables - third party and affiliates(171)97 
Other liabilities(398)189 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities1,069 1,278 
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures on property, plant and equipment(440)(400)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired52 (14)
Proceeds from sale of businesses and assets, net480 16 
Other, net(58)(30)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities34 (428)
Financing Activities
Net change in short-term borrowings with maturities of 3 months or less(278)(249)
Proceeds from short-term borrowings452 — 
Repayments of short-term borrowings(603)— 
Proceeds from long-term debt3,001 9,019 
Repayments of long-term debt(3,497)(21)
Purchases of treasury stock, including related fees— (17)
Common stock dividends(228)(220)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(11)(10)
Issuance cost of bridge facility— (63)
Other, net(52)(93)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(1,216)8,346 
Exchange rate effects on cash and cash equivalents(38)(61)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(151)9,135 
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of period1,508 536 
Cash and cash equivalents as of end of period1,357 9,671 

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Description of the Company and Basis of Presentation
Description of the Company
Celanese Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") is a global chemical and specialty materials company. The Company produces high performance engineered polymers that are used in a variety of high-value applications, as well as acetyl products, which are intermediate chemicals, for nearly all major industries. The Company also engineers and manufactures a wide variety of products essential to everyday living. The Company's broad product portfolio serves a diverse set of end-use applications including automotive, chemical additives, construction, consumer and industrial adhesives, consumer and medical, energy storage, filtration, food and beverage, paints and coatings, paper and packaging, performance industrial and textiles.
Definitions
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report"), the term "Celanese" refers to Celanese Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and not its subsidiaries. The term "Celanese U.S." refers to the Company's subsidiary, Celanese US Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and not its subsidiaries.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022 contained in this Quarterly Report were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for all periods presented and include the accounts of the Company, its majority owned subsidiaries over which the Company exercises control and, when applicable, variable interest entities in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report, unless otherwise specified, have been presented to separately show the effects of discontinued operations.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets and related unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), cash flows and equity include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring items necessary for their fair presentation in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 24, 2023 with the SEC as part of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Operating results for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements relative to a number of topics, including acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures, supply agreements, product sales and other arrangements. The Company endeavors to describe those contracts or agreements that are material to its business, results of operations or financial position. The Company may also describe some arrangements that are not material but in which the Company believes investors may have an interest or which may have been included in a Form 8-K filing. Investors should not assume the Company has described all contracts and agreements relative to the Company's business in this Quarterly Report.
For those consolidated ventures in which the Company owns or is exposed to less than 100% of the economics, the outside shareholders' interests are shown as noncontrolling interests.
Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of Net sales, expenses and allocated charges during the reporting period. Significant estimates pertain to impairments of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, purchase price allocations, restructuring costs and other (charges) gains, net, income taxes, pension
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and other postretirement benefits, asset retirement obligations, environmental liabilities and loss contingencies, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
There are no recent Accounting Standard Updates issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board which are expected to materially impact the Company's financial position, operating results or financial disclosures.
3. Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures
Acquisitions
In November 2022, the Company acquired 100% ownership of entities and assets consisting of a majority of the Mobility & Materials business ("M&M") of DuPont de Nemours, Inc. ("DuPont") (the "M&M Acquisition") for a purchase price of $11.0 billion, subject to transaction adjustments, in an all-cash transaction. The Company acquired a global production network of 29 facilities, including compounding and polymerization, customer and supplier contracts and agreements, an intellectual property portfolio, including approximately 850 patents with associated technical and R&D assets, and approximately 5,000 employees across the manufacturing, technical and commercial organizations. This acquisition of M&M enhances the engineered materials product portfolio by adding new polymers, brands, product technology and backward integration in critical polymers, allowing the Company to accelerate growth in high-value applications including future mobility, connectivity and medical. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination and the acquired operations are included in the Engineered Materials segment.
The Company preliminarily allocated the purchase price of the acquisition to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The purchase price allocation was based upon preliminary information and is subject to change if additional information about the facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date becomes available. The Company is in the ongoing process of conducting a valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed related to the acquisition, including trade names and customer relationships, personal and real property investment in equity affiliates and deferred taxes. The final fair value of the net assets acquired may result in adjustments to these assets and liabilities, including goodwill. During the measurement period to date, there were no adjustments that materially impacted the Company's goodwill initially recorded.
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the consolidated results of operations as if the M&M Acquisition had occurred at the beginning of 2022. M&M's pre-acquisition results have been added to the Company's historical results. The pro forma results contained in the table below include adjustments for (i) increased depreciation expense as a result of acquisition date fair value adjustments, (ii) amortization of acquired intangibles, (iii) interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs of $172$57 million and $400 million related to borrowings under the U.SU.S. Term Loan Facility (defined below) and the issuance of Acquisition Notes (defined below) as if these had taken place at the beginning of 2022 for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022, respectively, and (iv) net total inventory step up of inventory amortized to Cost of sales of $98$131 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. There was no net total step up of inventory amortized to Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2022.
These pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations as they would have been had the acquisitions occurred on the assumed dates, nor are they necessarily an indication of future operating results. The unaudited consolidated pro forma results are as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2022
(In $ millions)
Unaudited Consolidated Pro Forma Results
Proforma Net sales
3,427 
Proforma Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before tax
312 
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2022
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2022
(In $ millions)
Proforma Net sales
3,141 9,965 
Proforma Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before tax
163 760 
Nutrinova Joint Venture
On September 27, 2023, the Company formed a food ingredients joint venture with Mitsui & Co., Ltd. ("Mitsui") under the name Nutrinova. The Company contributed receivables, inventory, property, plant and equipment, certain other assets, other liabilities, technology and employees of its food ingredients business while retaining a 30% interest in the joint venture. Mitsui acquired the remaining 70% interest in the food ingredients business for a purchase price of $503 million, subject to transaction
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adjustments. The Company is accounting for its interest in the joint venture as an equity method investment, and its portion of the results will continue to be included in the Engineered Materials segment. A gain on the transaction of $508 million is included in Gain (loss) on disposition of businesses and assets, net in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations for three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Korea Engineering Plastics Co. Restructuring
In April 2022, the Company completed the restructuring of Korea Engineering Plastics Co. ("KEPCO"), a joint venture owned 50% by the Company and 50% by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. KEPCO was first formed in 1987 to manufacture and market polyoxymethylene ("POM") in Asia, with a particular focus on serving domestic demand in South Korea. KEPCO will now focus solely on manufacturing and supplying high quality products to its shareholders, who will independently market
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them globally. As part of the restructuring of KEPCO, the Company paid KEPCO $5 million and will pay 5 equal annual installments of €24 million on October 1 of each year beginning in 2022. This resulted in an increase to the Company's investment in KEPCO of $134 million. The Company's joint venture partner will be makingmake similar payments to KEPCO. The restructuring did not result in a change in ownership percentage of KEPCO, nor a change in control, and KEPCO will continue to be accounted for as an equity method investment.
4. Inventories
As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
As of
September 30,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Finished goodsFinished goods1,811 1,820 Finished goods1,573 1,820 
Work-in-processWork-in-process210 202 Work-in-process169 202 
Raw materials and suppliesRaw materials and supplies728 786 Raw materials and supplies595 786 
TotalTotal2,749 2,808 Total2,337 2,808 
5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill
Engineered
Materials
Acetyl ChainTotalEngineered
Materials
Acetyl ChainTotal
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 20226,775 367 7,142 As of December 31, 20226,775 367 7,142 
Acquisitions (Note 3)
Acquisitions (Note 3)
(18)— (18)
Acquisitions (Note 3)
(24)— (24)
Disposition(1)
Disposition(1)
(80)— (80)
Exchange rate changesExchange rate changes11 15 Exchange rate changes(45)(2)(47)
As of March 31, 2023(1)
6,768 371 7,139 
As of September 30, 2023(2)
As of September 30, 2023(2)
6,626 365 6,991 

(1)Related to the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture (Note 3).
(2)There were no accumulated impairment losses as of March 31,September 30, 2023.
Intangible Assets, Net
Finite-lived intangibleThe Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying amount of its reporting unit goodwill either qualitatively or quantitatively annually during the third quarter of its fiscal year using June 30 balances or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be fully recoverable. In connection with the Company's annual goodwill impairment assessment, the Company did not record an impairment loss to goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as the estimated fair value for each of the Company's reporting units exceeded the carrying amount of the underlying assets are as follows:
LicensesCustomer-
Related
Intangible
Assets
Developed
Technology
Covenants
Not to
Compete
and Other
Total
(In $ millions)
Gross Asset Value
As of December 31, 202242 2,455 601 55 3,153 
Exchange rate changes— 22 — — 22 
As of March 31, 202342 2,477 601 55 3,175 
Accumulated Amortization
As of December 31, 2022(39)(567)(50)(40)(696)
Amortization— (30)(11)— (41)
Exchange rate changes— (8)— — (8)
As of March 31, 2023(39)(605)(61)(40)(745)
Net book value1,872 540 15 2,430 
by a substantial margin.
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Intangible Assets, Net
Finite-lived intangible assets are as follows:
LicensesCustomer-
Related
Intangible
Assets
Developed
Technology
Covenants
Not to
Compete
and Other
Total
(In $ millions)
Gross Asset Value
As of December 31, 202242 2,455 601 55 3,153 
Disposition(1)
— (58)— — (58)
Exchange rate changes(2)(23)(10)— (35)
As of September 30, 202340 2,374 591 55 3,060 
Accumulated Amortization
As of December 31, 2022(39)(567)(50)(40)(696)
Amortization— (93)(30)(1)(124)
Disposition(1)
— 58 — — 58 
Exchange rate changes10 — — 12 
As of September 30, 2023(37)(592)(80)(41)(750)
Net book value1,782 511 14 2,310 

(1)Related to the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture (Note 3).
Indefinite-lived intangible assets are as follows:
Trademarks
and Trade Names
(In $ millions)
As of December 31, 20221,648 
Disposition(1)
(14)
Exchange rate changes8 
As of March 31,September 30, 20231,6561,634 
______________________________
(1)Related to the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture (Note 3).
The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying amount of its indefinite-lived intangible assets either qualitatively or quantitatively annually during the third quarter of its fiscal year using June 30 balances or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. In connection with the Company's annual indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment assessment, the Company did not record an impairment loss to indefinite-lived intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as the estimated fair value of each of the Company's indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded the carrying value of the underlying assets by a substantial margin.
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company did not renew or extend any intangible assets.
Estimated amortization expense for the succeeding five fiscal years is as follows:
(In $ millions)
2024160 
2025160 
2026160 
2027160 
2028160 
6. Current Other Liabilities
As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions)
Benefit obligations (Note 8)
25 25 
Customer rebates91 101 
Derivatives (Note 12)
39 63 
Interest (Note 7)
155 265 
Legal (Note 14)
22 21 
Operating leases88 83 
Restructuring (Note 18)
23 
Salaries and benefits123 151 
Sales and use tax/foreign withholding tax payable91 108 
Investment in affiliates94 79 
Other(1)
263 299 
Total1,014 1,201 
____________________________
(1)Includes $104 million and $166 million of liabilities related to the M&M Acquisition payable to DuPont as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(In $ millions)
2024161 
2025161 
2026160 
2027160 
2028160 
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6. Current Other Liabilities
As of
September 30,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions)
Benefit obligations (Note 8)
25 25 
Customer rebates79 101 
Derivatives (Note 12)
46 63 
Interest (Note 7)
137 265 
Legal (Note 14)
25 21 
Operating leases88 83 
Restructuring (Note 18)
21 
Salaries and benefits149 151 
Sales and use tax/foreign withholding tax payable104 108 
Investment in affiliates91 79 
Other(1)
162 299 
Total927 1,201 
____________________________
(1)Includes $27 million and $166 million payable to DuPont related to the M&M Acquisition and transition activities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
7. Debt
As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
As of
September 30,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Short-Term Borrowings and Current Installments of Long-Term Debt - Third Party and AffiliatesShort-Term Borrowings and Current Installments of Long-Term Debt - Third Party and AffiliatesShort-Term Borrowings and Current Installments of Long-Term Debt - Third Party and Affiliates
Current installments of long-term debtCurrent installments of long-term debt551 506 Current installments of long-term debt1,061 506 
Short-term borrowings, including amounts due to affiliates(1)
Short-term borrowings, including amounts due to affiliates(1)
617 500 
Short-term borrowings, including amounts due to affiliates(1)
142 500 
Revolving credit facilities(2)
Revolving credit facilities(2)
218 300 
Revolving credit facilities(2)
205 300 
TotalTotal1,386 1,306 Total1,408 1,306 

(1)The weighted average interest rate was 5.6%2.9% and 5.8% as of March 31,September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(2)The weighted average interest rate was 3.4% and 5.8% as of March 31,September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions)
Long-Term Debt
Senior unsecured notes due 2023, interest rate of 1.125%489 480 
Senior unsecured notes due 2024, interest rate of 3.500%499 499 
Senior unsecured notes due 2024, interest rate of 5.900%2,000 2,000 
Senior unsecured notes due 2025, interest rate of 1.250%326 320 
Senior unsecured notes due 2025, interest rate of 6.050%1,750 1,750 
Senior unsecured term loan due 2025, interest rate of 6.265%750 750 
Senior unsecured notes due 2026, interest rate of 1.400%400 400 
Senior unsecured notes due 2026, interest rate of 4.777%1,088 1,067 
Senior unsecured notes due 2027, interest rate of 2.125%542 531 
Senior unsecured notes due 2027, interest rate of 6.165%2,000 2,000 
Senior unsecured term loan due 2027, interest rate of 6.265%1,000 1,000 
Senior unsecured notes due 2028, interest rate of 0.625%543 533 
Senior unsecured notes due 2029, interest rate of 5.337%544 533 
Senior unsecured notes due 2029, interest rate of 6.330%750 750 
Senior unsecured notes due 2032, interest rate of 6.379%1,000 1,000 
Pollution control and industrial revenue bonds due at various dates through 2030, interest rates ranging from 4.05% to 5.00%163 164 
Bank loans due at various dates through 2026(1)
Obligations under finance leases due at various dates through 2054169 172 
Subtotal14,017 13,953 
Unamortized debt issuance costs(2)
(70)(74)
Current installments of long-term debt(551)(506)
Total13,396 13,373 
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As of
September 30,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions)
Long-Term Debt
Senior unsecured notes due 2023, interest rate of 1.125%— 480 
Senior unsecured notes due 2024, interest rate of 3.500%473 499 
Senior unsecured notes due 2024, interest rate of 5.900%527 2,000 
Senior unsecured notes due 2025, interest rate of 1.250%318 320 
Senior unsecured notes due 2025, interest rate of 6.050%1,000 1,750 
Senior unsecured term loan due 2025(1)
— 750 
Senior unsecured notes due 2026, interest rate of 1.400%400 400 
Senior unsecured notes due 2026, interest rate of 4.777%1,060 1,067 
Senior unsecured notes due 2027, interest rate of 2.125%528 531 
Senior unsecured notes due 2027, interest rate of 6.165%2,000 2,000 
Senior unsecured term loan due 2027(1)
1,000 1,000 
Senior unsecured notes due 2028, interest rate of 0.625%529 533 
Senior unsecured notes due 2028, interest rate of 6.350%1,000 — 
Senior unsecured notes due 2029, interest rate of 5.337%529 533 
Senior unsecured notes due 2029, interest rate of 6.330%750 750 
Senior unsecured notes due 2030, interest rate of 6.550%999 — 
Senior unsecured notes due 2032, interest rate of 6.379%1,000 1,000 
Senior unsecured notes due 2033, interest rate of 6.700%1,000 — 
Pollution control and industrial revenue bonds due at various dates through 2030(2)
163 164 
Bank loans due at various dates through 2030(3)
Obligations under finance leases due at various dates through 2054150 172 
Subtotal13,431 13,953 
Unamortized deferred financing costs(4)
(79)(74)
Current installments of long-term debt(1,061)(506)
Total12,291 13,373 

