~~Table~~ ~~of Contents~~

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ending March 31, ~~2021~~2022


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________________ to __________________

Commission file number 001-39123

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Maryland						33-0227337
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4250 Executive Square, Suite 300, La Jolla, CA 92037

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(858) 362-6300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	SI	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of 5.375% Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A	SI PRA	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange ~~act~~Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Emerging growth company

☒☐

Non-accelerated Filer

☒☐

Smaller reporting company

☒☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May ~~4, 2021,~~2, 2022, the registrant had ~~25,337,473~~31,633,815 shares of Class A voting common stock outstanding.

~~Table~~ ~~of Contents~~

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


						Page

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)						2
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition						2
Consolidated Statements of Operations						3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income ~~(Loss)~~						4
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity						5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows						6
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements						7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations						3032
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk						5355
Item 4. Controls and Procedures						5657

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings						5758
Item 1A. Risk Factors						5758
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds						5758
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities						5758
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures						5758
Item 5. Other Information						5758
Item 6. Exhibits						5859

SIGNATURES						5960

Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(In Thousands, Except Par Value and Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)


		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020			March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
ASSETS	ASSETS					ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	Cash and due from banks	$	16,422	$	16,405	Cash and due from banks	$	207,304	$	208,193
Interest earning deposits in other banks	Interest earning deposits in other banks	4,315,100		2,945,682		Interest earning deposits in other banks	1,178,205		5,179,753
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	4,331,522		2,962,087		Cash and cash equivalents	1,385,509		5,387,946
Trading securities		1,990		0

Securities available-for-sale, at fair value	Securities available-for-sale, at fair value	1,717,418		939,015		Securities available-for-sale, at fair value	9,463,494		8,625,259

Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $2,578,976 at March 31, 2022)						Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $2,578,976 at March 31, 2022)	2,751,625		—
Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or fair value	Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or fair value	897,227		865,961		Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or fair value	937,140		893,194
Loans held-for-investment, net of allowance for loan losses of $6,916 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020		728,390		746,751
Loans held-for-investment, net of allowance for loan losses of $4,442 and $6,916 at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively						Loans held-for-investment, net of allowance for loan losses of $4,442 and $6,916 at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	739,014		887,304
Federal home loan and federal reserve bank stock, at cost	Federal home loan and federal reserve bank stock, at cost	14,851		14,851		Federal home loan and federal reserve bank stock, at cost	61,719		34,010
Accrued interest receivable	Accrued interest receivable	9,432		8,698		Accrued interest receivable	62,573		40,370
Premises and equipment, net	Premises and equipment, net	1,758		2,072		Premises and equipment, net	1,678		3,008
Intangible assets						Intangible assets	189,977		—
Derivative assets	Derivative assets	34,442		31,104		Derivative assets	46,415		34,056
Other assets	Other assets	20,122		15,696		Other assets	158,869		100,348
Total assets	Total assets	$	7,757,152	$	5,586,235	Total assets	$	15,798,013	$	16,005,495
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY					LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits:	Deposits:					Deposits:
Noninterest bearing demand accounts	Noninterest bearing demand accounts	$	6,889,281	$	5,133,579	Noninterest bearing demand accounts	$	13,323,535	$	14,213,472
Interest bearing accounts	Interest bearing accounts	113,090		114,447		Interest bearing accounts	72,627		77,156

Total deposits	Total deposits	7,002,371		5,248,026		Total deposits	13,396,162		14,290,628

Federal home loan bank advances						Federal home loan bank advances	800,000		—

Subordinated debentures, net	Subordinated debentures, net	15,834		15,831		Subordinated debentures, net	15,848		15,845
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	Accrued expenses and other liabilities	25,326		28,079		Accrued expenses and other liabilities	39,507		90,186
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	7,043,531		5,291,936		Total liabilities	14,251,517		14,396,659
Commitments and contingencies	Commitments and contingencies	0		0		Commitments and contingencies	0		0
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 10,000 shares; 0 shares issued or outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020		0		0
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 125,000 shares; 24,820 and 18,770 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively		248		188
Class B non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 25,000 shares; 0 and 64 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively		0		1
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 10,000 shares; $1,000 per share liquidation preference, 200 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021						Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 10,000 shares; $1,000 per share liquidation preference, 200 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021	2		2
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 125,000 shares; 31,630 and 30,403 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively						Class A common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 125,000 shares; 31,630 and 30,403 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	316		304
Class B non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 25,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021						Class B non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 25,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	551,798		129,726		Additional paid-in capital	1,553,547		1,421,592
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	131,058		118,348		Retained earnings	218,558		193,860
Accumulated other comprehensive income		30,517		46,036
Accumulated other comprehensive loss						Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(225,927)		(6,922)
Total shareholders’ equity	Total shareholders’ equity	713,621		294,299		Total shareholders’ equity	1,546,496		1,608,836
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	7,757,152	$	5,586,235	Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	15,798,013	$	16,005,495

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
			2021		2020				2022		2021
Interest income	Interest income						Interest income
Loans, including fees	Loans, including fees		$	16,597	$	13,121	Loans, including fees		$	18,287	$	16,597
Taxable securities	Taxable securities		3,592		6,048		Taxable securities		17,779		3,592
Tax-exempt securities	Tax-exempt securities		1,695		48		Tax-exempt securities		13,184		1,695
Other interest earning assets	Other interest earning assets		1,279		724		Other interest earning assets		1,385		1,279
Dividends and other	Dividends and other		143		121		Dividends and other		203		143
Total interest income	Total interest income		23,306		20,062		Total interest income		50,838		23,306
Interest expense	Interest expense						Interest expense
Deposits	Deposits		46		4,051		Deposits		21		46
Federal home loan bank advances	Federal home loan bank advances		0		227		Federal home loan bank advances		70		—
Subordinated debentures and other	Subordinated debentures and other		245		306		Subordinated debentures and other		252		245
Total interest expense	Total interest expense		291		4,584		Total interest expense		343		291
Net interest income before provision for loan losses	Net interest income before provision for loan losses		23,015		15,478		Net interest income before provision for loan losses		50,495		23,015
Provision for loan losses			0		367
Reversal of provision for loan losses							Reversal of provision for loan losses		(2,474)		—
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	Net interest income after provision for loan losses		23,015		15,111		Net interest income after provision for loan losses		52,969		23,015
Noninterest income	Noninterest income						Noninterest income
Deposit related fees							Deposit related fees		8,968		7,124
Mortgage warehouse fee income	Mortgage warehouse fee income		954		382		Mortgage warehouse fee income		651		954
Service fees related to off-balance sheet deposits			0		70
Deposit related fees			7,124		1,766
Gain on sale of securities, net			0		1,197
Gain on sale of loans, net			0		506
Gain on extinguishment of debt			0		925

Loss on sale of securities, net							Loss on sale of securities, net		(605)		—

Other income	Other income		12		85		Other income		436		12
Total noninterest income	Total noninterest income		8,090		4,931		Total noninterest income		9,450		8,090
Noninterest expense	Noninterest expense						Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	Salaries and employee benefits		10,990		8,955		Salaries and employee benefits		15,544		10,990
Occupancy and equipment	Occupancy and equipment		614		907		Occupancy and equipment		586		614

Communications and data processing	Communications and data processing		1,621		1,261		Communications and data processing		2,762		1,621
Professional services	Professional services		1,717		985		Professional services		2,954		1,717
Federal deposit insurance	Federal deposit insurance		2,296		123		Federal deposit insurance		1,762		2,296
Correspondent bank charges	Correspondent bank charges		497		373		Correspondent bank charges		828		497
Other loan expense	Other loan expense		174		122		Other loan expense		384		174
Other general and administrative	Other general and administrative		1,697		1,149		Other general and administrative		3,198		1,697
Total noninterest expense	Total noninterest expense		19,606		13,875		Total noninterest expense		28,018		19,606
Income before income taxes	Income before income taxes		11,499		6,167		Income before income taxes		34,401		11,499
Income tax (benefit) expense			(1,211)		1,774
Income tax expense (benefit)							Income tax expense (benefit)		7,015		(1,211)
Net income	Net income		$	12,710	$	4,393	Net income		27,386		12,710

Basic earnings per share			$	0.56	$	0.24
Diluted earnings per share			$	0.55	$	0.23
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Dividends on preferred stock							Dividends on preferred stock		2,688		—
Net income available to common shareholders							Net income available to common shareholders		$	24,698	$	12,710
Basic earnings per common share							Basic earnings per common share		$	0.79	$	0.56
Diluted earnings per common share							Diluted earnings per common share		$	0.79	$	0.55
Weighted average common shares outstanding:							Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	Basic		22,504		18,668		Basic		31,219		22,504
Diluted	Diluted		23,010		19,117		Diluted		31,401		23,010

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE ~~INCOME (LOSS)~~LOSS

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
			2021		2020				2022		2021
Net income	Net income		$	12,710	$	4,393	Net income		$	27,386	$	12,710
Other comprehensive income (loss):	Other comprehensive income (loss):						Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities	Change in net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities		(13,434)		(9,313)		Change in net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities		(324,226)		(13,434)
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net loss included in net income							Less: Reclassification adjustment for net loss included in net income		605		—
Less: Amortization of net unrealized losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity							Less: Amortization of net unrealized losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity		774		—
Income tax effect							Income tax effect		94,220		3,690
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax							Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax		(228,627)		(9,744)
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative assets							Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative assets		14,603		(7,460)
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gain included in net income	Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gain included in net income		0		(1,197)		Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gain included in net income		(951)		(504)
Income tax effect	Income tax effect		3,690		3,007		Income tax effect		(4,030)		2,189
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax			(9,744)		(7,503)
Change in net unrealized (loss) gain on derivative assets			(7,460)		23,466
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gain included in net income			(504)		(171)
Income tax effect			2,189		(6,667)
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments, net of tax			(5,775)		16,628
Other comprehensive (loss) income			(15,519)		9,125
Total comprehensive (loss) income			$	(2,809)	$	13,518
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net of tax							Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net of tax		9,622		(5,775)
Other comprehensive loss							Other comprehensive loss		(219,005)		(15,519)
Total comprehensive loss							Total comprehensive loss		$	(191,619)	$	(2,809)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

(Unaudited)


		Class A Common Stock		Class B Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity					Preferred Stock			Class A Common Stock			Class B Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
			Shares	Amount		Shares									Amount					Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares									Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at January 1, 2020			17,775,160	$	178	892,836	$	9	$	132,138	$	92,310	$	6,401		$	231,036
Total comprehensive income, net of tax			—	—		—	—		—		4,393		9,125			13,518
Balance at January 1, 2021																			Balance at January 1, 2021	—	$	—	18,769,771	$	188	64,197	$	1	$	129,726	$	118,348	$	46,036	$	294,299
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax																			Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		12,710		(15,519)		(2,809)

Issuance of stock, net																			Issuance of stock, net	—	—		5,860,858	58		—	—		423,482		—		—		423,540

Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock	Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock		596,000	6		(596,000)	(6)		—		—		—			0			Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock	—	—		64,197	1		(64,197)	(1)		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation		—	—		—	—		199		—		—			199			Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		290		—		—		290
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		134	—		—	—		(1)		—		—			(1)			Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	—	—		124,848	1		—	—		(1,700)		—		—		(1,699)
Issuance of share-based awards, net of shares withheld for employee taxes																			Issuance of share-based awards, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	—	—		294	—		—	—		—		—		—		—

Balance at March 31, 2020			18,371,294	$	184	296,836	$	3	$	132,336	$	96,703	$	15,526		$	244,752
Balance at March 31, 2021																			Balance at March 31, 2021	—	$	—	24,819,968	$	248	—	$	—	$	551,798	$	131,058	$	30,517	$	713,621

Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Additional
Paid-In
Capital Retained
Earnings Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Total
Shareholders’
Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at January 1, 2021 18,769,771 $ 188 64,197 $ 1 $ 129,726 $ 118,348 $ 46,036 $ 294,299
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — — — — 12,710 (15,519) (2,809)
Net proceeds from stock issuance 5,860,858 58 — — 423,482 — — 423,540
Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock 64,197 1 (64,197) (1) — — — 0
Stock-based compensation — — — — 290 — — 290
Exercise of stock options and issuance of share-based awards, net of shares withheld for employee taxes 125,142 1 — — (1,700) — — (1,699)
Balance at March 31, 2021 24,819,968 $ 248 0 $ 0 $ 551,798 $ 131,058 $ 30,517 $ 713,621


	Preferred Stock			Class A Common Stock			Class B Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at January 1, 2022	200,000	$	2	30,402,706	$	304	—	$	—	$	1,421,592	$	193,860	$	(6,922)	$	1,608,836
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		27,386		(219,005)		(191,619)


Dividends on preferred stock	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(2,688)		—		(2,688)
Issuance of stock, net	—	—		1,221,217	12		—	—		131,505		—		—		131,517


Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		729		—		—		729
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	—	—		1,840	—		—	—		30		—		—		30
Issuance of share-based awards, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	—	—		4,552	—		—	—		(309)		—		—		(309)

Balance at March 31, 2022	200,000	$	2	31,630,315	$	316	—	$	—	$	1,553,547	$	218,558	$	(225,927)	$	1,546,496

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021		2020			2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities	Cash flows from operating activities					Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	Net income	$	12,710	$	4,393	Net income	$	27,386	$	12,710
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:						Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	644		830		Depreciation and amortization	815		644
Amortization of securities premiums and discounts, net	Amortization of securities premiums and discounts, net	1,212		679		Amortization of securities premiums and discounts, net	40,503		1,212
Amortization of loan premiums and discounts and deferred loan origination fees and costs, net	Amortization of loan premiums and discounts and deferred loan origination fees and costs, net	250		399		Amortization of loan premiums and discounts and deferred loan origination fees and costs, net	(253)		250
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	290		199		Stock-based compensation	729		290
Provision for loan losses		0		367
Originations/purchases of loans held-for-sale		(3,384,431)		(1,222,816)
Reversal of provision for loan losses						Reversal of provision for loan losses	(2,474)		—
Originations of loans held-for-sale						Originations of loans held-for-sale	(2,972,952)		(3,384,431)
Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale	Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale	3,353,164		1,153,515		Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale	2,951,944		3,353,164

Other gains, net	Other gains, net	(1,141)		(2,885)		Other gains, net	(430)		(1,141)
Other, net	Other, net	891		576		Other, net	675		891
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	Changes in operating assets and liabilities:					Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable and other assets	Accrued interest receivable and other assets	(4,119)		(520)		Accrued interest receivable and other assets	15,480		(4,119)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	Accrued expenses and other liabilities	469		87		Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(47,782)		469
Net cash used in operating activities		(20,061)		(65,176)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities						Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	13,641		(20,061)
Cash flows from investing activities	Cash flows from investing activities					Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of securities available-for-sale	Purchases of securities available-for-sale	(817,734)		(98,986)		Purchases of securities available-for-sale	(3,303,782)		(817,734)
Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale	Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale	0		14,016		Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale	432,059		—
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities available-for-sale	Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities available-for-sale	21,403		7,936		Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities available-for-sale	131,521		21,403
Purchases of securities held-to-maturity						Purchases of securities held-to-maturity	(1,249,507)		—
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities held-to-maturity						Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities held-to-maturity	26,665		—
Loan originations/purchases and payments, net	Loan originations/purchases and payments, net	18,112		(41,254)		Loan originations/purchases and payments, net	(20,405)		18,112
Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale previously classified as held-for-investment		0		36,400
Proceeds from sale of loans, net						Proceeds from sale of loans, net	149,070		—
Purchase of federal home loan and federal reserve bank stock, net	Purchase of federal home loan and federal reserve bank stock, net	0		(5)		Purchase of federal home loan and federal reserve bank stock, net	(27,708)		—
Purchase of premises and equipment	Purchase of premises and equipment	(32)		(391)		Purchase of premises and equipment	(274)		(32)
Payments to acquire intangible assets						Payments to acquire intangible assets	(58,403)		—

(Payments for) proceeds from derivative contracts, net		(8,439)		13,370
Other, net		0		128
Proceeds from (payments for) derivative contracts, net						Proceeds from (payments for) derivative contracts, net	2,176		(8,439)

Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	(786,690)		(68,786)		Net cash used in investing activities	(3,918,588)		(786,690)
Cash flows from financing activities	Cash flows from financing activities					Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in noninterest bearing deposits	Net change in noninterest bearing deposits	1,755,702		401,552		Net change in noninterest bearing deposits	(889,937)		1,755,702
Net change in interest bearing deposits	Net change in interest bearing deposits	(1,357)		(213,250)		Net change in interest bearing deposits	(4,529)		(1,357)
Net change in federal home loan bank advances	Net change in federal home loan bank advances	0		(18,075)		Net change in federal home loan bank advances	800,000		—

Payments made on notes payable		0		(3,714)

Proceeds from common stock issuance, net	Proceeds from common stock issuance, net	423,540		0		Proceeds from common stock issuance, net	(57)		423,540

Payments of preferred stock dividends						Payments of preferred stock dividends	(2,688)		—
Proceeds from stock option exercise	Proceeds from stock option exercise	261		0		Proceeds from stock option exercise	30		261
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(1,960)		(1)		Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(309)		(1,960)
Other, net		0		46
Net cash provided by financing activities		2,176,186		166,558
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		1,369,435		32,596

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities						Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(97,490)		2,176,186
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents						Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(4,002,437)		1,369,435
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	2,962,087		133,604		Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	5,387,946		2,962,087
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	4,331,522	$	166,200	Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	1,385,509	$	4,331,522

Supplemental cash flow information:	Supplemental cash flow information:					Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	Cash paid for interest	$	444	$	4,928	Cash paid for interest	$	454	$	444
Income taxes paid (refunded), net	Income taxes paid (refunded), net	(6)		(22)		Income taxes paid (refunded), net	146		(6)
Supplemental noncash disclosures:	Supplemental noncash disclosures:					Supplemental noncash disclosures:
Transfers of securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity						Transfers of securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity	$	1,534,713	$	—
Common stock issued in exchange for assets acquired						Common stock issued in exchange for assets acquired	131,574		—
Loans held-for-investment transferred to loans held-for-sale	Loans held-for-investment transferred to loans held-for-sale	$	0	$	30,792	Loans held-for-investment transferred to loans held-for-sale	22,938		—
Loans held-for-sale transferred to loans held-for-investment		0		5,098

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		71		0

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

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SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1—Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Silvergate Capital Corporation, a Maryland corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Silvergate Bank (the “Bank”), collectively referred to as (the “Company” or “Silvergate”).

The Company’s assets consist primarily of its investment in the Bank and its primary activities are conducted through the Bank. The Bank was incorporated in 1987 and commenced business in 1988 under the California Financial Code as an industrial bank. In February 2009 the Bank converted its charter to a California commercial bank, which gave it the added authority to accept demand deposits. The Company is a registered bank holding company that is subject to supervision by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (“Federal Reserve”). The Bank is subject to regulation by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, Division of Financial Institutions (“DFPI”), and, as a Federal Reserve member bank since 2012, the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRB”). The Bank’s deposits are insured up to legal limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).

On January 26, 2021, the Company completed its underwritten public offering of 4,563,493 shares of Class A common stock at a price of $63.00 per share, including 595,238 shares of Class A common stock upon the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares. The aggregate gross proceeds of the offering were approximately $287.5 million and net proceeds to the Company were $272.4 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses.

On March 9, 2021, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate gross sales price of $300.0 million of the Company’s shares of Class A common stock through an “at-the-market” offering program, or ATM Program. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had sold 1,297,365 shares of Class A common stock at an average price of $118.39 under the ATM Program. The transactions resulted in gross proceeds of $153.6 million and net proceeds to the Company of $151.1 million after deducting commissions and expenses.

Financial Statement Preparation and Presentation

The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company, without an audit, in accordance with the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of its consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).

In the opinion of management, the unaudited financial information for the interim periods presented reflects all adjustments, consisting of only normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. These consolidated statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated ~~March 8, 2021.~~February 28, 2022. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire fiscal year.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all other entities in which it has a controlling financial interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to the Company include its wholly owned subsidiaries. The accounting and reporting policies of the Company ~~are based upon~~conform with GAAP and conform to predominant practices within the financial services industry.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and the disclosure of contingent amounts in the Company’s financial statements and the accompanying notes. ~~We evaluate estimates on an ongoing basis including the economic impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (or “COVID-19”).~~ Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Recently ~~issued accounting pronouncements not yet effective~~Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (or “ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) to replace the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (or “CECL”) model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables, held to maturity debt securities, and reinsurance receivables. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a

~~Table~~ ~~of Contents~~

lessor. These amendments were initially effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 for SEC registrants and after December 15, 2020, for Public Business Entities, or PBEs. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, which finalized the delay of the effective date for smaller reporting companies, as of the ASU 2019-10 effective date, such as the Company to apply the standards related to CECL, until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. For debt securities with other than temporary impairment (OTTI), the guidance will be applied ~~prospectively~~prospectively. The new methodology replaces the other-than-temporary impairment model and requires the recognition of an allowance for ~~existing~~reductions in a security’s fair value attributable to declines in credit quality, instead of a direct write-down of the security when a valuation decline is determined to be other-than-temporary. Existing purchased credit impaired (PCI) assets will be grandfathered and classified as purchased credit deteriorated (PCD) assets at the date of adoption. The asset will be grossed up for the allowance for expected credit losses for all PCD assets at the date of adoption and will continue to recognize the noncredit discount in interest income based on the yield such assets as of the adoption date. Subsequent changes in expected credit losses will be recorded through the allowance. For all other assets with the scope of CECL, the cumulative effect adjustment will be recognized in retained earnings as of the

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beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which clarify that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 842, Leases. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendment eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructuring by creditors when a borrow is experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the update requires public business entities to disclose current-period gross write-offs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination. In relation to the loan portfolio, the Company formed a CECL implementation committee in 2018 which prepared a project plan to migrate towards the adoption date. As part of the project plan, the Company contracted a third-party vendor to assist in the application and analysis of ASU 2016-13 as well as a third party vendor to perform an independent model validation. As part of this process, the Company has determined preliminary loan pool segmentation under CECL, as well as evaluated the key economic loss drivers for each segment. The Company operationalized an initial CECL model during the second quarter of 2019 and is running this preliminary CECL model alongside the existing incurred loss methodology. The Company intends to continue to refine and run the model until the expected adoption date on January 1, 2023. The Company continues to evaluate the effects of ASU 2016-13 on its financial statements and disclosures.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (or “ASU 2020-04”), which provides temporary, optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects of, the transition away from the London Interbank Offered Rate (or “LIBOR”) or other interbank offered rate (reference rates) on financial reporting. InOn March 5, 2021, the ~~fourth quarter~~U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, the regulatory supervisor for ICE Benchmark Administration, the administrator of ~~2020 the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, amongst others,~~LIBOR, announced that the overnight and one, three, six and twelve month USD LIBOR will be discontinued on June 30, 2023. It was originally expected that LIBOR would be discontinued by the end of 2021. To help with the transition to new reference rates, the ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to affected contract modifications and hedge accounting relationships. The guidance is applicable only to contracts or hedge accounting relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The expedients and exceptions in this update are available to all entities starting March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which clarifies the scope of Topic 848 to include derivative instruments impacted by discounting transition. The Company has created a subcommittee of the Asset Liability Management Committee to address the LIBOR transition and phase-out issues. The Company has identified its LIBOR-based contracts that will be impacted by the transition away from of LIBOR, and is incorporating fallback language in negotiated contracts and incorporating non-LIBOR reference rate and/or fallback language in new contracts to prepare for these changes. The Company is evaluating the impact that ASU 2020-04 will have on those financial assets where LIBOR is used as an index rate.

In March 2022, the SEC released Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 121 (“SAB 121”), which provided interpretive guidance regarding accounting for obligations to safeguard crypto-assets an entity holds for platform users. The interpretive guidance requires an entity to recognize a liability on its balance sheet to reflect the obligation to safeguard the crypto-assets held for its platform users, along with a corresponding asset, both of which are measured at fair value. SAB 121 also requires disclosure of the nature and amount of crypto assets being safeguarded, how the fair value is determined, an entity’s accounting policy for safeguarding liabilities and corresponding assets and may require other information about risks and uncertainties arising from the entity’s safeguarding activities. SAB 121 is effective no later than the first interim or annual period ending after June 15, 2022, with retrospective application as of the beginning of the fiscal year. The Company is evaluating the impact that SAB 121 will have on its financial statements and disclosures.

