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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended JulyOctober 31, 2020
OR
☐Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For transition period from                     to                     
Commission File Number: 001-35680
WORKDAY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
Delaware20-2480422
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		 (I.R.S Employer
Identification No.)
6110 Stoneridge Mall Road
Pleasanton, California 94588
(Address of principal executive offices)
(925) 951-9000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001WDAYThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(Nasdaq Global Select Market)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes  ☒No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  ☒  No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No  ☒
As of August 26,November 18, 2020, there were approximately 177180 million shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock, net of treasury stock, and 60 million shares of the registrant's Class B common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents
Workday, Inc.
  Page No.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
3
4
5
6
7
9
Item 2.
28
Item 3.
41
Item 4.
42
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
43
Item 1A.
44
Item 2.
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Item 6.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Workday, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
July 31, 2020January 31, 2020October 31, 2020January 31, 2020
AssetsAssetsAssets
Current assets:Current assets:Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$1,239,696 $731,141 Cash and cash equivalents$1,067,038 $731,141 
Marketable securitiesMarketable securities1,513,842 1,213,432 Marketable securities1,880,772 1,213,432 
Trade and other receivables, netTrade and other receivables, net694,289 877,578 Trade and other receivables, net742,744 877,578 
Deferred costsDeferred costs105,350 100,459 Deferred costs110,024 100,459 
Prepaid expenses and other current assetsPrepaid expenses and other current assets161,004 172,012 Prepaid expenses and other current assets157,664 172,012 
Total current assetsTotal current assets3,714,181 3,094,622 Total current assets3,958,242 3,094,622 
Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment, net957,434 936,179 Property and equipment, net976,610 936,179 
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets324,655 290,902 Operating lease right-of-use assets415,547 290,902 
Deferred costs, noncurrentDeferred costs, noncurrent223,996 222,395 Deferred costs, noncurrent232,413 222,395 
Acquisition-related intangible assets, netAcquisition-related intangible assets, net276,847 308,401 Acquisition-related intangible assets, net262,603 308,401 
GoodwillGoodwill1,819,261 1,819,261 Goodwill1,819,625 1,819,261 
Other assetsOther assets185,077 144,605 Other assets179,987 144,605 
Total assetsTotal assets$7,501,451 $6,816,365 Total assets$7,845,027 $6,816,365 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equityLiabilities and stockholders’ equityLiabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Accounts payableAccounts payable$57,764 $57,556 Accounts payable$54,949 $57,556 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities125,784 130,050 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities129,794 130,050 
Accrued compensationAccrued compensation252,814 248,154 Accrued compensation264,443 248,154 
Unearned revenueUnearned revenue2,003,455 2,223,178 Unearned revenue2,000,417 2,223,178 
Operating lease liabilitiesOperating lease liabilities75,798 66,147 Operating lease liabilities84,552 66,147 
Debt, currentDebt, current37,500 244,319 Debt, current1,091,050 244,319 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities2,553,115 2,969,404 Total current liabilities3,625,205 2,969,404 
Debt, noncurrentDebt, noncurrent1,752,004 1,017,967 Debt, noncurrent701,178 1,017,967 
Unearned revenue, noncurrentUnearned revenue, noncurrent64,465 86,025 Unearned revenue, noncurrent68,874 86,025 
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrentOperating lease liabilities, noncurrent271,607 241,425 Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent352,900 241,425 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities21,782 14,993 Other liabilities18,816 14,993 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities4,662,973 4,329,814 Total liabilities4,766,973 4,329,814 
Stockholders’ equity:Stockholders’ equity:Stockholders’ equity:
Common stockCommon stock238 231 Common stock240 231 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital5,954,738 5,090,187 Additional paid-in capital6,184,070 5,090,187 
Treasury stockTreasury stock(303,201)— Treasury stock(269,083)0 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)646 23,492 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)1,110 23,492 
Accumulated deficitAccumulated deficit(2,813,943)(2,627,359)Accumulated deficit(2,838,283)(2,627,359)
Total stockholders’ equityTotal stockholders’ equity2,838,478 2,486,551 Total stockholders’ equity3,078,054 2,486,551 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equityTotal liabilities and stockholders’ equity$7,501,451 $6,816,365 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$7,845,027 $6,816,365 
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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Workday, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
20202019202020192020201920202019
Revenues:Revenues:Revenues:
Subscription servicesSubscription services$931,698 $757,155 $1,813,654 $1,458,179 Subscription services$968,547 $798,516 $2,782,201 $2,256,695 
Professional servicesProfessional services130,269 130,597 266,698 254,628 Professional services137,413 139,584 404,111 394,212 
Total revenuesTotal revenues1,061,967 887,752 2,080,352 1,712,807 Total revenues1,105,960 938,100 3,186,312 2,650,907 
Costs and expenses (1):
Costs and expenses (1):
Costs and expenses (1):
Costs of subscription servicesCosts of subscription services145,007 121,161 290,270 233,630 Costs of subscription services152,396 122,305 442,666 355,935 
Costs of professional servicesCosts of professional services139,270 145,173 299,637 275,923 Costs of professional services142,785 148,625 442,422 424,548 
Product developmentProduct development418,681 378,122 862,165 725,953 Product development419,962 401,742 1,282,127 1,127,695 
Sales and marketingSales and marketing276,497 280,200 595,054 553,136 Sales and marketing302,870 286,794 897,924 839,930 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative99,266 85,593 194,437 170,048 General and administrative102,024 88,884 296,461 258,932 
Total costs and expensesTotal costs and expenses1,078,721 1,010,249 2,241,563 1,958,690 Total costs and expenses1,120,037 1,048,350 3,361,600 3,007,040 
Operating income (loss)Operating income (loss)(16,754)(122,497)(161,211)(245,883)Operating income (loss)(14,077)(110,250)(175,288)(356,133)
Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net(11,453)(106)(22,426)7,035 Other income (expense), net(8,846)(4,136)(31,272)2,899 
Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxesLoss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes(28,207)(122,603)(183,637)(238,848)Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes(22,923)(114,386)(206,560)(353,234)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxesProvision for (benefit from) income taxes(191)(1,891)2,747 (1,861)Provision for (benefit from) income taxes1,417 1,343 4,164 (518)
Net lossNet loss$(28,016)$(120,712)$(186,384)$(236,987)Net loss$(24,340)$(115,729)$(210,724)$(352,716)
Net loss per share, basic and dilutedNet loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.12)$(0.53)$(0.79)$(1.05)Net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.10)$(0.51)$(0.89)$(1.56)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and dilutedWeighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted236,002 226,392 234,483 224,857 Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted238,059 228,461 235,685 226,071 
(1) Costs and expenses include share-based compensation expenses as follows:(1) Costs and expenses include share-based compensation expenses as follows:(1) Costs and expenses include share-based compensation expenses as follows:
Costs of subscription servicesCosts of subscription services$14,825 $12,001 $28,717 $22,416 Costs of subscription services$16,767 $13,634 $45,484 $36,050 
Costs of professional servicesCosts of professional services24,552 18,991 47,118 35,141 Costs of professional services27,349 22,249 74,467 57,390 
Product developmentProduct development128,505 105,758 250,527 196,995 Product development128,423 118,215 378,950 315,210 
Sales and marketingSales and marketing49,854 42,690 96,804 81,544 Sales and marketing54,077 47,142 150,881 128,686 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative33,500 29,781 64,742 58,360 General and administrative33,216 29,762 97,958 88,122 
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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Workday, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
20202019202020192020201920202019
Net lossNet loss$(28,016)$(120,712)$(186,384)$(236,987)Net loss$(24,340)$(115,729)$(210,724)$(352,716)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustmentNet change in foreign currency translation adjustment1,684 53 437 (593)Net change in foreign currency translation adjustment(2)173 435 (420)
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax provision of $0, $212, $0, and $431, respectively(728)889 2,246 1,592 
Net change in market value of effective foreign currency forward exchange contracts, net of tax provision of $0, $2,629, $0, and $4,610, respectively(57,836)18,403 (25,529)32,268 
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax provision of $0, $444, $0, and $875, respectivelyNet change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax provision of $0, $444, $0, and $875, respectively(2,578)1,194 (332)2,786 
Net change in market value of effective foreign currency forward exchange contracts, net of tax provision of $0, $(1,315), $0, and $3,295, respectivelyNet change in market value of effective foreign currency forward exchange contracts, net of tax provision of $0, $(1,315), $0, and $3,295, respectively3,044 (9,206)(22,485)23,062 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxOther comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(56,880)19,345 (22,846)33,267 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax464 (7,839)(22,382)25,428 
Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss$(84,896)$(101,367)$(209,230)$(203,720)Comprehensive loss$(23,876)$(123,568)$(233,106)$(327,288)
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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Workday, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
20202019202020192020201920202019
Common stock:Common stock:Common stock:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$235 $225 $231 $221 Balance, beginning of period$238 $227 $231 $221 
Issuance of common stock under employee equity plansIssuance of common stock under employee equity plans1 2 5 6 Issuance of common stock under employee equity plans2 2 7 8 
Settlement of convertible senior notesSettlement of convertible senior notes2 — 2 — Settlement of convertible senior notes— — 2 — 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period238 227 238 227 Balance, end of period240 229 240 229 
Additional paid-in capital:Additional paid-in capital:Additional paid-in capital:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period5,330,170 4,294,370 5,090,187 4,105,334 Balance, beginning of period5,954,738 4,561,272 5,090,187 4,105,334 
Issuance of common stock under employee equity plansIssuance of common stock under employee equity plans70,939 58,083 74,512 61,534 Issuance of common stock under employee equity plans3,648 1,778 78,160 63,312 
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation250,431 208,819 486,841 394,023 Share-based compensation259,802 230,682 746,643 624,705 
Settlement of warrantsSettlement of warrants(34,118)— (34,118)— 
Exercise of convertible senior notes hedgesExercise of convertible senior notes hedges303,202 — 303,202 — Exercise of convertible senior notes hedges— — 303,202 — 
Settlement of convertible senior notesSettlement of convertible senior notes(4)— (4)— Settlement of convertible senior notes— — (4)— 
Cumulative-effect of accounting changesCumulative-effect of accounting changes— — — 381 Cumulative-effect of accounting changes— — — 381 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period5,954,738 4,561,272 5,954,738 4,561,272 Balance, end of period6,184,070 4,793,732 6,184,070 4,793,732 
Treasury stock:Treasury stock:Treasury stock:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period— — — — Balance, beginning of period(303,201)0 0 0 
Exercise of convertible senior notes hedgesExercise of convertible senior notes hedges(303,201)— (303,201)— Exercise of convertible senior notes hedges— — (303,201)— 
Settlement of warrantsSettlement of warrants34,118 — 34,118 — 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period(303,201)— (303,201)— Balance, end of period(269,083)0 (269,083)0 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period57,526 13,113 23,492 (809)Balance, beginning of period646 32,458 23,492 (809)
Other comprehensive (loss) incomeOther comprehensive (loss) income(56,880)19,345 (22,846)33,267 Other comprehensive (loss) income464 (7,839)(22,382)25,428 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period646 32,458 646 32,458 Balance, end of period1,110 24,619 1,110 24,619 
Accumulated deficit:Accumulated deficit:Accumulated deficit:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period(2,785,927)(2,262,960)(2,627,359)(2,146,304)Balance, beginning of period(2,813,943)(2,383,672)(2,627,359)(2,146,304)
Net lossNet loss(28,016)(120,712)(186,384)(236,987)Net loss(24,340)(115,729)(210,724)(352,716)
Cumulative-effect of accounting changesCumulative-effect of accounting changes— — (200)(381)Cumulative-effect of accounting changes— — (200)(381)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period(2,813,943)(2,383,672)(2,813,943)(2,383,672)Balance, end of period(2,838,283)(2,499,401)(2,838,283)(2,499,401)
Total stockholders’ equityTotal stockholders’ equity$2,838,478 $2,210,285 $2,838,478 $2,210,285 Total stockholders’ equity$3,078,054 $2,319,179 $3,078,054 $2,319,179 

Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
20202019202020192020201920202019
Common stock (in shares):Common stock (in shares):Common stock (in shares):
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period235,170,073 225,436,994 231,708,391 222,052,063 Balance, beginning of period237,160,715 227,607,594 231,708,391 222,052,063 
Issuance of common stock under employee equity plansIssuance of common stock under employee equity plans1,991,097 2,170,403 5,452,773 5,555,334 Issuance of common stock under employee equity plans1,935,725 1,931,916 7,388,498 7,487,250 
Settlement of warrantsSettlement of warrants(186,202)— (186,202)— 
Settlement of convertible senior notesSettlement of convertible senior notes1,654,302 197 1,654,308 197 Settlement of convertible senior notes— 20 1,654,308 217 
Purchase of treasury stock from the exercise of convertible senior notes hedgesPurchase of treasury stock from the exercise of convertible senior notes hedges(1,654,757)— (1,654,757)— Purchase of treasury stock from the exercise of convertible senior notes hedges— — (1,654,757)— 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period237,160,715 227,607,594 237,160,715 227,607,594 Balance, end of period238,910,238 229,539,530 238,910,238 229,539,530 
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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Workday, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
20202019202020192020201920202019
Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:
Net lossNet loss$(28,016)$(120,712)$(186,384)$(236,987)Net loss$(24,340)$(115,729)$(210,724)$(352,716)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization73,178 67,754 144,692 128,919 Depreciation and amortization73,864 72,233 218,556 201,152 
Share-based compensation expensesShare-based compensation expenses251,236 208,912 487,908 394,147 Share-based compensation expenses259,832 231,002 747,740 625,149 
Amortization of deferred costsAmortization of deferred costs27,349 22,002 53,409 42,882 Amortization of deferred costs28,732 23,015 82,141 65,897 
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costsAmortization of debt discount and issuance costs14,528 14,301 29,368 25,888 Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs12,098 13,512 41,466 39,400 
Non-cash lease expenseNon-cash lease expense19,879 16,252 38,248 32,074 Non-cash lease expense22,141 17,081 60,389 49,155 
OtherOther12,430 (4,851)16,800 (11,697)Other(8,760)2,744 8,040 (8,953)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business combinations:Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business combinations:Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business combinations:
Trade and other receivables, netTrade and other receivables, net(109,316)(73,437)181,586 83,942 Trade and other receivables, net(53,923)2,197 127,663 86,139 
Deferred costsDeferred costs(41,841)(28,207)(59,901)(46,692)Deferred costs(41,823)(34,415)(101,724)(81,107)
Prepaid expenses and other assetsPrepaid expenses and other assets(9,137)(1,679)10,840 (6,786)Prepaid expenses and other assets25,898 7,463 36,738 677 
Accounts payableAccounts payable9,307 1,047 (13,075)2,550 Accounts payable3,762 1,938 (9,313)4,488 
Accrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other liabilities(39,837)(56,524)(41,341)(35,121)Accrued expenses and other liabilities(5,037)41,716 (46,378)6,595 
Unearned revenueUnearned revenue(22,550)55,461 (241,257)(63,637)Unearned revenue1,358 (4,755)(239,899)(68,392)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) operating activities157,210 100,319 420,893 309,482 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities293,802 258,002 714,695 567,484 
Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable securitiesPurchases of marketable securities(602,546)(582,848)(1,156,531)(1,053,902)Purchases of marketable securities(806,713)(375,144)(1,963,244)(1,429,046)
Maturities of marketable securitiesMaturities of marketable securities473,016 385,710 854,414 845,807 Maturities of marketable securities427,910 494,023 1,282,324 1,339,830 
Sales of marketable securitiesSales of marketable securities— 4,551 5,279 55,499 Sales of marketable securities0 0 5,279 55,499 
Owned real estate projectsOwned real estate projects(1,764)(34,149)(4,251)(73,783)Owned real estate projects(1,072)(21,832)(5,323)(95,615)
Capital expenditures, excluding owned real estate projectsCapital expenditures, excluding owned real estate projects(66,555)(75,576)(126,495)(141,111)Capital expenditures, excluding owned real estate projects(78,197)(55,163)(204,692)(196,274)
Business combinations, net of cash acquiredBusiness combinations, net of cash acquired— (12,885)— (12,885)Business combinations, net of cash acquired0 0 0 (12,885)
Purchases of non-marketable equity and other investmentsPurchases of non-marketable equity and other investments(6,350)(5,516)(58,600)(7,716)Purchases of non-marketable equity and other investments(4,618)(9,577)(63,218)(17,293)
Sales and maturities of non-marketable equity and other investmentsSales and maturities of non-marketable equity and other investments1,561 — 6,199 — Sales and maturities of non-marketable equity and other investments24 252 6,223 252 
OtherOther— (32)— (9)Other0 0 0 (9)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) investing activities(202,638)(320,745)(479,985)(388,100)Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(462,666)32,559 (942,651)(355,541)
Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings on term loan, netProceeds from borrowings on term loan, net250,000 — 747,795 — Proceeds from borrowings on term loan, net0 0 747,795 0 
Payments on convertible senior notesPayments on convertible senior notes(249,945)(27)(249,946)(27)Payments on convertible senior notes0 (3)(249,946)(30)
Payments on term loanPayments on term loan(9,375)0 (9,375)0 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock from employee equity plansProceeds from issuance of common stock from employee equity plans70,940 58,085 74,517 61,540 Proceeds from issuance of common stock from employee equity plans3,650 1,780 78,167 63,320 
OtherOther(215)(107)(2,255)(200)Other(181)(175)(2,436)(375)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities70,780 57,951 570,111 61,313 Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(5,906)1,602 564,205 62,915 
Effect of exchange rate changesEffect of exchange rate changes771 75 506 (252)Effect of exchange rate changes40 48 546 (204)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cashNet increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash26,123 (162,400)511,525 (17,557)Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(174,730)292,211 336,795 274,654 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the beginning of periodCash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the beginning of period1,220,123 787,046 734,721 642,203 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the beginning of period1,246,246 624,646 734,721 642,203 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the end of periodCash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the end of period$1,246,246 $624,646 $1,246,246 $624,646 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the end of period$1,071,516 $916,857 $1,071,516 $916,857 
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
20202019202020192020201920202019
Supplemental cash flow data:Supplemental cash flow data:Supplemental cash flow data:
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalizedCash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized$4,939 $469 $6,377 $472 Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized$5,309 $959 $11,686 $1,431 
Cash paid for income taxesCash paid for income taxes4,641 2,469 7,586 6,003 Cash paid for income taxes2,598 1,415 7,239 7,418 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:Non-cash investing and financing activities:Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment, accrued but not paidPurchases of property and equipment, accrued but not paid49,987 46,910 49,987 46,910 Purchases of property and equipment, accrued but not paid49,098 33,155 49,098 33,155 

As of July 31,As of October 31,
2020201920202019
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as shown in the statements of cash flows:Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as shown in the statements of cash flows:Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as shown in the statements of cash flows:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$1,239,696 $619,514 Cash and cash equivalents$1,067,038 $912,748 
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assetsRestricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets6,421 5,002 Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets4,351 3,984 
Restricted cash included in Other assetsRestricted cash included in Other assets129 130 Restricted cash included in Other assets127 125 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cashTotal cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$1,246,246 $624,646 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$1,071,516 $916,857 
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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Workday, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Overview and Basis of Presentation
Company and Background
Workday delivers financial management, human resources, planning, spend management, and analytics applications designed for the world’s largest companies, educational institutions, and government agencies. We offer innovative and adaptable technology focused on the consumer internet experience and cloud delivery model. Our applications are designed for global enterprises to manage complex and dynamic operating environments. We provide our customers highly adaptable, accessible, and reliable applications to manage critical business functions that help enable them to optimize their financial and human resources. We were originally incorporated in March 2005 in Nevada, and in June 2012, we reincorporated in Delaware. As used in this report, the terms “Workday,” “registrant,” “we,” “us,” and “our” mean Workday, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of Workday, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of our management, the information contained herein reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of Workday’s financial position, results of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The results of operations for the quarter ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, shown in this report are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending January 31, 2021. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 3, 2020.
There have been no material changes in our significant accounting policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020, other than the adoption of accounting pronouncements as described in Note 2, Accounting Standards. Certain prior period amounts reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
Use of Estimates    
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates, judgments, and assumptions include, but are not limited to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed through business combinations, the determination of the period of benefit for deferred commissions, certain assumptions used in the valuation of equity awards, and assumptions used in the valuation of non-marketable equity investments. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Segment Information
We operate in 1 operating segment, cloud applications. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise where separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker,makers, who isare our chiefco-chief executive officer,officers, in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. Our chief operating decision maker allocatesmakers allocate resources and assessesassess performance based upon discrete financial information at the consolidated level.
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Note 2. Accounting Standards
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
ASU No. 2016-13
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, including trade receivables. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. We adopted this standard effective February 1, 2020, using a modified retrospective approach, which resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment of $0.2 million to Accumulated deficit.
Under the new standard, we assess our allowance for credit losses on trade receivables by taking into consideration forecasts of future economic conditions, information about past events, such as our historical trend of write-offs, and customer-specific circumstances, such as bankruptcies and disputes. The allowance for credit losses on trade receivables is recorded in operating expenses on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
With respect to available-for-sale debt securities, when the fair value of the security is below its amortized cost, the amortized cost should be written down to its fair value if i) it is more likely than not that management is required to sell the impaired security before recovery of its amortized basis or ii) management has the intention to sell the security. If neither of the conditions are met, we must determine whether the impairment is due to credit losses. To determine the amount of credit losses, we compare the present value of the expected cash flows of the security, derived by taking into account the issuers’ credit ratings and remaining payment terms, with its amortized cost basis. The amount of impairment recognized is limited to the excess of the amortized cost over the fair value of the security. An allowance for credit losses for the excess of amortized cost over the expected cash flows is recorded in Other income (expense), net on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Non-credit related impairment losses are recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”).
ASU No. 2018-15
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The new standard requires capitalized costs to be amortized on a straight-line basis generally over the term of the arrangement, and the financial statement presentation for these capitalized costs would be the same as that of the fees related to the hosting arrangements.
We adopted this standard effective February 1, 2020, using a prospective approach. The adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Subsequent impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements will depend on the magnitude of implementation costs to be incurred. Implementation costs capitalized subsequent to adoption will be recognized in operating expenses on our condensed consolidated statements of operations over the noncancelable period of the hosting arrangement plus any renewal periods reasonably certain to be taken.
ASU No. 2019-12
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies accounting guidance for certain tax matters including franchise taxes, certain transactions that result in a step-up in tax basis of goodwill, and enacted changes in tax laws in interim periods. In addition, it eliminates a company’s need to evaluate certain exceptions relating to the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation, accounting for basis differences when there are ownership changes in foreign investments, and interim period income tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses.
We adopted this standard effective February 1, 2020. We adopted the amendments in this update on a retrospective basis for the provision related to franchise taxes and prospectively for all other applicable amendments. The adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
ASU No. 2020-04
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP guidance on contract modifications to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to alternative reference rates. We may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements from the adoption of this standard is expected to be immaterial.
