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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
———————————————
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 20222023 
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to
Commission File No. 001-38469
————————————————
equitablelogoholdings02.jpg
Equitable Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
Delaware 90-0226248
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1290 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York                 10104
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(212) 554-1234
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common StockEQHNew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series AEQH PR ANew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series CEQH PR CNew York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes     No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an “emerging growth company”. See definition of “accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filerNon-accelerated filerSmaller reporting companyEmerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13 (a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  No
As of August 2, 2022, 375,622,5267, 2023, 347,351,250 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value, were outstanding.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
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Table of Contents
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INFORMATION
Certain of the statements included or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “expects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “seeks,” “aims,” “plans,” “assumes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “may,” “will,” “shall” or variations of such words are generally part of forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects upon Equitable Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”) and its consolidated subsidiaries. “We,” “us” and “our” refer to Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context refers only to Holdings as a corporate entity. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting Holdings will be those anticipated by management. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, all matters that are not historical facts.
These forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and there are certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ, possibly materially, from expectations or estimates reflected in such forward-looking statements, including, among others: (i) conditions in the financial markets and economy, including the impact of COVID-19plateauing or decreasing economic growth and geopolitical conflicts and related economic conditions, equity market declines and volatility, interest rate fluctuations, impacts on our goodwill and changes in liquidity and access to and cost of capital; (ii) operational factors, including reliance on the payment of dividends to Holdings by its subsidiaries, protection of confidential customer information or proprietary business information, operational failures by us or our service providers, potential strategic transactions, changes in accounting standards, and catastrophic events, such as the outbreak of pandemic diseases including COVID-19; (iii) credit, counterparties and investments, including counterparty default on derivative contracts, failure of financial institutions, defaults by third parties and affiliates and economic downturns, defaults and other events adversely affecting our investments; (iv) our reinsurance and hedging programs; (v) our products, structure and product distribution, including variable annuity guaranteed benefits features within certain of our products, variations in statutory capital requirements, financial strength and claims-paying ratings, state insurance laws limiting the ability of our insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends and key product distribution relationships; (vi) estimates, assumptions and valuations, including risk management policies and procedures, potential inadequacy of reserves and experience differing from pricing expectations, amortization of deferred acquisition costs and financial models; (vii) our Investment Management and Research segment, including fluctuations in assets under management and the industry-wide shift from actively-managed investment services to passive services; (viii) recruitment and retention of key employees and experienced and productive financial professionals; (ix) subjectivity of the determination of the amount of allowances and impairments taken on our investments; (x) legal and regulatory risks, including federal and state legislation affecting financial institutions, insurance regulation and tax reform; (ix)(xi) risks related to our common stock and (x)(xii) general risks, including strong industry competition, information systems failing or being compromised and protecting our intellectual property.
Forward-looking statements should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements, risks, uncertainties and other factors identified in Holdings’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, as amended or supplemented in our subsequently filed (i) Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 17, 2023 (the “Recast 2022 Annual Report”), (ii) Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, including in the section entitled “Risk Factors,” and (iii) elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should read this Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that actual future results may be materially different from expectations. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as otherwise may be required by law.
Other risks, uncertainties and factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors”,Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make. Readers should read carefully the factors described in “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K to better understand the risks and uncertainties inherent in our business and underlying any forward-looking statements.
Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q we use certain defined terms and abbreviations, which are summarized in the “Glossary” and “Acronyms” sections.
2

Table of Contents
Part I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements

3

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
June 30, 2022 2023 (Unaudited) and December 31, 20212022
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions, except share data)(in millions, except share data)
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Investments:Investments:Investments:
Fixed maturities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $74,238 and $73,429) (allowance for credit losses of $19 and $22)$67,254 $78,216 
Fixed maturities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $73,994 and $72,991) (allowance for credit losses of $2 and $24)Fixed maturities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $73,994 and $72,991) (allowance for credit losses of $2 and $24)$65,351 $63,361 
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option (1)Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option (1)1,562 1,641 Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option (1)1,574 1,508 
Mortgage loans on real estate (net of allowance for credit losses of $64 and $62) (1)14,480 14,033 
Mortgage loans on real estate (net of allowance for credit losses of $145 and $129) (1)Mortgage loans on real estate (net of allowance for credit losses of $145 and $129) (1)17,364 16,481 
Policy loansPolicy loans4,020 4,024 Policy loans4,061 4,033 
Other equity investments (1)Other equity investments (1)3,202 2,975 Other equity investments (1)3,264 3,152 
Trading securities, at fair valueTrading securities, at fair value538 631 Trading securities, at fair value873 677 
Other invested assets (1)Other invested assets (1)2,160 3,591 Other invested assets (1)5,235 3,885 
Total investmentsTotal investments93,216 105,111 Total investments97,722 93,097 
Cash and cash equivalents (1)Cash and cash equivalents (1)5,109 5,188 Cash and cash equivalents (1)7,693 4,281 
Cash and securities segregated, at fair valueCash and securities segregated, at fair value1,747 1,504 Cash and securities segregated, at fair value879 1,522 
Broker-dealer related receivablesBroker-dealer related receivables2,666 2,599 Broker-dealer related receivables2,053 2,338 
Deferred policy acquisition costsDeferred policy acquisition costs7,541 5,491 Deferred policy acquisition costs6,512 6,369 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, netGoodwill and other intangible assets, net4,721 4,728 Goodwill and other intangible assets, net5,463 5,482 
Amounts due from reinsurers (allowance for credit losses of $6 and $5) (includes amounts accounted for at fair value of $4,681 and $5,813) (3)13,758 14,679 
Amounts due from reinsurers (allowance for credit losses of $7 and $10)Amounts due from reinsurers (allowance for credit losses of $7 and $10)8,395 8,471 
GMIB reinsurance contract asset, at fair value1,498 1,848 
Current and deferred income taxesCurrent and deferred income taxes1,674 195 Current and deferred income taxes1,726 781 
Purchased market risk benefitsPurchased market risk benefits9,931 10,423 
Other assets (1)Other assets (1)4,787 3,613 Other assets (1)3,391 4,033 
Assets held-for-saleAssets held-for-sale566 562 
Assets for market risk benefitsAssets for market risk benefits777 490 
Separate Accounts assetsSeparate Accounts assets116,765 147,306 Separate Accounts assets123,898 114,853 
Total AssetsTotal Assets$253,482 $292,262 Total Assets$269,006 $252,702 
LIABILITIESLIABILITIESLIABILITIES
Policyholders’ account balancesPolicyholders’ account balances$78,766 $79,357 Policyholders’ account balances$91,595 $83,866 
Liability for market risk benefitsLiability for market risk benefits13,642 15,766 
Future policy benefits and other policyholders' liabilitiesFuture policy benefits and other policyholders' liabilities34,717 36,717 Future policy benefits and other policyholders' liabilities16,786 16,603 
Broker-dealer related payablesBroker-dealer related payables612 1,283 Broker-dealer related payables1,522 715 
Customer related payablesCustomer related payables3,821 3,600 Customer related payables2,526 3,323 
Amounts due to reinsurersAmounts due to reinsurers1,353 1,381 Amounts due to reinsurers1,404 1,533 
Short-term and long-term debt4,085 3,931 
Short-term debtShort-term debt 759 
Long-term debtLong-term debt3,819 3,322 
Notes issued by consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value using the fair value option (1)Notes issued by consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value using the fair value option (1)1,150 1,191 Notes issued by consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value using the fair value option (1)1,484 1,150 
Other liabilities (1)Other liabilities (1)4,866 3,933 Other liabilities (1)6,410 7,108 
Liabilities held-for-saleLiabilities held-for-sale129 108 
Separate Accounts liabilitiesSeparate Accounts liabilities116,765 147,306 Separate Accounts liabilities123,898 114,853 
Total LiabilitiesTotal Liabilities$246,135 $278,699 Total Liabilities$263,215 $249,106 
Redeemable noncontrolling interest (1) (2)Redeemable noncontrolling interest (1) (2)$348 $468 Redeemable noncontrolling interest (1) (2)$531 $455 
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 12)00
Commitments and contingent liabilities (3)Commitments and contingent liabilities (3)
EQUITYEQUITYEQUITY
Equity attributable to Holdings:Equity attributable to Holdings:Equity attributable to Holdings:
Preferred stock and additional paid-in capital, $1 par value and $25,000 liquidation preferencePreferred stock and additional paid-in capital, $1 par value and $25,000 liquidation preference$1,562 $1,562 Preferred stock and additional paid-in capital, $1 par value and $25,000 liquidation preference$1,562 $1,562 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000,000,000 shares authorized; 512,621,318 and 520,918,331 shares issued, respectively; 376,922,387 and 391,290,224 shares outstanding, respectively4 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000,000,000 shares authorized; 500,292,963 and 508,418,442 shares issued, respectively; 350,240,160 and 365,081,940 shares outstanding, respectivelyCommon stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000,000,000 shares authorized; 500,292,963 and 508,418,442 shares issued, respectively; 350,240,160 and 365,081,940 shares outstanding, respectively4 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital1,918 1,919 Additional paid-in capital2,297 2,299 
Treasury stock, at cost, 135,698,931 and 129,628,107 shares, respectively(3,065)(2,850)
Treasury stock, at cost, 150,083,983 and 143,336,502 shares, respectivelyTreasury stock, at cost, 150,083,983 and 143,336,502 shares, respectively(3,493)(3,297)
Retained earningsRetained earnings10,718 8,880 Retained earnings10,325 9,825 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(5,548)2,004 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(7,142)(8,992)
Total equity attributable to HoldingsTotal equity attributable to Holdings5,589 11,519 Total equity attributable to Holdings3,553 1,401 
Noncontrolling interestNoncontrolling interest1,410 1,576 Noncontrolling interest1,707 1,740 
Total EquityTotal Equity6,999 13,095 Total Equity5,260 3,141 
Total Liabilities, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and EquityTotal Liabilities, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Equity$253,482 $292,262 Total Liabilities, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Equity$269,006 $252,702 
____________
(1)    See Note 2 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements for details of balances with VIEs.
(2)    See Note 1115 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements for details of redeemable noncontrolling interest.
(3)    Represents the fair value of the ceded reserves to Venerable. See Note 116 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements for details of commitments and contingent liabilities.
Prior period amounts have been adjusted for the Venerable Transaction and Note 8implementation of ASU 2018-12: Targeted Improvements to the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements .Accounting for Long Duration Contracts.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
4

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)
Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022 (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions, except per share data)(in millions, except per share data)
REVENUESREVENUESREVENUES
Policy charges and fee incomePolicy charges and fee income$813 $939 $1,653 $1,888 Policy charges and fee income$594 $620 $1,182 $1,270 
PremiumsPremiums238 241 485 499 Premiums280 238 556 485 
Net derivative gains (losses)Net derivative gains (losses)2,229 (1,199)3,050 (3,745)Net derivative gains (losses)(917)1,858 (1,758)2,017 
Net investment income (loss)Net investment income (loss)711 1,033 1,515 1,917 Net investment income (loss)1,036 711 2,026 1,515 
Investment gains (losses), net:Investment gains (losses), net:Investment gains (losses), net:
Credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and loans(9)1 
Credit and intent to sell losses on available for sale debt securities and loansCredit and intent to sell losses on available for sale debt securities and loans(14)(9)(80)
Other investment gains (losses), netOther investment gains (losses), net(223)415 (559)598 Other investment gains (losses), net(42)(223)(63)(559)
Total investment gains (losses), netTotal investment gains (losses), net(232)420 (558)604 Total investment gains (losses), net(56)(232)(143)(558)
Investment management and service feesInvestment management and service fees1,197 1,318 2,552 2,575 Investment management and service fees1,182 1,197 2,362 2,552 
Other incomeOther income212 198 415 365 Other income258 298 509 555 
Total revenuesTotal revenues5,168 2,950 9,112 4,103 Total revenues2,377 4,690 4,734 7,836 
BENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS
Policyholders’ benefitsPolicyholders’ benefits914 828 1,974 1,767 Policyholders’ benefits684 589 1,414 1,391 
Remeasurement of liability for future policy benefitsRemeasurement of liability for future policy benefits(7)12 (3)34 
Change in market risk benefits and purchased market risk benefitsChange in market risk benefits and purchased market risk benefits(975)814 (955)347 
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesInterest credited to policyholders’ account balances309 309 624 600 Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances501 310 964 623 
Compensation and benefitsCompensation and benefits518 568 1,113 1,148 Compensation and benefits566 518 1,149 1,114 
Commissions and distribution-related paymentsCommissions and distribution-related payments394 397 816 779 Commissions and distribution-related payments393 394 773 816 
Interest expenseInterest expense50 51 97 125 Interest expense55 50 116 97 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costsAmortization of deferred policy acquisition costs160 106 341 193 Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs155 145 307 288 
Other operating costs and expensesOther operating costs and expenses583 447 1,120 1,055 Other operating costs and expenses466 583 889 1,117 
Total benefits and other deductionsTotal benefits and other deductions2,928 2,706 6,085 5,667 Total benefits and other deductions1,838 3,415 4,654 5,827 
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income taxesIncome (loss) from continuing operations, before income taxes2,240 244 3,027 (1,564)Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income taxes539 1,275 80 2,009 
Income tax (expense) benefitIncome tax (expense) benefit(467)(21)(615)387 Income tax (expense) benefit292 (264)1,017 (401)
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)1,773 223 2,412 (1,177)Net income (loss)831 1,011 1,097 1,608 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest45 100 111 188 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest (1)Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest (1)72 44 161 111 
Net income (loss) attributable to HoldingsNet income (loss) attributable to Holdings$1,728 $123 $2,301 $(1,365)Net income (loss) attributable to Holdings759 967 936 1,497 
Less: Preferred stock dividendsLess: Preferred stock dividends26 26 40 39 Less: Preferred stock dividends26 26 40 40 
Net income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholdersNet income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholders$1,702 $97 $2,261 $(1,404)Net income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholders$733 $941 $896 $1,457 
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHAREEARNINGS PER COMMON SHAREEARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Net income (loss) applicable to Holdings’ common shareholders per common share:Net income (loss) applicable to Holdings’ common shareholders per common share:Net income (loss) applicable to Holdings’ common shareholders per common share:
BasicBasic$4.49 $0.23 $5.89 $(3.27)Basic$2.06 $2.48 $2.50 $3.80 
DilutedDiluted$4.47 $0.23 $5.86 $(3.27)Diluted$2.06 $2.47 $2.49 $3.77 
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions):Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions):Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions):
BasicBasic378.9 424.2 383.7 429.2 Basic355.2 378.9 358.5 383.7 
DilutedDiluted380.6 428.3 386.1 429.2 Diluted356.1 380.6 360.0 386.1 

____________

(1)    Includes redeemable noncontrolling interest. See Note 15 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements for details of redeemable noncontrolling interest.
Prior period amounts have been adjusted for the implementation of ASU 2018-12: Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long Duration Contracts.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
5


EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022 (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Net income (loss)$1,773 $223 $2,412 $(1,177)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of income taxes:
Change in unrealized gains (losses), net of reclassification adjustment(3,742)1,220 (7,568)(1,933)
Changes in defined benefit plan related items not yet recognized in periodic benefit cost, net of reclassification adjustment2 22 45 55 
Foreign currency translation adjustment(33)(45)(4)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes(3,773)1,244 (7,568)(1,882)
Comprehensive income (loss)(2,000)1,467 (5,156)(3,059)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest33 101 95 186 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Holdings$(2,033)$1,366 $(5,251)$(3,245)

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Net income (loss)$831 $1,011 $1,097 $1,608 
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of income taxes:
Change in unrealized gains (losses), net of reclassification adjustment(624)(4,353)1,002 (9,030)
Change in market risk benefits - instrument-specific credit risk(87)1,126 851 2,699 
Change in liability for future policy benefits - current discount rate74 385 (38)847 
Change in defined benefit plan related items not yet recognized in periodic benefit cost, net of reclassification adjustment9 29 45 
Foreign currency translation adjustment5 (33)11 (45)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes(623)(2,873)1,855 (5,484)
Comprehensive income (loss)208 (1,862)2,952 (3,876)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest75 32 166 95 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Holdings$133 $(1,894)$2,786 $(3,971)

Prior period amounts have been adjusted for the implementation of ASU 2018-12: Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long Duration Contracts.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
6


EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Equity
For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022 (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,
Equity Attributable to HoldingsEquity Attributable to Holdings
Preferred Stock and Additional Paid-In CapitalCommon StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalTreasury StockRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total Holdings EquityNon-controlling InterestTotal EquityPreferred Stock and Additional Paid-In CapitalCommon StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalTreasury StockRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total Holdings EquityNon-controlling InterestTotal Equity
(in millions)(in millions)
April 1, 2022$1,562 $4 $1,933 $(3,070)$9,312 $(1,787)$7,954 $1,529 $9,483 
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$1,562 $4 $2,298 $(3,400)$9,806 $(6,516)$3,754 $1,717 $5,471 
Stock compensationStock compensation  16 5   21 8 29 Stock compensation  15 (2)  13 8 21 
Purchase of treasury stockPurchase of treasury stock   (220)  (220) (220)Purchase of treasury stock   (226)  (226) (226)
Reissuance of treasury stockReissuance of treasury stock    (5) (5) (5)Reissuance of treasury stock    (2) (2) (2)
Retirement of common stockRetirement of common stock   220 (220)    Retirement of common stock   135 (135)    
Repurchase of AB Holding unitsRepurchase of AB Holding units       (93)(93)Repurchase of AB Holding units       (1)(1)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interestDividends paid to noncontrolling interest       (100)(100)Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest       (85)(85)
Dividends on common stock (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.20)    (75) (75) (75)
Dividends on common stock (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.22)Dividends on common stock (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.22)    (78) (78) (78)
Issuance of preferred stockIssuance of preferred stock         Issuance of preferred stock         
Dividends on preferred stockDividends on preferred stock    (26) (26) (26)Dividends on preferred stock    (26) (26) (26)
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)    1,728  1,728 74 1,802 Net income (loss)    759  759 67 826 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)     (3,761)(3,761)(12)(3,773)Other comprehensive income (loss)     (626)(626)3 (623)
OtherOther  (31) 4  (27)4 (23)Other  (16) 1  (15)(2)(17)
June 30, 2022$1,562 $4 $1,918 $(3,065)$10,718 $(5,548)$5,589 $1,410 $6,999 
June 30, 2023June 30, 2023$1,562 $4 $2,297 $(3,493)$10,325 $(7,142)$3,553 $1,707 $5,260 

April 1, 2021$1,562 $$1,928 $(2,300)$8,758 $740 $10,693 $1,575 $12,268 
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$1,562 $$1,933 $(3,070)$8,802 $(1,304)$7,927 $1,529 $9,456 
Stock compensationStock compensation— — 12 — — 14 18 Stock compensation— — 16 — — 21 29 
Purchase of treasury stockPurchase of treasury stock— — (1)(278)— — (279)— (279)Purchase of treasury stock— — (220)— — (220)— (220)
Reissuance of treasury stockReissuance of treasury stock— — — — (1)— (1)— (1)Reissuance of treasury stock— — — — (5)— (5)— (5)
Retirement of common stockRetirement of common stock— — — 39 (39)— — — — Retirement of common stock— — — 220 (220)— — — — 
Repurchase of AB Holding unitsRepurchase of AB Holding units— — — — — — — (14)(14)Repurchase of AB Holding units— — — — — — — (93)(93)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interestDividends paid to noncontrolling interest— — — — — — — (87)(87)Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest— — — — — — — (100)(100)
Stockholder dividends (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.18)— — — — (76)— (76)— (76)
Dividends on common stock (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.20)Dividends on common stock (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.20)— — — — (75)— (75)— (75)
Dividends on preferred stockDividends on preferred stock— — — — (26)— (26)— (26)Dividends on preferred stock— — — — (26)— (26)— (26)
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)— — — — 123 — 123 96 219 Net income (loss)— — — — 967 — 967 74 1,041 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — 1,243 1,243 1,244 Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — (2,861)(2,861)(12)(2,873)
OtherOther— — 41 — — — 41 (3)38 Other— — (31)— — (27)(23)
June 30, 2021$1,562 $$1,980 $(2,537)$8,739 $1,983 $11,732 $1,572 $13,304 
June 30, 2022June 30, 2022$1,562 $$1,918 $(3,065)$9,447 $(4,165)$5,701 $1,410 $7,111 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
7


EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Equity
For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022 (Unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
Equity Attributable to HoldingsEquity Attributable to Holdings
Preferred Stock and Additional Paid-In CapitalCommon StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalTreasury StockRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total Holdings EquityNon-controlling InterestTotal EquityPreferred Stock and Additional Paid-In CapitalCommon StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalTreasury StockRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total Holdings EquityNon-controlling InterestTotal Equity
(in millions)(in millions)
January 1, 2022$1,562 $4 $1,919 $(2,850)$8,880 $2,004 $11,519 $1,576 $13,095 
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$1,562 $4 $2,299 $(3,297)$9,825 $(8,992)$1,401 $1,740 $3,141 
Stock compensationStock compensation  35 36   71 27 98 Stock compensation  26 22   48 15 63 
Purchase of treasury stockPurchase of treasury stock  (5)(493)  (498) (498)Purchase of treasury stock  (3)(437)  (440) (440)
Reissuance of treasury stockReissuance of treasury stock    (36) (36) (36)Reissuance of treasury stock    (27) (27) (27)
Retirement of common stockRetirement of common stock   242 (242)    Retirement of common stock   219 (219)    
Repurchase of AB Holding unitsRepurchase of AB Holding units       (107)(107)Repurchase of AB Holding units       (19)(19)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interestDividends paid to noncontrolling interest       (239)(239)Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest       (174)(174)
Dividends on common stock (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.38)    (145) (145) (145)
Dividends on common stock (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.42)Dividends on common stock (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.42)    (150) (150) (150)
Dividends on preferred stockDividends on preferred stock    (40) (40) (40)Dividends on preferred stock    (40) (40) (40)
Issuance of preferred stock         
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)    2,301  2,301 167 2,468 Net income (loss)    936  936 143 1,079 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)     (7,552)(7,552)(16)(7,568)Other comprehensive income (loss)     1,850 1,850 5 1,855 
OtherOther  (31)   (31)2 (29)Other  (25)   (25)(3)(28)
June 30, 2022$1,562 $4 $1,918 $(3,065)$10,718 $(5,548)$5,589 $1,410 $6,999 
June 30, 2023June 30, 2023$1,562 $4 $2,297 $(3,493)$10,325 $(7,142)$3,553 $1,707 $5,260 
January 1, 2021$1,269 $$1,985 $(2,245)$10,699 $3,863 $15,576 $1,601 $17,177 
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$1,562 $$1,919 $(2,850)$8,413 $1,303 $10,351 $1,576 $11,927 
Stock compensationStock compensation— — 31 47 — — 78 11 89 Stock compensation— — 35 36 — — 71 27 98 
Purchase of treasury stockPurchase of treasury stock— — (11)(698)— — (709)— (709)Purchase of treasury stock— — (5)(493)— — (498)— (498)
Reissuance of treasury stockReissuance of treasury stock— — — — (47)— (47)— (47)Reissuance of treasury stock— — — — (36)— (36)— (36)
Retirement of common stockRetirement of common stock— — — 359 (359)— — — — Retirement of common stock— — — 242 (242)— — — — 
Repurchase of AB Holding unitsRepurchase of AB Holding units— — — — — — — (27)(27)Repurchase of AB Holding units— — — — — — — (107)(107)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interestDividends paid to noncontrolling interest— — — — — — — (195)(195)Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest— — — — — — — (239)(239)
Dividends on common stock (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.35)— — — — (150)— (150)— (150)
Dividends on common stock (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.38)Dividends on common stock (cash dividends declared per common share of $0.38)— — — — (145)— (145)— (145)
Dividends on preferred stockDividends on preferred stock— — — — (39)— (39)— (39)Dividends on preferred stock— — — — (40)— (40)— (40)
Issuance of preferred stock293 — — — — — 293 — 293 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)— — — — (1,365)— (1,365)184 (1,181)Net income (loss)— — — — 1,497 — 1,497 167 1,664 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — (1,880)(1,880)(2)(1,882)Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — (5,468)(5,468)(16)(5,484)
OtherOther— — (25)— — — (25)(25)Other— — (31)— — — (31)(29)
June 30, 2021$1,562 $$1,980 $(2,537)$8,739 $1,983 $11,732 $1,572 $13,304 
June 30, 2022June 30, 2022$1,562 $$1,918 $(3,065)$9,447 $(4,165)$5,701 $1,410 $7,111 


Prior period amounts have been adjusted for the implementation of ASU 2018-12: Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long Duration Contracts.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
8

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)





Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120232022
(in millions)(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$2,412 $(1,177)Net income (loss)$1,097 $1,608 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesInterest credited to policyholders’ account balances624 600 Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances964 623 
Policy charges and fee incomePolicy charges and fee income(1,653)(1,888)Policy charges and fee income(1,182)(1,270)
Net derivative (gains) lossesNet derivative (gains) losses(3,050)3,745 Net derivative (gains) losses1,758 (2,017)
Credit losses on AFS debt securities and loans(1)(6)
Credit and intent to sell losses on available for sale debt securities and loansCredit and intent to sell losses on available for sale debt securities and loans80 (1)
Investment (gains) losses, netInvestment (gains) losses, net559 (596)Investment (gains) losses, net63 559 
(Gains) losses on businesses HFS (2)
(Gains) losses on businesses held-for-sale(Gains) losses on businesses held-for-sale2 — 
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses on trading securitiesRealized and unrealized (gains) losses on trading securities196 33 Realized and unrealized (gains) losses on trading securities(44)196 
Non-cash long-term incentive compensation expenseNon-cash long-term incentive compensation expense62 65 Non-cash long-term incentive compensation expense41 62 
Amortization and depreciationAmortization and depreciation371 248 Amortization and depreciation380 178 
Remeasurement of liability for future policy benefitsRemeasurement of liability for future policy benefits(3)34 
Change in market risk benefitsChange in market risk benefits(955)347 
Equity (income) loss from limited partnershipsEquity (income) loss from limited partnerships(106)(217)Equity (income) loss from limited partnerships(61)(106)
Changes in:Changes in:Changes in:
Net broker-dealer and customer related receivables/payablesNet broker-dealer and customer related receivables/payables183 (724)Net broker-dealer and customer related receivables/payables(686)183 
Reinsurance recoverable (1)(637)(696)
Reinsurance recoverableReinsurance recoverable(801)(263)
Segregated cash and securities, netSegregated cash and securities, net(243)680 Segregated cash and securities, net643 (243)
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costsCapitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs(429)(406)Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs(450)(429)
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits327 35 Future policy benefits40 (349)
Current and deferred income taxesCurrent and deferred income taxes523 (678)Current and deferred income taxes(1,177)309 
Other, netOther, net38 389 Other, net65 39 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(824)$(595)Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(226)$(540)
Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from the sale/maturity/prepayment of:
Proceeds from the sale/maturity/pre-payment of:Proceeds from the sale/maturity/pre-payment of:
Fixed maturities, available-for-saleFixed maturities, available-for-sale$12,532 $20,638 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$4,790 $12,532 
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value optionFixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option345 410 Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option239 345 
Mortgage loans on real estateMortgage loans on real estate713 543 Mortgage loans on real estate236 713 
Trading account securitiesTrading account securities93 4,637 Trading account securities480 93 
Short term investmentsShort term investments106 81 Short term investments2,402 106 
OtherOther296 1,053 Other463 296 
Payment for the purchase/origination of:Payment for the purchase/origination of:Payment for the purchase/origination of:
Fixed maturities, available-for-saleFixed maturities, available-for-sale(13,977)(26,519)Fixed maturities, available-for-sale(5,878)(13,977)
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value optionFixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option(344)(724)Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option(309)(344)
Mortgage loans on real estateMortgage loans on real estate(1,175)(741)Mortgage loans on real estate(1,114)(1,175)
Trading account securitiesTrading account securities(87)(145)Trading account securities(660)(87)
Short term investmentsShort term investments(325)(5)Short term investments(2,218)(325)
OtherOther(786)(1,679)Other(388)(786)
Cash from the sale of business, net of cash sold 215 
Cash settlements related to derivative instruments, netCash settlements related to derivative instruments, net666 (6,100)Cash settlements related to derivative instruments, net(655)666 
Investment in capitalized software, leasehold improvements and EDP equipment(19)(52)
Other, net214 97 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities$(1,748)$(8,291)



See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
9

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30,
20232022
(in millions)
Investment in capitalized software, leasehold improvements and EDP equipment(57)(19)
Other, net152 214 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities$(2,517)$(1,748)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Policyholders’ account balances:
Deposits$9,060 $7,214 
Withdrawals(4,830)(3,056)
Transfers (to) from Separate Accounts647 857 
Payments of market risk benefits(375)(284)
Change in short-term financings(759)153 
Change in collateralized pledged assets(45)65 
Change in collateralized pledged liabilities2,282 (1,529)
(Decrease) increase in overdrafts payable (14)
Issuance of long-term debt496 — 
Proceeds from collateralized loan obligations40 — 
Proceeds from notes issued by consolidated VIEs362 (43)
Dividends paid on common stock(150)(145)
Dividends paid on preferred stock(40)(40)
Purchases of AB Holding Units to fund long-term incentive compensation plan awards(19)(107)
Purchase of treasury shares(440)(499)
Purchases (redemptions) of noncontrolling interests of consolidated
company-sponsored investment funds
63 (61)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest of consolidated subsidiaries(174)(238)
Changes in securities lending payable29 — 
Other, net(4)(12)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities$6,143 $2,261 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents$16 $(52)
Change in cash and cash equivalents3,416 (79)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period4,281 5,188 
Change in cash of businesses held-for-sale(4)— 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$7,693 $5,109 
Non-cash transactions from investing and financing activities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations$31 $34 





Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021
(in millions)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Policyholders’ account balances:
Deposits$7,214 $9,989 
Withdrawals(3,056)(3,118)
Transfers (to) from Separate Accounts857 957 
Change in short-term financings153 82 
Change in collateralized pledged assets65 67 
Change in collateralized pledged liabilities(1,529)1,267 
(Decrease) increase in overdrafts payable(14)
Repayment of long-term debt (280)
Proceeds from notes issued by consolidated VIEs(43)433 
Dividends paid on common stock(145)(150)
Dividends paid on preferred stock(40)(39)
Issuance of preferred stock 293 
Purchases of AB Holding Units to fund long-term incentive compensation plan awards(107)(75)
Purchase of treasury shares(499)(709)
Purchases (redemptions) of noncontrolling interests of consolidated
company-sponsored investment funds
(61)(79)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest of consolidated subsidiaries(238)(195)
Other, net(12)(22)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities$2,545 $8,430 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents$(52)$(1)
Change in cash and cash equivalents(79)(457)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year5,188 6,179 
Change in cash of businesses held-for-sale 39 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year$5,109 $5,761 
Non-cash transactions from investing and financing activities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations$34 $45 
Transfer of assets to reinsurer$ $(9,023)
_______________
(1) Amount includes cash paidPrior period amounts have been adjusted for Venerable Transactionthe implementation of $494 million . SeeASU 2018-12: Targeted Improvements to the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounting for Long Duration Contracts.