Except for the updated standards discussed above, there have been no new accounting pronouncements not yet effective that have significance, or potential significance, to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Note 2—Securities

~~Trading~~

The ~~Company engages in trading activities for its own account. Securities that are held principally for resale in~~following tables summarize the ~~near term are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value included in earnings. Trading securities consists of U.S. Treasury Bills which had a~~amortized cost, fair value of ~~$2.0 million at March 31, 2021. The carrying values of trading securities included an immaterial amount of net unrealized losses at March 31, 2021.~~

~~Table~~ ~~of Contents~~

~~Available-for-sale~~

~~The fair value of available-for-sale~~ securities and ~~their related~~the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income and gross unrecognized gains and losses of available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity at the dates indicated are as follows:


		Available-for-sale securities									March 31, 2022
		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value			Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
Available-for-sale securities										Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasuries										U.S. Treasuries	$	34,889	$	—	$	(165)	$	34,724
U.S. agency securities - excluding mortgage-backed securities										U.S. agency securities - excluding mortgage-backed securities	1,548,367		7,627		(7,333)		1,548,661
Residential mortgage-backed securities:	Residential mortgage-backed securities:									Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	Government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	152,253	$	167	$	(1,202)	$	151,218	Government agency mortgage-backed securities	1,781,961		62		(30,103)		1,751,920
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	686,030		194		(2,844)		683,380		Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	1,385,198		1		(27,850)		1,357,349
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	18,688		530		(170)		19,048		Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	1,342		12		(14)		1,340
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:	Commercial mortgage-backed securities:									Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	Government agency mortgage-backed securities	49,135		2		(24)		49,113		Government agency mortgage-backed securities	1,338,333		2,360		(9,283)		1,331,410
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	42,435		0		(35)		42,400		Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	70,839		—		(60)		70,779
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	163,993		10,504		0		174,497		Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	492,565		—		(11,651)		480,914
Municipal bonds:	Municipal bonds:									Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt	Tax-exempt	318,132		18,801		(13)		336,920		Tax-exempt	2,900,600		65		(236,505)		2,664,160
Taxable		14,206		1,485		(48)		15,643

Asset backed securities:	Asset backed securities:									Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools	Government sponsored student loan pools	245,716		298		(815)		245,199		Government sponsored student loan pools	226,738		—		(4,501)		222,237
Total available-for-sale										Total available-for-sale	$	9,780,832	$	10,127	$	(327,465)	$	9,463,494
		$	1,690,588	$	31,981	$	(5,151)	$	1,717,418
											Amortized Cost		Gross Unrecognized Gains		Gross Unrecognized Losses		Fair Value
											(Dollars in thousands)
Held-to-maturity securities										Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. Treasuries										U.S. Treasuries	$	1,245,293	$	—	$	(42,488)	$	1,202,805

Residential mortgage-backed securities:										Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities										Government agency mortgage-backed securities	547,423		—		(34,896)		512,527
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation										Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	113,921		—		(7,192)		106,729

Commercial mortgage-backed securities:										Commercial mortgage-backed securities:

Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation										Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	53,408		—		(5,179)		48,229

Municipal bonds:										Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt										Tax-exempt	393,965		—		(44,265)		349,700
Taxable										Taxable	397,615		—		(38,629)		358,986

Total held-to-maturity										Total held-to-maturity	$	2,751,625	$	—	$	(172,649)	$	2,578,976

Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities $ 5,701 $ 18 $ (55) $ 5,664
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation 197,978 371 (298) 198,051
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation 20,544 399 (256) 20,687
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation 164,214 18,322 0 182,536
Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt 246,159 24,200 0 270,359
Taxable 15,307 695 0 16,002
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools 248,848 17 (3,149) 245,716
$ 898,751 $ 44,022 $ (3,758) $ 939,015

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~~There~~


	December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

	(Dollars in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities

U.S. agency securities - excluding mortgage-backed securities	$	1,177,452	$	7,320	$	(6,005)	$	1,178,767
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	1,428,365		130		(14,378)		1,414,117
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	1,659,125		1,617		(15,739)		1,645,003
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	1,425		19		(11)		1,433
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	1,106,680		1,886		(4,962)		1,103,604
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	212,266		19		(1,370)		210,915
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	144,204		227		(797)		143,634
Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt	2,272,794		33,153		(8,210)		2,297,737
Taxable	403,279		341		(6,016)		397,604
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools	233,374		97		(1,026)		232,445
Total available-for-sale	$	8,638,964	$	44,809	$	(58,514)	$	8,625,259

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company transferred, at fair value, $1.5 billion of residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities, and municipal bonds from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity securities. The decision to re-designate the securities was based on the Company’s ability and intent to hold these securities to maturity. Factors used in assessing the ability to hold these securities to maturity were ~~0 investment~~future liquidity needs and sources of funding. The related net unrealized after-tax loss of $14.1 million remained in accumulated other comprehensive income and will be amortized as a yield adjustment through earnings over the remaining life of the securities, offsetting the related net amortization of premium on the transferred securities. No gain or loss was recognized at the time of the transfer.

Securities pledged for borrowings or for other purposes as required or permitted by law had a fair value of $1.2 billion as of March 31, ~~2021 and~~2022. There were no securities pledged as of December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

At March 31, ~~2021, there were 0 holdings~~2022, the total fair value of securities ~~of any one~~issued by 1 individual issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ ~~equity.~~equity was $275.3 million.

910

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Securities with unrealized and unrecognized losses as of the dates indicated, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized or unrecognized loss position, are as follows:


		Available-for-sale securities													March 31, 2022
		Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total					Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

		(Dollars in thousands)													(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
Available-for-sale securities														Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasuries														U.S. Treasuries	$	34,724	$	(165)	$	—	$	—	$	34,724	$	(165)
U.S. agency securities - excluding mortgage-backed securities														U.S. agency securities - excluding mortgage-backed securities	781,759		(7,101)		12,977		(232)		794,736		(7,333)
Residential mortgage-backed securities:	Residential mortgage-backed securities:													Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	Government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	102,614	$	(1,202)	$	0	$	0	$	102,614	$	(1,202)	Government agency mortgage-backed securities	1,725,830		(30,102)		68		(1)		1,725,898		(30,103)
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	478,392		(2,699)		52,294		(145)		530,686		(2,844)		Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	1,155,505		(24,377)		199,890		(3,473)		1,355,395		(27,850)
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	0		0		8,609		(170)		8,609		(170)		Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	199		(3)		421		(11)		620		(14)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:	Commercial mortgage-backed securities:													Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	Government agency mortgage-backed securities	18,203		(24)		0		0		18,203		(24)		Government agency mortgage-backed securities	871,284		(9,283)		—		—		871,284		(9,283)
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	30,900		(35)		0		0		30,900		(35)		Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	62,991		(60)		—		—		62,991		(60)
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation														Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	474,175		(11,513)		6,739		(138)		480,914		(11,651)
Municipal bonds:														Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt														Tax-exempt	2,627,812		(236,505)		—		—		2,627,812		(236,505)

Asset backed securities:														Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools														Government sponsored student loan pools	186,833		(4,054)		35,405		(447)		222,238		(4,501)
															$	7,921,112	$	(323,163)	$	255,500	$	(4,302)	$	8,176,612	$	(327,465)

															Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
															Fair Value		Unrecognized Losses		Fair Value		Unrecognized Losses		Fair Value		Unrecognized Losses

															(Dollars in thousands)
Held-to-maturity securities														Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. Treasuries														U.S. Treasuries	$	1,202,805	$	(42,488)	$	—	$	—	$	1,202,805	$	(42,488)

Residential mortgage-backed securities:														Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities														Government agency mortgage-backed securities	512,527		(40,537)		—		—		512,527		(40,537)
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation														Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	106,646		(10,393)		—		—		106,646		(10,393)

Commercial mortgage-backed securities:														Commercial mortgage-backed securities:

Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation														Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	48,229		(6,241)		—		—		48,229		(6,241)

Municipal bonds:	Municipal bonds:													Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt	Tax-exempt	23,800		(13)		0		0		23,800		(13)		Tax-exempt	349,700		(48,038)		—		—		349,700		(48,038)
Taxable	Taxable	5,767		(48)		0		0		5,767		(48)		Taxable	358,986		(44,164)		—		—		358,986		(44,164)
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools		44,065		(80)		120,704		(735)		164,769		(815)
		$	703,741	$	(4,101)	$	181,607	$	(1,050)	$	885,348	$	(5,151)

															$	2,578,893	$	(191,861)	$	—	$	—	$	2,578,893	$	(191,861)

Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair Value Unrealized
Losses Fair Value Unrealized
Losses Fair Value Unrealized
Losses
(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities $ 5,165 $ (55) $ 0 $ 0 $ 5,165 $ (55)
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation 120,912 (172) 56,976 (126) 177,888 (298)
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation 290 (7) 9,950 (249) 10,240 (256)
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools 0 0 240,825 (3,149) 240,825 (3,149)
$ 126,367 $ (234) $ 307,751 $ (3,524) $ 434,118 $ (3,758)

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	December 31, 2021
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

	(Dollars in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities

U.S. agency securities - excluding mortgage-backed securities	$	761,711	$	(6,005)	$	—	$	—	$	761,711	$	(6,005)
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	1,357,080		(14,378)		70		—		1,357,150		(14,378)
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	1,513,388		(15,732)		650		(7)		1,514,038		(15,739)
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	—		—		433		(11)		433		(11)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	435,055		(4,962)		—		—		435,055		(4,962)
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	189,397		(1,370)		—		—		189,397		(1,370)
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	98,173		(656)		6,791		(141)		104,964		(797)
Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt	1,025,689		(8,210)		—		—		1,025,689		(8,210)
Taxable	339,041		(6,016)		—		—		339,041		(6,016)
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools	168,204		(803)		32,783		(223)		200,987		(1,026)
	$	5,887,738	$	(58,132)	$	40,727	$	(382)	$	5,928,465	$	(58,514)

As indicated in the tables above, as of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company’s investment securities had gross unrealized losses totaling approximately ~~$5.2~~$519.3 million, compared to approximately ~~$3.8~~$58.5 million at December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. The Company analyzes all of its securities with an unrealized loss position. For each security, the Company analyzed the credit quality and performed a projected cash flow analysis. In analyzing the credit quality, management may consider whether the securities are issued by the federal government, its agencies or its sponsored entities, or non-governmental entities, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and if credit quality has deteriorated. When performing a cash flow analysis, the Company uses models that project prepayments, default rates, and loss severities on the collateral supporting the security, based on underlying loan level borrower and loan characteristics and interest rate assumptions. ~~The unrealized losses on government sponsored student~~

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loan pools are due primarily to increased credit spreads since purchase. The Company believes it has an adequate amount of credit enhancement and government assurance to cover any expected losses at this time. Based on these analyses and reviews conducted by the Company, and assisted by independent third parties, the Company determined that none of its securities required an other-than-temporary impairment charge at March 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Management continues to expect to recover the adjusted amortized cost basis of these ~~bonds.~~securities.

As of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had 51622 securities whose estimated fair value declined ~~0.58%~~4.61% from the Company’s amortized cost; at December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, the Company had 30323 securities whose estimated fair value declined ~~0.86%~~0.98% from the Company’s amortized cost. ~~The Company’s securities that have~~These unrealized losses on securities are primarily due to ~~widened credit spreads and~~ changes in market interest rates or widening of credit spreads since their purchase dates. Current unrealized losses are expected to recover as the securities approach their respective maturity dates. Management believes it will more than likely not be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company received $432.1 million in proceeds and recognized $3.8 million of gains and $4.4 million losses on sales of available-for-sale securities. There were 0no sales or calls of ~~available-for-sale~~ securities for the three months ended March 31, 2021. ~~For the three months ended March 31, 2020 the Company received $14.0 million in proceeds and recognized a $1.2 million gain and 0 loss on sales and calls of securities.~~

There were 0no credit losses associated with our securities portfolio recognized in earnings for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020.~~2021.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities as of the periods presented by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay

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obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. For purposes of the following table, the entire outstanding balance of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities is categorized based on the final maturity date.


		March 31, 2021				December 31, 2020					March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value			Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities	Available-for-sale securities									Available-for-sale securities
Within one year	Within one year	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	Within one year	$	34,889	$	34,724	$	—	$	—
After one year through five years	After one year through five years	0		0		0		0		After one year through five years	1,611		1,531		2,243		2,170
After five years through ten years	After five years through ten years	56,363		57,091		14,021		15,694		After five years through ten years	1,503,068		1,502,618		1,406,395		1,401,733
After ten years	After ten years	1,634,225		1,660,327		884,730		923,321		After ten years	8,241,264		7,924,621		7,230,326		7,221,356
Total	Total	$	1,690,588	$	1,717,418	$	898,751	$	939,015	Total	$	9,780,832	$	9,463,494	$	8,638,964	$	8,625,259
Held-to-maturity securities										Held-to-maturity securities
Within one year										Within one year	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
After one year through five years										After one year through five years	1,245,293		1,202,805		—		—
After five years through ten years										After five years through ten years	275,375		249,523		—		—
After ten years										After ten years	1,230,957		1,126,648		—		—
Total										Total	$	2,751,625	$	2,578,976	$	—	$	—

Note 3—Loans

The following disclosure reports the Company’s loan portfolio segments and classes. Segments are groupings of similar loans at a level in which the Company has adopted systematic methods of documentation for determining its allowance for loan and credit losses. Classes are a disaggregation of the portfolio segments. The Company’s loan portfolio segments are:

Real estate. Real estate loans ~~includes~~include loans for which the Company holds one-to-four family, multi-family, commercial and construction real property as collateral. One-to-four family real estate loans primarily consist of non-qualified single-family residential mortgage loans and purchases of loan pools. Multi-family real estate loans have been offered for the purchase or refinancing of apartment properties located primarily in the Southern California market area. Commercial real estate lending activity ~~is typically restricted to owner-occupied properties or to~~has historically been primarily focused on investor properties that are owned by customers with a current banking relationship. The primary risks of real estate mortgage loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate mortgage loan unprofitable. Real estate loans also may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy.

Commercial and industrial. Commercial and industrial loans consist of U.S. dollar denominated loans to businesses that are collateralized almost exclusively by bitcoin or U.S. dollars, also known as our core lending product, SEN Leverage. Commercial and industrial loans may also consist of loans and lines of credit to businesses that are generally collateralized by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, loan and lease receivables ~~digital currency assets such as bitcoin~~ and other commercial assets, and may be supported by other credit enhancements such as personal guarantees. Risks may arise from differences between expected and actual cash flows and/or liquidity levels of the borrowers, as well as the type of collateral securing these loans and the reliability of the conversion thereof to cash. ~~Currently, commercial and industrial loans consist primarily of asset based loans. In January 2020, the Company began offering a new lending product called~~Borrowers accessing SEN Leverage ~~which allows Silvergate customers~~provide bitcoin or U.S. dollars as collateral in an amount greater than the line of credit eligible to ~~obtain U.S. dollar loans collateralized by bitcoin held at select~~be advanced. The Bank works with regulated digital currency exchanges and other ~~custodians that are also customers~~indirect lenders, as the case may be, to both act as its collateral custodian for such loans, and to liquidate the collateral in the event of a decline in collateral coverage below levels required in the borrower’s loan agreement. At no time does the Bank directly hold the pledged bitcoin digital currency. The Bank sets collateral coverage ratios at levels intended to yield collateral liquidation proceeds in excess of the ~~Bank.~~borrower’s loan amount, but the borrower remains obligated for the payment of any deficiency notwithstanding any change in the condition of the exchange, financial or otherwise. The outstanding balance of gross SEN Leverage loans was ~~$117.3~~$435.0 million and ~~$77.2~~$335.9 million at March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively. Unfunded commitments on SEN Leverage loans were $635.1 million and $234.6 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Reverse mortgage and other. From 2012 to 2014, the Company purchased home equity conversion mortgage (“HECM”) loans (also known as reverse mortgage loans) which are a special type of home loan, for homeowners aged 62 years or older, that requires no monthly mortgage payments and allows the borrower to receive payments from the lender. Reverse mortgage

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loan insurance is provided by the U.S. Federal Housing Administration through the HECM program which protects lenders from losses due to non-repayment of the loans when the outstanding loan balance exceeds collateral value at the time the loan is required to be repaid. Other loans consist of consumer loans and loans secured by personal property.

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Mortgage warehouse. The Company’s mortgage warehouse lending division provides short-term interim funding primarily for single-family residential mortgage loans originated by mortgage bankers or other ~~lenders pending the sale of~~lenders. The Company holds legal title to such loans infrom the ~~secondary market. The Company’s risk is mitigated by comprehensive policies, procedures, and controls governing this activity, partial loan funding~~date they are funded by the ~~originating lender, guaranties or additional monies pledged to~~Company until the ~~Company as security, and the short holding period of funded loans on the Company’s balance sheet. In addition, the loss rates of this portfolio have historically been minimal, and these~~ loans are ~~all subject~~sold to ~~written purchase~~secondary market investors pursuant to pre-existing take out commitments, ~~from takeout investors or are hedged.~~generally within a few weeks of origination, with loan sale proceeds applied to pay down Company funding. The Company’s mortgage warehouse loans may either be held-for-investment or held-for-sale depending on the underlying contract. ~~The Company sold approximately $0.8 million and $21.7 million of loans to participants during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.~~ At March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, gross mortgage warehouse loans were approximately ~~$973.2 million~~$1.0 billion and ~~$963.9 million,~~$1.1 billion, respectively.

A summary of loans as of the periods presented are as follows:


		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020			March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

		(Dollars in thousands)					(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:	Real estate loans:					Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	171,045	$	187,855	One-to-four family	$	94,161	$	105,098
Multi-family	Multi-family	74,003		77,126		Multi-family	9,368		56,751
Commercial	Commercial	287,411		301,901		Commercial	80,279		210,136
Construction	Construction	5,172		6,272		Construction	—		7,573
Commercial and industrial	Commercial and industrial	118,598		78,909		Commercial and industrial	434,960		335,862

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	1,346		1,495		Reverse mortgage and other	1,137		1,410
Mortgage warehouse	Mortgage warehouse	76,014		97,903		Mortgage warehouse	125,435		177,115
Total gross loans held-for-investment	Total gross loans held-for-investment	733,589		751,461		Total gross loans held-for-investment	745,340		893,945
Deferred fees, net	Deferred fees, net	1,717		2,206		Deferred fees, net	(1,884)		275
Total loans held-for-investment	Total loans held-for-investment	735,306		753,667		Total loans held-for-investment	743,456		894,220
Allowance for loan losses	Allowance for loan losses	(6,916)		(6,916)		Allowance for loan losses	(4,442)		(6,916)
Total loans held-for-investment, net	Total loans held-for-investment, net	$	728,390	$	746,751	Total loans held-for-investment, net	$	739,014	$	887,304
Total loans held-for-sale(1)	Total loans held-for-sale(1)	$	897,227	$	865,961	Total loans held-for-sale(1)	$	937,140	$	893,194

________________________

(1)Loans held-for-sale ~~are comprised entirely~~includes $914.2 million and $893.2 million of mortgage warehouse loans ~~for all periods presented.~~as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

At March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, approximately ~~$539.0~~$184.9 million and ~~$574.5~~$381.0 million, respectively, of the Company’s ~~loan portfolio was~~gross loans held-for-investment were collateralized by various forms of real ~~estate. A significant percentage of such loans are collateralized by properties~~estate, primarily located in ~~California (64.7% and 68.8% as of~~California. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. At March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020, respectively)~~2021, approximately $435.0 million and ~~Arizona (4.4%~~$335.9 million, respectively, of the Company’s gross loans held-for-investment was collateralized primarily by bitcoin and ~~5.9%~~U.S. dollars. The loan to value ratio of these loans fluctuates in relation to value of bitcoin held as collateral, which may be volatile and there is no assurance that customers will be able to timely provide additional collateral under these loans in a scenario where the value of ~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively) with no other state greater than 5%.~~the bitcoin drops precipitously. The Company ~~attempts to address~~monitors and ~~mitigate~~manages concentrations of credit risk by making loans that are diversified by collateral type, placing limits on the amounts of various categories of loans relative to total Company capital, and conducting quarterly reviews of its portfolio by collateral type, geography, and other characteristics. While management believes that the collateral presently securing its portfolio and the recorded allowance for loan losses are adequate to absorb potential losses, there can be no assurances that significant deterioration in the California and Arizona real estate markets would not expose the Company to significantly greater credit risk.

Recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable ~~loan origination fees, net and unamortized premium or discount, net~~ due to immateriality. Accrued interest on loans held-for-investment totaled approximately ~~$3.1~~$2.5 million and ~~$2.7 million and deferred fees totaled approximately $1.7 million and $2.2~~$3.3 million at March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively.

Allowance for Loan Losses

At March 31, 2021, the Company’s total allowance for loan losses remained flat at $6.9 million, compared to December 31, 2020. The overall level of the allowance was based on Silvergate’s historically strong credit quality and minimal loan charge-offs, and the loan-to-value ratios in the low- to mid-50% range, based on last required appraisal value, in the Company's commercial, multi-family and one-to-four family real estate loans as of March 31, 2021. In addition, during the

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three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company updated the allowance for loan loss model to remove no longer relevant historical loss data for the commercial and industrial loan segment, reflecting the growth of digital collateralized loans that are now the majority of the loan segment balance. In addition, the Company added a COVID-19 loan modification qualitative factor adjustment to the commercial and one-to-four family real estate loan segments to recognize the modifications granted over the previous twelve months and additional risks of default in these loan segments.

The following tables present the allocation of the allowance for loan losses, as well as the activity in the allowance by loan class, and recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of and for the periods presented:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
One-to
-Four
Family Multi-
Family Commercial
Real Estate Construction Commercial
and
Industrial Reverse
Mortgage
and Other Mortgage
Warehouse Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2020 $ 1,245 $ 878 $ 1,810 $ 590 $ 1,931 $ 39 $ 423 $ 6,916
Charge-offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Recoveries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Provision for loan losses 389 (50) 1,441 (97) (1,571) (21) (91) 0
Balance, March 31, 2021 $ 1,634 $ 828 $ 3,251 $ 493 $ 360 $ 18 $ 332 $ 6,916

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
One-to
-Four
Family Multi-
Family Commercial
Real Estate Construction Commercial and
Industrial Reverse
Mortgage
and Other Mortgage
Warehouse Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 2,051 $ 653 $ 2,791 $ 96 $ 312 $ 38 $ 250 $ 6,191
Charge-offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Recoveries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Provision for loan losses (80) 36 166 162 114 1 (32) 367
Balance, March 31, 2020 $ 1,971 $ 689 $ 2,957 $ 258 $ 426 $ 39 $ 218 $ 6,558

March 31, 2021
One-to
-Four
Family Multi-
Family Commercial
Real Estate Construction Commercial
and
Industrial Reverse
Mortgage
and Other Mortgage
Warehouse Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Amount of allowance attributed to:
Specifically evaluated impaired loans $ 12 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 7 $ 0 $ 19
General portfolio allocation 1,622 828 3,251 493 360 11 332 6,897
Total allowance for loan losses $ 1,634 $ 828 $ 3,251 $ 493 $ 360 $ 18 $ 332 $ 6,916
Loans evaluated for impairment:
Specifically evaluated $ 5,141 $ 0 $ 9,830 $ 0 $ 237 $ 876 $ 0 $ 16,084
Collectively evaluated 165,904 74,003 277,581 5,172 118,361 470 76,014 717,505
Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 171,045 $ 74,003 $ 287,411 $ 5,172 $ 118,598 $ 1,346 $ 76,014 $ 733,589

December 31, 2020
One-to
-Four
Family Multi-
Family Commercial
Real Estate Construction Commercial
and
Industrial Reverse
Mortgage
and Other Mortgage
Warehouse Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Amount of allowance attributed to:
Specifically evaluated impaired loans $ 11 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 29 $ 0 $ 40
General portfolio allocation 1,234 878 1,810 590 1,931 10 423 6,876
Total allowance for loan losses $ 1,245 $ 878 $ 1,810 $ 590 $ 1,931 $ 39 $ 423 $ 6,916
Loans evaluated for impairment:
Specifically evaluated $ 5,780 $ 0 $ 9,722 $ 0 $ 274 $ 869 $ 0 $ 16,645
Collectively evaluated 182,075 77,126 292,179 6,272 78,635 626 97,903 734,816
Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 187,855 $ 77,126 $ 301,901 $ 6,272 $ 78,909 $ 1,495 $ 97,903 $ 751,461


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	One-to -Four Family		Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Reverse Mortgage and Other		Mortgage Warehouse		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	1,023	$	682	$	2,017	$	776	$	1,566	$	12	$	840	$	6,916
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Provision for loan losses	(223)		(582)		(1,542)		(776)		933		(1)		(283)		(2,474)
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	800	$	100	$	475	$	—	$	2,499	$	11	$	557	$	4,442

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	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	One-to -Four Family		Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Reverse Mortgage and Other		Mortgage Warehouse		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	1,245	$	878	$	1,810	$	590	$	1,931	$	39	$	423	$	6,916
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Provision for loan losses	389		(50)		1,441		(97)		(1,571)		(21)		(91)		—
Balance, March 31, 2021	$	1,634	$	828	$	3,251	$	493	$	360	$	18	$	332	$	6,916


	March 31, 2022
	One-to -Four Family		Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Reverse Mortgage and Other		Mortgage Warehouse		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
Amount of allowance attributed to:
Specifically evaluated impaired loans	$	28	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	28
General portfolio allocation	772		100		475		—		2,499		11		557		4,414
Total allowance for loan losses	$	800	$	100	$	475	$	—	$	2,499	$	11	$	557	$	4,442
Loans evaluated for impairment:
Specifically evaluated	$	4,126	$	—	$	1,236	$	—	$	—	$	646	$	—	$	6,008
Collectively evaluated	90,575		9,367		79,037		—		432,533		501		125,435		737,448
Total loans held-for-investment	$	94,701	$	9,367	$	80,273	$	—	$	432,533	$	1,147	$	125,435	$	743,456


	December 31, 2021
	One-to -Four Family		Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Reverse Mortgage and Other		Mortgage Warehouse		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
Amount of allowance attributed to:
Specifically evaluated impaired loans	$	29	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	29
General portfolio allocation	994		682		2,017		776		1,566		12		840		6,887
Total allowance for loan losses	$	1,023	$	682	$	2,017	$	776	$	1,566	$	12	$	840	$	6,916
Loans evaluated for impairment:
Specifically evaluated	$	4,229	$	—	$	1,956	$	—	$	—	$	923	$	—	$	7,108
Collectively evaluated	101,609		56,855		208,170		7,502		335,362		499		177,115		887,112
Total loans held-for-investment	$	105,838	$	56,855	$	210,126	$	7,502	$	335,362	$	1,422	$	177,115	$	894,220

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Impaired Loans

The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s investment in impaired loans as of and for the periods presented:


		March 31, 2021							March 31, 2022
		Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance			Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance

		(Dollars in thousands)							(Dollars in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:	With no related allowance recorded:							With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:	Real estate loans:							Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	5,742	$	5,077	$	—	One-to-four family	$	3,866	$	3,827	$	—

Commercial	Commercial	9,830		9,830		—		Commercial	1,237		1,236		—

Commercial and industrial		237		237		—

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	801		800		—		Reverse mortgage and other	646		646		—

		16,610		15,944		—			5,749		5,709		—
With an allowance recorded:	With an allowance recorded:							With an allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:	Real estate loans:							Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	64		64		12		One-to-four family	296		299		28

Reverse mortgage and other		76		76		7

		140		140		19			296		299		28
Total impaired loans	Total impaired loans	$	16,750	$	16,084	$	19	Total impaired loans	$	6,045	$	6,008	$	28


		December 31, 2020							December 31, 2021
		Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance			Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance

		(Dollars in thousands)							(Dollars in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:	With no related allowance recorded:							With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:	Real estate loans:							Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	6,432	$	5,716	$	—	One-to-four family	$	4,616	$	3,927	$	—

Commercial	Commercial	9,723		9,722		—		Commercial	1,955		1,956		—

Commercial and industrial		274		274		—

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	523		523		—		Reverse mortgage and other	914		923		—

		16,952		16,235		—			7,485		6,806		—
With an allowance recorded:	With an allowance recorded:							With an allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:	Real estate loans:							Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	64		64		11		One-to-four family	323		302		29

Reverse mortgage and other		346		346		29

		410		410		40			323		302		29
Total impaired loans	Total impaired loans	$	17,362	$	16,645	$	40	Total impaired loans	$	7,808	$	7,108	$	29

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		Three Months Ended March 31,									Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021				2020					2022				2021
		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized			Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:	With no related allowance recorded:									With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:	Real estate loans:									Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	4,979	$	77	$	3,731	$	26	One-to-four family	$	3,856	$	17	$	4,979	$	77

Commercial	Commercial	9,795		128		1,941		21		Commercial	2,526		20		9,795		128

Commercial and industrial	Commercial and industrial	249		5		2,329		42		Commercial and industrial	—		—		249		5

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	616		0		511		0		Reverse mortgage and other	829		—		616		—

		15,639		210		8,512		89			7,211		37		15,639		210
With an allowance recorded:	With an allowance recorded:									With an allowance recorded:
Real estate loans:	Real estate loans:									Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	64		1		66		1		One-to-four family	300		1		64		1

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	258		0		338		0		Reverse mortgage and other	—		—		258		—

		322		1		404		1			300		1		322		1
Total impaired loans	Total impaired loans	$	15,961	$	211	$	8,916	$	90	Total impaired loans	$	7,511	$	38	$	15,961	$	211

For purposes of this disclosure, the unpaid principal balance is not reduced for partial charge-offs. Cash basis interest income is not materially different than interest income recognized.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

Nonperforming loans include individually evaluated impaired loans, loans for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest.