ASU No. 2020-06
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity, which simplifies the accounting for certain convertible instruments, amends the guidance on derivative scope exceptions for contracts in an entity's own equity, and modifies the guidance on diluted earnings per share calculations as a result of these changes. This new standard is effective for our interim and annual periods beginning February 1, 2022, and earlier adoption is permitted. We may elect to apply the amendments on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 3. Investments
Debt Securities
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, debt securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
Amortized CostUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesAggregate Fair ValueAmortized CostUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesAggregate Fair Value
U.S. treasury securitiesU.S. treasury securities$388,208 $881 $(1)$389,088 U.S. treasury securities$930,774 $274 $(26)$931,022 
U.S. agency obligationsU.S. agency obligations517,996 231 (116)518,111 U.S. agency obligations542,942 144 (136)542,950 
Corporate bondsCorporate bonds430,071 4,269 — 434,340 Corporate bonds355,847 2,442 (12)358,277 
Commercial paperCommercial paper267,241 — — 267,241 Commercial paper367,413 0 0 367,413 
$1,603,516 $5,381 $(117)$1,608,780 $2,196,976 $2,860 $(174)$2,199,662 
Included in Cash and cash equivalentsIncluded in Cash and cash equivalents$94,938 $— $— $94,938 Included in Cash and cash equivalents$329,586 $1 $(1)$329,586 
Included in Marketable securitiesIncluded in Marketable securities$1,508,578 $5,381 $(117)$1,513,842 Included in Marketable securities$1,867,390 $2,859 $(173)$1,870,076 
As of January 31, 2020, debt securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
Amortized CostUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesAggregate Fair ValueAmortized CostUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesAggregate Fair Value
U.S. treasury securitiesU.S. treasury securities$312,183 $492 $(5)$312,670 U.S. treasury securities$312,183 $492 $(5)$312,670 
U.S. agency obligationsU.S. agency obligations169,613 99 (44)169,668 U.S. agency obligations169,613 99 (44)169,668 
Corporate bondsCorporate bonds504,434 2,476 — 506,910 Corporate bonds504,434 2,476 0 506,910 
Commercial paperCommercial paper364,701 — — 364,701 Commercial paper364,701 0 0 364,701 
$1,350,931 $3,067 $(49)$1,353,949 $1,350,931 $3,067 $(49)$1,353,949 
Included in Cash and cash equivalentsIncluded in Cash and cash equivalents$140,517 $— $— $140,517 Included in Cash and cash equivalents$140,517 $0 $0 $140,517 
Included in Marketable securitiesIncluded in Marketable securities$1,210,414 $3,067 $(49)$1,213,432 Included in Marketable securities$1,210,414 $3,067 $(49)$1,213,432 
We classify our debt securities as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluate such classification as of each balance sheet date. We consider all debt securities as available for use in current operations, including those with maturity dates beyond one year, and therefore classify these securities as current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Debt securities included in Marketable securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets consist of securities with original maturities at the time of purchase greater than three months, and the remainder of the securities is included in Cash and cash equivalents.
The unrealized losses associated with our debt securities were immaterial as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and January 31, 2020, and we did not recognize any credit losses related to our debt securities during the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020.
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During the three months ended July 31, 2020, we did 0t sell any debt securities. We sold $5 millionThere were 0 sales of our debt securities during the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2019,2020, and 2019. We sold $5 million of our debt securities during each of the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019. The realized gains and losses from the sales were immaterial.
Equity Investments
Equity investments consisted of the following (in thousands):
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets LocationJuly 31, 2020January 31, 2020Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets LocationOctober 31, 2020January 31, 2020
Money market funds(1)Money market funds(1)Cash and cash equivalents$952,987 $386,909 Money market funds(1)Cash and cash equivalents$517,031 $386,909 
Marketable equity investments (1)
Marketable equity investments (1)
Marketable securities10,696 0 
Equity investments accounted for under the equity methodEquity investments accounted for under the equity methodOther assets48,228 — Equity investments accounted for under the equity methodOther assets48,181 0 
Non-marketable equity investments measured using the measurement alternative(2)Non-marketable equity investments measured using the measurement alternative(2)Other assets65,610 59,026 Non-marketable equity investments measured using the measurement alternative(2)Other assets62,741 59,026 
$1,066,825 $445,935 $638,649 $445,935 
(1)Investments with readily determinable fair values.
(2)Investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values.
Total realized and unrealized gains and losses associated with our equity investments consisted of the following (in thousands):
Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
2020201920202019
Net realized gains (losses) recognized on equity investments sold$0 $102 $1,591 $6,946 
Net unrealized gains (losses) recognized on equity investments held3,830 0 1,643 2,169 
Total net gains (losses) recognized in Other income (expense), net$3,830 $102 $3,234 $9,115 
We determine at the inception of each arrangement whether an investment or other interest is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”). If the investment or other interest is determined to be a VIE, we must evaluate whether we are considered the primary beneficiary. For investments in VIEs in which we are considered the primary beneficiary, the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the VIE are consolidated in our condensed consolidated financial statements. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the party that meets both of the following criteria: (1) has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and (2) has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, there were no VIEs for which we were the primary beneficiary.
Equity Investments Accounted for Under the Equity Method
Investments in VIEs for which we are not the primary beneficiary or do not own a controlling interest but can exercise significant influence over the investee are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. These investments are measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus our share of earnings and losses and are included in Other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our share of earnings and losses are recorded in Other income (expense), net, on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, we made an equity investment of $50 million in a limited partnership, which represents an ownership interest of approximately 6%. We determined that the limited partnership is a variable interest entityVIE because the at-risk equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. We do not have majority voting rights nor the power to direct the activities of this entity, and therefore, we are not the primary beneficiary. The investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting as it is considered to be more than minor and we have the ability to exercise significant influence over the entity. The carrying value was $48 million as of JulyOctober 31, 2020. There was 0 impairment loss recorded on this investment during the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020.



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Non-Marketable Equity Investments Measured Using the Measurement Alternative
Non-marketable equity investments measured using the measurement alternative include investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values in which we do not own a controlling interest or have significant influence. We adjust the carrying values of non-marketable equity investments based on observable price changes from orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. NaN material adjustments were made to the carrying value of the non-marketable equity investments as measured under the measurement alternative during the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019.
Additionally, we assess our non-marketable equity investments quarterly for impairment. Our impairment analysis encompasses an assessment of the severity and duration of the impairment and a qualitative and quantitative analysis of other key factors including the investee’s financial metrics, market acceptance of the investee’s product or technology, other competitive products or technology in the market, general market conditions, and the rate at which the investee is using its cash. We also have considered the impacts of the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19 pandemic”) in our impairment analysis. These factors require significant judgment. We did 0t record any impairment losses on non-marketable equity investments for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and we recorded $3 million of impairment losses for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020. We did 0t record any such impairment losses during the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2019.
Non-marketable equity investments that have been remeasured during the period due to an observable event or impairment are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because we estimate the value based on valuation methods which may include a combination of the observable transaction price at the transaction date and other unobservable inputs including volatility, rights, and obligations of the investments we hold.
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Marketable Equity Investments
Marketable equity investments were $11 million as of October 31, 2020. We did 0t holdnot have any marketable equity investments as of July 31, 2020, and January 31, 2020. There were 0 sales of marketable equity investments during the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, or the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2019. We sold $51 million of marketable equity investments during the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2019, with a corresponding gain recognized of $7 million.
Total realized and unrealized gains and losses associated with our equity investments consisted of the following (in thousands):
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,
2020201920202019
Net realized gains (losses) recognized on equity investments sold$— $— $1,591 $6,844 
Net unrealized gains (losses) recognized on equity investments held1,909 2,169 (2,187)2,169 
Total net gains (losses) recognized in Other income (expense), net$1,909 $2,169 $(596)$9,013 
Note 4. Fair Value Measurements
We measure our cash equivalents, marketable securities, and foreign currency derivative contracts at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy that requires that we maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 — Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents information about our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their assigned levels within the valuation hierarchy as of JulyOctober 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
U.S. treasury securitiesU.S. treasury securities$389,088 $— $— $389,088 U.S. treasury securities$931,022 $0 $0 $931,022 
U.S. agency obligationsU.S. agency obligations— 518,111 — 518,111 U.S. agency obligations0 542,950 0 542,950 
Corporate bondsCorporate bonds— 434,340 — 434,340 Corporate bonds0 358,277 0 358,277 
Commercial paperCommercial paper— 267,241 — 267,241 Commercial paper0 367,413 0 367,413 
Money market fundsMoney market funds952,987 — — 952,987 Money market funds517,031 0 0 517,031 
Marketable equity investmentsMarketable equity investments10,696 0 0 10,696 
Foreign currency derivative assetsForeign currency derivative assets— 16,806 — 16,806 Foreign currency derivative assets0 20,478 0 20,478 
Total assetsTotal assets$1,342,075 $1,236,498 $— $2,578,573 Total assets$1,458,749 $1,289,118 $0 $2,747,867 
Foreign currency derivative liabilitiesForeign currency derivative liabilities$— $20,986 $— $20,986 Foreign currency derivative liabilities$0 $13,787 $0 $13,787 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$— $20,986 $— $20,986 Total liabilities$0 $13,787 $0 $13,787 
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The following table presents information about our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their assigned levels within the valuation hierarchy as of January 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
U.S. treasury securitiesU.S. treasury securities$312,670 $— $— $312,670 U.S. treasury securities$312,670 $0 $0 $312,670 
U.S. agency obligationsU.S. agency obligations— 169,668 — 169,668 U.S. agency obligations0 169,668 0 169,668 
Corporate bondsCorporate bonds— 506,910 — 506,910 Corporate bonds0 506,910 0 506,910 
Commercial paperCommercial paper— 364,701 — 364,701 Commercial paper0 364,701 0 364,701 
Money market fundsMoney market funds386,909 — — 386,909 Money market funds386,909 0 0 386,909 
Foreign currency derivative assetsForeign currency derivative assets— 33,274 — 33,274 Foreign currency derivative assets0 33,274 0 33,274 
Total assetsTotal assets$699,579 $1,074,553 $— $1,774,132 Total assets$699,579 $1,074,553 $0 $1,774,132 
Foreign currency derivative liabilitiesForeign currency derivative liabilities$— $3,996 $— $3,996 Foreign currency derivative liabilities$0 $3,996 $0 $3,996 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$— $3,996 $— $3,996 Total liabilities$0 $3,996 $0 $3,996 
Fair Value Measurements of Other Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):
July 31, 2020January 31, 2020 October 31, 2020January 31, 2020
Net Carrying AmountEstimated Fair ValueNet Carrying AmountEstimated Fair Value Net Carrying AmountEstimated Fair ValueNet Carrying AmountEstimated Fair Value
1.50% Convertible senior notes1.50% Convertible senior notes$— $— $244,319 $571,057 1.50% Convertible senior notes$0 $0 $244,319 $571,057 
0.25% Convertible senior notes0.25% Convertible senior notes1,041,562 1,544,450 1,017,967 1,587,978 0.25% Convertible senior notes1,053,550 1,732,671 1,017,967 1,587,978 
In June 2013, we completed an offering of $250 million of 1.50% convertible senior notes due July 15, 2020 (“2020 Notes”), which were subsequently converted during the three months ended July 31, 2020.second quarter of fiscal 2021. In September 2017, we completed an offering of $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes due October 1, 2022 (“2022 Notes” and together with the 2020 Notes, the “Notes”). The carrying amounts of the Notes represent the liability components of the principal balances as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and January 31, 2020. The estimated fair values of the Notes, which we have classified as Level 2 financial instruments, were determined based on the quoted bid prices of the Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of each reporting period. The if-converted value of the 2022 Notes exceeded the principal amount by $264$493 million. The if-converted value was determined based on the closing price of our common stock of $180.92$210.12 on JulyOctober 31, 2020. For further information, see Note 10, Debt.
In April 2020, we entered into a credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) pursuant to which the lenders would extend to Workday a senior unsecured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million (“Term Loan,”) and an unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million (“Revolving Credit Facility”). As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, the carrying value of the Term Loan was $748$739 million, and there were 0 outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. The estimated fair value of the Term Loan, which we have classified as a Level 2 financial instrument, approximates theits carrying value because it is a floating rate facility. For further information, see Note 10, Debt.
Note 5. Deferred Costs
Deferred costs, which consist of deferred sales commissions, were $329$342 million and $323 million as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and January 31, 2020, respectively. Amortization expense for the deferred costs was $27$29 million and $22$23 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and $53$82 million and $43$66 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. There was 0 impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented.
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Note 6. Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
July 31, 2020January 31, 2020October 31, 2020January 31, 2020
Land and land improvementsLand and land improvements$37,065 $38,737 Land and land improvements$37,065 $38,737 
BuildingsBuildings491,571 489,028 Buildings493,757 489,028 
Computers, equipment, and softwareComputers, equipment, and software831,593 723,482 Computers, equipment, and software894,031 723,482 
Furniture and fixturesFurniture and fixtures53,814 51,917 Furniture and fixtures54,952 51,917 
Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements199,347 189,668 Leasehold improvements200,807 189,668 
Property and equipment, grossProperty and equipment, gross1,613,390 1,492,832 Property and equipment, gross1,680,612 1,492,832 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortizationLess accumulated depreciation and amortization(655,956)(556,653)Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(704,002)(556,653)
Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment, net$957,434 $936,179 Property and equipment, net$976,610 $936,179 
Depreciation expense totaled $57$58 million and $47$55 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and $112$170 million and $88$144 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. NaN interest costs were capitalized to Property and equipment, net during the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020.2020, or the three months ended October 31, 2019. Interest costs capitalized to Property and equipment, net totaled $2 million and $6 million for the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2019, respectively.2019.
Note 7. Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets, Net
Acquisition-related intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
July 31, 2020January 31, 2020October 31, 2020January 31, 2020
Developed technologyDeveloped technology$218,400 $218,400 Developed technology$218,400 $218,400 
Customer relationshipsCustomer relationships224,000 224,000 Customer relationships224,000 224,000 
Trade nameTrade name12,400 12,400 Trade name12,400 12,400 
BacklogBacklog11,000 11,000 Backlog11,000 11,000 
Acquisition-related intangible assets, grossAcquisition-related intangible assets, gross465,800 465,800 Acquisition-related intangible assets, gross465,800 465,800 
Less accumulated amortizationLess accumulated amortization(188,953)(157,399)Less accumulated amortization(203,197)(157,399)
Acquisition-related intangible assets, netAcquisition-related intangible assets, net$276,847 $308,401 Acquisition-related intangible assets, net$262,603 $308,401 
Amortization expense related to acquisition-related intangible assets was $16$14 million and $20$16 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and $32$46 million and $39$55 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, our future estimated amortization expense related to acquisition-related intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Period:Fiscal Period:Fiscal Period:
Remainder of 2021Remainder of 2021$28,221 Remainder of 2021$13,977 
2022202252,833 202252,833 
2023202350,109 202350,109 
2024202438,933 202438,933 
2025202527,500 202527,500 
ThereafterThereafter79,251 Thereafter79,251 
TotalTotal$276,847 Total$262,603 
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Note 8. Other Assets
Other assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
July 31, 2020January 31, 2020October 31, 2020January 31, 2020
Non-marketable equity and other investments (1)
Non-marketable equity and other investments (1)
$78,239 $75,004 
Non-marketable equity and other investments (1)
$76,155 $75,004 
Equity investments accounted for under the equity methodEquity investments accounted for under the equity method48,228 — Equity investments accounted for under the equity method48,181 0 
Prepayments for goods and servicesPrepayments for goods and services22,711 27,928 Prepayments for goods and services20,219 27,928 
Technology patents and other intangible assets, netTechnology patents and other intangible assets, net16,282 17,898 Technology patents and other intangible assets, net15,564 17,898 
Net deferred tax assetsNet deferred tax assets7,450 6,912 Net deferred tax assets7,180 6,912 
DepositsDeposits5,847 6,335 Deposits5,869 6,335 
Derivative assetsDerivative assets4,440 9,529 Derivative assets5,037 9,529 
OtherOther1,880 999 Other1,782 999 
TotalTotal$185,077 $144,605 Total$179,987 $144,605 
(1)Included in non-marketable equity and other investments are investments in loan receivables of privately held companies, which are carried at amortized cost. The carrying values of these loan receivables were $13 million and $16 million as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and January 31, 2020, respectively. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, the allowance for credit losses on this balance was immaterial.
Technology patents and other intangible assets with estimable useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, the future estimated amortization expense is as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Period:Fiscal Period:Fiscal Period:
Remainder of 2021Remainder of 2021$1,437 Remainder of 2021$719 
202220222,620 20222,620 
202320232,348 20232,348 
202420242,040 20242,040 
202520251,569 20251,569 
ThereafterThereafter6,268 Thereafter6,268 
TotalTotal$16,282 Total$15,564 
Note 9. Derivative Instruments
We conduct business on a global basis in multiple foreign currencies, subjecting Workday to foreign currency risk. To mitigate this risk, we utilize hedging contracts as described below. We do not enter into any derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.
Our foreign currency contracts are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of similar instruments in active markets, such as currency spot and forward rates.
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
We are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations resulting from customer contracts denominated in foreign currencies. We have a hedging program in which we enter into foreign currency forward contracts related to certain customer contracts. We designate these forward contracts as cash flow hedging instruments since the accounting criteria for such designation have been met.
Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Cash flows from such forward contracts are classified as operating activities. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of these hedges are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and will be subsequently reclassified to the related revenue line item on the condensed consolidated statements of operations in the same period that the underlying revenues are earned. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, we estimate that $12$8 million of net gains recorded in AOCI related to our foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges will be reclassified into income within the next 12 months.
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and January 31, 2020, we had outstanding foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges with total notional values of $1.1$1.2 billion and $908 million, respectively. The notional value represents the amount that will be bought or sold upon maturity of the forward contract. All such contracts have maturities not greater than 4948 months.
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Foreign Currency Forward Contracts Not Designated as Hedges
We also enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge a portion of our net outstanding monetary assets and liabilities. These forward contracts are intended to offset the foreign currency gains or losses associated with the underlying monetary assets and liabilities and are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value. These forward contracts are not designated as hedging instruments under applicable accounting guidance, and therefore all changes in the fair value of these forward contracts are recorded in Other income (expense), net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Cash flows from such forward contracts are classified as operating activities.
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and January 31, 2020, we had outstanding forward contracts not designated as hedges with total notional values of $119$115 million and $246 million, respectively.
The fair values of outstanding derivative instruments were as follows (in thousands):
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets LocationJuly 31, 2020January 31, 2020Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets LocationOctober 31, 2020January 31, 2020
Derivative assets:Derivative assets:Derivative assets:
Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesForeign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesPrepaid expenses and other current assets$11,996 $20,944 Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesPrepaid expenses and other current assets$14,830 $20,944 
Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesForeign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesOther assets4,437 9,529 Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesOther assets5,024 9,529 
Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesForeign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesPrepaid expenses and other current assets370 2,801 Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesPrepaid expenses and other current assets611 2,801 
Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesForeign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesOther assets3 — Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesOther assets13 0 
Total derivative assetsTotal derivative assets$16,806 $33,274 Total derivative assets$20,478 $33,274 
Derivative liabilities:Derivative liabilities:Derivative liabilities:
Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesForeign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities$8,964 $1,211 Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities$6,072 $1,211 
Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesForeign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesOther liabilities9,498 1,809 Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesOther liabilities7,049 1,809 
Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesForeign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities2,524 976 Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities643 976 
Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesForeign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesOther liabilities— — Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesOther liabilities23 0 
Total derivative liabilitiesTotal derivative liabilities$20,986 $3,996 Total derivative liabilities$13,787 $3,996 
The effect of foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges on the condensed consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands):
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations LocationThree Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations LocationThree Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
2020201920202019Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Location2020201920202019
Total revenuesTotal revenuesRevenues$1,061,967 $887,752 $2,080,352 $1,712,807 Total revenuesRevenues$1,105,960 $938,100 $3,186,312 $2,650,907 
Amount of gains (losses) related to foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesAmount of gains (losses) related to foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesRevenues5,278 896 9,764 912 Amount of gains (losses) related to foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedgesRevenues5,568 1,914 15,332 2,826 
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Pre-tax gains (losses) associated with foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges were as follows (in thousands):
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Comprehensive Loss LocationsThree Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Comprehensive Loss LocationsThree Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
2020201920202019Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Comprehensive Loss Locations2020201920202019
Gains (losses) recognized in OCIGains (losses) recognized in OCINet change in market value of effective foreign currency forward exchange contracts$(52,558)$21,928 $(15,765)$37,790 Gains (losses) recognized in OCINet change in market value of effective foreign currency forward exchange contracts$8,612 $(8,607)$(7,153)$29,183 
Gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion)Gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion)Revenues5,278 896 9,764 912 Gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion)Revenues5,568 1,914 15,332 2,826 
Gains (losses) associated with foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedges were as follows (in thousands):
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations LocationThree Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,
2020201920202019
Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesOther income (expense), net$(4,040)$2,229 $1,373 $4,627 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations LocationThree Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
2020201920202019
Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedgesOther income (expense), net$151 $(1,727)$1,524 $2,900 
We are subject to master netting agreements with certain counterparties of the foreign exchange contracts, under which we are permitted to net settle transactions of the same currency with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. It is our policy to present the derivatives gross on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our foreign currency forward contracts are not subject to any credit contingent features or collateral requirements. We manage our exposure to counterparty risk by entering into contracts with a diversified group of major financial institutions and by actively monitoring outstanding positions.
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, information related to these offsetting arrangements was as follows (in thousands):
Gross Amounts of Recognized AssetsGross Amounts Offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts of Assets Presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Assets ExposedGross Amounts of Recognized AssetsGross Amounts Offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts of Assets Presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Assets Exposed
Financial InstrumentsCash Collateral ReceivedNet Amounts of Assets Presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsFinancial InstrumentsNet Assets Exposed
Derivative assets:Derivative assets:Derivative assets:
Counterparty ACounterparty A$289 $— $289 $(289)$— $— Counterparty A$553 $0 $553 $(1,785)$0 $(1,232)
Counterparty BCounterparty B15,113 — 15,113 (15,113)— — Counterparty B17,975 0 17,975 (4,732)0 13,243 
Counterparty CCounterparty C1,404 — 1,404 (1,404)— — Counterparty C1,950 0 1,950 (7,270)0 (5,320)
TotalTotal$16,806 $— $16,806 $(16,806)$— $— Total$20,478 $0 $20,478 $(13,787)$0 $6,691 
Gross Amounts of Recognized LiabilitiesGross Amounts Offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts of Liabilities Presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Liabilities ExposedGross Amounts of Recognized LiabilitiesGross Amounts Offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts of Liabilities Presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Liabilities Exposed
Financial InstrumentsCash Collateral PledgedNet Amounts of Liabilities Presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsFinancial InstrumentsNet Liabilities Exposed
Derivative liabilities:Derivative liabilities:Derivative liabilities:
Counterparty ACounterparty A$2,086 $— $2,086 $(289)$— $1,797 Counterparty A$1,785 $0 $1,785 $(1,785)$0 $0 
Counterparty BCounterparty B8,504 — 8,504 (15,113)— (6,609)Counterparty B4,732 0 4,732 (4,732)0 0 
Counterparty CCounterparty C10,396 — 10,396 (1,404)— 8,992 Counterparty C7,270 0 7,270 (7,270)0 0 
TotalTotal$20,986 $— $20,986 $(16,806)$— $4,180 Total$13,787 $0 $13,787 $(13,787)$0 $0 
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Note 10. Debt
Outstanding debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
July 31, 2020January 31, 2020October 31, 2020January 31, 2020
2020 Notes, net of unamortized debt discounts of $0 and $5,319, respectively, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $0 and $307, respectively2020 Notes, net of unamortized debt discounts of $0 and $5,319, respectively, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $0 and $307, respectively$— $244,319 2020 Notes, net of unamortized debt discounts of $0 and $5,319, respectively, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $0 and $307, respectively$0 $244,319 
2022 Notes, net of unamortized debt discounts of $102,238 and $124,403, respectively, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $6,200 and $7,630, respectively1,041,562 1,017,967 
Term Loan, net of unamortized debt discounts of $1,885 and $0, respectively, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $173 and $0, respectively747,942 — 
2022 Notes, net of unamortized debt discounts of $90,964 and $124,403, respectively, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $5,486 and $7,630, respectively2022 Notes, net of unamortized debt discounts of $90,964 and $124,403, respectively, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $5,486 and $7,630, respectively1,053,550 1,017,967 
Term Loan, net of unamortized debt discounts of $1,783 and $0, respectively, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $164 and $0, respectivelyTerm Loan, net of unamortized debt discounts of $1,783 and $0, respectively, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $164 and $0, respectively738,678 0 
Total debtTotal debt$1,789,504 $1,262,286 Total debt$1,792,228 $1,262,286 
Less: current maturities$(37,500)$(244,319)
Less: current debtLess: current debt$(1,091,050)$(244,319)
Total debt, noncurrentTotal debt, noncurrent$1,752,004 $1,017,967 Total debt, noncurrent$701,178 $1,017,967 
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, expected future principal payments oncontractual repayments and maturities of our outstanding debt are as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Period:Fiscal Period:Fiscal Period:
Remainder of 2021Remainder of 2021$18,750 Remainder of 2021$9,375 
2022202237,500 202237,500 
202320231,225,000 20231,225,000 
2024202475,000 202475,000 
2025202575,000 202575,000 
ThereafterThereafter468,750 Thereafter468,750 
TotalTotal$1,900,000 Total$1,890,625 
Convertible Senior Notes
In June 2013, we issued 1.50% convertible senior notes due July 15, 2020, with a principal amount of $250 million. The 2020 Notes were unsecured, unsubordinated obligations, and interest was payable in cash in arrears at a fixed rate of 1.50% on January 15 and July 15 of each year. During the three months ended July 31, 2020,second quarter of fiscal 2021, the 2020 Notes were converted by note holders, and we repaid the $250 million principal balance in cash. We also distributed approximately 1.7 million shares of our Class A common stock to note holders during the three months ended July 31, 2020,second quarter of fiscal 2021, which represents the conversion value in excess of the principal amount.