(1)The weighted average interest rate was 1.3%6.930% and 1.3%5.934% as of March 31,September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(2)Interest rates range from 4.05% and 5.00%.
(3)The weighted average interest rate was 2.6% and 1.3% as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(4)Related to the Company's long-term debt, excluding obligations under finance leases.
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Senior Credit Facilities
In March 2022, Celanese, Celanese U.S. and certain subsidiaries entered into a term loan credit agreement (the "March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement"), pursuant to which lenders provided a tranche of delayed-draw term loans due 364 days from issuance in an amount equal to $500 million (the "364-day Term Loans") and a tranche of delayed-draw term loans due 5 years from issuance in an amount equal to $1.0 billion.billion (the "5-year Term Loans"). In September 2022, Celanese, Celanese U.S. and certain subsidiaries entered into an additional term loan credit agreement (the "September 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement" and, together with the March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement, the "U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreements"), pursuant to which lenders have provided delayed-draw term loans due 3 years from issuance in an amount equal to $750 million (the term loans represented by"3-year Term Loans" and collectively with the U.S.364-day Term Loan Credit Agreements collectively,Loans and the 5-year Term Loans, the "U.S. Term Loan Facility"). The U.S. Term Loan Facility was fully drawn during the three months ended December 31, 2022.
Also in March 2022, Celanese, Celanese U.S. and certain subsidiaries entered into a new revolving credit agreement (the "U.S. Revolving Credit Agreement" and, together with the March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreements,Agreement, the "U.S. Credit Agreements") consisting of a $1.75 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (with a letter of credit sublimit), maturing in 2027 (the "U.S. Revolving Credit Facility").
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On February 21, 2023, the Company amended certain covenants in the U.S. Credit Agreements, including financial ratio maintenance covenants. The U.S. Credit Agreements are guaranteed by Celanese, Celanese U.S. and domestic subsidiaries together representing substantially all of the Company's U.S. assets and business operations (the "Subsidiary Guarantors"). The Subsidiary Guarantors are listed in Exhibit 22.1 to this Quarterly Report.
On January 4, 2023, Celanese (Shanghai) International Trading Co., Ltd ("CSIT"), a fully consolidated subsidiary, entered into a restatement of an existing credit facility agreement (the "China Revolving Credit Agreement") to upsize and modify the facility thereunder to consist of an aggregate CNY1.75 billion uncommitted senior unsecured revolving credit facility available under two tranches (with overdraft, bank guarantee and documentary credit sublimits) (the "China Revolving Credit Facility"). Obligations bear interest at certain fixed and floating rates. The China Revolving Credit Agreement is guaranteed by Celanese U.S.
Also onOn January 6, 2023, CSIT entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan contract for CNY800 million (the "China Working Capital Term Loan Agreement," together with the China Revolving Credit Agreement, the "China Credit Agreements," and the China Credit Agreements together with the U.S. Credit Agreements, the "Global Credit Agreements"), payable 12 months from withdrawal date and bearing interest at 0.5% less than certain interbank rates. The loan under the China Working Capital Term Loan Agreement was fully drawn on January 10, 2023 and is supported by a letter of comfort from the Company. The Company expects that the China Credit Agreements will facilitate its efficient repatriation of cash to the U.S. to repay debt and effectively redomicile a portion of its U.S. debt to China at a lower average interest rate.
The Company's debt balances and amounts available for borrowing under its senior unsecured revolving credit facilities are as follows:
As of
March 31,September 30,
2023
(In $ millions)
U.S. Revolving Credit Facility
Borrowings outstanding— 
Available for borrowing1,750 
China Revolving Credit Facility
Borrowings outstanding218205 
Available for borrowing3735 
Senior Notes
The Company has outstanding senior unsecured notes, issued in public offerings registered under the Securities Act of 1933, ("Securitiesas amended (the "Securities Act"), as amended (collectively, the "Senior Notes"). The Senior Notes were issued by Celanese U.S. and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by Celanese and the Subsidiary Guarantors. Celanese U.S. may redeem some or all of each of the Senior Notes, prior to their respective maturity dates, at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount, plus a "make-whole" premium as specified in the applicable indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date.
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In July 2022, Celanese U.S. completed an offering of $7.5 billion aggregate principal amount of notes of various maturities in a public offering registered under the Securities Act (the "Acquisition USD Notes"). In July 2022, Celanese U.S. completed an offering of €1.5 billion in aggregate principal amount of euro-denominated senior unsecured notes due in 2026 and 2029 in a public offering registered under the Securities Act (collectively, the "Acquisition Euro Notes" and together with the Acquisition USD Notes, the "Acquisition Notes"). Certain of the Acquisition Notes were issued at a discount to par, which will beis being amortized to Interest expense in the unaudited interim consolidated statementstatements of operations over the terms of the applicable Acquisition Notes. Fees and expenses of the offering of the Acquisition Notes, inclusive of underwriting discounts, were $65 million.
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On August 24, 2023, Celanese U.S. completed a public offering registered under the Securities Act of senior unsecured notes as follows (collectively, the "2023 Offering"):
Maturity DateAggregate Principal
Amount Issued
Discount to ParInterest Rate
(In $ millions)
November 15, 20281,000 99.986%6.350%
November 15, 2030999 99.950%6.550%
November 15, 20331,000 99.992%6.700%
Deferred financing costs related to the 2023 Offering, including underwriting discounts, were $26 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and are being amortized to Interest expense in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations over the terms of the applicable notes.
On August 25, 2023, Celanese U.S. completed a cash tender offer for $2.25 billion in aggregate principal amount (the "Tender Offer") as follows:
Maturity DateAggregate Principal Amount TenderedPurchase price per $1,000 principal amountTotal Tender Offer ConsiderationAccrued and Unpaid Interest
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
June 30, 20241,473 $999.92 1,473 12 
March 15, 2025750 $1,002.85 752 20 
April 30, 202427 $983.95 27 — 
The net proceeds from the 2023 Offering were used (i) to fund the Tender Offer and (ii) for repayment of other outstanding indebtedness, including the payment in full of the 364-day Term Loans and the 3-year Term Loans.
Refinancing expense in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations includes fees and expenses related to the Tender Offer, including accelerated amortization of deferred financing costs associated with the principal amounts tendered, was $7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Accounts Receivable Purchasing Facility
InOn June 2021,1, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the amended and restated receivables purchase agreement (the "Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement") under its U.S. accounts receivable purchasing facility among certain of the Company's subsidiaries, its wholly-owned, "bankruptcy remote" special purpose subsidiary ("SPE") and certain global financial institutions ("Purchasers"). The Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement extends the term of the accounts receivable purchasing facility such that the SPE may sell certain receivables until June 18, 2024.2025. Under the Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement, transfers of U.S. accounts receivable from the SPE are treated as sales and are accounted for as a reduction in accounts receivable because the agreement transfers effective control over and risk related to the U.S. accounts receivable to the SPE. The Company and related subsidiaries have no continuing involvement in the transferred U.S. accounts receivable, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the U.S. accounts receivable are no longer available to satisfy creditors of the Company or the related subsidiaries. These sales are transacted at 100% of the face value of the relevant U.S. accounts receivable, resulting in derecognition of the U.S. accounts receivables from the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheet. The Company de-recognized $249 million$1.0 billion and $1.1 billion of accounts receivable under this agreement for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and twelve monthsyear ended December 31, 2022, respectively, and collected $249$977 million and $1.1 billion of accounts receivable sold under this agreement during the same periods. Unsold U.S. accounts receivable of $109$110 million were pledged by the SPE as collateral to the Purchasers as of March 31,September 30, 2023.
Factoring and Discounting Agreements
The Company has factoring agreements in Europe and Singapore with financial institutions to sell 100% and 90% of certain accounts receivable, respectively, on a non-recourse basis. These transactions are treated as sales and are accounted for as reductions in accounts receivable because the agreements transfer effective control over and risk related to the receivables to the buyer. The Company has no continuing involvement in the transferred receivables, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable are no longer available to satisfy creditors in the event of bankruptcy. The Company de-recognized $87$305 million and $320 million of accounts receivable under these factoring agreements for the three
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nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and twelve monthsyear ended December 31, 2022, respectively, and collected $82$294 million and $325 million of accounts receivable sold under these factoring agreements during the same periods.
Covenants
The Company's material financing arrangements contain customary covenants, such as events of default and change of control provisions, and in the case of the U.S. Credit Agreements the maintenance of certain financial ratios (subject to adjustment following certain qualifying acquisitions and dispositions, as set forth in the U.S. Credit Agreements, as amended). Failure to comply with these covenants, or the occurrence of any other event of default, could result in acceleration of the borrowings and other financial obligations. The Company is in compliance with the covenants in its material financing arrangements as of March 31,September 30, 2023.
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8. Benefit Obligations
The components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
202320222023202220232022
Pension
Benefits
Post-retirement
Benefits
Pension
Benefits
Post-retirement
Benefits
Pension
Benefits
Post-retirement
Benefits
Pension
Benefits
Post-retirement
Benefits
Pension
Benefits
Post-retirement
Benefits
Pension
Benefits
Post-retirement
Benefits
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Service costService cost— — Service cost— — 10 
Interest costInterest cost32 — 17 — Interest cost32 17 — 98 50 
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(33)— (41)— Expected return on plan assets(32)— (42)— (98)— (125)— 
TotalTotal— (21)— Total(22)(65)
Benefit obligation funding is as follows:
As of
March 31,
2023
Total
Expected
2023
As of
September 30,
2023
Total
Expected
2023
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Cash contributions to defined benefit pension plansCash contributions to defined benefit pension plans27 Cash contributions to defined benefit pension plans20 27 
Benefit payments to nonqualified pension plansBenefit payments to nonqualified pension plans18 Benefit payments to nonqualified pension plans15 18 
Benefit payments to other postretirement benefit plansBenefit payments to other postretirement benefit plansBenefit payments to other postretirement benefit plans
The Company's estimates of its U.S. defined benefit pension plan contributions reflect the provisions of the Pension Protection Act of 2006.
Pension and postretirement benefit plan balances recognized in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets consist of:of the following:
As of March 31, 2023As of December 31, 2022As of September 30, 2023As of December 31, 2022
Pension
Benefits
Post-retirement
Benefits
Pension
Benefits
Post-retirement
Benefits
Pension
Benefits
Post-retirement
Benefits
Pension
Benefits
Post-retirement
Benefits
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Noncurrent Other assetsNoncurrent Other assets166 — 160 — Noncurrent Other assets167 — 160 — 
Current Other liabilitiesCurrent Other liabilities(21)(3)(21)(3)Current Other liabilities(21)(3)(21)(3)
Benefit obligationsBenefit obligations(371)(35)(372)(35)Benefit obligations(357)(35)(372)(35)
Net amount recognizedNet amount recognized(226)(38)(233)(38)Net amount recognized(211)(38)(233)(38)
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9. Environmental
The Company is subject to environmental laws and regulations worldwide that impose limitations on the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, establish standards for the treatment, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, and impose record keeping and notification requirements. Failure to timely comply with these laws and regulations may expose the Company to penalties. The Company believes that it is in substantial compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations and engages in an ongoing process of updating its controls to mitigate compliance risks. The Company is also subject to retained environmental obligations specified in various contractual agreements arising from the divestiture of certain businesses by the Company or one of its predecessor companies.
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The components of environmental remediation liabilities are as follows:
As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
As of
September 30,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Demerger obligations (Note 14)
Demerger obligations (Note 14)
19 20 
Demerger obligations (Note 14)
17 20 
Divestiture obligations (Note 14)
Divestiture obligations (Note 14)
14 14 
Divestiture obligations (Note 14)
13 14 
Active sitesActive sites20 21 Active sites19 21 
U.S. Superfund sitesU.S. Superfund sites10 U.S. Superfund sites10 
Other environmental remediation liabilitiesOther environmental remediation liabilitiesOther environmental remediation liabilities
TotalTotal64 67 Total59 67 
Remediation
Due to its industrial history and through retained contractual and legal obligations, the Company has the obligation to remediate specific areas on its own sites as well as on divested, demerger, orphan or U.S. Superfund sites (defined below). In addition, as part of the demerger agreement between the Company and Hoechst AG ("Hoechst"), a specified portion of the responsibility for environmental liabilities from a number of Hoechst divestitures was transferred to the Company (Note 14). Certain of these sites, at which the Company maintains continuing involvement, were and continue to be designated as discontinued operations when closed. The Company provides for such obligations when the event of loss is probable and reasonably estimable. The Company believes that environmental remediation costs will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position of the Company, but may have a material adverse effect on the results of operations or cash flows in any given period.
U.S. Superfund Sites
In the U.S., the Company may be subject to substantial claims brought by U.S. federal or state regulatory agencies or private individuals pursuant to statutory authority or common law. In particular, the Company has a potential liability under the U.S. Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, and related state laws (collectively referred to as "Superfund") for investigation and cleanup costs at certain sites. At most of these sites, numerous companies, including the Company, or one of its predecessor companies, have been notified that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), state governing bodies or private individuals consider such companies to be potentially responsible parties ("PRP") under Superfund or related laws. The proceedings relating to these sites are in various stages. The cleanup process has not been completed at most sites, and the status of the insurance coverage for some of these proceedings is uncertain. Consequently, the Company cannot accurately determine its ultimate liability for investigation or cleanup costs at these sites.