The following tables present by loan class the aging analysis based on contractual terms, nonaccrual loans, and the Company’s recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of the periods presented:


		March 31, 2021																	March 31, 2022
		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Nonaccruing		Loans Receivable > 89 Days and Accruing			30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Nonaccruing		Loans Receivable > 89 Days and Accruing

		(Dollars in thousands)																	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:	Real estate loans:																	Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	2,773	$	2,187	$	2,834	$	7,794	$	163,251	$	171,045	$	4,457	$	0	One-to-four family	$	210	$	189	$	2,776	$	3,175	$	91,526	$	94,701	$	2,986	$	—
Multi-family	Multi-family	0		0		0		0		74,003		74,003		0		0		Multi-family	—		—		—		—		9,367		9,367		—		—
Commercial	Commercial	0		0		0		0		287,411		287,411		0		0		Commercial	—		—		—		—		80,273		80,273		—		—
Construction	Construction	0		0		0		0		5,172		5,172		0		0		Construction	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial	Commercial and industrial	0		0		0		0		118,598		118,598		0		0		Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		—		432,533		432,533		—		—

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	0		0		0		0		1,346		1,346		876		0		Reverse mortgage and other	—		—		—		—		1,147		1,147		646		—
Mortgage warehouse	Mortgage warehouse	0		0		0		0		76,014		76,014		0		0		Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		125,435		125,435		—		—
Total gross loans held-for-investment		$	2,773	$	2,187	$	2,834	$	7,794	$	725,795	$	733,589	$	5,333	$	0
Total loans held-for-investment																		Total loans held-for-investment	$	210	$	189	$	2,776	$	3,175	$	740,281	$	743,456	$	3,632	$	—

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		December 31, 2020																	December 31, 2021
		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Nonaccruing		Loans Receivable > 89 Days and Accruing			30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Nonaccruing		Loans Receivable > 89 Days and Accruing

		(Dollars in thousands)																	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:	Real estate loans:																	Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	992	$	85	$	3,820	$	4,897	$	182,958	$	187,855	$	4,113	$	0	One-to-four family	$	1,176	$	—	$	2,985	$	4,161	$	101,677	$	105,838	$	3,080	$	—
Multi-family	Multi-family	206		0		0		206		76,920		77,126		0		0		Multi-family	—		—		—		—		56,855		56,855		—		—
Commercial	Commercial	0		0		0		0		301,901		301,901		0		0		Commercial	—		—		—		—		210,126		210,126		—		—
Construction	Construction	0		0		0		0		6,272		6,272		0		0		Construction	—		—		—		—		7,502		7,502		—		—
Commercial and industrial	Commercial and industrial	0		0		0		0		78,909		78,909		0		0		Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		—		335,362		335,362		—		—

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	0		0		0		0		1,495		1,495		869		0		Reverse mortgage and other	—		—		—		—		1,422		1,422		923		—
Mortgage warehouse	Mortgage warehouse	0		0		0		0		97,903		97,903		0		0		Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		177,115		177,115		—		—
Total gross loans held-for-investment		$	1,198	$	85	$	3,820	$	5,103	$	746,358	$	751,461	$	4,982	$	0
Total loans held-for-investment																		Total loans held-for-investment	$	1,176	$	—	$	2,985	$	4,161	$	890,059	$	894,220	$	4,003	$	—

Troubled Debt Restructurings

A loan is identified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and, for economic or legal reasons related to these difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. The Company has granted a concession when, as a result of the restructuring, it does not expect to collect all amounts due or within the time periods originally due under the original contract, including one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a temporary forbearance with regard to the payment of principal or interest. All troubled debt restructurings are reviewed for potential impairment. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a minimum period of six months to demonstrate that the borrower can perform under the restructured terms. If the borrower’s performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan. Loans classified as TDRs are reported as impaired loans.

As of March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, the Company had a recorded investment in TDRs of ~~$1.5 million and $1.5 million, respectively.~~$1.7 million. The Company has allocated ~~$11,000~~$28,000 of specific allowance for those loans at March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~$11,000~~$29,000 at December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. The Company has not committed to ~~lend~~advance additional amounts toon these TDRs. ~~NaN~~No loans were modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 or ~~2020.~~2021.

A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. There were 0no loans modified as TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 or ~~2020.~~2021. There was 0no provision for loan loss or charge-offs for TDR’s that subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021 or 2020.~~

~~COVID-19 Related Modifications~~

In March 2020, Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that such modifications made on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not TDRs. In December 2020, CARES Act was extended to allow eligible loan modifications until the earlier of January 1, 2022 or the date that is 60 days after the termination date of the national emergency. In accordance with interagency guidance issued in April 2020, short-term modifications made to a borrower affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and governmental shutdown orders, such as payment deferrals, fee waivers and extensions of repayment terms, do not need to be identified as TDRs if the loans were current at the time a modification plan was implemented. The Company elected to adopt the provisions of the CARES Act for modifications that meet the requirements described above.2021.

In April 2020, the Company implemented a short-term loan modification program for customers impacted financially by the COVID-19 pandemic to provide temporary relief to certain borrowers who meet the program’s qualifications. The program was offered to borrowers to modify their existing loans to temporarily defer principal and/or interest payments for a specified period of time, extend loan maturity dates and/or waive certain loan covenants. Deferred payments may be extended for continued hardship, on a case by case basis, where COVID-19 related issues continue to persist. Due to the fluid nature of COVID-19, this program has been evolving in order to provide maximum relief to bank borrowers. The majority of short-term loan modifications for commercial real estate loan borrowers consist of deferred payments which may include principal, interest

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and escrow. Deferred interest is capitalized to the loan balance and deferred principal is added to the maturity or payoff date. For one-to-four family residential real estate loans, the majority of short-term modifications consist of deferring full monthly payment of principal, interest and escrow, with deferred payments due at maturity or payoff of the loan. Loans qualifying for these modifications are not required to be reported as a TDR, delinquent, nonaccrual, impaired or criticized solely as a result of a COVID-19 loan modification for the months of payment deferrals. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their modified contractual payments. None of the modified loans met the criteria of a TDR under the CARES Act or the related interagency statement.

As of March 31, 2021, loans representing $65.3 million in loan balances, or 8.9% of total gross loans held-for-investment, with the majority of the balance consisting of $40.0 million of commercial real estate loans in the hospitality sector, were still under modification, deferring a portion or all of the contractual payments.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. This analysis typically includes larger, nonhomogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:


Pass:						Loans in all classes that are not adversely rated, are contractually current as to principal and interest, and are otherwise in compliance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management believes that there is a low likelihood of loss related to those loans that are considered pass.

Special mention:						Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard:						Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

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Doubtful:						Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss:						Credits rated as loss are charged-off. Management has no expectation of the recovery of any payments in respect of credits rated as loss.

The following tables present by portfolio class the Company’s internal risk grading system as well as certain other information concerning the credit quality of the Company’s recorded investment in loans held-for-investment as of the periods presented. No assets were classified as loss or doubtful during the periods presented.


		Credit Risk Grades											Credit Risk Grades
		Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total			Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total

		(Dollars in thousands)											(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
March 31, 2022												March 31, 2022
Real estate loans:	Real estate loans:											Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	163,313	$	3,275	$	4,457	$	0	$	171,045	One-to-four family	$	91,166	$	549	$	2,986	$	—	$	94,701
Multi-family	Multi-family	74,003		0		0		0		74,003		Multi-family	9,367		—		—		—		9,367
Commercial	Commercial	265,135		14,402		7,874		0		287,411		Commercial	65,305		13,732		1,236		—		80,273
Construction	Construction	5,172		0		0		0		5,172		Construction	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial	Commercial and industrial	118,361		0		237		0		118,598		Commercial and industrial	432,533		—		—		—		432,533

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	470		0		876		0		1,346		Reverse mortgage and other	501		—		646		—		1,147
Mortgage warehouse	Mortgage warehouse	76,014		0		0		0		76,014		Mortgage warehouse	125,435		—		—		—		125,435
Total gross loans held-for-investment		$	702,468	$	17,677	$	13,444	$	0	$	733,589
Total loans held-for-investment												Total loans held-for-investment	$	724,307	$	14,281	$	4,868	$	—	$	743,456


	Credit Risk Grades
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2021
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	102,307	$	451	$	3,080	$	—	$	105,838
Multi-family	56,855		—		—		—		56,855
Commercial	199,598		10,528		—		—		210,126
Construction	7,502		—		—		—		7,502
Commercial and industrial	335,362		—		—		—		335,362

Reverse mortgage and other	499		—		923		—		1,422
Mortgage warehouse	177,115		—		—		—		177,115
Total loans held-for-investment	$	879,238	$	10,979	$	4,003	$	—	$	894,220

Purchases and Sales

The following table presents loans held-for-investment purchased and/or sold during the year by portfolio segment:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022				2021
	Purchases		Sales(1)		Purchases		Sales

	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:

Multi-family	$	—	$	54,227	$	—	$	—
Commercial	—		155,011		—		—
Construction	—		6,823		—		—




	$	—	$	216,061	$	—	$	—

________________________

(1)In conjunction with the loan sale during the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company purchased a participating interest of $67.6 million of the loans sold to the buyer.

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Credit Risk Grades
Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total
(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family $ 180,458 $ 3,284 $ 4,113 $ 0 $ 187,855
Multi-family 77,126 0 0 0 77,126
Commercial 288,309 5,825 7,767 0 301,901
Construction 6,272 0 0 0 6,272
Commercial and industrial 78,635 0 274 0 78,909
Reverse mortgage and other 626 0 869 0 1,495
Mortgage warehouse 97,903 0 0 0 97,903
Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 729,329 $ 9,109 $ 13,023 $ 0 $ 751,461

Related Party Loans

The Company had no outstanding balance of related party loans ~~with an~~at March 31, 2022 and $7.7 million outstanding ~~balance of $5.5 million and $5.0 million~~ as of ~~March 31, 2021 and~~ December 31, ~~2020, respectively.~~2021. During the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company ~~advanced $2.0~~received $7.7 million ~~of related party loans~~in proceeds from loan sales and ~~received $1.5 million in~~ principal payments.

Note 4—FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings

Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) Advances

The following table sets forth certain information on our FHLB advances during the period presented:

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021 Year Ended
December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Amount outstanding at period-end 0 0
Weighted average interest rate at period-end 0 0
Maximum month-end balance during the period 0 $ 360,000
Average balance outstanding during the period 0 $ 68,522
Weighted average interest rate during the period 0 0.50 %


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022			Year Ended December 31, 2021

	(Dollars in thousands)
Amount outstanding at period-end	$	800,000		$	—
Weighted average interest rate at period-end	0.43		%	—

FHLB advances ~~are~~or borrowing capacity can be secured with eligible collateral consisting of ~~certain~~qualifying real estate ~~loans.~~loans or certain securities. Advances from the FHLB are subject to the FHLB’s collateral and underwriting requirements and as of March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, were limited in the aggregate to 35% of the ~~Company’s~~Bank’s total assets. Loans ~~with carrying values~~and securities of approximately ~~$1.4~~$2.4 billion and ~~$1.5~~$1.4 billion were pledged to the FHLB as of March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively. Unused borrowing capacity based on the lesser of the percentage of total assets and pledged collateral was approximately ~~$866.7 million~~$1.2 billion and ~~$893.0 million~~$1.0 billion as of March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively.

FRB Advances

The ~~Company~~Bank is also approved to borrow through the Discount Window of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco on a collateralized basis without any fixed dollar limit. Loans with a carrying value of approximately ~~$6.2~~$5.2 million and ~~$6.3~~$6.0 million were pledged to the FRB at March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively. The ~~Company’s~~Bank’s borrowing capacity under the Federal Reserve’s discount window program was approximately ~~$5.1~~$2.9 million and ~~$4.8~~$5.2 million as of March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively. At March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, there were ~~0 borrowings outstanding under any of these lines.~~no FRB advances outstanding.

Federal Funds Purchased

The ~~Company~~Bank may borrow up to an aggregate ~~$68.0~~$108.0 million, overnight on an unsecured basis, from 32 of its correspondent banks. Access to these funds is subject to liquidity availability, market conditions and any negative material change in the ~~Company’s~~Bank’s credit profile. As of March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, the Company had 0no outstanding balance of federal funds purchased.

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Note 5—Intangible Assets

On January 31, 2022 the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) under which it acquired from the Libra Association, Diem Networks US HoldCo, Inc., Diem Networks US, Inc., Diem Networks II LLC, Diem LLC, and Diem Networks LLC, (collectively, the “Sellers”) certain intellectual property and other technology assets related to running a blockchain-based payment network. The assets acquired by the Company included development, deployment and operations infrastructure and tools for running a blockchain-based payment network designed to facilitate payments for commerce and cross-border remittances as well as proprietary software elements that are critical to running a regulatory-compliant stablecoin network. The technology is currently in a pre-launch phase, and no related amortization expense has been recorded for the acquired asset. The amortization period will begin when the developed technology is available for intended use.

Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the aggregate purchase price for the acquired assets consisted of (i) $50.0 million in cash consideration and (ii) 1,221,217 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The value of the total transaction consideration was $181.6 million. The Company accounted for the purchase as an asset acquisition and capitalized direct transaction costs related to the purchase of $8.4 million, bringing the total intangible asset to $190.0 million at March 31, 2022.

Note 6—Subordinated Debentures, Net

A trust formed by the Company issued $12.5 million of floating rate trust preferred securities in July 2001 as part of a pooled offering of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trust in exchange for its proceeds from the offering. The debentures and related accrued interest represent substantially all of the assets of the trust. The subordinated debentures bear interest at six-month LIBOR plus 375 basis points, which adjusts every six months in January and July of each

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year. Interest is payable semiannually. At March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the interest rate for the Company’s next scheduled payment was ~~3.98%~~4.19%, based on six-month LIBOR of ~~0.23%~~0.44%. On any January 25 or July 25 the Company may redeem the 2001 subordinated debentures at 100% of principal amount plus accrued interest. The 2001 subordinated debentures mature on July 25, 2031.

A second trust formed by the Company issued $3.0 million of trust preferred securities in January 2005 as part of a pooled offering of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trust in exchange for its proceeds from the offering. The debentures and related accrued interest represent substantially all of the assets of the trust. The subordinated debentures bear interest at three-month LIBOR plus 185 basis points, which adjusts every three months. Interest is payable quarterly. At March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the interest rate for the Company’s next scheduled payment was ~~2.03%~~2.68%, based on three-month LIBOR of ~~0.18%~~0.83%. On the 15th day of any March, June, September, or December, the Company may redeem the 2005 subordinated debentures at 100% of principal amount plus accrued interest. The 2005 subordinated debentures mature on March 15, 2035.

The Company also retained a 3% minority interest in each of these trusts which is included in subordinated debentures. The balance of the equity in the trusts is comprised of mandatorily redeemable preferred securities. The subordinated debentures may be included in Tier I capital (with certain limitations applicable) under current regulatory guidelines and interpretations. The Company has the right to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures from time to time for a period not to exceed five years.

The outstanding balance of the subordinated debentures was $15.8 million, net of $0.1 million unamortized debt issuance ~~cost~~costs as of March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~$15.8 million, net of $0.1 million unamortized debt issuance costs as of~~ December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

Note 6—7—Derivative and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The Company utilizes interest rate derivatives as part of its asset liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. The notional amount of the derivative does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual derivative agreements. In accordance with accounting guidance, changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges are initially recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“~~OCI”~~AOCI”), reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings and is presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The Company assesses the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument with the changes in cash flows of the designated hedged transactions. For cash flow and fair value hedges, the initial fair value of hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness is recognized in earnings under a systematic and rational method over the life of the hedging instrument and is presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. Any difference between the change in the fair value of the hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness and the amounts recognized in earnings is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. For a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item, are recognized in current earnings as fair values change. The ~~changes~~change in fair value of the hedged item is recorded as a basis adjustment to the hedged assets or liabilities. The amount included as a basis ~~adjustments~~adjustment would be reclassified to current earnings on a straight-line basis over the original life of the hedged item should the hedges no longer be considered effective.

Interest rate swaps. In 2020, the Company entered into 2 pay-fixed/receive floating rate interest rate swaps (the “Swap Agreements”) for a notional amount of $14.3 million that were designated as fair value hedges of certain available-for-sale securities. The Swap Agreements were determined to be fully effective during the periods presented and therefore no amount of ineffectiveness has been included in net income. In October 2021, the Company sold the swaps and related securities, which resulted in a gain of $0.9 million related to the swaps to be recognized immediately. The gain was recorded in other noninterest income on the statement of operations. The Swap Agreements ~~are~~were based on three-month LIBOR and ~~expire~~had original expiration dates in 2030 and 2031. The Company expects the Swap Agreements to remain effective during the remaining term of the Swap Agreements. The Company may receive collateral or may be required to post collateral based upon the market valuation. As of March 31, 2021, the Company held $0.3 million in cash collateral posted by the counterparty.

Interest rate floors. In 2019, the Company entered into 20 interest rate floor agreements (the “Floor Agreements”) for a total notional amount of $400.0 million to hedge cash flow receipts on cash and securities or loans, if needed. The original Floor Agreements expire on various dates in April 2024 and July 2029. The Company utilizes one-month LIBOR and three-month LIBOR interest rate floors as hedges against adverse changes in cash flows on the designated cash, securities or loans attributable to fluctuations in the federal funds rate or three-month LIBOR below 2.50% or 2.25%, as applicable. The Floor Agreements were determined to be fully effective during all periods presented and, as such, no amount of ineffectiveness has

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been included in net income. The upfront fee paid to the counterparty in entering into these Floor Agreements was approximately $20.8 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company sold $200.0 million of its total $400.0 million notional amount of interest rate floors for $13.0 million, which resulted in a net gain of $8.4 million, to be recognized over the weighted average remaining term of 4.1 years. The remaining agreements are one-month LIBOR floors with a strike price of 2.25% and expire in July 2029.

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Interest rate caps. In ~~March~~ 2021, the Company entered into 1326 interest rate cap agreements with a total notional amount of ~~$205.0~~$552.8 million (“Federal Funds Rate Cap Agreements”). The Federal Funds Rate Cap Agreements are designated as fair value hedges against changes in the fair value of certain fixed rate tax-exempt municipal bonds. The Company utilizes the interest rate caps as hedges against adverse changes in interest rates on the designated securities attributable to fluctuations in the federal funds rate above 2.00%, as applicable. An increase in the benchmark interest rate hedged reduces the fair value of these assets. The Federal Funds Rate Cap Agreements expire on various dates from 2027 to 2032. The upfront fee paid to the counterparties was approximately ~~$9.5~~$24.7 million. The Company expects the Federal Funds Rate Cap Agreements to remain effective during the remaining term of the respective agreements. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company sold certain tax-exempt municipal bonds and $16.5 million notional amount of the related interest rate caps for $1.1 million in proceeds for the interest rate caps and recognized a gain of $0.4 million which was recognized immediately in other noninterest income on the statement of operations.

In 2012, the Company entered into a $12.5 million and a $3.0 million notional forward interest rate cap agreement (the “LIBOR Cap Agreements”) to hedge its variable rate subordinated debentures. The $3.0 million LIBOR Cap Agreement matured during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The remaining $12.5 million LIBOR Cap Agreement expires July 25, 2022. The Company utilized these LIBOR Cap Agreements ~~expire July 25, 2022 and March 15, 2022, respectively. The Company utilizes interest rate caps~~ as hedges against adverse changes in cash flows ~~on the designated preferred trusts~~ attributable to fluctuations in three-month LIBOR beyond 0.50% for the $3.0 million subordinated ~~debenture~~debentures and six-month LIBOR beyond 0.75% for the $12.5 million subordinated ~~debenture.~~debentures. The Cap Agreements were determined to be fully effective during all periods presented and, as such, no amount of ineffectiveness has been included in net income. The upfront fee paid to the counterparty in entering into these LIBOR Cap Agreements was approximately $2.5 million.

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as the classification within the consolidated statements of financial condition.

March 31,
2021

December 31,
2020

March 31,
2022

December 31,
2021

Balance Sheet
Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet
Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet
Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet
Location

Fair Value

(Dollars in thousands)

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:

Cash flow hedge interest rate floor

Derivative assets

22,451

Derivative assets

30,766

Cash flow hedge interest rate floor

Derivative assets

13,671

Derivative assets

18,992

Cash flow hedge interest rate cap

Derivative assets

Cash flow hedge interest rate cap

Derivative assets

—

Derivative assets

—

Fair value hedge interest rate swap

Derivative assets

1,410

Derivative assets

338

Fair value hedge interest rate cap

Derivative assets

10,581

Derivative assets

Fair value hedge interest rate cap

Derivative assets

32,744

Derivative assets

15,064

The following table presents the cumulative basis adjustments on hedged items designated as fair value hedges and the related amortized cost of those items as of the periods presented.


		Carrying Amount of the Hedged Asset (Liability)				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)					Carrying Amount of the Hedged Asset (Liability)				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020			March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
Line Item in the Statement of Financial Condition of Hedged Item:	Line Item in the Statement of Financial Condition of Hedged Item:									Line Item in the Statement of Financial Condition of Hedged Item:
Securities available-for-sale	Securities available-for-sale	$	204,627	$	15,367	$	(2,153)	$	(278)	Securities available-for-sale	$	742,461	$	697,437	$	(3,347)	$	—

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The following table summarizes the effects of derivatives in cash flow and fair value hedging relationships designated as hedging instruments on the Company’s ~~OCI~~AOCI and consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented.


		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income					Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021		2020			2021		2020			2022		2021			2022		2021

		(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:	Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:										Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedge interest rate floor	Cash flow hedge interest rate floor	$	(1,450)	$	6,096	Interest income - Other interest earning assets	$	136	$	125	Cash flow hedge interest rate floor	$	(857)	$	(1,450)	Interest income - Other interest earning assets	$	131	$	136
Cash flow hedge interest rate floor	Cash flow hedge interest rate floor	(5,800)		17,666		Interest income - Taxable securities	1,052		117		Cash flow hedge interest rate floor	(3,426)		(5,800)		Interest income - Taxable securities	1,032		1,052
Cash flow hedge interest rate cap	Cash flow hedge interest rate cap	0		(280)		Interest expense - Subordinated debentures	(99)		(55)		Cash flow hedge interest rate cap	—		—		Interest expense - Subordinated debentures	(96)		(99)

Fair value hedge interest rate cap(1)	Fair value hedge interest rate cap(1)	375		0							Fair value hedge interest rate cap(1)	19,448		375

________________________

(1)Represents amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness for which the difference between changes in fair value and periodic amortization is recorded in other comprehensive income.

The Company estimates that approximately ~~$4.8~~$1.6 million of net derivative gain for cash flow hedges included in ~~OCI~~AOCI will be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months. No gain or loss was reclassified from ~~OCI~~AOCI into earnings as a result of forecasted transactions that failed to occur during the periods presented.

The following table presents the effect of fair value hedge accounting on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented.


		Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Fair Value Hedging Relationships									Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
		Three Months Ended March 31,									Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021				2020					2022				2021
		Interest income - Taxable securities		Interest income - Tax-exempt securities		Interest income - Taxable securities		Interest income - Tax-exempt securities			Interest income - Taxable securities		Interest income - Tax-exempt securities		Interest income - Taxable securities		Interest income - Tax-exempt securities

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
Total interest income presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded	Total interest income presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded	$	3,592	$	1,695	$	6,048	$	48	Total interest income presented in the statement of operations in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded	$	17,779	$	13,184	$	3,592	$	1,695
Effects of fair value hedging relationships	Effects of fair value hedging relationships									Effects of fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts:	Interest rate contracts:									Interest rate contracts:
Hedged items	Hedged items	$	(1,072)	$	(743)	$	0	$	0	Hedged items	$	—	$	(3,701)	$	(1,072)	$	(743)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	1,053		743		0		0		Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	—		3,701		1,053		743
Amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on amortization approach	Amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on amortization approach	—		(25)		—		0		Amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on amortization approach	—		(610)		—		(25)

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Note 7—8—Income Taxes

Comparison of the federal statutory income tax rates to the Company’s effective income tax rates for the periods presented are as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,									Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021				2020					2022				2021
		Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate			Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
Statutory federal tax	Statutory federal tax	$	2,415	21.0	%	$	1,295	21.0	%	Statutory federal tax	$	7,222	21.0	%	$	2,415	21.0	%
State tax, net of federal benefit	State tax, net of federal benefit	(451)		(3.9)	%	494		8.0	%	State tax, net of federal benefit	2,840		8.3	%	(451)		(3.9)	%

Tax credits	Tax credits	(41)		(0.4)	%	(56)		(0.9)	%	Tax credits	(38)		(0.1)	%	(41)		(0.4)	%
Tax-exempt income		(347)		(3.0)	%	0		0
Tax-exempt income, net										Tax-exempt income, net	(2,994)		(8.7)	%	(347)		(3.0)	%
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	(3,003)		(26.1)	%	0		0		Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	(29)		(0.1)	%	(3,003)		(26.1)	%
Other items, net	Other items, net	216		1.9	%	41		0.7	%	Other items, net	14		0.0	%	216		1.9	%
Actual tax (benefit) expense		$	(1,211)	(10.5)	%	$	1,774	28.8	%
Actual tax expense (benefit)										Actual tax expense (benefit)	$	7,015	20.4	%	$	(1,211)	(10.5)	%

Income tax expense was $7.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to a benefit ~~was~~of $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021 compared to an expense of $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.~~2021. The effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were 20.4% and ~~2020 were~~ (10.5)% ~~and 28.8%~~, respectively. The ~~decrease in the income~~ tax expense and ~~the Company’s~~ effective tax rate ~~was primarily related to excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation and~~for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were reduced by a significant increase in tax-exempt income earned on certain municipal ~~bonds.~~bonds compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The lower effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was due to higher excess tax benefits recognized on the exercise of stock options.