In September 2017, we issued 0.25% convertible senior notes due October 1, 2022, with a principal amount of $1.15 billion. The 2022 Notes are unsecured, unsubordinated obligations, and interest is payable in cash in arrears at a fixed rate of 0.25% on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The 2022 Notes mature on October 1, 2022, unless repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. We cannot redeem the 2022 Notes prior to maturity.
The terms of the 2022 Notes are governed by an Indenture by and between us and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee (“Indenture”). Upon conversion, holders of the 2022 Notes will receive cash, shares of Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock, at our election.
The initial conversion rate for the 2022 Notes is 6.7982 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $147.10 per share of Class A common stock, subject to adjustment. Prior to the close of business on May 31, 2022, conversion of the 2022 Notes is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, as described below.
Holders of the 2022 Notes who convert their 2022 Notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) are, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. Additionally, in the event of a corporate event that constitutes a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture), holders of the 2022 Notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of their 2022 Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2022 Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
Holders of the 2022 Notes may convert all or a portion of their 2022 Notes prior to the close of business on May 31, 2022, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances:
•if the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock for at least 20 trading days during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price of the 2022 Notes on each applicable trading day;
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•during the 5 business day period after any 5 consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the 2022 Notes for each day of that 5 day consecutive trading day period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of Class A common stock and the conversion rate of the 2022 Notes on such trading day; or
•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, as noted in the Indenture.
On or after June 1, 2022, holders of the 2022 Notes may convert their 2022 Notes at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of the 2022 Notes. As of JulyFor more than 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ended October 31, 2020, andthe last reported sale price of our Class A common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price of the 2022 Notes. As a result, the 2022 Notes are convertible at the option of the holders during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. Accordingly, the 2022 Notes are classified as current on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2020. From November 1, 2020, through the date of this filing, the amount of the principal balance of the 2022 Notes that has been converted or for which conversion has been requested was not material. As of January 31, 2020, the 2022 Notes are classified as noncurrent on the condensed consolidated balance sheets since the criteria for conversion was not met.
In accounting for the issuance of the Notes, we separated each of the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amounts of the liability components were calculated by measuring the fair value of similar liabilities that do not have associated convertible features. The carrying amounts of the equity components representing the conversion option were determined by deducting the fair value of the liability components from the par value of the respective Notes. These differences represent debt discounts that are amortized to interest expense over the respective terms of the Notes using the effective interest rate method. The gross carrying amounts of the equity components recorded were $68 million and $223 million for the 2020 Notes and 2022 Notes, respectively, and were included in Additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets upon issuance. The equity components are not remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification. The effective interest rate of the liability component of the 2020 Notes was 6.25%, and the effective interest rate of the liability component of the 2022 Notes is 4.60%. The interest rates were based on the interest rates of similar liabilities at the time of issuance that did not have associated convertible features.
In accounting for the issuance costs related to the Notes, we allocated the total amount of issuance costs incurred to liability and equity components based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability components are being amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest rate method, to interest expense over the respective terms of the Notes. The issuance costs attributable to the equity components were netted against the respective equity components in Additional paid-in capital. Upon issuance of the 2020 Notes, we recorded liability issuance costs of $5 million and equity issuance costs of $2 million, and upon issuance of the 2022 Notes, we recorded liability issuance costs of $14 million and equity issuance costs of $4 million.
Notes Hedges
In connection with the issuance of the Notes, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions with respect to our Class A common stock (“Purchased Options”). The Purchased Options are intended to offset potential economic dilution to our Class A common stock upon any conversion of the Notes. The Purchased Options are separate transactions and are not part of the terms of the Notes. The amounts paid for the Purchased Options are included in Additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Purchased Options relating to the 2020 Notes gave us the option to purchase, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially identical to those in the 2020 Notes, approximately 3.1 million shares of our Class A common stock for $81.74 per share, exercisable upon conversion of the 2020 Notes. During the three months ended July 31, 2020,second quarter of fiscal 2021, we received approximately 1.7 million shares of our Class A common stock from the exercise of the Purchased Options relating to the 2020 Notes. These shares are held as treasury stock as of July 31, 2020.stock.
The Purchased Options relating to the 2022 Notes give us the option to purchase, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially identical to those in the 2022 Notes, approximately 7.8 million shares of our Class A common stock for $147.10 per share, exercisable upon conversion of the 2022 Notes. The Purchased Options relating to the 2022 Notes will expire in 2022, if not exercised earlier.
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Warrants
In connection with the issuance of the Notes, we also entered into warrant transactions to sell warrants (“Warrants”) to acquire, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, up to approximately 3.1 million shares over 60 scheduled trading days beginning in October 2020 and 7.8 million shares over 60 scheduled trading days beginning in January 2023 of our Class A common stock at an exercise price of $107.96 and $213.96 per share, respectively. If the Warrants are not exercised on their exercise dates, they will expire. The Warrants will be net share settled, and the resulting number of shares of our common stock we will issue depends on the daily volume-weighted average stock prices over the 60 scheduled trading day period beginning on the first expiration date of the Warrants. If the market value per share of our Class A common stock exceeds the applicable exercise price of the Warrants, the Warrants will have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share assuming that we are profitable. The Warrants are separate transactions and are not part of the terms of the Notes or the Purchased Options. The proceeds from the sale of the Warrants are recorded in Additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
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TableDuring the three months ended October 31, 2020, Warrants related to the 2020 Notes were exercised, and we distributed approximately 0.2 million shares of Contents
our Class A common stock to warrant holders utilizing treasury stock. As of October 31, 2020, there were 2.7 million Warrants outstanding related to the 2020 Notes.
Credit Agreement
In April 2020, we entered into a credit agreement pursuant to which the lenders would extend to Workday a senior unsecured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million and an unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million.
The Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility bear interest, at our option, at either (i) a floating rate per annum equal to the base rate plus a margin that ranges from 0% to 0.625%, or (ii) a per annum rate equal to the rate at which dollar deposits are offered in the London interbank market plus a margin that ranges from 1.000% to 1.625%. The base rate is defined as the greatest of (i) Bank of America’s prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% or (iii) a per annum rate equal to the rate at which dollar deposits are offered in the London interbank market for a period of one month (but not less than zero) plus 1.00%. Actual margins under either election will be based on our consolidated leverage ratio, which is measured by dividing (a) our consolidated funded indebtedness as of the fiscal quarter end by (b) our consolidated EBITDA as defined in the Credit Agreement for the most recently completed four consecutive fiscal quarters.
The Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants, including a financial covenant, events of default, and indemnification provisions in favor of the lenders. The financial covenant, based on a quarterly financial test, requires Workday not to exceed a maximum leverage ratio of 3.50:1.00, subject to a step-up to 4.50:1.00 at the election of Workday for a certain period following an Acquisition (as defined in the Credit Agreement). As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all covenants.
Term Loan
The Term Loan was funded in two individual tranches. On April 2, 2020, $500 million of the Term Loan was funded, and the remaining $250 million was funded on July 13, 2020.
The Term Loan matures on April 2, 2025, and provides for quarterly repayment in installments of the principal amount, beginning October 2020, at a rate of 1.25% of the principal amount per quarter through January 2022, and 2.50% of the principal amount per quarter thereafter. The Term Loan may be prepaid or permanently reduced by Workday without penalty or premium.
We incurred fees of approximately $2 million in connection with entering into the agreement for the Term Loan. The fees paid to lenders on the issuance of the debt are accounted for as a debt discount, while the remaining fees paid to third parties are accounted for as debt issuance costs. The debt discount and issuance costs are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest rate method, to interest expense over the contractual term of the arrangement.
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, the Term Loan had a carrying value of $748$739 million, of which $38 million is classified as current and $710$701 million is classified as noncurrent on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, the interest rate on the Term Loan was 2.12%1.38% and the effective interest rate was 2.46%1.92%.
Revolving Credit Facility
The Revolving Credit Facility may be borrowed, repaid, and reborrowed until April 2, 2025, at which time all amounts borrowed must be repaid. We may request, no more than two times during the term of the Credit Agreement, that each revolving lender extend the maturity date for the revolving loans for one year. Additionally, we may request an increase in aggregate revolving commitments by up to $250 million at any time prior to April 2, 2025. The Revolving Credit Facility may be prepaid or permanently reduced by Workday without penalty or premium.
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We are required to pay each revolving lender a commitment fee on a quarterly basis based on amounts committed but unused under the Revolving Credit Facility that ranges from 0.090% to 0.225% per annum, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio. The commitment fee is expensed as incurred and included within Other income (expense), net on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
We incurred fees of approximately $2 million in connection with entering into the agreement for the Revolving Credit Facility. The fees are recorded in Other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the arrangement.
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, there were 0 outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.
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Interest Expense on Debt
The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to our debt (in thousands):
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
20202019202020192020201920202019
Contractual interest expenseContractual interest expense$4,799 $1,657 $7,430 $3,313 Contractual interest expense$4,245 $1,657 $11,675 $4,969 
Interest cost related to amortization of debt discountInterest cost related to amortization of debt discount13,665 13,418 27,620 26,672 Interest cost related to amortization of debt discount11,374 13,584 38,993 40,256 
Interest cost related to amortization of debt issuance costsInterest cost related to amortization of debt issuance costs863 883 1,750 1,766 Interest cost related to amortization of debt issuance costs724 882 2,473 2,648 
Total interest expenseTotal interest expense$19,327 $15,958 $36,800 $31,751 Total interest expense$16,343 $16,123 $53,141 $47,873 
Note 11. Leases
We have entered into operating lease agreements for our office space, data centers, and other property and equipment. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and January 31, 2020, operating lease right-of-use assets were $325$416 million and $291 million, respectively, and operating lease liabilities were $347$437 million and $308 million, respectively. We have also entered into finance lease agreements for other property and equipment. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and January 31, 2020, finance leases were not material.
The components of operating lease expense were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
20202019202020192020201920202019
Operating lease costOperating lease cost$22,336 $18,961 $43,235 $37,475 Operating lease cost$24,638 $19,735 $67,873 $57,210 
Short-term lease costShort-term lease cost4,080 4,205 8,432 7,845 Short-term lease cost3,443 4,135 11,875 11,980 
Variable lease costVariable lease cost4,886 5,138 9,336 8,564 Variable lease cost4,563 4,042 13,899 12,606 
Total operating lease costTotal operating lease cost$31,302 $28,304 $61,003 $53,884 Total operating lease cost$32,644 $27,912 $93,647 $81,796 
Supplemental cash flow information related to our operating leases was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
20202019202020192020201920202019
Cash paid for operating lease liabilitiesCash paid for operating lease liabilities$21,153 $19,324 $42,165 $35,508 Cash paid for operating lease liabilities$22,765$19,089$64,930$54,597
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1)
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1)
32,216 31,071 70,503 327,021 
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1)
113,21910,633183,722337,654
(1)Prior year activity includes $279 million for operating leases existing on February 1, 2019, and $48$59 million for operating leases that commenced induring the first half of fiscal 2020.nine months ended October 31, 2019.
Other information related to our operating leases was as follows:
July 31, 2020January 31, 2020October 31, 2020January 31, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)66Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)66
Weighted average discount rateWeighted average discount rate3.08%3.36%Weighted average discount rate1.81%3.36%
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As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, maturities of operating lease liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Period:Fiscal Period:Fiscal Period:
Remainder of 2021Remainder of 2021$41,143 Remainder of 2021$21,398 
2022202286,814 202294,858 
2023202378,328 202383,040 
2024202469,058 202476,189 
2025202554,457 202565,123 
ThereafterThereafter57,261 Thereafter139,056 
Total lease paymentsTotal lease payments387,061 Total lease payments479,664 
Less imputed interestLess imputed interest(39,656)Less imputed interest(42,212)
TotalTotal$347,405 Total$437,452 
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, we have additional operating leases, primarily for office space and data centers, that have not yet commenced with total undiscounted lease payments of $22$10 million. These operating leases will commence in the remaining months of fiscal 2021, with lease terms ranging from one to five years.
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Related-Party Lease Transactions
We lease certain office space from an affiliate of our Chairman of the Board, Mr. Duffield, adjacent to our corporate headquarters in Pleasanton, California, under various lease agreements. During the three months ended October 31, 2020, we entered into an agreement with this affiliated party for a fee of $1.5 million, which gives us the option to purchase these leased facilities at a price based on third-party appraisals and negotiation between Workday and the affiliated party. In the event we do not exercise the purchase option, which expires on March 1, 2021, the existing lease agreements will be automatically renewed for four years beyond the current lease end dates at rates determined based on independent third-party evaluations. As of October 31, 2020, we are not reasonably certain that the option to purchase the leased facilities will be exercised. We accounted for this arrangement, which was approved by our Board of Directors, as a lease modification during the three months ended October 31, 2020.
The operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities related to these agreements were $55$139 million and $67$150 million, respectively, as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and $57 million and $70 million, respectively, as of January 31, 2020. The weighted average remaining lease term of these agreements is four8 years. The total rent expense under these agreements was $4 million and $3 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and $7$12 million and $6$9 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies
Third-Party Hosted Infrastructure Platform-Related Commitments
We have entered into noncancelable agreements with third-party hosted infrastructure platform vendors with various expiration dates. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, future noncancelable minimum payments under these agreements were approximately $466$445 million.
Legal Matters
We are a party to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. We make a provision for a liability relating to legal matters when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. In our opinion, as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, there was not at least a reasonable possibility that we had incurred a material loss, or a material loss in excess of a recorded accrual, with respect to such loss contingencies.
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Note 13. Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, there were 177179 million shares of Class A common stock, net of treasury stock, and 60 million shares of Class B common stock outstanding. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to 1 vote per share and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to 10 votes per share. Each share of Class B common stock can be converted into a share of Class A common stock at any time at the option of the holder.
Employee Equity Plans
Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (“EIP”) serves as the successor to our 2005 Stock Plan (together with the EIP, the “Stock Plans”). As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, we had 63 million shares of Class A common stock available for future grants.
We also have a 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). Under the ESPP, eligible employees are granted options to purchase shares at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the stock at the time of grant or 85% of the fair market value at the time of exercise. Options to purchase shares are granted twice yearly on or about June 1 and December 1, and are exercisable on or about the succeeding November 30 and May 31, respectively, of each year. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, 5 million shares of Class A common stock were available for issuance under the ESPP.
Restricted Stock Units
The Stock Plans provide for the issuance of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees and non-employees. RSUs generally vest over four years. A summary of information related to RSU activity during the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, is as follows: 
Number of SharesWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance as of January 31, 202011,914,064 $147.96 
RSUs granted7,609,940 148.12 
RSUs vested(3,264,103)139.82 
RSUs forfeited(565,835)145.37 
Balance as of July 31, 202015,694,066 149.82 
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Number of SharesWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance as of January 31, 202011,914,064 $147.96 
RSUs granted7,963,747 150.76 
RSUs vested(4,630,623)138.81 
RSUs forfeited(828,949)147.34 
Balance as of October 31, 202014,418,239 152.48 
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, there was a total of $2.2$2.0 billion in unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately three years.
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
During fiscal 2020, 0.6 million shares of performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) were granted to all employees other than executive management that included both service conditions and performance conditions related to company-wide goals. These performance conditions were met and the PRSUs vested on March 15, 2020. During the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, we recognized $19 million in compensation cost related to these PRSUs.
Additionally, during the second quarter of fiscal 2021, 0.6 million shares of PRSUs were granted to all employees other than executive management that included both service conditions and performance conditions related to company-wide goals. We expect to grant additional shares related to this program for employees hired in fiscal 2021. These PRSU awards will vest if the performance conditions are achieved for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, and if the individual employee continues to provide service through the vesting date of March 15, 2021. During each of the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, we recognized $19$36 million and $55 million in compensation cost related to these PRSUs. A total of $90$54 million in unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately sevenfour months.
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Stock Options
The Stock Plans provide for the issuance of incentive and nonstatutory stock options to employees and non-employees. Stock options issued under the Stock Plans generally are exercisable for periods not to exceed ten years and generally vest over five years. A summary of information related to stock option activity during the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, is as follows (in millions, except share and per share data):
Outstanding Stock OptionsWeighted-Average Exercise PriceAggregate Intrinsic ValueOutstanding Stock OptionsWeighted-Average Exercise PriceAggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance as of January 31, 2020Balance as of January 31, 20203,435,577 $9.78 $601 Balance as of January 31, 20203,435,577 $9.78 $601 
Stock options exercisedStock options exercised(1,155,404)6.19 Stock options exercised(1,709,799)6.32 
Stock options canceledStock options canceled(18,719)42.92 Stock options canceled(41,363)39.22 
Balance as of July 31, 20202,261,454 11.34 383 
Vested and expected to vest as of July 31, 20202,251,777 11.23 382 
Exercisable as of July 31, 20202,030,205 8.91 349 
Balance as of October 31, 2020Balance as of October 31, 20201,684,415 12.57 333 
Vested and expected to vest as of October 31, 2020Vested and expected to vest as of October 31, 20201,679,303 12.50 332 
Exercisable as of October 31, 2020Exercisable as of October 31, 20201,521,062 10.33 304 
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, there was a total of $19$13 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately one year.
Note 14. Unearned Revenue and Performance Obligations
Subscription services revenue of $824$846 million and $677$722 million was recognized during the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively, that was included in the unearned revenue balances as of April 30,July 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Subscription services revenue of $1.46$1.90 billion and $1.18$1.60 billion was recognized during the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively, that was included in the unearned revenue balances as of January 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Professional services revenue recognized in the same periods from unearned revenue balances at the beginning of the respective periods was not material.
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, approximately $8.60$8.87 billion of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for subscription contracts. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately $5.78$5.94 billion of these remaining performance obligations over the next 24 months, with the balance recognized thereafter. Revenue from remaining performance obligations for professional services contracts as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, was not material.
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Note 15. Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consisted of the following (in thousands):
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
20202019202020192020201920202019
Interest incomeInterest income$4,978 $11,239 $12,845 $21,589 Interest income$3,610 $10,803 $16,455 $32,392 
Interest expense (1)
Interest expense (1)
(19,302)(14,473)(36,841)(26,074)
Interest expense (1)
(16,370)(16,205)(53,211)(42,279)
Other (2)
Other (2)
2,871 3,128 1,570 11,520 
Other (2)
3,914 1,266 5,484 12,786 
Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net$(11,453)$(106)$(22,426)$7,035 Other income (expense), net$(8,846)$(4,136)$(31,272)$2,899 
(1)Interest expense includes the contractual interest expense of the Notes and Term Loan, and the related non-cash interest expense attributable to amortization of the debt discounts and debt issuance costs, net of capitalized interest costs. For further information, see Note 10, Debt.
(2)Other includes the net gains (losses) from our equity investments, the commitment fee on the Revolving Credit Facility, and amortization of issuance costs on the Revolving Credit Facility. For further information, see Note 3, Investments, and Note 10, Debt.
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Note 16. Income Taxes
We compute the year-to-date income tax provision by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to the year-to-date pre-tax income or loss and adjust for discrete tax items in the period. We reported an income tax expense of $3$4 million and an income tax benefit of $2$1 million for each of the six-monthnine-month periods ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The income tax expense for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, was primarily attributable to state taxes and income tax expenses in profitable foreign jurisdictions. There were no intra-period tax allocations for the gains from comprehensive income due to the adoption of ASU No. 2019-12 on February 1, 2020. The income tax benefit for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2019, was primarily attributable to the application of intra-period tax allocation rules for the gains from comprehensive income and the excess tax benefits in certain foreign jurisdictions from share-based compensation, partially offset by state taxes and income tax expenses in profitable foreign jurisdictions.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act includes temporary changes to income and non-income based tax laws. We evaluated the applicable provisions of the CARES Act and determined that there is no material impact to our financial results.
On June 22, 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the appeal of a ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit regarding the treatment of stock-based compensation expenses in a cost-sharing agreement (Altera Corporation & Subsidiaries v. Commissioner). The U.S. Supreme Court decision resulted in an immaterial reduction in our deferred tax assets relative to the total gross deferred tax assets, which was fully offset by our valuation allowance. As a result, there was no net impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We are subject to income tax audits in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. We record liabilities related to uncertain tax positions and believe that we have provided adequate reserves for income tax uncertainties in all open tax years. Due to our history of tax losses, all years remain open to tax audit.
We periodically evaluate the realizability of our net deferred tax assets based on all available evidence, both positive and negative. The realization of net deferred tax assets is dependent on our ability to generate sufficient future taxable income during periods prior to the expiration of tax attributes to fully utilize these assets. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, we continue to maintain a full valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets except in certain jurisdictions.
Note 17. Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, net of treasury stock. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including our outstanding stock options, common stock related to unvested RSUs and PRSUs, common stock related to convertible senior notes to the extent dilutive, outstanding warrants, and common stock issuable pursuant to the ESPP. Basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for each period presented, as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.
The net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the Class A common shares and Class B common shares as if the loss for the period had been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is allocated on a proportionate basis.
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The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31,Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
20202019202020192020201920202019
Class AClass BClass AClass BClass AClass BClass AClass BClass AClass BClass AClass BClass AClass BClass AClass B
Net loss per share, basic and diluted:Net loss per share, basic and diluted:Net loss per share, basic and diluted:
Numerator:Numerator:Numerator:
Allocation of distributed net lossAllocation of distributed net loss$(20,732)$(7,284)$(86,481)$(34,231)$(137,980)$(48,404)$(169,067)$(67,920)Allocation of distributed net loss$(18,199)$(6,141)$(83,529)$(32,200)$(156,526)$(54,198)$(252,634)$(100,082)
Denominator:Denominator:Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstandingWeighted-average common shares outstanding175,441 60,561 162,193 64,199 173,590 60,893 160,414 64,443 Weighted-average common shares outstanding178,004 60,055 164,896 63,565 175,071 60,614 161,924 64,147 
Basic and diluted net loss per shareBasic and diluted net loss per share$(0.12)$(0.12)$(0.53)$(0.53)$(0.79)$(0.79)$(1.05)$(1.05)Basic and diluted net loss per share$(0.10)$(0.10)$(0.51)$(0.51)$(0.89)$(0.89)$(1.56)$(1.56)
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Potentially dilutive securities that are not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because doing so would be antidilutive are as follows (in thousands):
As of July 31, As of October 31,
20202019 20202019
Outstanding common stock optionsOutstanding common stock options2,261 4,512 Outstanding common stock options1,685 4,009 
Unvested RSUs and PRSUsUnvested RSUs and PRSUs16,326 14,288 Unvested RSUs and PRSUs15,062 13,329 
Shares related to the convertible senior notesShares related to the convertible senior notes7,818 10,876 Shares related to the convertible senior notes7,818 10,876 
Shares subject to warrants related to the issuance of convertible senior notesShares subject to warrants related to the issuance of convertible senior notes10,876 10,876 Shares subject to warrants related to the issuance of convertible senior notes10,520 10,876 
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPPShares issuable pursuant to the ESPP463 394 Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP463 394 
TotalTotal37,744 40,946 Total35,548 39,484 
Note 18. Geographic Information
Disaggregation of Revenue
We sell our subscription contracts and related services in 2 primary geographical markets: to customers located in the United States and to customers located outside of the United States. Revenue by geography is generally based on the address of the customer as specified in our master subscription agreement. The following table sets forth revenue by geographic area (in thousands):
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31, Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
2020201920202019 2020201920202019
United StatesUnited States$805,056 $676,568 $1,567,396 $1,305,097 United States$833,544 $704,263 $2,400,940 $2,009,360 
Other countriesOther countries256,911 211,184 512,956 407,710 Other countries272,416 233,837 785,372 641,547 
TotalTotal$1,061,967 $887,752 $2,080,352 $1,712,807 Total$1,105,960 $938,100 $3,186,312 $2,650,907 
No single country other than the United States had revenues greater than 10% of total revenues for the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019. No customer individually accounted for more than 10% of our trade and other receivables, net as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, or January 31, 2020.