See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
10

Table of Contents
EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1)    ORGANIZATION
Equitable Holdings, Inc. is the holding company for a diversified financial services organization. The Company conducts operations in 4six segments: Individual Retirement, Group Retirement, Investment Management and Research, Protection Solutions, Wealth Management and Protection Solutions.Legacy. The Company’s management evaluates the performance of each of these segments independently. See Note 17 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the change to the reportable segments in the first quarter of 2023, which was retrospectively applied.
The Individual Retirement segment offers a diverse suite of variable annuity products which are primarily sold to affluent and high net worth individuals saving for retirement or seeking retirement income.
The Group Retirement segment offers tax-deferred investment and retirement services or products to plans sponsored by educational entities, municipalities and not-for-profit entities, as well as small and medium-sized businesses.
The Investment Management and Research segment provides diversified investment management, research and related solutions globally to a broad range of clients through three main client channels - Institutional, Retail and Private Wealth - and distributes its institutional research products and solutions through Bernstein Research Services. The Investment Management and Research segment reflects the business of AB Holding and ABLP and their subsidiaries (collectively, AB).
The Protection Solutions segment includes the Company’s life insurance and group employee benefits businesses. The life insurance business offers a variety of VUL, IUL and term life products to help affluent and high net worth individuals, as well as small and medium-sized business owners, with their wealth protection, wealth transfer and corporate needs. Our group employee benefits business offers a suite of life, short- and long-term disability, dental and vision insurance products to small and medium-size businesses across the United States.
The Wealth Management segment is an emerging leader in the wealth management space with a differentiated advice value proposition that offers discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory accounts, financial planning and advice, life insurance, and annuity products. In 2023, we began reporting this business separately from our Individual Retirement, Group Retirement and Protection Solutions segments as well as Corporate and Other.
The Legacy segment consists of our capital intensive fixed-rate GMxB business written prior to 2011. In 2023, we began reporting this business separately from our Individual Retirement business.
The Company reports certain activities and items that are not included in our segments in Corporate and Other. Corporate and Other includes certain of our financing and investment expenses. It also includes: Equitable Advisors broker-dealer business, closed block of life insurance (the “Closed Block”), run-off variable annuity reinsurance business, run-off group pension business, run-off health business, benefit plans for our employees, certain strategic investments and certain unallocated items, including capital and related investments, interest expense and corporate expense. AB’s results of operations are reflected in the Investment Management and Research segment. Accordingly, Corporate and Other does not include any items applicable to AB.
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022, the Company’s economic interest in AB was approximately 65% as of both dates.61%. The General Partner of AB is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Because the General Partner has the authority to manage and control the business of AB, AB is consolidated in the Company’s financial statements for all periods presented.
On June 1, 2021, Holdings completed the sale (the “Venerable Transaction”) of CS Life, to Venerable Insurance and Annuity Company, an insurance company domiciled in Iowa (“VIAC”), pursuant to the Master Transaction Agreement, dated October 27, 2020 (the “Master Transaction Agreement”), among the Company, VIAC and, solely with respect to Article XIV thereof, Venerable Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Venerable”).
Pursuant to the Master Transaction Agreement, immediately prior to the closing of the Venerable Transaction, CS Life effected the recapture of all of the business that was ceded to CS Life Re Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of CS Life (“Reinsurance Subsidiary”), and sold 100% of the equity of the Reinsurance Subsidiary to another wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
VIAC paid the Company a cash purchase price of $215 million for CS Life at closing. The post-closing true-up adjustment was immaterial. VIAC also issued a surplus note in aggregate principal amount of $60 million, to Equitable Financial Life Insurance Company, a New York-domiciled life insurance company and a wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings, for cash consideration.
Immediately following the closing of the Venerable Transaction, CS Life and Equitable Financial entered into a coinsurance and modified coinsurance agreement (the “Reinsurance Agreement”), pursuant to which Equitable Financial ceded to CS Life, on a combined coinsurance and modified coinsurance basis, legacy variable annuity policies sold by Equitable Financial between 2006-2008 (the “Block”), comprised of non-New York “Accumulator” policies containing fixed rate Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit and/or Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit
11

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

guarantees. At the closing of the Transaction, CS Life deposited assets supporting the general account liabilities relating to the Block into a trust account for the benefit of Equitable Financial, which assets will secure its obligations to Equitable Financial under the Reinsurance Agreement. At the closing of the Transaction, AllianceBernstein L.P., a subsidiary of the Company (“AB”), entered into an investment advisory agreement with CS Life pursuant to which AB will serve as the preferred investment manager of the general account assets transferred to the trust account. The Company transferred assets of $9.5 billion, including primarily available for sale securities and cash, to a collateral trust account as the consideration for the reinsurance transaction. In addition, the Company recorded $9.6 billion of direct insurance liabilities ceded under the reinsurance contract, of which $5.3 billion is accounted at fair value, as the reinsurance of GMxB with no lapse guarantee riders are embedded derivatives. Additionally, $16.9 billion of Separate Account liabilities were ceded under a modified coinsurance portion of the agreement.
In addition, upon the completion of the Venerable Transaction, EIMG acquired an approximate 9.09% equity interest in Venerable’s parent holding company, VA Capital Company LLC. In connection with such investment, EIMG designated a member to the Board of Managers of VA Capital Company LLC.

2)     SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements (the “consolidated financial statements”) have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”) on a basis consistent with reporting interim financial information in accordance with instructions to the Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
11

Table of Contents
EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and results of operations have been made. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the Company’sRecast 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K forReport. Certain prior period amounts were adjusted to reflect the year ended December 31, 2021.adoption of ASU 2018-12: Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944).
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements present the consolidated results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries and those investment companies, partnerships and joint ventures in which the Company has control and a majority economic interest as well as those variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that meet the requirements for consolidation.
All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The terms “second quarter 2022”2023” and “second quarter 2021”2022” refer to the three months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively. The terms “first six months of 2022”2023” and “first six months of 2021”2022” refer to the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs listed below include those that have been adopted during the current fiscal year and/or those that have been issued but not yet adopted as of June 30, 2022, and as of the date of this filing. ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or not material.

12

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
Description
Effective Date and Method of Adoption
Effect on the Financial Statement or Other Significant Matters
ASU 2018-12: Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944); ASU 2020-11: Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Effective Date and Early Application
This ASU provides targeted improvements to existing recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements for long-duration contracts issued by an insurance entity. The ASU primarily impacts four key areas, including:
1. Measurement of the liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited payment contracts. The ASU requires companies to review, and if necessary, update cash flow assumptions at least annually for non-participating traditional and limited-payment insurance contracts. The ASU also prescribes the discount rate to be used in measuring the liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts.

2. Measurement of MRBs.Market Risk Benefits (“MRBs”). MRBs, as defined under the ASU, will encompass certain GMxB features associated with variable annuity products and other general account annuities with other than nominal market risk.

3. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs. The ASU simplifies the amortization of deferred acquisition costs and other balances amortized in proportion to premiums, gross profits, or gross margins, requiring such balances to be amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the contracts.

4. Expanded footnote disclosures. The ASU requires additional disclosures including information about significant inputs, judgements, assumptions and methods used in measurement.

In November 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-11 which deferred the effective date of the amendments in ASU 2018-12 for all insurance entities. ASU 2018-12 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is allowed.

For the liability for future policyholder benefits for traditional and limited payment contracts, companies can elect one of two adoption methods. Companies can either elect a modified retrospective transition method applied to contracts in force as of the beginning of the earliest period presented on the basis of their existing carrying amounts, adjusted for the removal of any related amounts in AOCI or a full retrospective transition method using actual historical experience information as of contract inception. The same adoption method must be used for deferred policy acquisition costs.

For MRBs, the ASU should be applied retrospectively as of the beginning of the earliest period presented.
The Company continues to progress with implementation efforts and the evaluation of the impact that adoption of this guidance will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Due to its extensive nature, the adoption of the ASU is expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, as well as systems, processes and controls. EffectiveOn January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the new guidance will be adoptedaccounting standard ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective approach, except for MRBs which will use the full retrospective approach.

The Company has created a governance framework and implementation planRefer to ensure timely adoption“Transition impact of the guidance. In preparation for implementation, the Company continues to refine key accounting policy decisions, modernize processes and update internal controls. These changes include modifications of actuarial valuation systems, data sourcing, analytical procedures and reporting processes.

The impact on total equity of applying this ASU is estimated to be positive2018-12, Financial Services- Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the current amount of reported total equity as of June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2022, a positive impact to AOCI is expected due to increases in the Company’s estimate of its non-performance risk on variable annuity guarantees accountedAccounting for as MRBsLong-Duration Contracts” section within this note for the first time under the guidance. The estimated impact to the retained earnings element of total equity as of June 30, 2022, due to accounting for variable annuity guarantees as MRBs that are not currently measured at fair value, is mitigated by the Company’s present use of a near industry low interest rate assumption of 2.25% on GMIB business. Because movements in equity markets, interest rates and credit spreads are unpredictable and at times volatile, it is possible that the estimated effects of adoption could change materially between June 30, 2022 and January 1, 2023.further details.
Transition impact of ASU 2018-12, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts
The Company has not retrospectively adjusted its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 to reflect the adoption of ASU 2018-12, consistent with the Division of Corporation Finance’s Financial Reporting Manual Section 11410.1.
The Company adopted ASU 2018-12 for liability for future policy benefits (“LFPB”), additional insurance liabilities, DAC and balances amortized on a basis consistent with DAC on a modified retrospective basis. ASU 2018-12 was adopted for MRBs on a full retrospective basis.
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

For the LFPB, the net transition adjustment has a favorable retained earnings impact due to the exclusion of DAC in loss recognition and Profits-followed-by-loss (“PFBL”) testing, resulting in a lower VISL PFBL liability. The unfavorable impact was offset by the removal of balances related to unrealized gains and losses on investments, any premium deficiency recorded in AOCI, formerly included in loss recognition testing as well as PFBL testing.
For market risk benefits, the transition adjustment to AOCI related to the effect of the changes in the instrument-specific credit risk of market risk benefits between the contract issue and transition date. The remaining transition difference was related to recording market risk benefits at fair value. This change was recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings as of the transition date.
For DAC, and balances amortized on a basis consistent with DAC including sales inducement assets and unearned revenue liabilities, there is no retained earnings impact due to application of the modified transition approach. There is a favorable AOCI impact due to the removal of DAC balances recorded in AOCI, offsetting the unfavorable AOCI impact resulting from LFPB.
The following table presents the effect of transition adjustment to total equity resulting from the adoption of ASU 2018-12 as of January 1, 2021:
Retained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeTotal
(in millions)
Liability for future policy benefits$30 $(1,343)$(1,313)
Market risk benefits(3,398)(902)(4,300)
DAC 1,548 1,548 
Unearned revenue liability and sales inducement assets (1) (166)(166)
Total transition adjustment before taxes(3,368)(863)(4,231)
Income taxes707 181 888 
Total transition adjustment (net of taxes)$(2,661)$(682)$(3,343)
_______________
(1)Unearned revenue liability included within liability for future policy benefits financial statement line item in the consolidated balance sheet. Sales inducement assets are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes the balance of and changes in liability for future policy benefits on January 1, 2021 resulting from the adoption of ASU 2018-12:
Protection SolutionsIndividual
Retirement
Corporate & OtherTotal
TermPayoutGroup
Pension
Health
(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020$1,423 $3,047 $771 $2,100 $7,341 
Adjustment for reversal of balances recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (171)(85)(100)(356)
Effect of remeasurement of liability at current single A rate (1)560 531 94 300 1,485 
Balance, January 1, 2021 (1)1,983 3,407 780 2,300 8,470 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable(59)  (1,837)(1,896)
Balance, January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance$1,924 $3,407 $780 $463 $6,574 
________________
(1)LFPB transition table not inclusive of the following transition adjustments to AOCI including Protection Solutions PFBL of $550 million, PDR of $(230) million, Rider Reserves and Term Reinsurance of $(24) million and Corporate and Other of $(111) million.
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

The following table summarizes the balance of and changes in the net liability position of market risk benefits on January 1, 2021 resulting from the adoption of ASU 2018-12:
Individual RetirementLegacyTotal
GMxB CoreGMxB LegacyPurchased MRB
(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020$2,206 $19,891 $(2,572)$19,525 
Adjustment for reversal of balances recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income(4)(70) (74)
Adjustments for the cumulative effect of the changes in the instrument-specific credit risk between the original contract issuance date and the transition date (1)505 461 2 968 
Adjustments for the remaining difference (exclusive of the instrument specific credit risk change and host contract adjustments) between previous carrying amount and fair value measurement for the MRB (1)(563)4,122 (194)3,365 
Balance, January 1, 2021$2,144 $24,404 $(2,764)$23,784 
_____________
(1)MRB transition table not inclusive of the following transition adjustments to retained earnings and AOCI including Individual Retirement EQUI-VEST of $43 million, SCS of $21 million, Protection Solutions of $(2) million and Group Retirement EQUI-VEST of $(20) million.
The following table summarizes the balance of and changes in DAC on January 1, 2021 resulting from the adoption of ASU 2018-12:
 Protection SolutionsLegacyIndividual RetirementGroup RetirementTotal
TermUL (1)VUL (2)IUL (3)GMxB LegacyGMxB CoreEI (4)IE (5)SCSEG (6)Momentum
(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020$403 $ $ $ $654 $1,635 $134 $95 $645 $553 $79 $4,198 
Adjustment for reversal of balances recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 177 714 162 13 11 20 (1)210 81 22 1,409 
Balance, January 1, 2021 (7)$403 $177 $714 $162 $667 $1,646 $154 $94 $855 $634 $101 $5,607 
______________
(1)    “UL” defined as Universal Life
(2)    “VUL” defined as Variable Universal Life
(3)    “IUL” defined as Indexed Universal Life
(4)    “EI” defined as EQUI-VEST Individual
(5)    “IE” defined as Investment Edge
(6)    “EG” defined as EQUI-VEST Group
(7)     DAC transition table not inclusive of Closed Block of $136 million and Protection Solutions of $3 million transition adjustment.
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

The following tables summarizes the balance of and changes in sales inducement assets and unearned revenue liability on January 1, 2021 resulting from the adoption of ASU 2018-12:
Sales Inducement Assets
LegacyIndividual RetirementTotal
GMxB LegacyGMxB Core
(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020$246 $158 $404 
Adjustment for reversal of balances recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income   
Balance, January 1, 2021$246 $158 $404 

Protection SolutionsTotal
Unearned Revenue Liability
ULVULIUL
(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020$31 $438 $14 $483 
Adjustment for reversal of balances recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income29 127 9 165 
Balance, January 1, 2021$60 $565 $23 $648 
DAC
Acquisition costs that vary with and are primarily related to the acquisition of new and renewal insurance business, reflecting incremental direct costs of contract acquisition with independent third parties or employees that are essential to the contract transaction, as well as the portion of employee compensation, including employee fringe benefits and other costs directly related to underwriting, policy issuance and processing, medical inspection, and contract selling for successfully negotiated contracts including commissions, underwriting, agency and policy issue expenses, are deferred.
Contracts are measured on a grouped basis utilizing cohorts consistent with those used in the calculation of future policy benefit reserves. DAC is amortized on a constant level basis for the grouped contracts over the expected term of the contract. For life insurance products, DAC is amortized in proportion to the face amount in force. For annuity products, DAC is amortized in proportion to policy counts. The constant level basis used for amortization determines the current period amortization considering both the current period’s actual experience and future projections. The amortization pattern is revised quarterly on a prospective basis. Amortization of DAC is included in Amortization of DAC, part of total benefits and other deductions.
For some products, policyholders can elect to modify product benefits, features, rights or coverages that occur by the exchange of a contract for a new contract, or by amendment, endorsement, or rider to a contract, or by election or coverage within a contract. These transactions are known as internal replacements. If such modification substantially changes the contract, the associated DAC is written off immediately through income and any new acquisition costs associated with the replacement contract are deferred.
Amount due to and from Reinsurers
For each of its reinsurance agreements, the Company determines whether the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk in accordance with applicable accounting standards. Cessions under reinsurance agreements do not discharge the Company’s obligations as the primary insurer. The Company reviews all contractual features, including those that may limit the amount of insurance risk to which the reinsurer is subject or features that delay the timely reimbursement of claims.
For reinsurance of existing in-force blocks of long-duration contracts that transfer significant insurance risk, the difference, if any, between the amounts paid (received), and the liabilities ceded (assumed) related to the underlying contracts is considered the net cost of reinsurance at the inception of the reinsurance agreement. Subsequent amounts paid (received) on the reinsurance of in-force blocks, as well as amounts paid (received) related to new business, are recorded as premiums ceded (assumed); and amounts due from reinsurers (amounts due to reinsurers) are established.
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Assets and liabilities relating to reinsurance agreements with the same reinsurer may be recorded net on the balance sheet if a right of offset exists within the reinsurance agreement. In the event that reinsurers do not meet their obligations to the Company under the terms of the reinsurance agreements, reinsurance recoverable balances could become uncollectible. In such instances, reinsurance recoverable balances are stated net of allowances for uncollectible reinsurance.
Premiums, policy charges and fee income, and policyholders’ benefits include amounts assumed under reinsurance agreements and are net of reinsurance ceded. Amounts received from reinsurers for policy administration are reported in other revenues.
For reinsurance contracts, reinsurance recoverable balances are generally calculated using methodologies and assumptions that are consistent with those used to calculate the direct liabilities.
Ceded reinsurance transactions are recognized and measured in a manner consistent with underlying reinsured contracts, including using consistent assumptions. Assumed and ceded reinsurance contract rights and obligations are accounted for on a basis consistent with our direct contract. The reinsurance cost or benefit for traditional life non-participating and limited-payment contracts is recognized in proportion to the gross premiums of the underlying direct cohorts. The locked-in single A discount rate used to calculate the reinsurance cost or benefit is established at inception of the reinsurance contract. Changes to the single A discount rate are reflected in comprehensive income at each reporting date.
If the Company determines that a reinsurance agreement does not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the agreement using the deposit method of accounting. Deposits received are included in other liabilities and deposits made are included within other assets. As amounts are paid or received, consistent with the underlying contracts, the deposit assets or liabilities are adjusted. Interest on such deposits is recorded as other income or other operating costs and expenses, as appropriate.
Sales Inducement Assets
Sales inducement assets are offered on certain deferred annuity products in the form of either immediate bonus interest credited or enhanced interest crediting rates for a period of time. The interest crediting expense associated with these sales inducement assets is deferred and amortized over the lives of the underlying contracts in a manner consistent with the amortization of DAC. Unamortized balances are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and amortization is included in interest credited to policyholders’ account balances in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
Policyholders’ Account Balances
Policyholders’ account balances relate to contracts or contract features where the Company has no significant insurance risk. This liability represents the contract value that has accrued to the benefit of the policyholder as of the balance sheet date.
Obligations arising from funding agreements are also reported in policyholders’ account balances in the consolidated balance sheets. As a member of the FHLB, the Company has access to collateralized borrowings. The Company may also issue funding agreements to the FHLB. Both the collateralized borrowings and funding agreements would require the Company to pledge qualified mortgage-backed assets and/or government securities as collateral.
Future Policy Benefits and Other Policyholders’ Liabilities
The liability for future policy benefits is estimated based upon the present value of future policy benefits and related claim expenses less the present value of estimated future net premiums where net premium equals gross premium under the contract multiplied by the net premium ratio. Related claim expenses include termination and settlement costs and exclude acquisition costs and non-claim related costs. The liability is estimated using current assumptions that include discount rate, mortality, lapses and expenses. Assumptions are based on judgments that consider the Company’s historical experience, industry data, and other factors.
For participating traditional life insurance policies, future policy benefit liabilities are calculated using a net level premium method based on guaranteed mortality and dividend fund interest rates. The liability for annual dividends represents the accrual of annual dividends earned. Terminal dividends are accrued in proportion to face amount over the life of the contract.
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

For non-participating traditional life insurance policies (Term) and limited pay contracts (Payout, Pension), contracts are grouped into cohorts by contract type and issue year. The Company quarterly updates its estimate of cash flows using actual experience and current future cash flow assumptions, which is reflected in an updated net premium ratio used to calculate the liability. The ratio of actual and future expected claims to actual and future expected premiums determines the net premium ratio. The policy administration expense assumption is not updated after policy issuance. If actual expenses differ from the original expense assumptions, the differences are recognized in the period identified. The revised net premium ratio is used to determine the updated liability for future policy benefits as of the beginning of the reporting period, discounted at the original contract issuance rate. Changes in the liability due to current discount rates differing from original rates are included in other comprehensive income within the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
For non-participating traditional life insurance policies and limited pay contracts, the discount rate assumption used is corporate A rated forward curve. We use a forward curve based upon a Bloomberg index. The liability is remeasured each quarter with the remeasurement change reported in other comprehensive income. The locked-in discount rate is generally based on expected investment returns at contract inception for contracts issued prior to January 1, 2021 and the upper medium grade fixed income corporate instrument yield (i.e., single A) at contract inception for contracts issued after January 1, 2021. The Company developed an LDTI discount rate methodology used to calculate the LFPB for its traditional insurance liabilities and constructed a discount rate curve that references upper-medium grade (low credit risk) fixed-income instrument yields (i.e. Single-A rated Corporate bond yields) which are meant to reflect the duration characteristics of the corresponding insurance liabilities. The methodology uses observable market data, where available, and uses various estimation techniques in line with fair value guidance (such as interpolation and extrapolation) where data is limited. Discount rates are updated quarterly.
For limited-payment products, gross premiums received in excess of net premiums are deferred at initial recognition as a deferred profit liability (“DPL”). DPL will be amortized in relation to the expected future benefit payments. As the calculation of the DPL is based on discounted cash flows, interest accrues on the unamortized DPL balance using the discount rate determined at contract issuance. The DPL is updated at the same time as the estimates for cash flows for the liability for future policy benefits. Any difference between the recalculated and beginning of period DPL is recognized in remeasurement gain or loss in the consolidated statements of income (loss), Remeasurement of Liability for Future Policy Benefits, part of total benefits and other deductions. On the consolidated balance sheets the DPL is recorded in the liability for future policy benefits.
Additional liabilities for contract or contract feature that provide for additional benefits in addition to the account balance but are not market risk benefits or embedded derivatives (“additional insurance liabilities”) are established by estimating the expected value of death or other insurance benefits in excess of the projected contract accumulation value and recognizing the excess over the estimated life based on expected assessments (i.e., benefit ratio). The liability equals the current benefit ratio multiplied by cumulative assessments recognized to date, plus interest, less cumulative excess payments to date. These reserves are recorded within future policy benefits and other policyholders’ liabilities. The determination of this estimated future policy benefits liability is based on models that involve numerous assumptions and subjective judgments, including those regarding expected market rates of return and volatility, contract surrender and withdrawal rates, and mortality experience. There can be no assurance that actual experience will be consistent with management’s estimates. Assumptions are reviewed annually and updated with the remeasurement gain or loss reflected in total benefit expense.
The Company recognizes an adjustment in other comprehensive income for the additional insurance liabilities for unrealized gains and losses not included when calculating the present value of expected assessments for the benefit ratios.
The Company conducts annual premium deficiency testing except for liability for future policy benefits for non- participating traditional and limited payment contracts. The Company reviews assumptions and determines whether the sum of existing liabilities and the present value of future gross premiums is sufficient to cover the present value of future benefits to be paid and settlement costs. Anticipated investment income is considered when performing premium deficiency for long duration contracts. The anticipated investment income is projected based on current investment portfolio returns grading to long term reinvestment rates over the projection periods, based on anticipated gross reinvestment spreads, defaults and investment expenses. Premium deficiency reserves are recorded in certain instances where the policyholder liability for a particular line of business may not be deficient in the aggregate to trigger loss recognition, but the pattern of earnings may be such that profits are expected to be recognized in earlier years followed by losses in later years. This pattern of profits followed by losses is exhibited in our VISL business and is generated by the cost structure of the product or secondary guarantees in the contract. The secondary guarantee
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

ensures that, subject to specified conditions, the policy will not terminate and will continue to provide a death benefit even if there is insufficient policy value to cover the monthly deductions and charges. We accrue for these PFBL using a dynamic approach that changes over time as the projection of future losses change.
Market Risk Benefits
Market risk benefits (“MRBs”) are contracts or contract features that provide protection to the contract holder from other than nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other than nominal capital market risk. Market risk benefits include contract features that provide minimum guarantees to policyholders and include GMIB, GMDB, GMWB, GMAB, and ROP DB benefits. MRBs are measured at fair value on a seriatim basis using an ascribed fee approach based upon policyholder behavior projections and risk neutral economic scenarios adjusted based on the facts and circumstances of the Company’s product features. The MRB Asset and MRB Liability will be equal to the average present value of benefits and risk margins less the average present value of ascribed fees. Ascribed fees will consist of the fee needed, under a stochastically generated set of risk-neutral scenarios, so that the mean present value of claims, including any risk charge, is equal to the mean present value of the projected attributed fees which will be capped at average present value of total policyholder contractual fees. The attributed fee percentage is considered a fixed term of the MRB feature and is held static over the life of the contract. Changes in fair value are recognized as a remeasurement gain/loss in the Change in market risk benefits and purchased market risk benefits, part of total benefits and other deductions except for the portion of the change in the fair value due to change in the Company’s own credit risk, which is recognized in other than comprehensive income. Additionally, when an annuitization occurs (for annuitization benefits) or upon extinguishment of the account balance (for withdrawal benefits) the balance related to the MRB will be derecognized and the amount deducted (after derecognition of any related amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income) shall be used in the calculation of the liability for future policy benefits for the payout annuity. Upon derecognition, any related balance will be removed from AOCI.
The Company has issued and continues to offer certain variable annuity products with GMDB and/or contain a GMLB (collectively, the “GMxB features”) which, if elected by the policyholder after a stipulated waiting period from contract issuance, guarantees a minimum lifetime annuity based on predetermined annuity purchase rates that may be in excess of what the contract account value can purchase at then-current annuity purchase rates. This minimum lifetime annuity is based on predetermined annuity purchase rates applied to a GMIB base. The Company previously issued certain variable annuity products with GMIB, GWBL, GMWB, and GMAB features. The Company has also assumed reinsurance for products with GMxB features.
Features in ceded reinsurance contracts that meet the definition of MRBs are accounted for at fair value as a purchased MRB. The fees used to determine the fair value of the reinsured market risk benefit are those defined in the reinsurance contract. The expected periodic future premiums would represent cash outflows and the expected future benefits would represent cash inflows in the fair value calculation. On the ceded side, the Purchased MRB will be measured considering the counterparty credit risk of the reinsurer, while the direct contract liabilities will be measured considering the instrument-specific credit risk of the insurer. As a result of the difference in the treatment of the counterparty credit risk, the fair value of the direct and ceded contracts may be different even if the contractual fees and benefits are the same. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk of the Company is included in the fair value of its market risk benefit, whether in an asset or liability position, and whether related to an issued or purchased MRB, is recognized in OCI. The counterparty credit risk of the reinsurer is recorded in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
Troubled Debt Restructuring
The Company invests in commercial and agricultural mortgage loans included in the balance sheet as mortgage loans on real estate. Under certain circumstances, modifications are granted to these contracts. Each modification is evaluated as to whether a TDR has occurred. A modification is a TDR when the borrower is in financial difficulty. The types of modifications made may include reducing the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as originally stated, reducing the contractual interest rate, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than current market interest rates and/or reducing accrued interest. The credit allowance is an estimate of lifetime expected losses reflecting historical loss information which included losses from modification to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. As the effect of the modification made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the credit allowance, the carrying value (net of the allowance) before and after modification through a TDR may not change significantly, or may increase if the expected recovery is higher than the pre-modification recovery assessment. For information pertaining to our TDRs see Note 3 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Securities Lending Program
The Company enters into securities lending transactions whereby securities are loaned to third parties, primarily major brokerage firms. Securities lending transactions are treated as financing arrangements and the associated liability is recorded as the amount of cash received. Income and expenses associated with securities lending transactions are reported within net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
Accounting and Consolidation of VIEs
For all new investment products and entities developed by the Company, the Company first determines whether the entity is a VIE, which involves determining an entity’s variability and variable interests, identifying the holders of the equity investment at risk and assessing the five characteristics of a VIE. Once an entity has been determined to be a VIE, the Company then determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE based on its beneficial interests. If the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, then the Company consolidates the entity.
Management of the Company reviews quarterly its investment management agreements and its investments in, and other financial arrangements with, certain entities that hold client AUM to determine the entities that the Company is required to consolidate under this guidance. These entities include certain mutual fund products, hedge funds, structured products, group trusts, collective investment trusts and limited partnerships.
The analysis performed to identify variable interests held, determine whether entities are VIEs or VOEs, and evaluate whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in such entities requires the exercise of judgment and is updated on a continuous basis as circumstances change or new entities are developed. The primary beneficiary evaluation generally is performed qualitatively based on all facts and circumstances, including consideration of economic interests in the VIE held directly and indirectly through related parties and entities under common control, as well as quantitatively, as appropriate.
Consolidated VIEs
Consolidated CLOs
The Company is the investment manager of certain asset-backed investment vehicles, commonly referred to as CLOs, and certain other vehicles for which the Company earns fee income for investment management services. The Company may sell or syndicate investments through these vehicles, principally as part of the strategic investing activity as part of its investment management businesses. Additionally, the Company may invest in securities issued by these vehicles which are eliminated in consolidation of the CLOs.
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, Equitable Financial holds $93$112 million and $109$85 million of equity interests in the CLOs. The Company consolidated the CLOs as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022 as it is the primary beneficiary due to the combination of both its equity interest held by Equitable Financial and the majority ownership of AB, which functions as the CLOs loan manager. The assets of the CLOs are legally isolated from the Company’s creditors and can only be used to settle obligations of the CLOs. The liabilities of the CLOs are non-recourse to the Company and the Company has no obligation to satisfy the liabilities of the CLOs. As of June 30, 2022,2023, Equitable Financial holds $71$21 million of equity interests in a newly formed SPE established to purchase loans from the market in anticipation of a new CLO transaction. The Company consolidated the SPE as of June 30, 20222023 as it is the primary beneficiary due to the combination of both its equity interest held by Equitable Financial and the majority ownership of AB, which functions as the SPE loan manager.
Resulting from this consolidation in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets are fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option with total assets of $1.6 billion and $1.6$1.5 billion notes issued by consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value using the fair value option with total liabilities of $1.2$1.5 billion and $1.2 billion at June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively. The unpaid outstanding principal balance of the notes and short-term borrowing is $1.4$1.6 billion and $1.3$1.4 billion at June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021.2022.
Consolidated Limited Partnerships and LLCs
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022 the Company consolidated limited partnerships and LLCs for which it was identified as the primary beneficiary under the VIE model. Included in Otherother invested assets, Mortgagemortgage loans on real estate, and Otherother equity investments, trading securities, cash and other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022 are total net assets of $242$722 million and $219$644 million, respectively related to these VIEs.
Consolidated AB-Sponsored Investment Funds
Included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are assets of $497 million and $734 million, liabilities of $38 million and $87 million, and redeemable noncontrolling interests of $309 million and $421 million, respectively, associated with the consolidation of AB-sponsored investment funds under the VIE model. There were no consolidated AB-sponsored investment funds under the VOE model as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The assets of these consolidated funds are presented within other invested assets and cash and
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