The deferred tax ~~liability~~asset balance as of March 31, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~$10.2~~$97.1 million compared to ~~$15.4~~$6.5 million as of December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. The ~~primary change~~increase in ~~balance was due~~the deferred tax asset is attributable to the ~~decrease in~~ unrealized ~~gains~~losses on the available-for-sale securities ~~portfolio and derivative assets.~~portfolio.

Note 89 —Commitments and Contingencies

Off-Balance Sheet Items

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company enters into these transactions to meet the financing needs of its customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and issue letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk exceeding the amounts recognized on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments. The Company is not aware of any accounting loss to be incurred by funding these commitments, however, an allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk is recorded in other liabilities on the statements of financial condition. The allowance for these commitments amounted to approximately ~~$0.3~~$1.6 million and ~~$0.1~~$0.6 million at March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively.

The Company’s commitments associated with outstanding letters of credit and commitments to extend credit expiring by period as of the date indicated are summarized below. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the amounts shown do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.


		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020			March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

		(Dollars in thousands)					(Dollars in thousands)
Unfunded lines of credit	Unfunded lines of credit	$	119,931	$	49,487	Unfunded lines of credit	$	643,609	$	248,092
Letters of credit	Letters of credit	133		133		Letters of credit	821		484
Total credit extension commitments	Total credit extension commitments	$	120,064	$	49,620	Total credit extension commitments	$	644,430	$	248,576

Unfunded lines of credit represent unused credit facilities to the Company’s current borrowers that represent no change in credit risk that exist in the Company’s portfolio. Lines of credit generally have variable interest rates. Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event of nonperformance by the customer in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, the Company would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. If the commitment is funded, the Company would be entitled to seek recovery from the client from the underlying collateral, which can include commercial real estate, physical plant and property, inventory, receivables, bitcoin, cash and/or marketable securities. The Company’s policies generally require that letter

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of credit arrangements contain security and debt covenants like those contained in loan agreements and our credit risk associated with issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as the risk involved in extending loan facilities to customers.

The Company minimizes its exposure to loss under letters of credit and credit commitments by subjecting them to the same credit approval and monitoring procedures used for on-balance sheet instruments. The effect on the Company’s revenue, expenses, cash flows and liquidity of the unused portions of these letters of credit commitments cannot be precisely predicted because there is no guarantee that the lines of credit will be used.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract, for a specific purpose. Commitments generally have variable interest rates, fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts disclosed above do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained if deemed necessary by the Company is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Litigation

The Company is involved in various matters of litigation which have arisen in the ordinary course of its business. In the opinion of management, the disposition of such pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Note 9—10—Stock-based Compensation

In June 2018, the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Compensation Plan, or 2018 Plan, that permits the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, to grant various forms of incentive awards. Under the 2018 Plan, the Compensation Committee has the power to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, or SARs, restricted stock and restricted stock units. The number of shares that may be issued pursuant to awards under the 2018 Plan is 1,596,753.

In accordance with authoritative guidance for stock-based compensation, compensation expense is recognized only for those shares expected to vest, based on the Company’s historical experience and future expectations. The Company has elected a policy of estimating expected forfeitures.

Total stock-based compensation expense was ~~$0.3~~$0.7 million and ~~$0.2~~$0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, ~~and 2020,~~ respectively.

Stock Options

A summary of stock option activity as of March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and changes during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 is presented below:

Number of
Options Weighted
Average Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(in years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2021 595,303 $ 8.01
Granted 18,585 127.56
Exercised (159,122) 4.76
Forfeited or expired (2,272) 16.09
Outstanding at March 31, 2021 452,494 $ 14.03 4.6 years $ 57,984
Exercisable at March 31, 2021 292,311 $ 6.10 2.4 years $ 39,775
Vested or Expected to Vest at March 31, 2021 436,078 $ 13.49 4.5 years $ 56,113


	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2022	191,191	$	24.97
Granted	29,117	110.84
Exercised	(1,840)	16.09
Forfeited or expired	(1,511)	16.09
Outstanding at March 31, 2022	216,957	$	36.63	7.3 years	$	24,720
Exercisable at March 31, 2022	99,654	$	19.28	6.0 years	$	13,083
Vested or Expected to Vest at March 31, 2022	209,715	$	36.34	7.2 years	$	23,956

As of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, there was ~~$1.4~~$2.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of ~~2.8~~2.4 years.

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Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock unit awards as of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, and changes during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, is presented below:


		Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share			Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested at January 1, 2021		58,690	$	15.61
Nonvested at January 1, 2022					Nonvested at January 1, 2022	56,871	$	72.53
Granted	Granted	25,722	$	127.56	Granted	43,165	$	110.84
Vested	Vested	(294)	$	14.89	Vested	(7,128)	$	122.91
Forfeited	Forfeited	(849)	$	26.33	Forfeited	(1,029)	$	71.99
Nonvested at March 31, 2021		83,269	$	50.08
Nonvested at March 31, 2022					Nonvested at March 31, 2022	91,879	$	86.63

At March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, there was approximately ~~$3.2~~$6.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock unit awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of ~~3.0~~2.6 years.

Note ~~10—~~11—Regulatory Capital

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. The final rules implementing Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. banks (Basel III rules) became effective for the Company on January 1, 2015 with full compliance with all of the requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule, and fully phased in by January 1, 2019. Under the Basel III rules, the Company must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. As of January 1, 2019, the capital conservation buffer had fully phased in to 2.50%. Inclusive of the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer, the common equity tier 1 capital ratio, tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and total risk-based capital ratio minimums are 7.00%, 8.50% and 10.50%, respectively. The Company and the Bank’s regulatory capital reflects the one-time AOCI opt-out election made in the first reporting period after it was subject to capital requirements and therefore the net unrealized gain or loss on available for sale securities and derivatives are not included in computing regulatory capital. Management believes, as of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. For the periods presented, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution’s category.

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Actual capital amounts and ratios for the Company and the Bank as of March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, are presented in the following tables:


		Actual				Minimum capital adequacy(1)				To be well capitalized					Actual				Minimum capital adequacy(1)				To be well capitalized
		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

		(Dollars in thousands)													(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
March 31, 2022														March 31, 2022
The Company	The Company													The Company
Tier 1 leverage ratio	Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	698,604	9.68	%	$	288,754	4.00	%	N/A		N/A		Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	1,597,946	9.68	%	$	660,633	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	683,104		53.03	%	57,967		4.50	%	N/A		N/A		Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	1,388,825		38.97	%	160,360		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	698,604		54.23	%	77,289		6.00	%	N/A		N/A		Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	1,597,946		44.84	%	213,813		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Total risk-based capital ratio	Total risk-based capital ratio	705,820		54.79	%	103,052		8.00	%	N/A		N/A		Total risk-based capital ratio	1,603,983		45.01	%	285,084		8.00	%	N/A		N/A
The Bank	The Bank													The Bank
Tier 1 leverage ratio	Tier 1 leverage ratio	685,463		9.50	%	288,744		4.00	%	$	360,930	5.00	%	Tier 1 leverage ratio	1,577,199		9.51	%	663,196		4.00	%	$	828,995	5.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	685,463		53.24	%	57,934		4.50	%	83,682		6.50	%	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	1,577,199		44.28	%	160,273		4.50	%	231,505		6.50	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	685,463		53.24	%	77,245		6.00	%	102,994		8.00	%	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	1,577,199		44.28	%	213,697		6.00	%	284,929		8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio	Total risk-based capital ratio	692,679		53.80	%	102,994		8.00	%	128,742		10.00	%	Total risk-based capital ratio	1,583,236		44.45	%	284,929		8.00	%	356,161		10.00	%


		Actual				Minimum capital adequacy(1)				To be well capitalized					Actual				Minimum capital adequacy(1)				To be well capitalized
		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

		(Dollars in thousands)													(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2021														December 31, 2021
The Company	The Company													The Company
Tier 1 leverage ratio	Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	263,763	8.29	%	$	127,338	4.00	%	N/A		N/A		Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	1,631,257	11.07	%	$	589,614	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	248,263		21.53	%	51,882		4.50	%	N/A		N/A		Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	1,422,136		49.53	%	129,198		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	263,763		22.88	%	69,176		6.00	%	N/A		N/A		Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	1,631,257		56.82	%	172,264		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Total risk-based capital ratio	Total risk-based capital ratio	270,803		23.49	%	92,234		8.00	%	N/A		N/A		Total risk-based capital ratio	1,638,794		57.08	%	229,686		8.00	%	N/A		N/A
The Bank	The Bank													The Bank
Tier 1 leverage ratio	Tier 1 leverage ratio	261,791		8.22	%	127,344		4.00	%	$	159,180	5.00	%	Tier 1 leverage ratio	1,546,693		10.49	%	589,595		4.00	%	$	736,994	5.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	261,791		22.71	%	51,869		4.50	%	74,923		6.50	%	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	1,546,693		53.89	%	129,162		4.50	%	186,567		6.50	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	261,791		22.71	%	69,159		6.00	%	92,212		8.00	%	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	1,546,693		53.89	%	172,216		6.00	%	229,622		8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio	Total risk-based capital ratio	268,831		23.32	%	92,212		8.00	%	115,265		10.00	%	Total risk-based capital ratio	1,554,230		54.15	%	229,622		8.00	%	287,027		10.00	%

________________________

(1)Minimum capital adequacy for common equity tier 1 capital ratio, tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and total risk-based capital ratio excludes the capital conservation buffer.

The Bank is restricted as to the amount of dividends that it can pay to the Company. Dividends declared in excess of the lesser of the Bank’s undivided profits or the Bank’s net income for its last three fiscal years less the amount of any distribution made to the Bank’s shareholder during the same period must be approved by the California DFPI. Also, the Bank may not pay dividends that would result in capital levels being reduced below the minimum requirements shown above.

Note ~~11—~~12—Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This standard’s fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

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Level 2—Significant observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3—Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Financial Instruments Required To Be Carried At Fair Value

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value:

Securities. The fair values of securities available-for-sale and trading securities are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1) or. For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2), using matrix pricing. Matrix pricing ~~which~~ is a mathematical technique commonly used ~~widely in the industry~~ to ~~value~~price debt securities that are not actively traded, which values debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2)2 inputs).

Derivatives. The Company’s derivative assets and liabilities are carried at fair value as required by GAAP. The estimated fair values of the derivative assets and liabilities are based on current market prices for similar instruments. Given the meaningful level of secondary market activity for derivative contracts, active pricing is available for similar assets and accordingly, the Company classifies its derivative assets and liabilities as Level 2.

Impaired loans (collateral-dependent). The Company does not record impaired loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, fair value adjustments are recorded on these loans to reflect (1) partial write-downs, through charge-offs or specific allowances, that are based on the current appraised or market-quoted value of the underlying collateral or (2) the full charge-off of the loan carrying value. In some cases, the properties for which market quotes or appraised values have been obtained are located in areas where comparable sales data is limited, outdated, or unavailable. Fair value estimates for collateral-dependent impaired loans are obtained from real estate brokers or other third-party consultants. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches, which generally include various Level 3 inputs. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available and such adjustments are typically significant. Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic factors and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of these possible adjustments may vary. Impaired loans presented in the table below as of the periods presented include impaired loans with specific allowances as well as impaired loans that have been partially charged-off.

~~Other real estate owned~~. Fair value estimates for foreclosed real estate are obtained from real estate brokers or other third-party consultants (Level 3). When a current appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value as a result of known changes in the market or the collateral and there is no observable market price, such valuation inputs result in a fair value measurement that is categorized as a Level 3 measurement. To the extent a negotiated sales price or reduced listing price represents a significant discount to an observable market price, such valuation input would result in a fair value measurement that is also considered a Level 3 measurement.

The following tables provide the hierarchy and fair value for each class of assets and liabilities measured at fair value ~~at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.~~for the periods presented.

As of March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:


		Fair Value Measurements Using									Fair Value Measurements Using
		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs					Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
March 31, 2022										March 31, 2022
Assets	Assets									Assets
Trading securities		$	1,990	$	0	$	0	$	1,990

Securities available-for-sale	Securities available-for-sale	0		1,717,418		0		1,717,418		Securities available-for-sale	$	176,343	$	9,287,151	$	—	$	9,463,494
Derivative assets	Derivative assets	0		34,442		0		34,442		Derivative assets	—		46,415		—		46,415
		$	1,990	$	1,751,860	$	0	$	1,753,850		$	176,343	$	9,333,566	$	—	$	9,509,909

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		Fair Value Measurements Using									Fair Value Measurements Using
		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs					Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2021										December 31, 2021
Assets	Assets									Assets

Securities available-for-sale	Securities available-for-sale	$	0	$	939,015	$	0	$	939,015	Securities available-for-sale	$	—	$	8,625,259	$	—	$	8,625,259
Derivative assets	Derivative assets	0		31,104		0		31,104		Derivative assets	—		34,056		—		34,056
		$	0	$	970,119	$	0	$	970,119		$	—	$	8,659,315	$	—	$	8,659,315

~~As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized as follows:~~

Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets Significant Other
Observable
Inputs Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
Assets
Impaired loans:
Reverse mortgage $ 0 $ 0 $ 69 $ 69

December 31, 2020
Assets
Impaired loans:
Reverse mortgage $ 0 $ 0 $ 317 $ 317

~~Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements~~

~~The following table presents the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3~~There were no assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of ~~the date indicated:~~

Fair Value Valuation Technique(s) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs Range
Weighted Average(1)
(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
Collateral-dependent impaired loans $ 69 Market comparable properties Marketability discount 10.0 % 10.0 %
Selling cost 8.0 % 8.0 %
December 31, 2020
Collateral-dependent impaired loans $ 317 Market comparable properties Marketability discount 10.0 % 10.0 %
Selling cost 8.0 % 8.0 %
~~________________________~~

~~(1)Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments.~~

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March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Financial Instruments Not Required To Be Carried At Fair Value

FASB ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, requires the disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments. The Company’s estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of the dates presented:

Carrying
Amount Fair Value Measurements Using
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 16,422 $ 16,422 $ 0 $ 0 $ 16,422
Interest earning deposits 4,315,100 4,315,100 0 0 4,315,100
Loans held-for-sale 897,227 0 897,227 0 897,227
Loans held-for-investment, net 728,390 0 0 732,754 732,754
Accrued interest receivable 9,432 119 2,797 6,516 9,432
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 7,002,371 $ 0 $ 7,269,900 $ 0 $ 7,269,900
Subordinated debentures, net 15,834 0 15,333 0 15,333
Accrued interest payable 107 0 107 0 107


		Carrying Amount		Fair Value Measurements Using									Carrying Amount		Fair Value Measurements Using
				Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total					Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

		(Dollars in thousands)											(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
March 31, 2022												March 31, 2022
Financial assets:	Financial assets:											Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	Cash and due from banks	$	16,405	$	16,405	$	0	$	0	$	16,405	Cash and due from banks	$	207,304	$	207,304	$	—	$	—	$	207,304
Interest earning deposits	Interest earning deposits	2,945,682		2,945,682		0		0		2,945,682		Interest earning deposits	1,178,205		1,178,205		—		—		1,178,205

Securities held-to-maturity												Securities held-to-maturity	2,751,625		1,202,805		1,376,171		—		2,578,976
Loans held-for-sale	Loans held-for-sale	865,961		0		865,961		0		865,961		Loans held-for-sale	937,140		—		937,140		—		937,140
Loans held-for-investment, net	Loans held-for-investment, net	746,751		0		0		751,165		751,165		Loans held-for-investment, net	739,014		—		—		742,784		742,784
Accrued interest receivable	Accrued interest receivable	8,698		8		2,630		6,060		8,698		Accrued interest receivable	62,573		158		17,070		45,345		62,573
Financial liabilities:	Financial liabilities:											Financial liabilities:
Deposits	Deposits	$	5,248,026	$	0	$	5,458,900	$	0	$	5,458,900	Deposits	$	13,396,162	$	—	$	12,839,700	$	—	$	12,839,700

FHLB advances												FHLB advances	800,000		—		800,000		—		800,000

Subordinated debentures, net	Subordinated debentures, net	15,831		0		15,231		0		15,231		Subordinated debentures, net	15,848		—		15,745		—		15,745
Accrued interest payable	Accrued interest payable	260		0		260		0		260		Accrued interest payable	111		—		111		—		111

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	Carrying Amount		Fair Value Measurements Using
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	208,193	$	208,193��	$	—	$	—	$	208,193
Interest earning deposits	5,179,753		5,179,753		—		—		5,179,753

Loans held-for-sale	893,194		—		893,194		—		893,194
Loans held-for-investment, net	887,304		—		—		891,166		891,166
Accrued interest receivable	40,370		41		8,980		31,349		40,370
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	14,290,628	$	—	$	14,167,200	$	—	$	14,167,200



Subordinated debentures, net	15,845		—		15,646		—		15,646
Accrued interest payable	223		—		223		—		223

Note ~~12—~~13—Earnings Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is shown below.


		Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
			2021		2020				2022		2021

			(In thousands, except per share data)						(In thousands, except per share data)
Basic	Basic						Basic
Net income	Net income		$	12,710	$	4,393	Net income		$	27,386	$	12,710

Less: Dividends paid to preferred shareholders							Less: Dividends paid to preferred shareholders		2,688		—
Net income available to common shareholders							Net income available to common shareholders		$	24,698	$	12,710
Weighted average common shares outstanding	Weighted average common shares outstanding		22,504		18,668		Weighted average common shares outstanding		31,219		22,504
Basic earnings per common share	Basic earnings per common share		$	0.56	$	0.24	Basic earnings per common share		$	0.79	$	0.56
Diluted	Diluted						Diluted
Net income			$	12,710	$	4,393
Net income available to common shareholders							Net income available to common shareholders		$	24,698	$	12,710
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share	Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share		22,504		18,668		Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share		31,219		22,504
Add: Dilutive effects of stock-based awards	Add: Dilutive effects of stock-based awards		506		449		Add: Dilutive effects of stock-based awards		182		506
Average shares and dilutive potential common shares	Average shares and dilutive potential common shares		23,010		19,117		Average shares and dilutive potential common shares		31,401		23,010
Dilutive earnings per common share	Dilutive earnings per common share		$	0.55	$	0.23	Dilutive earnings per common share		$	0.79	$	0.55

Stock-based awards for ~~44,000~~48,000 and ~~235,000~~44,000 shares of common stock for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020,~~2021, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, because they were anti-dilutive.

Note ~~13—Subsequent Events~~14—Shareholders’ Equity

AsThe Company’s Articles of ~~May 11,~~Incorporation, as amended, or Articles, authorize the Company to issue up to (i) 125,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class A Common Stock”), (ii) 25,000,000 shares of Class B Non-Voting Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class B Non-Voting Common Stock”), and (iii) 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share.

Preferred Stock

The Company, upon authorization of the board of directors, may issue shares of one or more series of preferred stock from time to time. The board of directors may, without any action by holders of Class A and Class B Common Stock or, except as may be otherwise provided in the terms of any series of preferred stock of which there are shares outstanding, holders of preferred stock adopt resolutions to designate and establish a new series of preferred stock. Upon establishing such a series of preferred stock, the board will determine the number of shares of preferred stock of that series that may be issued and the rights and preferences of that series of preferred stock. The rights of any series of preferred stock may include, among others, general or special voting rights; preferential liquidation or preemptive rights; preferential cumulative or noncumulative dividend rights; redemption or put rights; and conversion or exchange rights.

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On August 4, 2021, the Company issued and sold ~~515,239~~8,000,000 depositary shares (the “Depositary Shares”), each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 5.375% Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share of Series A Preferred Stock, equivalent to $25 per Depositary Share. The aggregate gross proceeds of the offering were $200.0 million and net proceeds to the Company were approximately $193.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. When, as and if declared by the board of directors of the Company, or a duly authorized board committee, dividends will be payable from the date of issuance, quarterly in arrears, beginning on November 15, 2021. The Company may redeem the Series A Preferred Stock at its option, subject to regulatory approval, on or after August 15, 2026.

Preferred Stock Dividend

On October 14, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors declared the first quarterly dividend payment of $15.08 per share, equivalent to $0.377 per depositary share, on its Series A Preferred Stock, for the period covering August 4, 2021 through November 14, 2021 for a total dividend of $3.0 million. The depositary shares representing the Series A Preferred Stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “SI PRA.” The dividend was paid on November 15, 2021 to shareholders of record of the preferred stock as of October 29, 2021.

On January 14, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend payment of $13.44 per share, equivalent to $0.336 per depositary share, on its Series A Preferred Stock, for the period covering November 15, 2021 through February 14, 2022 for a total dividend of $2.7 million. The depositary shares representing the Series A Preferred Stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “SI PRA.” The dividend was paid on February 15, 2022 to shareholders of record of the preferred stock as of January 31, 2022.

Common Stock

Class A Voting Common Stock. Each holder of Class A Common Stock is entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, except as otherwise required by law and subject to the rights and preferences of the holders of any outstanding shares of our preferred stock. The members of the Company’s board of directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast. The Company’s Articles expressly prohibit cumulative voting.

Class B Non-Voting Common Stock. Class B Non-Voting Common Stock is non-voting while held by the initial holder with certain limited exceptions. Each share of Class B Non-Voting Common Stock will automatically convert into a share of Class A Common Stock upon certain sales or transfers by the initial holder of such shares including to an unaffiliated third-party and in a widely dispersed public offering. If Class B Non-Voting Common Stock is sold or transferred to an affiliate of the initial holder, the Class B Non-Voting Common Stock would not convert into Class A Common Stock.

On January 26, 2021, the Company completed its underwritten public offering of 4,563,493 shares of Class A common stock at a price of $63.00 per share, including 595,238 shares of Class A common stock upon the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares. The aggregate gross proceeds of the offering were $287.5 million and net proceeds to the Company were $272.4 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses.

On March 9, 2021, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement pursuant to which the Company could issue and sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate gross sales price of $300.0 million of the Company’s shares of Class A common stock through an “at-the-market” equity offering program, or ATM Offering. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had completed the ATM Offering with a total of 2,793,826 shares of Class A common stock sold at an average price of ~~$118.10 under~~$107.38. The transactions resulted in net proceeds to the ~~ATM Program that resulted~~Company of $295.1 million after deducting commissions and expenses.

On December 9, 2021, the Company completed its underwritten public offering of 3,806,895 shares of Class A common stock at a price of $145.00 per share, including 496,551 shares of Class A common stock upon the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares. The aggregate gross proceeds of ~~$60.8~~the offering were $552.0 million and net proceeds to the Company were $530.3 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses.

On January 31, 2022 the Company issued 1,221,217 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock to the Sellers for the purchase of certain technology assets, at a price of $107.74 per share for a total value of $131.6 million.

Note 15—Subsequent Event

Preferred Stock Dividend

On April 11, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend payment of $13.44 per share, equivalent to $0.336 per depositary share, on its Series A Preferred Stock, for the period covering February 15, 2022 through May 14, 2022, for a total dividend of $2.7 million. The depositary shares representing the Series A Preferred Stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “SI PRA.” The dividend will be payable on May 16, 2022 to shareholders of record of the Series A Preferred Stock as of April 29, 2022.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is intended as a review of significant factors affecting the Company’s financial condition and results of operations for the periods indicated. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which contains audited financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Results for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 are not necessarily indicative of results for the year ending December 31, ~~2021~~2022 or any future period.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “projection,” “forecast,” “goal,” “target,” “would,” “aim” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry and management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. The inclusion of these forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that such expectations, estimates and projections will be achieved. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict their occurrence. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each risk and uncertainty on our business or the extent to which any risk or uncertainty, or combination of risks and uncertainties, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. ~~Further, given its~~While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained or implied in the forward-looking statements: changes in general economic, political, or industry conditions; geopolitical concerns, including the ongoing war in Ukraine; the magnitude and dynamic nature, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (or “COVID-19”) outbreak on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including when the coronavirus can be controlled and abated and when and how the economy may be fully reopened. As the resultduration of the COVID-19 pandemic and related variants and mutations and their impact on the ~~related adverse local~~global economy and ~~national economic consequences, we could be subject to any~~financial market conditions and our business, results of operations, and financial condition; uncertainty in U.S. fiscal and monetary policy, including the interest rate policies of the ~~following risks, any~~Board of ~~which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results~~Governors of operations: the demand for our products and services may decline, making it difficult to grow assets and income; if the economy is unable to fully reopen as planned, and high levels of unemployment continue for an extended period of time, loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase, resulting in increased charges and reduced income; collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase; our allowance for loan losses may increase if borrowers experience financial difficulties, which will adversely affect our net income; the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us; as the result of the decline in the Federal Reserve ~~Board’s (“Federal Reserve”~~System; inflation/deflation, interest rate, market, and monetary fluctuations; volatility and disruptions in global capital and credit markets; the transition away from USD London Interbank Offered Rate (or “LIBOR”) ~~target federal funds rate to near 0%,~~and uncertainty regarding potential alternative reference rates, including SOFR; competitive pressures on product pricing and services; success, impact, and timing of our business strategies, including market acceptance of any new products or services; the ~~yield on our assets may decline to a greater extent than~~impact of changes in financial services policies, laws, and regulations, including those concerning taxes, banking, securities, digital currencies and insurance, and the ~~decline in our~~application thereof by regulatory bodies; cybersecurity threats and the cost of ~~interest-bearing liabilities, reducing~~defending against them, including the costs of compliance with potential legislation to combat cybersecurity at a state, national, or global level; and other factors that may affect our net interest margin and spread and reducing net income; our cybersecurity risks are increased as the result of an increase in the number of employees working remotely; and FDIC premiums may increase if the agency experiences additional resolution costs.future results.

If one or more of the factors affecting our forward-looking information and statements proves incorrect, then our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, forward-looking information and statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other reports and registration statements filed by us with the SEC. For information on the factors that could cause actual results to differ from the expectations stated in the forward- looking statements, see “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of our ~~2020~~2021 Form 10-K as filed with the SEC.

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this report, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether because of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law.

Overview

Silvergate Capital Corporation is the holding company for our wholly-owned subsidiary, Silvergate Bank, which we believe is the leading provider of innovative financial infrastructure solutions and services to participants in the nascent and expanding digital currency industry. Key to our leadership position and growth strategy is the Silvergate Exchange Network (“SEN”), our proprietary, virtually instantaneous payment network for participants in the digital currency industry which serves as a platform for the development of additional products and services. The SEN has a powerful network effect that makes it more valuable as participants and utilization increase. The SEN has enabled us to significantly grow our noninterest bearing ~~deposits from~~deposit product for digital currency industry participants, which has provided the majority of our funding over the last ~~three~~ fouryears. This unique source of funding is a ~~distinctive~~distinct advantage over most traditional financial institutions and allows us to generate

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revenue from a conservative portfolio of investments in cash, short term securities and certain types of loans that we believe

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generate attractive risk-adjusted returns. In addition, use of the SEN has resulted in an increase in noninterest income that we believe will become a valuable source of additional revenue as we develop and deploy fee-based solutions in connection with our digital currency initiative. We are also evaluating additional products or product enhancements specifically targeted at providing further financial infrastructure solutions to our customers and strengthening SEN network effects.