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Long-Lived Assets
Our long-lived assets, which primarily consist of property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets, are attributed to a country based on the physical location of the assets. Aggregate Property and equipment, net, and Operating lease right-of-use assets by geographic area was as follows (in thousands):
July 31, 2020January 31, 2020 October 31, 2020January 31, 2020
United StatesUnited States$1,084,136 $1,064,292 United States$1,185,510 $1,064,292 
IrelandIreland126,021 122,619 Ireland133,923 122,619 
Other countriesOther countries71,932 40,170 Other countries72,724 40,170 
TotalTotal$1,282,089 $1,227,081 Total$1,392,157 $1,227,081 
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to safe harbor protection under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained in this report other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “seek,” “plan,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, operating results, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those arising from the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19 pandemic”), as well as those described in the “Risk Factors” section, which we encourage you to read carefully. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied by the forward-looking statements.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activities, performance, or achievements. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this report or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Overview
Founded in 2005, Workday delivers financial management, human resources, planning, spend management, and analytics applications designed for the world’s largest companies, educational institutions, and government agencies. We help organizations better manage their financial and human resources with one system that helps enable them to plan, execute, analyze, and extend — all powered by machine learning.
Our diverse customer base includes medium and large global companies as well as smaller organizations that primarily use our planning product. Our cycle of frequent updates has facilitated rapid innovation and the introduction of new applications throughout our history. We began offering our HCM application in 2006 and our Financial Management application in 2007. Since then we have continued to invest in innovation and have consistently introduced new services to our customers.
We have achieved significant growth in a relatively short period of time with a substantial amount of our growth coming from new customers. Our current financial focus is on growing our revenues and expanding our customer base. While we are incurring net losses today, we strive to invest in a disciplined manner across all of our functional areas to sustain continued near-term revenue growth and support our long-term initiatives.
We offer Workday applications to our customers on an enterprise-wide subscription basis, typically with contract terms of three years or longer and with subscription fees largely based on the size of the customer’s workforce. We generally recognize revenue from subscription fees ratably over the term of the contract. We currently derive a substantial majority of our subscription services revenue from subscriptions to our HCM application. We market our applications primarily through our direct sales force.
Our operating expenses have increased significantly in absolute dollars in recent periods, primarily due to the significant growth of our employee population. We had approximately 12,30012,400 and 11,40011,800 employees as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Excluding the impact of certain COVID-19 factors further described below, we expect our product development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenues to decrease over the longer term as we grow our revenues, and we anticipate that we will gain economies of scale by increasing our customer base without direct incremental development costs.
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We intend to continue investing for long-term growth. We have invested and expect to continue to invest heavily in our product development efforts to deliver additional compelling applications and to address customers’ evolving needs. In addition, we plan to continue to expand our ability to sell our applications globally, particularly in Europe and Asia, by investing in product development and customer support to address the business needs of local markets, increasing our sales and marketing organizations, acquiring, building and/or leasing additional office space, and expanding our ecosystem of service partners to support local deployments. We expect to make further significant investments in our data center capacity and equipment as we plan for future growth. We are also investing in personnel to service our growing customer base.
We also regularly evaluate acquisitions and investment opportunities in complementary businesses, employee teams, services, technologies, and intellectual property rights in an effort to expand our product and service offerings. We expect to continue making such acquisitions and investments in the future, and we plan to reinvest a significant portion of our incremental revenues in future periods to grow our business and continue our leadership role in the industry. While we remain focused on improving operating margins, these acquisitions and investments will increase our costs on an absolute basis in the near term. Many of these investments will occur in advance of experiencing any direct benefit from them and could make it difficult to determine if we are allocating our resources efficiently.
Since inception, we have also invested heavily in our professional services organization to help ensure that customers successfully deploy and adopt our applications. Additionally, we continue to expand our professional service partner ecosystem to further support our customers. We believe our investment in professional services, as well as partners building consulting practices around Workday, will drive additional customer subscriptions and continued growth in revenues. Due to our ability to leverage the expanding partner ecosystem, we expect that the rate of professional services revenue growth will decline over time and continue to be lower than subscription revenue growth.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) was reported, and in March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic (“COVID-19 pandemic”). The COVID-19 pandemic is having widespread, rapidly evolving, and unpredictable impacts on global societies, economies, financial markets, and business practices. In response to COVID-19, we have temporarily closed the majority of our global offices, required most of our employees to work remotely, implemented travel restrictions, and have decided to postponepostponed certain of our customer, industry, implementation partner, analyst, investor, and employee events and convertconverted others to virtual-only experiences. Despite the economic challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, we are committed to the long-term overall health of our business, the strength of our product offerings, and our ability to continue to execute on our strategy.
During the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, we experienced a favorable impact to ourachieved solid new subscription bookings results as compared todemand for our products remained strong despite the first quarter of fiscal 2021, as companies are adapting to the COVID-19 uncertain environment and are increasingly realizing the need to move forward with their digital transformation initiatives and the migration to cloud-based solutions.environment. Our operating margins for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, have been favorably impacted by our revenue growth outpacing headcount growth as well as moderation of operating expenses in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced travel, marketing and event spending.pandemic. We do not anticipate the extent of the favorable margin impact experienced for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, to continue long-term as we remain committed to investing in our strategic initiatives across all functional areas.business to drive top line growth and to support our growing base of customers.
Our near-term revenues are relatively predictable as a result of our subscription-based business model. However, if the economic uncertainty remains for a prolonged period, we may experience a further negative impact on our ability to win new business, renew existing customers,customer renewals, sales and marketing efforts, revenue growth rates, customer deployment,deployments, customer solvency, product development, or other financial metrics, any of which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition.
For further discussion of the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operating results, and financial condition, see Risk Factors included in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenues
We primarily derive our revenues from subscription services and professional services. Subscription services revenue principally consists of fees that give our customers access to our cloud applications, which include related customer support. Professional services revenue includes fees for deployment services, optimization services, and training.
Subscription services revenue accounted for 88% and 87% of our total revenues for the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, respectively, and represented 97%96% of our total unearned revenue as of JulyOctober 31, 2020. Subscription services revenue is driven primarily by the number of customers, the number of workers at each customer, the specific applications subscribed to by each customer, and the price of our applications.
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The mix of the applications to which a customer subscribes can affect our financial performance due to price differentials in our applications. Pricing for our applications varies based on many factors, including the complexity and maturity of the application and its acceptance in the marketplace. New products or services offerings by competitors in the future could also impact the mix and pricing of our offerings.
Subscription services revenue is recognized over time as services are delivered and consumed concurrently over the contractual term, beginning on the date our service is made available to the customer. Our subscription contracts typically have a term of three years or longer and are generally noncancelable. We generally invoice our customers annually in advance. Amounts that have been invoiced are initially recorded as unearned revenue.
Our consulting engagements are generally billed on a time and materials basis or fixed price basis. For contracts billed on a time and materials basis, revenue is recognized over time as the professional services are performed. For contracts billed on a fixed price basis, revenue is recognized over time based on the proportion of the professional services performed. In some cases, we supplement our consulting teams by subcontracting resources from our service partners and deploying them on customer engagements. As our professional services organization and the Workday-related consulting practices of our partner firms continue to develop, we expect these partners to increasingly contract directly with our subscription customers. As a result of this trend, and the increase of our subscription services revenue, we expect our professional services revenue as a percentage of total revenues to decline over time.
Costs and Expenses
Costs of subscription services revenue. Costs of subscription services revenue consists primarily of employee-related expenses related to hosting our applications and providing customer support, data center expenses, and depreciation of computer equipment and software.
Costs of professional services revenue. Costs of professional services revenue consists primarily of employee-related expenses associated with these services, subcontractor expenses, and travel expenses.
Product development. Product development expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses. We continue to focus our product development efforts on adding new features and applications, increasing the functionality, and enhancing the ease of use of our cloud applications.
Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses, sales commissions, marketing programs, and travel expenses. Marketing programs consist of advertising, events, corporate communications, brand awareness, and product marketing activities. Sales commissions are considered incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer and are deferred and amortized. Sales commissions for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that we have determined to be five years. Sales commissions for renewal contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the related contractual renewal period.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist of employee-related expenses for finance and accounting, legal, human resources, information systems personnel, professional fees, and other corporate expenses.
Results of Operations
Revenues
Our total revenues for the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31,  Three Months Ended October 31, Nine Months Ended October 31, 
20202019% Change20202019% Change 20202019% Change20202019% Change
Subscription servicesSubscription services$931,698 $757,155 23%$1,813,654 $1,458,179 24%Subscription services$968,547 $798,516 21%$2,782,201 $2,256,695 23%
Professional servicesProfessional services130,269 130,597 —%266,698 254,628 5%Professional services137,413 139,584 (2)%404,111 394,212 3%
Total revenuesTotal revenues$1,061,967 $887,752 20%$2,080,352 $1,712,807 21%Total revenues$1,105,960 $938,100 18%$3,186,312 $2,650,907 20%
Total revenues were $1.1 billion for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $888$938 million during the prior year period, an increase of $174$168 million, or 20%18%. Subscription services revenue was $932$969 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $757$799 million for the prior year period, an increase of $175$170 million, or 21%. The increase in subscription services revenue was due primarily to an increased number of customer contracts as compared to the prior year period. Professional services revenue was $137 million for the three months ended October 31, 2020, compared to $140 million for the prior year period, a decrease of $3 million, or 2%, which was primarily due to a decrease in training revenue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Total revenues were $3.2 billion for the nine months ended October 31, 2020, compared to $2.7 billion during the prior year period, an increase of $0.5 billion, or 20%. Subscription services revenue was $2.8 billion for the nine months ended October 31, 2020, compared to $2.3 billion for the prior year period, an increase of $0.5 billion, or 23%. The increase in subscription services revenue was due primarily to an increased number of customer contracts as compared to the prior year period. Professional services revenue was $130$404 million for the threenine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $131 million for the prior year period, a slight decrease of less than $1 million due to the timing of deployments as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Total revenues were $2.1 billion for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to $1.7 billion during the prior year period, an increase of $0.4 billion, or 21%. Subscription services revenue was $1.8 billion for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to $1.5 billion for the prior year period, an increase of $0.4 billion, or 24%. The increase in subscription services revenue was due primarily to an increased number of customer contracts as compared to the prior year period. Professional services revenue was $267 million for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to $255$394 million for the prior year period, an increase of $12$10 million, or 5%3%. The increase in professional services revenue was due primarily to Workday performing deployment and integration services for a greater number of customers than in the prior year period.
Operating Expenses
GAAP operating expenses were $1.1 billion for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $1.0 billion for the prior year period, an increase of $0.1 billion,$72 million, or 7%. The increase was primarily due toin GAAP operating expenses included an increase of $80$83 million in employee-related expense driven by higher headcount, partially offset by a decrease of $28$26 million in reduced travel expenses due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
GAAP operating expenses were $2.2$3.4 billion for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $2.0$3.0 billion for the prior year period, an increase of $0.3 billion,$355 million, or 14%12%. The increase was primarily due toin GAAP operating expenses included increases of $204$288 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount, $79 million related to a one-time cash bonus paid to non-executive employees in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 to help accommodate unforeseen costs brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic (“COVID-19 one-time employee bonus”), and $36$38 million in facilities and IT related expenses, and $21 million in third-party expenses for hardware maintenance and data center capacity, partially offset by a decrease of $45$72 million in reduced travel expenses.
We use the non-GAAP financial measure of non-GAAP operating expenses to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for internal budgeting and forecasting purposes, for short- and long-term operating plans, and to evaluate our financial performance. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for further information. We believe that non-GAAP operating expenses reflect our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful period-to-period comparisons and analysis of trends in our business. We also believe that non-GAAP operating expenses provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results and prospects in the same manner as management and in comparing financial results across accounting periods and to those of peer companies.
Non-GAAP operating expenses are calculated by excluding share-based compensation expenses, and certain other expenses, which consist of employer payroll tax-related items on employee stock transactions and amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets.
Non-GAAP operating expenses were $804$838 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $770$795 million for the prior year period, an increase of $34$43 million, or 4%5%. The increase was primarily due toin Non-GAAP operating expenses included an increase of $42$52 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount, partially offset by a decrease of $28$26 million in reduced travel expenses.expenses due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Non-GAAP operating expenses were $1.7$2.5 billion for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $1.5$2.3 billion for the prior year period, an increase of $0.2 billion,$247 million, or 14%11%. The increase was primarily due toin Non-GAAP operating expenses included increases of $118$171 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount, $79 million related to the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus, and $36$38 million in facilities and IT related expenses, and $21 million in third-party expenses for hardware maintenance and data center capacity, partially offset by a decrease of $45$72 million in reduced travel expenses.
Reconciliations of our GAAP to non-GAAP operating expenses were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended July 31, 2020 Three Months Ended October 31, 2020
GAAP Operating Expenses
Share-Based Compensation Expenses (1)
Other Operating Expenses (2)
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (3)
 GAAP Operating Expenses
Share-Based Compensation Expenses (1)
Other Operating Expenses (2)
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (3)
Costs of subscription servicesCosts of subscription services$145,007 $(14,825)$(8,844)$121,338 Costs of subscription services$152,396 $(16,767)$(7,811)$127,818 
Costs of professional servicesCosts of professional services139,270 (24,552)(918)113,800 Costs of professional services142,785 (27,349)(824)114,612 
Product developmentProduct development418,681 (128,505)(4,554)285,622 Product development419,962 (128,423)(4,006)287,533 
Sales and marketingSales and marketing276,497 (49,854)(7,913)218,730 Sales and marketing302,870 (54,077)(8,352)240,441 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative99,266 (33,500)(975)64,791 General and administrative102,024 (33,216)(1,355)67,453 
Total costs and expensesTotal costs and expenses$1,078,721 $(251,236)$(23,204)$804,281 Total costs and expenses$1,120,037 $(259,832)$(22,348)$837,857 

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Three Months Ended July 31, 2019Three Months Ended October 31, 2019
GAAP Operating Expenses
Share-Based Compensation Expenses (1)
Other Operating Expenses (2)
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (3)
GAAP Operating Expenses
Share-Based Compensation Expenses (1)
Other Operating Expenses (2)
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (3)
Costs of subscription servicesCosts of subscription services$121,161 $(12,001)$(11,739)$97,421 Costs of subscription services$122,305 $(13,634)$(7,593)$101,078 
Costs of professional servicesCosts of professional services145,173 (18,991)(1,233)124,949 Costs of professional services148,625 (22,249)(569)125,807 
Product developmentProduct development378,122 (105,758)(5,380)266,984 Product development401,742 (118,215)(4,420)279,107 
Sales and marketingSales and marketing280,200 (42,690)(10,449)227,061 Sales and marketing286,794 (47,142)(7,820)231,832 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative85,593 (29,781)(2,021)53,791 General and administrative88,884 (29,762)(1,453)57,669 
Total costs and expensesTotal costs and expenses$1,010,249 $(209,221)$(30,822)$770,206 Total costs and expenses$1,048,350 $(231,002)$(21,855)$795,493 

Six Months Ended July 31, 2020Nine Months Ended October 31, 2020
GAAP Operating Expenses
Share-Based Compensation Expenses (1)
Other Operating Expenses (2)
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (3)
GAAP Operating Expenses
Share-Based Compensation Expenses (1)
Other Operating Expenses (2)
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (3)
Costs of subscription servicesCosts of subscription services$290,270 $(28,717)$(18,487)$243,066 Costs of subscription services$442,666 $(45,484)$(26,298)$370,884 
Costs of professional servicesCosts of professional services299,637 (47,118)(4,019)248,500 Costs of professional services442,422 (74,467)(4,843)363,112 
Product developmentProduct development862,165 (250,527)(16,704)594,934 Product development1,282,127 (378,950)(20,710)882,467 
Sales and marketingSales and marketing595,054 (96,804)(18,489)479,761 Sales and marketing897,924 (150,881)(26,841)720,202 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative194,437 (64,742)(3,756)125,939 General and administrative296,461 (97,958)(5,111)193,392 
Total costs and expensesTotal costs and expenses$2,241,563 $(487,908)$(61,455)$1,692,200 Total costs and expenses$3,361,600 $(747,740)$(83,803)$2,530,057 

Six Months Ended July 31, 2019 Nine Months Ended October 31, 2019
GAAP Operating Expenses
Share-Based Compensation Expenses (1)
Other Operating Expenses (2)
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (3)
 GAAP Operating Expenses
Share-Based Compensation Expenses (1)
Other Operating Expenses (2)
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (3)
Costs of subscription servicesCosts of subscription services$233,630 $(22,416)$(24,399)$186,815 Costs of subscription services$355,935 $(36,050)$(31,992)$287,893 
Costs of professional servicesCosts of professional services275,923 (35,141)(4,692)236,090 Costs of professional services424,548 (57,390)(5,261)361,897 
Product developmentProduct development725,953 (196,995)(19,011)509,947 Product development1,127,695 (315,210)(23,431)789,054 
Sales and marketingSales and marketing553,136 (81,544)(23,283)448,309 Sales and marketing839,930 (128,686)(31,103)680,141 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative170,048 (58,360)(5,319)106,369 General and administrative258,932 (88,122)(6,772)164,038 
Total costs and expensesTotal costs and expenses$1,958,690 $(394,456)$(76,704)$1,487,530 Total costs and expenses$3,007,040 $(625,458)$(98,559)$2,283,023 
(1)Share-based compensation expenses were $251$260 million and $209$231 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and $488$748 million and $394$625 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The increase in share-based compensation expenses includes the impact of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted to existing and new employees.
(2)Other operating expenses include employer payroll tax-related items on employee stock transactions of $7$8 million and $11$6 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and $30$38 million and $38$44 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. In addition, other operating expenses include amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets of $16$14 million and $20$16 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively and $32$46 million and $39$55 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
(3)See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for further information.
Costs of Subscription Services
See the table above for a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP operating expenses.
GAAP operating expenses in costs of subscription services were $145$152 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $121$122 million for the prior year period, an increase of $24$30 million, or 20%25%. The increase was primarily due toin costs of subscription services included increases of $7$8 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount, $5$6 million in depreciation expenses related to equipment in our data centers, and $6 million in third-party expenses for hardware maintenance and data center capacity, and $4capacity.
GAAP operating expenses in costs of subscription services were $443 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2020, compared to $356 million for the prior year period, an increase of $87 million, or 24%. The increase in costs of subscription services included increases of $23 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount, $18 million in depreciation expense related to equipment in our data centers.
GAAP operating expenses in costs of subscription services were $290 million for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to $234 million for the prior year period, an increase of $56 million, or 24%. The increase was primarily due to increases of $16 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount, $11centers, $17 million in third-party expenses for hardware maintenance and data center capacity, $6 million in depreciation expense related to equipment in our data centers, and $5 million related to the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus.
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Non-GAAP operating expenses in costs of subscription services were $121$128 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $97$101 million for the prior year period, an increase of $24$27 million, or 25%26%. The increase was primarily due toin costs of subscription services included increases of $7$6 million in depreciation expenseexpenses related to equipment in our data centers, $5$6 million in third-party expenses for hardware maintenance and data center capacity, and $4$5 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount.
Non-GAAP operating expenses in costs of subscription services were $243$371 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $187$288 million for the prior year period, an increase of $56$83 million, or 30%29%. The increase was primarily due toin costs of subscription services included increases of $12$18 million in depreciation expense related to equipment in our data centers, $11$17 million in third-party expenses for hardware maintenance and data center capacity, $10$14 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount, and $5 million related to the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus.
We expect that GAAP and non-GAAP operating expenses in costs of subscription services will continue to increase in absolute dollars as we improve and expand our data center capacity and operations.
Costs of Professional Services
See the table above for a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP operating expenses.
GAAP operating expenses in costs of professional services were $139$143 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $145$149 million for the prior year period, a decrease of $6 million, or 4%. The decrease was primarily due to decreasesin costs of $5professional services included $4 million in reduced travel expenses due to the COVID-19 pandemic and $6 million due to converting an implementation partner event to a virtual-only experience, offset by an increase of $8$4 million in employee related expenses driven by higher headcount.reduced subcontractor expenses.
GAAP operating expenses in costs of professional services were $300$442 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $276$425 million for the prior year period, an increase of $24$17 million, or 9%4%. The increase was primarily due toin costs of professional services included increases of $31$21 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount and $12 million related to the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus, partially offset by a decrease of $9$13 million in reduced travel expenses.
Non-GAAP operating expenses in costs of professional services were $114$115 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $125$126 million for the prior year period, a decrease of $11 million, or 9%. The decrease includes $5in costs of professional services included decreases of $4 million related toin reduced travel expenses due to the COVID-19 pandemic and $6$4 million due to converting an implementation partner event to a virtual-only experience.in reduced subcontractor expenses.
Non-GAAP operating expenses in costs of professional services were $249$363 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $236$362 million for the prior year period, an increase of $13$1 million, or 5%0.3%. The increase was primarily due toin costs of professional services included increases of $20 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount and $12 million related to the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus, and $5 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount, partially offset by a decrease of $9$13 million in reduced travel expenses.
We expect GAAP and non-GAAP costs of professional services as a percentage of total revenues to continue to decline as we continue to rely on our service partners to deploy our applications and as the number of our customers continues to grow.
Product Development
See the table above for a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP operating expenses.
GAAP operating expenses in product development were $419$420 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $378$402 million for the prior year period, an increase of $41$18 million, or 11%5%. The increase was primarily due toin product development expenses included an increase of $39$22 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount.headcount, partially offset by a decrease of $5 million in reduced travel expenses due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
GAAP operating expenses in product development were $862 million$1.3 billion for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $726 million$1.1 billion for the prior year period, an increase of $136$154 million, or 19%14%. The increase was primarily due toin product development included increases of $97$119 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount and $31 million related to the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus.
Non-GAAP operating expenses in product development were $286$288 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $267$279 million for the prior year period, an increase of $19$9 million, or 7%3%. The increase was primarily due toin product development expenses included an increase of $17$12 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount.headcount, partially offset by a decrease of $5 million in reduced travel expenses.
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Non-GAAP operating expenses in product development were $595$882 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $510$789 million for the prior year period, an increase of $85$93 million, or 17%12%. The increase was primarily due toin product development expenses included increases of $46$57 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount and $31 million related to the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus.
We expect that GAAP and non-GAAP product development expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars as we improve and extend our applications and develop new technologies.
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Sales and Marketing
See the table above for a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP operating expenses.
GAAP operating expenses in sales and marketing were $276$303 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $280$287 million for the prior year period, an increase of $16 million, or 6%. The increase in sales and marketing expenses included increases of $25 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount and $4 million related to marketing and event spending, partially offset by a decrease of $4 million, or 1%. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $16$15 million in reduced travel expenses due to the COVID-19 pandemic and $6 million in marketing and event spending, offset by an increase of $15 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount.pandemic.
GAAP operating expenses in sales and marketing were $595$898 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $553$840 million for the prior year period, an increase of $42$58 million, or 8%7%. The increase was primarily due toin sales and marketing expenses included increases of $42$66 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount and $25 million related to the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus, partially offset by decreasesa decrease of $25$40 million in reduced travel expenses and $7 million in marketing and event spending.expenses.
Non-GAAP operating expenses in sales and marketing were $219$240 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $227$232 million for the prior year period, a decreasean increase of $8 million, or 4%. The decrease was primarily due to decreasesincrease in sales and marketing expenses included increases of $16 million in reduced travel expenses and $6 million in marketing and event spending, offset by an increase of $9 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount.headcount and $4 million related to marketing and event spending, partially offset by a decrease of $15 million in reduced travel expenses.
Non-GAAP operating expenses in sales and marketing were $480$720 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $448$680 million for the prior year period, an increase of $32$40 million, or 7%6%. The increase was primarily due toin sales and marketing expenses included increases of $29$45 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount and $25 million related to the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus, partially offset by decreasesa decrease of $25$40 million in reduced travel expenses and $7 million in marketing and event spending.expenses.
We expect that GAAP and non-GAAP sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we continue to invest in our domestic and international selling and marketing activities to expand brand awareness and attract new customers.
General and Administrative
See the table above for a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP operating expenses.
GAAP operating expenses in general and administrative were $99$102 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $86$89 million for the prior year period, an increase of $13 million, or 16%15%. The increase was primarily due to an increasein general and administrative expenses included increases of $12$10 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount.headcount and $8 million in charitable donations, partially offset by moderation of operating expenses due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
GAAP operating expenses in general and administrative were $194$296 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $170$259 million for the prior year period, an increase of $24$37 million, or 14%. The increase was primarily due toin general and administrative expenses included increases of $19$26 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount, $12 million in charitable donations, and $6 million related to the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus, partially offset by a decrease of $4$5 million in reduced travel expenses due to the COVID-19 pandemic.expenses.