cash equivalents, and liabilities of these consolidated funds are presented with other liabilitiesConsolidated AB-Sponsored Investment Funds
Included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets; ownership interests not held by the Company relating to consolidated VIEssheet as of June 30, 2023 and VOEsDecember 31, 2022 are presented either asassets of $331 million and $581 million, liabilities of $10 million and $56 million, and redeemable or non-redeemable noncontrolling interests as appropriate. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are presented in mezzanine equityof $181 million and non-redeemable noncontrolling interests are presented within permanent equity. The Company is not required to provide financial support to these$369 million, respectively, associated with the consolidation of AB-sponsored investment funds under the VIE model. Also included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and only theDecember 31, 2022 are assets of such$16 million and $0 million, liabilities of $1 million and $0 million, and redeemable noncontrolling interests of $4 million and $0 million, respectively, from consolidation of AB-sponsored investment funds are available to settle each fund’s own liabilities.under the VOE model.
Non-Consolidated VIEs
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022 respectively, the Company held approximately $2.3$2.4 billion and $2.1$2.4 billion of investment assets in the form of equity interests issued by non-corporate legal entities determined under the guidance to be VIEs, such as limited partnerships and limited liability companies, including CLOs, hedge funds, private equity funds and real estate-related funds. As an equity investor, the Company is considered to have a variable interest in each of these VIEs as a result of its participation in the risks and/or rewards these funds were designed to create by their defined portfolio objectives and strategies. Primarily through qualitative assessment, including consideration of related party interests or other financial arrangements, if any, the Company was not identified as primary beneficiary of any of these VIEs, largely due to its inability to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance. Consequently, theThe Company continues to reflect these equity interests in the consolidated balance sheets as other equity investments and applies the equity method of accounting for these positions. The net assets of these non-consolidated VIEs are approximately $278.0$261.4 billion and $245.6$282.5 billion as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022 respectively. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss from its direct involvement with these VIEs is the carrying value of its investment of $2.3$2.4 billion and $2.1$2.4 billion and approximately $1.3 billion and $1.2$1.3 billion of unfunded commitments as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively. The Company has no further economic interest in these VIEs in the form of guarantees, derivatives, credit enhancements or similar instruments and obligations.
Non-Consolidated AB-Sponsored Investment Products
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, the net assets of investment products sponsored by AB that are non-consolidated VIEs are approximately $40.3$53.9 billion and $68.9$46.4 billion, respectively. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss from its direct involvement with these VIEs is its investment of $5$13 million and $9$6 million as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021.2022. The Company has no further commitments to or economic interest in these VIEs.
Assumption Updates and Model Changes
The Company conducts its annual review of its assumptions and models during the third quarter of each year. The annual review encompasses assumptions underlying the valuation of unearned revenue liabilities, embedded derivatives for our insurance business, liabilities for future policyholder benefits, DAC and DSI assets.
However, the Company updates its assumptions as needed in the event it becomes aware of economic conditions or events that could require a change in assumptions that it believes may have a significant impact to the carrying value of product liabilities and assets and consequently materially impact its earnings in the period of the change. There were no material assumption updates or model changes in the first and second quarters of 2022 or 2021.3)    INVESTMENTS
3)    INVESTMENTS
Fixed Maturities AFS
The components of fair value and amortized cost for fixed maturities classified as AFS on the consolidated balance sheets excludes accrued interest receivable because the Company elected to present accrued interest receivable within other assets. Accrued interest receivable on AFS fixed maturities as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022 was $541$614 million and $506$591 million, respectively. There was no accrued interest written off for AFS fixed maturities for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021.2022.
The following tables provide information relating to the Company’s fixed maturities classified as AFS.
AFS Fixed Maturities by Classification
 Amortized CostAllowance for Credit LossesGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
  (in millions)
June 30, 2023
Fixed Maturities:
Corporate (1)$50,420 $2 $121 $6,496 $44,043 
U.S. Treasury, government and agency6,998  1 1,104 5,895 
States and political subdivisions622  9 78 553 
Foreign governments894  3 129 768 
Residential mortgage-backed (2)1,389  1 100 1,290 
Asset-backed (3)9,741  9 281 9,469 
Commercial mortgage-backed3,889   600 3,289 
Redeemable preferred stock41  3  44 
15
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

AFS Fixed Maturities by Classification
Amortized CostAllowance for Credit LossesGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value Amortized CostAllowance for Credit LossesGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
 (in millions)  (in millions)
June 30, 2022
Total at June 30, 2023Total at June 30, 2023$73,994 $2 $147 $8,788 $65,351 
December 31, 2022:December 31, 2022:
Fixed Maturities:Fixed Maturities:Fixed Maturities:
Corporate (1)Corporate (1)$52,025 $19 $164 $5,728 $46,442 Corporate (1)$50,712 $24 $89 $7,206 $43,571 
U.S. Treasury, government and agencyU.S. Treasury, government and agency7,417  55 493 6,979 U.S. Treasury, government and agency7,054 — 1,218 5,837 
States and political subdivisionsStates and political subdivisions684  24 61 647 States and political subdivisions609 — 89 527 
Foreign governmentsForeign governments1,094  6 141 959 Foreign governments985 — 151 836 
Residential mortgage-backed (2)Residential mortgage-backed (2)514  3 8 509 Residential mortgage-backed (2)908 — 87 822 
Asset-backed (3)Asset-backed (3)8,735  4 406 8,333 Asset-backed (3)8,859 — 373 8,490 
Commercial mortgage-backedCommercial mortgage-backed3,728  1 388 3,341 Commercial mortgage-backed3,823 — — 588 3,235 
Redeemable preferred stockRedeemable preferred stock41  3  44 Redeemable preferred stock41 — — 43 
Total at June 30, 2022$74,238 $19 $260 $7,225 $67,254 
December 31, 2021:
Fixed Maturities:
Corporate (1)$50,172 $22 $2,601 $240 $52,511 
U.S. Treasury, government and agency13,056 — 2,344 15 15,385 
States and political subdivisions586 — 78 662 
Foreign governments1,124 — 42 14 1,152 
Residential mortgage-backed (2)90 — — 98 
Asset-backed (3)5,933 — 21 20 5,934 
Commercial mortgage-backed2,427 — 19 25 2,421 
Redeemable preferred stock41 — 12 — 53 
Total at December 31, 2021$73,429 $22 $5,125 $316 $78,216 
Total at December 31, 2022Total at December 31, 2022$72,991 $24 $106 $9,712 $63,361 
______________
(1)Corporate fixed maturities include both public and private issues.
(2)Includes publicly traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized obligations.
(3)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, credit risk transfer securities and other asset types.
The contractual maturities of AFS fixed maturities as of June 30, 20222023 are shown in the table below. Bonds not due at a single maturity date have been included in the table in the final year of maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepaymentpre-payment penalties.

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Contractual Maturities of AFS Fixed Maturities
Amortized Cost (Less Allowance for Credit Losses)Fair Value Amortized Cost (Less Allowance for Credit Losses)Fair Value
(in millions) (in millions)
June 30, 2022
June 30, 2023June 30, 2023
Contractual maturities:Contractual maturities:Contractual maturities:
Due in one year or lessDue in one year or less$1,354 $1,346 Due in one year or less$1,510 $1,491 
Due in years two through fiveDue in years two through five14,662 14,189 Due in years two through five14,339 13,546 
Due in years six through tenDue in years six through ten18,470 16,969 Due in years six through ten17,371 15,778 
Due after ten yearsDue after ten years26,715 22,523 Due after ten years25,712 20,444 
SubtotalSubtotal61,201 55,027 Subtotal58,932 51,259 
Residential mortgage-backedResidential mortgage-backed514 509 Residential mortgage-backed1,389 1,290 
Asset-backedAsset-backed8,735 8,333 Asset-backed9,741 9,469 
Commercial mortgage-backedCommercial mortgage-backed3,728 3,341 Commercial mortgage-backed3,889 3,289 
Redeemable preferred stockRedeemable preferred stock41 44 Redeemable preferred stock41 44 
Total at June 30, 2022$74,219 $67,254 
Total at June 30, 2023Total at June 30, 2023$73,992 $65,351 

The following table shows proceeds from sales, gross gains (losses) from sales and allowance for credit losses for AFS fixed maturities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:maturities.
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Proceeds from Sales, Gross Gains (Losses) from Sales and Allowance for Credit and Intent to Sell Losses for AFS Fixed Maturities

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30, Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
(in millions) (in millions)
Proceeds from salesProceeds from sales$3,344 $9,866 $10,735 $17,075 Proceeds from sales$2,230 $3,344 $3,055 $10,735 
Gross gains on salesGross gains on sales$15 $557 $44 $848 Gross gains on sales$5 $15 $7 $44 
Gross losses on salesGross losses on sales$(227)$(38)$(591)$(154)Gross losses on sales$(43)$(227)$(69)$(591)
Net change in Allowance for Credit losses$2 $(6)$3 $(12)
Net (increase) decrease in Allowance for Credit and Intent to Sell lossesNet (increase) decrease in Allowance for Credit and Intent to Sell losses$(7)$$(63)$


The following table sets forth the amount of credit loss impairments on AFS fixed maturities held by the Company at the dates indicated and the corresponding changes in such amounts.

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

AFS Fixed Maturities - Credit and Intent to Sell Loss Impairments

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$43 $38 $44 $32 Balance, beginning of period$89 $43 $36 $44 
Previously recognized impairments on securities that matured, paid, prepaid or soldPreviously recognized impairments on securities that matured, paid, prepaid or sold(13)(3)(15)(3)Previously recognized impairments on securities that matured, paid, prepaid or sold(54)(13)(57)(15)
Recognized impairments on securities impaired to fair value this period (1) — — — 
Recognized impairments on securities impaired to fair value this period (1) (2)Recognized impairments on securities impaired to fair value this period (1) (2) — 52 — 
Credit losses recognized this period on securities for which credit losses were not previously recognizedCredit losses recognized this period on securities for which credit losses were not previously recognizedCredit losses recognized this period on securities for which credit losses were not previously recognized6 9 
Additional credit losses this period on securities previously impairedAdditional credit losses this period on securities previously impairedAdditional credit losses this period on securities previously impaired3 4 
Increases due to passage of time on previously recorded credit lossesIncreases due to passage of time on previously recorded credit losses— — — — Increases due to passage of time on previously recorded credit losses —  — 
Accretion of previously recognized impairments due to increases in expected cash flows (for OTTI securities 2019 and prior)Accretion of previously recognized impairments due to increases in expected cash flows (for OTTI securities 2019 and prior)— — — — Accretion of previously recognized impairments due to increases in expected cash flows (for OTTI securities 2019 and prior) —  — 
Balance at June 30,$32 $42 $32 $42 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$44 $32 $44 $32 
______________
(1)Represents circumstances where the Company determined in the current period that it intends to sell the security, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the security’s amortized cost.
(2)Amounts reflected for the six months ended June 30, 2023 represent AFS fixed maturities in an unrealized loss position, which the Company intends to sell in anticipation of Equitable Financial’s ordinary dividend to Holdings.
The tables that follow below present a roll-forward of net unrealized investment gains (losses) recognized in AOCI.

1822

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on AFS Fixed Maturities

Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on InvestmentsDACPolicyholders’ LiabilitiesDeferred Income Tax Asset (Liability)AOCI Gain (Loss) Related to Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
(in millions)
Balance, April 1, 2022$(1,287)$290 $(237)$259 $(975)
Net investment gains (losses) arising during the period(5,889)   (5,889)
Reclassification adjustment:
Included in net income (loss)214    214 
Excluded from net income (loss)     
Other     
Impact of net unrealized investment gains (losses) 890 (96)1,025 1,819 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) excluding credit losses(6,962)1,180 (333)1,284 (4,831)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) with credit losses(3)  1 (2)
Balance, June 30, 2022$(6,965)$1,180 $(333)$1,285 $(4,833)
Balance, April 1, 2021$3,466 $(947)$(307)$(465)$1,747 
Net investment gains (losses) arising during the period2,293    2,293 
Reclassification adjustment:
Included in net income (loss)(407)   (407)
Other (1)     
Impact of net unrealized investment gains (losses) (215)(106)(328)(649)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) excluding credit losses5,352 (1,162)(413)(793)2,984 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) with credit losses9 (3)(1)(1)4 
Balance, June 30, 2021$5,361 $(1,165)$(414)$(794)$2,988 

Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on InvestmentsDACPolicyholders’ LiabilitiesDeferred Income Tax Asset (Liability)AOCI Gain (Loss) Related to Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on InvestmentsPolicyholders’ LiabilitiesDeferred Income Tax Asset (Liability)AOCI Gain (Loss) Related to Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
Balance, January 1, 2022$4,809 $(782)$(418)$(757)$2,852 
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$(7,978)$33 $99 $(7,846)
Net investment gains (losses) arising during the periodNet investment gains (losses) arising during the period(12,314)   (12,314)Net investment gains (losses) arising during the period(710)  (710)
Reclassification adjustment:Reclassification adjustment:Reclassification adjustment:
Included in net income (loss)Included in net income (loss)548    548 Included in net income (loss)46   46 
Excluded from net income (loss)Excluded from net income (loss)    
OtherOther     Other    
Impact of net unrealized investment gains (losses)Impact of net unrealized investment gains (losses) 1,961 85 2,040 4,086 Impact of net unrealized investment gains (losses) 3 139 142 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) excluding credit lossesNet unrealized investment gains (losses) excluding credit losses(6,957)1,179 (333)1,283 (4,828)Net unrealized investment gains (losses) excluding credit losses(8,642)36 238 (8,368)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) with credit lossesNet unrealized investment gains (losses) with credit losses1   1 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$(8,641)$36 $238 $(8,367)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on InvestmentsPolicyholders’ LiabilitiesDeferred Income Tax Asset (Liability)AOCI Gain (Loss) Related to Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$(1,287)$$269 $(1,014)
Net investment gains (losses) arising during the periodNet investment gains (losses) arising during the period(5,889)— — (5,889)
Reclassification adjustment:Reclassification adjustment:
Included in net income (loss)Included in net income (loss)214 — — 214 
Excluded from net income (loss)Excluded from net income (loss)— — — — 
OtherOther— — — — 
Impact of net unrealized investment gains (losses)Impact of net unrealized investment gains (losses)— 21 1,187 1,208 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) excluding credit lossesNet unrealized investment gains (losses) excluding credit losses(6,962)25 1,456 (5,481)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) with credit lossesNet unrealized investment gains (losses) with credit losses(3)— (2)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$(6,965)$25 $1,457 $(5,483)

1923

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Net unrealized investment gains (losses) with credit losses(8)1  2 (5)
Balance, June 30, 2022$(6,965)$1,180 $(333)$1,285 $(4,833)
Balance, January 1, 2021$8,811 $(1,548)$(1,065)$(1,302)$4,896 
Net investment gains (losses) arising during the period(2,836)— — — (2,836)
Reclassification adjustment:
Included in net income (loss)(582)— — — (582)
Other (1)(33)— — — (33)
Impact of net unrealized investment gains (losses)— 384 652 508 1,544 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) excluding credit losses5,360 (1,164)(413)(794)2,989 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) with credit losses(1)(1)— (1)
Balance, June 30, 2021$5,361 $(1,165)$(414)$(794)$2,988 

_____________
(1) Effective January 1, 2021, certain preferred stock have been reclassified to other equity investments.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on InvestmentsPolicyholders’ LiabilitiesDeferred Income Tax Asset (Liability)AOCI Gain (Loss) Related to Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$(9,606)$41 $440 $(9,125)
Net investment gains (losses) arising during the period845   845 
Reclassification adjustment:
Included in net income (loss)126   126 
Other    
Impact of net unrealized investment gains (losses) (5)(203)(208)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) excluding credit losses(8,635)36 237 (8,362)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) with credit losses(6) 1 (5)
Balance, end of period$(8,641)$36 $238 $(8,367)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on InvestmentsPolicyholders’ LiabilitiesDeferred Income Tax Asset (Liability)AOCI Gain (Loss) Related to Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$4,809 $(169)$(974)$3,666 
Net investment gains (losses) arising during the period(12,314)— — (12,314)
Reclassification adjustment:
Included in net income (loss)548 — — 548 
Other— — — — 
Impact of net unrealized investment gains (losses)— 194 2,429 2,623 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) excluding credit losses(6,957)25 1,455 (5,477)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) with credit losses(8)— (6)
Balance, end of period$(6,965)$25 $1,457 $(5,483)

The following tables disclose the fair values and gross unrealized losses of the 4,9425,196 issues as of June 30, 20222023 and the 2,0605,209 issues as of December 31, 20212022 that are not deemed to have credit losses, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the specified periods at the dates indicated.
AFS Fixed Maturities in an Unrealized Loss Position for Which No Allowance Is Recorded
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
(in millions)
June 30, 2022
Fixed Maturities:
Corporate$38,094 $5,236 $2,883 $489 $40,977 $5,725 
U.S. Treasury, government and agency5,006 481 87 12 5,093 493 
States and political subdivisions289 57 11 4 300 61 
Foreign governments734 119 101 22 835 141 
Residential mortgage-backed442 8 1  443 8 
Asset-backed7,757 394 206 12 7,963 406 
Commercial mortgage-backed3,145 358 164 30 3,309 388 
Total at June 30, 2022$55,467 $6,653 $3,453 $569 $58,920 $7,222 
December 31, 2021:
Fixed Maturities:
Corporate$10,571 $163 $1,633 $75 $12,204 $238 
U.S. Treasury, government and agency993 11 105 1,098 15 
States and political subdivisions120 11 — 131 
Foreign governments349 92 441 14 
Residential mortgage-backed— — — — — — 
Asset-backed3,865 20 38 — 3,903 20 
Commercial mortgage-backed1,527 21 96 1,623 25 
Total at December 31, 2021$17,425 $223 $1,975 $91 $19,400 $314 


2024

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

AFS Fixed Maturities in an Unrealized Loss Position for Which No Allowance Is Recorded

Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
Fixed Maturities:
Corporate$8,135 $322 $31,883 $6,173 $40,018 $6,495 
U.S. Treasury, government and agency1,508 166 4,320 938 5,828 1,104 
States and political subdivisions65 1 277 77 342 78 
Foreign governments58 3 615 126 673 129 
Residential mortgage-backed520 7 658 93 1,178 100 
Asset-backed1,347 11 6,718 270 8,065 281 
Commercial mortgage-backed235 8 2,989 592 3,224 600 
Total at June 30, 2023$11,868 $518 $47,460 $8,269 $59,328 $8,787 
December 31, 2022:
Fixed Maturities:
Corporate$24,580 $2,668 $16,534 $4,536 $41,114 $7,204 
U.S. Treasury, government and agency5,564 1,200 204 18 5,768 1,218 
States and political subdivisions130 25 173 64 303 89 
Foreign governments349 42 417 109 766 151 
Residential mortgage-backed671 49 83 38 754 87 
Asset-backed6,298 230 1,765 143 8,063 373 
Commercial mortgage-backed1,577 201 1,640 387 3,217 588 
Total at December 31, 2022$39,169 $4,415 $20,816 $5,295 $59,985 $9,710 

The Company’s investments in fixed maturities do not include concentrations of credit risk of any single issuer greater than 10% of the consolidated equity of the Company, other than securities of the U.S. government, U.S. government agencies, and certain securities guaranteed by the U.S. government. The Company maintains a diversified portfolio of corporate securities across industries and issuers and does not have exposure to any single issuer in excess of 0.5%0.9% of total corporate securities. The largest exposures to a single issuer of corporate securities held as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022 were $239$400 million and $322$327 million, respectively, representing 3.4%7.6% and 2.5%10.4% of the consolidated equity of the Company.
Corporate high yield securities, consisting primarily of public high yield bonds, are classified as other than investment grade by the various rating agencies, i.e., a rating below Baa3/BBB- or the NAIC designation of 3 (medium investment grade), 4 or 5 (below investment grade) or 6 (in or near default). As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, approximately $2.9$2.7 billion and $2.9 billion, or 3.9%3.7% and 3.9%4.0%, of the $74.2$74.0 billion and $73.4$73.0 billion aggregate amortized cost of fixed maturities held by the Company were considered to be other than investment grade. These securities had gross unrealized losses of $208$162 million and $18$208 million as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively.
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, the $569 million$8.3 billion and $91 million$5.3 billion of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were primarily concentrated in corporate securities. In accordance with the policy described in Note 2 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company concluded that an adjustment to the allowance for credit losses for these securities was not warranted at either June 30, 20222023 or December 31, 2021.2022. As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, the Company did not intend to sell the securities nor will it likely be required to dispose of the securities before the anticipated recovery of their remaining amortized cost basis.
Based on the Company’s evaluation both qualitatively and quantitatively of the drivers of the decline in fair value of fixed maturity securities as of June 30, 2022,2023, the Company determined that the unrealized loss was primarily due to increases in interest rates and credit spreadsspreads.
25

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued


Securities Lending
The Company has entered into securities lending agreements with an agent bank whereby blocks of securities are loaned to third parties, primarily major brokerage firms. As of June 30, 2023, the estimated fair value of loaned securities was $28.0 million. The agreements require a minimum of 102% of the fair value of the loaned securities to be held as cash collateral, calculated daily. To further minimize the credit risks related to these programs, the financial condition of counterparties is monitored on a regular basis. As of June 30, 2023, cash collateral received in the amount of $28.6 million, was invested by the agent bank. A securities lending payable for the overnight and changescontinuous loans is included in credit ratings.Other liabilities in the amount of cash collateral received. Securities lending transactions are used to generate income. Income and expenses associated with these transactions are reported as net investment income and were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Accrued interest receivable on commercial and agricultural mortgage loans as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022 was $58$76 million and $57$71 million, respectively. There was no accrued interest written off for commercial and agricultural mortgage loans for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021.2022.
As of June 30, 2022,2023, the Company had no loans for which foreclosure was probable included within the individually assessed mortgage loans, and accordingly had no associated allowance for credit losses.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Mortgage Loans
The change in the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage loans and agricultural mortgage loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022 were as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans:
Commercial mortgages:
Balance, beginning of period$47 $70 $57 $77 
Current-period provision for expected credit losses11 (11)1 (18)
Write-offs charged against the allowance —  — 
Recoveries of amounts previously written off— — 
Net change in allowance11 (11)1 (18)
Balance, end of period$58 $59 $58 $59 

21

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)
Allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans:Allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans:
Commercial mortgages:Commercial mortgages:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$133 $47 $123 $57 
Current-period provision for expected credit lossesCurrent-period provision for expected credit losses7 11 17 
Write-offs charged against the allowanceWrite-offs charged against the allowance —  — 
Recoveries of amounts previously written offRecoveries of amounts previously written off —  — 
Net change in allowanceNet change in allowance7 11 17 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$140 $58 $140 $58 
(in millions)
Agricultural mortgages:Agricultural mortgages:Agricultural mortgages:
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$6 $$5 $Balance, beginning of period$6 $$6 $
Current-period provision for expected credit lossesCurrent-period provision for expected credit losses — 1 — Current-period provision for expected credit losses(1)— (1)
Write-offs charged against the allowanceWrite-offs charged against the allowance —  — Write-offs charged against the allowance —  — 
Recoveries of amounts previously written offRecoveries of amounts previously written off —  — Recoveries of amounts previously written off —  — 
Net change in allowanceNet change in allowance — 1 — Net change in allowance(1)— (1)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$6 $$6 $Balance, end of period$5 $$5 $
Total allowance for credit lossesTotal allowance for credit losses$64 $63 $64 $63 Total allowance for credit losses$145 $64 $145 $64 

The change in the allowance for credit losses is attributable to:
increases/decreases in the loan balance due to new originations, maturing mortgages, and loan amortization; and
changes in credit quality.
Credit Quality Information
The following tables summarize the Company’s mortgage loans segregated by risk rating exposure as of June 30, 2022quality and December 31, 2021.

economic assumptions.
LTV Ratios (1)
June 30, 2022
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
(in millions)
Mortgage loans:
Commercial:
0% - 50%$188 $ $ $ $119 $1,202 $ $ $1,509 
50% - 70%575 1,790 1,374 276 634 2,969 221  7,839 
70% - 90%136 328 147 411 450 1,055  35 2,562 
90% plus         
Total commercial$899 $2,118 $1,521 $687 $1,203 $5,226 $221 $35 $11,910 
Agricultural:
0% - 50%$103 $192 $214 $124 $129 $788 $ $ $1,550 
50% - 70%166 180 241 87 94 300   1,068 
70% - 90%     16   16 
90% plus         
Total agricultural$269 $372 $455 $211 $223 $1,104 $ $ $2,634 
Total mortgage loans:

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Table of Contents
EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

June 30, 2022
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
(in millions)
0% - 50%$291 $192 $214 $124 $248 $1,990 $ $ $3,059 
50% - 70%741 1,970 1,615 363 728 3,269 221  8,907 
70% - 90%136 328 147 411 450 1,071  35 2,578 
90% plus         
Total mortgage loans$1,168 $2,490 $1,976 $898 $1,426 $6,330 $221 $35 $14,544 
Credit Quality Information
The following tables summarize the Company’s mortgage loans segregated by risk rating exposure as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.