As events progress at each site for which it has been named a PRP, the Company accrues any probable and reasonably estimable liabilities. In establishing these liabilities, the Company considers the contaminants of concern, the potential impact thereof, the relationship of the contaminants of concern to its current and historic operations, its shipment of waste to a site, its percentage of total waste shipped to the site, the types of wastes involved, the conclusions of any studies, the magnitude of any remedial actions that may be necessary and the number and viability of other PRPs. Often the Company joins with other PRPs to sign joint defense agreements that settle, among PRPs, each party's percentage allocation of costs at the site. Although the ultimate liability may differ from the estimate, the Company routinely reviews the liabilities and revises the estimate, as appropriate, based on the most current information available.
One such site is the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, which is comprised of a number of sub-sites, including the Lower Passaic River Study Area ("LPRSA"), which is the lower 17-mile stretch of the Passaic River ("Lower Passaic River Site"), and the
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Newark Bay Study Area. The Company and 70 other companies are parties to a May 2007 Administrative Order on Consent with the EPA to perform a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study ("RI/FS") at the Lower Passaic River Site in order to identify the levels of contaminants and potential cleanup actions, including the potential migration of contaminants between the LPRSA and the Newark Bay Area.
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In March 2016, the EPA issued its final Record of Decision concerning the remediation of the lower 8.3 miles of the Lower Passaic River Site ("Lower 8.3 Miles"). Pursuant to the EPA's Record of Decision, the Lower 8.3 Miles must be dredged bank to bank and an engineered cap must be installed at an EPA estimated cost of approximately $1.4 billion. In September 2021, the EPA issued a Record of Decision selecting an interim remedial plan for the upper 9 miles of the Lower Passaic River ("Upper 9 Miles"). Pursuant to the EPA's Record of Decision, targeted dredging will be conducted in the Upper 9 Miles to address surface sediments with elevated contamination followed by the installation of an engineered cap at an EPA estimated cost of $441 million.
The Company owned and/or operated facilities in the vicinity of the Lower 8.3 Miles, but has found no evidence that it contributed any of the contaminants of concern to the Passaic River. In June 2018, Occidental Chemical Corporation ("OCC"), the successor to the Diamond Alkali Company, sued a subsidiary of the Company and 119 other parties alleging claims for joint and several damages, contribution and declaratory relief under Section 107 and 113 of Superfund for costs to clean up the LPRSA portion of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, Occidental Chemical Corporation v. 21st Century Fox America, Inc., et al, No. 2:18-CV-11273 (MCA) (LDW) (U.S. District Court New Jersey) (the "2018 OCC Lawsuit"), alleging that each of the defendants owned or operated a facility that contributed contamination to the LPRSA. With respect to the Company, the 2018 OCC lawsuit is limited to the former Celanese facility that Essex County, New Jersey has agreed to indemnify the Company for and does not change the Company's estimated liability for LPRSA cleanup costs.
Separately, the United States lodged a Consent Decree in U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey on December 16, 2022 that will resolve the Company's liability (and that of more than 80 other settling defendants) to the EPA for costs to clean up both the Lower 8.3 Miles and Upper 9 Miles of the Lower Passaic River Site in exchange for a collective payment of $150 million, United States v. Alden Leeds, Inc., No. 2:22-7326 (MCA) (LDW) (U.S. District Court New Jersey) ("Consent Decree Action"). The Consent Decree also will provide the Company protection from contribution claims by others for costs incurred to clean up both the Lower 8.3 Miles and Upper 9 Miles of the Lower Passaic River Site. The Company's proposed payment toward the $150 million collective settlement payment is not material to the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial position. The Consent Decree is still subject to public comment and court approval.
On March 7, 2023, the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey entered an order staying and administratively terminating the 2018 OCC Lawsuit, pending resolution of the request for judicial approval of the Consent Decree in the Consent Decree Action. On March 24, 2023, OCC filed a new lawsuit against 40 parties, including a subsidiary of the Company, seeking to recover costs for remedial design work the EPA has ordered OCC to undertake for a portion of the LPRSA at an estimated cost of $71 million, Occidental Chemical Corporation v. Givaudan Fragrances Corporation, No. 2:23-cv-1699 (U.S. District Court New Jersey) (the "2023 OCC Lawsuit"). Like the earlier lawsuit, the 2023 OCC Lawsuit concerns the facility Essex County, New Jersey purchased and for which Essex County, New Jersey has agreed to defend and indemnify the Company. This new lawsuit does not change the Company's estimated liability for LPRSA cleanup costs.
The Company will continue to vigorously defend these matters and continues to believe that its ultimate allocable share of the cleanup costs with respect to the Lower Passaic River Site, previously estimated at less than 1%, will not be material.
Other Environmental Matters
In April 2022, a methanol leak on a pipeline to ourthe Company's Bishop, Texas facility was discovered. The release has been contained, the leak has been repaired and the pipeline has resumed operation. The Company promptly disclosed the incident to state and federal authorities, including the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and the EPA, and remediation activities are now completed. While the Company has not received a notice of violation nor been assessed any fines or penalties to date, the Company recorded a reserve in Other current liabilities based on anticipated clean-up costs and possible penalties to state or federal authorities. The Company does not believe that resolution of this matter will have a material impact on ourits financial condition or results of operations.
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10. Shareholders' Equity
Common Stock
The Company's Board of Directors follows a policy of declaring, subject to legally available funds, a quarterly cash dividend on each share of the Company's Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share ("Common Stock"), unless the Company's Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, determines otherwise. The amount available to the Company to pay cash dividends is not currently restricted by its existing Global Credit Agreements and its indentures governing its senior unsecured notes. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, the results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the Company's Board of Directors may deem relevant.
The Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.70 per share on its Common Stock on April 19,October 18, 2023, amounting to $76 million. The cash dividend will be paid on May 15,November 13, 2023 to holders of record as of May 1,October 30, 2023.
Treasury Stock
The Company's Board of Directors authorizes repurchases of Common Stock from time to time. These authorizations give management discretion in determining the timing and conditions under which shares may be repurchased. This repurchase program does not have an expiration date.
Total From
February 2008
Through
March 31,September 30, 2023
Shares repurchased69,324,429 
Average purchase price per share$83.71 
Shares repurchased (in $ millions)$5,803 
Aggregate Board of Directors repurchase authorizations during the period (in $ millions)$6,866 
The purchase of treasury stock reduces the number of shares outstanding. The repurchased shares may be used by the Company for compensation programs utilizing the Company's stock and other corporate purposes. The Company accounts for treasury stock using the cost method and includes treasury stock as a component of shareholders' equity.
The Company did not repurchase any Common Stock during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 andor 2022.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Gross
Amount
Income
Tax
(Provision)
Benefit
Net
Amount
Gross
Amount
Income
Tax
(Provision)
Benefit
Net
Amount
Gross
Amount
Income
Tax
(Provision)
Benefit
Net
Amount
Gross
Amount
Income
Tax
(Provision)
Benefit
Net
Amount
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)Foreign currency translation gain (loss)(4)17 13 (15)(6)(21)Foreign currency translation gain (loss)34 (27)(52)(49)
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedges— 19 (4)15 
Gain (loss) on derivative hedgesGain (loss) on derivative hedges(21)(17)(15)(11)
Pension and postretirement benefits gain (loss)Pension and postretirement benefits gain (loss)(1)— (1)— Pension and postretirement benefits gain (loss)(1)— (1)— — — 
TotalTotal(1)17 16 (10)(4)Total12 (23)(11)(12)(48)(60)
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Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022
Gross
Amount
Income
Tax
(Provision)
Benefit
Net
Amount
Gross
Amount
Income
Tax
(Provision)
Benefit
Net
Amount
(In $ millions)
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)(184)(181)(119)(82)(201)
Gain (loss) on derivative hedges(18)(13)37 (7)30 
Pension and postretirement benefits gain (loss)(2)(1)— 
Total(204)(195)(80)(89)(169)
Adjustments to Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net, are as follows:
Foreign
Currency
Translation Gain (Loss)
Gain (Loss)
on Cash
Flow
Hedges
Pension and
Postretirement
Benefits Gain (Loss)
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
(Loss), Net
Foreign
Currency
Translation Gain (Loss)
Gain (Loss)
on Derivative
Hedges
Pension and
Postretirement
Benefits Gain (Loss)
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
(Loss), Net
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2022(488)(22)(8)(518)As of December 31, 2022(488)(22)(8)(518)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassificationsOther comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(4)(1)(3)Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(184)20 (2)(166)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)— — Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)— (38)— (38)
Income tax (provision) benefitIncome tax (provision) benefit17 — — 17 Income tax (provision) benefit
As of March 31, 2023(475)(18)(9)(502)
As of September 30, 2023As of September 30, 2023(669)(35)(9)(713)
11. Income Taxes
Three Months Ended
March 31,
20232022
(In percentages)
Effective income tax rate21 18 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
(In percentages)
Effective income tax rate(33)40 (20)24 
The effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 was higherlower compared to the same periodperiods in 2022, primarily due to increasesdeferred tax benefits of $293 million from the relocation of certain intangible assets to align with the foreign operations acquired in the M&M Acquisition, differences in the tax and U.S. GAAP gain from the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture, decreased earnings in high taxed jurisdictions related to current demand conditions and a decrease in valuation allowances on U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards due to revised forecasts of foreign sourced income and expenses during the carryforward period, partially offset by increased earnings in low taxed jurisdictions during the three months ended March 31, 2023.period.
In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "TCJA") was enacted and was effective January 1, 2018. The U.S. Treasury has issued various final and proposed regulatory packages supplementing the TCJA provisions since 2018. There have been no material proposed or final regulatory packages during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023.
In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (the "IRA") was enacted and included a 1% excise tax on share repurchases in excess of $1 million, and a corporate minimum tax of 15% on adjusted book earnings. The corporate minimum tax paid is creditable in future years to the extent that regular tax liability exceeds the minimum tax in any given year. The Company does not expect these provisions and any newly issued administrative guidance to have a material impact to future income tax expense. The IRA also provides various beneficial credits for energy efficient related manufacturing, transportation and fuels, hydrogen/carbon recapture and renewable energy, which the Company is evaluating in regardregards to planned projects.
The Company will continue to monitor the expected impacts of any new guidance on the Company's filing positions and will record the impacts as discrete income tax expense adjustmentsor benefit in the period the guidance is finalized or becomes effective.
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Due to the TCJA and uncertainty as to future foreign source income, the Company previously recorded a valuation allowance on a substantial portion of its foreign tax credit carryforwards. The Company is currently evaluating tax planning strategies to enable the use of the Company's foreign tax credit carryforwards that may decrease the Company's effective tax rate in future periods as the valuation allowance is reversed.
The Company's tax returns have been under joint audit for the years 2013 through 2015 by the United States, Netherlands and Germany (the "Authorities"). In September 2021, the Company received a draft joint audit report proposing adjustments to transfer pricing and the reallocation of income between the related jurisdictions. The Authorities also proposed to apply these adjustments to open tax years through 2019. The Company and the Authorities were unable to reach an agreement jointly and therefore the audits continued on a separate jurisdictional basis. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company mutually concluded settlement discussions with the Dutch tax authorities. The Company is engaged in ongoing discussions with the other authorities regarding the ongoing examinations and will evaluate all additional potential remedies as the discussions progress.
In addition, the Company's income tax returns in Mexico are under audit for the years 2017 andyear 2018, and in Canada for the years 2016 through 2018.2022. In January 2022,August 2023, the Mexico tax authorities issued preliminary findings for disallowance of operating expenses on several of the applicable tax returns. The Company has analyzed the preliminary findings, engaged in preliminary
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discussionsnegotiated a partial settlement with the Mexico tax authorities for its audit for the year 2018. The partial settlement did not have a material impact on income tax expense in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations for the three and has recordednine months ended September 30, 2023. In September 2023, the appropriateCanadian tax reserves as of March 31, 2023.authorities opened tax audits for the years 2019 through 2022, and the audits are in the preliminary stages. The Company will continueis in ongoing discussions withregarding the Mexico authorities in 2023. Related to Canada, the Company is discussing preliminaryaudit findings with the Canadian tax authorities for the years 2016 through 2018 and does not expect a material impact to income tax expense.
As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company believes that an adequate provision for income taxes has been made for all open tax years related to the examinations by government authorities. However, the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues raised in the audits described above are resolved in a manner inconsistent with the Company's expectations or the Company is unsuccessful in defending its positions, the Company could be required to adjust its provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs. If required, any such adjustments could be material to the statements of operations and cash flows in the period(s) recorded.
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12. Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivatives Designated As HedgesInformation regarding changes in the fair value of the Company's derivative and non-derivative instruments is as follows:
Net Investment Hedges
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Loss)
Three Months Ended September 30,Statement of Operations Classification
2023202220232022
(In $ millions)
Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Commodity swaps(9)11 Cost of sales
Interest rate swaps— — (2)(1)Interest expense
Foreign currency forwards— — Cost of sales
Total(7)10 
Designated as Fair Value Hedges
Cross-currency swaps(1)
18 — 40 — Foreign exchange gain (loss), net
Designated as Net Investment Hedges
Foreign currency denominated debt61 148 — — N/A
Cross-currency swaps77 90 — — N/A
Total138 238 — — 
Not Designated as Hedges
Foreign currency forwards and swaps— — (23)(8)Foreign exchange gain (loss), net; Other income (expense), net