The Company is a Maryland corporation whose assets consist primarily of its investment in the Bank and its primary activities are conducted through the Bank. The Company is a registered bank holding company that is subject to supervision by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (“Federal Reserve”). The Bank is subject to supervision by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, Division of Financial Institutions (“DFPI”), and, as a Federal Reserve member bank since 2012, the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRB”). The Bank’s deposits are insured up to legal limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).

The Bank provides financial services that include commercial banking, commercial and residential real estate lending, mortgage warehouse lending and commercial business lending. Our client base is diverse and consists of business and individual clients in California and other states and includes digital currency-related customers in the United States and internationally. Following the Bank’s 2009 conversion from an industrial bank to a commercial bankIn 2013, we began ~~introducing an expanded array of relationship-oriented business products and services, which in~~exploring the ~~past five years has been significantly augmented by our~~ digital currency ~~initiative. While~~industry and have significantly expanded and reoriented our ~~commercial real estate lending activities are concentrated in California, we have a broader, nationwide focus on~~product and service menus since that time to support our growing digital currency initiative, including the implementation of deposit and cash management services for digital currency related businesses, ~~as well as~~domestically and internationally. Because of our focus on the digital currency industry in recent years and the unique value-add solutions and services we provide, we have experienced a significant increase in our noninterest bearing deposits which has allowed us to generate attractive returns on lower risk assets through increased investments in interest earning deposits in other banks and securities. Correspondingly, we have significantly de-emphasized our real estate lending and, currently, our lending activities are focused on digital currency collateralized loans or SEN Leverage, and mortgage warehouse ~~lending.~~ ~~Beginning in July~~loans. In fact, our SEN Leverage lending product, which was piloted during 2020, ~~we ceased issuing purchase commitments for residential real estate loans through our former correspondent~~is now one of the Company’s core lending ~~unit, but will continue to service existing loans currently on our balance sheet.~~products.

Digital Currency Initiative

We leverage the SEN and our management team’s expertise in the digital currency industry to develop, implement and maintain critical financial infrastructure solutions and services for many of the largest U.S. digital currency exchanges and global investors, as well as other digital currency infrastructure providers that utilize the Company as a foundational layer for their products. The SEN is a central element of the operations of our digital currency related customers, which enables us to grow with our existing customers and to attract new customers who can benefit from our innovative solutions and services. We believe that our vision and advanced approach to compliance complement the SEN and empower us to extend our leadership position in the industry by developing additional infrastructure solutions and services that will facilitate growth in our business.

We began exploring the digital currency industry in 2013 based on market dynamics which we believed were highly attractive:

•Significant and Growing Industry: Digital currency presented a revolutionary model for executing financial transactions with substantial potential for growth.

•Infrastructure Needs: In order to become widely adopted, digital currency would need to rely on many traditional elements of financial services, including those services that support funds transfers, customer account controls and other security measures.

•Regulatory Complexity as a Barrier to Entry: Providing infrastructure solutions and services to the digital currency industry would require specialized compliance capabilities and a management team with a deep understanding of both the digital currency and the financial services industries.

These insights have been proven correct and we believe they remain true today. In fact, we believe that the market opportunity for digital currencies, the need for infrastructure solutions and services and the regulatory complexity have all expanded significantly since 2013. Our ability to address these market dynamics over the past ~~seven~~eight years has provided us with a first-mover advantage within the digital currency industry that is the cornerstone of our leadership position today.

Digital Currency Customers

Our customer base has grown rapidly, as many customers proactively approach us due to our reputation as the leading provider of innovative financial infrastructure solutions and services to participants in the digital currency industry, which includes our unique technology solutions. As of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we had over ~~200~~300 prospective digital currency customer leads in various stages of our customer onboarding process and pipeline, which includes extensive regulatory compliance diligence and integrating of the customer’s technology stack for those new digital currency customers interested in using our proprietary, cloud-based application programming interface (“API”).

The following list sets forth summary information regarding the types of market participants ~~that~~who are our primary customers:

•Digital Currency Exchanges: Exchanges through which digital currencies are bought and sold; includes over-the-counter ~~or OTC,~~(“OTC”) trading desks.

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•Institutional Investors: Hedge funds, venture capital funds, private equity funds, family offices and traditional asset managers, ~~that~~which are investing in digital currencies as an asset class.

•Other Customers: Companies developing new protocols, platforms and applications; mining operations; and providers of other services.

Our customers include some of the largest U.S. exchanges and global investors in the digital currency industry. These market participants generally hold either or both of two distinct types of funds: (i) those funds that market participants use for digital currency investment activities, which we refer to as investor funds, and (ii) those funds that market participants use for business operations, which we refer to as operating funds.

Our customer ecosystem also includes software developers, digital currency miners, custodians and general industry participants that need our solutions and services.

Silvergate Exchange Network

~~The following table presents~~For the ~~number~~three months ended March 31, 2022, there were $142.3 billion of ~~transactions and the~~ U.S. dollar ~~volume of transactions~~transfers that occurred on the SEN, compared to $166.5 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Financial Results

In November 2020, the SEC adopted amendments to modernize, simplify, and enhance certain financial disclosure requirements in Regulation S-K, which became effective on February 10, 2021. One update to Item 303 of Regulation S-K allows registrants to compare the results of the most recently completed quarter to the results of either the immediately preceding quarter or the corresponding quarter of the preceding year. We have elected to adopt this rule change, as management believes that comparing current quarter results to those of the immediately preceding quarter is more useful in identifying current business trends and provides a more meaningful comparison. Accordingly, we have compared the results for the ~~periods presented:~~

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2021 2020
(Dollars in millions)
# of SEN Transactions 166,772 31,405
$ of Volume of SEN Transfers $ 166,506 $ 17,372

three months ended March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, where applicable, throughout this Management's Discussion and Analysis. As required, we continue to compare our year-to-date results to the corresponding year-to-date results of the preceding year.

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~~Financial Results~~

The following table presents the components of results of operations, performance ratios and share data for the periods indicated:


		Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended
			2021			2020				March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021			March 31, 2021

			(In thousands, except per share data)							(In thousands, except per share data)
Statement of Operations Data:	Statement of Operations Data:								Statement of Operations Data:
Interest income	Interest income		$	23,306		$	20,062		Interest income	$	50,838		$	38,482		$	23,306
Interest expense	Interest expense		291			4,584			Interest expense	343			276			291
Net interest income	Net interest income		23,015			15,478			Net interest income	50,495			38,206			23,015
Provision for loan losses			—			367
Reversal of provision for loan losses									Reversal of provision for loan losses	(2,474)			—			—
Net interest income after provision	Net interest income after provision		23,015			15,111			Net interest income after provision	52,969			38,206			23,015
Noninterest income	Noninterest income		8,090			4,931			Noninterest income	9,450			11,055			8,090
Noninterest expense	Noninterest expense		19,606			13,875			Noninterest expense	28,018			25,656			19,606
Income before income taxes	Income before income taxes		11,499			6,167			Income before income taxes	34,401			23,605			11,499
Income tax (benefit) expense			(1,211)			1,774
Income tax expense (benefit)									Income tax expense (benefit)	7,015			2,214			(1,211)
Net income	Net income		$	12,710		$	4,393		Net income	27,386			21,391			12,710
Dividends on preferred stock									Dividends on preferred stock	2,688			3,016			—
Net income available to common shareholders									Net income available to common shareholders	$	24,698		$	18,375		$	12,710
Financial Ratios(1):	Financial Ratios(1):								Financial Ratios(1):
Return on average assets (ROAA)	Return on average assets (ROAA)		0.71		%	0.79		%	Return on average assets (ROAA)	0.60		%	0.50		%	0.71		%
Return on average equity (ROAE)	Return on average equity (ROAE)		9.76		%	7.14		%	Return on average equity (ROAE)	6.06		%	6.08		%	9.76		%
Return on average common equity (ROACE)									Return on average common equity (ROACE)	6.87		%	7.25		%	9.76		%
Net interest margin(2)	Net interest margin(2)		1.33		%	2.86		%	Net interest margin(2)	1.36		%	1.11		%	1.33		%
Noninterest income to average assets	Noninterest income to average assets		0.45		%	0.89		%	Noninterest income to average assets	0.23		%	0.30		%	0.45		%
Noninterest expense to average assets	Noninterest expense to average assets		1.10		%	2.50		%	Noninterest expense to average assets	0.68		%	0.69		%	1.10		%
Efficiency ratio(3)	Efficiency ratio(3)		63.03		%	67.98		%	Efficiency ratio(3)	46.74		%	52.08		%	63.03		%
Loan yield(4)	Loan yield(4)		4.31		%	5.15		%	Loan yield(4)	4.51		%	4.32		%	4.31		%
Cost of deposits	Cost of deposits		0.00		%	0.87		%	Cost of deposits	0.00		%	0.00		%	0.00		%
Cost of funds	Cost of funds		0.02		%	0.94		%	Cost of funds	0.01		%	0.01		%	0.02		%
Share Data:	Share Data:								Share Data:
Basic earnings per share			$	0.56		$	0.24
Diluted earnings per share			$	0.55		$	0.23
Basic earnings per common share									Basic earnings per common share	$	0.79		$	0.67		$	0.56
Diluted earnings per common share									Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.79		$	0.66		$	0.55
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	Basic weighted average shares outstanding		22,504			18,668			Basic weighted average shares outstanding	31,219			27,527			22,504
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		23,010			19,117			Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	31,401			27,744			23,010

________________________

(1)Data has been annualized except for efficiency ratio.

(2)Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as annualized net interest income, on a fully taxable equivalent basis for interest income on tax-exempt securities using the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0%, divided by average interest earning assets for the same period.

(3)Efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing noninterest expenses by net interest income plus noninterest income.

(4)Includes nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days and more past due.

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The following table presents the components of financial condition and ratios at the dates indicated:


		March 31, 2021			December 31, 2020				March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021

		(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)							(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Statement of Financial Condition Data:	Statement of Financial Condition Data:							Statement of Financial Condition Data:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,331,522		$	2,962,087		Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,385,509		$	5,387,946
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value		1,717,418			939,015
Securities								Securities	12,215,119			8,625,259
Loans held-for-sale	Loans held-for-sale	897,227			865,961			Loans held-for-sale	937,140			893,194
Loans held-for-investment, net	Loans held-for-investment, net	728,390			746,751			Loans held-for-investment, net	739,014			887,304
Other	Other	82,595			72,421			Other	521,231			211,792
Total assets	Total assets	$	7,757,152		$	5,586,235		Total assets	$	15,798,013		$	16,005,495
Deposits	Deposits	$	7,002,371		$	5,248,026		Deposits	$	13,396,162		$	14,290,628
Borrowings	Borrowings	15,834			15,831			Borrowings	815,848			15,845
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	25,326			28,079			Other liabilities	39,507			90,186
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	7,043,531			5,291,936			Total liabilities	14,251,517			14,396,659
Total shareholders’ equity	Total shareholders’ equity	713,621			294,299			Total shareholders’ equity	1,546,496			1,608,836
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	7,757,152		$	5,586,235		Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	15,798,013		$	16,005,495
Nonperforming Assets:	Nonperforming Assets:							Nonperforming Assets:
Nonperforming loans		$	5,333		$	4,982
Nonaccrual loans								Nonaccrual loans	$	3,632		$	4,003
Troubled debt restructurings	Troubled debt restructurings	$	1,484		$	1,525		Troubled debt restructurings	$	1,703		$	1,713
Other real estate owned, net	Other real estate owned, net	—			—			Other real estate owned, net	—			—
Nonperforming assets	Nonperforming assets	$	5,333		$	4,982		Nonperforming assets	$	3,632		$	4,003
Asset Quality Ratios:	Asset Quality Ratios:							Asset Quality Ratios:
Nonperforming assets to total assets	Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.07		%	0.09		%	Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.02		%	0.03		%
Nonperforming loans to gross loans(1)		0.73		%	0.66		%
Nonperforming assets to gross loans and other real estate owned(1)		0.73		%	0.66		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans(1)								Nonperforming loans to total loans(1)	0.49		%	0.45		%
Net charge-offs to average total loans(1)	Net charge-offs to average total loans(1)	0.00		%	0.00		%	Net charge-offs to average total loans(1)	0.00		%	0.00		%
Allowance for loan losses to gross loans(1)		0.94		%	0.92		%
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans		129.68		%	138.82		%
Allowance for loan losses to total loans(1)								Allowance for loan losses to total loans(1)	0.60		%	0.77		%
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans								Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans	122.30		%	172.77		%
Company Capital Ratios:	Company Capital Ratios:							Company Capital Ratios:
Tier 1 leverage ratio	Tier 1 leverage ratio	9.68		%	8.29		%	Tier 1 leverage ratio	9.68		%	11.07		%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	53.03		%	21.53		%	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	38.97		%	49.53		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	54.23		%	22.88		%	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	44.84		%	56.82		%
Total risk-based capital ratio	Total risk-based capital ratio	54.79		%	23.49		%	Total risk-based capital ratio	45.01		%	57.08		%
Total shareholders’ equity to total assets		9.20		%	5.27		%
Book value per share		$	28.75		$	15.63
Common equity to total assets								Common equity to total assets	8.56		%	8.84		%
Book value per common share								Book value per common share	$	42.77		$	46.55
Bank Capital Ratios:	Bank Capital Ratios:							Bank Capital Ratios:
Tier 1 leverage ratio	Tier 1 leverage ratio	9.50		%	8.22		%	Tier 1 leverage ratio	9.51		%	10.49		%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	53.24		%	22.71		%	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	44.28		%	53.89		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	53.24		%	22.71		%	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	44.28		%	53.89		%
Total risk-based capital ratio	Total risk-based capital ratio	53.80		%	23.32		%	Total risk-based capital ratio	44.45		%	54.15		%
Other:	Other:							Other:
Total headcount	Total headcount	222			218			Total headcount	308			279

________________________

(1)Loans exclude loans held-for-sale at each of the dates presented.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The accompanying management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition is based upon our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under current circumstances, results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. ~~Other than ongoing uncertainty related to COVID-19, there~~There have been no significant changes during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on ~~March 8, 2021.~~February 28, 2022.

Accounting policies, as described in detail in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, are an integral part of our financial statements. A thorough understanding of these accounting policies is essential when reviewing our reported results of operations and our financial position. We believe that those critical accounting policies and estimates require us to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. Changes in these estimates, which are likely to occur from period to period, or use of different estimates that we could have reasonably used in the current period, would have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Results of Operations

Net Income

The following table sets forth the principal components of net income for the periods indicated.


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
			2021		2020			% Increase/ (Decrease)			March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		% Increase/ (Decrease)		March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021		% Increase/ (Decrease)

			(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income	Interest income		$	23,306	$	20,062		16.2	%	Interest income	$	50,838	$	38,482	32.1	%	$	50,838	$	23,306	118.1	%
Interest expense	Interest expense		291		4,584			(93.7)	%	Interest expense	343		276		24.3	%	343		291		17.9	%
Net interest income	Net interest income		23,015		15,478			48.7	%	Net interest income	50,495		38,206		32.2	%	50,495		23,015		119.4	%
Provision for loan losses			—		367			N/M
Reversal of provision for loan losses										Reversal of provision for loan losses	(2,474)		—		N/M		(2,474)		—		N/M
Net interest income after provision	Net interest income after provision		23,015		15,111			52.3	%	Net interest income after provision	52,969		38,206		38.6	%	52,969		23,015		130.1	%
Noninterest income	Noninterest income		8,090		4,931			64.1	%	Noninterest income	9,450		11,055		(14.5)	%	9,450		8,090		16.8	%
Noninterest expense	Noninterest expense		19,606		13,875			41.3	%	Noninterest expense	28,018		25,656		9.2	%	28,018		19,606		42.9	%
Income before income taxes	Income before income taxes		11,499		6,167			86.5	%	Income before income taxes	34,401		23,605		45.7	%	34,401		11,499		199.2	%
Income tax (benefit) expense			(1,211)		1,774			(168.3)	%
Income tax expense (benefit)										Income tax expense (benefit)	7,015		2,214		216.8	%	7,015		(1,211)		(679.3)	%
Net income	Net income		$	12,710	$	4,393		189.3	%	Net income	$	27,386	$	21,391	28.0	%	$	27,386	$	12,710	115.5	%

________________________

N/M—Not meaningful

Net income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~$12.7~~$27.4 million, an increase of ~~$8.3~~$6.0 million or ~~189.3%~~28.0% from net income of ~~$4.4~~$21.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to a $12.3 million increase in net interest income and a $2.5 million reversal of provision for loan losses offset by a $1.6 million decrease in noninterest income, a $4.8 million increase in income tax expense and a $2.4 million increase in noninterest expense, all as described below.

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $27.4 million, an increase of $14.7 million or 115.5% from net income of $12.7 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2020.~~2021. The increase was primarily due to a ~~$7.5~~$27.5 million increase in net interest income, a ~~$3.2~~$2.5 million reversal of provision for loan losses and a $1.4 million increase in noninterest income ~~and~~offset by a ~~$3.0~~$8.2 million ~~decrease~~increase in income tax expense ~~offset by~~and a ~~$5.7~~$8.4 million increase in noninterest expense, all as described below.

Table of Contents

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin Analysis (Taxable Equivalent Basis)

We analyze our ability to maximize income generated from interest earning assets and control the interest expenses of our liabilities, measured as net interest income, through our net interest margin and net interest spread. Net interest income is the difference between the interest and fees earned on interest earning assets, such as loans, interest earning deposits in other banks and securities, and the interest expense incurred on interest bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, which are used to fund those assets.

Changes in market interest rates and the interest rates we earn on interest earning assets or pay on interest bearing liabilities, as well as in the volume and types of interest earning assets, interest bearing and noninterest bearing liabilities and

~~Table~~ ~~of Contents~~

shareholders’ equity, are usually the largest drivers of periodic changes in net interest income, net interest margin and net interest spread. Fluctuations in market interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international conditions and conditions in domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in the Southern California region, developments affecting the real estate, technology, hospitality, tourism and financial services sectors within our target markets and throughout the Southern California region, the volume and availability of residential loan pools and non-qualified residential loans and mortgage banker relationships. Our ability to respond to changes in these factors by using effective asset-liability management techniques is critical to maintaining the stability of our net interest income and net interest margin as our primary sources of earnings.

The following tables show the average outstanding balance of each principal category of our assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, together with the average yields on our assets and the average costs of our liabilities for the periods indicated. Such yields and ~~cost~~costs are calculated by dividing income or expense by the average daily balances of the associated assets or liabilities for the same period.

Tax-exempt income from securities is calculated on a taxable equivalent basis. Net interest income, net interest spread and net interest margin are presented on a taxable equivalent basis to consistently reflect income from taxable securities and tax-exempt securities based on the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0%.

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AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET AND NET INTEREST ANALYSIS


		Three Months Ended March 31,													Three Months Ended
		2021						2020							March 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate			Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate

		(Dollars in thousands)													(Dollars in thousands)
Assets	Assets													Assets
Interest earning assets:	Interest earning assets:													Interest earning assets:
Interest earning deposits in other banks	Interest earning deposits in other banks	$	4,450,110	$	1,279	0.12	%	$	234,356	$	724	1.24	%	Interest earning deposits in other banks	$	3,067,054	$	1,385	0.18	%	$	5,282,661	$	2,166	0.16	%
Taxable securities	Taxable securities	850,558		3,592		1.71	%	902,165		6,048		2.70	%	Taxable securities	8,492,768		17,779		0.85	%	5,735,932		10,178		0.70	%
Tax-exempt securities(1)	Tax-exempt securities(1)	270,711		2,146		3.21	%	6,611		61		3.71	%	Tax-exempt securities(1)	2,887,072		16,689		2.34	%	1,728,862		9,454		2.17	%
Loans(2)(3)	Loans(2)(3)	1,559,989		16,597		4.31	%	1,024,982		13,121		5.15	%	Loans(2)(3)	1,644,604		18,287		4.51	%	1,641,345		17,892		4.32	%
Other	Other	15,331		143		3.78	%	10,746		121		4.53	%	Other	41,751		203		1.97	%	34,490		777		8.94	%
Total interest earning assets	Total interest earning assets	7,146,699		23,757		1.35	%	2,178,860		20,075		3.71	%	Total interest earning assets	16,133,249		54,343		1.37	%	14,423,290		40,467		1.11	%
Noninterest earning assets	Noninterest earning assets	72,155						49,307						Noninterest earning assets	500,299						295,841
Total assets	Total assets	$	7,218,854					$	2,228,167					Total assets	$	16,633,548					$	14,719,131
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity													Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest bearing liabilities:	Interest bearing liabilities:													Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits	Interest bearing deposits	$	117,228	$	46	0.16	%	$	441,682	$	4,051	3.69	%	Interest bearing deposits	$	76,663	$	21	0.11	%	$	77,564	$	27	0.14	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings	FHLB advances and other borrowings	—		—		—		63,986		227		1.43	%	FHLB advances and other borrowings	71,111		70		0.40	%	12		—		0.00	%
Subordinated debentures and other		15,832		245		6.28	%	19,061		306		6.46	%
Subordinated debentures														Subordinated debentures	15,846		252		6.45	%	15,843		249		6.24	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	Total interest bearing liabilities	133,060		291		0.89	%	524,729		4,584		3.51	%	Total interest bearing liabilities	163,620		343		0.85	%	93,419		276		1.17	%
Noninterest bearing liabilities:	Noninterest bearing liabilities:													Noninterest bearing liabilities:
Noninterest bearing deposits	Noninterest bearing deposits	6,526,555						1,436,062						Noninterest bearing deposits	14,781,601						13,377,552
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	30,911						19,900						Other liabilities	36,770						49,023
Shareholders’ equity	Shareholders’ equity	528,328						247,476						Shareholders’ equity	1,651,557						1,199,137
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	7,218,854					$	2,228,167					Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	16,633,548					$	14,719,131
Net interest spread(4)	Net interest spread(4)					0.46	%					0.20	%	Net interest spread(4)					0.52	%					(0.06)	%
Net interest income, taxable equivalent basis	Net interest income, taxable equivalent basis			$	23,466					$	15,491			Net interest income, taxable equivalent basis			$	54,000					$	40,191
Net interest margin(5)	Net interest margin(5)					1.33	%					2.86	%	Net interest margin(5)					1.36	%					1.11	%
Reconciliation to reported net interest income:	Reconciliation to reported net interest income:													Reconciliation to reported net interest income:
Adjustments for taxable equivalent basis	Adjustments for taxable equivalent basis			(451)						(13)				Adjustments for taxable equivalent basis			(3,505)						(1,985)
Net interest income, as reported	Net interest income, as reported			$	23,015					$	15,478			Net interest income, as reported			$	50,495					$	38,206

Table of Contents


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2022						March 31, 2021
	Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate

	(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Interest earning deposits in other banks	$	3,067,054	$	1,385	0.18	%	$	4,450,110	$	1,279	0.12	%
Taxable securities	8,492,768		17,779		0.85	%	850,558		3,592		1.71	%
Tax-exempt securities(1)	2,887,072		16,689		2.34	%	270,711		2,146		3.21	%
Loans(2)(3)	1,644,604		18,287		4.51	%	1,559,989		16,597		4.31	%
Other	41,751		203		1.97	%	15,331		143		3.78	%
Total interest earning assets	16,133,249		54,343		1.37	%	7,146,699		23,757		1.35	%
Noninterest earning assets	500,299						72,155
Total assets	$	16,633,548					$	7,218,854
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits	$	76,663	$	21	0.11	%	$	117,228	$	46	0.16	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings	71,111		70		0.40	%	—		—		—
Subordinated debentures and other	15,846		252		6.45	%	15,832		245		6.28	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	163,620		343		0.85	%	133,060		291		0.89	%
Noninterest bearing liabilities:
Noninterest bearing deposits	14,781,601						6,526,555
Other liabilities	36,770						30,911
Shareholders’ equity	1,651,557						528,328
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	16,633,548					$	7,218,854
Net interest spread(4)					0.52	%					0.46	%
Net interest income, taxable equivalent basis			$	54,000					$	23,466
Net interest margin(5)					1.36	%					1.33	%
Reconciliation to reported net interest income:
Adjustments for taxable equivalent basis			(3,505)						(451)
Net interest income, as reported			$	50,495					$	23,015

________________________

(1)Interest income on tax-exempt securities is presented on a taxable equivalent basis using the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% for all periods presented.

(2)Loans include nonaccrual loans and loans held-for-sale, net of deferred fees and before allowance for loan losses.

(3)Interest income includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs.

(4)Net interest spread is the difference between interest rates earned on interest earning assets and interest rates paid on interest bearing liabilities.

(5)Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as annualized net interest income, on a taxable equivalent basis, divided by average interest earning assets for the same period.

Information regarding the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated for each major component of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and distinguishes between the changes

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attributable to changes in volume and changes attributable to changes in interest rates. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been proportionately allocated to both volume and rate.

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME


		For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to 2020								For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Compared to December 31, 2021									For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Compared to March 31, 2021
			Change Due To					Interest Variance					Change Due To						Interest Variance			Change Due To								Interest Variance
				Volume			Rate								Volume			Rate			Interest Variance			Volume				Rate				Interest Variance

					(Dollars in thousands)											(Dollars in thousands)
Interest Income:	Interest Income:													Interest Income:
Interest earning deposits in other banks	Interest earning deposits in other banks				$	1,779		$	(1,224)		$	555		Interest earning deposits in other banks		$	(936)		$	155				$	(781)			$	(398)			$	504			$	106
Taxable securities	Taxable securities				(329)			(2,127)			(2,456)			Taxable securities		4,564			3,037			7,601				32,274				(18,087)				14,187
Tax-exempt securities(1)	Tax-exempt securities(1)				2,095			(10)			2,085			Tax-exempt securities(1)		5,990			1,245			7,235				20,731				(6,188)				14,543
Loans	Loans				5,975			(2,499)			3,476			Loans		(354)			749			395				1,933				(243)				1,690
Other	Other				45			(23)			22			Other		143			(717)			(574)				246				(186)				60
Total interest income	Total interest income				9,565			(5,883)			3,682			Total interest income		9,407			4,469			13,876				54,786				(24,200)				30,586
Interest Expense:	Interest Expense:													Interest Expense:
Interest bearing deposits	Interest bearing deposits				(3,854)			(151)			(4,005)			Interest bearing deposits		—			(6)			(6)				(14)				(11)				(25)
FHLB advances and other borrowings	FHLB advances and other borrowings				(227)			—			(227)			FHLB advances and other borrowings		32			38			70				26				44				70
Subordinated debentures					—			(61)			(61)
Subordinated debentures and other														Subordinated debentures and other		(5)			8			3				—				7				7
Total interest expense	Total interest expense				(4,081)			(212)			(4,293)			Total interest expense		27			40			67				12				40				52
Net interest income, taxable equivalent basis	Net interest income, taxable equivalent basis				$	13,646		$	(5,671)		$	7,975		Net interest income, taxable equivalent basis		$	9,380		$	4,429		$	13,809			$	54,774			$	(24,240)			$	30,534

________________________

(1)Interest income on tax-exempt securities is presented on a taxable equivalent basis using the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% for all periods presented.