Loan to Value (“LTV”) Ratios (1)
Debt Service Coverage Ratios (2)
June 30, 2023
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
(in millions)
Mortgage loans:
Commercial:
0% - 50%$190 $497 $129 $ $ $1,463 $ $ $2,279 
50% - 70%490 2,404 1,458 905 257 2,839 369 96 8,818 
70% - 90%244 363 497 463 290 1,600  35 3,492 
90% plus  34  92 253   379 
Total commercial$924 $3,264 $2,118 $1,368 $639 $6,155 $369 $131 $14,968 
Agricultural:
0% - 50%$25 $163 $187 $241 $129 $826 $ $ $1,571 
50% - 70%15 187 168 201 65 318   954 
70% - 90%     16   16 
90% plus         
Total agricultural$40 $350 $355 $442 $194 $1,160 $ $ $2,541 
Total mortgage loans:
0% - 50%$215 $660 $316 $241 $129 $2,289 $ $ $3,850 
50% - 70%505 2,591 1,626 1,106 322 3,157 369 96 9,772 
70% - 90%244 363 497 463 290 1,616  35 3,508 
90% plus  34  92 253   379 
Total mortgage loans$964 $3,614 $2,473 $1,810 $833 $7,315 $369 $131 $17,509 
June 30, 2022
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
(in millions)
Mortgage loans:
Commercial:
Greater than 2.0x$420 $1,143 $1,243 $104 $631 $2,078 $ $ $5,619 
1.8x to 2.0x94 187 134 262 186 660 124  1,647 
1.5x to 1.8x270 275 49 266 190 1,051 68  2,169 
1.2x to 1.5x35 260 95 11 48 1,006   1,455 
1.0x to 1.2x 253  44 148 360 29 35 869 
Less than 1.0x80     71   151 
Total commercial$899 $2,118 $1,521 $687 $1,203 $5,226 $221 $35 $11,910 
Agricultural:
Greater than 2.0x$48 $40 $63 $22 $12 $215 $ $ $400 
1.8x to 2.0x11 58 36 25 14 71   215 
1.5x to 1.8x38 43 112 28 23 209   453 
1.2x to 1.5x73 156 175 100 101 332   937 
1.0x to 1.2x83 74 65 30 69 264   585 
Less than 1.0x16 1 4 6 4 13   44 
Total agricultural$269 $372 $455 $211 $223 $1,104 $ $ $2,634 
Total mortgage loans:
Greater than 2.0x$468 $1,183 $1,306 $126 $643 $2,293 $ $ $6,019 
1.8x to 2.0x105 245 170 287 200 731 124  1,862 
1.5x to 1.8x308 318 161 294 213 1,260 68  2,622 
1.2x to 1.5x108 416 270 111 149 1,338   2,392 
1.0x to 1.2x83 327 65 74 217 624 29 35 1,454 

23
27

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Less than 1.0x96 1 4 6 4 84   195 
Total mortgage loans$1,168 $2,490 $1,976 $898 $1,426 $6,330 $221 $35 $14,544 

Debt Service Coverage (“DSC”) Ratios (2)
June 30, 2023
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
(in millions)
Mortgage loans:
Commercial:
Greater than 2.0x$115 $687 $1,259 $1,113 $158 $2,960 $ $ $6,292 
1.8x to 2.0x  181 163 172 722 213 96 1,547 
1.5x to 1.8x 476 391 32 255 1,016 92  2,262 
1.2x to 1.5x439 814 165   822   2,240 
1.0x to 1.2x363 828 73 60 54 540 64 35 2,017 
Less than 1.0x7 459 49   95   610 
Total commercial$924 $3,264 $2,118 $1,368 $639 $6,155 $369 $131 $14,968 
Agricultural:
Greater than 2.0x$5 $51 $39 $60 $21 $186 $ $ $362 
1.8x to 2.0x 16 57 33 24 65   195 
1.5x to 1.8x6 69 31 110 18 208   442 
1.2x to 1.5x17 106 155 176 99 385   938 
1.0x to 1.2x8 90 73 59 26 291   547 
Less than 1.0x4 18  4 6 25   57 
Total agricultural$40 $350 $355 $442 $194 $1,160 $ $ $2,541 
Total mortgage loans:
Greater than 2.0x$120 $738 $1,298 $1,173 $179 $3,146 $ $ $6,654 
1.8x to 2.0x 16 238 196 196 787 213 96 1,742 
1.5x to 1.8x6 545 422 142 273 1,224 92  2,704 
1.2x to 1.5x456 920 320 176 99 1,207   3,178 
1.0x to 1.2x371 918 146 119 80 831 64 35 2,564 
Less than 1.0x11 477 49 4 6 120   667 
Total mortgage loans$964 $3,614 $2,473 $1,810 $833 $7,315 $369 $131 $17,509 
______________
(1)The LTV ratio is derived from current loan balance divided by the fair value of the property. The fair value of the underlying commercial properties is updated annually for each mortgage loan.
(2)The DSC ratio is calculated using the most recently reported operating income results from property operations divided by annual debt service.
LTV Ratios (1)
December 31, 2021
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20212020201920182017PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
(in millions)
Mortgage loans:
Commercial:
0% - 50%$— $— $— $184 $293 $1,009 $— $— $1,486 
50% - 70%1,944 1,286 339 619 491 2,533 139 — 7,351 
70% - 90%190 236 412 415 276 972 — — 2,501 
90% plus— — — 35 73 — — 113 
Total commercial$2,134 $1,522 $751 $1,253 $1,065 $4,587 $139 $— $11,451 
Agricultural:
0% - 50%$180 $212 $128 $129 $119 $738 $— $— $1,506 
50% - 70%200 268 102 126 87 338 — — 1,121 
70% - 90%— — — — — 17 — — 17 
90% plus— — — — — — — — — 
Total agricultural$380 $480 $230 $255 $206 $1,093 $— $— $2,644 
Total mortgage loans:
0% - 50%$180 $212 $128 $313 $412 $1,747 $— $— $2,992 
50% - 70%2,144 1,554 441 745 578 2,871 139 — 8,472 
70% - 90%190 236 412 415 276 989 — — 2,518 
90% plus— — — 35 73 — — 113 
Total mortgage loans$2,514 $2,002 $981 $1,508 $1,271 $5,680 $139 $— $14,095 


Debt Service Coverage Ratios (2)
December 31, 2021
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20212020201920182017PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
(in millions)
Mortgage loans:
Commercial:

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Greater than 2.0x$1,143 $1,243 $210 $772 $485 $2,235 $— $— $6,088 
1.8x to 2.0x185 135 182 46 161 372 68 — 1,149 
1.5x to 1.8x275 49 284 211 166 919 48 — 1,952 
1.2x to 1.5x264 95 75 101 253 701 — — 1,489 
1.0x to 1.2x267 — — 88 — 287 23 — 665 
Less than 1.0x— — — 35 — 73 — — 108 
Total commercial$2,134 $1,522 $751 $1,253 $1,065 $4,587 $139 $— $11,451 
Agricultural:
Greater than 2.0x$49 $64 $25 $22 $24 $210 $— $— $394 
1.8x to 2.0x52 37 25 14 14 70 — — 212 
1.5x to 1.8x43 113 28 22 41 193 — — 440 
1.2x to 1.5x161 179 112 116 72 355 — — 995 
1.0x to 1.2x75 83 31 77 54 226 — — 546 
Less than 1.0x— 39 — — 57 
Total agricultural$380 $480 $230 $255 $206 $1,093 $— $— $2,644 
Total mortgage loans:
Greater than 2.0x$1,192 $1,307 $235 $794 $509 $2,445 $— $— $6,482 
1.8x to 2.0x237 172 207 60 175 442 68 — 1,361 
1.5x to 1.8x318 162 312 233 207 1,112 48 — 2,392 
1.2x to 1.5x425 274 187 217 325 1,056 — — 2,484 
1.0x to 1.2x342 83 31 165 54 513 23 — 1,211 
Less than 1.0x— 39 112 — — 165 
Total mortgage loans$2,514 $2,002 $981 $1,508 $1,271 $5,680 $139 $— $14,095 
LTV Ratios (1)
December 31, 2022
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
(in millions)
Mortgage loans:
Commercial:
0% - 50%$624 $130 $— $— $119 $1,259 $— $— $2,132 
50% - 70%2,285 1,569 906 313 623 2,254 328 — 8,278 
70% - 90%363 415 463 329 424 1,314 — 34 3,342 
90% plus— — — — 35 233 — — 268 
Total commercial$3,272 $2,114 $1,369 $642 $1,201 $5,060 $328 $34 $14,020 
Agricultural:
0% - 50%$163 $182 $228 $129 $132 $725 $— $— $1,559 
50% - 70%190 185 222 68 83 267 — — 1,015 
70% - 90%— — — — — 16 — — 16 
90% plus— — — — — — — — — 
Total agricultural$353 $367 $450 $197 $215 $1,008 $— $— $2,590 
Total mortgage loans:
0% - 50%$787 $312 $228 $129 $251 $1,984 $— $— $3,691 
50% - 70%2,475 1,754 1,128 381 706 2,521 328 — 9,293 
70% - 90%363 415 463 329 424 1,330 — 34 3,358 
90% plus— — — — 35 233 — — 268 
Total mortgage loans$3,625 $2,481 $1,819 $839 $1,416 $6,068 $328 $34 $16,610 

DSC Ratios (2)
December 31, 2022
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
(in millions)
Mortgage loans:
Commercial:
Greater than 2.0x$771 $1,159 $1,113 $102 $571 $1,923 $— $— $5,639 
1.8x to 2.0x158 215 164 197 186 482 279 — 1,681 
1.5x to 1.8x337 390 32 153 176 1,175 — 2,267 
1.2x to 1.5x1,041 259 — 92 73 917 — — 2,382 
1.0x to 1.2x507 43 60 98 160 492 45 34 1,439 
Less than 1.0x458 48 — — 35 71 — — 612 
Total commercial$3,272 $2,114 $1,369 $642 $1,201 $5,060 $328 $34 $14,020 
29

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

December 31, 2022
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
(in millions)
Agricultural:
Greater than 2.0x$51 $40 $62 $21 $12 $193 $— $— $379 
1.8x to 2.0x16 58 35 24 14 51 — — 198 
1.5x to 1.8x69 42 111 18 19 196 — — 455 
1.2x to 1.5x107 147 177 98 99 298 — — 926 
1.0x to 1.2x91 80 61 30 60 257 — — 579 
Less than 1.0x19 — 11 13 — — 53 
Total agricultural$353 $367 $450 $197 $215 $1,008 $— $— $2,590 
Total mortgage loans:
Greater than 2.0x$822 $1,199 $1,175 $123 $583 $2,116 $— $— $6,018 
1.8x to 2.0x174 273 199 221 200 533 279 — 1,879 
1.5x to 1.8x406 432 143 171 195 1,371 — 2,722 
1.2x to 1.5x1,148 406 177 190 172 1,215 — — 3,308 
1.0x to 1.2x598 123 121 128 220 749 45 34 2,018 
Less than 1.0x477 48 46 84 — — 665 
Total mortgage loans$3,625 $2,481 $1,819 $839 $1,416 $6,068 $328 $34 $16,610 
______________
(1)The LTV ratio is derived from current loan balance divided by the fair value of the property. The fair value of the underlying commercial properties is updated annually for each mortgage loan.
(2)The DSC ratio is calculated using the most recently reported operating income results from property operations divided by annual debt service.
Past-Due and Nonaccrual Mortgage Loan Status
The following table provides information relating to the aging analysis of past-due mortgage loans as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively.
Age Analysis of Past Due Mortgage Loans (1)
Accruing LoansNon-accruing LoansTotal LoansNon-accruing Loans with No AllowanceInterest Income on Non-accruing LoansAccruing LoansNon-accruing LoansTotal LoansNon-accruing Loans with No AllowanceInterest Income on Non-accruing Loans
Past DueCurrentTotalPast DueCurrentTotal
30-59 Days60-89 Days90 Days or MoreTotal30-59 Days60-89 Days90 Days or MoreTotal
(in millions)(in millions)
June 30, 2022:
June 30, 2023:June 30, 2023:
Mortgage loans:Mortgage loans:Mortgage loans:
CommercialCommercial$ $ $ $ $11,910 $11,910 $ $11,910 $ $ Commercial$ $ $ $ $14,934 $14,934 $34 $14,968 $34 $1 
AgriculturalAgricultural9 1 19 29 2,589 2,618 16 2,634   Agricultural15 4 12 31 2,491 2,522 19 2,541 3  
TotalTotal$9 $1 $19 $29 $14,499 $14,528 $16 $14,544 $ $ Total$15 $4 $12 $31 $17,425 $17,456 $53 $17,509 $37 $1 

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

December 31, 2021:
Accruing LoansNon-accruing LoansTotal LoansNon-accruing Loans with No AllowanceInterest Income on Non-accruing Loans
Past DueCurrentTotal
30-59 Days60-89 Days90 Days or MoreTotal
(in millions)
December 31, 2022:December 31, 2022:
Mortgage loans:Mortgage loans:Mortgage loans:
CommercialCommercial$— $— $— $— $11,451 $11,451 $— $11,451 $— $— Commercial$56 $— $— $56 $13,964 $14,020 $— $14,020 $— $— 
AgriculturalAgricultural25 27 2,601 2,628 16 2,644 — — Agricultural13 21 2,553 2,574 16 2,590 — — 
TotalTotal$$$25 $27 $14,052 $14,079 $16 $14,095 $— $— Total$59 $$13 $77 $16,517 $16,594 $16 $16,610 $— $— 
_______________
(1)Amounts presented at amortized cost basis.
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, the carrying values of problem mortgage loans that had been classified as non-accrual loans were $13$17 million and $14 million, respectively. The carrying values of those mortgage loans are presented net of an allowance of $2 million and $2 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Troubled Debt Restructuring
During the first quarter of 2023 we granted a modification to a $56 million commercial real estate loan, which was 0.3% of the mortgage loans on real estate. The modification reflects a pay and accrue structure where the loan was converted to interest only, and the pay rate is lower than the current rate beginning in 2023; 0.35% in 2023 and stepping up annually until it reaches the existing coupon of 5.0% in 2027. Interest between the pay rate and the coupon rate will be accrued and added to the loan monthly. Additionally, any excess cash flow above the pay rate will be applied to the loan. For the accounting policy pertaining to our TDRs see Note 2 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, the Company identified an immaterial amount of TDRs.
Equity Securities
The table below presents a breakdown of unrealized and realized gains and (losses) on equity securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and 2021..
Unrealized and Realized Gains (Losses) from Equity Securities
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)(in millions)
Net investment gains (losses) recognized during the period on securities held at the end of the periodNet investment gains (losses) recognized during the period on securities held at the end of the period$(70)$21 $(110)$40 Net investment gains (losses) recognized during the period on securities held at the end of the period$5 $(70)$2 $(110)
Net investment gains (losses) recognized on securities sold during the periodNet investment gains (losses) recognized on securities sold during the period2 10 (11)Net investment gains (losses) recognized on securities sold during the period(3)(3)(11)
Unrealized and realized gains (losses) on equity securitiesUnrealized and realized gains (losses) on equity securities$(68)$31 $(121)$44 Unrealized and realized gains (losses) on equity securities$2 $(68)$(1)$(121)
Trading Securities
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, the fair value of the Company’s trading securities was $538$873 million and $631$677 million. As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, trading securities included the General Account’s investment in Separate Accounts had carrying values of $35$47 million and $45$39 million.
The table below shows a breakdown of net investment income (loss) from trading securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021.2022.
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Net Investment Income (Loss) from Trading Securities
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)(in millions)
Net investment gains (losses) recognized during the period on securities held at the end of the periodNet investment gains (losses) recognized during the period on securities held at the end of the period$(108)$(176)$(202)$(246)Net investment gains (losses) recognized during the period on securities held at the end of the period$11 $(108)$46 $(202)
Net investment gains (losses) recognized on securities sold during the periodNet investment gains (losses) recognized on securities sold during the period4 184 6 213 Net investment gains (losses) recognized on securities sold during the period(1)(2)
Unrealized and realized gains (losses) on trading securitiesUnrealized and realized gains (losses) on trading securities(104)(196)(33)Unrealized and realized gains (losses) on trading securities10 (104)44 (196)
Interest and dividend income from trading securitiesInterest and dividend income from trading securities2 43 18 81 Interest and dividend income from trading securities7 12 18 
Net investment income (loss) from trading securitiesNet investment income (loss) from trading securities$(102)$51 $(178)$48 Net investment income (loss) from trading securities$17 $(102)$56 $(178)
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option

26


The table below shows a breakdown of net investment income (loss) from fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option during the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021.2022.

Net Investment Income (Loss) from Fixed Maturities, at Fair Value using the Fair Value Option
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)
Net investment gains (losses) recognized during the period on securities held at the end of the periodNet investment gains (losses) recognized during the period on securities held at the end of the period$(8)$(2)$(13)$(2)Net investment gains (losses) recognized during the period on securities held at the end of the period$15 $(8)$19 $(13)
Net investment gains (losses) recognized on securities sold during the periodNet investment gains (losses) recognized on securities sold during the period 6 Net investment gains (losses) recognized on securities sold during the period(12)— (14)
Unrealized and realized gains (losses) from fixed maturitiesUnrealized and realized gains (losses) from fixed maturities(8)(1)(7)— Unrealized and realized gains (losses) from fixed maturities3 (8)5 (7)
Interest and dividend income from fixed maturitiesInterest and dividend income from fixed maturities(17)(1)10 Interest and dividend income from fixed maturities(3)(17)4 (1)
Net investment income (loss) from fixed maturitiesNet investment income (loss) from fixed maturities$(25)$$(8)$10 Net investment income (loss) from fixed maturities$ $(25)$9 $(8)
Net Investment Income
The following tables provides the components of Net investment income by investment type.

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Fixed maturities$751 $622 $1,466 $1,239 
Mortgage loans on real estate198 138 375 276 
Other equity investments25 32 30 116 
Policy loans52 53 103 110 
Trading securities17 (102)56 (178)
Other investment income22 15 41 
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option(1)(25)9 (8)
Gross investment income (loss)1,064 733 2,080 1,559 
Investment expenses(28)(22)(54)(44)
Net investment income (loss)$1,036 $711 $2,026 $1,515 

Investment Gains (Losses), Net
Investment gains (losses), net, including changes in the valuation allowances and credit losses are as follows:

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Fixed maturities$(47)$(213)$(127)$(548)
Mortgage loans on real estate(7)(11)(17)(2)
Other equity investments (1) —  — 
Other(2)(8)1 (8)
Investment gains (losses), net$(56)$(232)$(143)$(558)
_____________
(1)    Investment gains (losses), net of Other equity investments includes Real Estate Held for production.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, investment results passed through to certain participating group annuity contracts as interest credited to policyholders’ account balances totaled $0 million $1 million, $1 million and $1 million.
4)     DERIVATIVES
The Company uses derivatives as part of its overall asset/liability risk management primarily to reduce exposures to equity market and interest rate risks. Derivative hedging strategies are designed to reduce these risks from an economic perspective and are all executed within the framework of a “Derivative Use Plan” approved by applicable states’ insurance law. Derivatives are generally not accounted for using hedge accounting, with the exception of TIPS and cash flow hedges, which are discussed further below. Operation of these hedging programs is based on models involving numerous estimates and assumptions, including, among others, mortality, lapse, surrender and withdrawal rates, election rates, fund performance, market volatility and interest rates. A wide range of derivative contracts are used in these hedging programs, including exchange traded equity, currency and interest rate futures contracts, total return and/or other equity swaps, interest rate swap and floor contracts, bond and bond-index total return swaps, swaptions, variance swaps and equity options, credit and foreign exchange derivatives, as well as bond and repo transactions to support the hedging. The derivative contracts are collectively managed in an effort to reduce the economic impact of unfavorable changes in guaranteed benefits’ exposures attributable to movements in capital markets. In addition, as part of its hedging strategy, the Company targets an asset level for all variable annuity products at or above a CTE98 level under most economic scenarios (CTE is a statistical measure of tail risk which quantifies the total asset requirement to sustain a loss if an event outside a given probability level has occurred. CTE98 denotes the financial resources a company would need to cover the average of the worst 2% of scenarios.)
Derivatives Utilized to Hedge Exposure to Variable Annuities with Guarantee Features
The Company has issued and continues to offer variable annuity products with GMxB features.features which are accounted for as market risk benefits. The risk associated with the GMDB feature is that under-performance of the financial markets could result in GMDB benefits, in the event of death, being higher than what accumulated policyholders’ account balances would support. The risk associated with the GMIB feature is that under-performance of the financial markets could result in the present value of GMIB, in the event of annuitization, being higher than what accumulated policyholders’ account balances would support, taking into account the relationship between current annuity purchase rates and the GMIB guaranteed annuity purchase rates. The risk associated with products that have a GMxB derivative features liabilityfeature and are accounted for as market risk benefits is that under-performance of the financial markets could result in the GMxB derivative features’features benefits being higher than what accumulated policyholders’ account balances would support.
For GMxB features, the Company retains certain risks including basis, credit spread and some volatility risk and risk associated with actual experience versus expected actuarial assumptions for mortality, lapse and surrender, withdrawal and policyholder election rates, among other things. The derivative contracts are managed to correlate with changes in the value of the GMxB features that result from financial markets movements. A portion of exposure to realized equity volatility is hedged using equity options and variance swaps and a portion of exposure to credit risk is hedged using total return swaps on fixed income indices. Additionally, the Company is party to total return swaps for which the reference U.S. Treasury securities are contemporaneously purchased from the market and sold to the swap counterparty. As these transactions result in a transfer of control of the U.S. Treasury securities to the swap counterparty, the Company derecognizes these securities with consequent gain or loss from the sale. The Company has

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

also purchased reinsurance contracts to mitigate the risks associated with GMDB features and the impact of potential market fluctuations on future policyholder elections of GMIB features contained in certain annuity contracts issued by the Company. The reinsurance of the GMIB features is accounted for as a derivative.purchased market risk benefits. In addition, on
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

June 1, 2021, we ceded legacy variable annuity policies sold by Equitable Financial between 2006-2008 (the “Block”), comprised of non-New York “Accumulator” policies containing fixed rate GMIB and/or GMDB guarantees.guarantees to CS Life. As this contract provides full risk transfer and thus has the same risk attributes as the underlying direct contracts, the benefits of this treaty are accounted for in the same manner as the underlying gross reserves and therefore the Amounts Due from Reinsurers related to the GMIB with NLG are accounted for as an embedded derivative.purchased market risk benefits.
The Company has in place an economic hedge program using interest rate swaps and U.S. Treasury futures to partially protect the overall profitability of future variable annuity sales against declining interest rates.
Derivatives Utilized to Hedge Crediting Rate Exposure on SCS, SIO, MSO and IUL Products/Investment Options
The Company hedges crediting rates in the SCS variable annuity, SIO in the EQUI-VEST variable annuity series, MSO in the variable life insurance products and IUL insurance products. These products permit the contract owner to participate in the performance of an index, ETF or commodity price movement up to a cap for a set period of time. They also contain a protection feature, in which the Company will absorb, up to a certain percentage, the loss of value in an index, ETF or commodity price, which varies by product segment.
In order to support the returns associated with these features, the Company enters into derivative contracts whose payouts, in combination with fixed income investments, emulate those of the index, ETF or commodity price, subject to caps and buffers, thereby substantially reducing any exposure to market-related earnings volatility.
Derivatives Used to Hedge Equity Market Risks Associated with the General Account’s Seed Money Investments in Retail Mutual Funds
The Company’s General Account seed money investments in retail mutual funds expose us to market risk, including equity market risk which is partially hedged through equity-index futures contracts to minimize such risk.
Derivatives Used for General Account Investment Portfolio
The Company maintains a strategy in its General Account investment portfolio to replicate the credit exposure of fixed maturity securities otherwise permissible for investment under its investment guidelines through the sale of CDS. Under the terms of these swaps, the Company receives quarterly fixed premiums that, together with any initial amount paid or received at trade inception, replicate the credit spread otherwise currently obtainable by purchasing the referenced entity’s bonds of similar maturity. These credit derivatives generally have remaining terms of five years or less and are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value, including the yield component that emerges from initial amounts paid or received, reported in net derivative gains (losses).
The Company manages its credit exposure taking into consideration both cash and derivatives based positions and selects the reference entities in its replicated credit exposures in a manner consistent with its selection of fixed maturities. In addition, the Company generally transacts the sale of CDS in single name reference entities of investment grade credit quality and with counterparties subject to collateral posting requirements. If there is an event of default by the reference entity or other such credit event as defined under the terms of the swap contract, the Company is obligated to perform under the credit derivative and, at its option, either pay the referenced amount of the contract less an auction-determined recovery amount or pay the referenced amount of the contract and receive in return the defaulted or similar security of the reference entity for recovery by sale at the contract settlement auction. The Company purchased CDS to mitigate its exposure to a reference entity through cash positions. These positions do not replicate credit spreads.
To date, there have been no events of default or circumstances indicative of a deterioration in the credit quality of the named referenced entities to require or suggest that the Company will have to perform under the CDS that it sold. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under the credit derivatives sold is limited to the par value of the referenced securities which is the dollar or euro-equivalent of the derivative’s notional amount. The Standard North American CDS Contract or Standard European Corporate Contract under which the Company executes these CDS sales transactions does not contain recourse provisions for recovery of amounts paid under the credit derivative.
The Company purchased 30-year TIPS and other sovereign bonds, both inflation linked and non-inflation linked, as General Account investments and enters into asset or cross-currency basis swaps, to result in payment of the given

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

bond’s coupons and principal at maturity in the bond’s specified currency to the swap counterparty in return for fixed dollar amounts. These swaps, when considered in combination with the bonds, together result in a net position that is
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

intended to replicate a dollar-denominated fixed-coupon cash bond with a yield higher than a term-equivalent U.S. Treasury bond.
Derivatives Utilized to Hedge Exposure to Foreign Currency Denominated Cash Flows
The Company purchases private placement debt securities and issues funding agreements in the FABN program in currencies other than its functional U.S. dollar currency. The Company enters into cross currency swaps with external counterparties to hedge the exposure of the foreign currency denominated cash flows of these instruments. The foreign currency received from or paid to the cross currency swap counterparty is exchanged for fixed U.S. dollar amounts with improved net investment yields or net product costs over equivalent U.S. dollar denominated instruments issued at that time. The transactions are accounted for as cash flow hedges when they are designated in hedging relationships and qualify for hedge accounting. The first cross currency swap hedges were designated and applied hedge accounting during the quarter ended June 30, 2021.
These cross currency swaps are for the period the foreign currency denominated private placement debt securities and funding agreement are outstanding, with the longest cross currency swap expiring in 2033. Since designationthese cross currency swaps are designated and qualificationqualify as cash flow hedges, cross currency swapthe corresponding interest accruals are recognized in Net investment income and in Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances.
The tables below present quantitative disclosures about the Company’s derivative instruments designated in hedging relationships and derivative instruments which have not been designated in hedging relationships, including those embedded in other contracts required to be accounted for as derivative instruments.
The following table presents the gross notional amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s derivatives:


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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Derivative Instruments by Category
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
 Fair ValueFair Value  Fair ValueFair Value
 Notional Amount Derivative Assets Derivative LiabilitiesNotional AmountDerivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities  Notional Amount Derivative Assets Derivative LiabilitiesNotional AmountDerivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
(in millions)(in millions)
Derivatives: designated for hedge accounting (1)Derivatives: designated for hedge accounting (1)Derivatives: designated for hedge accounting (1)
Cash flow hedges: Cash flow hedges: Cash flow hedges:
Currency swaps Currency swaps$1,307 $63 $86 $921 $$42  Currency swaps$1,633 $110 $82 $1,431 $99 $85 
Interest swaps Interest swaps954  298 955 — 395  Interest swaps954  320 955 — 294 
Total: designated for hedge accounting Total: designated for hedge accounting2,261 63 384 1,876 437  Total: designated for hedge accounting2,587 110 402 2,386 99 379 
Derivatives: not designated for hedge accounting (1)Derivatives: not designated for hedge accounting (1)Derivatives: not designated for hedge accounting (1)
Equity contracts:Equity contracts:Equity contracts:
FuturesFutures4,131 2  2,640 — Futures7,553 2 1 5,151 — 
SwapsSwaps10,340 16 10 13,378 Swaps13,073 50 10 11,188 39 
OptionsOptions37,766 6,559 3,722 48,489 12,024 5,065 Options48,468 11,305 2,851 40,122 7,583 3,412 
Interest rate contracts:Interest rate contracts:Interest rate contracts:
FuturesFutures9,824   12,575 — — Futures8,749   12,693 — — 
SwapsSwaps1,319 15 72 1,889 — 46 Swaps1,920 6 118 1,515 — 166 
Swaptions   — — — 
Credit contracts:Credit contracts:Credit contracts:
Credit default swapsCredit default swaps282 17 9 774 10 Credit default swaps284 11 8 327 18 
Currency contracts
Currency contracts:Currency contracts:
Currency swapsCurrency swaps181 9  541  Currency swaps455 1 8 397 13 
Currency forwardsCurrency forwards78 21 21 79 Currency forwards39 18 18 62 31 32 
Other freestanding contracts:Other freestanding contracts:Other freestanding contracts:
MarginMargin 224  — 125 — Margin 414  — 226 — 
CollateralCollateral 138 3,695 — 178 6,160 Collateral 158 7,273 — 142 4,472 
Total: not designated for hedge accountingTotal: not designated for hedge accounting63,921 7,001 7,529 80,365 12,351 11,293 Total: not designated for hedge accounting80,541 11,965 10,287 71,455 8,045 8,113 
Embedded derivatives:Embedded derivatives:Embedded derivatives:
Amounts due from reinsurers (5) 4,681  — 5,813 — 
GMIB reinsurance contracts (2) 1,498  — 1,848 — 
GMxB derivative features liability (3)  6,180 — — 8,525 
SCS, SIO, MSO and IUL indexed features (4)  2,636 — — 6,773 
SCS, SIO, MSO and IUL indexed features (2)SCS, SIO, MSO and IUL indexed features (2)  8,895 — — 4,164 
Total embedded derivativesTotal embedded derivatives 6,179 8,816 — 7,661 15,298 Total embedded derivatives  8,895 — — 4,164 
Total derivative instrumentsTotal derivative instruments$66,182 $13,243 $16,729 $82,241 $20,019 $27,028 Total derivative instruments$83,128 $12,075 $19,584 $73,841 $8,144 $12,656 
___________
(1)Reported in other invested assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Reported in GMIB reinsurance contract asset in the consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Reported in future policy benefits and other policyholders’ liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
(4)Reported in policyholders’ account balances in the consolidated balance sheets.
(5)Represents GMIB NLG ceded related to the Venerable Transaction.


The following table presents the effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income (loss).

Derivative Instruments by Category

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued


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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), ContinuedDerivative Instruments by Category

Three Months Ended June 30, 2023Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Net Derivatives Gain (Losses) (1)Net Investment IncomeInterest Credited To Policyholders Account BalancesAOCINet Derivatives Gain (Losses) (1)Net Investment IncomeInterest Credited To Policyholders Account BalancesAOCI
(in millions)
Derivatives: designated for hedge accounting
Cash flow hedges:
Currency swaps$2 $2 $8 $3 $10 $5 $(26)$28 
Interest swaps(16)  30 (21)  3 
Total: designated for hedge accounting(14)2 8 33 (11)5 (26)31 
Derivatives: not Designated for hedge accounting
Equity contracts:
Futures(27)   (159)   
Swaps(706)   (1,309)   
Options2,499    4,000    
Interest rate contracts:
Futures44    10    
Swaps(56)   (9)   
Credit contracts:
Credit default swaps(2)   (5)   
Currency contracts:
Currency swaps(9)   (19)   
Currency forwards        
Other freestanding contracts:
Margin        
Collateral        
Total: not designated for hedge accounting1,743    2,509    
Embedded derivatives:
SCS, SIO,MSO and IUL indexed features(2,646)   (4,256)   
Total embedded derivatives(2,646)   (4,256)   
Total derivative instruments$(917)$2 $8 $33 $(1,758)$5 $(26)$31 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)
Net Derivatives Gain(Losses) (1)Net Investment IncomeInterest Credited To Policyholders Account BalancesAOCINet Derivatives Gain(Losses) (1)Net Investment IncomeInterest Credited To Policyholders Account BalancesAOCI
Derivatives: designated for hedge accounting
Cash flow hedges:
Currency swaps$18 $1 $8 $(8)$14 $2 $(10)$5 
Interest swaps(27)  168 (41)  148 
Total: designated for hedge accounting(9)1 8 160 (27)2 (10)153 
Derivatives: not Designated for hedge accounting
Equity contracts
Futures398    456    
Swaps2,043    2,778    
Options(3,446)   (3,730)   
Interest rate contracts
Futures(546)   (1,058)   
Swaps(154)   (303)   
Swaptions        
Credit contracts
Credit default swaps13    14    
Currency contracts
Currency swaps13    18    
Currency forwards2    2    
Other freestanding contracts
Margin        
Collateral        
Total: not designated for hedge accounting(1,677)   (1,823)   
Embedded derivatives
Amounts due from reinsurers(376)   (1,142)   
GMIB reinsurance contracts(79)   (339)   
GMxB derivative features liability (2)827    2,515    
SCS, SIO,MSO and IUL indexed features3,543    3,866    
Total embedded derivatives$3,915 $ $ $ $4,900 $ $ $ 
Total derivative instruments$2,229 $1 $8 $160 $3,050 $2 $(10)$153 
______________

(1)
Reported in net derivative gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income (loss).