(1)In conjunction with the 2023 Offering (Note 7) in August 2023, the Company entered into a cross-currency swap to effectively convert $500 million of the issued notes into a Japanese yen-denominated borrowing at prevailing yen interest rates, maturing on July 15, 2029. The total notional amountswap qualifies and has been designated as a fair value hedge of the Company's foreign currency denominatedexchange rate exposure on the long-term debt andof its Japanese yen-denominated subsidiary.
Additionally, in conjunction with the 2023 Offering (Note 7) in August 2023, the Company entered into cross-currency swaps to effectively convert $1.0 billion of the issued notes into 5-year and 7-year euro-denominated borrowings at prevailing euro interest rates, maturing on November 15, 2028 and November 15, 2030, respectively. The swaps qualify and have been designated as net investmentfair value hedges are as follows:of the Company's foreign currency exchange rate exposure on the long-term debt of its euro-denominated subsidiary.
As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In € millions)
Total5,652 5,639 
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Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Loss)
Nine Months Ended September 30,Statement of Operations Classification
2023202220232022
(In $ millions)
Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Commodity swaps(2)50 22 Cost of sales
Interest rate swaps— — (6)(5)Interest expense
Foreign currency forwards— Cost of sales
Total52 (2)17 
Designated as Fair Value Hedges
Cross-currency swaps18 — 40 — Foreign exchange gain (loss), net
Designated as Net Investment Hedges(1)
Foreign currency denominated debt— 269 — — N/A
Cross-currency swaps(16)117 — — N/A
Total(16)386 — — 
Not Designated as Hedges
Foreign currency forwards and swaps— — (22)(12)Foreign exchange gain (loss), net; Other income (expense), net