Net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis increased ~~$8.0~~$13.8 million to $54.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to $40.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2021, due to an increase of $13.9 million in interest income partially offset by an increase of $0.1 million in interest expense.

Average total interest earning assets increased $1.7 billion or 11.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to increased securities offset by decreased interest earning deposits in other banks. The average annualized yield on total interest earning assets increased from 1.11% for the three months ended December 31, 2021, to 1.37% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to a higher proportion of securities and a lower proportion of interest earning deposits in other banks as a percentage of interest earning assets, as well as higher yields on recently purchased securities.

Average interest bearing liabilities increased $70.2 million or 75.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2021, due to increased FHLB advances. The average annualized rate on total interest bearing liabilities decreased from 1.17% for the three months ended December 31, 2021 to 0.85% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to a higher proportion of low cost FHLB borrowings as a percentage of total interest bearing liabilities.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the net interest spread was 0.52% and the net interest margin was 1.36%, compared to (0.06)% and 1.11%, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2021. The increase in the net interest spread and net interest margin from the three months ended December 31, 2021 was primarily driven by a higher proportion of securities and a lower proportion of interest earning deposits in other banks as a percentage of total interest earning assets, as well as higher yields on recently purchased securities.

Net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis increased $30.5 million to $54.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to $23.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, ~~compared~~due to ~~$15.5~~an increase of $30.6 million in interest income partially offset by an increase of $0.1 million in interest expense.

Average total interest earning assets increased $9.0 billion or 125.7% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2020, due to a decrease of $4.3 million in interest expense and an increase of $3.7 million in interest income.~~

~~Average total interest earning assets increased $5.0 billion or 228.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2021,~~2022, compared to the same period in ~~2020,~~2021, primarily due to ~~an increase~~increased securities balances funded by growth in ~~interest earning deposits in other banks and loans, with loan growth driving the increase in interest income.~~digital currency related deposits. The average annualized yield on total interest earning assets ~~decreased~~increased from ~~3.71% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, to~~ 1.35% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, ~~primarily due~~ to interest earning deposits in other banks being a greater percentage of interest earning assets, and lower yields being realized on interest earning deposits, loans and securities. The lower yields were due to declines in federal funds rate and LIBOR which was partially offset by the interest rate floors. In February 2020, the Company sold $200.0 million of its total $400.0 million notional amount of interest rate floors, which resulted in a net gain of $8.4 million, which is being recognized over the weighted average remaining term of 4.1 years. The sale of the floors secured the benefit of lower interest rates at the time of the sale.

~~Average interest bearing liabilities decreased $391.7 million or 74.6%~~1.37% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, primarily due to a higher proportion of securities and a lower proportion of interest earning deposits in other banks as a percentage of interest earning assets, partially offset by lower

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yields on the securities portfolio due to the majority of the securities in the portfolio being acquired in the last 12 months within a lower rate environment.

Average interest bearing liabilities increased $30.6 million or 23.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the same period in ~~2020, primarily~~2021, due to ~~calling the remaining balance~~increased FHLB advances offset by lower balances of ~~brokered certificates of deposit in the second quarter of 2020.~~interest bearing deposits. The average annualized rate on total interest bearing liabilities decreased to ~~0.89%~~0.85% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, compared to ~~3.51%~~0.89% for the same period in ~~2020,~~2021, primarily due to ~~the impact~~a higher proportion of ~~calling~~low cost FHLB borrowings as a ~~portion~~percentage of ~~brokered certificates of deposits in the first quarter of 2020, which included $2.1 million of accelerated premium expense in addition to $1.6 million of coupon~~ interest ~~expense for the first quarter of 2020.~~bearing liabilities.

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the net interest spread was ~~0.46%~~0.52% and the net interest margin was ~~1.33%~~1.36%, compared to ~~0.20%~~0.46% and ~~2.86%~~1.33%, respectively, for the comparable period in ~~2020.~~2021. The increase in the net interest spread inand net interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily due to ~~calling the outstanding brokered certificates~~a higher proportion of securities and a lower proportion of interest earning deposits in ~~the second quarter~~other banks as a percentage of ~~2020,~~interest earning assets, partially offset by lower yields on ~~interest earning deposits, loans and~~the securities due to a declining interest rate environment. The decrease in the net interest margin compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily due to lower yields on interest earning deposits, loans and securities due to a declining interest rate environment, and to a lesser extent due to a greater proportion of lower yielding cash and cash equivalents as a percentage of total interest earning assets, which was driven by the increase in noninterest bearing digital currency customer deposits.portfolio.

~~Table~~ ~~of Contents~~

Provision for Loan Losses

The provision for loan losses is a charge to income to bring our allowance for loan losses to a level deemed appropriate by management. For a description of the factors considered by our management in determining the allowance for loan losses see “—Financial Condition—Allowance for Loan Losses”.

We recorded ~~no additional~~a $2.5 million reversal of provision for loan losses ~~and an expense of $0.4 million~~ for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to no provision for the three months ended December 31, 2021 and ~~2020, respectively.~~March 31, 2021. The allowance for loan losses to total gross loans held-for-investment was ~~0.94%~~0.60% at March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, compared to ~~0.96%~~0.77% and 0.94% at December 31, 2021 and March 31, ~~2020. Management determined that no provision for~~2021, respectively. The reversal during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~necessary based on our historically strong credit quality~~due to the changes in loan product and ~~minimal loan charge-offs, and the loan-to-value ratios~~segment mix in the ~~low- to mid-50% range in our commercial, multi-family and one-to-four family residential~~portfolio, including the net decrease of approximately $148.5 million of gross real estate ~~held-for-investment loan portfolios as of March 31, 2021.~~loans sold during the period, partially offset by an increase in SEN Leverage loans.

Noninterest Income

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:

NONINTEREST INCOME


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
			2021		2020			% Increase/ (Decrease)			March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		% Increase/ (Decrease)		March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021		% Increase/ (Decrease)

			(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest income:	Noninterest income:									Noninterest income:
Deposit related fees										Deposit related fees	$	8,968	$	9,378	(4.4)	%	$	8,968	$	7,124	25.9	%
Mortgage warehouse fee income	Mortgage warehouse fee income		$	954	$	382		149.7	%	Mortgage warehouse fee income	651		684		(4.8)	%	651		954		(31.8)	%
Service fees related to off-balance sheet deposits			—		70			N/M
Deposit related fees			7,124		1,766			303.4	%
Gain on sale of securities, net			—		1,197			N/M
Gain on sale of loans, net			—		506			N/M
Gain on extinguishment of debt			—		925			N/M

(Loss) gain on sale of securities, net										(Loss) gain on sale of securities, net	(605)		56		N/M		(605)		—		N/M

Other income	Other income		12		85			(85.9)	%	Other income	436		937		(53.5)	%	436		12		N/M
Total noninterest income	Total noninterest income		$	8,090	$	4,931		64.1	%	Total noninterest income	$	9,450	$	11,055	(14.5)	%	$	9,450	$	8,090	16.8	%

________________________

N/M—Not meaningful

Noninterest income ~~increased $3.2~~decreased $1.6 million or ~~64.1%~~14.5% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2021. This decrease was primarily due to a $0.6 million loss on sale of securities and a decrease of $0.4 million in deposit related fees as a result of lower foreign exchange fees attributed in part to the geopolitical environment, which negatively impacted trading volume. Additionally, there was a $0.5 million decrease in other income due to a gain on sale of other assets of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to a gain on sale of other assets of $0.9 million recognized in the three months ended December 31, 2021.

Noninterest income increased $1.4 million or 16.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2020.~~2021. This increase was primarily due to an increase of ~~$5.4~~$1.8 million in deposit related fees ~~substantially all~~and an increase of ~~which are fees from our digital currency customers, and~~$0.4 million in other income due to a gain on sale of other assets, partially offset by a $0.6 million ~~increase~~loss on sale of securities and a $0.3 million decrease in mortgage warehouse fee income, partially offset by a $1.2 million decrease in gain on sale of securities, a $0.9 million decrease in gain on extinguishment of debt, and a $0.5 million decrease in gain on sale of loans due to the exit of our correspondent lending division in March 2020.income. The ~~$5.4 million~~ increase in deposit related fees was ~~primarily~~ due to increases in cash management, foreign exchange, and SEN related fees associated with our digital currency initiative.

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Noninterest Expense

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense:

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2021 2020
% Increase/
(Decrease)
(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits $ 10,990 $ 8,955 22.7 %
Occupancy and equipment 614 907 (32.3) %
Communications and data processing 1,621 1,261 28.5 %
Professional services 1,717 985 74.3 %
Federal deposit insurance 2,296 123 N/M
Correspondent bank charges 497 373 33.2 %
Other loan expense 174 122 42.6 %
Other general and administrative 1,697 1,149 47.7 %
Total noninterest expense $ 19,606 $ 13,875 41.3 %
~~________________________~~

~~N/M—Not meaningful~~


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		% Increase/ (Decrease)		March 31, 2022		March 31, 2021		% Increase/ (Decrease)

	(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	15,544	$	13,815	12.5	%	$	15,544	$	10,990	41.4	%
Occupancy and equipment	586		728		(19.5)	%	586		614		(4.6)	%

Communications and data processing	2,762		1,862		48.3	%	2,762		1,621		70.4	%
Professional services	2,954		2,994		(1.3)	%	2,954		1,717		72.0	%
Federal deposit insurance	1,762		3,100		(43.2)	%	1,762		2,296		(23.3)	%
Correspondent bank charges	828		634		30.6	%	828		497		66.6	%
Other loan expense	384		364		5.5	%	384		174		120.7	%
Other general and administrative	3,198		2,159		48.1	%	3,198		1,697		88.5	%
Total noninterest expense	$	28,018	$	25,656	9.2	%	$	28,018	$	19,606	42.9	%

Noninterest expense increased ~~$5.7~~$2.4 million or ~~41.3%~~9.2% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, compared to the three months ended ~~March~~December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits, ~~professional services, federal deposit insurance~~communications and data processing, and other general and administrative expense, offset by a decrease in federal deposit insurance expense. The increase of ~~$2.0~~$1.7 million or ~~22.7%~~12.5% in salaries and employee benefits was primarily due to an increase in headcount. The Company’s average full-time equivalent employees increased by 10.9% from 265 for the three months ended December 31, 2021 to 294 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Communications and data processing increased $0.9 million or 48.3% primarily due to blockchain infrastructure hosting costs related to the stablecoin initiative as well as continued investment in enterprise cloud storage solutions and scalable cloud-based software solutions. Federal deposit insurance expense decreased $1.3 million due to a slower growth rate in deposit levels. Other general and administrative expense increased $1.0 million or 48.1% primarily due to an increase in the provision for off-balance sheet commitments driven by growth in SEN Leverage and an increase for expanded coverage of insurance.

Noninterest expense increased $8.4 million or 42.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021, primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits, communications and data processing, professional services, and other general and administrative expense. The increase of $4.6 million or 41.4% in salaries and employee benefits was primarily due to an increase in headcount and in cost per full-time equivalent employee. The Company’s average full-time equivalent employees increased by 34.2% from ~~210 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to~~ 219 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021. Occupancy and equipment decreased $0.3 million or 32.3%, due~~2021 to ~~a reduction in costs related to our leased office space and fixed assets no longer in use that were written off during~~294 for the three months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2020.~~2022. Communications and data processing increased ~~$0.4~~$1.1 million or ~~28.5%~~70.4% primarily due to blockchain infrastructure hosting costs related to the Stablecoin initiative as well as continued investment in ~~compliance~~enterprise cloud storage solutions and scalable cloud-based software to support our digital currency related customer base and additional core processing expense due to higher transaction volumes. We continue to invest in cloud based scalable technology to expand our banking platform with solutions to complement our API-enabled SEN.solutions. Professional services increased ~~$0.7~~$1.2 million or ~~74.3%~~72.0% due primarily to consulting costs around corporate governance, legal fees ~~for projects related to our strategic growth initiatives.~~associated with the stablecoin initiative and increased talent acquisition costs. Federal deposit insurance expense ~~increased $2.2~~decreased $0.5 million due to a slower growth rate ~~increase driven by the significant growth~~ in ~~deposits.~~deposit levels. Other general and administrative expense increased ~~$0.5~~$1.5 million or ~~47.7%~~88.5% primarily due to ~~a legal settlement, increases~~an increase in provision for off-balance sheet commitments driven by growth in SEN Leverage and an increase for expanded coverage ~~in insurance and an increase in the provision for unfunded commitments related to the increase in SEN Leverage loans total lines~~ of ~~credit, partially offset by a decrease in travel related expenses due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.~~insurance.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax ~~benefit~~expense was ~~$1.2~~$7.0 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, compared to ~~an expense of $1.8~~$2.2 million for the three months ended ~~March~~December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. Our effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were 20.4% and ~~2020 were (10.5)% and 28.8%~~9.4%, respectively. The ~~decrease~~increase in income tax expense was primarily due to an increase in pre-tax income and ~~our~~a decrease in tax benefits recognized on exercise of stock options. The increase in the effective tax ~~rate~~rates was ~~primarily related~~due to ~~significant~~lower excess tax benefits recognized on the exercise of stock options when compared to the three months ended December 31, 2021.

Income tax expense was $7.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to a benefit of $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Our effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were 20.4% and (10.5)%, respectively. The increase in income tax expense was primarily due to an increase in pre-tax income and a

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decrease in tax benefits recognized on exercise of stock options. The increase in the ~~impact~~effective tax rates was due to less excess tax benefits recognized on the exercise of ~~tax-exempt income.~~stock options when compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Financial Condition

As of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, our total assets ~~increased~~decreased to ~~$7.8~~$15.8 billion compared to ~~$5.6~~$16.0 billion as of December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. Shareholders’ equity ~~increased $419.3 million,~~decreased $0.1 billion, or ~~142.5%~~3.9%, to ~~$713.6 million~~$1.5 billion at March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, compared to ~~$294.3 million~~$1.6 billion at December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. A summary of the individual components driving the changes in total assets, total liabilities and shareholders' equity is set forth below.

Interest Earning Deposits in Other Banks

Interest earning deposits in other banks ~~increased~~decreased from ~~$2.9~~$5.2 billion at December 31, ~~2020~~2021 to ~~$4.3~~$1.2 billion at March 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The majority of the Company’s interest earning deposits in other banks is cash held at the Federal Reserve ~~Bank earning 0.10% at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.~~Bank. The ~~increase~~decrease in interest earning deposits ~~is due to growth~~was driven by the purchase of securities as discussed in ~~total deposits exceeding growth in total loans and securities.~~

~~Table~~ ~~of Contents~~

more detail below.

Securities ~~Available-for-sale~~

We use our securities portfolio to primarily provide a source of liquidity, provide ~~an appropriate~~a return on funds invested and manage interest rate ~~risk, meet collateral requirements and meet regulatory capital requirements.~~risk.

Management classifies investment securities primarily as either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale based on our intentions and the Company’s ability to hold such securities until maturity. In determining such classifications, securities that management has the positive intent and the Company has the ability to hold until maturity are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost. All other securities are designated as available-for-sale and carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in shareholders’ equity on an after-tax basis. ~~For the periods presented, substantially all~~

Total securities ~~were classified as available-for-sale.~~

~~Our securities available-for-sale~~ increased ~~$778.4 million,~~$3.6 billion, or ~~82.9%~~41.6%, from ~~$939.0 million~~$8.6 billion at December 31, ~~2020~~2021 to ~~$1.7~~$12.2 billion at March 31, ~~2021.~~2022. To supplement interest income earned on our loan portfolio, we invest in high quality mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, other asset backed securities and municipal bonds. During the three months ended March 31, ~~2021, the Company~~2022, we purchased ~~$817.7 million~~$4.6 billion of securities, including ~~$651.1 million~~$1.3 billion of U.S. Treasuries, $1.1 billion of tax-exempt municipal bonds, $1.1 billion of agency residential mortgage-backed securities, ~~$92.4~~$432.6 million of U.S. agency securities excluding mortgage-backed securities, $348.3 million of private label commercial mortgage-backed securities and $256.4 million of agency commercial mortgage-backed securities. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we sold $432.1 million of longer duration securities and ~~$74.2~~recognized a net loss of $0.6 million. The securities sold were part of a restructuring that is projected to have a positive impact on future earnings when compared to securities purchased in the first quarter of 2022. In addition, we sold the related interest rate cap contracts that hedged a portion of the securities that were sold and a realized gain on sale of $0.4 million was recognized in other noninterest income.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we transferred, at fair value, $1.5 billion of ~~tax-exempt~~residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities, and municipal ~~bonds.~~bonds from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity securities. Our decision to re-designate the securities was based on our ability and intent to hold these securities to maturity. Factors used in assessing the ability to hold these securities to maturity were future liquidity needs and sources of funding. The related net unrealized after-tax loss of $14.1 million remained in accumulated other comprehensive income and will be amortized as a yield adjustment through earnings over the remaining life of the securities, offsetting the related net amortization of premium on the transferred securities. No gain or loss was recognized at the time of the transfer.

The following tables summarize the contractual maturities and weighted-average yields of investment securities at March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and the amortized cost and ~~carrying~~fair value of those securities as of the indicated dates. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities are classified below based on the final maturity date, however these are amortizing securities with expected average lives primarily less than ten years. The weighted average yield is a prospective yield computed using the amortized cost of fixed income investment securities. Actual yields earned may differ significantly based upon actual prepayments.

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SECURITIES


		One Year or Less			More Than One Year Through Five Years			More Than Five Years Through 10 Years				More Than 10 Years				Total										One Year or Less							More Than One Year Through Five Years							More Than Five Years Through 10 Years							More Than 10 Years							Total
		Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Fair Value			Weighted Average Yield					Amortized Cost				Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost				Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost				Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost				Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost				Fair Value				Weighted Average Yield

		(Dollars in thousands)																								(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
March 31, 2022																				March 31, 2022
Securities Available-for-Sale:	Securities Available-for-Sale:																						Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Treasuries																				U.S. Treasuries				$	34,889			0.48	%		$	—			—			$	—			—			$	—			—			$	34,889			$	34,724			0.48	%
U.S. agency securities - excluding mortgage-backed securities																				U.S. agency securities - excluding mortgage-backed securities				—				—			1,611				(0.22)	%		1,432,229				0.46	%		114,527				0.57	%		1,548,367				1,548,661				0.47	%
Residential mortgage-backed securities:	Residential mortgage-backed securities:																			Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	Government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—		$	152,253	1.62	%	$	152,253	$	151,218		1.62	%	Government agency mortgage-backed securities			—				—			—				—			—				—			1,781,961				1.36	%		1,781,961				1,751,920				1.36	%
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	—		—	—		—	150		1.34	%	685,880		0.71	%	686,030		683,380			0.71	%	Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation			—				—			—				—			—				—			1,385,198				0.23	%		1,385,198				1,357,349				0.23	%
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	—		—	—		—	—		—		18,688		2.65	%	18,688		19,048			2.65	%	Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation			—				—			—				—			—				—			1,342				2.67	%		1,342				1,340				2.67	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:	Commercial mortgage-backed securities:																			Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	Government agency mortgage-backed securities	—		—	—		—	—		—		49,135		0.51	%	49,135		49,113			0.51	%	Government agency mortgage-backed securities			—				—			—				—			—				—			1,338,333				0.65	%		1,338,333				1,331,410				0.65	%
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation	—		—	—		—	42,435		0.22	%	—		—		42,435		42,400			0.22	%	Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation			—				—			—				—			70,839				0.27	%		—				—			70,839				70,779				0.27	%
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation	—		—	—		—	—		—		163,993		3.21	%	163,993		174,497			3.21	%	Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation			—				—			—				—			—				—			492,565				1.42	%		492,565				480,914				1.42	%
Municipal bonds:	Municipal bonds:																						Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt	Tax-exempt	—		—	—		—	13,778		3.15	%	304,354		2.53	%	318,132		336,920			2.56	%	Tax-exempt			—				—			—				—			—				—			2,900,600				1.89	%		2,900,600				2,664,160				1.89	%
Taxable		—		—	—		—	—		—		14,206		2.72	%	14,206		15,643			2.72	%

Asset backed securities:	Asset backed securities:																						Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools	Government sponsored student loan pools	—		—	—		—	—		—		245,716		0.78	%	245,716		245,199			0.78	%	Government sponsored student loan pools			—				—			—				—			—				—			226,738				0.83	%		226,738				222,237				0.83	%
Total securities available-for-sale																				Total securities available-for-sale				$	34,889			0.48	%		$	1,611			(0.22)	%		$	1,503,068			0.45	%		$	8,241,264			1.22	%		$	9,780,832			$	9,463,494			1.10	%

Securities Held-to-Maturity:																				Securities Held-to-Maturity:
U.S. Treasuries																				U.S. Treasuries				$	—			—			$	1,245,293			1.33	%		$	—			—			$	—			—			$	1,245,293			$	1,202,805			1.33	%

Residential mortgage-backed securities:																				Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities																				Government agency mortgage-backed securities				—				—			—				—			—				—			547,423				1.34	%		547,423				512,527				1.34	%
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation																				Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation				—				—			—				—			50				1.93	%		113,871				0.90	%		113,921				106,729				0.90	%

Commercial mortgage-backed securities:																				Commercial mortgage-backed securities:

Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation																				Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation				—				—			—				—			53,408				1.53	%		—				—			53,408				48,229				1.53	%

Municipal bonds:																				Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt																				Tax-exempt				—				—			—				—			—				—			393,965				1.81	%		393,965				349,700				1.81	%
Taxable																				Taxable				—				—			—				—			221,917				1.87	%		175,698				2.34	%		397,615				358,986				2.08	%

Total securities held-to-maturity																				Total securities held-to-maturity				$	—			—			$	1,245,293			1.33	%		$	275,375			1.80	%		$	1,230,957			1.59	%		$	2,751,625			$	2,578,976			1.50	%
Total securities	Total securities	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	56,363	0.94	%	$	1,634,225	1.43	%	$	1,690,588	$	1,717,418		1.41	%	Total securities			$	34,889			0.48	%		$	1,246,904			1.33	%		$	1,778,443			0.66	%		$	9,472,221			1.27	%		$	12,532,457			$	12,042,470			1.19	%

4145

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March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
Amortized
Cost Fair
Value Amortized
Cost Fair
Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Securities Available-for-Sale:
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities $ 152,253 $ 151,218 $ 5,701 $ 5,664
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation 686,030 683,380 197,978 198,051
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation 18,688 19,048 20,544 20,687
Commercial mortgage-backed securities:
Government agency mortgage-backed securities 49,135 49,113 — —
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligation 42,435 42,400 — —
Private-label collateralized mortgage obligation 163,993 174,497 164,214 182,536
Municipal bonds:
Tax-exempt 318,132 336,920 246,159 270,359
Taxable 14,206 15,643 15,307 16,002
Asset backed securities:
Government sponsored student loan pools 245,716 245,199 248,848 245,716
Total securities $ 1,690,588 $ 1,717,418 $ 898,751 $ 939,015

Loan Portfolio

~~Our primary source of income is derived from interest earned on loans.~~ Our loan portfolio consists primarily of mortgage warehouse loans, loans secured by real estate and mortgage warehouse loans. Our loan customers primarily consist of small- to medium-sized businesses, professionals, real estate investors, small residential builders and individuals. Our owner-occupied and investment commercial real estate loans, multi-family loans and commercial and industrial loans provide us with higher risk-adjusted returns, relatively shorter maturities and more sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations, andbitcoin which are complemented by our relatively lower risk residential real estate loans to individuals. Our commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, and construction lending activities are primarily directed to our market area of Southern California. Our one-to-four family residential loans and warehouse loans are sourced throughout the United States.