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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued



Three Months Ended June 30, 2021Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
(in millions)
Net Derivatives Gain(Losses) (1)Net Investment IncomeInterest Credited To Policyholders Account BalancesAOCINet Derivatives Gain(Losses) (1)Net Investment IncomeInterest Credited To Policyholders Account BalancesAOCI
Derivatives: designated for hedge accounting
Cash flow hedges:
Currency/interest rate
Currency swaps$— $— $(17)$— $— $— $(17)$— 
Interest swaps$(24)$— $— $$(28)$— $— $33 
Total: designated for hedge accounting(24)— (17)(28)— (17)33 
Derivatives: not designated for hedge accounting
Equity contracts
Futures(161)— — — (449)— — — 
Swaps(1,339)— — — (2,610)— — — 
Options1,201 — — — 2,346 — — — 
Interest rate contracts
Futures152 — — — (798)— — — 
Swaps470 — — — (2,442)— — — 
Swaptions— — — — — — — — 
Credit contracts
Credit default swaps(1)— — — (1)— — — 
Currency contracts
Currency swaps— — — — — — — — 
Currency forwards— — — — — — — 
Other freestanding contracts
Margin— — — — — — — — 
Collateral— — — — — — — — 
Total: not designated for hedge accounting322 — — — (3,953)— — — 
Embedded derivatives
Amounts due from reinsurers242 — — — 242 — — — 
GMIB reinsurance contracts120 — — — (458)— — — 
GMxB derivative features liability (2)(674)— — — 2,735 — — — 
SCS, SIO,MSO and IUL indexed features(1,183)— — — (2,328)— — �� 
Total embedded derivatives$(1,495)$— $— $— $191 $— $— $— 
Total derivative instruments$(1,197)$— $(17)$$(3,790)$— $(17)$33 
______________
(1)Reported in net derivative gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
(2)Excludes settlement fees of $45 million on CS Life reinsurance contract for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

33
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Net Derivatives Gain (Losses) (1)Net Investment IncomeInterest Credited To Policyholders Account BalancesAOCINet Derivatives Gain (Losses) (1)Net Investment IncomeInterest Credited To Policyholders Account BalancesAOCI
(in millions)
Derivatives: designated for hedge accounting
Cash flow hedges:
Currency swaps$18 $$$(8)$14 $$(10)$
Interest swaps(27)— — 168 (41)— — 148 
Total: designated for hedge accounting(9)160 (27)(10)153 
Derivatives: not Designated for hedge accounting
Equity contracts:
Futures398 — — — 456 — — — 
Swaps2,043 — — — 2,778 — — — 
Options(3,446)— — — (3,730)— — — 
Interest rate contracts:
Futures(546)— — — (1,058)— — — 
Swaps(154)— — — (303)— — — 
Credit contracts:
Credit default swaps13 — — — 14 — — — 
Currency contracts:
Currency swaps13 — — — 18 — — — 
Currency forwards— — — — — — 
Other freestanding contracts:
Margin— — — — — — — — 
Collateral— — — — — — — — 
Total: not designated for hedge accounting(1,677)— — — (1,823)— — — 
Embedded derivatives:
SCS, SIO,MSO and IUL indexed features3,544 — — — 3,867 — — — 
Total embedded derivatives3,544 — — — 3,867 — — — 
Total derivative instruments$1,858 $$$160 $2,017 $$(10)$153 
38

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

.
The following table that follow below presentpresents a roll-forward of cash flow hedges recognized in AOCI.
Roll-forward of Cash flow hedges in AOCI

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$(215)$(132)$(208)$(126)Balance, beginning of period$19 $(215)$22 $(208)
Amount recorded in AOCIAmount recorded in AOCIAmount recorded in AOCI
Currency swapsCurrency swaps3 (17) (17)Currency swaps13 6 — 
Interest swapsInterest swaps137 (56)98 (78)Interest swaps10 137 (27)98 
Total amount recorded in AOCITotal amount recorded in AOCI140 (73)98 (95)Total amount recorded in AOCI23 140 (21)98 
Amount reclassified from AOCI to incomeAmount reclassified from AOCI to incomeAmount reclassified from AOCI to income
Currency swaps(10)17 6 17 
Interest swaps31 30 50 46 
Currency swaps (1)Currency swaps (1)(10)(10)22 
Interest swaps (1)Interest swaps (1)20 31 29 50 
Total amount reclassified from AOCI to incomeTotal amount reclassified from AOCI to income21 47 56 63 Total amount reclassified from AOCI to income10 21 51 56 
Balance, end of period(2)Balance, end of period(2)$(54)$(158)$(54)$(158)Balance, end of period(2)$52 $(54)$52 $(54)
_______________
(1)    Currency swaps reclassified from AOCI to income are reported in net investment income in the consolidated statements of income (loss). Interest swaps reclassified from AOCI to income are reported in net derivative gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
(2)    The Company does not estimate the amount of the deferred losses in AOCI at three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022 which will be released and reclassified into Net income (loss) over the next 12 months as the amounts cannot be reasonably estimated.
Equity-Based and Treasury Futures Contracts Margin
All outstanding equity-based and treasury futures contracts as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022 are exchange-traded and net settled daily in cash. As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, the Company had open exchange-traded futures positions on: (i) the S&P 500, Nasdaq, Russell 2000 and Emerging Market indices, having initial margin requirements of $207$332 million and $109$247 million, (ii) the 2-year, 5-year and 10-year U.S. Treasury Notes on U.S. Treasury bonds and ultra-long bonds, having initial margin requirements of $172$96 million and $200$113 million, and (iii) the Euro Stoxx, FTSE 100, Topix, ASX 200 and EAFE indices as well as corresponding currency futures on the Euro/U.S. dollar, Pound/U.S. dollar, Australian dollar/U.S. dollar, and Yen/U.S. dollar, having initial margin requirements of $15$16 million and $16 million.
Collateral Arrangements
The Company generally has executed a CSA under the ISDA Master Agreement it maintains with each of its OTC derivative counterparties that requires both posting and accepting collateral either in the form of cash or high-quality securities, such as U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government and government agency securities and investment grade corporate bonds. The Company nets the fair value of all derivative financial instruments with counterparties for which an ISDA Master Agreement and related CSA have been executed. As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, the Company held $3.7$7.3 billion and $6.2$4.5 billion in cash and securities collateral delivered by trade counterparties, representing the fair value of the related derivative agreements. The unrestricted cash collateral is reported in other invested assets. The Company posted collateral of $138$158 million and $178$142 million as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, in the normal operation of its collateral arrangements. The Company is exposed to losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to financial derivative transactions with a positive fair value. The Company manages credit risk by: (i) entering into derivative transactions with highly rated major international financial institutions and other creditworthy counterparties governed by master netting agreements, as applicable; (ii) trading through central clearing and OTC parties; (iii) obtaining collateral, such as cash and securities, when appropriate; and (iv) setting limits on single party credit exposures which are subject to periodic management review.
Substantially all of the Company’s derivative agreements have zero thresholds which require daily full collateralization by the party in a liability position. In addition, certain of the Company’s derivative agreements contain credit-risk related contingent features; if the credit rating of one of the parties to the derivative agreement is to
39


fall below a certain level, the party with positive fair value could request termination at the then fair value or demand immediate full collateralization from the party whose credit rating fell and is in a net liability position.

34

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, there were no net liability derivative positions with counterparties with credit risk-related contingent features whose credit rating has fallen. All derivatives have been appropriately collateralized by the Company or the counterparty in accordance with the terms of the derivative agreements.
The following tables presents information about the Company’s offsetting of financial assets and liabilities and derivative instruments as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021:

2022:
Offsetting of Financial Assets and Liabilities and Derivative Instruments
As of June 30, 20222023

Gross Amount RecognizedGross Amount Offset in the Balance SheetsNet Amount Presented in the Balance SheetsGross Amount not Offset in the Balance Sheets (3)Net AmountGross Amount RecognizedGross Amount Offset in the Balance SheetsNet Amount Presented in the Balance SheetsGross Amount not Offset in the Balance Sheets (3)Net Amount
(in millions)(in millions)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Derivative assets (1)Derivative assets (1)$7,065 $6,825 $240 $ $240 Derivative assets (1)$12,074 $9,321 $2,753 $(1,367)$1,386 
Secured LendingSecured Lending29  29  29 
Other financial assetsOther financial assets1,920  1,920  1,920 Other financial assets2,453  2,453  2,453 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets$8,985 $6,825 $2,160 $ $2,160 Other invested assets$14,556 $9,321 $5,235 $(1,367)$3,868 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities (2)Derivative liabilities (2)$7,913 $6,825 $1,088 $ $1,088 Derivative liabilities (2)$9,322 $9,321 $1 $ $1 
Secured LendingSecured Lending29  $29  29 
Other financial liabilitiesOther financial liabilities3,778  3,778  3,778 Other financial liabilities6,380  6,380  6,380 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities$11,691 $6,825 $4,866 $ $4,866 Other liabilities$15,731 $9,321 $6,410 $ $6,410 
______________
(1)Excludes Investment Management and Research segment’s derivative assets of consolidated VIEs/VOEs.
(2)Excludes Investment Management and Research segment’s derivative liabilities of consolidated VIEs/VOEs.
(3)Financial instrumentsinstruments/Collateral sent (held).
As of December 31, 20212022

Gross Amount RecognizedGross Amount Offset in the Balance SheetsNet Amount Presented in the Balance SheetsGross Amount not Offset in the Balance Sheets (3)Net AmountGross Amount RecognizedGross Amount Offset in the Balance SheetsNet Amount Presented in the Balance SheetsGross Amount not Offset in the Balance Sheets (3)Net Amount
(in millions)(in millions)
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Derivative assets (1)Derivative assets (1)$12,358 $10,756 $1,602 $(961)$641 Derivative assets (1)$8,143 $7,047 $1,096 $(848)$248 
Other financial assetsOther financial assets1,989 — 1,989 — 1,989 Other financial assets2,789 — 2,789 — 2,789 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets$14,347 $10,756 $3,591 $(961)$2,630 Other invested assets$10,932 $7,047 $3,885 $(848)$3,037 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities (2)Derivative liabilities (2)$10,770 $10,756 $14 $— $14 Derivative liabilities (2)$7,645 $7,047 $598 $— $598 
Other financial liabilitiesOther financial liabilities3,919 — 3,919 — 3,919 Other financial liabilities6,510 — 6,510 — 6,510 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities$14,689 $10,756 $3,933 $— $3,933 Other liabilities$14,155 $7,047 $7,108 $— $7,108 
______________
(1)Excludes Investment Management and Research segment’s derivative assets of consolidated VIEs/VOEs.
(2)Excludes Investment Management and Research segment’s derivative liabilities of consolidated VIEs/VOEs.
(3)Financial instruments sent (held).
5)    CLOSED BLOCK
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

As a result of demutualization, the Company’s Closed Block was established in 1992 for the benefit of certain individual participating policies that were in force on that date. Assets, liabilities and earnings of the Closed Block are specifically identified to support its participating policyholders.
Assets allocated to the Closed Block inure solely to the benefit of the Closed Block policyholders and will not revert to the benefit of the Company. No reallocation, transfer, borrowing or lending of assets can be made between the Closed

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Block and other portions of the Company’s General Account, any of its Separate Accounts or any affiliate of the Company without the approval of the New York State Department of Financial Services (the “NYDFS”). Closed Block assets and liabilities are carried on the same basis as similar assets and liabilities held in the General Account. For more information on the Closed Block, see Note 6 to the Company’sCompany's consolidated financial statements included in the Recast 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.Report.
Summarized financial information for the Company’s Closed Block is as follows:
 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions)
Closed Block Liabilities:
Future policy benefits, policyholders’ account balances and other$5,806 $5,928 
Policyholder dividend obligation — 
Other liabilities66 39 
Total Closed Block liabilities5,872 5,967 
Assets Designated to the Closed Block:
Fixed maturities AFS, at fair value (amortized cost of $3,189 and $3,185) (allowance for credit losses of $0 and $0)3,054 3,390 
Mortgage loans on real estate (net of allowance for credit losses of $3 and $4)1,693 1,771 
Policy loans581 602 
Cash and other invested assets70 63 
Other assets122 90 
Total assets designated to the Closed Block5,520 5,916 
Excess of Closed Block liabilities over assets designated to the Closed Block352 51 
Amounts included in AOCI:
Net unrealized investment gains (losses), net of policyholders’ dividend obligation: $0 and $0; and net of income tax: $28 and $(43)(96)172 
Maximum future earnings to be recognized from Closed Block assets and liabilities$256 $223 

The Company’s Closed Block revenues and expenses were as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Revenues:
Premiums and other income$31 $37 $64 $76 
Net investment income (loss)55 60 113 120 
Investment gains (losses), net(3)(2)
Total revenues83 99 175 198 
Benefits and Other Deductions:
Policyholders’ benefits and dividends80 90 156 196 
Other operating costs and expenses —  
Total benefits and other deductions80 90 156 197 
Net income (loss), before income taxes3 19 
Income tax (expense) benefit3 — 4 (1)
Net income (loss)$6 $$23 $— 
 June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Closed Block Liabilities:
Future policy benefits, policyholders’ account balances and other$5,564 $5,692 
Policyholder dividend obligation — 
Other liabilities129 68 
Total Closed Block liabilities5,693 5,760 
Assets Designated to the Closed Block:
Fixed maturities AFS, at fair value (amortized cost of $3,065 and $3,171) (allowance for credit losses of $0 and $0)2,857 2,948 
Mortgage loans on real estate (net of allowance for credit losses of $4 and $4)1,649 1,645 
Policy loans556 569 
Cash and other invested assets16 — 
Other assets221 187 
Total assets designated to the Closed Block5,299 5,349 
Excess of Closed Block liabilities over assets designated to the Closed Block394 411 
Amounts included in AOCI:
Net unrealized investment gains (losses), net of policyholders’ dividend obligation: $0 and $0; and net of income tax: $44 and $47(164)(177)
Maximum future earnings to be recognized from Closed Block assets and liabilities$230 $234 


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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

A reconciliation of the Company’s policyholder dividend obligation follows:

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Beginning balance$ $28 $ $160 
Unrealized investment gains (losses) 44  (88)
Ending balance$ $72 $ $72 

6)    INSURANCE LIABILITIES
Variable Annuity Contracts – GMDB, GMIB, GIB and GWBL and Other Features
The Company has certain variable annuity contracts with GMDB, GMIB, GIB and GWBL and other features in-force that guarantee one of the following:
Return of Premium: the benefit is the greater of current account value or premiums paid (adjusted for withdrawals);
Ratchet: the benefit is the greatest of current account value, premiums paid (adjusted for withdrawals), or the highest account value on any anniversary up to contractually specified ages (adjusted for withdrawals);
Roll-Up: the benefit is the greater of current account value or premiums paid (adjusted for withdrawals) accumulated at contractually specified interest rates up to specified ages;
Combo: the benefit is the greater of the ratchet benefit or the roll-up benefit, which may include either a five year or an annual reset; or
Withdrawal: the withdrawal is guaranteed up to a maximum amount per year for life.
Liabilities for Variable Annuity Contracts with GMDB and GMIB Features without NLG Rider Feature
The change in the liabilities for variable annuity contracts with GMDB and GMIB features and without a NLG feature are summarized in the tables below. The amounts for the direct contracts (before reinsurance ceded) and assumed contracts are reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in future policy benefits and other policyholders’ liabilities. The amounts for the ceded contracts are reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in amounts due from reinsurers. The amounts for the ceded GMIB that are reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in GMIB reinsurance contract asset are at fair value.

Change in Liability for Variable Annuity Contracts with GMDB and GMIB Features and No NLG Feature
Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued


The Company’s Closed Block revenues and expenses were as follows:
GMDBGMIB
DirectAssumed
(1) (2)
CededDirectAssumed
(1) (2)
Ceded
(in millions)
Balance, April 1, 2022$5,040 $ $(2,253)$6,024 $ $(3,750)
Paid guarantee benefits(148) 61 (145) (8)
Other changes in reserve204  (84)286  51 
Balance, June 30, 2022$5,096 $ $(2,276)$6,165 $ $(3,707)
Balance, April 1, 2021$5,086 $72 $(84)$5,966 $144 $(1,907)
Paid guarantee benefits(114)(6)20 (92)11 
Other changes in reserve119 (22)31 (7)(131)
Impact of the Venerable Transaction (1) (2)— (74)(2,176)— (140)(2,141)
Balance, June 30, 2021$5,091 $— $(2,262)$5,905 $— $(4,168)
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Revenues:
Premiums and other income$29 $31 $59 $64 
Net investment income (loss)52 54 103 112 
Investment gains (losses), net (1) — 
Total revenues81 84 162 176 
Benefits and Other Deductions:
Policyholders’ benefits and dividends75 80 158 156 
Other operating costs and expenses —  — 
Total benefits and other deductions75 80 158 156 
Net income (loss), before income taxes6 4 20 
Income tax (expense) benefit(1)— (2)(2)
Net income (loss)$5 $$2 $18 

GMDBGMIB
DirectAssumed
(1) (2)
CededDirectAssumed
(1) (2)
Ceded
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2022$4,951 $ $(2,216)$5,892 $ $(3,968)
Paid guarantee benefits(281) 117 (266) 7 
Other changes in reserve426  (177)539  254 
Balance, June 30, 2022$5,096 $ $(2,276)$6,165 $ $(3,707)
Balance, January 1, 2021$5,097 $72 $(88)$6,026 $196 $(2,488)
Paid guarantee benefits(247)(12)23 (184)(49)25 
Other changes in reserve241 14 (21)63 (7)436 
Impact of the Venerable Transaction— (74)(2,176)— (140)(2,141)
Balance, June 30, 2021$5,091 $— $(2,262)$5,905 $— $(4,168)
6)    DAC AND OTHER DEFERRED ASSETS/LIABILITIES
Changes in the DAC asset for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Protection SolutionsIndividual RetirementLegacyGroup RetirementCorporate and OtherTotal
TermULVULIULGMxB CoreEIIESCSGMxB LegacyEGMomentumCB (1)
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$362 $179 $889 $185 $1,625 $156 $148 $1,279 $593 $710 $89 $127 $6,342 
Capitalization8 3 73 6 54 6 21 228 14 33 5  451 
Amortization (2)(20)(6)(28)(5)(70)(6)(7)(96)(32)(20)(9)(5)(304)
Balance, end of period$350 $176 $934 $186 $1,609 $156 $162 $1,411 $575 $723 $85 $122 $6,489 
______________
(1)Change in Assumed is driven by the sale of CSLRC to Venerable.“CB” defined as Closed Block.
(2)Includes the impact asDAC amortization of June 1, 2021 on the ceded reserves to Venerable. See Note 1 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements for details of the Venerable Transaction.
Liabilities for Embedded and Freestanding Insurance Related Derivatives
The liability for the GMxB derivative features, the liability for SCS, SIO, MSO and IUL indexed features and the asset and liability for the GMIB reinsurance contracts and amounts due from reinsurers$2 million related to GMIB NLG product features (GMIB NLG Reinsurance) are considered embedded or freestanding insurance derivatives and are reported at fair value. For the fair value of the assets and liabilities associated with these embedded or freestanding insurance derivatives, see Note 7 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements.
Account Values and Net Amount at Risk
Account Values and NAR for direct variable annuity contractsOther not reflected in force with GMDB and GMIB features as of June 30, 2022 are presented in the following tables by guarantee type. For contracts with the GMDB feature, the NAR in the event of death is the amount by which the GMDB feature exceeds the related Account Values. For contracts with the GMIB feature, the NAR in the event of annuitization is the amount by which the present value of the GMIB benefits exceed the related Account Values, taking into account the relationship between current annuity purchase rates and the GMIB guaranteed annuity purchase rates. Since variable annuity contracts with GMDB features may also offer GMIB guarantees in the same contract, the GMDB and GMIB amounts listed are not mutually exclusive.table above.
Direct Variable Annuity Contracts with GMDB and GMIB Features
as of June 30, 2022

38
42

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Guarantee Type
Return of PremiumRatchetRoll-UpComboTotal
(in millions, except age and interest rate)
Variable annuity contracts with GMDB features
Account Values invested in:
General Account$16,501$90$49$153$16,793
Separate Accounts47,4697,7452,57726,53884,329
Total Account Values$63,970$7,835$2,626$26,691$101,122
NAR, gross$720 $1,424 $1,848$22,522$26,514
NAR, net of amounts reinsured$711 $1,286 $1,337$12,051$15,385
Average attained age of policyholders (in years)51.5 69.4 75.8 71.4 55.7 
Percentage of policyholders over age 7011.9 %51.6 %73.6 %59.2 %21.0 %
Range of contractually specified interest ratesN/AN/A3% - 6%3% - 6.5%3% - 6.5%
Variable annuity contracts with GMIB features
Account Values invested in:
General Account$ $ $15$199$214
Separate Accounts  21,46127,97349,434
Total Account Values$ $ $21,476$28,172$49,648
NAR, gross$$$652$9,749$10,401
NAR, net of amounts reinsured$$$209$4,023$4,232
Average attained age of policyholders (in years)N/AN/A65.4 71.1 68.9 
Weighted average years remaining until annuitizationN/AN/A5.7 0.5 2.5 
Range of contractually specified interest ratesN/AN/A3% - 6%3% - 6.5%3% - 6.5%
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Protection SolutionsIndividual RetirementLegacyGroup RetirementCorporate and OtherTotal
TermULVULIULGMxB CoreEIIESCSGMxB LegacyEGMomentumCB (1)
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$385 $180 $799 $180 $1,653 $156 $121 $1,070 $631 $677 $94 $138 $6,084 
Capitalization72 60 21 189 16 36 — 430 
Amortization (2)(21)(6)(25)(5)(67)(6)(7)(81)(33)(20)(10)(6)(287)
Balance, end of period$373 $180 $846 $183 $1,646 $156 $135 $1,178 $614 $693 $91 $132 $6,227 
______________
(1)“CB” defined as Closed Block.
(2)DAC amortization of $2 million related to Other not reflected in table above.

For more information aboutChanges in the reinsurance programs ofIndividual Retirement sales inducement assets for the Company’s GMDBsix months ended June 30, 2023 and GMIB exposure, see “Reinsurance” in Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 2021 Form 10-K.2022 were as follows:
Separate Accounts Investments by Investment Category Underlying Variable Annuity Contracts with GMDB and GMIB Features
Six Months Ended June 30,
20232022
GMxB CoreGMxB LegacyGMxB CoreGMxB Legacy
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$137 $200 $147 $222 
Capitalization1  — 
Amortization(6)(11)(6)(11)
Balance, end of period$132 $189 $142 $211 
The total Account Values of variable annuity contracts with GMDB and GMIB features include amounts allocated to the guaranteed interest option, which is part of the General Account and variable investment options that invest through Separate Accounts in variable insurance trusts. The following table presents the aggregate fair value of assets, by major investment category, held by Separate Accounts that support variable annuity contracts with GMDB and GMIB features. The investment performance of the assets impacts the related Account Values and, consequently, the NAR associated with the GMDB and GMIB benefits and guarantees. Because the Company’s variable annuity contracts offer both GMDB and GMIB features, GMDB and GMIB amounts are not mutually exclusive.

39Changes in the Protection Solutions unearned revenue liability for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
Six Months Ended June 30,
20232022
ULVULIULULVULIUL
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$95 $684 $157 $80 $619 $94 
Capitalization9 56 33 11 50 36 
Amortization(3)(22)(5)(3)(20)(3)
Balance, end of period$101 $718 $185 $88 $649 $127 

43

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Investment in Variable Insurance Trust Mutual FundsThe following table presents a reconciliation of DAC to the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Protection Solutions
Term$350 $362 
Universal Life176 179 
Variable Universal Life934 889 
Indexed Universal Life186 185 
Individual Retirement
GMxB Core1,609 1,625 
EQUI-VEST Individual156 156 
Investment Edge162 148 
SCS1,411 1,279 
Legacy Segment
GMxB Legacy575 593 
Group Retirement
EQUI-VEST Group723 710 
Momentum85 89 
Corporate and Other122 127 
Other23 27 
Total$6,512 $6,369 

 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Mutual Fund TypeGMDBGMIBGMDBGMIB
(in millions)
Equity$39,786 $14,596 $52,771 $20,015 
Fixed income4,738 2,179 5,391 2,507 
Balanced38,682 32,396 48,390 40,491 
Other1,123 263 1,025 263 
Total$84,329 $49,434 $107,577 $63,276 
Hedging ProgramsAnnually, or as circumstances warrant, we will review the associated decrements assumptions. (i.e. mortality and lapse) based on our multi-year average of companies experience with actuarial judgements to reflect other observable industry trends. In addition to DAC, the unearned revenue liability and sales inducement asset (“SIA”) use similar techniques and quarterly update processes for GMDB, GMIB, GIB and Other Features
The Company has a program intended to hedge certain risks associated first with the GMDB feature and with the GMIB feature of the Accumulator series of variable annuity products. The program has also been extended to cover other guaranteed benefits as they have been made available. This program utilizes derivative contracts, such as exchange-traded equity, currency and interest rate futures contracts, total return and/or equity swaps, interest rate swap and floor contracts, swaptions, variance swaps as well as equity options, that collectively are managed in an effort to reduce the economic impact of unfavorable changes in guaranteed benefits’ exposures attributable to movements in the capital markets. At the present time, this program hedges certain economic risks on products sold from 2001 forward, to the extent such risks are not externally reinsured.
These programs do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Therefore, gains (losses) on the derivatives contracts used in these programs, including current period changes in fair value, are recognized in net derivative gains (losses) in the period in which they occur, and may contribute to income (loss) volatility.
Variable and Interest-Sensitive Life Insurance Policies – NLG
The NLG feature contained in variable and interest-sensitive life insurance policies keeps them in force in situations where the policy value is not sufficient to cover monthly charges then due. The NLG remains in effect so long as the policy meets a contractually specified premium funding test and certain other requirements.
The change in the NLG liabilities, reflected in future policy benefits and other policyholders’ liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, is summarized in the table below.
Direct Liability (1)
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Beginning balance$1,112 $1,050 $1,096 $1,022 
Paid guarantee benefits(8)(13)(16)(28)
Other changes in reserves30 33 54 76 
Ending balance$1,134 $1,070 $1,134 $1,070 
_____________
(1)There were no amounts of reinsurance ceded in any period presented.amortization.
7)    FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
U.S. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value, and identifies three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1    Unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 1 fair values generally are supported by market transactions that occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

40

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Level 2    Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and inputs to model-derived valuations that are directly observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3    Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity and often requiring significant management judgment or estimation, such as an entity’s own assumptions about the cash flows or other significant components of value that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
The Company uses unadjusted quoted market prices to measure fair value for those instruments that are actively traded in financial markets. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured using present value or other valuation techniques. The fair value determinations are made at a specific point in time, based on available market information and judgments about the financial instrument, including estimates of the timing and amount of expected future cash flows and the credit standing of counterparties. Such adjustments do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument, nor do they consider the tax impact of the realization of unrealized gains or losses. In many cases, the fair value cannot be substantiated by direct comparison to independent markets, nor can the disclosed value be realized in immediate settlement of the instrument.
44

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Management is responsible for the determination of the value of investments carried at fair value and the supporting methodologies and assumptions. Under the terms of various service agreements, the Company often utilizes independent valuation service providers to gather, analyze, and interpret market information and derive fair values based upon relevant methodologies and assumptions for individual securities. These independent valuation service providers typically obtain data about market transactions and other key valuation model inputs from multiple sources and, through the use of widely accepted valuation models, provide a single fair value measurement for individual securities for which a fair value has been requested. As further described below with respect to specific asset classes, these inputs include, but are not limited to, market prices for recent trades and transactions in comparable securities, benchmark yields, interest rate yield curves, credit spreads, quoted prices for similar securities, and other market-observable information, as applicable. Specific attributes of the security being valued also are considered, including its term, interest rate, credit rating, industry sector, and when applicable, collateral quality and other security- or issuer-specific information. When insufficient market observable information is available upon which to measure fair value, the Company either will request brokers knowledgeable about these securities to provide a non-binding quote or will employ internal valuation models. Fair values received from independent valuation service providers and brokers and those internally modeled or otherwise estimated are assessed for reasonableness.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Fair value measurements are required on a non-recurring basis for certain assets only when an impairment or other events occur. For the period ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized impairment adjustments and impairment losses, respectively, to adjust the carrying value of held-for-sale asset and liabilities to their fair value less cost to sell. The value is measured on a nonrecurring basis and categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value was determined using a market approach, estimated based on the negotiated value of the asset and liabilities. See Note 20 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details of the Held-for-Sale assets and liabilities. As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, no assets or liabilities were required to be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below.

4145

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 20222023

Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
(in millions) (in millions)
Assets
Assets:Assets:
InvestmentsInvestmentsInvestments
Fixed maturities, AFS:Fixed maturities, AFS:Fixed maturities, AFS:
Corporate (1)Corporate (1)$ $44,675 $1,767 $46,442 Corporate (1)$ $42,006 $2,037 $44,043 
U.S. Treasury, government and agencyU.S. Treasury, government and agency 6,979  6,979 U.S. Treasury, government and agency 5,895  5,895 
States and political subdivisionsStates and political subdivisions 617 30 647 States and political subdivisions 526 27 553 
Foreign governmentsForeign governments 959  959 Foreign governments 768  768 
Residential mortgage-backed (2)Residential mortgage-backed (2) 509  509 Residential mortgage-backed (2) 1,290  1,290 
Asset-backed (3)Asset-backed (3) 8,315 18 8,333 Asset-backed (3) 9,469  9,469 
Commercial mortgage-backedCommercial mortgage-backed 3,316 25 3,341 Commercial mortgage-backed 3,255 34 3,289 
Redeemable preferred stockRedeemable preferred stock 44  44 Redeemable preferred stock 44  44 
Total fixed maturities, AFSTotal fixed maturities, AFS 65,414 1,840 67,254 Total fixed maturities, AFS 63,253 2,098 65,351 
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value optionFixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option 1,139 423 1,562 Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option 1,357 217 1,574 
Other equity investments (7)(4)Other equity investments (7)(4)305 495 13 813 Other equity investments (7)(4)239 471 53 763 
Trading securitiesTrading securities280 206 52 538 Trading securities308 509 56 873 
Other invested assets:Other invested assets:Other invested assets:
Short-term investmentsShort-term investments7 164 50 221 Short-term investments 776  776 
Assets of consolidated VIEs/VOEsAssets of consolidated VIEs/VOEs75 386 5 466 Assets of consolidated VIEs/VOEs70 253 52 375 
SwapsSwaps (363) (363)Swaps (370) (370)
Credit default swapsCredit default swaps 9  9 Credit default swaps 3  3 
FuturesFutures2   2 Futures1   1 
OptionsOptions 2,837  2,837 Options 8,454  8,454 
Total other invested assetsTotal other invested assets84 3,033 55 3,172 Total other invested assets71 9,116 52 9,239 
Cash equivalentsCash equivalents2,764 548  3,312 Cash equivalents4,388 1,637  6,025 
Segregated securitiesSegregated securities 1,747  1,747 Segregated securities 879  879 
Amounts due from reinsurer (6)  4,681 4,681 
GMIB reinsurance contracts asset  1,498 1,498 
Separate Accounts assets (4)113,384 2,555 1 115,940 
Purchased market risk benefitsPurchased market risk benefits  9,931 9,931 
Assets for market risk benefitsAssets for market risk benefits  777 777 
Separate Accounts assets (5)Separate Accounts assets (5)120,781 2,542 1 123,324 
Total AssetsTotal Assets$116,817 $75,137 $8,563 $200,517 Total Assets$125,787 $79,764 $13,185 $218,736 
Liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIE’s, at fair value using the fair value option (5)$ $1,387 $ $1,387 
GMxB derivative features’ liability  6,180 6,180 
Liabilities:Liabilities:
Notes issued by consolidated VIE’s, at fair value using the fair value option (6)Notes issued by consolidated VIE’s, at fair value using the fair value option (6)$ $1,461 $ $1,461 
SCS, SIO, MSO and IUL indexed features’ liabilitySCS, SIO, MSO and IUL indexed features’ liability 2,636  2,636 SCS, SIO, MSO and IUL indexed features’ liability 8,895  8,895 
Liabilities of consolidated VIEs and VOEsLiabilities of consolidated VIEs and VOEs15 4  19 Liabilities of consolidated VIEs and VOEs1 2  3 
Liabilities for market risk benefitsLiabilities for market risk benefits  13,642 13,642 
Contingent payment arrangementsContingent payment arrangements  42 42 Contingent payment arrangements  250 250 
Total LiabilitiesTotal Liabilities$15 $4,027 $6,222 $10,264 Total Liabilities$1 $10,358 $13,892 $24,251 
______________
(1)Corporate fixed maturities includes both public and private issues.
(2)Includes publicly traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized obligations.
(3)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, credit risk transfer securities and other asset types.
(4)Includes short position equity securities of $14 million that are reported in other liabilities.
(5)Separate Accounts assets included in the fair value hierarchy exclude investments in entities that calculate NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. Such investments excluded from the fair value hierarchy include investments in real estate. As of June 30, 2022,2023, the fair value of such investments was $438$402 million.