(1)Concurrently with the offering of the Acquisition USD Notes in July 2022 (Note 7), the Company entered into cross-currency swaps to effectively convert $2.0 billion and $500 million of the Acquisition USD Notes into a euro-denominated borrowing at prevailing euro interest rates, maturing on July 15, 2027 and July 15, 2032, respectively. The swaps and €1.5 billion of the Acquisition Euro Notes qualify and have been designated as net investment hedges of the Company's foreign currency exchange rate exposure on the net investments of certain of its euro-denominated subsidiaries.
Derivatives Not Designated As Hedges
Foreign Currency Forwards and Swaps
Gross notional values of the foreign currency forwards and swaps not designated as hedges are as follows:
As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions)
Total1,892 1,314 
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Information regarding changes in the fair value of the Company's derivative and non-derivative instruments is as follows:
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Loss)
Three Months Ended March 31,Statement of Operations Classification
2023202220232022
(In $ millions)
Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Commodity swaps— 17 — Cost of sales
Interest rate swaps— — (2)(2)Interest expense
Foreign currency forwards— (1)— Cost of sales
Total17 (2)(2)
Designated as Net Investment Hedges
Foreign currency denominated debt (Note 7)
(56)28 — — N/A
Cross-currency swaps(19)— — N/A
Total(75)30 — — 
Not Designated as Hedges
Foreign currency forwards and swaps— — (1)Foreign exchange gain (loss), net; Other income (expense), net
Total— — (1)
See Note 13 for additional information regarding the fair value of the Company's derivative instruments.
Certain of the Company's commodity swaps, interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps and foreign currency forwards and swaps permit the Company to net settle all contracts with the counterparty through a single payment in an agreed upon currency in the event of default or early termination of the contract, similar to a master netting arrangement.
Information regarding the gross amounts of the Company's derivative instruments and the amounts offset in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets is as follows:
As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
As of
September 30,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Derivative AssetsDerivative AssetsDerivative Assets
Gross amount recognizedGross amount recognized139 169 Gross amount recognized187 169 
Gross amount offset in the consolidated balance sheetsGross amount offset in the consolidated balance sheets— Gross amount offset in the consolidated balance sheets— — 
Net amount presented in the consolidated balance sheetsNet amount presented in the consolidated balance sheets138 169 Net amount presented in the consolidated balance sheets187 169 
Gross amount not offset in the consolidated balance sheetsGross amount not offset in the consolidated balance sheets26 16 Gross amount not offset in the consolidated balance sheets44 16 
Net amountNet amount112 153 Net amount143 153 
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As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
As of
September 30,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Derivative LiabilitiesDerivative LiabilitiesDerivative Liabilities
Gross amount recognizedGross amount recognized185 189 Gross amount recognized226 189 
Gross amount offset in the consolidated balance sheetsGross amount offset in the consolidated balance sheets— Gross amount offset in the consolidated balance sheets— — 
Net amount presented in the consolidated balance sheetsNet amount presented in the consolidated balance sheets184 189 Net amount presented in the consolidated balance sheets226 189 
Gross amount not offset in the consolidated balance sheetsGross amount not offset in the consolidated balance sheets26 16 Gross amount not offset in the consolidated balance sheets44 16 
Net amountNet amount158 173 Net amount182 173 
13. Fair Value Measurements
The Company's financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as follows:
Derivative financial instruments include interest rate swaps, commodity swaps, cross-currency swaps and foreign currency forwards and swaps and are valued in the market using discounted cash flow techniques. These techniques incorporate Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurement inputs such as interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. These market inputs are utilized in the discounted cash flow calculation considering the instrument's term, notional amount, discount rate and credit risk. Significant inputs to the derivative valuation for interest rate swaps, commodity swaps, cross-currency swaps and foreign currency forwards and swaps are observable in the active markets and are classified as Level 2 in the fair value measurement hierarchy.
Fair Value Measurement
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Other assetsOther liabilities
Notional AmountCurrentNoncurrentCurrentNoncurrent
(In millions)(In $ millions)
As of September 30, 2023
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Commodity swaps$63 36 — — 
Foreign currency forwards and swaps$27 — — — 
Designated as Fair Value Hedges(1)
Cross-currency swaps$1,500 331018 
Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges
Cross-currency swaps5,367 91 — 29 152 
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
Foreign currency forwards and swaps$2,098 — 11 10 
Total141 46 46 180 
As of December 31, 2022
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Commodity swaps$82 39 — 
Foreign currency forwards and swaps$49 — — — — 
Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges
Cross-currency swaps5,639 99 13 58 126 
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
Foreign currency forwards and swaps$1,265 — — 
Total117 52 63 126 

(1)The Company has intercompany loans that are exposed to volatility in currency exchange rates. The Company utilizes cross-currency swaps to hedge these exposures (Note 12).
Fair Value Measurement
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
TotalBalance Sheet Classification
(In $ millions)
As of March 31, 2023
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Commodity swaps— Current Other assets
Commodity swaps— 43 43 Noncurrent Other assets
Foreign currency forwards and swaps— Current Other assets
Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges
Cross-currency swaps— 67 67 Current Other assets
Cross-currency swaps— 11 11 Noncurrent Other assets
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
Foreign currency forwards and swaps— 12 12 Current Other assets
Total assets— 138 138 
Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges
Cross-currency swaps— (29)(29)Current Other liabilities
Cross-currency swaps— (145)(145)Noncurrent Other liabilities
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
Foreign currency forwards and swaps— (10)(10)Current Other liabilities
Total liabilities— (184)(184)

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Fair Value Measurement
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
TotalBalance Sheet Classification
(In $ millions)
As of December 31, 2022
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Commodity swaps— Current Other assets
Commodity swaps— 39 39 Noncurrent Other assets
Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges
Cross-currency swaps— 99 99 Current Other assets
Cross-currency swaps— 13 13 Noncurrent Other assets
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
Foreign currency forwards and swaps— Current Other assets
Total assets— 169 169 
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Commodity swaps— (2)(2)Current Other liabilities
Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges
Cross-currency swaps— (58)(58)Current Other liabilities
Cross-currency swaps— (126)(126)Noncurrent Other liabilities
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
Foreign currency forwards and swaps— (3)(3)Current Other liabilities
Total liabilities— (189)(189)
Carrying values and fair values of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value are as follows:
Fair Value MeasurementFair Value Measurement
Carrying
Amount
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
TotalCarrying
Amount
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
As of March 31, 2023
As of September 30, 2023As of September 30, 2023
Equity investments without readily determinable fair valuesEquity investments without readily determinable fair values170 — — — Equity investments without readily determinable fair values170 — — — 
Insurance contracts in nonqualified trustsInsurance contracts in nonqualified trusts21 21 — 21 Insurance contracts in nonqualified trusts21 21 — 21 
Long-term debt, including current installments of long-term debtLong-term debt, including current installments of long-term debt14,017 13,608 169 13,777 Long-term debt, including current installments of long-term debt13,431 12,894 150 13,044 
As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2022
Equity investments without readily determinable fair valuesEquity investments without readily determinable fair values170 — — — Equity investments without readily determinable fair values170 — — — 
Insurance contracts in nonqualified trustsInsurance contracts in nonqualified trusts22 23 — 23 Insurance contracts in nonqualified trusts22 23 — 23 
Long-term debt, including current installments of long-term debtLong-term debt, including current installments of long-term debt13,953 13,247 172 13,419 Long-term debt, including current installments of long-term debt13,953 13,247 172 13,419 
In general, the equity investments included in the table above are not publicly traded and their fair values are not readily determinable. The Company believes the carrying values approximate fair value. Insurance contracts in nonqualified trusts consist of long-term fixed income securities, which are valued using independent vendor pricing models with observable inputs in the active market and therefore represent a Level 2 fair value measurement. The fair value of long-term debt is based on valuations from third-party banks and market quotations and is classified as Level 2 in the fair value measurement hierarchy. The fair value of obligations under finance leases, which are included in long-term debt in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets, is based on lease payments and discount rates, which are not observable in the market and therefore represents a Level 3 fair value measurement.
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As of March 31,September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, marketable securities, trade payables, short-term borrowings and the current installments of long-term debt approximate carrying values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. These items have been excluded from the table with the exception of the current installments of long-term debt.
14. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
Guarantees
The Company has agreed to guarantee or indemnify third parties for environmental and other liabilities pursuant to a variety of agreements, including asset and business divestiture agreements, leases, settlement agreements and various agreements with affiliated companies. Although many of these obligations contain monetary and/or time limitations, others do not provide such limitations.
The Company has accrued for all probable and reasonably estimable losses associated with all known matters or claims. These known obligations include the following:
Demerger Obligations
In connection with the Hoechst demerger, the Company agreed to indemnify Hoechst, and its legal successors, for various liabilities under the demerger agreement, including for environmental liabilities associated with contamination arising either from environmental damage in general ("Category A") or under 19 divestiture agreements entered into by Hoechst prior to the demerger ("Category B") (Note 9).
The Company's obligation to indemnify Hoechst, and its legal successors, is capped under Category B at €250 million. If and to the extent the environmental damage should exceed €750 million in aggregate, the Company's obligation to indemnify Hoechst
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and its legal successors applies, but is then limited to 33.33% of the remediation cost without further limitations. Cumulative payments under the divestiture agreements as of March 31,September 30, 2023 are $108$110 million. Though the Company is significantly under its obligation cap under Category B, most of the divestiture agreements have become time barred and/or any notified environmental damage claims have been partially settled.
The Company has also undertaken in the demerger agreement to indemnify Hoechst and its legal successors for (i) 33.33% of any and all Category A liabilities that result from Hoechst being held as the responsible party pursuant to public law or current or future environmental law or by third parties pursuant to private or public law related to contamination and (ii) liabilities that Hoechst is required to discharge, including tax liabilities, which are associated with businesses that were included in the demerger but were not demerged due to legal restrictions on the transfers of such items. These indemnities do not provide for any monetary or time limitations. The Company has not been requested by Hoechst to make any payments in connection with this indemnification. Accordingly, the Company has not made any payments to Hoechst and its legal successors.
Based on the Company's evaluation of currently available information, including the lack of requests for indemnification, the Company cannot estimate the remaining demerger obligations, if any, in excess of amounts accrued.
Divestiture Obligations
The Company and its predecessor companies agreed to indemnify third-party purchasers of former businesses and assets for various pre-closing conditions, as well as for breaches of representations, warranties and covenants. Such liabilities also include environmental liability, product liability, antitrust and other liabilities. These indemnifications and guarantees represent standard contractual terms associated with typical divestiture agreements and, other than environmental liabilities, the Company does not believe that they expose the Company to significant risk (Note 9).
The Company has divested numerous businesses, investments and facilities through agreements containing indemnifications or guarantees to the purchasers. Many of the obligations contain monetary and/or time limitations, which extend through 2037. The aggregate amount of outstanding indemnifications and guarantees provided for under these agreements is $126$116 million as of March 31,September 30, 2023. Other agreements do not provide for any monetary or time limitations.
Based on the Company's evaluation of currently available information, including the number of requests for indemnification or other payment received by the Company, the Company cannot estimate the remaining divestiture obligations, if any, in excess of amounts accrued.
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Purchase Obligations
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various purchase commitments for goods and services. The Company maintains a number of "take-or-pay" contracts for purchases of raw materials, utilities and other services. Certain of the contracts contain a contract termination buy-out provision that allows for the Company to exit the contracts for amounts less than the remaining take-or-pay obligations. Additionally, the Company has other outstanding commitments representing maintenance and service agreements, energy and utility agreements, consulting contracts and software agreements. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company had unconditional purchase obligations of $4.2$3.9 billion, of which $532$172 million will be paid in 2023, $675$635 million in 2024, $549$555 million in 2025, $419$436 million in 2026, $341$353 million in 2027 and the balance thereafter through 2042.
Contingencies
The Company is involved in legal and regulatory proceedings, lawsuits, claims and investigations incidental to the normal conduct of business, relating to such matters as product liability, land disputes, insurance coverage disputes, contracts, employment, antitrust or competition, intellectual property, personal injury and other actions in tort, workers' compensation, chemical exposure, asbestos exposure, taxes, trade compliance, acquisitions and divestitures, claims of current and legacy shareholders, past waste disposal practices and release of chemicals into the environment. The Company is actively defending those matters where the Company is named as a defendant and, based on the current facts, does not believe the outcomes from these matters would be material to the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
As previously reported, in July 2020, the Company settled a European Commission competition law investigation involving certain of its subsidiaries and three other companies related to certain past ethylene purchases. Shell Chemicals Europe has filed a claim for damages with the District Court of Amsterdam against four companies, including Celanese, arising from those activities, and the first court hearing was held in late September 2023. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself against this claim. While it is possible that additional parties could assert demands or claims related to this matter, based on information
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available at this time, the Company does not expect ultimate resolution of this matter to have a material impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
15. Segment Information

Engineered
Materials
Acetyl
Chain
Other
Activities
EliminationsConsolidatedEngineered
Materials
Acetyl
Chain
Other
Activities
EliminationsConsolidated
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Net salesNet sales1,630 1,250 — (27)(1)2,853 Net sales1,528 1,220 — (25)(1)2,723 
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18)
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18)
(21)(1)(1)— (23)
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18)
(15)— (2)— (17)
Operating profit (loss)Operating profit (loss)112 278 (139)— 251 Operating profit (loss)691 (2)272 (121)— 842 
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliatesEquity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates11 — 15 Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates— 12 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization112 54 — 172 Depreciation and amortization111 55 — 173 
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures45 51 12 — 108 (2)Capital expenditures51 44 24 — 119 (3)
As of March 31, 2023Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Goodwill and intangible assets, net10,800 425 — — 11,225 
Total assets18,522 5,730 1,838 — 26,090 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Net salesNet sales910 