Non-GAAP operating expenses in general and administrative were $65$67 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $54$58 million for the prior year period, an increase of $11$9 million, or 20%17%. The increase was primarily due to an increasein general and administrative expenses included increases of $9$8 million in charitable donations, and $7 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount.headcount, partially offset by moderation of operating expenses.
Non-GAAP operating expenses in general and administrative were $126$193 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, compared to $106$164 million for the prior year period, an increase of $20$29 million, or 18%. The increase was primarily due toin general and administrative expenses included increases of $14$18 million in employee-related expenses driven by higher headcount, $12 million in charitable donations, and $6 million related to the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus, partially offset by $4a decrease of $5 million in reduced travel expenses.
We expect GAAP and non-GAAP general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars as we further invest in our infrastructure and support our global expansion.
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Operating Margins
GAAP operating margins improved from (13.8)(11.8)% for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2019, to (1.6)(1.3)% for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020. Our GAAP operating margins for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, have been favorably impacted by our revenue growth outpacing headcount growth as well as moderation of operating expenses in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced travel.
GAAP operating margins improved from (13.4)% for the nine months ended October 31, 2019, to (5.5)% for the nine months ended October 31, 2020. Our GAAP operating margins for the nine months ended October 31, 2020, have been favorably impacted by our revenue growth outpacing headcount growth as well as moderation of operating expenses in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced travel and marketing and event spending.
GAAP operating margins improved from (14.4)% for the six months ended July 31, 2019, to (7.7)% for the six months ended July 31, 2020. Our GAAP operating margins for the six months ended July 31, 2020, have been favorably impacted by our revenue growth outpacing headcount growth as well as moderation of operating expenses in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced travel, marketing and event spending.
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We use the non-GAAP financial measure of non-GAAP operating margins to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for internal budgeting and forecasting purposes, for short- and long-term operating plans, and to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that non-GAAP operating margins reflect our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful period-to-period comparisons and analysis of trends in our business. We also believe that non-GAAP operating margins provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results and prospects in the same manner as management and in comparing financial results across accounting periods and to those of peer companies.
Non-GAAP operating margins are calculated using GAAP revenues and non-GAAP operating expenses. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for further information.
Non-GAAP operating margins improved from 13.2%15.2% for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2019, to 24.3%24.2% for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020. Our non-GAAP operating margins for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, have been favorably impacted by our revenue growth outpacing headcount growth as well as moderation of operating expenses in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced travel.
Non-GAAP operating margins improved from 13.9% for the nine months ended October 31, 2019, to 20.6% for the nine months ended October 31, 2020. Our non-GAAP operating margins for the nine months ended October 31, 2020, have been favorably impacted by our revenue growth outpacing headcount growth as well as moderation of operating expenses in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced travel marketing and event spending.
Non-GAAP operating margins improved from 13.2% for the six months ended July 31, 2019, to 18.7% for the six months ended July 31, 2020. Our non-GAAP operating margins for the six months ended July 31, 2020, have been favorably impacted by our revenue growth outpacing headcount growth as well as moderation of operating expenses in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced travel, marketing and event spending.
Reconciliations of our GAAP to non-GAAP operating margins were as follows:
 Three Months Ended July 31, 2020
 GAAP Operating ExpensesShare-Based Compensation ExpensesOther Operating Expenses
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (1)
Operating margin(1.6)%23.7%2.2%24.3%
 Three Months Ended July 31, 2019
 GAAP Operating ExpensesShare-Based Compensation ExpensesOther Operating Expenses
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (1)
Operating margin(13.8)%23.6%3.4%13.2%
 Three Months Ended October 31, 2020
 GAAP Operating ExpensesShare-Based Compensation ExpensesOther Operating Expenses
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (1)
Operating margin(1.3)%23.5%2.0%24.2%

Six Months Ended July 31, 2020
GAAP Operating ExpensesShare-Based Compensation ExpensesOther Operating Expenses
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (1)
Operating margin(7.7)%23.4%3.0%18.7%
Three Months Ended October 31, 2019
GAAP Operating ExpensesShare-Based Compensation ExpensesOther Operating Expenses
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (1)
Operating margin(11.8)%24.6%2.4%15.2%

Six Months Ended July 31, 2019
GAAP Operating ExpensesShare-Based Compensation ExpensesOther Operating Expenses
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (1)
Operating margin(14.4)%23.0%4.6%13.2%
Nine Months Ended October 31, 2020
GAAP Operating ExpensesShare-Based Compensation ExpensesOther Operating Expenses
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (1)
Operating margin(5.5)%23.5%2.6%20.6%

Nine Months Ended October 31, 2019
GAAP Operating ExpensesShare-Based Compensation ExpensesOther Operating Expenses
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses (1)
Operating margin(13.4)%23.6%3.7%13.9%
(1)See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for further information.
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Other Income (Expense), Net
Other expense, net was $11$9 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, as compared to other expense, net of $0.1$4 million for the prior year period. The increase in other expense, net was due primarily toincluded a $6$7 million reduction in interest income on marketable securities as a result of lower prevailing interest rates during the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020. In addition, interest expense increased2020, partially offset by $5a $4 million primarily related to our term loan entered into in April 2020.unrealized gain on an equity investment.
Other expense, net was $22$31 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, as compared to other income, net of $7$3 million for the prior year period. During the sixnine months ended July 31, 2019, we recognized a gain from the sale of marketable equity investment of $7 million gain and we capitalized interest costs of $6 million, which reduced interest expense. Additionally, during the six months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, there was a $9$16 million decrease in interest income on marketable securities as a result of lower prevailing interest rates,rates. Additionally, during the nine months ended October 31, 2019, there was a gain from the sale of a marketable equity investment of $7 million and a $5capitalized interest costs of $6 million, increase inwhich reduced interest expense related to the term loan.expense.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, our principal sources of liquidity were cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities totaling $2.8$2.9 billion, which were primarily held for working capital purposes. Our cash equivalents and marketable securities are composed primarily of U.S. treasury securities, U.S. agency obligations, corporate bonds, commercial paper, and money market funds.
In April 2020, we entered into a credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) pursuant to which the lenders would extend to Workday a senior unsecured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million (“Term Loan”) and an unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million (“Revolving Credit Facility”). On April 2, 2020, $500 million of the Term Loan was funded, and the remaining $250 million of the Term Loan was funded on July 13, 2020. We can also borrow up to $750 million under the Revolving Credit Facility until April 2, 2025. For further information, see Note 10, Debt, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The 2022 Notes are convertible at the option of the holders during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, since the trigger for early conversion was met. Specifically, the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price of the 2022 Notes for more than 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ended October 31, 2020. The 2022 Notes were reclassified to current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2020. From November 1, 2020, through the date of this filing, the amount of the principal balance of the 2022 Notes that has been converted or for which conversion has been requested was not material.
We have financed our operations primarily through customer payments, issuance of debt, and sales of equity securities. Our long-term future capital requirements depend on many factors, including our customer growth rate,rates, subscription renewal activity, the timing and extent of development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the introduction of new and enhanced services offerings, the continuing market acceptance of our services, the timing of construction of facilities in Pleasanton, California and theor acquisition of additional facilities, and investmentinvestments, and acquisition activities. We may enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services, technologies, or intellectual property rights in the future. We also may choose to seek additional equitydebt or debtequity financing.
Our cash flows for the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended July 31,Six Months Ended July 31, Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
2020201920202019 2020201920202019
Net cash provided by (used in):Net cash provided by (used in):Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activitiesOperating activities$157,210 $100,319 $420,893 $309,482 Operating activities$293,802 $258,002 $714,695 $567,484 
Investing activitiesInvesting activities(202,638)(320,745)(479,985)(388,100)Investing activities(462,666)32,559 (942,651)(355,541)
Financing activitiesFinancing activities70,780 57,951 570,111 61,313 Financing activities(5,906)1,602 564,205 62,915 
Effect of exchange rate changesEffect of exchange rate changes771 75 506 (252)Effect of exchange rate changes40 48 546 (204)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cashNet increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$26,123 $(162,400)$511,525 $(17,557)Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$(174,730)$292,211 $336,795 $274,654 
Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities was $157$294 million and $100$258 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The improvement in cash flow provided by operating activities was primarily due to increases in sales and the related cash collections, and moderation of operating expenses in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced travel, marketing and event spending, partially offset by higher cash operating expenses driven by increased headcount.
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Cash provided by operating activities was $421$715 million and $309$567 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The improvement in cash flow provided by operating activities was primarily due to increases in sales and the related cash collections, and moderation of operating expenses in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced travel, marketing and event spending, partially offset by higher cash operating expenses driven by increased headcount and the COVID-19 one-time employee bonus.
We expect our business to continue to generate sufficient operating cash flows; however, if the COVID-19 pandemic worsens or is prolonged, our customers may continue to request payment timing concessions, which could materially impact the timing and predictability of our operating cash flows in any given period.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, was $203$463 million, which was primarily the result of data center and office space projects of $67 million and the timing ofdue to a net cash outflow related to purchases and maturities of marketable securities.
Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended July 31, 2019, was $321securities of $379 million which was primarily the result ofand capital expenditures for data center and office space projects of $76$78 million.
Cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended October 31, 2019, was $33 million, capital expenditures relatedwhich was primarily due to the construction of our development center of $34 million, a net outflowcash inflow related to acquisition activity of $13 million, and the timing of purchases and maturities of marketable securities.
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Cash used in investing activities for the six months ended July 31, 2020, was $480$119 million, which was primarily the result ofpartially offset by capital expenditures for data center and office space projects of $126$55 million, capital expenditures related to owned real estate projects of $22 million, and purchases of non-marketable equity and other investments of $59$10 million.
Cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended October 31, 2020, was $943 million, and the timing ofwhich was primarily due to a net cash outflow related to purchases and maturities of marketable securities.securities of $681 million, capital expenditures for data center and office space projects of $205 million, and purchases of non-marketable equity and other investments of $63 million.
Cash used in investing activities for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2019, was $388$356 million, which was primarily the result of capital expenditures for data center and office space projects of $141$196 million, capital expenditures related to the constructionowned real estate projects of our development center$96 million, purchases of $74non-marketable equity and other investments of $17 million, a net outflowcash outflows related to purchases net of maturities of marketable securities of $89 million, and acquisition activity of $13 million, and the timing of purchases and maturities of marketable securities.million. These payments were partially offset by proceeds of $55 million from sales of marketable equity investments.securities.
We expect capital expenditures, excluding owned real estate projects, will be approximately $280 million for fiscal 2021. These capital outlays will largely be used to expand the infrastructure of our data centers. We do not expect to make additional investments in owned real estate projects during fiscal 2021.
Financing Activities
Cash provided byused in financing activities was $71$6 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, which was primarily due to proceeds of $250 million from borrowingsa payment on the Term Loan and $71of $9 million, partially offset by proceeds of $4 million from the issuance of common stock from employee equity plans, offset by the principal payment of $250 million in connection with the conversion of our 1.50% convertible senior notes (“2020 Notes”) during the quarter.plans.
Cash provided by financing activities was $58$2 million for the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2019, which was primarily due to proceeds from the issuance of common stock from employee equity plans.
Cash provided by financing activities was $570$564 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, which was primarily due to proceeds of $748 million from borrowingsborrowing on the Term Loan and $75$78 million from the issuance of common stock from employee equity plans, partially offset by the principal payment of $250 million in connection with the conversion of the 2020 Notes.
Cash provided by financing activities was $61$63 million for the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2019, which was primarily due to proceeds from the issuance of common stock from employee equity plans.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Regulation S-K Item 10(e), “Use of non-GAAP financial measures in Commission filings,” defines and prescribes the conditions for use of non-GAAP financial information. Our measures of non-GAAP operating expenses and non-GAAP operating margins meet the definition of a non-GAAP financial measure.
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses and Non-GAAP Operating Margins
Our non-GAAP operating expenses and non-GAAP operating margins exclude the components listed below. For the reasons set forth below, management believes that excluding the component provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results and prospects in the same manner as management, in comparing financial results across accounting periods and to those of peer companies, and to better understand the long-term performance of our core business.
•Share-Based Compensation Expenses. Although share-based compensation is an important aspect of the compensation of our employees and executives, management believes it is useful to exclude share-based compensation expenses to better understand the long-term performance of our core business and to facilitate comparison of our results to those of peer companies. Share-based compensation expenses are determined using a number of factors, including our stock price, volatility, and forfeiture rates that are beyond our control and generally unrelated to operational decisions and performance in any particular period. Further, share-based compensation expenses are not reflective of the value ultimately received by the grant recipients.
•Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses includes employer payroll tax-related items on employee stock transactions and amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets. The amount of employer payroll tax-related items on employee stock transactions is dependent on our stock price and other factors that are beyond our control and do not correlate to the operation of the business. For business combinations, we generally allocate a portion of the purchase price to intangible assets. The amount of the allocation is based on estimates and assumptions made by management and is subject to amortization. The amount of purchase price allocated to intangible assets and the term of its related amortization can vary significantly and are unique to each acquisition and thus we do not believe it is reflective of our ongoing operations.
Limitations on the Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
A limitation of our non-GAAP financial measures of non-GAAP operating expenses and non-GAAP operating margins is that they do not have uniform definitions. Our definitions will likely differ from the definitions used by other companies, including peer companies, and therefore comparability may be limited. Further, the non-GAAP financial measure of non-GAAP operating expenses has certain limitations because it does not reflect all items of expense that affect our operations and are reflected in the GAAP financial measure of total operating expenses. In the case of share-based compensation, if we did not pay out a portion of compensation in the form of share-based compensation and related employer payroll tax-related items, the cash salary expense included in costs of revenues and operating expenses would be higher, which would affect our cash position.
We compensate for these limitations by reconciling the non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or in isolation from, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure, and to view our non-GAAP financial measures in conjunction with the most comparable GAAP financial measures.
See “Results of Operations—Operating Expenses and Results of Operations—Operating Margins” for reconciliations from the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, GAAP operating expenses and GAAP operating margins, to the non-GAAP financial measures, non-GAAP operating expenses and non-GAAP operating margins, for the three and sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, and 2019.
Contractual Obligations
Our contractual obligations primarily consist of our convertible senior notes, borrowings under our Credit Agreement, leases for office space and co-location facilities for data center capacity, third-party hosted infrastructure platforms for business operations, and agreements to purchase data center equipment. We do not consider outstanding purchase orders to be contractual obligations as they represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements.
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Convertible Senior Notes
In June 2013, we completed an offering of $250 million of 1.50% convertible senior notes due July 15, 2020, which were subsequently converted during the three months ended July 31, 2020.second quarter of fiscal 2021. In September 2017, we completed an offering of $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes due October 1, 2022 (“2022 Notes”). We are not required to make principal payments under the 2022 Notes prior to maturity. If the 2022 Notes are not converted to Class A common stock prior to their maturity dates, we are required to repay $1.15 billion in principal on October 1, 2022. The 2022 Notes are convertible at the option of the holders during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. From November 1, 2020, through the date of this filing, the amount of the principal balance of the 2022 Notes that has been converted or for which conversion has been requested was not material. We may receive additional conversion request that require settlement in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. We are also required to make interest payments on a semi-annual basis at the interest rates described in Note 10, Debt, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Credit Agreement
In April 2020, we entered into a credit agreement pursuant to which the lenders extended to Workday a senior unsecured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million and an unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million. The Term Loan matures on April 2, 2025, and provides for quarterly repayment in installments of the principal amount, beginning October 2020, at a rate of 1.25% of the principal amount per quarter through January 2022, and 2.50% of the principal amount per quarter thereafter. The Revolving Credit Facility may be borrowed, repaid, and reborrowed until April 2, 2025, at which time all amounts borrowed must be repaid. The Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at the interest rates described in Note 10, Debt, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations under the Credit Agreement as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and assumes interest rates consistent with those in effect for our Term Loan as of JulyOctober 31, 2020. The Revolving Credit Facility is excluded as thereThere were no outstanding borrowings as of JulyOctober 31, 2020.2020, under the Revolving Credit Facility.
Payments Due by PeriodPayments Due by Period
(in thousands)(in thousands)
TotalRemainder of Fiscal 2021Fiscal 2022 - Fiscal 2023Fiscal 2024 - Fiscal 2025ThereafterTotalRemainder of Fiscal 2021Fiscal 2022 - Fiscal 2023Fiscal 2024 - Fiscal 2025Thereafter
Term LoanTerm Loan$750,000 $18,750 $112,500 $150,000 $468,750 Term Loan$740,625 $9,375 $112,500 $150,000 $468,750 
Interest obligation on Term LoanInterest obligation on Term Loan65,327 9,295 29,747 23,826 2,459 Interest obligation on Term Loan40,047 3,486 19,410 15,546 1,605 
TotalTotal$815,327 $28,045 $142,247 $173,826 $471,209 Total$780,672 $12,861 $131,910 $165,546 $470,355 
Leases
We have entered into operating lease agreements for our office space, data centers, and other property and equipment with various expiration dates. These lease agreements often provide us with an option to renew.
Third-Party Hosted Infrastructure Platforms for Business Operations
We have entered into noncancelable agreements with third-party hosted infrastructure platform vendors with various expiration dates. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, future noncancelable minimum payments under these agreements were approximately $466$445 million.
Data Center Equipment
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, we have entered into noncancelable agreements to purchase $110$79 million of data center equipment during the second halfremainder of fiscal 2021.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Through JulyOctober 31, 2020, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities, that would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
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Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. We are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require further updates to our estimates or judgments or require us to further revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of JulyOctober 31, 2020. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
During the sixnine months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as described in the consolidated financial statements contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 3, 2020.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in negative impacts on global economies and financial markets, which may increase our foreign currency exchange risk and interest rate risk. For further discussion of the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operating results, and financial condition, see Risk Factors“Risk Factors” included in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We transact business globally in multiple currencies. As a result, our operating results and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, our most significant currency exposures were the euro, Canadian dollar, British pound, and Australian dollar.
Due to our exposure to market risks that may result from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we enter into foreign currency derivative hedging transactions to mitigate these risks. For further information, see Note 9, Derivative Instruments, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Interest Rate Risk on our Investments
We had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities totaling $2.8$2.9 billion and $1.9 billion as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and January 31, 2020, respectively. Cash equivalents and marketable securities were invested primarily in U.S. treasury securities, U.S. agency obligations, corporate bonds, commercial paper, and money market funds. The cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities are held primarily for working capital purposes. Our investment portfolios are managed to preserve capital and meet liquidity needs. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes.
Our cash equivalents and our portfolio of debt securities are subject to market risk due to changes in interest rates. Fixed rate securities may have their market value adversely affected due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fluctuate due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates. Our debt securities are classified as “available for sale”. When the fair value of the security declines below its amortized cost basis, any portion of that decline attributable to credit losses, to the extent expected to be nonrecoverable before the sale of the impaired security, is recognized in the income statement.
An immediate increase of 100 basis points in interest rates would have resulted in a $9$10 million and $7 million market value reduction in our investment portfolio as of JulyOctober 31, 2020, and January 31, 2020, respectively. This estimate is based on a sensitivity model that measures market value changes when changes in interest rates occur.
Interest Rate Risk on our Debt
In September 2017, we completed an offering of $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes due October 1, 2022. The 2022 Notes have a fixed annual interest rate of 0.25%, and therefore we do not have economic interest rate exposure on the 2022 Notes. However, the value of the 2022 Notes is exposed to interest rate risk. Generally, the fair value of the 2022 Notes will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. In addition, the fair value of the 2022 Notes is affected by our stock price. The carrying value of the 2022 Notes was $1.0$1.1 billion as of JulyOctober 31, 2020. The carrying value represents the liability component of the principal balance of the 2022 Notes as of JulyOctober 31, 2020. The estimated fair value of the 2022 Notes was $1.5$1.7 billion as of JulyOctober 31, 2020. The estimated fair value was determined based on the quoted bid price of the 2022 Notes in an over-the-counter market as of the last trading day of the current fiscal quarter, which was $134.30.$150.67.
In April 2020, we entered into a credit agreement pursuant to which the lenders would extend to Workday a senior unsecured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million, and an unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million. The Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility bear interest, at our option, at either (i) a floating rate per annum equal to the base rate plus a margin that ranges from 0.000% to 0.625%, or (ii) a per annum rate equal to the rate at which dollar deposits are offered in the London interbank market plus a margin that ranges from 1.000% to 1.625%. The base rate is defined as the greatest of (i) Bank of America’s prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% or (iii) a per annum rate equal to the rate at which dollar deposits are offered in the London interbank market for a period of one month (but not less than zero) plus 1.00%. Actual margins under either election will be based on our consolidated leverage ratio.
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, the Term Loan had a carrying value of $748$739 million, and there were no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. The interest rate on the Term Loan was 2.12%1.38% as of JulyOctober 31, 2020.
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Because the interest rates applicable to borrowings under the Credit Agreement are variable, we are exposed to market risk from changes in the underlying index rates, which affect our cost of borrowing. A hypothetical immediate increase of 100 basis points in interest rates would not have had a significant impact on our results of operations.
For further information, see Note 10, Debt, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this report.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Based on management’s evaluation, our principal executive officers and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to, and are effective to, provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during our most recently completed fiscal quarter. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officers and principal financial officer concluded that there has not been any material change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter covered by this report that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, despite the fact that the majority of our employees are continuing to work remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation on our internal controls to understand the potential impact on their design and operating effectiveness.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are regularly involved with claims, suits, regulatory and government investigations, and other proceedings involving competition, intellectual property, data security and privacy, tax and related compliance, labor and employment, commercial disputes, and other matters. Such claims, suits, regulatory and government investigations, and other proceedings can impose a significant burden on management and employees, could prevent us from offering one or more of our applications, services, or features to others, could require us to change our technology or business practices, or could result in monetary damages, fines, civil or criminal penalties, reputational harm, or other adverse consequences.
These claims, suits, regulatory and government investigations, and other proceedings may include speculative, substantial, or indeterminate monetary amounts. We record a liability when we believe that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both the likelihood of there being a liability and the estimated amount of a liability related to such matters. With respect to our outstanding matters, based on our current knowledge, we believe that the amount or range of reasonably possible liability will not, either individually or in aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows, or financial condition. However, the outcome of such matters is inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this report, including the condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, before making an investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that materially and adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business operations, financial condition, operating results, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. The market price of our securities could decline due to the materialization of these or any other risks, and you could lose part or all of your investment.
Summary of Risk Factors
The below summary risks provide an overview of the material risks we are exposed to in the normal course of our business activities. The below summary risks do not contain all of the information that may be important to you, and you should read the summary risks below together with the more detailed discussion of risks set forth following this section under the heading “Risk Factors,” as well as elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Additional risks beyond those summarized below or discussed in “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” may apply to our activities or operations as currently conducted, as we may conduct them in the future, or in the markets in which we currently operate or may in the future operate. Consistent with the foregoing, we are exposed to a variety of risks, including those associated with the following:
•the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting global economic volatility, and measures taken in response to the pandemic may materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, and earnings guidance that we may issue from time to time;
•if our security measures are breached or unauthorized access to customer or user data is otherwise obtained, our applications may be perceived as not being secure, customers and end users may reduce the use of or stop using our applications, and we may incur significant liabilities;
•if we fail to properly manage our technical operations infrastructure, including our data centers and computing infrastructure operated by third parties, experience service outages or delays in the deployment of our applications, or our applications fail to perform properly, we may be subject to liabilities and our reputation and operating results may be adversely affected;
•privacy concerns and domestic or foreign laws and regulations may reduce the effectiveness of our applications, result in significant costs and compliance challenges, and adversely affect our business and operating results;
•the markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected;
•our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, and such fluctuations and related impacts to any earnings guidance we may issue from time to time, or any modification or withdrawal thereof, may negatively impact the value of our securities;
•if we are not able to realize a return on our current development efforts or offer new features, enhancements, and modifications to our products and services, our business and operating results could be adversely affected; additionally, if we are not able to realize a return on the investments we have made toward entering new markets and new lines of business, including as a result of unfavorable laws, regulations, interpretive positions, or standards governing new and evolving technologies we incorporate into our products and services, our business and operating results could be adversely affected;
•if we are unable to establish or maintain our strategic relationships with third parties, or fail to successfully integrate our applications with a variety of third-party technologies, our ability to compete or grow our revenues may be impaired and our operating results may suffer;
•we have acquired, and may in the future acquire, other companies, employee teams, or technologies, which could divert our management's attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders, and otherwise disrupt our operations and adversely affect our operating results;
•if we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service and operational controls, or adequately address competitive challenges;
•we may lose key employees or be unable to attract, train and retain highly-skilled employees, which may adversely affect our business and future growth prospects;
•if we cannot maintain our corporate culture, we may lose the innovation, teamwork, and passion that we believe contributes to our success, and our business may be harmed;
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•because we encounter long sales cycles when selling to large customers and we recognize subscription services revenue over the term of the contract, downturns or upturns in new sales will not be immediately reflected in our operating results and it may be difficult to predict a negative impact on our operating and financial results; additionally, our ability to predict the rate of customer subscription renewals or adoptions is limited;
•our business could be adversely affected if our users are not satisfied with the deployment, training, and support services provided by us and our partners, and such dissatisfaction could damage our ability to expand the applications subscribed to by our current customers and negatively impact our ability to compete for new business;
•sales to customers outside the United States or with international operations expose us to risks inherent in global operations;
•we have a history of cumulative net losses and we may not be profitable on a GAAP basis for the foreseeable future;
•any failure to protect our intellectual property rights domestically and internationally could impair our ability to protect our proprietary technology and our brand; additionally, we may be sued by third parties for alleged infringement of their proprietary rights or in connection with our use of open source software;
•risks related to government contracts and related procurement regulations, including risks of fines and termination of such contracts by the government at any time, may adversely impact our business and operating results;
•the dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with our Chairman and co-CEO, and also with other executive officers, directors, and affiliates, which gives our Chairman and co-CEO and other members of management control over key decisions and limits or precludes the ability of non-affiliates to influence corporate matters;
•our substantial indebtedness may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results;
•the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions may affect the value of our Class A common stock;
•Delaware law and provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the market price of our Class A common stock; and
•the exclusive forum provision in our organizational documents may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims.