42

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

(5)(6)Includes CLO short-term debt of $245 million, which is inclusive as fair valued within Notes issued by consolidated VIE’s, at fair value using the fair value option. Accrued interest payable of $8$23 million is reported in Notes issued by consolidated VIE’s, at fair value using the fair value option in the consolidated balance sheets, which is not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
(6)This represents GMIB NLG ceded reserves related to the Venerable Transaction. See Note 1 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements for details of the Venerable Transaction.
(7)Includes short position equity securities of $15 million that are reported in other liabilities.
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2021

Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
 (in millions)
Assets
Investments
Fixed maturities, AFS:
Corporate (1)$— $51,007 $1,504 $52,511 
U.S. Treasury, government and agency— 15,385 — 15,385 
States and political subdivisions— 627 35 662 
Foreign governments— 1,152 — 1,152 
Residential mortgage-backed (2)— 98 — 98 
Asset-backed (3)— 5,926 5,934 
Commercial mortgage-backed (2)— 2,401 20 2,421 
Redeemable preferred stock— 53 — 53 
Total fixed maturities, AFS— 76,649 1,567 78,216 
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option01,440 201 1,641 
Other equity investments322 457 784 
Trading securities340 226 65 631 
Other invested assets:

Short-term investments— 30 — 30 
Assets of consolidated VIEs/VOEs166 450 11 627 
Swaps— (473)— (473)
Credit default swaps— (1)— (1)
Futures(1)— — (1)
Options— 6,959 — 6,959 
Swaptions— — — — 
Total other invested assets165 6,965 11 7,141 
Cash equivalents3,275 293 — 3,568 
Segregated securities— 1,504 — 1,504 
Amounts due from reinsurer— — 5,813 5,813 
GMIB reinsurance contracts asset— — 1,848 1,848 
Separate Accounts assets (4)144,124 2,572 146,697 
Total Assets$148,226 $90,106 $9,511 $247,843 
Liabilities
Notes issued by consolidated VIE’s, at fair value using the fair value option (5)$— $1,277 $— $1,277 
GMxB derivative features’ liability— — 8,525 8,525 
SCS, SIO, MSO and IUL indexed features’ liability— 6,773 — 6,773 
Liabilities of consolidated VIEs and VOEs16 — 18 
Contingent payment arrangements— — 38 38 
Total Liabilities$16 $8,052 $8,563 $16,631 
______________

4346

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
 (in millions)
Assets:
Investments
Fixed maturities, AFS:
Corporate (1)$— $41,450 $2,121 $43,571 
U.S. Treasury, government and agency— 5,837 — 5,837 
States and political subdivisions— 499 28 527 
Foreign governments— 836 — 836 
Residential mortgage-backed (2)— 788 34 822 
Asset-backed (3)— 8,490 — 8,490 
Commercial mortgage-backed (2)— 3,203 32 3,235 
Redeemable preferred stock— 43 — 43 
Total fixed maturities, AFS— 61,146 2,215 63,361 
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option— 1,284 224 1,508 
Other equity investments (4)214 497 12 723 
Trading securities290 332 55 677 
Other invested assets:

Short-term investments— 943 — 943 
Assets of consolidated VIEs/VOEs131 393 529 
Swaps— (425)— (425)
Credit default swaps— — 
Futures— — 
Options— 4,171 — 4,171 
Total other invested assets133 5,091 5,229 
Cash equivalents2,386 501 — 2,887 
Segregated securities— 1,522 — 1,522 
Purchased market risk benefits— — 10,423 10,423 
Assets for market risk benefits— — 490 490 
Separate Accounts assets (5)111,744 2,436 114,181 
Total Assets$114,767 $72,809 $13,425 $201,001 
Liabilities:
Notes issued by consolidated VIE’s, at fair value using the fair value option (6)$— $1,374 $— $1,374 
SCS, SIO, MSO and IUL indexed features’ liability— 4,164 — 4,164 
Liabilities of consolidated VIEs and VOEs15 — 22 
Liabilities for market risk benefits— — 15,766 15,766 
Contingent payment arrangements— — 247 247 
Total Liabilities$15 $5,545 $16,013 $21,573 
______________
(1)Corporate fixed maturities includes both public and private issues.
(2)Includes publicly traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized obligations.
(3)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages and other asset types and credit tenant loans.
(4)Includes short position equity securities of $12 million that are reported in other liabilities.
(5)Separate Accounts assets included in the fair value hierarchy exclude investments in entities that calculate NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. Such investments excluded from the fair value hierarchy include investments in real estate and commercial mortgages. As of December 31, 2021,2022, the fair value of such investments was $404$456 million.
(5)(6)Includes CLO short-term debt of $92$239 million, which is inclusive as fair valued within Notes issued by consolidated VIE’s, at fair value using the fair value option Accruedaccrued interest payable of $6$15 million is reported in Notesnotes issued by consolidated VIE’s, at fair value using the fair value option in the consolidated balance sheets, which is not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
47

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued



Public Fixed Maturities
The fair values of the Company’s public fixed maturities, including those accounted for using the fair value option are generally based on prices obtained from independent valuation service providers and for which the Company maintains a vendor hierarchy by asset type based on historical pricing experience and vendor expertise. Although each security generally is priced by multiple independent valuation service providers, the Company ultimately uses the price received from the independent valuation service provider highest in the vendor hierarchy based on the respective asset type, with limited exception. To validate reasonableness, prices also are internally reviewed by those with relevant expertise through comparison with directly observed recent market trades. Consistent with the fair value hierarchy, public fixed maturities validated in this manner generally are reflected within Level 2, as they are primarily based on observable pricing for similar assets and/or other market observable inputs.
Private Fixed Maturities
The fair values of the Company’s private fixed maturities, including those accounted for using the fair value option are determined from prices obtained from independent valuation service providers. Prices not obtained from an independent valuation service provider are determined by using a discounted cash flow model or a market comparable company valuation technique. In certain cases, these models use observable inputs with a discount rate based upon the average of spread surveys collected from private market intermediaries who are active in both primary and secondary transactions, taking into account, among other factors, the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer and the reduced liquidity associated with private placements. Generally, these securities have been reflected within Level 2. For certain private fixed maturities, the discounted cash flow model or a market comparable company valuation technique may also incorporate unobservable inputs, which reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset. To the extent management determines that such unobservable inputs are significant to the fair value measurement of a security, a Level 3 classification generally is made.
Notes issued by consolidated VIE’s, at fair value using the fair value option
These notes are based on the fair values of corresponding fixed maturity collateral. The CLO liabilities are also reduced by the fair value of the beneficial interests the Company retains in the CLO and the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services. As the notes are valued based on the reference collateral, they are classified as Level 2 or 3. See “Fair Value Option” below for additional information.
Freestanding Derivative Positions
The net fair value of the Company’s freestanding derivative positions as disclosed in Note 4 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements are generally based on prices obtained either from independent valuation service providers or derived by applying market inputs from recognized vendors into industry standard pricing models. The majority of these derivative contracts are traded in the OTC derivative market and are classified in Level 2. The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities traded in the OTC market are determined using quantitative models that require use of the contractual terms of the derivative instruments and multiple market inputs, including interest rates, prices, and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, including overnight index swap curves, and volatility factors, which then are applied to value the positions. The predominance of market inputs is actively quoted and can be validated through external sources or reliably interpolated if less observable.
Level Classifications of the Company’s Financial Instruments
Financial Instruments Classified as Level 1
Investments classified as Level 1 primarily include redeemable preferred stock, trading securities, cash equivalents and Separate Accounts assets. Fair value measurements classified as Level 1 include exchange-traded prices of fixed maturities, equity securities and derivative contracts, and net asset values for transacting subscriptions and redemptions

44

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

of mutual fund shares held by Separate Accounts. Cash equivalents classified as Level 1 include money market accounts, overnight commercial paper and highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less and are carried at cost as a proxy for fair value measurement due to their short-term nature.
48

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Financial Instruments Classified as Level 2
Investments classified as Level 2 are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and primarily include U.S. government and agency securities, certain corporate debt securities and financial assets and liabilities accounted for using the fair value option, such as public and private fixed maturities. As market quotes generally are not readily available or accessible for these securities, their fair value measures are determined utilizing relevant information generated by market transactions involving comparable securities and often are based on model pricing techniques that effectively discount prospective cash flows to present value using appropriate sector-adjusted credit spreads commensurate with the security’s duration, also taking into consideration issuer-specific credit quality and liquidity. Segregated securities classified as Level 2 are U.S. Treasury bills segregated by AB in a special reserve bank custody account for the exclusive benefit of brokerage customers, as required by Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act and for which fair values are based on quoted yields in secondary markets.
Observable inputs generally used to measure the fair value of securities classified as Level 2 include benchmark yields, reported secondary trades, issuer spreads, benchmark securities and other reference data. Additional observable inputs are used when available, and as may be appropriate, for certain security types, such as prepayment,pre-payment, default, and collateral information for the purpose of measuring the fair value of mortgage- and asset-backed securities. The Company’s AAA-rated mortgage- and asset-backed securities are classified as Level 2 for which the observability of market inputs to their pricing models is supported by sufficient, albeit more recently contracted, market activity in these sectors.
Certain Company products, such as the SCS, EQUI-VEST variable annuity products, IUL and the MSO fund available in some life contracts, offer investment options which permit the contract owner to participate in the performance of an index, ETF or commodity price. These investment options, which depending on the product and on the index selected, can currently have one, three, five or six year terms, provide for participation in the performance of specified indices, ETF or commodity price movement up to a segment-specific declared maximum rate. Under certain conditions that vary by product, e.g., holding these segments for the full term, these segments also shield policyholders from some or all negative investment performance associated with these indices, ETF or commodity prices. These investment options have defined formulaic liability amounts, and the current values of the option component of these segment reserves are classified as Level 2 embedded derivatives. The fair values of these embedded derivatives are based on data obtained from independent valuation service providers.
Financial Instruments Classified as Level 3
The Company’s investments classified as Level 3 primarily include corporate debt securities and financial assets and liabilities accounted for using the fair value option, such as private fixed maturities and asset-backed securities. Determinations to classify fair value measures within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy generally are based upon the significance of the unobservable factors to the overall fair value measurement. Included in the Level 3 classification are fixed maturities with indicative pricing obtained from brokers that otherwise could not be corroborated to market observable data.
The Company also issueshas certain benefits on its variable annuity productscontracts with GMDB, GMIB, GIB and GWBL and other features in-force that are accountedguarantee one of the following:
Return of Premium: the benefit is the greater of current account value or premiums paid (adjusted for as derivatives and are also considered Level 3. withdrawals);
Ratchet: the benefit is the greatest of current account value, premiums paid (adjusted for withdrawals), or the highest account value on any anniversary up to contractually specified ages (adjusted for withdrawals);
Roll-Up: the benefit is the greater of current account value or premiums paid (adjusted for withdrawals) accumulated at contractually specified interest rates up to specified ages;
Combo: the benefit is the greater of the ratchet benefit or the roll-up benefit, which may include either a five year or an annual reset; or
Withdrawal: the withdrawal is guaranteed up to a maximum amount per year for life.

49

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

The GMIB NLGGMIBNLG feature allows the policyholder to receive guaranteed minimum lifetime annuity payments based on predetermined annuity purchase rates applied to the contract’s benefit base if and when the contract account value is depleted and the NLG feature is activated. The optional GMIB feature allows the policyholder to receive guaranteed minimum lifetime annuity payments based on predetermined annuity purchase rates.
The GMWB feature allows the policyholder to withdraw at minimum, over the life of the contract, an amount based on the contract’s benefit base. The GWBL feature allows the policyholder to withdraw, each year for the life of the contract, a specified annual percentage of an amount based on the contract’s benefit base. The GMAB feature increases the contract account value at the end of a specified period to a GMAB base. The GIB feature provides a lifetime annuity based on predetermined annuity purchase rates if and when the contract account value is depleted. This lifetime annuity is based on predetermined annuity purchase rates applied to a GIB base. The GMDB feature guarantees that the benefit paid upon death will not be less than a guaranteed benefit base. If the contract’s account value is less than the benefit base at the time a death claim is paid, the amount payable will be equal to the benefit base.
These are accounted for as market risk benefits carried at fair value and are also considered Level 3 also includes the GMIB reinsurance contractfor fair value leveling.
Purchased MRB assets, which are accounted for as derivative contracts. The GMIB reinsurance contract asset and liabilities’market risk benefits carried at fair value reflects the presentare also considered Level 3 for fair value of reinsurance premiums, net of recoveries, and risk margins over a range of market consistent economic scenarios while GMxB derivative features liability reflects the present value of expected future payments (benefits) less fees, adjusted for risk margins and

45

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

nonperformance risk, attributable to GMxB derivative features’ liability over a range of market-consistent economic scenarios. 
Also included are the Amounts due from Reinsurers related to the GMIB NLG product features (GMIB NLG Reinsurance).leveling. The Purchased MRB asset fair value reflects the present value of reinsurance premiums, net of recoveries, adjusted for risk margins and nonperformance risk over a range of market consistent economic scenarios while the MRB asset and liability reflects the present value of expected future payments (benefits) less fees, adjusted for risk margins and nonperformance risk, attributable to the MRB asset and liability over a range of market-consistent economic scenarios.
The valuations of the GMIB reinsurance contract asset, GMIB NLG ReinsuranceMRBs and GMxB derivative features liabilityPurchased MRB assets incorporate significant non-observable assumptions related to policyholder behavior, risk margins and equity projections of equity Separate AccountAccounts funds. The credit risks of the counterparty and of the Company are considered in determining the fair values of its GMIB reinsurance contract asset, GMIB NLG ReinsuranceMRBs and GMxB derivative features liability positions, respectively,Purchased MRB assets after taking into account the effects of collateral arrangements. Incremental adjustment to the U.S. Treasuryrisk free curve for counterparty non-performance risk is made to the fair values of the GMIB reinsurance contract asset, GMIB NLG Reinsurance and GMIB NLG feature to reflect the claims-paying ratings of counterparties and the Company. Due to the unique, long duration of the GMIB NLG feature and GMIB NLG Reinsurance, riskPurchased MRB assets. Risk margins were applied to the non-capital markets inputs to the GMIB NLGMRBs and Purchased MRB valuations.
After giving consideration to collateral arrangements, the impact toCompany reduced the fair value of its GMIB reinsurance contractPurchased MRB asset was a decrease of $148 millionby $1.1 billion and $107 million$1.1 billion as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, to recognize incremental counterparty non-performance risk.
After giving consideration to collateral arrangements, the impact to the fair value of its Amounts due from Reinsurers was a decrease of $213 million and $210 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 to recognize incremental counterparty non-performance risk.
Lapse rates are adjusted at the contract level based on a comparison of the actuarial calculated guaranteed values and the current policyholder account value, which include other factors such as considering surrender charges. Generally, lapse rates are assumed to be lower in periods when a surrender charge applies. A dynamic lapse function reduces the base lapse rate when the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value as in-the-money contracts are less likely to lapse. For valuing the embedded derivative, lapse rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected.
The Company’s Level 3 liabilities include contingent payment arrangements associated with acquisitions in 20162020 and 20192022 by AB. At each reporting date, AB estimates the fair values of the contingent consideration expected to be paid based upon revenue and discount rate projections, using unobservable market data inputs, which are included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company’s consolidated VIEs/VOEs hold investments that are classified as Level 3, primarily corporate bonds that are vendor priced with no ratings available, bank loans, non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities.
Transfers of Financial Instruments Between Levels 2 and 3
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, fixed maturities with fair values of $495 million were transferred out of Level 3 and into Level 2 principally due to the availability of trading activity and/or market observable inputs to measure and validate their fair values. In addition, fixed maturities with fair value of $118 million were transferred from Level 2 into the Level 3 classification. These transfers in the aggregate represent approximately 11.7% of total equity as of June 30, 2023.
During the six months ended June 30, 2022, fixed maturities with fair values of $184 million were transferred out of Level 3 and into Level 2 principally due to the availability of trading activity and/or market observable inputs to measure and validate their fair values. In addition, fixed maturities with fair value of $250 million were transferred from Level 2 into the Level 3 classification. These transfers in the aggregate represent approximately 6.2%6.1% of total equity as of June 30, 2022.
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, fixed maturities with fair values of $792 million were transferred out of Level 3 and into Level 2 principally due to the availability of trading activity and/or market observable inputs to measure and validate their fair values. In addition, fixed maturities with fair value of $17 million were transferred from Level 2 into the Level 3 classification. These transfers in the aggregate represent approximately 6.1% of total equity as of June 30, 2021.

46
50

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued


The tables below present reconciliations for all Level 3 assets and liabilities and changes in unrealized gains (losses) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Not included below are the changes in balances related to market risk benefits and 2021, respectively.purchased market risk benefits level 3 assets and liabilities, which are included in Note 9 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements.

CorporateState and Political SubdivisionsAsset-backedCMBSTrading Securities, at Fair ValueFixed maturities, at FVOThree Months Ended June 30, 2023
CorporateState and Political SubdivisionsAsset-backedCMBSRMBSTrading Securities, at Fair ValueFixed maturities, at FVO
Balance, April 1, 2022$1,683 $32 $332 $238 $52 $342 
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$1,950 $28 $12 $34 $ $55 $196 
Total gains and (losses), realized and unrealized, included in:Total gains and (losses), realized and unrealized, included in:Total gains and (losses), realized and unrealized, included in:
Net income (loss) as:Net income (loss) as:Net income (loss) as:
Net investment income (loss)Net investment income (loss)1     4 Net investment income (loss)1      (4)
Investment gains (losses), netInvestment gains (losses), net(1)     Investment gains (losses), net(8)     (2)
SubtotalSubtotal     4 Subtotal(7)     (6)
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)(50)(2)(1)(1)  Other comprehensive income (loss)(8)      
PurchasesPurchases327 — (313)(212) 64 Purchases205  (12)  1 62 
SalesSales(74)—    (24)Sales(71)(1)    (35)
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEsActivity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs— —     Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs—       
Transfers into Level 3 (1)Transfers into Level 3 (1)(5)—    (3)Transfers into Level 3 (1)11      51 
Transfers out of Level 3 (1)Transfers out of Level 3 (1)(114)—    40 Transfers out of Level 3 (1)(43)     (51)
Balance, June 30, 2022$1,767 $30 $18 $25 $52 $423 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$2,037 $27 $ $34 $ $56 $217 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$ $ $ $ $ $4 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$ $ $ $ $ $ $(4)
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$(50)$(2)$ $ $ $ Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$(8)$ $ $ $ $ $ 
Balance, April 1, 2021$1,255 $38 $65 $$39 $142 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
CorporateState and Political SubdivisionsAsset-backedCMBSRMBSTrading Securities, at Fair ValueFixed maturities, at FVO
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$1,683 $32 $332 $238 $— $52 $342 
Total gains and (losses), realized and unrealized, included in:Total gains and (losses), realized and unrealized, included in:Total gains and (losses), realized and unrealized, included in:
Net income (loss) as:Net income (loss) as:Net income (loss) as:
Net investment income (loss)Net investment income (loss)— — — — Net investment income (loss)— — — — — 
Investment gains (losses), netInvestment gains (losses), net(6)— — — — — Investment gains (losses), net(1)— — — — — — 
SubtotalSubtotal(4)— — — — Subtotal— — — — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)Other comprehensive income (loss)17 — — — — — Other comprehensive income (loss)(50)(2)(1)(1)— — — 
PurchasesPurchases294 — 74 — 42 Purchases327 — (313)(212)— — 64 
SalesSales(137)(1)(11)— — (1)Sales(74)— — — — — (24)
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEsActivity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs— — — — — — Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs— — — — — — — 
Transfers into Level 3 (1)Transfers into Level 3 (1)— — — — — Transfers into Level 3 (1)(5)— — — — — (3)
Transfers out of Level 3 (1)Transfers out of Level 3 (1)(164)— — — — (51)Transfers out of Level 3 (1)(114)— — — — — 40 
Balance, June 30, 2021$1,261 $37 $128 $10 $39 $148 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$— $— $— $— $— $
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$17 $— $— $— $— $— 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$1,767 $30 $18 $25 $— $52 $423 

4751

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

_____
CorporateState and Political SubdivisionsAsset-backedCMBSTrading Securities, at Fair ValueFixed maturities, at FVO
Balance, January 1, 2022$1,504 $35 $8 $20 $65 $201 
Total gains and (losses), realized and unrealized, included in:
Net income (loss) as:
Net investment income (loss)2      
Investment gains (losses), net    (13) 
Subtotal2    (13) 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(81)(4)(1)(2)  
Purchases559 — 12 7  153 
Sales(161)(1)(1)  (53)
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs— —     
Transfers into Level 3 (1)65 —    185 
Transfers out of Level 3 (1)(121)—    (63)
Balance, June 30, 2022$1,767 $30 $18 $25 $52 $423 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$ $ $ $ $(13)$ 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$(79)$(4)$(1)$(2)$ $ 
Balance, January 1, 2021$1,702 $39 $20 $— $39 $80 
Total gains and (losses), realized and unrealized, included in:
Net income (loss) as:
Net investment income (loss)— — — — 11 
Investment gains (losses), net(12)— — — — — 
Subtotal(9)— — — — 11 
Other comprehensive income (loss)26 (1)— — — — 
Purchases459 — 124 10 — 130 
Sales(206)(1)(16)— — (9)
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs— — — — — 0
Transfers into Level 3 (1)— — — — 15 
Transfers out of Level 3 (1)(713)— — — — (79)
Balance, June 30, 2021$1,261 $37 $128 $10 $39 $148 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$— $— $— $— $— $11 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$26 $(1)$— $— $— $— 
________
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$— $— $— $— $— $— $
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$(50)$(2)$— $— $— $— $— 
______
(1)Transfers into/out of the Level 3 classification are reflected at beginning-of-period fair values.
(2)For instruments held as of June 30, 2022 or2023 and June 30, 2021,2022, amounts are included in net investment income or net derivative gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income (loss) or unrealized gains (losses) on investments in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2023Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Other Equity Investments (3)Separate Accounts AssetsContingent Payment ArrangementOther Equity Investments (3)Separate Accounts AssetsContingent Payment Arrangement
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$15 $1 $(248)$11 $— $(37)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in Net income (loss) as:
Investment gains (losses), reported in net investment income   — — — 
Net derivative gains (losses)   — — — 
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)   — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)   — — — 
Purchases44   57 — (3)
Sales   — — 
Settlements   — — — 
Other  (2)— — — 
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs47   (1)— (2)
Transfers into Level 3 (1)(1)  — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (1)   — — — 
Balance, end of period$105 $1 $(250)$67 $$(42)
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$ $ $ $— $— $— 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$ $ $ $— $— $— 
______
(1)Transfers into/out of the Level 3 classification are reflected at beginning-of-period fair values.
(2)For instruments held as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, amounts are included in net investment income or net derivative gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income (loss) or unrealized gains (losses) on investments in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(3)Other Equity Investments include other invested assets.

48
52

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
CorporateState and Political SubdivisionsAsset-backedCMBSRMBSTrading Securities, at Fair ValueFixed maturities, at FVO
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$2,121 $28 $ $32 $34 $55 $224 
Total gains and (losses), realized and unrealized, included in:
Net income (loss) as:
Net investment income (loss)3      (1)
Investment gains (losses), net(11)     (2)
Subtotal(8)     (3)
Other comprehensive income (loss)10       
Purchases376   2  1 74 
Sales(162)(1)    (35)
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs—       
Transfers into Level 3 (1)11      107 
Transfers out of Level 3 (1)(311)   (34) (150)
Balance, end of period$2,037 $27 $ $34 $ $56 $217 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$9 $ $ $ $ $ $(2)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
CorporateState and Political SubdivisionsAsset-backedCMBSRMBSTrading Securities, at Fair ValueFixed maturities, at FVO
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$1,504 $35 $$20 $— $65 $201 
Total gains and (losses), realized and unrealized, included in:
Net income (loss) as:
Net investment income (loss)— — — — — — 
Investment gains (losses), net— — — — — (13)— 
Subtotal— — — — (13)— 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(81)(4)(1)(2)— — — 
Purchases559 — 12 — — 153 
Sales(161)(1)(1)— — — (53)
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs— — — — — — — 
Transfers into Level 3 (1)65 — — — — — 185 
Transfers out of Level 3 (1)(121)— — — — — (63)
Balance, end of period$1,767 $30 $18 $25 $— $52 $423 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$— $— $— $— $— $(13)$— 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$(79)$(4)$(1)$(2)$— $— $— 
53

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Other Equity Investments (7)GMIB Reinsurance Contract AssetAmounts Due from ReinsurersSeparate Accounts AssetsGMxB Derivative Features LiabilityContingent Payment Arrangement
Balance, April 1, 2022$11 $1,582 $5,056 $ $(6,925)$(37)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in Net income (loss) as:
Investment gains (losses), reported in net investment income      
Net derivative gains (losses) (1) (79)(376) 827  
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) (79)(376) 827  
Other comprehensive income (loss)      
Purchases (2)57 11 28  (116)(3)
Sales (3) (16)(27)1 34  
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs(1)    (2)
Transfers into Level 3 (4)      
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)      
Balance, June 30, 2022$67 $1,498 $4,681 $1 $(6,180)$(42)
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (6)$ $(79)$(376)$ $827 $ 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (6)$ $ $ $ $ $ 
Balance, April 1, 2021$83 $1,907 $— $— $(7,824)$(36)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in Net income (loss) as:
Investment gains (losses), reported in net investment income18 — — — — — 
Net derivative gains (losses) (1) (5)— 120 242 — (673)— 
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)18 120 242 — (673)— 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — 
Purchases (2)— 11 10 (121)(1)
Sales (3)(12)(1)— 23 — 
Other— — 5,259 — — — 
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs— — — — — (1)
Transfers into Level 3 (4)— — — — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)— — — — 140 — 
Balance, June 30, 2021$103 $2,026 $5,510 $$(8,455)$(38)
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (6)$18 $120 $242 $— $(673)$— 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (6)$— $— $— $— $— $— 



49

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Other Equity Investments (7)GMIB Reinsurance Contract AssetAmounts Due from ReinsurersSeparate Accounts AssetsGMxB Derivative Features LiabilityContingent Payment Arrangement
Balance, January 1, 2022$16 $1,848 $5,815 $1 $(8,525)$(38)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in Net income (loss) as:
Investment gains (losses), reported in net investment income      
Net derivative gains (losses) (1) (339)(1,142) 2,515  
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) (339)(1,142) 2,515  
Other comprehensive income (loss)      
Purchases (2)57 21 61  (236)(2)
Sales (3) (32)(53) 66  
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs(3)    (2)
Transfers into Level 3 (4)  0   
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)(3)     
Balance, June 30, 2022$67 $1,498 $4,681 $1 $(6,180)$(42)
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (6)$ $(339)$(1,142)$ $2,515 $ 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (6)$ $ $ $ $ $ 
Balance, January 1, 2021$84 $2,488 $— $$(11,131)$(28)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in Net income (loss) as:
Investment gains (losses), reported in net investment income19 — — — — — 
Net derivative gains (losses) (1) (5)— (458)242 — 2,735 — 
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)19 (458)242 — 2,735 — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — 
Purchases (2)21 10 (240)(8)
Sales (3)(1)(25)(1)— 41 — 
Other— — 5,259 — — — 
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs(2)— — — — (2)
Transfers into Level 3 (4)— — — — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)— — — (1)140 — 
Balance, June 30, 2021$103 $2,026 $5,510 $$(8,455)$(38)
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (6)$19 $(458)$242 $— $2,735 $— 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (6)$— $— $— $— $— $— 
____________________
(1)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s non-performance risk impact of $395 million , $(60) million, $878 million and $20 million for the GMxB Derivative Features Liability, $(37) million ,$16 million, $(74) million and $1 million for the GMIB Reinsurance Contract Asset, and $(35) million, $12 million, $(77) million and $12 million for the Amounts due from Reinsurers is recorded through Net derivative gains (losses), respectively.