1,652 

— (24)(1)2,538 Net sales929 1,397 — (25)(1)2,301 
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18)
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18)
(1)— — — (1)
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18)
(14)— (1)— (15)
Operating profit (loss)Operating profit (loss)124 503 (96)— 531 Operating profit (loss)114 312 (118)— 308 
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliatesEquity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates49 — 56 Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates69 — 73 
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization46 56 — 106 Depreciation and amortization43 53 — 100 
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures30 70 14 — 114 (2)Capital expenditures34 74 15 — 123 (3)
As of December 31, 2022
Goodwill and intangible assets, net10,826 421 — — 11,247 
Total assets20,611 5,471 190 — 26,272 

(1)Includes intersegment sales primarily related to the Acetyl Chain.
(2)Includes a $508 million gain related to the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture included in Gain (loss) on disposition of businesses and assets, net in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations (Note 3).
(3)Includes a decrease in accrued capital expenditures of $56$12 million and $23$16 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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Engineered
Materials
Acetyl
Chain
Other
Activities
EliminationsConsolidated
(In $ millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Net sales4,743 3,703 — (75)(1)8,371 
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18)
(44)(1)(5)— (50)
Operating profit (loss)961 (2)845 (378)— 1,428 
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates37 — 50 
Depreciation and amortization335 163 19 — 517 
Capital expenditures154 162 63 — 379 (3)
As of September 30, 2023
Goodwill and intangible assets, net10,518 417 — — 10,935 
Total assets17,478 5,528 2,532 — 25,538 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Net sales2,787 

4,608 

— (70)(1)7,325 
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18)
(14)— (1)— (15)
Operating profit (loss)404 1,243 (325)— 1,322 
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates171 10 — 189 
Depreciation and amortization134 161 14 — 309 
Capital expenditures99 231 39 — 369 (3)
As of December 31, 2022
Goodwill and intangible assets, net10,826 421 — — 11,247 
Total assets20,611 5,471 190 — 26,272 

(1)Includes intersegment sales primarily related to the Acetyl Chain.
(2)Includes a $508 million gain related to the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture included in Gain (loss) on disposition of businesses and assets, net in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations (Note 3).
(3)Includes a decrease in accrued capital expenditures of $61 million and $31 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
16. Revenue Recognition
The Company has certain contracts that represent take-or-pay revenue arrangements in which the Company's performance obligations extend over multiple years. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company had $1.4$1.1 billion of remaining performance obligations related to take-or-pay contracts. The Company expects to recognize approximately $378$156 million of its remaining performance obligations as Net sales in 2023, $460$418 million in 2024, $319$256 million in 2025 and the balance thereafter.
Contract Balances
Contract liabilities primarily relate to advances or deposits received from the Company's customers before revenue is recognized. These amounts are recorded as deferred revenue and are included in Current and Noncurrent Other liabilities in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets.
The Company does not have any material contract assets as of March 31,September 30, 2023.
Disaggregated Revenue
In general, the Company's business segmentation is aligned according to the nature and economic characteristics of its products and customer relationships and provides meaningful disaggregation of each business segment's results of operations.
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The Company manages its Engineered Materials business segment through its project management pipeline, which is comprised of a broad range of projects which are solutions-based and are tailored to each customer's unique needs. Projects are identified and selected based on success rate and may involve a number of different polymers per project for use in multiple end-use applications. Therefore, the Company is agnostic toward products and end-use markets for the Engineered Materials business segment.
The Company manages its Acetyl Chain business segment by leveraging its ability to sell chemicals externally to end-use markets or downstream to its acetate tow, intermediate chemistry, emulsion polymers, redispersible powders and ethylene vinyl acetate polymers businesses. Decisions to sell externally and geographically or downstream and along the Acetyl Chain are based on market demand, trade flows and maximizing the value of its chemicals. Therefore, the Company's strategic focus is on executing within this integrated chain model and less on driving product-specific revenue.
Further disaggregation of Net sales by business segment and geographic destination is as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
202320222023202220232022
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Engineered MaterialsEngineered MaterialsEngineered Materials
North AmericaNorth America479 289 North America449 292 1,399 865 
Europe and AfricaEurope and Africa560 377 Europe and Africa462 355 1,541 1,112 
Asia-PacificAsia-Pacific548 221 Asia-Pacific580 256 1,682 733 
South AmericaSouth America43 23 South America37 26 121 77 
TotalTotal1,630 910 Total1,528 929 4,743 2,787 
Acetyl ChainAcetyl ChainAcetyl Chain
North AmericaNorth America365 425 North America366 461 1,092 1,337 
Europe and AfricaEurope and Africa460 592 Europe and Africa395 461 1,292 1,598 
Asia-PacificAsia-Pacific367 561 Asia-Pacific406 401 1,152 1,472 
South AmericaSouth America31 50 South America28 49 92 131 
Total(1)
Total(1)
1,223 1,628 
Total(1)
1,195 1,372 3,628 4,538 

(1)Excludes intersegment sales of $27$25 million and $24$25 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Excludes intersegment sales of $75 million and $70 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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17. Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
202320222023202220232022
(In $ millions, except share data)(In $ millions, except share data)
Amounts attributable to Celanese CorporationAmounts attributable to Celanese CorporationAmounts attributable to Celanese Corporation
Earnings (loss) from continuing operationsEarnings (loss) from continuing operations94 502 Earnings (loss) from continuing operations952 192 1,265 1,134 
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operationsEarnings (loss) from discontinued operations(3)— Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations(1)(1)(3)(7)
Net earnings (loss)Net earnings (loss)91 502 Net earnings (loss)951 191 1,262 1,127 
Weighted average shares - basicWeighted average shares - basic108,634,068 108,185,912 Weighted average shares - basic108,918,986 108,428,982 108,814,288 108,336,574 
Incremental shares attributable to equity awards(1)
Incremental shares attributable to equity awards(1)
554,198 731,665 
Incremental shares attributable to equity awards(1)
520,500 636,988 523,752 822,258 
Weighted average shares - dilutedWeighted average shares - diluted109,188,266 108,917,577 Weighted average shares - diluted109,439,486 109,065,970 109,338,040 109,158,832 

(1)Excludes options to purchase 86,194219,963 and 0 shares of Common Stock for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively;respectively, and 72,574options to purchase 190,651 and 61,2970 shares of Common Stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as their effect would have been antidilutive. Excludes 0 and 181,027 equity award shares for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 42,998 and 149,272 equity award shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as their effect would have been antidilutive.
18. Other (Charges) Gains, Net
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
202320222023202220232022
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Restructuring(1)Restructuring(1)(23)(1)Restructuring(1)(7)(3)(40)(3)
Asset impairmentsAsset impairments(9)(12)(9)(12)
Plant/office closuresPlant/office closures(1)— (1)— 
TotalTotal(23)(1)Total(17)(15)(50)(15)

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $23 million of(1)Includes employee termination benefits primarily related to Company-wide business optimization projects.projects during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
The changes in the restructuring liabilities by business segment are as follows:
Engineered
Materials
Acetyl
Chain
OtherTotalEngineered
Materials
Acetyl
Chain
OtherTotal
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
Employee Termination BenefitsEmployee Termination BenefitsEmployee Termination Benefits
As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2022
AdditionsAdditions21 23 Additions34 40 
Cash paymentsCash payments(4)(1)(1)(6)Cash payments(20)(1)(4)(25)
As of March 31, 202321 23 
As of September 30, 2023As of September 30, 202318 21 
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19. Subsequent Events
On October 31, 2023, the Company announced the planned closure of its Polyamide 66 and High-Performance Nylon polymerization units at its facility in Uentrop, Germany to optimize production costs across its global network. As a result of the planned closure, the Company expects to incur exit and shutdown costs, excluding employee termination costs, of approximately $110 million to $125 million, consisting primarily of accelerated depreciation on property, plant and equipment of approximately $75 million to $85 million and plant closure costs of approximately $35 million to $40 million. In addition, the Company expects to incur certain employee termination costs, which are subject to works council consultation. All costs resulting from the planned closure are expected to be incurred during 2024.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report"), the term "Celanese" refers to Celanese Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and not its subsidiaries. The terms the "Company," "we," "our" and "us," refer to Celanese and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The term "Celanese U.S." refers to the Company's subsidiary, Celanese US Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and not its subsidiaries.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Celanese Corporation and Subsidiaries consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed on February 24, 2023 with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as part of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K ("2022 Form 10-K") and the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements herein, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP").
Investors are cautioned that the forward-looking statements contained in this section and other parts of this Quarterly Report involve both risk and uncertainty. Several important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by these statements. Many of these statements are macroeconomic in nature and are, therefore, beyond the control of management. See "Forward-Looking Statements" below and at the beginning of our 2022 Form 10-K.
Forward-Looking Statements
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") and other parts of this Quarterly Report contain certain forward-looking statements and information relating to us that are based on the beliefs of our management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, us. Generally, words such as "believe," "expect," "intend," "estimate," "anticipate," "project," "plan," "may," "can," "could," "might," and "will," and similar expressions, as they relate to us are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views and beliefs with respect to future events at the time that the statements are made, are not historical facts or guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Further, certain forward-looking statements are based upon assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate. All forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report are made as of the date hereof, and the risk that actual results will differ materially from expectations expressed in this Quarterly Report will increase with the passage of time. We undertake no obligation, and disclaim any duty, to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in our expectations or otherwise.
Risk Factors
See Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2022 Form 10-K for a description of certain risk factors that you should consider which could significantly affect our financial results. In addition, the following factors, among others, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those results, performance or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements:
changes in general economic, business, political and regulatory conditions in the countries or regions in which we operate;
volatility or changes in the price and availability of raw materials and energy, particularly changes in the demand for, supply of, and market prices of ethylene, methanol, natural gas, wood pulp and fuel oil and the prices for electricity and other energy sources;
the length and depth of product and industry business cycles particularly in the automotive, electrical, textiles, electronics and construction industries;
the ability to pass increases in raw material prices, logistics costs and other costs on to customers or otherwise improve margins through price increases;
the accuracy or inaccuracy of our beliefs or assumptions regarding anticipated benefits of the acquisition (the "M&M Acquisition") by us of the majority of the Mobility & Materials business (the "M&M Business") of DuPont de Nemours, Inc. ("DuPont");
the possibility that we will not be able to realize all of the anticipated improvements in the M&M Business's financial performance – including optimizing pricing, currency mix and inventory – or realize all of the anticipated benefits of the M&M Acquisition, including synergies and growth opportunities, within the anticipated timeframe or at all, whether as a
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result of difficulties arising from the operation or integration of the M&M Business or other unanticipated delays, costs, inefficiencies or liabilities;
increased commercial, legal or regulatory complexity of entering into, or expanding our exposure to, certain end markets and geographies;
risks in the global economy and equity and credit markets and their potential impact on our ability to pay down debt in the future and/or refinance at suitable rates, in a timely manner, or at all;
diversion of management's attention from ongoing business operations and opportunities and other disruption caused by the M&M Acquisition and the integration processes and their impact on our existing business and relationships;
risks and costs associated with increased leverage from the M&M Acquisition, including increased interest expense and potential reduction of business and strategic flexibility;
the ability to maintain plant utilization rates and to implement planned capacity additions, expansions and maintenance;
the ability to reduce or maintain current levels of production costs and to improve productivity by implementing technological improvements to existing plants;
increased price competition and the introduction of competing products by other companies;
the ability to identify desirable potential acquisition or divestiture opportunities and to complete such transactions, including obtaining regulatory approvals, consistent with our strategy;
market acceptance of our products and technology;
compliance and other costs and potential disruption or interruption of production or operations due to accidents, interruptions in sources of raw materials, transportation, logistics or supply chain disruptions, cybersecurity incidents, terrorism or political unrest, public health crises (including, but not limited to, the COVID-19 pandemic), or other unforeseen events or delays in construction or operation of facilities, including as a result of geopolitical conditions, the occurrence of acts of war (such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict) or terrorist incidents or as a result of weather, natural disasters, or other crises;
the ability to obtain governmental approvals and to construct facilities on terms and schedules acceptable to us;
changes in applicable tariffs, duties and trade agreements, tax rates or legislation throughout the world including, but not limited to, adjustments, changes in estimates or interpretations or the resolution of tax examinations or audits that may impact recorded or future tax impacts and potential regulatory and legislative tax developments in the United States and other jurisdictions;
changes in the degree of intellectual property and other legal protection afforded to our products or technologies, or the theft of such intellectual property;
potential liability for remedial actions and increased costs under existing or future environmental, health and safety regulations, including those relating to climate change or other sustainability matters;
potential liability resulting from pending or future claims or litigation, including investigations or enforcement actions, or from changes in the laws, regulations or policies of governments or other governmental activities, in the countries in which we operate;
changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates; and
various other factors, both referenced and not referenced in this Quarterly Report.
Many of these factors are macroeconomic in nature and are, therefore, beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, affect us in ways or to an extent that we currently do not expect or consider to be significant, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results, performance or achievements may vary materially from those described in this Quarterly Report as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, planned or projected. We neither intend nor assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates.
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Overview
We are a global chemical and specialty materials company. We are a leading global producer of high performance engineered polymers that are used in a variety of high-value applications, as well as one of the world's largest producers of acetyl products, which are intermediate chemicals, for nearly all major industries. As a recognized innovator in the chemicals industry, we engineer and manufacture a wide variety of products essential to everyday living. Our broad product portfolio serves a diverse set of end-use applications including automotive, chemical additives, construction, consumer and industrial adhesives, medical, consumer electronics, energy storage, filtration, food and beverage, paints and coatings, paper and packaging, performance industrial and textiles. Our products enjoy leading global positions due to our differentiated business models, large global production capacity, operating efficiencies, proprietary technology and competitive cost structures.
Our large and diverse global customer base primarily consists of major companies across a broad array of industries. We hold geographically balanced global positions and participate in diversified end-use applications. We combine a demonstrated track record of execution, strong performance built on differentiated business models and a clear focus on growth and value creation. Known for operational excellence, reliability and execution of our business strategies, we partner with our customers around the globe to deliver best-in-class technologies and solutions.
On September 27, 2023, we formed a food ingredients joint venture with Mitsui & Co., Ltd. ("Mitsui") under the name Nutrinova. We will account for our interest in the joint venture as an equity method investment, and our portion of the results will continue to be included in the Engineered Materials segment. See Note 3 - Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information.
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Results of Operations
Financial Highlights
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022Change20232022Change20232022Change
(unaudited)(unaudited)
(In $ millions, except percentages)(In $ millions, except percentages)
Statement of Operations DataStatement of Operations DataStatement of Operations Data
Net salesNet sales2,853 2,538 315 Net sales2,723 2,301 422 8,371 7,325 1,046 
Gross profitGross profit631 745 (114)Gross profit673 546 127 1,990 1,996 (6)
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expensesSelling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses(285)(174)(111)Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses(244)(184)(60)(803)(555)(248)
Other (charges) gains, netOther (charges) gains, net(23)(1)(22)Other (charges) gains, net(17)(15)(2)(50)(15)(35)
Gain (loss) on disposition of businesses and assets, netGain (loss) on disposition of businesses and assets, net503 (2)505 508 501 
Operating profit (loss)Operating profit (loss)251 531 (280)Operating profit (loss)842 308 534 1,428 1,322 106 
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliatesEquity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates15 56 (41)Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates12 73 (61)50 189 (139)
Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) incomeNon-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income24 (23)Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income(1)25 (26)(2)74 (76)
Interest expenseInterest expense(182)(35)(147)Interest expense(178)(154)(24)(542)(237)(305)
Interest incomeInterest incomeInterest income12 34 (22)27 36 (9)
Dividend income - equity investmentsDividend income - equity investments34 37 (3)Dividend income - equity investments30 30 — 95 103 (8)
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before taxEarnings (loss) from continuing operations before tax121 616 (495)Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before tax714 321 393 1,051 1,491 (440)
Earnings (loss) from continuing operationsEarnings (loss) from continuing operations96 504 (408)Earnings (loss) from continuing operations950 194 756 1,266 1,140 126 
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operationsEarnings (loss) from discontinued operations(3)— (3)Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations(1)(1)— (3)(7)
Net earnings (loss)Net earnings (loss)93 504 (411)Net earnings (loss)949 193 756 1,263 1,133 130 
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese CorporationNet earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation91 502 (411)Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation951 191 760 1,262 1,127 135 
Other DataOther DataOther Data
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization172 106 66 Depreciation and amortization173 100 73 517 309 208 
SG&A expenses as a percentage of Net salesSG&A expenses as a percentage of Net sales10.0 %6.9 %SG&A expenses as a percentage of Net sales9.0 %8.0 %9.6 %7.6 %
Operating margin(1)
Operating margin(1)
8.8 %20.9 %
Operating margin(1)
30.9 %13.4 %17.1 %18.0 %
Other (charges) gains, netOther (charges) gains, netOther (charges) gains, net
RestructuringRestructuring(23)(1)(22)Restructuring(7)(3)(4)(40)(3)(37)
Asset impairmentsAsset impairments(9)(12)(9)(12)
Plant/office closuresPlant/office closures(1)— (1)(1)— (1)
Total Other (charges) gains, netTotal Other (charges) gains, net(23)(1)(22)Total Other (charges) gains, net(17)(15)(2)(50)(15)(35)