Risk Factors Related to Our Business
The extent to which the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting global economic uncertainty,volatility, and measures taken in response to the pandemic will continue to impact our business, operating results, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the flow of the economy and put unprecedented strains on governments, healthcare systems, educational institutions, businesses, and individuals around the world. The impact on the global population and the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to assess or predict. It is even more difficult to predict the impact on the global economic markets, which will be highly dependent upon the actions of governments, businesses, and other enterprises in response to the pandemic as well as the effectiveness of those actions. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the trading prices for our Class A common stock and the stock of other technology companies have been highly volatile, and such volatility may continue for the duration of and possibly beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Any sustained adverse impacts from the continued spread of COVID-19 could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, and earnings guidance that we may issue from time to time, which could have a material effect on the value of our Class A common stock.
In response to COVID-19, as many other companies have done, we have temporarily closed the majority of our global offices, required most of our employees to continue to work remotely, implemented travel restrictions, have decided to postponepostponed or cancelled certain of our customer, industry, implementation partner, analyst, investor, and employee events, and convert othersconverted other events to virtual-only experiences. These precautionary measures that have been adopted, particularly if the COVID-19 pandemic worsens or is prolonged, could have increasingly negative effects on our sales and marketing efforts, customer success efforts, and revenue growth rates or other financial metrics, or create operational or other challenges, any of which could adversely impact our business, operating results, and financial condition in any given period. We may also continue to experience impacts to productivity and other operational and business impacts if our employees, executives, or their family members experience health issues, or if there are continued delays in our hiring and onboarding of new employees. The COVID-19 pandemic could also impact our data center and computing infrastructure operations, including potential disruptions to, among other things, the supply chain required to maintain these systems, construction projects designed to expand our data center capacity, and primary vendors who provide critical products and services.
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Our future revenues rely on new customer acquisition, and we have experienced and may continue to experience an increase in delayed purchasing decisions from prospective customers and a reduction in customer demand, particularly in the industries most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as travel and hospitality and healthcare. We also may continue to experience a reduction in renewal rates, particularly within our subset of small and medium-sized planning customers, as well as reduced customer spend and delayed payments that could materially impact our business, operating results, and financial condition in future periods. In addition, some of our competitors may offer their products and services at a lower price, or may offer price concessions, delayed payment terms, financing terms, or other terms and conditions that are more enticing to potential customers. While our subscription services revenue is relatively predictable in the near term as a result of our subscription-based business model, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic may not be fully reflected in our operating results and overall financial performance until future periods.
It is not possible for us to estimate the duration or magnitude of the adverse results of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on our business, operating results, or financial condition at this time, as the impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, operating results, and financial condition, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.
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If our security measures are breached or unauthorized access to customer or user data is otherwise obtained, our applications may be perceived as not being secure, customers and end users may reduce the use of or stop using our applications, and we may incur significant liabilities.
Our applications involve the storage and transmission of our customers’ sensitive and proprietary information, including personal or identifying information regarding our customers, their employees, customers, and suppliers, as well as financial, accounting, and payroll data and other sensitive business and personal information. As a result, unauthorized access, acquisition, use, or destruction of this data, or unavailability of data, could expose us to regulatory actions, litigation, investigations, remediation obligations, damage to our reputation and brand, supplemental disclosure obligations, loss of customer, consumer, and partner confidence in the security of our applications, destruction of information, indemnity obligations, impairment to our business, and resulting fees, costs, expenses, loss of revenues, and other potential liabilities. We devote significant financial and personnel resources to implement and maintain security measures. While we have security measures in place that are designed to protect against these risks, preserve the integrity of customer and personal information, and prevent data loss, misappropriation, and other security breaches, our security measures may be compromised as a result of intentional misconduct, including by computer hackers, employees, contractors, or vendors, as well as software bugs, human error, technical malfunctions, or other malfeasance.
Cybersecurity threats and attacks are often targeted at companies such as ours and may take a variety of forms ranging from individuals or groups of hackers, including those who appear to offer a solution to a vulnerability, to sophisticated organizations, including state-sponsored actors. Key cybersecurity risks range from viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs, including phishing attacks or ransomware, to exploitation of software bugs or other defects, to “mega breaches” targeted against cloud services and other hosted software, any of which can result in disclosure of confidential information and intellectual property, defective products, production downtimes, reputational harm, compromised data, and an increase in costs to the business. As the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these attacks or to implement adequate preventative measures. Although we have developed systems and processes that are designed to protect our systems, software and data, as well as customer data and other user data and to prevent data loss and detect security breaches, there can be no assurance that such measures will be effective against all cybersecurity threats or perceived threats.
Additionally, during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and potentially beyond as remote work and resource access expand, there is an increased risk that we may experience cybersecurity-related events such as COVID-19 themed phishing attacks, exploitation of any cybersecurity flaws that may exist, an increase in the number cybersecurity threats or attacks, and other security challenges as a result of most of our employees and our service providers continuing to work remotely from non-corporate managed networks.
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Furthermore, we have acquired or partnered with a number of companies, products, services, and technologies over the years, as well as incorporated third-party products, services and technologies into our products and services. Although we devote significant resources to address any known security issues with respect to such acquisitions, partnerships, and incorporated technologies, we may still inherit additional risks when they are integrated within Workday. In addition, if a high-profile security breach occurs with respect to an industry peer, our customers and potential customers may generally lose trust in the security of financial management, human resources, planning, spend management, or analytics applications, or in cloud applications for enterprises in general. Any or all of these issues could negatively affect our ability to attract new customers, cause existing customers to elect to terminate or not renew their subscriptions, result in reputational damage, cause us to pay remediation costs and/or issue service credits or refunds to customers for prepaid and unused subscription services, require us to compensate our customers or other users for certain losses, or result in lawsuits, regulatory fines, or other action or liabilities, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.
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If we fail to properly manage our technical operations infrastructure, experience service outages, or delays in the deployment of our applications, or our applications fail to perform properly, we may be subject to liabilities and our reputation and operating results may be adversely affected.
We have experienced significant growth in the number of users, transactions, and data that our operations infrastructure supports. We seek to maintain sufficient excess capacity in our operations infrastructure to meet the needs of all of our customers and users, as well as our own needs, and to ensure that our services and solutions are accessible within an acceptable load time. We also seek to maintain excess capacity to facilitate the rapid provision of new customer deployments and the expansion of existing customer deployments. In addition, we need to properly manage our technological operations infrastructure in order to support version control, changes in hardware and software parameters, updates, the evolution of our applications, and to reduce infrastructure latency associated with dispersed geographic locations. However, the provision of new hosting infrastructure requires significant lead time. If we do not accurately predict our infrastructure requirements, we may experience service outages. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic could also impact our data center and computing infrastructure operations, including potential disruptions to, among other things, the supply chain required to maintain these systems, construction projects designed to expand our data center capacity, and primary vendors who provide critical products and services. Furthermore, if our operations infrastructure fails to scale, we may experience delays in providing service as we seek to obtain additional capacity, and no assurance can be made that we will be able to secure such additional capacity on the same or similar terms as we currently have, which could result in a significant increase in our operating costs. Moreover, any failure to scale and secure additional capacity could result in delays in new feature rollouts, reduce the demand for our applications, result in customer and end user dissatisfaction, and adversely affect our business and operating results.
We have experienced, and may in the future experience, system disruptions, outages, and other performance problems, including the failure of our applications to perform properly. These problems may be caused by a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, vendor issues, software and system defects, human error, viruses, worms, security attacks (internal and external), fraud, spikes in customer usage, and denial of service issues. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. Because of the large amount of data that we collect and process in our systems, it is possible that these issues could result in data loss or corruption, or cause the data to be incomplete or contain inaccuracies that our customers and other users regard as significant. Furthermore, the availability or performance of our applications could also be adversely affected by our customers’ and other users’ inability to access the internet. For example, our customers and other users access our applications through their internet service providers. If a service provider fails to provide sufficient capacity to support our applications or otherwise experiences service outages, such failure could interrupt our customers’ and other users’ access to our applications, which could adversely affect their perception of our applications’ reliability and our revenues.
Our customer agreements typically provide for monthly service level commitments. If we are unable to meet the stated service level commitments or suffer extended periods of unavailability for our applications as a result of the foregoing or otherwise, we may be contractually obligated to issue service credits or refunds to customers for prepaid and unused subscription services, our customers may make warranty or other claims against us, or we could face contract terminations, which would adversely affect our attrition rates. Any extended service outages could result in customer losses and adversely affect our reputation, business, and operating results.
Furthermore, our errors and omissions insurance may be inadequate or may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, our policy may not cover all claims made against us and defending a suit, regardless of its merit, could be costly and divert management’s attention.
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We depend on data centers and computing infrastructure operated by third parties, and any disruption in these operations could adversely affect our business and operating results.
We host our applications and serve our customers from data centers located in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Canada.Asia. While we control and have access to our servers and all of the components of our network that are located in these data centers, we do not control certain aspects of these facilities, including their operation and security. The owners of these data center facilities have limited or no obligation to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to renew these agreements on commercially reasonable terms, or if any of these data center operators are acquired or cease to do business, we may be required to transfer our servers and other infrastructure to new data center facilities, and we may incur significant costs and experience possible service interruptions in connection with doing so.
In addition, we also rely upon third-party hosted infrastructure partners globally, including Amazon Web Services (“AWS”), Dimension Data, and Microsoft Azure, and Google Public Cloud to serve customers and operate certain aspects of our services, such as environments for development testing, training, sales demonstrations, and production usage. Any disruption of or interference at our hosted infrastructure partners would impact our operations and our business could be adversely impacted.
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Problems faced by these data center operators or hosted infrastructure partners, with the telecommunications network providers with whom we or they contract, or with the systems by which our telecommunications providers allocate capacity among their customers, including us, could adversely affect the experience of our customers or other users. In addition, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could have a significant adverse operational impact on these data center operators and hosted infrastructure partners on which we rely, as they continue to navigate their own challenges resulting from their employee base continuing to work remotely and other impacts from the pandemic. Furthermore, these data center operators or hosted infrastructure partners could decide to close their facilities or cease operations without adequate notice. In addition, any financial difficulties, such as bankruptcy, faced by these data center operators, our hosted infrastructure partners, or any of the other service providers with whom we or they contract may have negative effects on our business, the nature and extent of which are difficult to predict.
Additionally, if these data center operators or hosted infrastructure partners are unable to keep up with our needs for capacity, this could have an adverse effect on our business. Any changes in third-party service levels at these data centers or at our hosted infrastructure partners or any errors, defects, disruptions, or other performance problems with our applications or the infrastructure on which they run could adversely affect our reputation and may damage our customers’ or other users’ stored files or result in lengthy interruptions in our services. Interruptions in our services might adversely affect our reputation and operating results, cause us to issue refunds or service credits to customers for prepaid and unused subscription services, subject us to potential liabilities, result in contract terminations, or adversely affect our renewal rates.
Furthermore, our financial management application is essential to Workday’s and our customers’ financial projections, reporting, and compliance programs, particularly customers who are public reporting companies. Any interruption in our service may affect the availability, accuracy, or timeliness of such projections, reporting and compliance programs and as a result could damage our reputation, cause our customers to terminate their use of our applications, require us to issue refunds for prepaid and unused subscription services, require us to compensate our customers for certain losses, and prevent us from gaining additional business from current or future customers as well as impact our ability to accurately and timely meet our reporting and other compliance obligations. In addition, because we use Workday's financial management application, any problems that we experience with financial reporting and compliance could be negatively perceived by prospective or current customers, and negatively impact demand for our applications.
Privacy concerns and domestic or foreign laws and regulations may reduce the effectiveness of our applications, result in significant costs and compliance challenges, and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Our customers can use our applications to collect, use, and store personal or identifying information regarding a variety of individuals in connection with their operations, including but not limited to their employees, contractors, students, job applicants, customers, and suppliers. Additionally, individuals using our WayToTM by Workday application may store, manage, and share with certain organizations credentials such as employment history, education, skills, and compensation information. National, state and local governments and agencies in the countries in which our customers operate have adopted, are considering adopting, or may adopt laws and regulations regarding the collection, use, storage, transfer, processing, protection, and disclosure of personal information obtained from consumers and individuals, which could impact our ability to offer our services in certain jurisdictions or our customers’ ability to deploy our solutions globally. We may also be required to develop features, enhancements, or modifications to our products to support our customers’ evolving compliance obligations. This may require us to divert development and other resources from other areas, incur significant expenditures, or, if we are unsuccessful in delivering these features, enhancements, or modifications, result in monetary damages, loss of revenue or customers, reputational harm, or other adverse impacts to our business.
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Privacy and data protection laws are particularly stringent, and the costs of compliance with and other burdens imposed by such laws, regulations, and standards may limit the use and adoption of our services, reduce overall demand for our services, lead to significant fines, penalties, or liabilities for noncompliance, or slow the pace at which we close sales transactions, any of which could harm our business. Even the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may inhibit the adoption, effectiveness, or use of our applications. Moreover, if we or our subprocessors fail to adhere to adequate data protection practices around the usage of and access to our customers’ and other users’ personal data or fail to report a data breach or other loss of data within timeframes mandated by law or our customer contracts, we may be liable for certain losses, and it may damage our reputation and brand.
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Additionally, we expect that existing laws, regulations, and standards may be interpreted in new and differing manners in the future and may be inconsistent among jurisdictions. Future laws, regulations, standards, and other obligations, and changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards, and other obligations could result in increased regulation, increased costs of compliance and penalties for non-compliance, and limitations on data collection, use, disclosure, and transfer for Workday and our customers. In 2016, the European Union (“EU”) adopted a new regulation governing data privacy called the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which became effective in May 2018. The GDPR establishesestablished new requirements applicable to the handling of personal data and imposes penalties for non-compliance of up tothe greater of €20 million or 4% of worldwide revenue. Customers, particularly in the EU, are seeking assurances from their suppliers, including us, that their processing of personal data of EU nationals is in accordance with the GDPR. If we are unable to provide adequate assurances to such customers, demand for our applications could be adversely affected. In addition, we must continue to seek assurances from our subprocessors that they are handling personal data in accordance with GDPR requirements in order to meet our own obligations under the GDPR. In addition, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) took effect on January 1, 2020, and the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which expands upon the CCPA, was passed in the recent California election in November 2020. The CCPA givesand CPRA give California consumers certain rights similar to those provided by the GDPR, and customers and other users may seek similar assurances from suppliers regarding compliance. Moreover, there are a number of other legislative proposals worldwide, including in the United States at both the federal and state level, that could impose additional and potentially conflicting obligations in areas affecting our business.
In addition to government activity, privacy advocacy and other industry groups have established or may establish various new, additional, or different self-regulatory standards that may place additional burdens on us. Our customers may expect us to meet voluntary certifications or adhere to other standards established by third parties. If we are unable to maintain these certifications or meet these standards, it could reduce demand for our applications and adversely affect our business and operating results.
The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, privacy laws and regulations that are applicable to the businesses of our customers may adversely affect our customers’ ability and willingness to process, handle, store, use, and transmit demographic and personal data, which in turn could limit the use, effectiveness, and adoption of our applications and reduce overall demand. In addition, the other bases on which we and our customers rely for the transfer of data, such as model contracts, continue to be subjected to regulatory and judicial scrutiny. In July 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union invalidated the Privacy Shield framework for data transferred from the European Economic Area to the United States. While the same court upheld the use of Standard Contractual Clauses (“SCCs”), which we offer to our customers to enable data transfers, the decision has led to some uncertainty regarding the use of SCCs as the mechanism for data transfers to the United States.States and the court made clear that reliance on SCCs alone may not necessarily be sufficient in all circumstances. Use of SCCs must now be assessed on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the legal regime applicable in the destination country. In November 2020, the European Data Protection Board issued recommendations, which may impose higher burdens on the use of SCCs for cross-border data transfers, including transfers to cloud service providers, and create challenging technical issues. To comply with these recommendations, we may need to implement additional contractual and technical safeguards for any personal data transferred out of the European Economic Area, which could increase our compliance costs, expose us to further regulatory scrutiny and liability, and adversely affect our business. At the same time in November 2020, the European Commission released a draft of revised standard contractual clauses. If adopted, these could make aspects of contracting around cross-border transfers easier, particularly in relation to use of subprocessors. Ultimately, if we or our customers are unable to transfer data between and among countries and regions in which we operate, it could decrease demand for our applications, require us to restrict our business operations, and impair our ability to maintain and grow our customer base and increase our revenue.
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The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.
The markets for financial management and HCM applications are highly competitive, with relatively low barriers to entry for some applications or services. Our primary competitors are Oracle and SAP, well-established providers of financial management and HCM applications, which have long-standing relationships with many customers. Some customers may be hesitant to switch vendors or to adopt cloud applications such as ours and may prefer to maintain their existing relationships with competitors. Oracle and SAP are larger and have greater name recognition, significantly longer operating histories, larger marketing budgets, and significantly greater resources than we do. These vendors, as well as other competitors, could offer financial management and HCM applications on a standalone basis at a low price or bundled as part of a larger sale. In order to take advantage of customer demand for cloud applications, legacy vendors are expanding their cloud applications through acquisitions, strategic alliances, and organic development. We also face competition from other enterprise software vendors, from regional competitors that only operate in certain geographic markets, and from vendors of specific applications that address only one or a portion of our applications, some of which offer cloud-based solutions. These vendors include, without limitation: UKG Inc. (formerly The Ultimate Software Group, Inc.), Automatic Data Processing, Inc., Infor, Inc., Ceridian HCM Holding Inc., Microsoft Corporation, Anaplan, Inc., and Coupa Software Inc. In addition, other cloud companies that provide services in different target markets may develop applications or acquire companies that operate in our target markets, and some potential customers may elect to develop their own internal applications. As the market matures and as existing and new market participants introduce new types of technologies and different approaches that enable organizations to address their human capital management and financial needs, we expect this competition to intensify in the future.
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Many of our competitors are able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, and sale of their products and services. This may allow our competitors to respond more effectively than us to new or emerging technologies and changes in market conditions. Furthermore, our current or potential competitors may be acquired by, or merge with, third parties with greater available resources and the ability to initiate or withstand substantial price competition, such as the recent merger between Kronos Incorporated and The Ultimate Software Group, Inc.. In addition, many of our competitors have established marketing relationships, access to larger customer bases, and major distribution agreements with consultants, system integrators, and resellers. Our competitors may also establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their offerings or resources. If our competitors’ products, services, or technologies become more accepted than our products, if they are successful in bringing their products or services to market earlier than ours, or if their products or services are more technologically capable than ours, then our revenues could be adversely affected. In addition, our competitors may offer their products and services at a lower price, or, particularly during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, may offer price concessions, delayed payment terms, financing terms, or other terms and conditions that are more enticing to potential customers. Pricing pressures and increased competition could result in reduced sales, reduced margins, losses, or a failure to maintain or improve our competitive market position, any of which could adversely affect our business and operating results.
Adverse economic conditions may negatively impact our business.
Our business depends on the overall demand for enterprise software and on the economic health of our current and prospective customers. Any significant weakening of the economy in the United States or abroad, limited availability of credit, reduction in business confidence and activity, decreased government spending, or economic uncertainty, all of which are being impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and its effects such as unemployment, may continue to affect one or more of the sectors or countries in which we sell our applications. Alternatively, a strong dollar could reduce demand for our applications and services in countries with relatively weaker currencies.
Also, the withdrawal of the UK from the EU (“Brexit”) has created economic and political uncertainty, including volatility in the value of foreign currencies. The impact of Brexit depends on the terms of the UK’s future trade agreements with the EU and other countries and such impact may not be fully realized for several years or more. This uncertainty may cause some of our customers or potential customers to curtail spending and may ultimately result in new regulatory, operational, and cost challenges to our UK and global operations.
These adverse conditions could continue to result in reductions in sales of our applications, longer sales cycles, reductions in subscription duration and value, customer bankruptcies, slower adoption of new technologies, and increased price competition. Any of these events would likely have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial position.
Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.
Our quarterly operating results, including the levels of our revenues, operating margin, profitability, cash flow, unearned revenue, and remaining subscription services revenue performance obligations, which we also refer to as backlog, may vary significantly in the future and period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our quarterly financial results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, and as a result, may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. As discussed above, the extent to which the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting global economic uncertainty, and measures taken in response to the pandemic could continue to impact our operating results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict. Fluctuations in our quarterly results and related impacts to any earnings guidance we may issue from time to time, including any modification or withdrawal thereof, may negatively impact the value of our securities. For example, beginning in March 2020, we began experiencing and continue to experience unfavorable impacts to our new subscription bookings, causing us to reduce our fiscal 2021 subscription revenue outlook. Additionally, as we typically sign a significantly higher percentage of agreements with new customers as well as renewal agreements with existing customers in the fourth quarter of each year, if the economic uncertainty is prolonged, we may experience a greater impact on our business and quarterly results.results due to the prolonged uncertainty.
Additional factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly financial results include, without limitation, those listed below:
•our ability to attract new customers;
•the timing and rate at which we sign agreements with customers;
•the financial condition and creditworthiness of our customers;
•the addition or loss of large customers, including through acquisitions or consolidations;
•customer renewal rates;
•the timing of operating expenses and recognition of revenues;
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•the amount and timing of operating expenses related to the maintenance and expansion of our business, operations, and infrastructure;
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•network outages or security breaches;
•general economic and market conditions, including the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;
•increases or decreases in the number of elements of our services or pricing changes upon any renewals of customer agreements;
•changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;
•the mix of applications sold during a period;
•seasonal variations in sales of our applications, which have historically been highest in our fiscal fourth quarter;
•the timing and success of new application and service introductions by us or our competitors;
•changes in the competitive dynamics of our industry, including consolidation among competitors, customers, or strategic partners;
•changes in laws and regulations that impact our business or reported financial results, including changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States; and
•the timing of expenses related to acquisitions and potential future charges for impairment of goodwill.