In 2020, we began offering a new lending product called SEN Leverage, which allows Silvergate customers to obtain U.S. dollar loans collateralized by bitcoin held at select digital currency exchanges and other custodians that are also customers of the Bank. Our SEN Leverage product enables our digital currency customers to borrow U.S. dollars directly from the Bank to purchase bitcoin using bitcoin as the collateral for these loans, which we refer to as SEN Leverage direct lending. In the SEN Leverage direct lending structure, a Bank exchange customer, acting as custodian, holds the borrower’s bitcoin and the Bank uses the SEN to fund the loan directly to the borrower’s account at the exchange. In addition to providing SEN Leverage direct lending, the Bank also provides loans collateralized with bitcoin to certain third-party digital currency industry lenders for loans to their customers, which we refer to as SEN Leverage indirect lending. In the SEN Leverage indirect lending structure, the lender uses bitcoin to collateralize its loan with the Bank and the funding of the loan and liquidation of the collateral may or may not occur via the SEN. The Bank uses a custodian to custody the bitcoin collateral and a separate digital currency service provider to monitor the bitcoin collateral coverage ratio and, if necessary, to liquidate the bitcoin collateral. We believe our SEN Leverage product is unique in the digital currency industry, creating both deeper relationships with our clients and an attractive source of potential future revenue growth. The outstanding balance of SEN Leverage loans was $117.3 million and $77.2 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and is included in the commercial and industrial loan ~~segment.~~

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segment and loans secured by real estate. The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by loan segment as of the dates indicated:

COMPOSITION OF LOAN PORTFOLIO


		March 31, 2021				December 31, 2020					March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent			Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:	Real estate:									Real estate:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	171,045	23.3	%	$	187,855	25.0	%	One-to-four family	$	94,161	12.6	%	$	105,098	11.8	%
Multi-family	Multi-family	74,003		10.1	%	77,126		10.3	%	Multi-family	9,368		1.3	%	56,751		6.3	%
Commercial	Commercial	287,411		39.2	%	301,901		40.2	%	Commercial	80,279		10.8	%	210,136		23.5	%
Construction	Construction	5,172		0.7	%	6,272		0.8	%	Construction	—		—		7,573		0.8	%
Commercial and industrial(1)	Commercial and industrial(1)	118,598		16.2	%	78,909		10.5	%	Commercial and industrial(1)	434,960		58.3	%	335,862		37.6	%

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	1,346		0.2	%	1,495		0.2	%	Reverse mortgage and other	1,137		0.2	%	1,410		0.2	%
Mortgage warehouse	Mortgage warehouse	76,014		10.3	%	97,903		13.0	%	Mortgage warehouse	125,435		16.8	%	177,115		19.8	%
Total gross loans held-for-investment	Total gross loans held-for-investment	733,589		100.0	%	751,461		100.0	%	Total gross loans held-for-investment	745,340		100.0	%	893,945		100.0	%
Deferred fees, net	Deferred fees, net	1,717				2,206				Deferred fees, net	(1,884)				275
Total loans held-for-investment	Total loans held-for-investment	735,306				753,667				Total loans held-for-investment	743,456				894,220
Allowance for loan losses	Allowance for loan losses	(6,916)				(6,916)				Allowance for loan losses	(4,442)				(6,916)
Total net loans held-for-investment	Total net loans held-for-investment	$	728,390			$	746,751			Total net loans held-for-investment	$	739,014			$	887,304
Loans held-for-sale~~(1)~~(2)	Loans held-for-sale~~(1)~~(2)	$	897,227			$	865,961			Loans held-for-sale~~(1)~~(2)	$	937,140			$	893,194

________________________

(1)Commercial and industrial loans includes $435.0 million and $335.9 million of SEN Leverage loans as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

(2)Loans held-for-sale ~~are comprised entirely~~includes $914.2 million and $893.2 million of mortgage warehouse loans ~~for all periods presented.~~as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

In March 2022, the Company sold $216.1 million of commercial real estate, multi-family real estate and construction loans gross loans, and purchased a participating interest of $67.6 million of those loans, which decreased overall gross loans by approximately $148.5 million compared to December 31, 2021. In addition, there were $22.9 million of commercial real estate and construction loans transferred to held-for-sale as of March 31, 2022.

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The repayment of loans is a source of additional liquidity for the Bank. The following table details maturities and sensitivity to interest rate changes for our loans held-for-investment at March 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

LOAN MATURITY AND SENSITIVITY TO CHANGES IN INTEREST RATES


		March 31, 2021									March 31, 2022
		Due in One Year or Less		Due in One to Five Years		Due After Five Years		Total			Due in One Year or Less		Due in One to Five Years		Due After Five Years to 15 Years		Due After 15 Years		Total

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:	Real estate:									Real estate:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	18	$	405	$	170,622	$	171,045	One-to-four family	$	16	$	642	$	6,472	$	87,571	$	94,701
Multi-family	Multi-family	2,503		41,585		29,915		74,003		Multi-family	—		8,827		540		—		9,367
Commercial	Commercial	40,001		146,917		100,493		287,411		Commercial	11,877		51,565		16,831		—		80,273
Construction		1,261		3,911		—		5,172

Commercial and industrial	Commercial and industrial	118,598		—		—		118,598		Commercial and industrial	185,796		246,733		4		—		432,533

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	—		—		1,346		1,346		Reverse mortgage and other	—		—		—		1,147		1,147
Mortgage warehouse	Mortgage warehouse	76,014		—		—		76,014		Mortgage warehouse	125,435		—		—		—		125,435
Total gross loans held-for-investment		$	238,395	$	192,818	$	302,376	$	733,589
Total loans held-for-investment										Total loans held-for-investment	$	323,124	$	307,767	$	23,847	$	88,718	$	743,456
Amounts with fixed rates	Amounts with fixed rates	$	201,739	$	176,551	$	47,991	$	426,281	Amounts with fixed rates	$	7,518	$	60,433	$	4,408	$	2,959	$	75,318
Amounts with floating rates	Amounts with floating rates	$	36,656	$	16,267	$	254,385	$	307,308	Amounts with floating rates	$	315,606	$	247,334	$	19,439	$	85,759	$	668,138

Nonperforming Assets

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether such loans are actually past due. In general, we place loans on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due. We also place loans on nonaccrual status if they are less than 90 days past due if the collection

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of principal or interest is in doubt. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed from income. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments received exceed principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are, in management’s opinion, reasonably assured. Any loan which the Bank deems to be uncollectible, in whole or in part, is charged off to the extent of the anticipated loss. Loans that are past due for 180 days or more are charged off unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection.

We believe our disciplined lending approach and focused management of nonperforming assets has resulted in sound asset quality and timely resolution of problem assets. We have several procedures in place to assist us in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. We have established underwriting guidelines to be followed by our loan officers, and we also monitor our delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.

~~Nonperforming~~Nonaccrual loans ~~increased~~decreased to ~~$5.3~~$3.6 million, or ~~0.73%~~0.49% of total loans, at March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, compared to ~~$5.0~~$4.0 million, or ~~0.66%~~0.45% of total loans, at December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. The ~~increase~~decrease in ~~nonperforming~~nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 was due primarily to ~~an increase~~a decrease in ~~one-to-four family real estate~~nonaccrual reverse mortgage loans.

Total nonperforming assets were ~~$5.3~~$3.6 million and ~~$5.0~~$4.0 million at March 31, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively, or ~~0.07%~~0.02% and ~~0.09%~~0.03%, respectively, of total assets.

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The following table presents information regarding nonperforming assets at the dates indicated:

NONPERFORMING ASSETS


		March 31, 2021			December 31, 2020				March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021

		(Dollars in thousands)							(Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans							Nonaccrual loans
Real estate:	Real estate:							Real estate:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	4,457		$	4,113		One-to-four family	$	2,986		$	3,080

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	876			869			Reverse mortgage and other	646			923

Total nonaccrual loans								Total nonaccrual loans	3,632			4,003
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due	Accruing loans 90 or more days past due	—			—			Accruing loans 90 or more days past due	—			—
Total gross nonperforming loans		5,333			4,982
Total nonperforming loans								Total nonperforming loans	3,632			4,003
Other real estate owned, net	Other real estate owned, net	—			—			Other real estate owned, net	—			—
Total nonperforming assets	Total nonperforming assets	$	5,333		$	4,982		Total nonperforming assets	$	3,632		$	4,003
Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans(1)		0.73		%	0.66		%
Ratio of nonaccrual loans to total loans(1)								Ratio of nonaccrual loans to total loans(1)	0.49		%	0.45		%
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans								Ratio of allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans	122.30		%	172.77		%
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets	Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets	0.07		%	0.09		%	Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets	0.02		%	0.03		%

Troubled debt restructurings	Troubled debt restructurings							Troubled debt restructurings
Restructured loans-nonaccrual	Restructured loans-nonaccrual	$	564		$	564		Restructured loans-nonaccrual	$	563		$	564
Restructured loans-accruing	Restructured loans-accruing	920			961			Restructured loans-accruing	1,140			1,149
Total troubled debt restructurings	Total troubled debt restructurings	$	1,484		$	1,525		Total troubled debt restructurings	$	1,703		$	1,713

________________________

(1)Total loans exclude loans held-for-sale at each of the dates presented.

~~COVID-19 Update~~Impaired Loans and TDRs.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus as a pandemic. The effects of the outbreak are still evolving, and the ultimate severity and duration of the pandemic and the implications on global economic conditions remains uncertain. The following is a summary of the impact and potential effects of COVID-19 on the Company’s loan portfolio.

~~At March 31, 2021, our gross~~Impaired loans held-for-investment portfolio was $733.6 million, with its largest segments consisting of commercial real estate and one-to-four-family residential real estate loans. Although there is significant uncertainty in the current economic environment due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, our relatively low to moderate loan-to-value ratios provide a lower probability of loss in the event of defaults in our loan portfolio. We will continue to monitor trends in our loan portfolio segments for any known or probable adverse conditions with an emphasis on our retail and hospitality loans within our commercial real estate loan portfolio.

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Additional information at March 31, 2021 related to our loan segments, including the weighted average loan-to-values for our real estate portfolio, is set forth below. Weighted average loan-to-value ratios are based on current loan balances and appraised values obtained either at loan origination or based on a more current updated appraisal.

March 31, 2021

Loan Balance
At Period End Weighted
Average
Loan-to-Value Percentage of
Gross Loans Held-for-Investment
Loan Segment: (Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family $ 171,045 54 % 23.3 %
Multi-family 74,003 51 % 10.1 %
Commercial industry sectors:
Retail 75,585 54 % 10.3 %
Hospitality 46,640 44 % 6.4 %
Office 47,823 64 % 6.5 %
Industrial 63,813 60 % 8.7 %
Other 53,550 43 % 7.3 %
Total commercial 287,411 53 % 39.2 %
Construction 5,172 56 % 0.7 %
Other 195,958 N/A 26.7 %
Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 733,589 N/A 100.0 %

~~In March 2020, Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that such modifications made on~~also include certain loans that ~~were current~~have been modified as ~~of December 31, 2019 are not~~ troubled debt restructurings, ~~(“TDRs”). In December 2020, CARES Act was extended to allow eligible loan modifications until the earlier of January 1, 2022~~ or the date that is 60 days after the termination date of the national emergency. In accordance with interagency guidance issued in April 2020, short-term modifications made to a borrower affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and governmental shutdown orders, such as payment deferrals, fee waivers and extensions of repayment terms, do not need to be identified as TDRs if the loans were current at the time a modification plan was implemented. The Company elected to adopt the provisions of the CARES Act for modifications that meet the requirements described above. None of the modified loans met the criteria of a TDR under the CARES Act or the related interagency statement.

In April 2020, the Company implemented a short-term loan modification program for customers impacted financially by the COVID-19 pandemic to provide temporary relief to certain borrowers who meet the program’s qualifications. Due to the fluid nature of COVID-19, this program has been evolving in order to provide maximum relief to bank borrowers.TDRs. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the ~~remaining~~Company held eight loans totaling $1.7 million that were TDRs.

A loan is identified as a TDR when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and, for economic or legal reasons related to these difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower in ~~deferral~~the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. The Company has granted a concession when, as a result of the restructuring, it does not expect to collect all amounts due or within the time periods originally due under the original contract, including one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a temporary forbearance with regard to ~~COVID-19~~the payment of principal or interest. All TDRs are reviewed for potential impairment. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a minimum period of six months to demonstrate that the borrower can perform under the restructured terms. If the borrower’s performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as ~~follows:~~
Loan Balance
At Period End Percentage of
Gross Loans Held-for-Investment
(Dollars in thousands)
COVID-19 related modifications:
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family $ 6,928 0.9 %
Commercial industry sectors:
Retail 10,492 1.4 %
Hospitality 40,019 5.5 %
Office 7,874 1.1 %
Total commercial 58,385 8.0 %
Total modifications outstanding $ 65,313 8.9 %
a nonaccrual loan. Loans classified as TDRs are reported as impaired loans.

Loans Grading

From a credit risk standpoint, we grade watchlist and problem loans into one of five categories: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss. The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. We review the ratings on credits regularly. Ratings are adjusted regularly to reflect the degree of risk and loss that our

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management believes to be appropriate for each credit. Our methodology is structured so that specific reserve allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss). ~~The Bank uses the following definitions for risk ratings:~~

•~~Pass. Loans in all classes that are not adversely rated, are contractually current as to principal and interest, and are otherwise in compliance with the contractual terms~~Table of ~~the loan agreement. Management believes that there is a low likelihood of loss related to those loans that are considered pass.~~Contents

•~~Special Mention~~. A special mention loan has potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention. If uncorrected, such weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in our credit position at some future date.

•~~Substandard~~. A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.

•~~Doubtful~~. A doubtful loan has all weaknesses inherent in one classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

•~~Loss. Credits rated as loss are charged-off. We have no expectation of the recovery of any payments in respect of credits rated as loss.~~

The following table presents the loan balances by segment as well as risk rating. No assets were classified as loss during the periods presented.

LOAN CLASSIFICATION


		Credit Risk Grades											Credit Risk Grades
		Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total			Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total

		(Dollars in thousands)											(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
March 31, 2022												March 31, 2022
Real estate loans:	Real estate loans:											Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	163,313	$	3,275	$	4,457	$	—	$	171,045	One-to-four family	$	91,166	$	549	$	2,986	$	—	$	94,701
Multi-family	Multi-family	74,003		—		—		—		74,003		Multi-family	9,367		—		—		—		9,367
Commercial	Commercial	265,135		14,402		7,874		—		287,411		Commercial	65,305		13,732		1,236		—		80,273
Construction		5,172		—		—		—		5,172

Commercial and industrial	Commercial and industrial	118,361		—		237		—		118,598		Commercial and industrial	432,533		—		—		—		432,533

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	470		—		876		—		1,346		Reverse mortgage and other	501		—		646		—		1,147
Mortgage warehouse	Mortgage warehouse	76,014		—		—		—		76,014		Mortgage warehouse	125,435		—		—		—		125,435
Total gross loans held-for-investment		$	702,468	$	17,677	$	13,444	$	—	$	733,589
Total loans held-for-investment												Total loans held-for-investment	$	724,307	$	14,281	$	4,868	$	—	$	743,456

Credit Risk Grades
Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total
(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family $ 180,458 $ 3,284 $ 4,113 $ — $ 187,855
Multi-family 77,126 — — — 77,126
Commercial 288,309 5,825 7,767 — 301,901
Construction 6,272 — — — 6,272
Commercial and industrial 78,635 — 274 — 78,909
Reverse mortgage and other 626 — 869 — 1,495
Mortgage warehouse 97,903 — — — 97,903
Total gross loans held-for-investment $ 729,329 $ 9,109 $ 13,023 $ — $ 751,461

~~Table~~ ~~of Contents~~

~~Loan Reviews and Problem Loan Management~~

Our credit administration staff conducts meetings at least four times a year to review asset quality and loan delinquencies. The Bank’s Loan Portfolio Management Procedure prescribes loan review frequency and scope through a risk-based approach that considers loan amount, type, risk rating and payment status. Individual loan reviews encompass a loan’s payment status and history, current and projected paying capacity of the borrower and/or guarantor(s), current condition and estimated value of any collateral, sufficiency of credit and collateral documentation, and compliance with Bank and regulatory lending standards. Loan reviewers assign an overall loan risk rating from one of the Bank’s loan rating categories and prepare a written report summarizing the review.

Once a loan is identified as a problem loan or a loan requiring a workout, the Bank makes an evaluation and develops a plan for handling the loan. In developing such a plan, management reviews all relevant information from the loan file and any loan review reports. We have a conversation with the borrower and update current and projected financial information (including borrower global cash flows when possible) and collateral valuation estimates. Following analysis of all available relevant information, management adopts an action plan from the following alternatives: (a) continuation of loan collection efforts on their existing terms, (b) a restructure of the loan’s terms, (c) a sale of the loan, (d) a charge off or partial charge off, (e) foreclosure on pledged collateral, or (f) acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure.

~~Impaired Loans and TDRs.~~ Impaired loans also include certain loans that have been modified as TDRs. As of March 31, 2021, the Company held seven loans totaling $1.5 million that were TDRs, compared to seven loans totaling to $1.5 million at December 31, 2020.

A loan is identified as a TDR when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and, for economic or legal reasons related to these difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. The Company has granted a concession when, as a result of the restructuring, it does not expect to collect all amounts due or within the time periods originally due under the original contract, including one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a temporary forbearance with regard to the payment of principal or interest. All TDRs are reviewed for potential impairment. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a minimum period of six months to demonstrate that the borrower can perform under the restructured terms. If the borrower’s performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan. Loans classified as TDRs are reported as impaired loans.


	Credit Risk Grades
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2021
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	102,307	$	451	$	3,080	$	—	$	105,838
Multi-family	56,855		—		—		—		56,855
Commercial	199,598		10,528		—		—		210,126
Construction	7,502		—		—		—		7,502
Commercial and industrial	335,362		—		—		—		335,362

Reverse mortgage and other	499		—		923		—		1,422
Mortgage warehouse	177,115		—		—		—		177,115
Total loans held-for-investment	$	879,238	$	10,979	$	4,003	$	—	$	894,220

Allowance for Loan Losses

We maintain an allowance for loan losses that represents management’s best estimate of the loan losses and risks inherent in our loan portfolio. The amount of the allowance for loan losses should not be interpreted as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will necessarily occur in those amounts, or at all. In determining the allowance for loan losses, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably determined. The balance of the allowance for loan losses is based on internally assigned risk classifications of loans, historical loan loss rates, changes in the nature of our loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, current economic factors and the estimated impact of current economic conditions on certain historical loan loss rates.

In reviewing our loan portfolio, we consider risk elements attributable to particular loan types or categories in assessing the quality of individual loans. Some of the risk elements we consider include:

•For residential mortgage loans, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, including a consideration of the debt-to-income ratio and employment and income stability, the loan-to-value ratio, and the age, condition and marketability of the collateral;

•For commercial and multi-family mortgage loans, the debt service coverage ratio, operating results of the owner in the case of owner-occupied properties, the loan-to-value ratio, the age and condition of the collateral and the volatility of income, property value and future operating results typical of properties of that type;

•For construction loans, the perceived feasibility of the project including the ability to sell improvements constructed for resale, the quality and nature of contracts for presale, if any, experience and ability of the builder, loan-to-cost ratio and loan-to-value ratio;

•For commercial and industrial loans, the debt service coverage ratio (income from the business exceeding operating expenses compared to loan repayment requirements), the operating results of the commercial or professional enterprise, the borrower’s business, professional and financial ability and expertise, the specific risks and volatility of income and operating results typical for businesses in that category and the value, nature and marketability of collateral, risks related to new product offerings such as loans secured by bitcoin and the volatility of this particular collateral type; and

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•For mortgage warehouse loans held-for-investment, despite our negligible loss history, we provide a loss allowance factor subject to quarterly adjustment. Mortgage warehouse loans held-for-sale are not subject to any loan loss allowance and are recorded at lower of cost or fair market value.

The following table presents a summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses for the periods and dates indicated:

ANALYSIS OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended
		2021			2020				March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021			March 31, 2021

		(Dollars in thousands)							(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	6,916		$	6,191		Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	6,916		$	6,916		$	6,916

Total charge-offs		—			—

Total recoveries		—			—

Net charge-offs	Net charge-offs	—			—			Net charge-offs	—			—			—
Provision for loan losses		—			367
Reversal of provision for loan losses								Reversal of provision for loan losses	(2,474)			—			—
Allowance for loan losses at period end	Allowance for loan losses at period end	$	6,916		$	6,558		Allowance for loan losses at period end	$	4,442		$	6,916		$	6,916

Total gross loans outstanding (end of period)		$	733,589		$	683,214
Total loans outstanding (end of period)								Total loans outstanding (end of period)	$	743,456		$	894,220		$	735,306
Average loans outstanding	Average loans outstanding	$	744,557		$	664,040		Average loans outstanding	$	792,071		$	779,244		$	744,557

Allowance for loan losses to period end loans	Allowance for loan losses to period end loans	0.94		%	0.96		%	Allowance for loan losses to period end loans	0.60		%	0.77		%	0.94		%
Net charge-offs to average loans	Net charge-offs to average loans	0.00		%	0.00		%	Net charge-offs to average loans	0.00		%	0.00		%	0.00		%

Our allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and March 31, ~~2020~~2021 was $4.4 million, $6.9 million and ~~$6.6~~$6.9 million, respectively, or ~~0.94%~~0.60%, 0.77% and ~~0.96%~~0.94% of loans held-for-investment for each respective period-end. The decrease in the ratio of the allowance for loan losses to ~~gross~~ loans held-for-investment from March 31, ~~2020~~2021 was primarily due to ~~changes in~~the lower risk profile of the loan ~~product and segment mix.~~portfolio as a result of the loan sale discussed above.

We had no charge-offs and no recoveries for ~~the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020.~~all periods presented.

Although we believe that we have established our allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP and that the allowance for loan losses was adequate to provide for known and inherent losses in the portfolio at all times shown above, future provisions for loan losses will be subject to ongoing evaluations of the risks in our loan portfolio.

The following table shows the allocation of the allowance for loan losses among loan categories and ~~certain other information~~percent of loans in each category to total loans as of the dates indicated. The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any loan category.

ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES


		March 31, 2021				December 31, 2020					March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
		Amount		Percent(1)		Amount		Percent(1)			Amount		Percent(1)		Amount		Percent(1)

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:	Real estate:									Real estate:
One-to-four family	One-to-four family	$	1,634	0.22	%	$	1,245	0.17	%	One-to-four family	$	800	12.6	%	$	1,023	11.8	%
Multi-family	Multi-family	828		0.11	%	878		0.12	%	Multi-family	100		1.3	%	682		6.3	%
Commercial	Commercial	3,251		0.44	%	1,810		0.24	%	Commercial	475		10.8	%	2,017		23.5	%
Construction	Construction	493		0.07	%	590		0.08	%	Construction	—		0.0	%	776		0.8	%
Commercial and industrial	Commercial and industrial	360		0.05	%	1,931		0.24	%	Commercial and industrial	2,499		58.3	%	1,566		37.6	%

Reverse mortgage and other	Reverse mortgage and other	18		0.00	%	39		0.01	%	Reverse mortgage and other	11		0.2	%	12		0.2	%
Mortgage warehouse	Mortgage warehouse	332		0.05	%	423		0.06	%	Mortgage warehouse	557		16.8	%	840		19.8	%
Total allowance for loan losses		$	6,916	0.94	%	$	6,916	0.92	%
Total										Total	$	4,442	100.0	%	$	6,916	100.0	%

________________________

(1)Loan amount as a percentage of total ~~gross~~ loans.

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Deposits

Deposits are the major source of funding for the ~~Company. We offer a variety of deposit products including interest and noninterest bearing demand accounts, money market and savings accounts and certificates of deposit,~~Company, substantially all of which ~~we market at competitive pricing. We generate deposits~~are derived from our ~~customers on a relationship basis and through the efforts of our commercial lending officers.~~digital currency customer base. Deposits ~~increased $1.8~~decreased $0.9 billion or ~~33.4%~~6.3% to ~~$7.0~~$13.4 billion at March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, compared to ~~$5.2~~$14.3 billion at December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. Noninterest bearing deposits totaled ~~$6.9~~$13.3 billion, representing approximately ~~98.4%~~99.5% of total deposits at March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, compared to ~~$5.1~~$14.2 billion, representing approximately ~~97.8%~~99.5% of total deposits at December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

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At March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, deposits by foreign depositors amounted to ~~$2.8~~$4.3 billion or ~~39.7%~~31.8% of total deposits, compared to ~~$1.4~~$4.0 billion, or ~~27.6%~~28.0% of total deposits, at December 31, 2020.The increase in total deposits from the prior year end was driven by an increase in deposits from digital currency exchanges, institutional investors in digital assets and other fintech related customers, with elevated client activity evidenced by the record volume of SEN transactions during the quarter.2021. The Bank’s 10 largest depositors accounted for ~~$2.8~~$6.5 billion in deposits, or approximately ~~40.6%~~48.2% of total deposits at March 31, ~~2021~~2022 compared to ~~$2.5~~$6.5 billion in deposits, or approximately ~~47.5%~~45.3% of total deposits at December 31, ~~2020, substantially all~~2021.

Deposits that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 and over totaled $13.2 billion at March 31, 2022. The amounts stated for uninsured deposits as of the reported period are estimates due to the impracticability of precisely measuring amounts of uninsured deposits for accounts held through fiduciary relationships, some portion of which ~~are customers operating in the digital currency industry.~~may qualify for “pass-through” insurance coverage under FDIC regulations. Accordingly, a portion of our reported uninsured deposits may be eligible for pass-through deposit insurance coverage. There were no uninsured certificates of deposit at March 31, 2022.

Our ~~continued~~ growth has been accompanied by significant fluctuations in the level of our deposits, in particular our deposits from customers in the digital currency ~~industry, as our customers in this industry typically carry higher balances over the weekend to take advantage of the 24/7 availability of the SEN, and carry lower balances during the business week.~~industry. The Bank’s average total digital currency deposits during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 amounted to ~~$6.4~~$14.7 billion, the high and low daily total digital currency deposit levels during such time were ~~$8.4~~$16.2 billion and $13.2 billion, respectively, compared to an average of $10.2 billion during the three months ended December 31, 2021, and the high and low daily deposit levels were $16.0 billion and $4.6 billion, respectively.

Demand for new deposit accounts is generated by the Company’s banking platform for innovators that includes the SEN, which is enabled through Silvergate’s proprietary API, and other cash management solutions. These tools enable Silvergate’s clients to grow their business and scale operations. The following table presents a breakdown of our digital currency customer base and the deposits held by such customers at the dates noted below:


		March 31, 2021			December 31, 2020				March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
		Number of Customers	Total Deposits(1)		Number of Customers	Total Deposits(1)			Number of Customers	Total Deposits(1)		Number of Customers	Total Deposits(1)

		(Dollars in millions)							(Dollars in millions)
Digital currency exchanges	Digital currency exchanges	85	$	2,993	76	$	2,479	Digital currency exchanges	96	$	7,960	94	$	8,288
Institutional investors	Institutional investors	695	2,166		607	1,811		Institutional investors	966	3,109		894	4,220
Other customers	Other customers	324	1,634		286	749		Other customers	441	2,126		393	1,603
Total	Total	1,104	$	6,793	969	$	5,039	Total	1,503	$	13,195	1,381	$	14,111

________________________

(1)Total deposits may not foot due to rounding.

Our cost of total deposits and our cost of funds was 0.00% and 0.01%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to 0.00% and 0.02%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to 0.87% and 0.94%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in the weighted average cost of deposits compared to the prior period was driven by the absence of any interest expense associated with brokered certificates of deposit, which were called in the second quarter of 2020.

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2021.