(1)Defined as Operating profit (loss) divided by Net sales.
As of
September 30,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(unaudited)
(In $ millions)
Balance Sheet Data
Cash and cash equivalents1,357 1,508 
Short-term borrowings and current installments of long-term debt - third party and affiliates1,408 1,306 
Long-term debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs12,291 13,373 
Total debt13,699 14,679 
30
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As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(unaudited)
(In $ millions)
Balance Sheet Data
Cash and cash equivalents1,167 1,508 
Short-term borrowings and current installments of long-term debt - third party and affiliates1,386 1,306 
Long-term debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs13,396 13,373 
Total debt14,782 14,679 
Factors Affecting Business Segment Net Sales
The percentage increase (decrease) in Net sales attributable to each of the factors indicated for each of our business segments is as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2022
VolumePriceCurrencyTotalVolumePriceCurrencyTotal
(unaudited)(unaudited)
(In percentages)(In percentages)
Engineered MaterialsEngineered Materials80 (3)79 Engineered Materials75 (12)64 
Acetyl ChainAcetyl Chain(9)(13)(2)(24)Acetyl Chain(18)(13)
Total CompanyTotal Company23 (8)(3)12 Total Company33 (16)18 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
VolumePriceCurrencyTotal
(unaudited)
(In percentages)
Engineered Materials77 (6)(1)70 
Acetyl Chain(1)(18)(1)(20)
Total Company28 (13)(1)14 
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Consolidated Results
Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2022
Net sales increased $315$422 million, or 12%18%, for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
higher volume in our Engineered Materials segment, primarily related to the M&M Acquisition, as well as our acquisitionAcetyl Chain segment, due to increased opportunities from industry outages in Asia;
partially offset by:
lower pricing, primarily driven by our Acetyl Chain segment due to weaker economic conditions particularly in Asia and Europe, as well as our Engineered Materials segment due to decreased energy surcharges, an unfavorable product mix, primarily in Asia and Europe, and market considerations.
Operating profit increased $534 million, or 173%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
a gain of $508 million in our Engineered Materials segment recognized on the formation of the majorityNutrinova joint venture (see Note 3 - Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information);
higher Net sales in our Engineered Materials segment; and
lower raw material and sourcing costs in our Acetyl Chain segment, primarily for methanol, acid and ethylene;
partially offset by:
higher raw material costs and spending in our Engineered Materials segment as a result of the Mobility &M&M Acquisition; and
lower Net sales in our Acetyl Chain segment.
Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income decreased $26 million, or 104%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
higher interest cost and lower expected return on plan assets.
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates decreased $61 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
a decrease in equity investment in earnings of $34 million from our Ibn Sina strategic affiliate, primarily as a result of reduced oil prices; and
losses from our DuPont Teijin Films strategic affiliates due to restructuring.
Depreciation and amortization, which is included in Operating profit, increased for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily as a result of the M&M Acquisition.
Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was (33)% compared to 40% for the same period in 2022. The lower effective income tax rate was primarily due to deferred tax benefits of $293 million from the relocation of certain intangible assets to align with the foreign operations acquired in the M&M Acquisition, differences in the tax and U.S. GAAP gain from the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture, decreased earnings in high taxed jurisdictions related to current demand conditions and a decrease in valuation allowances on U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards due to revised forecasts of foreign sourced income and expenses during the carryforward period. See Note 11 - Income Taxes in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Net sales increased $1.0 billion, or 14%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
higher volume in our Engineered Materials business (the "Msegment, primarily related to the M&M Business")Acquisition and the Korea Engineering Plastics Co.KEPCO restructuring (see Note 3 - Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information);
partially offset by:
lower pricing, primarily in our Acetyl Chain segment due to weaker economic conditions particularly in Asia and Europe and in our Engineered Materials segment due to decreased energy surcharges, market considerations, and an unfavorable product mix, particularly in Asia and Europe;
lower volume in our Acetyl Chain segment, primarily due to decreased demand in Europe partially offset by increased opportunities from industry outages in Asia; and
an unfavorable currency impact, primarily resulting from a weaker CNY relative to the U.S. dollar, partially offset by a stronger euro relative to the U.S. dollar.
Operating profit increased $106 million, or 8%, Ltd. ("KEPCO") restructuringfor the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
higher Net sales in our Engineered Materials segment;
a gain of $508 million in our Engineered Materials segment recognized on the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture (see Note 3 - Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information); and
higher pricing in our Engineered Materials segment, due to product mix and pricing actions to address higherlower raw material costs;
partially offset by:
lower pricing in our Acetyl Chain segment due to weaker economic conditions particularly in Asia;
lower volumeand sourcing costs in our Acetyl Chain segment, primarily due to decreased demand, primarily in Europe;for methanol, ethylene and acid;
an unfavorable currency impact resulting from a weaker euro relative to the U.S. dollar.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $111 million, or 64%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
an increase in spending of approximately $114 million in our Engineered Materials segment and Other Activities primarily related to our acquisition of the M&M Business.
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Operating profit decreased $280 million, or 53%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:partially offset by:
higher raw material costs and spending in our Engineered Materials segment as a result of our acquisition of the M&M Business; andAcquisition;
lower Net sales in our Acetyl Chain segment;
partially offset by:
higher Net sales in our Engineered Materials segment; and
lower raw materialan unfavorable impact of $35 million to Other (charges) gains, net primarily related to Company-wide business optimization projects in the current year (see Note 18 - Other (Charges) Gains, Net in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information).
Non-operating pension and sourcing costs in our Acetyl Chain segment.
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliatesother postretirement employee benefit (expense) income decreased $41$76 million, or 103%, for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
a decreasehigher interest cost and lower expected return on plan assets.
Equity in equity investmentnet earnings (loss) of affiliates decreased $139 million or 74% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in earnings of $15 million as a result of our KEPCO strategic affiliate restructuring; and2022, primarily due to:
losses from our DuPont Teijin Films Luxembourg S.A., DuPont Teijin Films UK Ltd. and DuPont Teijin Films US Limited Partnership (collectively "DuPont Teijin Films") strategic affiliates due to restructuring.restructuring; and
a decrease in equity investment in earnings of $45 million from our Ibn Sina strategic affiliate, primarily as a result of reduced oil prices.
Depreciation and amortization, which is included in Operating profit, increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily as a result of the M&M Acquisition.
Our effective income tax rate for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 was 21%(20)% compared to 18%24% for the same period in 2022. The higherlower effective income tax rate was primarily due to increasesdeferred tax benefits of $293 million from the relocation of
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certain intangible assets to align with the foreign operations acquired in the M&M Acquisition, differences in the tax and U.S. GAAP gain from the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture, decreased earnings in high taxed jurisdictions related to current demand conditions and a decrease in valuation allowances on U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards due to revised forecasts of foreign sourced income and expenses during the carryforward period, partially offset by increased earnings in low taxed jurisdictions during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (seeperiod. See Note 11 - Income Taxes in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information).information.
Business Segments
Engineered Materials
Three Months Ended March 31,Change%
Change
Three Months Ended September 30,Change%
Change
Nine Months Ended September 30,Change%
Change
202320222023202220232022
(unaudited)(unaudited)
(In $ millions, except percentages)(In $ millions, except percentages)
Net salesNet sales1,630 910 720 79.1 %Net sales1,528 929 599 64.5 %4,743 2,787 1,956 70.2 %
Net Sales VarianceNet Sales VarianceNet Sales Variance
VolumeVolume80 %Volume75 %77 %
PricePrice%Price(12)%(6)%
CurrencyCurrency(3)%Currency%(1)%
Other— %
Other (charges) gains, netOther (charges) gains, net(21)(1)(20)(2,000.0)%Other (charges) gains, net(15)(14)(1)(7.1)%(44)(14)(30)(214.3)%
Operating profit (loss)Operating profit (loss)112 124 (12)(9.7)%Operating profit (loss)691 114 577 506.1 %961 404 557 137.9 %
Operating marginOperating margin6.9 %13.6 %Operating margin45.2 %12.3 %20.3 %14.5 %
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliatesEquity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates11 49 (38)(77.6)%Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates69 (61)(88.4)%37 171 (134)(78.4)%
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization112 46 66 143.5 %Depreciation and amortization111 43 68 158.1 %335 134 201 150.0 %
Our Engineered Materials segment includes our engineered materials business, our food ingredients business and certain strategic affiliates. Our engineered materials business develops, produces and supplies a broad portfolio of high performance specialty polymers for automotive and medical applications, as well as industrial products and consumer electronics. Together with our strategic affiliates, our engineered materials business is a leading participant in the global specialty polymers industry.
The pricing of products within the Engineered Materials segment is primarily based on the value of the material we produce and is generally independent of changes in the cost of raw materials, but may be impacted during periods of inflation and increased
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costs. Therefore, in general, margins may expand or contract in response to changes in raw material costs. We attempt to address increases in raw material costs through appropriate pricing actions.
Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2022
Net sales increased for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
higher volume, primarily related to the M&M Acquisition;
partially offset by:
lower pricing for most of our acquisitionproducts, primarily due to decreased energy surcharges, an unfavorable product mix, particularly in Asia and Europe, and market considerations.
Operating profit increased for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
a gain of $508 million recognized on the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture (see Note 3 - Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information); and
higher Net sales;
partially offset by:
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higher raw material costs as a result of the M&M BusinessAcquisition; and
higher spending of $133 million as a result of the M&M Acquisition.
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
a decrease in equity investment in earnings of $34 million from our Ibn Sina strategic affiliate, primarily as a result of reduced oil prices; and
losses from our DuPont Teijin Films strategic affiliates due to restructuring.
Depreciation and amortization, which is included in Operating profit, increased for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 as a result of the M&M Acquisition.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Net sales increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
higher volume, primarily related to the M&M Acquisition and the KEPCO restructuring (see Note 3 - Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information); and
partially offset by:
higherlower pricing for most of our products, primarily due to decreased energy surcharges, market considerations, and an unfavorable product mix, primarily in Asia and pricing actions to address higher raw material costs;Europe; and
partially offset by:
an unfavorable currency impact, primarily resulting from a weaker CNY relative to the U.S. dollar, partially offset by a stronger euro relative to the U.S. dollar.
Operating profit decreasedincreased for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
higher Net sales; and
a gain of $508 million recognized on the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture (see Note 3 - Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information);
partially offset by:
higher raw material costs as a result of our acquisition of the M&M Business;Acquisition;
higher spending of $187$507 million as a result of our acquisition of the M&M Business;Acquisition; and
an unfavorable impact of $20$30 million to Other (charges) gains, net. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded $21 million of employee termination benefitsnet primarily related to Company-wide business optimization projects in the current year (see Note 18 - Other (Charges) Gains, Net in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information);
largely offset by:
higher Net sales..
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates decreased for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
a decrease in equity investment in earnings of $15 million as a result of our KEPCO strategic affiliate restructuring; and
losses from our DuPont Teijin Films strategic affiliates due to restructuring.restructuring; and
a decrease in equity investment in earnings of $45 million from our Ibn Sina strategic affiliate, primarily as a result of reduced oil prices.
Depreciation and amortization, which is included in Operating profit, increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 as a result of the M&M Acquisition.
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Acetyl Chain
Three Months Ended March 31,Change%
Change
Three Months Ended September 30,Change%
Change
Nine Months Ended September 30,Change%
Change
202320222023202220232022
(unaudited)(unaudited)
(In $ millions, except percentages)(In $ millions, except percentages)
Net salesNet sales1,250 1,652 (402)(24.3)%Net sales1,220 1,397 (177)(12.7)%3,703 4,608 (905)(19.6)%
Net Sales VarianceNet Sales VarianceNet Sales Variance
VolumeVolume(9)%Volume%(1)%
PricePrice(13)%Price(18)%(18)%
CurrencyCurrency(2)%Currency%(1)%
Other— %
Operating profit (loss)Operating profit (loss)278 503 (225)(44.7)%Operating profit (loss)272 312 (40)(12.8)%845 1,243 (398)(32.0)%
Operating marginOperating margin22.2 %30.4 % Operating margin22.3 %22.3 % 22.8 %27.0 %
Dividend income - equity investmentsDividend income - equity investments33 36 (3)(8.3)%Dividend income - equity investments30 30 — — %93 102 (9)(8.8)%
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization54 56 (2)(3.6)%Depreciation and amortization55 53 3.8 %163 161 1.2 %
Our Acetyl Chain segment, which includes the integrated chain of our intermediate chemistry, emulsion polymers, ethylene vinyl acetate polymers, redispersible powders and acetate tow businesses, is active in every major global industrial sector and serves diverse consumer end-use applications. These include conventional uses, such as paints, coatings, adhesives, and filter products, as well as other unique, high-value end uses including flexible packaging, thermal laminations, pharmaceuticals, wire and cable, and compounds. Together with our strategic affiliates, our Acetyl Chain businesses are leading producers and suppliers in multiple global industrial sectors.
The pricing of products within the Acetyl Chain is influenced by industry utilization rates and changes in the cost of raw materials. Therefore, in general, there is a directional correlation between these factors and our Net sales for most Acetyl Chain products. This impact to pricing typically lags changes in raw material costs over months or quarters.
Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2022
Net sales decreased for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
lower pricing for most of our products, primarily vinyl acetate monomer ("VAM"), emulsion polymers and acid, due to weaker economic conditions particularly in Asia and Europe, partially offset by higher pricing for acetate tow;
lower volume for most of our products due to decreased demand, primarily in Europe; andpartially offset by:
an unfavorable currency impact resultinghigher volume due to increased opportunities from a weaker euro relative to the U.S. dollar.industry outages in Asia.
Operating profit decreased for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
lower Net sales;
partially offset by:
lower raw material and sourcing costs, primarily for ethylene,methanol, acid and VAM.ethylene.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Net sales decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
lower pricing for most of our products, primarily VAM, acid and emulsion polymers, due to weaker economic conditions particularly in Asia and Europe, partially offset by higher pricing for acetate tow;
lower volume for most of our products due to decreased demand, primarily in Europe, partially offset by increased opportunities from industry outages in Asia; and
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an unfavorable currency impact, primarily resulting from a weaker CNY relative to the U.S. dollar, partially offset by a stronger euro relative to the U.S. dollar.
Operating profit decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
lower Net sales;
partially offset by:
lower raw material and sourcing costs, primarily for methanol, ethylene and acid.
Other Activities
Three Months Ended March 31,Change%
Change
Three Months Ended September 30,Change%
Change
Nine Months Ended September 30,Change%
Change
202320222023202220232022
(unaudited)(unaudited)
(In $ millions, except percentages)(In $ millions, except percentages)
Operating profit (loss)Operating profit (loss)(139)(96)(43)(44.8)%Operating profit (loss)(121)(118)(3)(2.5)%(378)(325)(53)(16.3)%
Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) incomeNon-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income24 (23)(95.8)%Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income(1)25 (26)(104.0)%(2)74 (76)(102.7)%
Other Activities primarily consists of corporate center costs, including administrative activities such as finance, information technology and human resource functions, interest income and expense associated with financing activities and results of our captive insurance companies. Other Activities also includes the components of net periodic benefit cost (interest cost, expected return on assets and net actuarial gains and losses) for our defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement plans not allocated to our business segments.
Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2022
Operating loss increased for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
higher functional and project spending of $46$21 million, primarily related to our acquisition of the M&M Business.Acquisition;
partially offset by:
lower functional spending and incentive compensation costs of $16 million.
Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income decreased for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
higher interest cost and lower expected return on plan assets.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Operating loss increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
higher project and functional spending of $78 million, primarily related to the M&M Acquisition;
partially offset by:
a favorable currency impact of $25 million.
Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
higher interest cost and lower expected return on plan assets.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations, available cash and cash equivalents, dividends from our portfolio of strategic investments and available borrowings under our senior U.S. unsecured revolving credit facility.facility and our China Revolving Credit Facility (defined below). As of March 31,September 30, 2023, we have $1.75 billion available for borrowing under our senior U.S. unsecured revolving credit facility and $37$35 million available for borrowing under our separate China Revolving Credit Facility, (defined below), if required, in meetingto meet our working capital needs and other contractual obligations. In addition, we held cash and cash equivalents of $1.2$1.4 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2023. We are actively managing our business to maintain and improve cash flow and reduce our debt and we believe that liquidity from the above-referenced sources will be sufficient to meet our operational and capital investment needs and financial obligations for the foreseeable future.
On October 31, 2023, we announced the planned closure of our Polyamide 66 and High-Performance Nylon polymerization units at our facility in Uentrop, Germany to optimize production costs across our global network. As a result of the planned closure, we expect to incur exit and shutdown costs, excluding employee termination costs, of approximately $110 million to $125 million, consisting primarily of accelerated depreciation on property, plant and equipment of approximately $75 million to $85 million and plant closure costs of approximately $35 million to $40 million. In addition, we expect to incur certain employee termination costs, which are subject to works council consultation. All costs resulting from the planned closure are expected to be incurred during 2024.
On September 27, 2023, we formed a food ingredients joint venture with Mitsui & Co., Ltd. ("Mitsui") under the name Nutrinova. We contributed receivables, inventory, property, plant and equipment, certain assets, other liabilities, technology and employees of our food ingredients business while retaining a 30% interest in the joint venture. Mitsui acquired the remaining 70% interest in the food ingredients business for a purchase price of $503 million, subject to transaction adjustments. We are accounting for our interest in the joint venture as an equity method investment, and our portion of the results continue to be included in the Engineered Materials segment. For further information regarding the food ingredients joint venture, see Note 3 - Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
In November 2022, we acquired a majority of the M&M Business for a purchase price of $11.0 billion, subject to transaction adjustments, in an all-cash transaction. For further information regarding the acquisition, see Note 3 - Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
Our incurrence of debt to finance the purchase price for the M&M Acquisition has increased our leverage and our ratio of indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA as set forth in our senior unsecured credit facilities. We believe that cash flows from our operations, together with cash generation, synergy opportunities from the M&M Acquisition and cost reduction initiatives, will support our deleveraging efforts over the next few years. In furtherance of these deleveraging efforts, we have paused our share repurchase program and are in the process of evaluating additional cash generation opportunities which may also include, in addition to the food ingredients joint venture described above, additional opportunistic dispositiondispositions or monetization of other product or business lines or other assets. We are committed to rapid deleveraging and to maintaining our investment grade debt rating.
While our contractual obligations, commitments and debt service requirements over the next several years are significant, we continue to believe we will have available resources to meet our liquidity requirements, including debt service, for the next twelve months. If our cash flow from operations is insufficient to fund our debt service and other obligations, we may be required to use other means available to us such as increasing our borrowings, reducing or delaying capital expenditures, seeking additional capital or seeking to restructure or refinance our indebtedness. There can be no assurance, however, that we will continue to generate cash flows at or above current levels.
We continue to prioritize those projects expected to drive productivity in the near term and expect capital expenditures to be approximately $500 million in 2023, primarily associated with certain investments in growth opportunities and productivity improvements. In Engineered Materials, at our Nanjing, China facility, our expansions of (1) the compounding plant is in construction and (2) the new liquid crystal polymer ("LCP") plant isare in detailed engineering design.construction. Our energy optimization productivity project at our polyoxymethylene ("POM") unit in Frankfurt, Germany is in front enddetailed engineering design. In the Acetyl Chain, our planned expansion of our acetic acid unit at Clear Lake, Texas is on track to be mechanically completecommissioned in the secondfirst quarter with start-up scheduled for the third quarter.of 2024. The other major projects that support the Acetyl Chain are in various stages of construction and on schedule, which include our planned expansions of (1) our vinyl acetate ethylene ("VAE") emulsions units in Nanjing, China, (2) our VAE emulsion plant in Frankfurt, Germany and (3) our vinyl acetate monomer ("VAM") plant in Bay City, Texas, (4) the sustainable production of methanol ("MeOH") at our Fairway joint venture MeOH unit in Clear Lake, Texas using captured carbon dioxide as feedstock. The expansion of our VAM plant in Bay City, Texas is on temporary hold. We continue to see the incremental capacity from investments made in recent years strengthen our manufacturing network reliability to best serve our customers.
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On a stand-alone basis, Celanese and its immediate 100% owned subsidiary, Celanese U.S., have no independent external operations of their own. Accordingly, they generally depend on the cash flow of their subsidiaries and their ability to pay dividends and make other distributions to Celanese and Celanese U.S. in order to meet their obligations, including their obligations under senior credit facilities and senior notes, and to pay dividends on our Common Stock.