If we are not able to realize a return on our current development efforts or offer new features, enhancements, and modifications to our services, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
Developing software applications and related enhancements, features, and modifications is expensive, and the investment in product development often involves a long return on investment cycle. Accelerated application introductions and short application life cycles require high levels of expenditures that could adversely affect our operating results if not offset by revenue increases, and we believe that we must continue to dedicate a significant amount of resources to our development efforts to maintain our competitive position. However, we may not receive significant revenues from these investments for several years, if at all. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic could have an impact on our plans to offer certain new features, enhancements, and modifications of our applications in a timely manner, particularly if we experience impacts to productivity due to our employees or their family members experiencing health issues, if our employees continue to work remotely for extended periods, or if there are continuing delays in our hiring and onboarding of new employees. If we are unable to provide new features, enhancements, and modifications in a timely and cost-effective manner that achieve market acceptance or that keep pace with rapid technological developments and changing regulatory landscapes, our business and operating results could be adversely affected. For example, we are focused on enhancing the features and functionality of our applications to improve their utility to larger customers with complex, dynamic, and global operations.operations, or we may be required to develop new features, enhancements, or modifications to our products to support our customers’ evolving compliance obligations. The success of enhancements, new features, and applications depends on several factors, including their timely completion, introduction, and market acceptance as well as access to development resources and the technologies required to build and improve our applications, such as the datasets required to train our machine learning models. As a result, we may not be successful in developing these new features, enhancements, modifications, and applications, and bringbringing them to market timely, if at all. Failure in this regard may significantly impair our revenue growth by negatively impacting our customer renewal rates or our ability to attract new customers.
Our growth depends on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties as well as our ability to successfully integrate our applications with a variety of third-party technologies.
We depend on relationships with third parties such as deployment partners, technology and content providers, and other key suppliers, and are also dependent on third parties for the license of certain software and development tools that are incorporated into or used with our applications. If the operations of these third parties are disrupted as a direct or indirect result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, our own operations may suffer, which could adversely impact our operating results. In addition, we rely upon licensed third-party software to help improve our internal systems, processes, and controls. Identifying partners, and negotiating and documenting relationships with them, requires significant time and resources. We may be at a disadvantage if our competitors are effective in providing incentives to third parties to favor their products or services or to prevent or reduce subscriptions to our services, or in negotiating better rates or terms with such third parties. In addition, acquisitions of our partners by our competitors could end our strategic relationship with the acquired partner and result in a decrease in the number of our current and potential customers, or the support services available for third-party technology may be negatively affected by mergers and consolidation in the software industry. If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our relationships with these third parties, or in monitoring the quality of their products or performance, our ability to compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenues could be impaired and our operating results may suffer.
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To the extent that our applications depend upon the successful integration and operation of third-party software in conjunction with our software, any undetected errors or defects in this third-party software, as well as cybersecurity threats or attacks related to such software, could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our applications, delay new application introductions, result in a failure of our applications, result in increased costs, and injure our reputation. Furthermore, software may not continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms. Although we believe that there are commercially reasonable alternatives to the third-party software we currently license, this may not always be the case, or it may be difficult or costly to replace. Integration of new software into our applications may require significant work and require substantial investment of our time and resources.
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We also need to continuously modify and enhance our applications to keep pace with changes in third-party internet-related hardware, iOS, Android, other mobile-related technologies, and other third-party software, communication, browser, and database technologies. We must also appropriately balance the application capability demands of our current customers with the capabilities required to address the broader market. Furthermore, uncertainties about the timing and nature of new network platforms or technologies, or modifications to existing platforms or technologies, could increase our product development expenses. Any failure of our applications to operate effectively with future network platforms and other third-party technologies could reduce the demand for our applications, result in customer and end user dissatisfaction, and adversely affect our business and operating results. We may experience difficulties in managing improvements to our systems, processes, and controls or in connection with third-party software, which could materially impair our ability to provide solutions or professional services to our customers in a timely manner, cause us to lose customers, limit us to smaller deployments of our solutions, or increase our technical support costs.
Our historic revenue growth rates should not be viewed as indicative of our future performance.
Our revenue growth rates have declined and may decline again in the future as the size of our customer base and market penetration increases. In addition, our future rate of growth is subject to a number of uncertainties, including general economic and market conditions, including those caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as well as risks associated with growing companies in rapidly changing industries. Other factors may also contribute to declines in our growth rates, including slowing demand for our services, increasing competition, a decrease in the growth of our overall market, our failure to continue to capitalize on growth opportunities, and the maturation of our business, some of which may be magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic. As our growth rates decline, investors’ perceptions of our business and the trading price of our securities could be adversely affected.
Additionally, our ability to accurately forecast our future rate of growth is limited. It is difficult to predict customer and other user adoption rates and demand for our applications, the future growth rate and size of the cloud computing market for financial management and HCM services, or the entry of competitive applications. Moreover, it has been and, until the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are contained, will continue to be, even more difficult for us to forecast our operating results. We plan our expense levels and investments on estimates of future revenue and anticipated rates of growth. If our growth does not meet estimates, we may not be able to adjust our spending quickly enough to avoid an adverse impact on our financial results as a consequence of spending that is not aligned with our actual performance.
Moreover, we have encountered and will encounter risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries, including the risks and uncertainties described herein. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties (which we use to plan our business) are incorrect or change due to changes in our markets, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations and our business could suffer.
We have experienced rapid growth, and if we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service and operational controls, or adequately address competitive challenges.
We have experienced rapid growth in our customers, headcount, and operations and anticipate that we will continue to expand our customer base, headcount, and operations. This growth has placed, and future growth will place, a significant strain on our management, administrative, operational, and financial infrastructure. Our success will depend in part on our ability to manage this growth effectively and to scale our operations. To manage the expected growth of our operations and personnel, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial, and management controls as well as our reporting systems and procedures. Failure to effectively manage growth could result in difficulty or delays in deploying customers, declines in quality or customer satisfaction, increases in costs, difficulties in introducing new features, or other operational difficulties, and any of these difficulties could adversely impact our business performance and operating results.

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We may lose key employees or be unable to attract, train, and retain highly skilled employees.
Our success and future growth depend largely upon the continued services of our executive officers, other members of senior management, and other key employees. We do not have employment agreements with our executive officers or other key personnel that require them to continue to work for us for any specified period, and they could terminate their employment with us at any time. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team and to other key employee roles resulting from organizational changes or the hiring or departure of executives or other employees, which could have a serious adverse effect on our business and operating results. Moreover, if key personnel become ill due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we may not be able to manage our business effectively and, as a result, our business and operating results could be harmed.
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To execute our growth plan, we must attract, train, and retain highly qualified personnel. In the technology industry, and particularly in the San Francisco Bay Area, the competition is intense for highly skilled employees, especially for engineers with significant experience in designing and developing software and internet-related services, including in the areas of machine learning and artificial intelligence, for cybersecurity professionals, and for senior sales executives. In addition, the expansion of our sales infrastructure, both domestically and internationally, is necessary to grow our customer base and business. Identifying and recruiting qualified personnel and training them in our sales methodology, our sales systems, and the use of our software requires significant time, expense, and attention. Our business may be adversely affected if our efforts to attract and train new members of our direct sales force do not generate a corresponding increase in revenues. From time to time, we have experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with appropriate qualifications, and we may not be able to fill positions in desired geographic areas or at all.
Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have and may offer more lucrative compensation packages than we offer. Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to retain our highly skilled employees, especially our senior sales executives. Job candidates and existing employees carefully consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. If the perceived or actual value of our equity awards declines, or if the mix of equity and cash compensation that we offer is unattractive, it may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain highly skilled employees. Our recruiting efforts may also be limited by laws and regulations, such as restrictive immigration laws, and restrictions on travel or availability of visas (including during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic). Additionally, job candidates may be threatened with legal action under agreements with their existing employers if we attempt to hire them, which could have a chilling effect on hiring and result in a diversion of our time and resources. We must also continue to retain and motivate existing employees through our compensation practices, company culture, and career development opportunities. If we fail to attract new personnel or to retain our current personnel, our business and future growth prospects could be adversely affected.
If we cannot maintain our corporate culture, we could lose the innovation, teamwork, and passion that we believe contribute to our success, and our business may be harmed.
We believe that a critical component of our success has been our corporate culture, as reflected in our core values: employees, customer service, innovation, integrity, fun, and profitability. We also believe that our commitment to our corporate culture, as well as our commitment to building products and services that help provide our customers with information regarding their own workforce and corporate culture, is part of the reason why our customers choose us. As we continue to grow, both organically and through acquisitions of employee teams, and develop the infrastructure associated with being a more mature public company, we will need to maintain our corporate culture among a larger number of employees who are dispersed throughout various geographic regions. The COVID-19 pandemic requires significant action to preserve culture with an employee base temporarily working remotely and facing unique personal and professional challenges. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our future success, including our ability to retain and recruit personnel and to achieve our corporate objectives, including our ability to quickly develop and deliver new and innovative products.
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Because we encounter long sales cycles when selling to large customers and we recognize subscription services revenue over the term of the contract, downturns or upturns in new sales will not be immediately reflected in our operating results and may be difficult to discern.
We generally recognize subscription services revenue over time as services are delivered to the customer, which typically occurs over a period of three years or longer. As a result, most of the subscription services revenue we report in each quarter is derived from the recognition of unearned revenue relating to subscriptions entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscription contracts in any single quarter will likely have a minor impact on our revenue results for that quarter. However, such a decline will negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Additionally, because much of our sales efforts are targeted at large enterprise customers, our sales cycles involve greater costs, longer sales cycles, the provision of greater levels of education regarding the use and benefits of our applications, less predictability in completing some of our sales, and varying deployment timeframes based on many factors including the number, type, and configuration of applications being deployed, the complexity, scale, and geographic dispersion of the customers’ business and operations, the number of integrations with other systems, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.
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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related precautionary measures we and other companies are taking are impacting our sales activity. For example, like many other companies, including our customers and prospects, our employees are continuing to work remotely, and we have limited all non-essential business travel. Restrictions on travel and in-person meetings have and could continue to interrupt our sales activity, and we cannot predict whether, for how long, or the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to have an impact. Our salesforce has historically met with our customers and potential customers face-to-face when selling our solutions, and while the majority of our deployment activities are completed remotely, many of our customers may prefer to have certain deployment activities such as project kick-off and go-live activities completed on-site. Furthermore, because our future revenue growth relies, in large part, on new customer acquisition, any inability of our salesforce to establish relationships with potential customers during the current environment, as well as prospects deferring buying decisions due to the economic uncertainty, is likely to have a negative impact on our future revenue growth and other financial measures. Our typical sales cycles are six to twelve months but can extend for eighteen months or more, including as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and we expect that this lengthy sales cycle may continue or expand as customers increasingly adopt our applications beyond HCM. Longer sales cycles could cause our operating and financial results to suffer in a given period. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our applications, including those caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as well as potential changes in our pricing policies or rate of renewals, may not be fully reflected in our operating results until future periods. Additionally, we may be unable to adjust our cost structure to reflect any such changes in revenue. In addition, a majority of our costs are expensed as incurred, while revenue is recognized over the life of the customer agreement. As a result, increased growth in the number of our customers could result in our recognition of more costs than revenue in the earlier periods of the terms of our agreements. Our subscription model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through additional sales in any period, as subscription services revenue from new customers generally is recognized over the applicable subscription term. Furthermore, our subscription-based model is largely based on the size of our customers’ employee headcount. Therefore, the addition or loss of employees by our customers, including any significant reductions in force by our customers during the COVID-19 pandemic, or customer insolvencies resulting from severe economic hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic, could have an impact on our subscription services revenue in any given period. Although we have downside protection in our customer agreements in the form of base minimums, should there be any prolonged decrease in our customers’ headcounts, we could experience reduced subscription services revenue upon renewal or potentially outside of the renewal period, which could materially impact our business and operating results in any given period.
Our business could be adversely affected if our users are not satisfied with the deployment, training, and support services provided by us and our partners.
Our business depends on our ability to satisfy our customers and end users, both with respect to our application offerings and the professional services that are performed to help them use features and functions that address their business needs. High customer satisfaction requires that our customers undergo a successful implementation and be properly trained on our applications to effectively implement and increase their level of adoption of such applications. Incorrect or improper implementation or use of our applications could result in customer and user dissatisfaction and harm our business and operating results.
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Professional services may be performed by our own staff, by a third party, or by a combination of the two. Our strategy is to work with third parties to increase the breadth of capability and depth of capacity for delivery of these services to our customers, and third parties provide a majority of deployment services for our customers. The work performed by us or these third parties that we rely on, including any work related to the on-site components of deployment services requested by a customer, might be adversely impacted directly or indirectly by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including as a result of restrictions in accessing customer sites. Additionally, if our customers’ personnel are unable to participate in deployment activities as a direct or indirect result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, this could result in delays in customer go-live dates for our applications. If customers are not satisfied with the quality and timing of work performed by us or a third party or with the type of professional services or applications delivered, or if we or a third party have not fully delivered on certain commitments made to our customers, then we could incur additional costs to address the situation, the revenue recognition of the contract could be impacted, and the dissatisfaction with our services could damage our ability to expand the applications subscribed to by our customers. We must also align our product development and professional services operations in order to ensure that customers’ evolving needs are met. Negative publicity related to our customer relationships, regardless of its accuracy, may further damage our business by affecting our ability to compete for new business with current and prospective customers.
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customers both domestic and abroad.
Additionally, in order to maximize the value of our applications, we must continue to educate and train our customers and end users to develop the skills necessary to harness the power of our applications. If we are not able to effectively educate and train our users, they may choose not to renew their subscriptions, market perceptions of our company and our applications may be impaired, and our reputation and brand may suffer. Customers and other users also depend on our support organization to provision the environments used by our customers and to resolve technical issues relating to our applications. We may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in demand for support services. We also may be unable to modify the format of our support services to compete with changes in support services provided by our competitors. Increased demand for these services, without corresponding revenues, could increase costs and adversely affect our operating results. Failure to maintain high-quality technical support and training, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality support or training, could adversely affect our reputation, our ability to offer and sell our applications, our renewal rates, and our business and operating results.
Our ability to predict the rate of customer subscription renewals or adoptions and the impact these renewals and adoptions will have on our revenues or operating results is limited.
As the markets for our applications mature, or as new competitors introduce new products or services that compete with ours, we may be unable to attract new customers at the same price or based on the same pricing model as we have used historically. From time to time, we may also change our pricing structure, which could adversely impact demand for our products. Moreover, large customers, which are a primary focus of our sales efforts, have and may continue to demandrequest greater price concessions and delayed payment terms. OurAs a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, some of our existing and potential customers have, and may also increasinglycontinue to defer purchasing decisions, demandrequest price concessions and delayed payment terms, and request other terms and conditions, especially if the COVID-19 pandemic worsens or is prolonged. As a result, in the future we may be required to reduce our prices or accept onerous terms and conditions, including delayed payment terms, which could adversely affect our revenues, profitability, financial position, and cash flows in any given period.
In addition, our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions for our applications after the expiration of either the initial or renewed subscription period. Our customers may renew for fewer elements of our applications or on different pricing terms. Our customers’ renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including their level of satisfaction with our pricing or our applications and their ability to continue their operations and spending levels. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our applications on similar pricing terms, our revenues may decline, and our business could suffer. In addition, over time the average term of our contracts could change based on renewal rates or for other reasons.
Our future success also depends, in part, on our ability to sell additional products to our current customers, and the success rate of such endeavors is difficult to predict, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and with regard to any new lines of business that we may introduce from time to time. This may require increasingly costly marketing and sales efforts that are targeted at senior management, and if these efforts are not successful, our business and operating results may suffer. Additionally, acquisitions of our customers have and could continue to lead to cancellation of our contracts with those customers or by the acquiring companies, thereby reducing the number of our existing and potential customers.
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If we fail to develop widespread brand awareness cost-effectively, our business may suffer.
We believe that developing and maintaining widespread positive awareness of our brand is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our applications, retaining and attracting customers, and hiring and retaining employees. However, brand promotion activities may not generate the customer awareness or increased revenues we anticipate, and even if they do, any increase in revenues may not offset the significant expenses we incur in building our brand. Moreover, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has made it more difficult to develop and maintain positive awareness of our brand. For example, we have decideddid not to hold our two largest annual customer conferences for fiscal year 2021, Workday Rising and Workday Rising Europe. We also transitioned Adaptive Live, our customer experience for Workday Adaptive Planning customers as well as our global event series, Workday Elevate, from in-person to digital event experiences. In addition, we have and may continue to delay certain corporate advertising programs. These precautionary measures that have been adopted, particularly if extended for prolonged periods, could have increasingly negative effects on our ability to develop and maintain widespread positive awareness of our brand, which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. In addition, positions we take on social and ethical issues from time to time may impact our brand, reputation, or ability to attract or retain customers.
If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand, we may fail to attract or retain customers necessary to realize a sufficient return on our brand-building efforts, or to achieve the widespread brand awareness that is critical for broad customer adoption of our applications. Additionally, the loss of one or more of our key customers, or a failure to renew our subscription agreements with one or more of our key customers, could significantly impair our ability to market our applications which, in turn, could have a negative impact on our revenues, reputation, and our ability to obtain new customers. In addition, if our brand is negatively impacted, it may be more difficult to hire and retain employees.
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We have acquired, and may in the future acquire, other companies, employee teams, or technologies, which could divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders, and otherwise disrupt our operations and adversely affect our operating results.
We have acquired, and may in the future acquire, other companies, employee teams, or technologies to complement or expand our applications, enhance our technical capabilities, obtain personnel, or otherwise offer growth opportunities. For example, during the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we acquired Adaptive Insights, and during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we acquired Scout. The pursuit of acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating, and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated.
We may not be able to integrate acquired personnel, operations, and technologies successfully, or effectively manage the combined operations following any acquisition. We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from an acquisition due to a number of factors, including:
•inability to integrate or benefit from an acquisition in a profitable manner;
•acquisition-related costs, liabilities, or tax impacts, some of which may be unanticipated;
•difficulty in integrating the intellectual property, technology infrastructure, and operations of the acquired business, including difficulty in addressing security issues of the acquired business;
•difficulty in integrating and retaining the personnel of the acquired business, including integration of the culture of the acquired company and Workday;
•difficulty in leveraging the data of the acquired business if it includes personal data;
•ineffective or inadequate controls, procedures, or policies at the acquired company;
•multiple product lines or service offerings, as a result of our acquisitions, that are offered, priced, and supported differently;
•difficulties and additional expenses associated with synchronizing product offerings, customer relationships, and contract portfolio terms and conditions between Workday and the acquired business;
•potential unknown liabilities or risks associated with the acquired businesses, including those arising from existing contractual obligations or litigation matters;
•adverse effects on our existing business relationships with business partners and customers as a result of the acquisition;
•potential write-offs of acquired assets and potential financial and credit risks associated with acquired customers;
•inability to maintain relationships with key customers, suppliers, and partners of the acquired business;
•difficulty in predicting and controlling the effect of integrating multiple acquisitions concurrently;
•lack of experience in new markets, products, or technologies;
•difficulty in integrating operations and assets of an acquired foreign entity with differences in language, culture, or country-specific regulatory risks;
•diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns;
•use of resources that are needed in other parts of our business; and
•use of substantial portions of our available cash to consummate the acquisition.
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In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could adversely affect our operating results.
Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the issuance of debt, which could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our business, operating results, and financial position may suffer.
Sales to customers outside the United States or with international operations expose us to risks inherent in global operations.
A key element of our growth strategy is to develop a worldwide customer base. Operating globally requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic, and political risks that are different from those in the United States. Our international expansion efforts may not be successful in creating demand for our applications outside of the United States or in effectively selling subscriptions to our applications in all of the markets we enter. In addition to navigating the challenges related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in foreign jurisdictions, we face other risks in doing business on a global scale that could adversely affect our business, including:
•the need to localize and adapt our applications for specific countries, including translation into foreign languages, localization of contracts for different legal jurisdictions, and associated expenses;
•the need for a go-to-market strategy that aligns application management efforts and the development of supporting infrastructure;
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•stricter data privacy laws including requirements that customer data be stored and processed in a designated territory and obligations on us as a data processor;
•difficulties in appropriately staffing and managing foreign operations and providing appropriate compensation for local markets;
•difficulties in leveraging executive presence and company culture globally;
•different pricing environments, longer sales cycles, and longer trade receivables payment cycles, and collections issues;
•new and different sources of competition;
•potentially weaker protection for intellectual property and other legal rights than in the United States and practical difficulties in enforcing intellectual property and other rights;
•laws, customs, and business practices favoring local competitors;
•restrictive governmental actions focused on cross-border trade, such as import and export restrictions, duties, quotas, tariffs, trade disputes, and barriers or sanctions that may prevent us from offering certain portions of our products or services to a particular market, may increase our operating costs or may subject us to monetary fines or penalties in case of unintentional noncompliance due to factors beyond our control;
•compliance challenges related to the complexity of multiple, conflicting, and changing governmental laws and regulations, including employment, tax, privacy, intellectual property, and data protection laws and regulations;
•increased compliance costs related to government regulatory reviews or audits, including those related to international cybersecurity requirements;
•increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;
•restrictions on the transfer of funds;
•ensuring compliance with anti-corruption laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and UK Bribery Act;
•the effects of currency fluctuations on our revenues and expenses and customer demand for our services;
•the cost and potential outcomes of any international claims or litigation;
•adverse tax consequences and tax rulings; and
•unstable economic and political conditions.
Any of the above factors may negatively impact our ability to sell our applications and offer services globally, reduce our competitive position in foreign markets, increase our costs of global operations, and reduce demand for our applications and services from global customers. Additionally, the majority of our international costs are denominated in local currencies and we anticipate that over time an increasing portion of our sales contracts outside the U.S. may be denominated in local currencies. Therefore, fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may impact our operating results when translated into U.S. dollars. Such fluctuations may also impact our ability to predict our future results accurately. Although we have a hedging program to help mitigate some of this volatility and related risks, there can be no assurance that the hedging program will be effective in offsetting the adverse financial impacts that may result from unfavorable movements in foreign currency exchange rates, including any such movements caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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If we are not able to realize a return on the investments we have made toward entering new markets and new lines of business, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
We continue to seek opportunities to enter into new markets and/or new lines of business, some of which we may have very limited or no experience in. As an entrant to new markets and new lines of business, we may not be effective in convincing prospective customers that our solutions will address their needs, and we may not accurately estimate our infrastructure needs, human resource requirements, or operating expenses with regard to these new markets and new lines of business. We may also fail to accurately anticipate adoption rates of these new lines of business or their underlying technology. For example, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and blockchain are propelling advancements in technology, but if they are not widely adopted and accepted or fail to operate as expected, our business and reputation may be harmed. Also, we may not be able to properly price our solutions in these new markets, which could negatively affect our ability to sell to customers. Furthermore, customers in these new markets or of the new lines of business may demand more features and professional services, which may require us to devote even greater research and development, sales, support, and professional services resources to such customers. If we fail to generate adequate revenue from these new markets and lines of business, or if we fail to do so within the envisioned timeframe, it could have an adverse effect on our business or financial condition.
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Unfavorable laws, regulations, interpretive positions or standards governing new and evolving technologies that we incorporate into our products and services could result in significant cost and compliance challenges and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Some of our products and services, such as Workday’s People Experience and Talent Optimization product suites, currently utilize or will utilize new and evolving technologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. While existing laws and regulations may apply to these types of technologies, the overall regulatory environment governing these types of technologies is still currently undeveloped and likely to evolve as government interest in these technologies increases. Regulation of these technologies, as well as other technologies that we utilize in our products and services, also varies greatly among international, federal, state, and local jurisdictions and is subject to significant uncertainty. Governments and agencies domestic and abroad may in the future change or amend existing laws, or adopt new laws, regulations, or guidance, or take other actions which may severely impact the permitted uses of theseour technologies. Any failure by us to comply with applicable laws, regulations, guidance, or other rules could result in costly litigation, penalties, or fines. In addition, these regulations and any related enforcement actions could establish and further expand our obligations to customers, individuals, and other third parties with respect to these types ofour products and services, limit the countries in which such products and services may be used, restrict the way we structure and operate our business, require us to divert development and other resources, and reduce the types of customers and individuals who can use our products and services. Increased regulation and oversight of products or services which utilize or rely on these new technologies may result in costly compliance burdens or otherwise increase our operating costs, detrimentally affecting our business. These new technologies could subject us to additional litigation brought by private parties, which could be costly, time-consuming, and distracting to management and could result in substantial expenses and losses.
In addition, as with many innovations, machine learning and artificial intelligence present additional risks and challenges that could affect their adoption and therefore our business. For example, the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence present emerging ethical issues, and if we enable or offer solutions on this front that are controversial, due to their impact, or perceived impact, on human rights, privacy, employment, or in other social contexts, we may experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm, or legal liability. Also, our positions on social and ethical issues may impact our ability to attract or retain customers and other users. In particular, our brand and reputation are associated with our public commitments to sustainability, equality, inclusivity, accessibility, and ethical use, and any perceived changes in our dedication to these commitments could impact our relationships with potential and current customers and other users.