The following table presents the average balances and average rates paid on deposits for the periods indicated:

COMPOSITION OF DEPOSITS


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2021				Year Ended December 31, 2020					Three Months Ended March 31, 2022				Year Ended December 31, 2021
		Average Balance		Average Rate		Average Balance		Average Rate			Average Balance		Average Rate		Average Balance		Average Rate

		(Dollars in thousands)									(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest bearing demand accounts(1)	Noninterest bearing demand accounts(1)	$	6,526,555	—		$	1,931,310	—		Noninterest bearing demand accounts(1)	$	14,781,601	—		$	10,319,141	—
Interest bearing accounts:	Interest bearing accounts:									Interest bearing accounts:
Interest bearing demand accounts	Interest bearing demand accounts	42,197		0.13	%	44,991		0.14	%	Interest bearing demand accounts	5,531		0.07	%	21,310		0.12	%
Money market and savings accounts(2)	Money market and savings accounts(2)	74,318		0.16	%	71,432		0.46	%	Money market and savings accounts(2)	70,632		0.11	%	70,215		0.15	%
Certificates of deposit:
Brokered certificates of deposit		—		—		95,611		5.65	%
Other		713		0.57	%	1,311		0.92	%

Certificates of deposit										Certificates of deposit	500		0.81	%	612		0.65	%
Total interest bearing deposits	Total interest bearing deposits	117,228		0.16	%	213,345		2.72	%	Total interest bearing deposits	76,663		0.11	%	92,137		0.15	%
Total deposits	Total deposits	$	6,643,783	0.00	%	$	2,144,655	0.27	%	Total deposits	$	14,858,264	0.00	%	$	10,411,278	0.00	%

~~The following table presents~~________________________

(1)Noninterest bearing demand accounts includes an average balance of $4.8 billion and $3.1 billion of foreign deposits for the ~~maturities of our certificates of deposit as of~~three months ended March 31, ~~2021:~~2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021, respectively

(2)Money market and savings accounts includes an average balance of $0.6 million and $0.5 million of foreign deposits with an average rate paid of 0.01% and 0.05% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021, respectively.

~~MATURITIES OF CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT~~

Three
Months
or Less Over
Three
Through
Six
Months Over Six
Through
Twelve
Months Over
Twelve
Months Total
(Dollars in thousands)
$100,000 or more $ — $ — $ — $ 306 $ 306
Less than $100,000 67 53 100 111 331
Total $ 67 $ 53 $ 100 $ 417 $ 637

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Borrowings

We primarily utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investment activities, each of which is discussed below.

FHLB Advances. The FHLB allows us to borrow up to 35% of the Bank’s assets on a blanket floating lien status collateralized by certain securities and loans. AtAs of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, approximately ~~$1.4~~$2.4 billion in ~~real estate~~ loans and securities were pledged as collateral for our FHLB borrowings. We ~~utilize~~may use these borrowings to meet liquidity needs and to fund certain fixed rate loans in our portfolio. AtAs of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we had no$800.0 million of outstanding FHLB advances and had an additional ~~$866.7 million~~$1.2 billion in available borrowing capacity from the FHLB.

The following table sets forth certain information on our FHLB borrowings during the periods presented:

FHLB ADVANCES


	Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022			Year Ended December 31, ~~2020~~2021

	(Dollars in thousands)
Amount outstanding at period-end	—$	800,000		$	—
Weighted average interest rate at period-end	—0.43		%	—
~~Maximum month-end balance during the period~~	—					$	~~360,000~~
~~Average balance outstanding during the period~~	—					$	~~68,522~~
~~Weighted average interest rate during the period~~	—					~~0.50~~	%

Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. The FRB has an available borrower in custody arrangement that allows us to borrow on a collateralized basis. The ~~Company’s~~Bank’s borrowing capacity under the Federal Reserve’s discount window program was ~~$5.1~~$2.9 million as of March 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Certain commercial loans are pledged under this arrangement. We maintain this

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borrowing arrangement to meet liquidity needs pursuant to our contingency funding plan. No advances were outstanding under this facility as of March 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

The Company has also issued subordinated debentures and has access to borrow federal funds or lines of credit with correspondent banks. At March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, these outstanding borrowings amounted to $15.8 million.

Subordinated Debentures. A trust formed by the Company issued $12.5 million of floating rate trust preferred securities in July 2001 as part of a pooled offering of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trust in exchange for its proceeds from the offering. The debentures and related accrued interest represent substantially all the assets of the trust. The subordinated debentures bear interest at six-month LIBOR plus 375 basis points, which adjusts every six months in January and July of each year. Interest is payable semiannually. At March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the interest rate for the Company’s next scheduled payment was ~~3.98%~~4.19%, based on six-month LIBOR of ~~0.23%~~0.44%. On any January 25 or July 25 the Company may redeem the 2001 subordinated debentures at 100% of principal amount plus accrued interest. The 2001 subordinated debentures mature on July 25, 2031.

A second trust formed by the Company issued $3.0 million of trust preferred securities in January 2005 as part of a pooled offering of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trust in exchange for its proceeds from the offering. The debentures and related accrued interest represent substantially all the assets of the trust. The subordinated debentures bear interest at three-month LIBOR plus 185 basis points, which adjusts every three months. Interest is payable quarterly. At March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the interest rate for the Company’s next scheduled payment was ~~2.03%~~2.68%, based on three-month LIBOR of ~~0.18%~~0.83%. On the 15th day of any March, June, September, or December, the Company may redeem the 2005 subordinated debentures at 100% of principal amount plus accrued interest. The 2005 subordinated debentures mature on March 15, 2035.

Other Borrowings. At March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had no outstanding balance of federal funds purchased and had available lines of credit of ~~$68.0~~$108.0 million with other correspondent banks.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity is defined as the Bank’s capacity to meet its cash and collateral obligations at a reasonable cost. Maintaining an adequate level of liquidity depends on the Bank’s ability to meet both expected and unexpected cash flows and collateral needs efficiently without adversely affecting either daily operations or the financial condition of the Bank. Liquidity risk is the risk that we will be unable to meet our obligations as they become due because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate

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funding. The Bank’s obligations, and the funding sources used to meet them, depend significantly on our business mix, balance sheet structure and the cash flow profiles of our on- and off-balance sheet obligations. In managing our cash flows, management regularly confronts situations that can give rise to increased liquidity risk. These include funding mismatches, market constraints on the ability to convert assets into cash or in accessing sources of funds (i.e., market liquidity) and contingent liquidity events. Changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operation, legal and reputational risks also could affect the Bank’s liquidity risk profile and are considered in the assessment of liquidity and asset/liability management.

We maintain high levels of liquidity for our customers who operate in the digital currency industry, as these deposits are subject to potentially dramatic fluctuations due to certain factors that may be outside of our control. As a result, ~~our investment portfolio is~~we have a significant amount of liquid assets such as interest earning deposits in other banks and available-for-sale securities which are comprised primarily of mortgage-backed securities backed by government-sponsored entities, collateralized mortgage obligations, municipal bonds and asset-backed securities.

Management has established a comprehensive management process for identifying, measuring, monitoring and controlling liquidity risk. Because of its critical importance to the viability of the Bank, liquidity risk management is fully integrated into our risk management processes. Critical elements of our liquidity risk management include: effective corporate governance consisting of oversight by the board of directors and active involvement by management; appropriate strategies, policies, procedures, and limits used to manage and mitigate liquidity risk; comprehensive liquidity risk measurement and monitoring systems (including assessments of the current and prospective cash flows or sources and uses of funds) that are commensurate with the complexity and business activities of the Bank; active management of intraday liquidity and collateral; an appropriately diverse mix of existing and potential future funding sources; adequate levels of cash and cash equivalents and highly liquid marketable securities free of legal, regulatory or operational impediments, that can be used to meet liquidity needs in stressful situations; comprehensive contingency funding plans that sufficiently address potential adverse liquidity events and emergency cash flow

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requirements; and internal controls and internal audit processes sufficient to determine the adequacy of the institution’s liquidity risk management process.

The movement of funds on our balance sheet among different SEN deposit customers does not reduce the Bank’s deposits and thus does not result in liquidity issues or require any borrowing by the Company or the Bank. In addition, to the extent that SEN participants fully withdraw funds from the Bank, no material liquidity issues or borrowing needs would arise since the majority of SEN participants deposits are held in liquid assets, such as available-for-sale securities and cash, or used to fund short-term mortgage warehouse loans.

We expect funds to be available from basic banking activity sources, including the core deposit base, the repayment and maturity of loans and investment security cash flows. Other potential funding sources include borrowings from the FHLB, the FRB, other lines of credit and brokered certificates of deposit. AtAs of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we had ~~$866.7 million~~$1.2 billion of available borrowing capacity from the FHLB, ~~$5.1~~$2.9 million of available borrowing capacity from the FRB and available lines of credit of ~~$68.0~~$108.0 million with other correspondent banks. Cash and cash equivalents at March 31, ~~2021~~2022 were ~~$4.3~~$1.4 billion. Accordingly, our liquidity resources were at sufficient levels to fund loans and meet other cash needs as necessary.

Off-Balance Sheet Items

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in our consolidated statements of financial condition. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and issue letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk exceeding the amounts recognized in our consolidated statements of financial condition. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments. At March 31, 2022, we had $644.4 million of credit extension commitments. For details of our commitments to extend credit, and commercial and standby letters of credit, please refer to “Note 9—Commitments and Contingencies—Off-Balance Sheet Items” of the “Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Capital Resources

Shareholders’ equity ~~increased $419.3~~decreased $62.3 million to ~~$713.6 million~~$1.5 billion at March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, compared to ~~$294.3 million~~$1.6 billion at December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. The ~~increase~~decrease in shareholders’ equity was primarily due to ~~two equity offerings, which resulted~~a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income of $219.0 million due to the ~~issuance of~~decrease in unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities portfolio and derivative assets, partially offset by a ~~total of 5,860,858 shares of Class A~~$132.0 million increase in additional paid-in capital driven by common stock issuance in exchange for ~~aggregate gross proceeds of $441.1 million~~assets acquired and ~~net proceeds of $423.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses, as applicable, in addition to~~ net income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021, which amounted to $12.7 million, partially offset by a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income~~2022 of ~~$15.5 million.~~

The Company and the Bank isare subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital

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adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum ratios of common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total capital as a percentage of assets and off-balance sheet exposures, adjusted for risk weights ranging from 0% to 1,250%. The Bank is also required to maintain capital at a minimum level based on quarterly average assets, which is known as the leverage ratio.

As of March 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company and the Bank ~~was~~were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements to which ~~it was~~they were subject, and the Bank was classified as “well capitalized” for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations. As we deploy our capital and continue to grow our operations, our regulatory capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we intend to monitor and control our growth to remain in compliance with all regulatory capital standards applicable to us.

~~Table~~ ~~of Contents~~

The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for the Company and the Bank as of the dates indicated:


		Actual				Minimum capital adequacy(1)				To be well capitalized					Actual				Minimum capital adequacy(1)				To be well capitalized
		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

		(Dollars in thousands)													(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
March 31, 2022														March 31, 2022
The Company	The Company													The Company
Tier 1 leverage ratio	Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	698,604	9.68	%	$	288,754	4.00	%	N/A		N/A		Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	1,597,946	9.68	%	$	660,633	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	683,104		53.03	%	57,967		4.50	%	N/A		N/A		Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	1,388,825		38.97	%	160,360		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	698,604		54.23	%	77,289		6.00	%	N/A		N/A		Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	1,597,946		44.84	%	213,813		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Total risk-based capital ratio	Total risk-based capital ratio	705,820		54.79	%	103,052		8.00	%	N/A		N/A		Total risk-based capital ratio	1,603,983		45.01	%	285,084		8.00	%	N/A		N/A
The Bank	The Bank													The Bank
Tier 1 leverage ratio	Tier 1 leverage ratio	685,463		9.50	%	288,744		4.00	%	$	360,930	5.00	%	Tier 1 leverage ratio	1,577,199		9.51	%	663,196		4.00	%	$	828,995	5.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	685,463		53.24	%	57,934		4.50	%	83,682		6.50	%	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	1,577,199		44.28	%	160,273		4.50	%	231,505		6.50	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	685,463		53.24	%	77,245		6.00	%	102,994		8.00	%	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	1,577,199		44.28	%	213,697		6.00	%	284,929		8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio	Total risk-based capital ratio	692,679		53.80	%	102,994		8.00	%	128,742		10.00	%	Total risk-based capital ratio	1,583,236		44.45	%	284,929		8.00	%	356,161		10.00	%


		Actual				Minimum capital adequacy(1)				To be well capitalized					Actual				Minimum capital adequacy(1)				To be well capitalized
		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

		(Dollars in thousands)													(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2021														December 31, 2021
The Company	The Company													The Company
Tier 1 leverage ratio	Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	263,763	8.29	%	$	127,338	4.00	%	N/A		N/A		Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	1,631,257	11.07	%	$	589,614	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	248,263		21.53	%	51,882		4.50	%	N/A		N/A		Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	1,422,136		49.53	%	129,198		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	263,763		22.88	%	69,176		6.00	%	N/A		N/A		Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	1,631,257		56.82	%	172,264		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Total risk-based capital ratio	Total risk-based capital ratio	270,803		23.49	%	92,234		8.00	%	N/A		N/A		Total risk-based capital ratio	1,638,794		57.08	%	229,686		8.00	%	N/A		N/A
The Bank	The Bank													The Bank
Tier 1 leverage ratio	Tier 1 leverage ratio	261,791		8.22	%	127,344		4.00	%	$	159,180	5.00	%	Tier 1 leverage ratio	1,546,693		10.49	%	589,595		4.00	%	$	736,994	5.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	261,791		22.71	%	51,869		4.50	%	74,923		6.50	%	Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	1,546,693		53.89	%	129,162		4.50	%	186,567		6.50	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	261,791		22.71	%	69,159		6.00	%	92,212		8.00	%	Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	1,546,693		53.89	%	172,216		6.00	%	229,622		8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio	Total risk-based capital ratio	268,831		23.32	%	92,212		8.00	%	115,265		10.00	%	Total risk-based capital ratio	1,554,230		54.15	%	229,622		8.00	%	287,027		10.00	%

________________________

(1)Minimum capital adequacy for common equity tier 1 capital ratio, tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and total risk-based capital ratio excludes the capital conservation buffer.

~~Off-Balance Sheet Items~~

~~In the normal course~~

Table of business, we enter into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in our consolidated statements of financial condition. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and issue letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk exceeding the amounts recognized in our consolidated statements of financial condition. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments. We are not aware of any accounting loss to be incurred by funding these commitments; however, we maintain an allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk which is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. For details of our commitments to extend credit, and commercial and standby letters of credit, please refer to “Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies—Off-Balance Sheet Items” of the “Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.Contents

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Our Asset Liability Management Policy sets forth guidelines for effective funds management and establishes an approach for measuring and monitoring our net interest rate sensitivity.

~~Table~~ ~~of Contents~~

Interest rate risk is the probability of an increase or decline in the value of an asset or liability due to fluctuations in interest rates. These fluctuations have an impact on both the level of interest income and interest expense as well as the market value of all interest earning assets and liabilities. The objective is to measure the impact that different interest rate scenarios have on net interest income and ensure that the results are within policy limits while maximizing income. The results can be reflected as an increase or decrease of future net interest income or an increase or decrease of current fair market value.

Exposure to interest rates is managed by structuring the balance sheet in a ‘business as usual’ or ‘base case’ scenario. We do not enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, financial options or financial future contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. We hedge interest rate risk by utilizing interest rate floors ~~interest rate caps~~ and interest rate ~~swaps.~~caps. The interest rate floors hedge our cash and securities and the interest rate caps hedge our securities and subordinated ~~debentures and the interest rate swaps hedge our taxable municipal bonds.~~debentures. Based on the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. ~~We do not own any trading assets.~~

Exposure to interest rate risk is managed by the Bank’s Asset Liability ~~Management~~ Committee in accordance with policies approved by the board of directors. The committee formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, the committee considers the impact on earnings and capital under the current interest rate outlook, potential changes in interest rates, regional economies, liquidity, business strategies and other factors. The committee meets regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, purchase and sale activities, commitments to originate loans, and the maturities of investments and borrowings. Additionally, the committee reviews liquidity, cash flow flexibility, maturities of deposits, and consumer and commercial deposit activity. Management employs methodologies to manage interest rate risk that include an analysis of relationships between interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities as well as utilizing an interest rate simulation model where various rate scenarios can be analyzed.

The following table indicates that, for periods less than one year, rate-sensitive assets exceed rate-sensitive liabilities, resulting in an asset-sensitive position. For a bank with an asset-sensitive position, or positive gap, rising interest rates would generally be expected to have a positive effect on net interest income, and falling interest rates would generally be expected to have the opposite effect. ~~Due to our~~While the Company is asset sensitive, ~~position,~~ we have ~~implemented a hedging strategy to~~various instruments that help reduce our interest rate risk exposure in a declining rate ~~environment.~~environment, such as interest rate floors and fixed-rate securities.

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INTEREST SENSITIVITY GAP

Within One
Month After One
Month
Through
Three
Months After Three
Through
Twelve
Months Within One
Year Greater
Than One
Year or
Non
-Sensitive Total
(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
Assets
Interest earning assets
Loans(1)
$ 1,136,583 $ 45,817 $ 185,535 $ 1,367,935 $ 264,598 $ 1,632,533
Securities(2)
935,858 4,517 25,921 966,296 767,963 1,734,259
Interest earning deposits in other banks 4,309,544 1,275 — 4,310,819 4,281 4,315,100
Total earning assets $ 6,381,985 $ 51,609 $ 211,456 $ 6,645,050 $ 1,036,842 $ 7,681,892
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities
Interest bearing deposits $ 112,071 $ — $ — $ 112,071 $ 382 $ 112,453
Certificates of deposit 67 — 153 220 417 637
Total interest bearing deposits 112,138 — 153 112,291 799 113,090
Total interest bearing liabilities $ 112,138 $ — $ 153 $ 112,291 $ 799 $ 113,090
Period gap $ 6,269,847 $ 51,609 $ 211,303 $ 6,532,759 $ 1,036,043 $ 7,568,802
Cumulative gap $ 6,269,847 $ 6,321,456 $ 6,532,759 $ 6,532,759 $ 7,568,802
Ratio of cumulative gap to total earning assets 81.62 % 82.29 % 85.04 % 85.04 % 98.53 %


	Within One Month		After One Month Through Three Months		After Three Through Twelve Months		Within One Year		Greater Than One Year or Non -Sensitive		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2022
Assets
Interest earning assets
Loans(1)	$	1,487,345	$	11,778	$	62,976	$	1,562,099	$	118,497	$	1,680,596
Securities(2)	6,112,349		14,010		200,703		6,327,062		5,949,776		12,276,838
Interest earning deposits in other banks	1,173,924		135		1,130		1,175,189		3,016		1,178,205
Total earning assets	$	8,773,618	$	25,923	$	264,809	$	9,064,350	$	6,071,289	$	15,135,639
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities
Interest bearing deposits	$	71,871	$	—	$	—	$	71,871	$	316	$	72,187
Certificates of deposit	41		—		307		348		92		440
Total interest bearing deposits	71,912		—		307		72,219		408		72,627
FHLB advances	800,000		—		—		800,000		—		800,000
Total interest bearing liabilities	$	871,912	$	—	$	307	$	872,219	$	408	$	872,627
Period gap	$	7,901,706	$	25,923	$	264,502	$	8,192,131	$	6,070,881	$	14,263,012
Cumulative gap	$	7,901,706	$	7,927,629	$	8,192,131	$	8,192,131	$	14,263,012


Ratio of cumulative gap to total earning assets						52.21		%				52.38		%				54.12		%				54.12		%				94.23		%

________________________

(1)Includes loans held-for-sale.

(2)Includes ~~trading and available-for-sale securities,~~ FHLB and FRB stock.

We use quarterly Interest Rate Risk, or IRR, simulations to assess the impact of changing interest rates on our net interest income and net income under a variety of scenarios and time horizons. These simulations utilize both instantaneous and parallel changes in the level of interest rates, as well as non-parallel changes such as changing slopes and twists of the yield curve. Static simulation models are based on current exposures and assume a constant balance sheet with no new growth. Dynamic simulation models are also utilized that rely on detailed assumptions regarding changes in existing lines of business, new business, and changes in management and client behavior.

We also use economic value-based methodologies to measure the degree to which the economic values of the Bank’s positions change under different interest rate scenarios. The economic-value approach focuses on a longer-term time horizon and captures all future cash flows expected from existing assets and liabilities. The economic value model utilizes a static approach in that the analysis does not incorporate new business; rather, the analysis shows a snapshot in time of the risk inherent in the balance sheet.

Many assumptions are used to calculate the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our net interest income, such as asset prepayments, non-maturity deposit price sensitivity and decay rates, and key rate drivers. Because of the inherent use of these estimates and assumptions in the model, our actual results may, and most likely will, differ from our static IRR results. In addition, static IRR results do not include actions that our management may undertake to manage the risks in response to anticipated changes in interest rates or client behavior. For example, as part of our asset/liability management strategy, management can increase asset duration and decrease liability duration to reduce asset sensitivity, or to decrease asset duration and increase liability duration in order to increase asset sensitivity.

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The following table summarizes the results of our IRR analysis in simulating the change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of March 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

IMPACT ON NET INTEREST INCOME UNDER A STATIC BALANCE SHEET, PARALLEL INTEREST RATE SHOCK


Earnings at Risk as of:	Earnings at Risk as of:	-100 bps		Flat		+100 bps		+200 bps		+300 bps		Earnings at Risk as of:	-100 bps		Flat		+100 bps		+200 bps		+300 bps
March 31, 2021		(11.27)	%	0.00	%	63.41	%	126.46	%	191.71	%
March 31, 2022												March 31, 2022	(24.87)	%	0.00	%	31.47	%	62.62	%	91.34	%

Utilizing an economic value of equity, or EVE, approach, we analyze the risk to capital from the effects of various interest rate scenarios through a long-term discounted cash flow model. This measures the difference between the economic value of our assets and the economic value of our liabilities, which is a proxy for our liquidation value. While this provides some value as a risk measurement tool, management believes IRR is more appropriate in accordance with the going concern principle.

The following table illustrates the results of our EVE analysis as of March 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

ECONOMIC VALUE OF EQUITY ANALYSIS UNDER A STATIC BALANCE SHEET, PARALLEL INTEREST RATE SHOCK


As of:	As of:	-100 bps		Flat		+100 bps		+200 bps		+300 bps		As of:	-100 bps		Flat		+100 bps		+200 bps		+300 bps
March 31, 2021		(20.26)	%	0.00	%	17.39	%	39.04	%	61.12	%
March 31, 2022												March 31, 2022	3.50	%	0.00	%	(8.82)	%	(16.11)	%	(24.43)	%

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings. We are from time to time subject to claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims and litigation may include, among other things, allegations of violation of banking and other applicable regulations, competition law, labor laws and consumer protection laws, as well as claims or litigation relating to intellectual property, securities, breach of contract and tort. We intend to defend ourselves vigorously against any pending or future claims and litigation.

In the current opinion of management, the likelihood is remote that the impact of such proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, one or more unfavorable outcomes in any claim or litigation against us could have a material adverse effect for the period in which they are resolved. In addition, regardless of their merits or their ultimate outcomes, such matters are costly, divert management’s attention and may materially adversely affect our reputation, even if resolved in our favor.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, as filed with the SEC on ~~March 8, 2021.~~February 28, 2022.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

~~None.~~On January 31, 2022, the Company issued 1,221,217 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (the “Shares”) in reliance upon the exemption from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. The Shares were issued as part of the consideration in the Company’s acquisition of certain intellectual property and other technology assets from the Libra Association. For additional information, see the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 4, 2022.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits


Number						Description

2.1						Asset Purchase Agreement, dated January 31, 2022, by and among Silvergate Capital Corporation, Libra Association, Diem Networks US HoldCo, Inc., Diem Networks US, Inc., Diem Networks II LLC, Diem Networks LLC, and Diem LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 .1 to Silvergate Capital Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2022 )
3.1						Articles of Incorporation, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2019 (File No. 333-228446)).
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2019 (File No. 333-228446)).
~~10.1~~3.3						~~Executive Employment Agreement, effective August 7, 2020, by and among Silvergate Bank, Silvergate Capital Corporation and Alan J. Lane~~Articles Supplementary of 5.375% Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~10.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly~~3.1 to Silvergate Capital Corporation’s Current Report on Form ~~10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020).~~8-K filed on August 4, 2021)

~~10.2~~10.1						~~Executive Employment~~Registration Rights Agreement, ~~effective August 7, 2020,~~dated January 31, 2022, by and among Silvergate ~~Bank, Silvergate~~ Capital Corporation and ~~Benjamin C. Reynolds (incorporated~~the Holders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~10.3 of the Registrant’s Quarterly~~10 .1 to Silvergate Capital Corporation’s Current Report on Form ~~10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020).~~
~~10.3~~						~~Executive Employment Agreement, effective August 7, 2020, by and among Silvergate Bank, Silvergate Capital Corporation and Kathleen E. Fraher~~8-K filed on February 4, 2022)
31.1						Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer.
31.2						Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer.
32.1						Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS						XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document
101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

SILVERGATE CAPITAL CORPORATION

Date:

May ~~11, 2021~~9, 2022

By:

/s/ Alan J. Lane

Alan J. Lane

President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date:

May ~~11, 2021~~9, 2022

By:

/s/ Antonio Martino

Antonio Martino

Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

5960


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	One-to -Four Family		Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Commercial and Industrial		Reverse Mortgage and Other		Mortgage Warehouse		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	2,051	$	653	$	2,791	$	96	$	312	$	38	$	250	$	6,191
Charge-offs	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Recoveries	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Provision for loan losses	(80)		36		166		162		114		1		(32)		367
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	1,971	$	689	$	2,957	$	258	$	426	$	39	$	218	$	6,558







December 31, 2020
Assets
Impaired loans:







Reverse mortgage	$	0	$	0	$	317	$	317


	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range		Weighted Average(1)

	(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	69	Market comparable properties	Marketability discount	10.0	%	10.0	%
				Selling cost	8.0	%	8.0	%



December 31, 2020
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	317	Market comparable properties	Marketability discount	10.0	%	10.0	%
				Selling cost	8.0	%	8.0	%


	March 31, 2021
	Loan Balance At Period End		Weighted Average Loan-to-Value		Percentage of Gross Loans Held-for-Investment

Loan Segment:	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
One-to-four family	$	171,045	54	%	23.3	%
Multi-family	74,003		51	%	10.1	%
Commercial industry sectors:
Retail	75,585		54	%	10.3	%
Hospitality	46,640		44	%	6.4	%
Office	47,823		64	%	6.5	%
Industrial	63,813		60	%	8.7	%
Other	53,550		43	%	7.3	%
Total commercial	287,411		53	%	39.2	%
Construction	5,172		56	%	0.7	%
Other	195,958		N/A		26.7	%
Total gross loans held-for-investment	$	733,589	N/A		100.0	%


	Three Months or Less		Over Three Through Six Months		Over Six Through Twelve Months		Over Twelve Months		Total

	(Dollars in thousands)
$100,000 or more	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	306	$	306
Less than $100,000	67		53		100		111		331
Total	$	67	$	53	$	100	$	417	$	637