We are subject to capital controls and exchange restrictions imposed by the local governments in certain jurisdictions where we operate, such as China, South Korea, India and Indonesia. Capital controls impose limitations on our ability to exchange currencies, repatriate earnings or capital, lend via intercompany loans or create cross-border cash pooling arrangements. Our largest exposure to a country with capital controls is in China. Pursuant to applicable regulations, foreign-invested enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, the Chinese government imposes certain currency exchange controls on cash transfers out of China, puts certain limitations on duration, purpose and amount of intercompany loans, and restricts cross-border cash pooling. While it is possible that future tightening of these restrictions or application of new similar restrictions could impact us, these limitations do not currently restrict our operations.
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We remain in compliance with the covenants in the Global Credit Agreements (defined below, and as amended to date) and expect to remain in compliance based on our current expectation of future results of operations.operations and planned cash generation activities. If ourthe actual future results of our operations and cash generation activities differ materially from these expectations, we may be required to seek an amendment to or waiver of any impacted covenants, which may increase our borrowing costs under the Global Credit Agreements.
Cash Flows
Cash and cash equivalents decreased $341$151 million to $1.2$1.4 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, $1.0$1.1 billion of the $1.2$1.4 billion of cash and cash equivalents was held by our foreign subsidiaries. Under the TCJA, we have incurred a prior year charge associated with the deemed repatriation of previously unremitted foreign earnings, including foreign held cash. These funds are largely accessible over a period of time without additional material tax consequences, if needed in the U.S., to fund operations.
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
Net cash used inprovided by operating activities increased $412decreased $209 million to $96 million$1.1 billion for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $316 million$1.3 billion for the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
a decrease in Net earnings;earnings performance, net of the gain recognized on the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture (see Note 3 - Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information); and
an increase in cash interest paid of $243$578 million;
partially offset by:
favorable trade working capital of $30$471 million, primarily due to the timing of collections of trade receivables, inventory buildsreduction due to lower volume, lower raw materials costs and cost of inventory, and settlement of trade payables during the threenine months ended March 31, 2023.September 30, 2023; and
cash receipts of non-trade receivables of $153 million, primarily related to the receivable balances arising from the M&M Acquisition and transaction activities.
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Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities increased $462 million to $34 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to net cash used in investing activities increased $29of $428 million to $178 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022; primarily due to:
an increasea cash inflow of $27$461 million related to the formation of the Nutrinova joint venture (see Note 3 - Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closuresin capital expenditures during the three months ended March 31, 2023.accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information).
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities decreased $26 millionincreased $9.6 billion to $69 million$1.2 billion for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $8.3 billion for the same period in 2022, primarily due to:
a decrease in net proceeds of long-term debt of $9.5 billion, primarily due to the Tender Offer (defined below) of $2.25 billion, payment in full of the 3-year Term Loans (defined below) of $750 million, redemption of the 1.125% senior unsecured notes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and issuance of the Acquisition Notes during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (see Note 7 - Debt in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information), partially offset by the 2023 Offering (defined below) of $3.0 billion in principal amount during the nine months ended September 30, 2023; and
an increase in net payments on short-term debt of $180 million, primarily as a result of payments on our revolving credit facilities and payment in full of the 364-day Terms Loans (defined below) partially offset by borrowings on our revolving credit facilities and China Working Capital Term Loan Agreement (defined below);
partially offset by:
a payment of $44$63 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022 for fees related to a bridge facility commitment letter with Bank of America, N.A. ("Bank of America") pursuant to which Bank of America has committed to provide, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, a 364-day $11.0 billion senior unsecured bridge term loan facility, (the "Bridge Facility"), which payment did not recur in the current year; and
partially offset by:
a decrease in net borrowings on short-term debtshare repurchases of $36our Common Stock of $17 million primarily as a result of higher borrowings under our revolving credit facilities, which did not recur induring the current year.nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Debt and Other Obligations
In March 2022, we entered into a term loan credit agreement (the "March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement"), pursuant to which lenders have committed to provideprovided a tranche of delayed-draw term loans due 364 days from issuance in an amount equal to $500 million (the "364-day Term Loans") and a tranche of delayed-draw term loans due 5 years from issuance in an amount equal to $1.0 billion.billion (the "5-year Term Loans"). In September 2022, we entered into an additional term loan credit agreement (the "September 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement" and, together with the March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement, the "U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreements"), pursuant to which lenders have committed to provideprovided delayed-draw term loans due 3 years from issuance in an amount equal to $750 million (the term loans represented by"3-year Term Loans" and collectively with the U.S.364-day Term Loan Credit Agreements collectively,Loans and the 5-year Term Loans, the "U.S. Term Loan Facility").
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The U.S. Term Loan Facility was fully drawn during the three months ended December 31, 2022.
Also in March 2022, we entered into a new revolving credit agreement (the "U.S. Revolving Credit Agreement" and, together with the March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit AgreementsAgreement, the "U.S. Credit Agreements") consisting of a $1.75 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (with a letter of credit sublimit), maturing in 2027. The proceeds of a $365 million borrowing under the new senior unsecured revolving credit facility were used to repay and terminate our then-existing revolving credit facility.
On February 21, 2023, we amended certain covenants in the U.S. Credit Agreements, including financial ratio maintenance covenants. The U.S. Credit Agreements are guaranteed by Celanese, Celanese U.S. and domestic subsidiaries together representing substantially all of the Company'sour U.S. assets and business operations.
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On January 4, 2023, Celanese (Shanghai) International Trading Co., Ltd ("CSIT"), a fully consolidated subsidiary, entered into a restatement of an existing credit facility agreement (the "China Revolving Credit Agreement") to upsize and modify the facility thereunder to consist of an aggregate CNY1.75 billion uncommitted senior unsecured revolving credit facility available under two tranches (with overdraft, bank guarantee and documentary credit sublimits) (the "China Revolving Credit Facility"). Obligations bear interest at certain fixed and floating rates. The China Revolving Credit Agreement is guaranteed by Celanese U.S.
Also onOn January 6, 2023, CSIT entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan contract for CNY800 million (the "China Working Capital Term Loan Agreement", together with the China Revolving Credit Agreement, the "China Credit Agreements," and the China Credit Agreements together with the U.S. Credit Agreements, the "Global Credit Agreements"), payable 12 months from withdrawal date and bearing interest at 0.5% less than certain interbank rates. The loan under the China Working Capital Term Loan Agreement was fully drawn on January 10, 2023 and is supported by a letter of comfort from us. We expect the China Credit Agreements will facilitate our efficient repatriation of cash to the U.S. to repay debt and effectively redomicile a portion of our U.S. debt to China at a lower average interest rate.
On August 24, 2023, we completed a public offering registered under the Securities Act of senior unsecured notes as follows (collectively, the "2023 Offering"):
Maturity DateAggregate Principal
Amount Issued
Discount to ParInterest Rate
(In $ millions)
November 15, 20281,000 99.986%6.350%
November 15, 2030999 99.950%6.550%
November 15, 20331,000 99.992%6.700%
On August 25, 2023, we completed a cash tender offer for $2.25 billion in aggregate principal amount (the "Tender Offer") as follows:
Maturity DateAggregate Principal Amount TenderedPurchase price per $1,000 principal amountTotal Tender Offer ConsiderationAccrued and Unpaid Interest
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
June 30, 20241,473 $999.92 1,473 12 
March 15, 2025750 $1,002.85 752 20 
April 30, 202427 $983.95 27 — 
The net proceeds from the 2023 Offering were used (i) to fund the Tender Offer and (ii) for repayment of other outstanding indebtedness, including the payment in full of the 364-day Term Loans and the 3-year Term Loans.
There have been no material changes to our debt or other obligations described in our 2022 Form 10-K other than those disclosed above and in Note 7 - Debt in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
Accounts Receivable Purchasing Facility
InOn June 2021,1, 2023, we entered into an amendment to the amended and restated receivables purchase agreement under our U.S. accounts receivable purchasing facility among certain of our subsidiaries, our wholly-owned, "bankruptcy remote" special purpose subsidiary ("SPE") and certain global financial institutions ("Purchasers"). We de-recognized $249 million$1.0 billion and $1.1 billion of accounts receivable under this agreement for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and twelve monthsyear ended December 31, 2022, respectively, and collected $249$977 million and $1.1 billion of accounts receivable sold under this agreement during the same periods. Unsold U.S. accounts receivable of $109$110 million were pledged by the SPE as collateral to the Purchasers as of March 31,September 30, 2023.
Factoring and Discounting Agreements
We have factoring agreements in Europe and Singapore with financial institutions to sell 100% and 90% of certain accounts receivable, respectively, on a non-recourse basis. We de-recognized $87$305 million and $320 million of accounts receivable under these factoring agreements for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and twelve monthsyear ended December 31, 2022, respectively, and collected $82$294 million and $325 million of accounts receivable sold under these factoring agreements during the same periods.
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Covenants
We are in compliance with the covenants in our material financing arrangements as of March 31,September 30, 2023.
See Note 7 - Debt in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information.
Guarantor Financial Information
We have outstanding senior unsecured notes, issued in public offerings registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (collectively, the "Senior Notes"). The Senior Notes were issued by Celanese U.S. ("Issuer") and are guaranteed by Celanese Corporation ("Parent Guarantor") and the Subsidiary Guarantors (collectively the "Obligor Group"). See Note 7 - Debt in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information. The Issuer and Subsidiary Guarantors are 100% owned subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor. The Subsidiary Guarantors are listed in Exhibit 22.1 to this Quarterly Report.
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The Parent Guarantor and the Subsidiary Guarantors have guaranteed the Senior Notes on a full and unconditional, joint and several, senior unsecured basis. The guarantees are subject to certain customary release provisions, including that a Subsidiary Guarantor will be released from its respective guarantee in specified circumstances, including (i) the sale or transfer of all of its assets or capital stock; (ii) its merger or consolidation with, or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets to, another person; or (iii) its ceasing to be a majority-owned subsidiary of the Issuer in connection with any sale of its capital stock or other transaction. Additionally, a Subsidiary Guarantor will be released from its guarantee of the Senior Notes at such time that it ceases to guarantee the Issuer's obligations under the U.SU.S. Credit Agreements (subject to the satisfaction of customary document delivery requirements). The obligations of the Subsidiary Guarantors under their guarantees are limited as necessary to prevent such guarantees from constituting a fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer under applicable law.
The Parent Guarantor and the Issuer are holding companies that conduct substantially all of their operations through their subsidiaries, which own substantially all of our consolidated assets. The Parent Guarantor has no material assets other than the stock of its immediate 100% owned subsidiary, the Issuer. The principal source of cash to pay the Parent Guarantor's and the Issuer's obligations, including obligations under the Senior Notes and the guarantee of the Issuer's obligations under the U.SU.S. Credit Agreements, is the cash that our subsidiaries generate from their operations. Each of the Subsidiary Guarantors and our non-guarantor subsidiaries is a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, applicable country or state laws, regulatory limitations and terms of other debt instruments may limit our subsidiaries' ability to distribute cash to the Issuer and the Parent Guarantor.
For cash management purposes, we transfer cash among the Parent Guarantor, Issuer, Subsidiary Guarantors and non-guarantors through intercompany financing arrangements, contributions or declaration of dividends between the respective parent and its subsidiaries. While the non-guarantor subsidiaries do not guarantee the Issuer's obligations under our outstanding debt, the transfer of cash under these activities facilitates the ability of the recipient to make specified third-party payments for principal and interest on the Senior Notes, U.S. Credit Agreements, other outstanding debt, Common Stock dividends and Common Stock repurchases.
The summarized financial information of the Obligor Group is presented below on a combined basis after the elimination of: (i) intercompany transactions among such entities and (ii) equity in earnings from and investments in the non-guarantor subsidiaries. Transactions with, and amounts due to or from, non-guarantor subsidiaries and affiliates are separately disclosed.
ThreeNine Months Ended
March 31,September 30, 2023
(In $ millions)
(unaudited)
Net sales to third parties4761,399 
Net sales to non-guarantor subsidiaries291823 
Total net sales7672,222 
Gross profit143455 
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations(153)1,632 
Net earnings (loss)(155)1,629 
Net earnings (loss) attributable to the Obligor Group(155)1,629 
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As of
March 31,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
As of
September 30,
2023
As of
December 31,
2022
(In $ millions)(In $ millions)
(unaudited)(unaudited)
Receivables from non-guarantor subsidiariesReceivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries708 754 Receivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries676 754 
Other current assetsOther current assets1,608 1,588 Other current assets1,730 1,588 
Total current assetsTotal current assets2,316 2,342 Total current assets2,406 2,342 
GoodwillGoodwill526 567 Goodwill536 567 
Other noncurrent assetsOther noncurrent assets2,729 2,718 Other noncurrent assets2,980 2,718 
Total noncurrent assetsTotal noncurrent assets3,255 3,285 Total noncurrent assets3,516 3,285 
Current liabilities due to non-guarantor subsidiariesCurrent liabilities due to non-guarantor subsidiaries2,772 2,100 Current liabilities due to non-guarantor subsidiaries3,060 2,100 
Current liabilities due to affiliatesCurrent liabilities due to affiliatesCurrent liabilities due to affiliates— 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities1,756 2,201 Other current liabilities1,745 2,201 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities4,530 4,303 Total current liabilities4,805 4,303 
Noncurrent liabilities due to non-guarantor subsidiariesNoncurrent liabilities due to non-guarantor subsidiaries3,391 3,400 Noncurrent liabilities due to non-guarantor subsidiaries3,373 3,400 
Other noncurrent liabilitiesOther noncurrent liabilities13,860 13,842 Other noncurrent liabilities12,796 13,842 
Total noncurrent liabilitiesTotal noncurrent liabilities17,251 17,242 Total noncurrent liabilities16,169 17,242 
Share Capital
We declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.70 per share on our Common Stock on April 19,October 18, 2023, amounting to $76 million.
There have been no material changes to our share capital described in our 2022 Form 10-K other than those disclosed above and in Note 10 - Shareholders'Shareholders' Equity in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
Contractual Obligations
We have not entered into any material off-balance sheet arrangements.
Except as otherwise described in this report, there have been no material revisions outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations as described in our 2022 Form 10-K.
Tax Return Audits
Our tax returns are under joint audit for the years 2013 through 2015 by the United States, Netherlands and Germany (the "Authorities").Germany. In addition, our income tax returns in Mexico are under audit for the years 2017 andyear 2018 and in Canada for the years 2016 through 2022. In August 2023, we negotiated a partial settlement with the Mexico tax authorities for its audit for the year 2018. The partial settlement did not have a material impact on income tax expense in the unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. In September 2023, the Canadian tax authorities opened tax audits for the years 2019 through 2022, and the audits are in the preliminary stages. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, we believe that an adequate provision for income taxes has been made for all open tax years related to the examinations by the Authorities and Mexico taxgovernment authorities. We are discussing preliminary findings with the Canadian authorities and do not expect a material impact to income tax expense. However, the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues raised by the government authorities are resolved in a manner inconsistent with our expectations or we are unsuccessful in defending its positions, we could be required to adjust our provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs. If required, any such adjustments could be material to the statements of operations and cash flows in the period(s) recorded. See Note 11 - Income TaxesTaxes in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information.
Business Environment
We startedcontinued to experience destocking in addition to volatile underlying demand recovery, partially offset by normalized pricingconditions across many products that exceeded a reduction in cost pressure on raw material inputs.several end-markets. We continue to closely monitor the impact of, and responses to, geopolitical effects on demand conditions and the supply chain. Demand conditions improved across certain regionsand moderating raw materials costs resulted in Europeelevated industry competitive dynamics and Asia, offset by continued destocking and decreased consumer activity in the Americas. Average prices of energy feedstocks, particularly natural gas, which are a significant input and source of energy for our manufacturing operations, have begun to normalize. We expect demand to continue to recover, reduction in our inventory levels and improvement in sourcing costs and inflationary pressures throughout the year.continuing
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pricing pressure across many end-markets. We expect demand and destocking challenges to persist, to put pressure on pricing partially offset by improvement in input costs across the year.
Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, we suspended sales into Russia, Belarus and the sanctioned regions of Ukraine. Revenue from these countries and regions constituted less than 0.1% of our consolidated Net sales in fiscal year 2022 and we have no manufacturing assets in these countries or regions. We do not currently expect the conflict to result in a material impact on our business or financial results, but the full impact of the conflict and international responses thereto remains uncertain and will depend on future geopolitical and economic developments that are impossible to predict. Potential risks we may face include increased volatility in capital and commodity markets, rapid changes to sanctions, supply chain and transportation disruptions, exacerbation of inflationary conditions, impacts to consumer or business sentiment and an increased risk of cyber security incidents.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements are based on the selection and application of significant accounting policies. The preparation of unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of Net sales, expenses and allocated charges during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. However, we are not currently aware of any reasonably likely events or circumstances that would result in materially different results.
We describe our significant accounting policies in Note 2 - Summary of Accounting Policies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2022 Form 10-K. We discuss our critical accounting policies and estimates in MD&A in our 2022 Form 10-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report for information regarding recent accounting pronouncements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk for the Company has not changed materially from the foreign exchange, interest rate and commodity risks disclosed in Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in our 2022 Form 10-K. See also Note 12 - Derivative Financial Instruments in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our market risk management and the related impact on the Company's financial position and results of operations.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, as of March 31,September 30, 2023, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the period covered by this report, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The Company is involved in legal and regulatory proceedings, lawsuits, claims and investigations incidental to the normal conduct of its business, relating to such matters as product liability, land disputes, insurance coverage disputes, contracts, employment, antitrust and competition, intellectual property, personal injury and other actions in tort, workers' compensation, chemical exposure, asbestos exposure, taxes, trade compliance, acquisitions and divestitures, claims of current and legacy shareholders, past waste disposal practices and release of chemicals into the environment. The Company is actively defending those matters where it is named as a defendant. Due to the inherent subjectivity of assessments and unpredictability of outcomes of legal proceedings, the Company's litigation accruals and estimates of possible loss or range of possible loss may not represent the ultimate loss to the Company from legal proceedings. See Note 9 - Environmental and Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for a discussion of material environmental matters and material commitments and contingencies related to legal and regulatory proceedings. There have been no significant developments in the "Legal Proceedings" described in our 2022 Form 10-K other than those disclosed in Note 9 - Environmental and Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. See Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2022 Form 10-K for certain risk factors relating to these legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the information in this Quarterly Report, readers should carefully consider the information in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2022 Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, and Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We did not repurchase any Common Stock during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of $6.9 billion of our Common Stock since February 2008, with approximately $1.1 billion value of shares remaining that may be purchased under the program. See Note 10 - Shareholders'Shareholders' Equity in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.(c) Trading Plans
During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, no director or Section 16 officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading plans or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements" as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits(1)
Exhibit
Number
Description
2.1†
3.1
3.1(a)
3.1(b)
3.1(c)
3.2
10.14.1
10.210.1*
10.3
10.4*‡
10.5*‡
10.6*‡
10.7*‡
22.122.1*
31.1*
31.2*
32.1*
32.2*
101.INS*Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
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101.DEF*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,September 30, 2023 has been formatted in Inline XBRL.
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*    Filed herewith.
‡    Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
†    The Company has omitted certain schedules and similar attachments to such agreements pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company will furnish a copy of such omitted documents to the SEC upon request.
(1)The Company and its subsidiaries have in the past issued, and may in the future issue from time to time, long-term debt. The Company may not file with the applicable report copies of the instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt to the extent that the aggregate principal amount of the debt instruments of any one series of such debt instruments for which the instruments have not been filed has not exceeded or will not exceed 10% of the assets of the Company at any pertinent time. The Company hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument(s) to the SEC upon request.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
CELANESE CORPORATION
By: /s/ LORI J. RYERKERK
Lori J. Ryerkerk
Chair of the Board of Directors,
Chief Executive Officer and President
Date:May 10,November 8, 2023

By: /s/ SCOTT A. RICHARDSON
Scott A. Richardson
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
Date:May 10,November 8, 2023
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