50

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

(2)For the GMIB reinsurance contract asset, Amounts Due from Reinsurers and GMxB derivative features liability, represents attributed fee.
(3)For the GMIB reinsurance contract asset and Amounts Due from Reinsurers, represents recoveries from reinsurers and for GMxB derivative features liability represents benefits paid.
(4) Transfers into/out of the Level 3 classification are reflected at beginning-of-period fair values.
(5) For the (2)six months ended June 30, 2021, GMxB Derivative Features Liability excludes settlement fees on CS Life reinsurance
contract of $45 million.
(6) For instruments held as of June 30, 2022 or2023 and June 30, 2021,2022, amounts are included in net investment income or net derivative gains
(losses) in the consolidated statements of income (loss) or unrealized gains (losses) on investments in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(7)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Other Equity Investments (3)Separate Accounts AssetsContingent Payment ArrangementOther Equity Investments (3)Separate Accounts AssetsContingent Payment Arrangement
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$17 $1 $(247)$16 $$(38)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in Net income (loss) as:
Investment gains (losses), reported in net investment income(3)  — — — 
Net derivative gains (losses)   — — — 
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)(3)  — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)   — — — 
Purchases44  57 — (2)
Sales   — — — 
Settlements  1 — — — 
Other  (4)— — — 
Activity related to consolidated VIEs/VOEs47   (3)— (2)
Transfers into Level 3 (1)   — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (1)   (3)— — 
Balance, end of period$105 $1 $(250)$67 $$(42)
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$(3)$ $ $— $— $— 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for instruments held at the end of the reporting period (2)$ $ $ $— $— $— 
_____________

(1)Transfers into/out of the Level 3 classification are reflected at beginning-of-period fair values.
(2)For instruments held as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, amounts are included in net investment income or net derivative gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income (loss) or unrealized gains (losses) on investments in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(3)Other Equity Investments include other invested assets and short term investments.

assets.
51

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Quantitative and Qualitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The following tables disclose quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements by category for assets and liabilities as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively.
54

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 20222023

Fair

Value
Valuation
Technique
Significant
Unobservable Input
RangeWeighted Average (2)
 (Dollars in millions)
Assets:
Investments:
Fixed maturities, AFS:
Corporate$247366 Matrix pricing modelSpread over Benchmark20 bps - 803320 bps151154 bps
8851,074 Market comparable 
companies
EBITDA multiples
Discount rate
Cash flow multiples
Loan to value
5.2x5.3x - 31.8x33.7x
8.0%8.9% - 38.5%22.7%
1.2x0.7x - 11.6x14.5x
0.0% - 44.4%64.0%
13.4x14.1x
10.2%10.9%
6.6x
25.9%14.3%
Trading Securities,securities, at Fair Valuefair value5255 Discounted Cash Flowcash flow
Earnings multiple
Discount factor
Discount years
7.3x8.3x
10.0%
117
Other equity investments42 Market comparable companiesDiscounted cash flowRevenue multipleEarnings Multiple7.1x6.8x - 9.5x14.7x8.5x8.0x
GMIB reinsurance contractPurchased MRB asset (1) (2) (4)1,4989,931 Discounted cash flow
Lapse rates
Withdrawal Ratesrates
GMIB Utilization Ratesrates
Non-performance risk
Volatility rates - Equity
Mortality: Ages 0-40
Ages 41-60
Ages 61-115

0.45%-20.86%0.26%-26.23%
0.27%-8.66%0.06%-10.93%
0.04%-60.44%-66.66%
11156 bps - 169141 bps
15%-34%11%-27%
0.01%-0.17%
0.06%-0.53%-0.52%
0.31%0.32%-40.00%
2.80%1.64%
0.98%0.45%
5.87%7.10%
11360 bps
24%23%
2.83%
(same for all ages)
(same for all ages)
Amount Due from Reinsurers4,681Discounted Cash Flow
Lapse rates
Withdrawal Rates
GMIB Utilization Rates
Non-performance risk (bps)
Volatility rates - Equity
Mortality: Ages 0-40
Ages 41-60
Ages 61-115
0.45%-20.86%
0.27%-8.66%
0.04%-60.44%
59 bps
15%-34%
0.01%-0.17%
0.06%-0.53%
0.31%-40.00%


1.80%
1.24%
8.19%
59 bps
24%
2.13%2.91%
(same for all ages)
(same for all ages)
Liabilities:

52

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Fair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Significant
Unobservable Input
RangeWeighted Average (2)
AB Contingent Consideration Payableconsideration payable42$250 Discounted cash flow
Expected revenue growth rates
Discount rate
2.0% - 83.9%
1.9% - 10.4%
7.9%10.3%
7.0%4.6%
GMIB NLGDirect MRB (1) (2) (3) (4)6,19812,865 Discounted cash flow
Non-performance risk
Lapse rates
Withdrawal rates
Annuitization rates
Mortality rates (1):
Mortality: Ages 0 - 400-40
Ages 41-60
Ages 61-115
191192 bps
1.04%-23.57%0.26%-35.42%
0.27%-8.66%0.00%-10.93%
0.03%0.04%-100.00%

0.01%-0.17%
0.01%-0.19%0.06%-0.52%
0.07%-0.57%
0.44%-43.60%0.32%-40.00%
191192 bps
3.73%3.27%
1.14%0.68%
5.94%4.93%

1.60%2.39%
(same for all ages)
(same for all ages)
GWBL/GMWB65Discounted cash flow
Lapse rates
Withdrawal Rates
Utilization Rates

Volatility rates - Equity
Non-performance risk(bps)
0.60%-20.86%
0.00%-8.00%
100% once starting
15%-34%
191 bps
2.80%
0.98%


24%
GIB(82)Discounted cash flow
Lapse rates
Withdrawal Rates
Utilization Rates
Volatility rates - Equity
Non-performance risk(bps)
0.60%-20.86%
0.13%-8.66%
0.04%-100.00%
15% - 34%
191 bps
2.80%
0.98%
5.87%
24%
GMAB(1)Discounted cash flow
Lapse rates
Volatility rates - Equity
Non-performance risk(bps)
0.60%-20.86%
15%-34%
191 bps
2.80%
24%
______________
(1)Mortality rates vary by age and demographic characteristic such as gender. Mortality rate assumptions are based on a combination of company and industry experience. A mortality improvement assumption is also applied. For any given contract, mortality rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuating the embedded derivatives.
(2)For lapses, withdrawals,Lapses and utilizations thepro-rata withdrawal rates were weighted by counts;developed as a function of the policy account value. Dollar for mortality weighted averagedollar withdrawal rates were developed as a function of the dollar for dollar threshold, the dollar for dollar limit. Utilization rates were developed as a function of the benefit base.
(3)MRB liabilities are shown for all ages combined;net of MRB assets. Net amount is made up of $13.6 billion of MRB liabilities and for withdrawals the weighted averages were based on an estimated split$777 million of partial withdrawalMRB assets.
(4)Includes Legacy and dollar-for-dollar withdrawals.Core products.
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 20212022

Fair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Significant
Unobservable Input
RangeWeighted Average (2)
(in millions)
Assets:
Investments:
Fixed maturities, AFS:
Corporate$258 Matrix pricing modelSpread over benchmark20 bps - 270 bps144 bps
888 Market comparable companies
EBITDA multiples
 Discount rate
 Cash flow multiples
Loan to value
4.9x - 62.3x
6.2% - 21.5%
0.5x-10.0x
3.1%-63.4%
13.0x
9.1%
5.5x
30.8%
Trading Securities, at Fair Value65 Discounted cash flow
Earnings multiple
Discounts factor
Discount years
7.3x
10.00%
11
Other equity investmentsMarket comparable companiesRevenue multiple7.8x - 10.3x9.5x

5355

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Fair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Significant
Unobservable Input
RangeWeighted Average (2)
 (Dollars in millions)
Assets:
GMIB reinsurance contract assetInvestments:
Fixed maturities, AFS:
Corporate1,848$417 Matrix pricing modelSpread over benchmark20 bps - 797 bps205 bps
1,029 Market comparable companies
EBITDA multiples
 Discount rate
 Cash flow multiples
Loan to value
5.3x - 35.8x
9.0% - 45.7%
0.0x-10.3x
0.0%-40.4%
13.6x
11.9%
6.1x
12.0%
Trading securities, at fair value55 Discounted cash flow
Non-performance riskEarnings multiple
Lapse ratesDiscounts factor
Withdrawal rates
Utilization rates
Volatility rates - Equity
Mortality rates (1):
Ages 0 - 40
Ages 41 - 60
Ages 60 - 115Discount years
57 bps - 93 bps8.3x
0.45% - 20.86%10.00%
0.27% - 8.66%
0.04% - 60.44%
11% - 31%

0.01% - 0.17%
0.06% - 0.53%
0.31% - 40.00%7
60 bps
2.65%
0.93%
5.27%
24%

2.79%
(same for all ages)
(same for all ages)
Amount Due from ReinsurersOther equity investments5,813Market comparable companiesRevenue multiple0.5x - 10.8x2.4x
Purchased MRB asset (1) (2) (4)10,423 Discounted Cash Flowcash flow
Lapse rates
Withdrawal Ratesrates
GMIB Utilization Ratesrates
Non-performance risk (bps)
Volatility rates - Equity
Mortality: Ages 0-40
Ages 41-60
Ages 61-115

0.26% - 26.23%
0.06% - 10.93%
0.04% - 66.66%
54 bps - 124 bps
14% - 32%
0.01% - 0.17%
0.06% - 0.52%
0.32% - 40.00%
0.45%-20.86%1.58%
0.27%-8.66%0.69%
0.04%-60.44%7.39%
37 bps
11%-31%
0.01%-0.17%
0.06%-0.53%
0.31%-40.00%



1.70%
1.18%
7.20%
3769 bps
24%
2.17%2.87%
(same for all ages)
(same for all ages)
Liabilities:
AB Contingent Consideration Payableconsideration payable38$247 Discounted cash flow
Expected revenue growth rates
Discount rate
2.0% - 83.9%
1.9% - 10.4%
11.9%11.5%
7.0%4.5%
GMIB NLGDirect MRB (1) (2) (3) (4)8,50315,276 Discounted cash flow
Non-performance risk
Lapse rates
Withdrawal rates
Annuitization rates
Mortality rates (1):Mortality: Ages 0-40
Ages 0 - 4041-60
Ages 41 - 60
Ages 60 - 11561-115
111157 bps
1.04%0.26% - 23.57%35.42%
0.27%0.00% - 8.66%10.93%
0.03% -100.00%

0.04% - 100.00%
0.01% - 0.19%0.17%
0.07%0.06% - 0.57%0.52%
0.44%0.32% - 43.60%40.00%
111157 bps
3.55%3.01%
1.04%0.68%
5.24%5.53%

1.62%2.43%
(same for all ages)
(same for all ages)
GWBL/GMWB99 Discounted cash flow
Non-performance risk
Lapse rates
Withdrawal rates
Utilization rates

Volatility rates - Equity
111 bps
0.60%-20.86%
0.00%-8.00%
100% once starting
11%-31%

2.65%
0.93%


24%
GIB(75)Discounted cash flow
Non-performance risk
Lapse rates
Withdrawal rates
Utilization rates
Volatility rates - Equity
111 bps
0.60%-20.86%
0.13%-8.66%
0.04%-100.00%
11%-31%

2.65%
0.93%
5.27%
24%
GMAB(3)Discounted cash flow
Non-performance risk
Lapse rates
Volatility rates - Equity
111 bps
0.60%-20.86%
11%-31%

2.65%
24%
______________
(1)Mortality rates vary by age and demographic characteristic such as gender.gender and benefits elected with the policy. Mortality rate assumptions are based on a combination of company and industry experience. A mortality improvement assumption is also applied. For any given contract, mortality rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuating the embedded derivatives.
(2)For lapses, withdrawals,Lapses and utilizations thepro-rata withdrawal rates were weighted by counts;developed as a function of the policy account value. Dollar for mortality weighted averagedollar withdrawal rates were developed as a function of the dollar for dollar threshold, the dollar for dollar limit. Utilization rates were developed as a function of the benefit base.
(3)MRB liabilities are shown for all ages combined;net of MRB assets. Net amount is made up of $15.8 billion of MRB liabilities and for withdrawals the weighted averages were based on an estimated split$490 million of partial withdrawalMRB assets.
(4)Includes Legacy and dollar-for-dollar withdrawals.Core products.

5456

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Level 3 Financial Instruments for which Quantitative Inputs are Not Available
Certain Privately Placed Debt Securities with Limited Trading Activity
Excluded from the tables above as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, are approximately $1.2$1.0 billion and $635 million$1.0 billion of Level 3 fair value measurements of investments for which the underlying quantitative inputs are not developed by the Company and are not readily available. These investments primarily consist of certain privately placed debt securities with limited trading activity, including residential mortgage- and asset-backed instruments, and their fair values generally reflect unadjusted prices obtained from independent valuation service providers and indicative, non-binding quotes obtained from third-party broker-dealers recognized as market participants. Significant increases or decreases in the fair value amounts received from these pricing sources may result in the Company’s reporting significantly higher or lower fair value measurements for these Level 3 investments.
The fair value of private placement securities is determined by application of a matrix pricing model or a market comparable company value technique. The significant unobservable input to the matrix pricing model valuation technique is the spread over the industry-specific benchmark yield curve. Generally, an increase or decrease in spreads would lead to directionally inverse movement in the fair value measurements of these securities. The significant unobservable input to the market comparable company valuation technique is the discount rate. Generally, a significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate would result in significantly lower (higher) fair value measurements of these securities.
Residential mortgage-backed securities classified as Level 3 primarily consist of non-agency paper with low trading activity. Included in the tables above as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, there were no Level 3 securities that were determined by application of a matrix pricing model and for which the spread over the U.S. Treasury curve is the most significant unobservable input to the pricing result. Generally, a change in spreads would lead to directionally inverse movement in the fair value measurements of these securities.
Asset-backed securities classified as Level 3 primarily consist of non-agency mortgage loan trust certificates, including subprime and Alt-A paper, credit risk transfer securities, and equipment financings. Included in the tables above as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, there were no securities that were determined by the application of matrix-pricing for which the spread over the U.S. Treasury curve is the most significant unobservable input to the pricing result. Significant increases (decreases) in spreads would have resulted in significantly lower (higher) fair value measurements.
Other Equity Investments
Included in other equity investments classified as Level 3 are venture capital securities in the Technology, Media and Telecommunications industries. The fair value measurements of these securities include significant unobservable inputs including an enterprise value to revenue multiples and a discount rate to account for liquidity and various risk factors. Significant increases (decreases) in the enterprise value to revenue multiple inputs in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
GMIB Reinsurance Contract Asset, Amounts Due from Reinsurers and GMxB Derivative FeaturesMarket Risk Benefits
Significant unobservable inputs with respect to the fair value measurement of the Level 3 GMIB reinsurance contract assetPurchased MRB assets and the Level 3MRB liabilities identified in the table above are developed using Company data.
The significant Future policyholder behavior is an unobservable inputs used inmarket assumption and as such all aspects of policyholder behavior are derived based on recent historical experience. These policyholder behaviors include lapses, pro-rata withdrawals, dollar for dollar withdrawals, GMIB utilization, deferred mortality and payout phase mortality. Many of these policyholder behaviors have dynamic adjustment factors based on the fairrelative value measurement of the Company’srider as compared to the account value in different economic environments. This applies to all variable annuity related products; products with GMxB riders including but not limited to GMIB, reinsuranceGMDB, and GWL.
Lapse rates are adjusted at the contract asset arelevel based on a comparison of the value of the embedded GMxB rider and the current policyholder account value, which include other factors such as considering surrender charges. Generally, lapse rates withdrawal rates, and GMIB utilization rates. Significant increasesare assumed to be lower in GMIB utilization rates or decreases in lapse or withdrawal rates in isolation would tend to increase the GMIB reinsurance contract asset.
Fair value measurement of the GMIB reinsurance contract asset, GMIB NLG Reinsurance and liabilities includesperiods when a surrender charge applies. A dynamic lapse and GMIB utilization assumptions whereby projected contractual lapses and GMIB utilization reflectfunction reduces the projected net amount of risks of the contract. As the net amount of risk of a contract increases, the assumedbase lapse rate decreaseswhen the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value as in-the-money contracts are less likely to lapse. For valuing Purchased MRB assets and the GMIB utilization increases. Increases in volatility would increase the asset and liabilities.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s GMIB NLG liability and GMIB NLG Reinsurance areMRB liabilities, lapse rates withdrawal rates, GMIB utilization rates, adjustment for non-performance risk and NLG forfeiture rates. NLG forfeiture ratesvary throughout the period over which cash flows are caused by excess withdrawals above the annual GMIB accrual rate that cause the NLG to expire. Significant decreases in lapse rates, NLG forfeiture rates, adjustment for non-performance risk and GMIB utilization rates would tend to increase the GMIB NLG liability and GMIB NLGprojected.

55
57

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Reinsurance, while decreases in withdrawal rates and volatility rates would tend to decrease the GMIB NLG liability and GMIB NLG Reinsurance.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s GMWB and GWBL liability are lapse rates and withdrawal rates. Significant increases in withdrawal rates or decreases in lapse rates in isolation would tend to increase these liabilities. Increases in volatility would increase these liabilities.
Carrying Value of Financial Instruments Not Otherwise Disclosed in Note 3 and Note 4 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements
The carrying values and fair values as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022 for financial instruments not otherwise disclosed in Note 3 and Note 4 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in the table below.
Carrying Values and Fair Values for Financial Instruments Not Otherwise Disclosed

Carrying
Value
Fair Value Carrying
Value
Fair Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
(in millions)(in millions)
June 30, 2022:
June 30, 2023:June 30, 2023:
Mortgage loans on real estateMortgage loans on real estate$14,480 $ $ $13,258 $13,258 Mortgage loans on real estate$17,364 $ $ $15,472 $15,472 
Policy loansPolicy loans$4,020 $ $ $4,993 $4,993 Policy loans$4,061 $ $ $4,379 $4,379 
Policyholders’ liabilities: Investment contractsPolicyholders’ liabilities: Investment contracts$2,031 $ $ $1,916 $1,916 Policyholders’ liabilities: Investment contracts$1,783 $ $ $1,632 $1,632 
FHLB funding agreementsFHLB funding agreements$7,287 $ $7,241 $ $7,241 FHLB funding agreements$8,878 $ $8,784 $ $8,784 
FABN funding agreementsFABN funding agreements$6,671 $ $6,077 $ $6,077 FABN funding agreements$6,747 $ $6,163 $ $6,163 
Short-term and long-term debt (1)$3,840 $ $3,753 $ $3,753 
Funding agreement-backed commercial paper (FABCP)Funding agreement-backed commercial paper (FABCP)$580 $ $590 $ $590 
Short-term debt (1)Short-term debt (1)$ $ $ $ $ 
Long-term debtLong-term debt$3,819 $ $3,562 $ $3,562 
Separate Accounts liabilitiesSeparate Accounts liabilities$10,292 $ $ $10,292 $10,292 Separate Accounts liabilities$10,813 $ $ $10,813 $10,813 
December 31, 2021:
December 31, 2022:December 31, 2022:
Mortgage loans on real estateMortgage loans on real estate$14,033 $— $— $14,308 $14,308 Mortgage loans on real estate$16,481 $— $— $14,690 $14,690 
Policy loansPolicy loans$4,024 $— $— $5,050 $5,050 Policy loans$4,033 $— $— $4,349 $4,349 
Policyholders’ liabilities: Investment contractsPolicyholders’ liabilities: Investment contracts$2,035 $— $— $2,103 $2,103 Policyholders’ liabilities: Investment contracts$1,916 $— $— $1,750 $1,750 
FHLB funding agreementsFHLB funding agreements$6,647 $— $6,679 $— $6,679 FHLB funding agreements$8,505 $— $8,390 $— $8,390 
FABN funding agreementsFABN funding agreements$6,689 $— $6,626 $— $6,626 FABN funding agreements$7,095 $— $6,384 $— $6,384 
Short-term and long-term debt (1)$3,839 $— $4,544 $— $4,544 
Short-term debt (1)Short-term debt (1)$520 $— $518 $— $518 
Long-term debtLong-term debt$3,322 $— $3,130 $— $3,130 
Separate Accounts liabilitiesSeparate Accounts liabilities$11,620 $— $— $11,620 $11,620 Separate Accounts liabilities$10,236 $— $— $10,236 $10,236 
_____________
(1)As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021 excludes2022, excludes CLO short-term debt of $245$0 million and $92$239 million,, which is inclusive as fair valued within Notesnotes issued by consolidated VIE’s, at fair value using the fair value option.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Fair values for commercial and agricultural mortgage loans on real estate are measured by discounting future contractual cash flows to be received on the mortgage loan using interest rates at which loans with similar characteristics and credit quality would be made. The discount rate is derived based on the appropriate U.S. Treasury rate with a like term to the remaining term of the loan to which a spread reflective of the risk premium associated with the specific loan is added. Fair values for mortgage loans anticipated to be foreclosed and problem mortgage loans are limited to the fair value of the underlying collateral, if lower.

56

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Policy Loans
The fair value of policy loans is calculated by discounting expected cash flows based upon the U.S. Treasury yield curve and historical loan repayment patterns.
Short-term and Long-term Debt
The Company’s short-term debt primarily includes commercial paper withlong-term debt that has been reclassified to short-term maturities and carrying value approximatesdue to an upcoming maturity date within one year. The fair value. values for the Company’s short-term debt are determined by Bloomberg’s evaluated pricing service, which uses direct observations or observed comparables.
58

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Long-term Debt
The fair values for the Company’s long-term debt are determined by Bloomberg’s evaluated pricing service, which uses direct observations or observed comparables.
FHLB Funding Agreements
The fair values of the Company’sEquitable Financial’s FHLB long term funding agreementsagreements’ fair values are determined by discounted cash flow analysis based on the indicative funding agreementmarket rates published by the FHLB.FHLB, provided to AB and modeled for each note’s FMV. FHLB Short-term funding agreements’ fair values are reflective of notional/par value plus accrued interest.
FABN Funding Agreements
The fair values of Equitable Financial’s FABN funding agreements are determined by Bloomberg’s evaluated pricing service, which uses direct observations or observed comparables.
FABCP Funding Agreements
The fair value of Equitable Financial’s FABCP funding agreements are reflective of the notional/par value outstanding.
Policyholder Liabilities - Investment Contracts and Separate Accounts Liabilities
The fair values for deferred annuities and certain annuities, which are included in Policyholders’ account balances, and liabilities for investment contracts with fund investments in Separate Accounts, are estimated using projected cash flows discounted at rates reflecting current market rates. Significant unobservable inputs reflected in the cash flows include lapse rates and withdrawal rates. Incremental adjustments may be made to the fair value to reflect non-performance risk. Certain other products such as the Company’s association plans contracts, supplementary contracts not involving life contingencies, Access Accounts and Escrow Shield Plus product reserves are held at book value.
Financial Instruments Exempt from Fair Value Disclosure or Otherwise Not Required to be Disclosed
Exempt from Fair Value Disclosure Requirements
Certain financial instruments are exempt from the requirements for fair value disclosure, such as insurance liabilities other than financial guarantees and investment contracts, limited partnerships accounted for under the equity method and pension and other postretirement obligations.
Otherwise Not Required to be Included in the Table Above
The Company’s investment in COLI policies are recorded at their cash surrender value and are therefore not required to be included in the table above. See Note 2
59

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

8)    LIABILITIES FOR FUTURE POLICYHOLDER BENEFITS
The following table summarizes balances and changes in the liability for further descriptionfuture policy benefits for nonparticipating traditional and limited pay contracts for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Protection SolutionsIndividual RetirementLegacyCorporate & OtherProtection SolutionsIndividual RetirementLegacyCorporate & Other
TermPayoutPayoutGroup PensionHealthTermPayoutPayoutGroup PensionHealth
(in millions)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of period$2,100 $ $ $ $(5)$2,485 $— $— $— $22 
Beginning balance at original discount rate2,078    (5)1,864 — — — 19 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions8    (1)— — — — — 
Effect of actual variances from expected experience4    (6)62 — — — (12)
Adjusted beginning of period balance2,090    (12)1,926 — — — 
Issuances32     45 — — — — 
Interest accrual50     48 — — — — 
Net premiums collected(100)   1 (97)— — — — 
Ending Balance at original discount rate2,072    (11)1,922 — — — 
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions36     174 — — — 
Balance, end of period$2,108 $ $ $ $(11)$2,096 $— $— $— $


Six Months Ended June 30, 2023Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Protection SolutionsIndividual RetirementLegacyCorporate & OtherProtection SolutionsIndividual RetirementLegacyCorporate & Other
TermPayoutPayoutGroup PensionHealthTermPayoutPayoutGroup PensionHealth
(Dollars in millions)
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of period$3,465 $828 $2,689 $523 $1,553 $4,294 $1,114 $2,547 $683 $2,092 
Beginning balance of original discount rate3,391 845 3,024 583 1,795 3,241 883 2,400 632 1,915 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions9    (1)— — — — — 
Effect of actual variances from expected experience5    (6)68 — (2)— (13)
Adjusted beginning of period balance3,405 845 3,024 583 1,788 3,309 883 2,398 632 1,902 
Issuances34 26 473   47 14 342 — — 
Interest accrual84 19 44 10 29 83 20 32 11 31 
Benefits payments(183)(46)(131)(34)(71)(219)(51)(96)(35)(84)
Ending Balance at original discount rate3,340 844 3,410 559 1,746 3,220 866 2,676 608 1,849 
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions91 (10)(309)(56)(224)310 36 (233)(36)(154)
60

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Protection SolutionsIndividual RetirementLegacyCorporate & OtherProtection SolutionsIndividual RetirementLegacyCorporate & Other
TermPayoutPayoutGroup PensionHealthTermPayoutPayoutGroup PensionHealth
(Dollars in millions)
Balance, end of period$3,431 $834 $3,101 $503 $1,522 $3,530 $902 $2,443 $572 $1,695 
Impact of flooring LFPB at zero1     — — — — — 
Net liability for future policy benefits$1,324 $834 $3,101 $503 $1,533 $1,437 $902 $2,443 $572 $1,687 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable24  (680) (1,217)14 — (276)— (1,342)
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$1,348 $834 $2,421 $503 $316 $1,451 $902 $2,167 $572 $345 
Weighted-average duration of liability for future policyholder benefits (years)7.09.47.87.18.87.59.68.47.28.9


The following table reconciles the net liability for future policy benefits and liability of death benefits to the liability for future policy benefits in the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Reconciliation
Term$1,324 $1,365 
Individual Retirement - Payout834 828 
Legacy - Payout3,101 2,689 
Group Pension - Benefit Reserve & DPL503 523 
Health1,533 1,558 
UL1,145 1,109 
Subtotal8,440 8,072 
  Whole Life Closed Block and Open Block products5,542 5,664 
Other (1)890 908 
Future policyholder benefits total14,872 14,644 
  Other policyholder funds and dividends payable1,914 1,959 
Total$16,786 $16,603 
_____________
(1)Primarily consists of Future policy benefits related to Protective Life and Annuity, Assumed Life and Disability, Group Life Run off, Variable Interest Sensitive Life rider and Employee Benefits.
The following table provides the amount of undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefits and expenses related to nonparticipating traditional and limited payment contracts as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Term
Expected future benefit payments and expenses (undiscounted)$5,918 $6,022 
Expected future gross premiums (undiscounted)7,134 7,273 
Expected future benefit payments and expenses (discounted; AOCI basis)3,431 3,465 
Expected future gross premiums (discounted; AOCI basis)3,875 3,904 
Payout - Legacy
Expected future benefit payments and expenses (undiscounted)4,533 3,947 
61

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Expected future gross premiums (undiscounted) — 
Expected future benefit payments and expenses (discounted; AOCI basis)3,018 2,607 
Expected future gross premiums (discounted; AOCI basis) — 
Payout
Expected future benefit payments and expenses (undiscounted)1,446 1,460 
Expected future gross premiums (undiscounted) — 
Expected future benefit payments and expenses (discounted; AOCI basis)806 801 
Expected future gross premiums (discounted; AOCI basis) — 
Group Pension
Expected future benefit payments and expenses (undiscounted)698 730 
Expected future gross premiums (undiscounted) — 
Expected future benefit payments and expenses (discounted; AOCI basis)483 563 
Expected future gross premiums (discounted; AOCI basis) — 
Health
Expected future benefit payments and expenses (undiscounted)2,432 2,510 
Expected future gross premiums (undiscounted)91 99 
Expected future benefit payments and expenses (discounted; AOCI basis)1,503 1,533 
Expected future gross premiums (discounted; AOCI basis)$72 $78 

The tables below summarize the revenue and interest related to nonparticipating traditional and limited payment contracts for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
Gross PremiumInterest Accretion
(in millions)
Revenue and Interest Accretion
Term$140 $137 $34 $35 
Payout - Legacy66 45 44 32 
Payout25 12 20 20 
Group Pension — 10 11 
Health4 29 31 
Total$235 $199 $137 $129 

62

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

The following table provides the weighted average interest rates for the liability for future policy benefits as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Weighted Average Interest Rate
Term
Interest accretion rate5.6 %5.7 %
Current discount rate5.0 %5.1 %
Payout - Legacy
Interest accretion rate3.8 %3.4 %
Current discount rate5.1 %5.0 %
Payout
Interest accretion rate4.9 %4.9 %
Current discount rate5.1 %5.2 %
Group Pension
Interest accretion rate3.4 %3.4 %
Current discount rate5.0 %5.1 %
Health
Interest accretion rate3.4 %3.3 %
Current discount rate5.2 %5.2 %
The following table provides the balance, changes in and the weighted average durations of the Company’s accounting policyadditional insurance liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
Six months ended June 30,
20232022
Protection Solutions
UL
(Dollars in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$1,109 $1,087 
Beginning balance before AOCI adjustments1,135 1,076 
Effect of changes in interest rate & cash flow assumptions and model changes 
Effect of actual variances from expected experience3 
Adjusted beginning of period balance1,138 1,088 
Interest accrual25 24 
Net assessments collected36 33 
Benefit payments(30)(36)
Ending balance before shadow reserve adjustments1,169 1,109 
Effect of reserve adjustment recorded in AOCI(24)(16)
Balance, end of period$1,145 $1,093 
Net liability for additional liability$1,145 $1,093 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable — 
Net liability for additional liability, after reinsurance recoverable$1,145 $1,093 
Weighted-average duration of additional liability - death benefit (years)21.422.9

63

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

The following tables provides the revenue, interest and weighted average interest rates, related to its investmentthe additional insurance liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
AssessmentsInterest Accretion
Revenue and Interest Accretion
UL$350 $310 $25 $24 
Total$350 $310 $25 $24 

Six Months Ended June 30,
20232022
Weighted Average Interest Rate
UL4.5 %4.5 %
Interest accretion rate4.5 %4.5 %

The discount rate used for additional insurance liabilities reserve is based on the crediting rate at issue.
64

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

9)    MARKET RISK BENEFITS
The following table presents the balances and changes to the balances for the market risk benefits for the GMxB benefits on deferred variable annuities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Three Months Ended June 30,
20232022
Individual RetirementLegacyIndividual RetirementLegacy
GMxB CoreGMxB LegacyPurchased MRB (3)Net LegacyGMxB CoreGMxB LegacyPurchased MRB (3)Net Legacy
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$317 $14,082 $(10,669)$3,413 $498 $16,931 $(12,507)$4,424 
Balance BOP before changes in the instrument specific credit risk550 15,599 (10,570)5,029 540 17,901 (12,441)5,460 
Model changes and effect of changes in cash flow assumptions    — — — — 
Actual market movement effect(119)(636)315 (321)674 2,562 (1,015)1,547 
Interest accrual20 194 (134)60 12 179 (103)76 
Attributed fees accrued (1)111 209 (58)151 109 219 (61)158 
Benefit payments(12)(344)185 (159)(8)(282)152 (130)
Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behavior5 (7)(8)(15)26 (25)
Changes in future economic assumptions(202)(873)443 (430)(553)(2,870)1,870 (1,000)
Issuances(2)   — — — 
Balance EOP before changes in the instrument-specific credit risk351 14,142 (9,827)4,315 779 17,735 (11,623)6,112 
Changes in the instrument-specific credit risk (2)(220)(1,422)(96)(1,518)(365)(2,027)(102)(2,129)
Balance, end of period$131 $12,720 $(9,923)$2,797 $414 $15,708 $(11,725)$3,983 
Weighted-average age of policyholders (years)64.072.872.3N/A63.072.271.8N/A
Net amount at risk$3,165 $22,195 $11,821 N/A$3,181 $22,421 $11,946 N/A


65

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Six Months Ended June 30,
20232022
Individual RetirementLegacyIndividual RetirementLegacy
GMxB CoreGMxB LegacyPurchased MRB (3)Net LegacyGMxB CoreGMxB LegacyPurchased MRB (3)Net Legacy
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$530 $14,699 $(10,415)$4,284 $1,061 $20,236 $(14,059)$6,177 
Balance BOP before changes in the instrument specific credit risk529 15,314 (10,358)4,956 666 19,719 (14,051)5,668 
Model changes and effect of changes in cash flow assumptions    — (87)29 (58)
Actual market movement effect(330)(1,380)702 (678)1,002 3,660 (1,414)2,246 
Interest accrual38 391 (287)104 17 283 (164)119 
Attributed fees accrued (1)206 418 (141)277 201 438 (147)291 
Benefit payments(24)(686)370 (316)(13)(533)288 (245)
Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behavior12 14 (26)(12)59 (40)19 
Changes in future economic assumptions(77)71 (87)(16)(1,095)(5,804)3,876 (1,928)
Issuances(3)   (4)— — — 
Balance EOP before changes in the instrument-specific credit risk351 14,142 (9,827)4,315 779 17,735 (11,623)6,112 
Changes in the instrument-specific credit risk (2)(220)(1,422)(96)(1,518)(365)(2,027)(102)(2,129)
Balance, end of period$131 $12,720 $(9,923)$2,797 $414 $15,708 $(11,725)$3,983 
Weighted-average age of policyholders (years)64.072.872.3N/A63.072.271.8N/A
Net amount at risk$3,165 $22,195 $11,821 N/A$3,181 $22,421 $11,946 N/A
_____________
(1)Attributed fees accrued represents the portion of the fees needed to fund future GMxB claims.
(2)Changes are recorded in COLI policies.OCI except for reinsurer credit which is reflected in the income statement.
(3)Purchased MRB is the impact of non-affiliated reinsurance.
The following table reconciles market risk benefits by the amounts in an asset position and amounts in a liability position to the market risk amounts in the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Direct AssetDirect LiabilityNet Direct MRBPurchased MRBTotalDirect AssetDirect LiabilityNet Direct MRBPurchased MRBTotal
(in millions)
Individual Retirement
GMxB Core$(599)$729 $131 $ $131 $(387)$917 $530 $— $530 
Legacy Segment
GMxB Legacy(120)12,840 12,720 (9,923)2,797 (51)14,749 14,699 (10,412)4,287 
Other (1)(58)73 14 (8)6 (52)100 47 (11)36 
Total$(777)$13,642 $12,865 $(9,931)$2,934 $(490)$15,766 $15,276 $(10,423)$4,853 
______________
(1)Other primarily includes Individual EQUI-VEST MRB.