We have a history of cumulative net losses, and we do not expect to be profitable on a GAAP basis for the foreseeable future.
We have incurred significant net losses on a GAAP basis in each period since our inception in 2005. These net losses and our accumulated deficit reflect the substantial investments we make to acquire new customers and develop our applications. We expect our operating expenses to increase in the future due to anticipated increases in sales and marketing expenses, product development expenses, operations costs, and general and administrative costs, and therefore we expect our net losses on a GAAP basis to continue for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, to the extent we are successful in increasing our customer base, we also expect to incur increased net losses in the acquisition period because costs associated with acquiring customers are generally incurred up front, while subscription services revenue is generally recognized ratably over the terms of the agreements, which are typically three years or longer. You should not consider our recent growth in revenues as indicative of our future performance. We cannot ensure that we will achieve GAAP profitability in the future or that, if we do become profitable, we will sustain profitability.
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We are subject to risks associated with our equity investments including partial or complete loss of invested capital, and significant changes in the fair value of this portfolio could adversely impact our financial results.
We invest in early to late stage companies for strategic reasons and to support key business initiatives, and we may not realize a return on our equity investments. Many such companies generate net losses and the market for their products, services, or technologies may be slow to develop or never materialize. These companies are often dependent on the availability of later rounds of financing from banks or investors on favorable terms to continue their operations. The financial success of our investment in any company is typically dependent on a liquidity event, such as a public offering, acquisition, or other favorable market event reflecting appreciation to the cost of our initial investment. The capital markets for public offerings and acquisitions are dynamic and the likelihood of liquidity events for the companies we have invested in could deteriorate, which could result in a loss of all or a substantial part of our investment in these companies.
Further, valuations of non-marketable equity investments are inherently complex due to the lack of readily available market data. In addition, we may experience additional volatility to our statements of operations due to changes in market prices of our marketable equity investments, the valuation and timing of observable price changes or impairments of our non-marketable equity investments, including impairments to such investments due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and changes in the proportionate share of earnings and losses or impairment of our equity investments accounted for under the equity method. This volatility could be material to our results in any given quarter and may cause our stock price to decline.
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Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights domestically and internationally could impair our ability to protect our proprietary technology and our brand.
Our success and ability to compete depend in part upon our intellectual property. We rely on patent, copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, trade secret protection, and confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, customers, suppliers, partners, and others to protect our intellectual property rights. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property rights may be inadequate. While we have patent applications pending in the United States and throughout the world, we may be unable to obtain patent protection for the technology covered in our patent applications. In addition, any patents issued to us in the future may not provide us with competitive advantages or may be successfully challenged by third parties. Furthermore, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability, and scope of protection of intellectual property rights are uncertain. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties, including those affiliated with state-sponsored actors, to copy or reverse engineer our applications, including with the assistance of insiders, and use information that we regard as proprietary to create products and services that compete with ours. Some license provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer, and disclosure of our technology may be unenforceable under the laws of jurisdictions outside the United States. In addition, the laws of some countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.
We enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants and enter into confidentiality agreements with the parties with whom we have strategic relationships and business alliances. No assurance can be given that these agreements will be effective in controlling access to and distribution of our applications and proprietary information. Further, these agreements do not prevent our competitors or partners from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our applications.
We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming, and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims, and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our failure to secure, protect, and enforce our intellectual property rights could have a serious adverse effect on our brand and business.
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We may be sued by third parties for alleged infringement of their proprietary rights.
There is considerable patent and other intellectual property development activity in our industry. Our competitors, as well as a number of other entities and individuals, may own or claim to own intellectual property relating to our industry. From time to time, third parties may claim that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to be infringing upon such rights. In the future, they may claim that our applications and underlying technology infringe or violate their intellectual property rights, even if we are unaware of the intellectual property rights that others may claim cover some or all of our technology or services. Any claims or litigation could cause us to incur significant expenses and, if successfully asserted against us, could require that we pay substantial damages or ongoing royalty payments, prevent us from offering our services, require us to change our products, technology, or business practices, or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms. We may also be obligated to indemnify our customers or business partners or pay substantial settlement costs, including royalty payments, in connection with any such claim or litigation and to obtain licenses, modify applications, or refund fees, which could be costly. Even if we were to prevail in such a dispute, any litigation regarding our intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations. Furthermore, from time to time we may introduce or acquire new products, including in areas where we historically have not competed, which could increase our exposure to patent and other intellectual property claims.
Some of our applications utilize open source software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these open source licenses could negatively affect our business.
Some of our applications include software covered by open source licenses, which may include, by way of example, GNU General Public License and the Apache License. The terms of various open source licenses have not been interpreted by United States courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market our applications. By the terms of certain open source licenses, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software, and to make our proprietary software available under open source licenses, if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner. In the event that portions of our proprietary software are determined to be impacted by an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, re-engineer all or a portion of our technologies, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our technologies and services. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Many of the risks associated with usage of open source software cannot be eliminated and could negatively affect our business.
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Catastrophic events may disrupt our business.
Our corporate headquarters are located in Pleasanton, California, and we have data centers located in the United States, Canada, and Europe. The west coast of the United States contains active earthquake zones and the southeast is subject to seasonal hurricanes. Additionally, we rely on our network and third-party infrastructure and enterprise applications, internal technology systems, and our website for our development, marketing, operational support, hosted services, and sales activities. We also rely on AWS’s, Dimension Data’s, and Microsoft Azure’s distributed computing infrastructure platforms that are located in a wide variety of regions. In the event of a major earthquake, hurricane, or other natural disaster or a catastrophic event such as fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, vandalism, civil unrest, cyber-attack, geopolitical instability, war, terrorist attack, pandemics or other public health emergencies (including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic), or the effects of climate change (such as drought, flooding, wildfires, increased storm severity, and sea level rise), we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, delays in our product development, lengthy interruptions in our services, breaches of data security, and loss of critical data, all of which could cause reputational harm or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.
We are subject to risks related to government contracts and related procurement regulations, which may adversely impact our business and operating results.
Our contracts with federal, state, local, and foreign government entities are subject to various procurement regulations and other requirements relating to their formation, administration and performance. We may be subject to audits and investigations relating to our government contracts, and any violations could result in various civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, refunding or suspending of payments, forfeiture of profits, payment of fines, and suspension or debarment from future government business. In addition, such contracts may provide for termination by the government at any time, without cause, and termination of any such contract may adversely impact our other existing or prospective government contracts. Any of these risks related to contracting with governmental entities could adversely impact our business and operating results.
We may discover weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, which may adversely affect investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and consequently the market price of our securities.
As a public company, we are required to design and maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and provide a management report on the internal controls over financial reporting, which must be attested to by our independent registered public accounting firm. If we have a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated.
The process of compiling the system and processing documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404 is challenging and costly. In the future, we may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing, and any required remediation in a timely fashion. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, if we are unable to assert that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our securities could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources. In addition, because we use Workday’s financial management application, any problems that we experience with financial reporting and compliance could be negatively perceived by prospective or current customers, and negatively impact demand for our applications.
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We may not be able to utilize a portion of our net operating loss or research tax credit carryforwards, which could adversely affect our profitability.
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards due to prior period losses. If not utilized, the pre-fiscal 2018 federal and the state net operating loss carryforwards expire in varying amounts between fiscal 2022, and 2041. The federal net operating losses generated in and after fiscal 2018 do not expire and may be carried forward indefinitely. We also have federal research tax credit carryforwards, which if not utilized will begin to expire in fiscal 2022. These net operating loss and research tax credit carryforwards could expire unused and be unavailable to reduce future income tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our profitability. In addition, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, such as research tax credits, in any taxable year may be limited if we experience an “ownership change.” A Section 382 “ownership change” generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of our stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. It is possible that an ownership change, or any future ownership change, could have a material effect on the use of our net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, which could adversely affect our profitability.
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Adverse tax laws or regulations could be enacted or existing laws could be applied to us or our customers, which could increase the costs of our services and adversely impact our business.
We operate and are subject to taxes in the United States and numerous other jurisdictions throughout the world. Changes to federal, state, local, or international tax laws on income, sales, use, indirect, or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances on multinational corporations are currently being considered by the United States and other countries where we do business. These contemplated legislative initiatives include, but are not limited to, changes to transfer pricing policies and definitional changes to permanent establishment that could be applied solely or disproportionately to services provided over the internet. These contemplated tax initiatives, if finalized and adopted by countries, may ultimately impact our effective tax rate and could adversely affect our sales activity resulting in a negative impact on our operating results and cash flows.
In addition, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified, or applied adversely to us (possibly with retroactive effect), which could require us to pay additional tax amounts, fines or penalties, and interest for past amounts. Existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances could also be interpreted, changed, modified, or applied adversely to our customers (possibly with retroactive effect), which could require our customers to pay additional tax amounts with respect to services we have provided, fines or penalties, and interest for past amounts. If we are unsuccessful in collecting such taxes from our customers, we could be held liable for such costs, thereby adversely impacting our operating results and cash flows. If our customers must pay additional fines or penalties, it could adversely affect demand for our services.
Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock
Our Chairman and co-CEO have control over key decision making as a result of their control of a majority of our voting stock.
As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, our co-founder and Chairman David Duffield, together with his affiliates, held voting rights with respect to approximately 50 million shares of Class B common stock and 0.30.2 million shares of Class A common stock. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, our co-founder and co-CEO Aneel Bhusri, together with his affiliates, held voting rights with respect to approximately 8 million shares of Class B common stock and 0.3 million shares of Class A common stock. In addition, Mr. Bhusri holds exercisable stock options to acquire approximately 0.2 million shares of Class B common stock and 0.1 million RSUs, which will be settled in an equivalent number of shares of Class A common stock. Further, Messrs. Duffield and Bhusri have entered into a voting agreement under which each has granted a voting proxy with respect to certain Class B common stock beneficially owned by him effective upon his death or incapacity as described in our registration statement on Form S-1 filed in connection with our initial public offering. Messrs. Duffield and Bhusri have each initially designated the other as their respective proxies. Accordingly, upon the death or incapacity of either Mr. Duffield or Mr. Bhusri, the other would individually continue to control the voting of shares subject to the voting proxy. Collectively, the shares described above represent a substantial majority of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. As a result, Messrs. Duffield and Bhusri have the ability to control the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and any merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, they have the ability to control the management and affairs of our company as a result of their positions as our Chairman and co-CEO, respectively, and their ability to control the election of our directors. Mr. Duffield, in his capacity as a board member, and Mr. Bhusri, in his capacity as a board member and officer, each owe a fiduciary duty to our stockholders and must act in good faith in a manner they reasonably believe to be in the best interests of our stockholders. As stockholders, even as controlling stockholders, they are entitled to vote their shares in their own interests, which may not always be in the interests of our stockholders generally.
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The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with our Chairman and co-CEO, and also with other executive officers, directors, and affiliates; this will limit or preclude the ability of non-affiliates to influence corporate matters.
Our Class B common stock has 10 votes per share and our Class A common stock, which is the stock that is publicly traded, has one vote per share. Stockholders who hold shares of Class B common stock, including our executive officers, directors, and other affiliates, together hold a substantial majority of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of JulyOctober 31, 2020. Because of the ten-to-one voting ratio between our Class B and Class A common stock, the holders of our Class B common stock collectively will continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock and therefore be able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval until the conversion of all shares of all Class A and Class B shares to a single class of common stock on the date that is the first to occur of (i) October 17, 2032, (ii) such time as the shares of Class B common stock represent less than 9% of the outstanding Class A and Class B common stock, (iii) nine months following the death of both Mr. Duffield and Mr. Bhusri, or (iv) the date on which the holders of a majority of the shares of Class B common stock elect to convert all shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock into a single class of common stock. This concentrated control will limit or preclude the ability of non-affiliates to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future.
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Future transfers by holders of Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting to Class A common stock, subject to limited exceptions, such as certain transfers effected for estate planning purposes. The conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B common stock who retain their shares in the long term. If, for example, our ChairmanMr. Duffield and CEOMr. Bhusri retain a significant portion of their holdings of Class B common stock for an extended period of time, they could, in the future, continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock.
Our stock price has been volatile in the past and may be subject to volatility in the future.
The trading price of our Class A common stock has been volatile historically and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors described below. These factors, as well as the volatility of our Class A common stock, could also impact the price of our convertible senior notes. Further, the trading price of our Class A common stock has fluctuated significantly and may continue to fluctuate as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated economic downturn. The extent to which, and for how long the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to impact the trading price of our Class A common stock is uncertain. Additional risk factors that may affect the trading price of our securities, some of which are beyond our control and further magnified by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, include:
•overall performance of the equity markets;
•fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us, such as high-growth or cloud companies, or in valuation metrics, such as our price to revenues ratio;
•guidance as to our operating results that we provide to the public, differences between our guidance and market expectations, our failure to meet our guidance, or changes in recommendations by securities analysts that follow our securities;
•announcements of technological innovations, new applications or enhancements to services, acquisitions, strategic alliances, or significant agreements by us or by our competitors;
•announcements of negative corporate developments by our competitors and other high-growth or cloud companies including, among other things, any announcements related to security incidents;
•disruptions in our services due to computer hardware, software, or network problems;
•announcements of customer additions and customer cancellations or delays in customer purchases;
•recruitment or departure of key personnel;
•the economy as a whole, political and regulatory uncertainty, and market conditions in our industry, and the industries of our customers;
•trading activity by directors, executive officers and significant stockholders, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell their shares;
•the exercise of rights held by certain of our stockholders, subject to some conditions, to require us to file registration statements covering their shares or to include their shares in registration statements that we may file for ourselves or our stockholders;
•the size of our market float and significant stock option exercises;
•any future issuances of securities;
•sales and purchases of any Class A common stock issued upon conversion of our convertible senior notes or in connection with the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions related to such convertible senior notes;
•our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies; and
•the sale or availability for sale of a large number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market.
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Additionally, the stock markets have at times experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and may in the future affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations have, in some cases, been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Further, the trading prices of publicly traded shares of companies in our industry have been particularly volatile and may be very volatile in the future.
In the past, some companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could harm our business.
We have substantial indebtedness which may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
In September 2017, we completed an offering of $1.15 billion of 0.25% convertible senior notes due October 1, 2022. As a result of this offering, we incurred $1.15 billion principal amount of indebtedness, which we may be required to pay at maturity in 2022, or upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture). In addition, in April 2020, we entered into a credit agreement that provided for a term loan in an aggregate original principal amount of $750 million and a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million. As of JulyOctober 31, 2020, there was $750$741 million outstanding under the term loan facility.
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We may incur substantial additional debt in the future, some of which may be secured debt. There can be no assurance that we will be able to repay this indebtedness when due, or that we will be able to refinance this indebtedness on acceptable terms or at all. Our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the 2022 Notes may be limited by law, regulatory authority, or agreements governing our future indebtedness and is dependent on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive, and other factors beyond our control. Any future debt may also contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon a conversion request or repurchase upon a fundamental change.
In addition, our indebtedness could, among other things:
•make it difficult for us to pay other obligations;
•make it difficult to obtain favorable terms for any necessary future financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, or other purposes;
•adversely affect our liquidity and result in a material adverse effect on our financial position upon repayment of the indebtedness;
•require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service and repay the indebtedness, reducing the amount of cash flow available for other purposes;
•limit our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business; and
•negatively impact our credit rating, which could affect our business.
Our credit agreement also imposes restrictions on us and requires us to maintain compliance with specified covenants, including a specific leverage ratio. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control. If we breach any of the covenants and do not obtain a waiver from the lenders, then, subject to applicable cure periods, any outstanding indebtedness may be declared immediately due and payable.
The convertible note hedge and warrant transactions may affect the value of our Class A common stock.
In connection with the sale of our convertible notes, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions with institutions that we refer to as the option counterparties. We also entered into warrant transactions with the option counterparties pursuant to which we sold warrants for the purchase of our Class A common stock. The convertible note hedge transactions are expected to offset the potential dilution to our Class A common stock upon any conversion of the convertible notes. The warrant transactions could separately have a dilutive effect to the extent that the market price per share of our Class A common stock exceeds the exercise price of the relevant warrants.
The option counterparties or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our Class A common stock and/or purchasing or selling our Class A common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions prior to the maturity of the convertible notes. This activity could suppress or inflate the market price of our Class A common stock.
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We will also be subject to the risk that these option counterparties may default under the convertible note hedge transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties will not be secured by any collateral. If one or more of the option counterparties to one or more of our convertible note hedge transactions becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at the time under those transactions. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, the increase in our exposure will be correlated to the increase in the market price of our Class A common stock during the related settlement period. In addition, upon a default by one of the option counterparties, we may suffer dilution with respect to our Class A common stock as well as adverse financial consequences.
Delaware law and provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the market price of our Class A common stock.
Our status as a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL,”DGCL”) may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our companyWorkday more difficult, including the following:
•any transaction that would result in a change in control of our company requires the approval of a majority of our outstanding Class B common stock voting as a separate class;
•our dual class common stock structure, which provides our co-founders with the ability to control the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval, even if they own significantly less than a majority of the shares of our outstanding Class A and Class B common stock;
•our board of directors is classified into three classes of directors with staggered three-year terms and directors are only able to be removed from office for cause;
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•when the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent less than a majority of the combined voting power of common stock:
◦certain amendments to our restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws will require the approval of two-thirds of the combined vote of our then-outstanding shares of Class A and Class B common stock;
◦our stockholders will only be able to take action at a meeting of stockholders and not by written consent; and
◦vacancies on our board of directors will be able to be filled only by our board of directors and not by stockholders;
•only our chairman of the board, co-chief executive officers, president, or a majority of our board of directors are authorized to call a special meeting of stockholders;
•certain litigation against us can only be brought in Delaware;
•we will have two classes of common stock until the date that is the first to occur of (i) October 17, 2032, (ii) such time as the shares of Class B common stock represent less than 9% of the outstanding Class A and Class B common stock, (iii) nine months following the death of both Mr. Duffield and Mr. Bhusri, or (iv) the date on which the holders of a majority of the shares of Class B common stock elect to convert all shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock into a single class of common stock;
•our restated certificate of incorporation authorizes undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established, and shares of which may be issued, without the approval of the holders of Class A common stock; and
•advance notice procedures apply for stockholders to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring matters before an annual meeting of stockholders.
In addition, Section 203 of the DGCL may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company. Section 203 imposes certain restrictions on mergers, business combinations and other transactions between us and holders of 15% or more of our common stock.
These anti-takeover defenses could discourage, delay, or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors of their choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions they desire, any of which, under certain circumstances, could depress the market price of our securities.
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The exclusive forum provision in our organizational documents may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims.
Our restated certificate of incorporation, to the fullest extent permitted by law, provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for: any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the DGCL, our restated certificate of incorporation, or our amended and restated bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce this exclusive forum provision with respect to claims under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”). If a court were to find the choice of forum provisions contained in our restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In April 2020, we amended and restated our bylaws to provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act (“Federal Forum Provision”). Our decision to adopt a Federal Forum Provision followed a decision by the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware holding that such provisions are facially valid under Delaware law. While there can be no assurance that federal or state courts will follow the holding of the Delaware Supreme Court or determine that the Federal Forum Provision should be enforced in a particular case, application of the Federal Forum Provision means that suits brought by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act must be brought in federal court and cannot be brought in state court.
In addition, neither the exclusive forum provision nor the Federal Forum Provision applies to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). Accordingly, actions by our stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder must be brought in federal court, and our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
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Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to our exclusive forum provisions, including the Federal Forum Provision. These provisions may limit a stockholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of their choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We have never declared nor paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, stockholders must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.
General Risk Factors
Adverse economic conditions may negatively impact our business.
Our business depends on the overall demand for enterprise software and on the economic health of our current and prospective customers. Any significant weakening of the economy in the United States or abroad, limited availability of credit, reduction in business confidence and activity, decreased government spending, or economic uncertainty, all of which are being impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and its effects such as unemployment, may continue to affect one or more of the sectors or countries in which we sell our applications. Alternatively, a strong dollar could reduce demand for our applications and services in countries with relatively weaker currencies.
Also, the withdrawal of the UK from the EU (“Brexit”) has created economic and political uncertainty, including volatility in the value of foreign currencies. The impact of Brexit depends on the terms of the UK’s future trade agreements with the EU and other countries and such impact may not be fully realized for several years or more. This uncertainty may cause some of our customers or potential customers to curtail spending and may ultimately result in new regulatory, operational, and cost challenges to our UK and global operations.
These adverse conditions could continue to result in reductions in sales of our applications, longer sales cycles, reductions in subscription duration and value, customer bankruptcies, slower adoption of new technologies, and increased price competition. Any of these events would likely have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial position.
Catastrophic events may disrupt our business.
Our corporate headquarters are located in Pleasanton, California, and we have data centers located in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia. The west coast of the United States contains active earthquake zones and the southeast is subject to seasonal hurricanes. Additionally, we rely on our network and third-party infrastructure and enterprise applications, internal technology systems, and our website for our development, marketing, operational support, hosted services, and sales activities. We also rely on AWS’s, Dimension Data’s, Microsoft Azure’s, and Google Public Cloud's distributed computing infrastructure platforms that are located in a wide variety of regions. In the event of a major earthquake, hurricane, or other natural disaster or a catastrophic event such as fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, vandalism, civil unrest, cyber-attack, geopolitical instability, war, terrorist attack, pandemics or other public health emergencies (including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic), or the effects of climate change (such as drought, flooding, wildfires, increased storm severity, and sea level rise), we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, delays in our product development, lengthy interruptions in our services, breaches of data security, and loss of critical data, all of which could cause reputational harm or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.
We may discover weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, which may adversely affect investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and consequently the market price of our securities.
As a public company, we are required to design and maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and provide a management report on the internal controls over financial reporting, which must be attested to by our independent registered public accounting firm. If we have a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated.

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The process of compiling the system and processing documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404 is challenging and costly. In the future, we may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing, and any required remediation in a timely fashion. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, if we are unable to assert that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our securities could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources. In addition, because we use Workday’s financial management application, any problems that we experience with financial reporting and compliance could be negatively perceived by prospective or current customers, and negatively impact demand for our applications.
If securities or industry analysts publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, or discontinue publishing research about our business, the price and trading volume of our securities could decline.
The trading market for our securities will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our Class A common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our securities would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our securities could decrease, which might cause the price and trading volume of our securities to decline.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We have never declared nor paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, stockholders must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.
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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
During the three months ended JulyOctober 31, 2020, we issued 1,654,3020.2 million shares of our unregistered Class A common stock to warrant holders of ourwho net exercised their warrants related to the 2020 Notes upon settlement of conversion of an aggregate principal amount of $250 million of such notes.Notes. This share amount represents the conversion valuenumber of warrants exercised multiplied by the difference between the exercise price of the 2020 Notes in excess of the principal amount of notes converted.warrants and their daily volume weighted-average stock price.
For further information regarding the above transactions, see Note 10, Debt, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These shares of our Class A common stock were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided byan exchange pursuant to Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The table below sets forth information regarding our purchases of our Class A common stock during We did not receive any proceeds from the three months ended July 31, 2020:
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsMaximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2020 - July 31, 2020 (1)
1,654,757$183.23 ——
(1)The shares purchased represent the exercise of the convertible note hedges relatingwarrant exercises, nor were they subject to the 2020 Notes. For further information, see Note 10, Debt, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.underwriting discounts or commissions.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The Exhibits listed below are filed as part of this Form 10-Q.
  Incorporation by Reference
Exhibit NumberFormFile NumberFiling DateExhibit NumberFiled Herewith
3.18-K 001-35680August 27, 20203.1
10.1X
31.1X
31.2X
31.3X
32.1X
32.2X
32.3X
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)X
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Schema Linkbase DocumentX
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase DocumentX
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase DocumentX
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase DocumentX
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase DocumentX
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)X
Incorporation by Reference
Exhibit NumberFormFile NumberFiling DateExhibit NumberFiled Herewith
10.1†X
31.1X
31.2X
31.3X
32.1X
32.2X
32.3X
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)X
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Schema Linkbase DocumentX
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase DocumentX
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase DocumentX
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase DocumentX
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase DocumentX
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)X
†Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: August 28,November 20, 2020
Workday, Inc.
/s/ Robynne D. Sisco
Robynne D. Sisco
President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
6769