66

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued


8)10)     POLICYHOLDER ACCOUNT BALANCES
The following table summarizes the balances and changes in policyholder’s account balances for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Protection SolutionsLegacyIndividual RetirementGroup Retirement

Universal LifeVariable Universal LifeGMxB LegacyGMxB CoreSCS (1)EQUI-VEST IndividualEQUI-VEST GroupMomentum
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$5,340 $4,909 $688 $69 $35,702 $2,652 $12,045 $702 
Issuances        
Premiums received359 75 42 114 1 19 317 35 
Policy charges(384)(128)20 4 (3) (3) 
Surrenders and withdrawals(38)(23)(47)(17)(1,323)(178)(821)(71)
Benefit payments(128)(60)(52)(1)(121)(40)(35)(3)
Net transfers from (to) separate account (64)2 (103)4,562 3 146 (12)
Interest credited (2)110 109 13 3 4,267 38 210 6 
Other     3 11  
Balance, end of period$5,259 $4,818 $666 $69 $43,085 $2,497 $11,870 $657 
Weighted-average crediting rate3.67%3.81%2.71%1.57%N/A3.04%2.52%2.33%
Net amount at risk (3)$36,505 $114,554 $22,195 $3,165 $11 $118 $24 $ 
Cash surrender value$3,463 $3,230 $630 $289 $39,238 $2,490 $11,782 $657 
______________
(1)SCS sales are recorded as a Separate Account liability until they are swept into the General Account. This sweep is recorded as Net Transfers from (to) separate account.
(2)SCS and EQUI-VEST Group includes amounts related to the change in embedded derivative.
(3)For life insurance products the net amount at risk is death benefit less account value for the policyholder. For variable annuity products the net amount risk is the maximum GMxB NAR for the policyholder.

67

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Protection SolutionsLegacyIndividual RetirementGroup Retirement

Universal LifeVariable Universal LifeGMxB LegacyGMxB CoreSCS (1)EQUI-VEST IndividualEQUI-VEST GroupMomentum
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$5,462$4,807$745$112$33,443$2,784$11,951$704
Issuances
Premiums received369833110912630340
Policy charges(396)(118)17(12)(3)
Surrenders and withdrawals(48)(12)(31)(16)(1,380)(87)(383)(66)
Benefit payments(98)(49)(51)(1)(102)(30)(36)(1)
Net transfers from (to) separate account909(104)3,7392119442
Interest credited (2)11274153(3,582)41868
Other
Balance, end of period$5,401$4,875$735$91$32,119$2,755$12,112$727
Weighted-average crediting rate3.67%3.70%2.71%1.05%N/A2.93%2.56%2.03%
Net amount at risk (3)$38,756$114,463$22,421$3,181$97$142$157$
Cash surrender value$3,508$3,396$711$305$29,148$2,746$12,030$726
______________
(1)SCS sales are recorded as a Separate Account liability until they are swept into the General Account. This sweep is recorded as Net Transfers from (to) separate account.
(2)SCS and EQUI-VEST includes amounts related to the change in embedded derivative.
(3)For life insurance products, the net amount at risk is death benefit less account value for the policyholder. For variable annuity products, the net amount at risk is the maximum GMxB NAR for the policyholder.
The following table reconciles the policyholders account balances to the policyholders’ account balance liability in the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Policyholders’ account balance reconciliation
Protection Solutions
Universal Life$5,259 $5,340 
Variable Universal Life4,818 4,909 
Legacy Segment
GMxB Legacy666 688 
Individual Retirement
GMxB Core69 69 
SCS43,085 35,702 
EQUI-VEST Individual2,497 2,652 
Group Retirement
EQUI-VEST Group11,870 12,045 
Momentum657 702 
Other (1)6,392 6,118 
Balance (exclusive of Funding Agreements)75,313 68,225 
Funding Agreements16,282 15,641 
Balance, end of period$91,595 $83,866 
_____________
(1)Primarily reflects products, IR Payout, IR Other, Indexed Universal Life, Investment Edge, Group Pension, Closed Block and Corporate and Other other.
68

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

The following table presents the account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of the difference in basis points, between rates being credited policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
June 30, 2023
Product
(1)
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting RateAt Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above Total
( in millions)
Protection Solutions
Universal Life0.00% - 1.50%$ $ $3 $2 $5 
1.51% - 2.50%122 69 645 201 1,037 
 Greater than 2.50%3,539 643   4,182 
Total$3,661 $712 $648 $203 $5,224 
Variable Universal Life0.00% - 1.50%$20 $45 $25 $4 $94 
1.51% - 2.50%263 298 3  564 
Greater than 2.50%3,729  2 5 3,736 
Total$4,012 $343 $30 $9 $4,394 
Legacy Segment
GMxB Legacy0.00% - 1.50%$83 $16 $ $ $99 
1.51% - 2.50%24    24 
Greater than 2.50%507    507 
Total$614 $16 $ $ $630 
Individual Retirement
GMxB Core0.00% - 1.50%$14 $215 $ $ $229 
1.51% - 2.50%13    13 
Greater than 2.50%57    57 
Total$84 $215 $ $ $299 
EQUI-VEST Individual0.00% - 1.50%$53 $231 $ $ $284 
1.51% - 2.50%45    45 
Greater than 2.50%2,167    2,167 
Total$2,265 $231 $ $ $2,496 
SCSProducts with either a fixed rate or no guaranteed minimumN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Group Retirement
EQUI-VEST
Group
0.00% - 1.50%$804 $2,290 $36 $362 $3,492 
1.51% - 2.50%332    332 
Greater than 2.50%6,986    6,986 
Total$8,122 $2,290 $36 $362 $10,810 
Momentum0.00% - 1.50%$ $13 $350 $57 $420 
1.51% - 2.50%159 1   160 
Greater than 2.50%72  5  77 
Total$231 $14 $355 $57 $657 
69

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued


December 31, 2022
Product
(1)
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting RateAt Guaranteed Minimum 1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above Total
( in millions)
Protection Solutions
Universal Life0.00% - 1.50%$— $— $$$
1.51% - 2.50%181 197 605 47 1,030 
Greater than 2.50%3,615 657 — — 4,272 
Total$3,796 $854 $610 $48 $5,308 
Variable Universal Life0.00% - 1.50%$30 $40 $$$78 
1.51% - 2.50%485 53 — — 538 
Greater than 2.50%3,900 — — 3,902 
Total$4,415 $93 $$$4,518 
Legacy Segment
GMxB Legacy0.00% - 1.50%$386 $— $— $— $386 
1.51% - 2.50%560 — — — 560 
Greater than 2.50%35 — — — 35 
Total$981 $— $— $— $981 
Individual Retirement
GMxB Core0.00% - 1.50%$289 $— $— $— $289 
1.51% - 2.50%14 — — — 14 
Greater than 2.50%— — — — — 
Total$303 $— $— $— $303 
EQUI-VEST Individual0.00% - 1.50%$345 $— $— $— $345 
1.51% - 2.50%46 — — — 46 
Greater than 2.50%2,199 — 62 — 2,261 
Total$2,590 $— $62 $— $2,652 
SCSProducts with either a fixed rate or no guaranteed minimumN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Group Retirement
EQUI-VEST Group0.00% - 1.50%$109 $$366 $3,112 $3,592 
1.51% - 2.50%11 889 — 902 
Greater than 2.50%6,949 21 330 — 7,300 
Total$7,069 $28 $1,585 $3,112 $11,794 
Momentum0.00% - 1.50%$15 $301 $122 $$445 
1.51% - 2.50%178 — — 179 
Greater than 2.50%73 — — 78 
Total$266 $302 $127 $$702 
70

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Separate Account - Summary
The following table presents the balances of and changes in separate account liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Protection SolutionsLegacyIndividual RetirementGroup Retirement    
VULGMxB LegacyGMxB CoreEQUI-VEST IndividualInvestment EdgeEQUI-VEST GroupMomentum
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$13,187 $32,616 $27,772 $4,161 $3,798 $22,393 $3,885 
Premiums and deposits573 110 698 49 470 1,116 332 
Policy charges(278)(340)(245)(1) (8)(10)
Surrenders and withdrawals(282)(1,324)(1,227)(197)(198)(744)(364)
Benefit payments(49)(382)(120)(27)(24)(28)(5)
Investment performance (1)1,687 3,392 2,144 538 326 2,850 452 
Net transfers from (to) general account64 (2)103 (3)(257)(144)11 
Other charges (2)   4  25  
Balance, end of period$14,902 $34,070 $29,125 $4,524 $4,115 $25,460 $4,301 
Cash surrender value$14,561 $33,792 $28,276 $4,491 $4,023 $25,210 $4,295 
_____________
(1)Investment performance is reflected net of M&E fees.
(2)EQUI-VEST Individual and EQUI-VEST Group for the six months ending June 30, 2023, amounts reflect a total special payment applied to the accounts of active clients as part of a previously disclosed settlement agreement between Equitable Financial Life Insurance Company and the Securities & Exchange Commission.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Protection SolutionsLegacyIndividual RetirementGroup Retirement
VULGMxB LegacyGMxB CoreEQUI-VEST IndividualInvestment EdgeEQUI-VEST GroupMomentum
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$16,405 $44,912 $35,288 $5,583 $4,287 $27,509 $4,975 
Premiums and deposits557 118 763 66 530 1,089 331 
Policy charges(270)(351)(239)(1)— (8)(10)
Surrenders and withdrawals(201)(1,431)(1,257)(164)(145)(680)(347)
Benefit payments(64)(364)(123)(28)(17)(32)(6)
Investment performance (1)(3,362)(8,666)(6,054)(1,193)(780)(5,897)(978)
Net transfers from (to) general account(90)(9)104 (21)(158)(194)(42)
Balance, end of period$12,975 $34,209 $28,482 $4,242 $3,717 $21,787 $3,923 
Cash surrender value$12,695 $33,920 $27,569 $4,212 $3,623 $21,555 $3,917 
______________
(1)    Investment performance is reflected net of M&E fees.


71

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

The following table reconciles the separate account liabilities to the separate account liability balance in the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Separate Account Reconciliation
Protection Solutions
Variable Universal Life$14,902 $13,187 
Legacy Segment
GMxB Legacy34,070 32,616 
Individual Retirement
GMxB Core29,125 27,772 
EQUI-VEST Individual4,524 4,161 
Investment Edge4,115 3,798 
Group Retirement
EQUI-VEST Group25,460 22,393 
Momentum4,301 3,885 
Other (1)7,401 7,041 
Total$123,898 $114,853 
______________
(1)Primarily reflects Corporate and Other products and Group Retirement products including Association and Group Retirement Other.
The following table presents the aggregate fair value of Separate Account assets by major asset category as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
June 30, 2023
Protection SolutionsIndividual RetirementGroup Retirement    Corp & OtherLegacy SegmentTotal
(in millions)
Asset Type
Debt securities$58 $1 $17 $9 $ $85 
Common Stock61 33 472 1,770  2,336 
Mutual Funds15,254 39,085 31,131 725 34,084 120,279 
Bonds and Notes98 3 1 1,096  1,198 
Total$15,471 $39,122 $31,621 $3,600 $34,084 $123,898 

December 31, 2022
Protection SolutionsIndividual RetirementGroup Retirement    Corp & OtherLegacy SegmentTotal
(in millions)
Asset Type
Debt securities$58 $$17 $$— $84 
Common Stock41 32 430 1,686 — 2,189 
Mutual Funds13,498 36,860 27,639 773 32,625 111,395 
Bonds and Notes119 1,062 — 1,185 
Total$13,716 $36,896 $28,087 $3,529 $32,625 $114,853 
11)    EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Pension Plans
Holdings and Equitable Financial Retirement Plans
Holdings sponsors the MONY Life Retirement Income Security Plan for Employees and Equitable Financial sponsors the Equitable Retirement Plan (the “Equitable Financial QP”), both of which are frozen qualified defined benefit plans covering eligible employees and financial professionals. These pension plans are non-contributory, and their benefits
72

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

are generally based on a cash balance formula and/or, for certain participants, years of service and average earnings over a specified period. Holdings and Equitable Financial also sponsor certain nonqualified defined benefit plans, including the Equitable Excess Retirement Plan, that provide retirement benefits in excess of the amount permitted under the tax law for the qualified plans. Holdings has assumed primary liability for both plans. Equitable Financial remains secondarily liable for its obligations under the Equitable Financial QP and would recognize such liability in the event Holdings does not perform.

57

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

AB Retirement Plans
AB maintains a qualified, non-contributory, defined benefit retirement plan covering current and former employees who were employed by AB in the United States prior to October 2, 2000 (the “AB Plan”). Benefits under the AB Plan are based on years of credited service, average final base salary, and primary Social Security benefits. Service and compensation after December 31, 2008 are not taken into account in determining participants’ retirement benefits.
Net Periodic Pension Expense
Components of net periodic pension expense for the Company’s plans were as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
 (in millions)(in millions) (in millions)
Service costService cost$2 $$4 $Service cost$2 $$4 $
Interest costInterest cost14 14 28 27 Interest cost31 14 62 28 
Expected return on assetsExpected return on assets(40)(38)(79)(76)Expected return on assets(39)(40)(78)(79)
Prior Period Svc Cost Amortization(1)— (1)(1)
Prior period service cost amortizationPrior period service cost amortization(1)(1)(1)(1)
Actuarial (gain) lossActuarial (gain) loss — 1 Actuarial (gain) loss —  
Net amortizationNet amortization20 29 40 58 Net amortization9 20 18 40 
Impact of settlement —   
Net Periodic Pension ExpenseNet Periodic Pension Expense$(5)$$(7)$14 Net Periodic Pension Expense$2 $(5)$5 $(7)
9)12)    INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022 was computed using an estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”), with discrete items recognized in the period in which they occur. The estimated ETR is revised, as necessary, at the end of successive interim reporting periods.
During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company established a valuation allowance of $1.6 billion against its deferred tax asset related to unrealized capital losses in the available for sale securities portfolio. Adjustments to the valuation allowance due to changes in the portfolio’s unrealized capital loss are recorded in other comprehensive income. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, and June 30, 2023, the Company recorded a decrease to the valuation allowance of $341 million and an increase to the valuation allowance of $138 million, respectively, in other comprehensive income.
10)As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. Adjustments to the valuation allowance due to new facts or evidence are recorded in net income. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company had increased its available liquidity and recorded a decrease to the valuation allowance of $614 million in net income. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, management continued to increase borrowing capacity and available liquidity. The Company now has the ability and intent to hold the underlying securities in its available for sale portfolio to recovery to the extent that additional deferred tax asset would be realized. Based on all available evidence, as of June 30, 2023, the Company concluded that approximately three quarters of the deferred tax asset related to unrealized tax capital losses is more-likely-than-not to be realized and a full valuation allowance is not necessary. For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded decreases to the valuation allowance of $376 million and $990 million, respectively, in net income. A valuation allowance of $376 million remains against the portion of the deferred tax asset that is still not more-likely-than-not to be realized.
The Company uses the aggregate portfolio approach related to the stranded or disproportionate income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income related to available for sale securities. Under this approach, the disproportionate tax effect remains intact as long as the investment portfolio remains.
73

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

13)    EQUITY
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock authorized, issued and outstanding was as follows:
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
SeriesSeriesShares AuthorizedShares
 Issued
Shares OutstandingShares AuthorizedShares
 Issued
Shares OutstandingSeriesShares AuthorizedShares
 Issued
Shares OutstandingShares AuthorizedShares
 Issued
Shares Outstanding
Series ASeries A32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 Series A32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 
Series BSeries B20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Series B20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 
Series CSeries C12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 Series C12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 
TotalTotal64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 Total64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 

Dividends declared per share were as follows for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
Series A dividends declaredSeries A dividends declared$328 $328 $656 $656 Series A dividends declared$328 $328 $656 $656 
Series B dividends declaredSeries B dividends declared$619 $619 $619 $619 Series B dividends declared$619 $619 $619 $619 
Series C dividends declaredSeries C dividends declared$269 $269 $538 $469 Series C dividends declared$269 $269 $538 $538 
Common Stock
Dividends declared per share of common stock were as follows for the periods indicated:

58

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
Dividends declared$0.20 $0.18 $0.38 $0.35 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
Dividends declared$0.22 $0.20 $0.42 $0.38 

Share Repurchase

On February 9, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new $1.2 billion share repurchase program. Under this program, the Company may, from time to time purchase shares of its common stock through various means. The Company may choose to suspend or discontinue the repurchase program at any time. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to purchase any particular number of shares. On February 9, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new $700 million share repurchase program. Under this program, the Company may, from time to time, purchase shares of its common stock through various means. The Company may choose to suspend or discontinue the repurchase program at any time. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to purchase any particular number of shares. As of June 30, 2022,2023, Holdings had authorized capacity of approximately $705$629 million remaining in its share repurchase program.
Holdings repurchased a total of 7.68.9 million, 8.27.6 million, 16.2 million and 22.716.2 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $25.33, $28.90, $34.09,$27.19, and $30.81 and $31.29 per share, respectively through open market repurchases, ASRs and privately negotiated transactions during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and 2021.respectively.
Holdings did not repurchase any shares of its common stock through open market purchases inDuring the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. During the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, Holdings repurchased 7.93.6 million, 0.0 million, 8.1 million and 3.27.9 million shares of its common stock through open market repurchases.
Accelerated Share Repurchase Agreement
In April 2022,June 2023, Holdings entered into an ASR with a third-party financial institution to repurchase an aggregate of $100$75 million of Holdings’ common stock. Pursuant to the ASR, Holdings made a prepaymentpre-payment of $100$75 million and initially received 2.6initial delivery of 2.4 million Holdings’ shares. The ASR terminated during April 2022,in July 2023, at which time 684,700an additional 369,000 shares of common stock were received.
74

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

In May 2022,April 2023, Holdings entered into an ASR with a third-party financial institution to repurchase an aggregate of $150$75 million of Holdings’ common stock. Pursuant to the ASR, Holdings made a prepaymentpre-payment of $150$75 million and initially received 4.3initial delivery of 2.4 million Holdings’ shares. The ASR terminated during July 2022,in May 2023, at which time 1.2an additional 598,000 shares of common stock were received.
In January 2023, Holdings entered into an ASR with a third-party financial institution to repurchase an aggregate of $75 million of Holdings’ common stock. Pursuant to the ASR, Holdings made a pre-payment of $75 million and received initial delivery of 2 million Holdings’ shares. The ASR terminated in March 2023, at which time an additional 424,000 shares of common stock were received.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI represents cumulative gains (losses) on items that are not reflected in net income (loss). The balances as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022 follow:
June 30,December 31, June 30,December 31,
2022202120232022
(in millions) (in millions)
Unrealized gains (losses) on investmentsUnrealized gains (losses) on investments$(4,884)$2,684 Unrealized gains (losses) on investments$(8,537)$(9,324)
Market risk benefits - instrument-specific credit risk componentMarket risk benefits - instrument-specific credit risk component1,745 668 
Liability for future policy benefits - current discount rate componentLiability for future policy benefits - current discount rate component307 355 
Defined benefit pension plansDefined benefit pension plans(624)(669)Defined benefit pension plans(622)(650)
Foreign currency translation adjustmentsForeign currency translation adjustments(90)(45)Foreign currency translation adjustments(80)(91)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(5,598)1,970 Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(7,187)(9,042)
Less: Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interestLess: Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest(50)(34)Less: Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest(45)(50)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to HoldingsAccumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Holdings$(5,548)$2,004 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Holdings$(7,142)$(8,992)


59The components of OCI, net of taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,
 2023

2022

20232022
 (in millions)
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investments:
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period$(700)$(4,654)$871 $(9,734)
(Gains) losses reclassified into net income (loss) during the period (1)37 169 100 433 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments(663)(4,485)971 (9,301)
Adjustments for policyholders’ liabilities, DAC, insurance liability loss recognition and other39 132 31 271 
Change in unrealized gains (losses), net of adjustments (net of deferred income tax expense (benefit) of $(332), $(1,157), $9 and $(2,401))(624)(4,353)1,002 (9,030)
Change in LFPB discount rate and MRB credit risk, net of tax
Market risk benefits - change in instrument-specific credit risk (net of deferred income tax expense (benefit) of $(23), $299, $226 and $718)(87)1,126 851 2,699 
Liability for future policy benefits - change in current discount rate (net of deferred income tax expense (benefit) of $20, $102, $(10) and $225)74 385 (38)847 
Change in defined benefit plans:
Reclassification to Net income (loss) of amortization of net prior service credit included in net periodic cost (3)9 29 45 
Change in defined benefit plans (net of deferred income tax expense (benefit) of $(2), $0, $(7), and $(9))9 29 45 
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
75

EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

The components of OCI, net of taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 follow:
Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,
 2023

2022

20232022
 (in millions)
Foreign currency translation gains (losses) arising during the period5 (33)11 (45)
Foreign currency translation adjustment5 (33)11 (45)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes(623)(2,873)1,855 (5,484)
Less: Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest3 (12)5 (16)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Holdings$(626)$(2,861)$1,850 $(5,468)

Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
 (in millions)
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investments:
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period$(4,654)$1,822 $(9,734)$(2,237)
(Gains) losses reclassified into net income (loss) during the period (1)169 (322)433 (486)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments(4,485)1,500 (9,301)(2,723)
Adjustments for policyholders’ liabilities, DAC, insurance liability loss recognition and other743 (280)1,733 790 
Change in unrealized gains (losses), net of adjustments (net of deferred income tax expense (benefit) of $(993), $324, $(2,011) and $(514))(3,742)1,220 (7,568)(1,933)
Change in defined benefit plans:
Reclassification to Net income (loss) of amortization of net prior service credit included in net periodic cost2 22 45 55 
Change in defined benefit plans (net of deferred income tax expense (benefit) of $0, $5, $(9), and $14)2 22 45 55 
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Foreign currency translation gains (losses) arising during the period(33)(45)(4)
Foreign currency translation adjustment(33)(45)(4)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes(3,773)1,244 (7,568)(1,882)
Less: Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest(12)(16)(2)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Holdings$(3,761)$1,243 $(7,552)$(1,880)
_____________________________
(1)See “Reclassification adjustments”adjustment” in Note 3 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements. Reclassification amounts presented net of income tax expense (benefit) of $(10) million, $(45) million, $85 million, $(115)$(26) million and $129$(115) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively.
Investment gains and losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (loss) primarily consist of realized gains (losses) on sales and credit losses of AFS securities and are included in total investment gains (losses), net on the consolidated statements of income (loss). Amounts reclassified from AOCI to net income (loss) as related to defined benefit plans primarily consist of amortization of net (gains) losses and net prior service cost (credit) recognized as a component of net periodic cost and reported in compensation and benefits in the consolidated statements of income (loss). Amounts presented in the table above are net of tax.
11)14)    SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
On January 11, 2023, the Company issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes (the “Senior Notes”). These amounts were recorded net of the underwriting discount and issuance costs of $5 million. The Company will pay semiannual interest on the Senior Notes on January 11 and July 11 of each year, commencing on July 11, 2023, and the Senior Notes will mature on January 11, 2033. The Senior Notes bear interest at 5.594% per annum. On any date prior to October 11, 2032, the Company may redeem some or all of the Senior Notes, subject to a make-whole provision. At any time on or after October 11, 2032, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Notes in whole or in part, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the redemption date. The Senior Notes contain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a limitation on certain liens and a limit on the Company’s ability to consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets. The Senior Notes also include customary events of default (with customary grace periods, as applicable), including provisions under which, upon the occurrence of an event of default, all outstanding Senior Notes may be accelerated.
Holdings Senior Notes Repayment
On April 20, 2018, Holdings issued $800 million aggregate principal amount of 3.9% Senior Notes due 2023. During 2021 Holdings made a principal pre-payment of $280 million on the 3.9% Senior Notes. The remaining balance was paid in full on the due date of April 20, 2023.
15)    REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
The changes in the components of redeemable noncontrolling interests are presented in the table that follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$386 $137 $468 $143 Balance, beginning of period$613 $386 $455 $468 
Net earnings (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interestsNet earnings (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests(29)(56)Net earnings (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests6 (29)18 (56)
Purchase/change of redeemable noncontrolling interestsPurchase/change of redeemable noncontrolling interests(9)(99)(64)(105)Purchase/change of redeemable noncontrolling interests(88)(9)58 (64)
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$348 $42 $348 $42 Balance, end of period$531 $348 $531 $348 

16)    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
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12)    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Litigation and Regulatory Matters
Litigation, regulatory and other loss contingencies arise in the ordinary course of the Company’s activities as a diversified financial services firm. The Company is a defendant in a number of litigation matters arising from the conduct of its business. In some of these matters, claimants seek to recover very large or indeterminate amounts, including compensatory, punitive, treble and exemplary damages. Modern pleading practice permits considerable variation in the assertion of monetary damages and other relief. Claimants are not always required to specify the monetary damages they seek, or they may be required only to state an amount sufficient to meet a court’s jurisdictional requirements. Moreover, some jurisdictions allow claimants to allege monetary damages that far exceed any reasonably possible verdict. The variability in pleading requirements and past experience demonstrates that the monetary and other relief that may be requested in a lawsuit or claim often bears little relevance to the merits or potential value of a claim. Litigation against the Company includes a variety of claims including, among other things, insurers’ sales practices, alleged agent misconduct, alleged failure to properly supervise agents, contract administration, product design, features and accompanying disclosure, cost of insurance increases, payments of death benefits and the reporting and escheatment of unclaimed property, alleged breach of fiduciary duties, alleged mismanagement of client funds and other matters.
The outcome of a litigation or regulatory matter is difficult to predict, and the amount or range of potential losses associated with these or other loss contingencies requires significant management judgment. It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome or to provide reasonably possible losses or ranges of losses for all pending regulatory matters, litigation and other loss contingencies. While it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s financial position, based on information currently known, management believes that neither the outcome of pending litigation and regulatory matters, nor potential liabilities associated with other loss contingencies, are likely to have such an effect. However, given the large and indeterminate amounts sought in certain litigation and the inherent unpredictability of all such matters, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain of the Company’s litigation or regulatory matters, or liabilities arising from other loss contingencies, could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in a particular quarterly or annual period.
For some matters, the Company is able to estimate a range of loss. For such matters in which a loss is probable, an accrual has been made. For matters where the Company believes a loss is reasonably possible, but not probable, no accrual is required. For matters for which an accrual has been made, but there remains a reasonably possible range of loss in excess of the amounts accrued or for matters where no accrual is required, the Company develops an estimate of the unaccrued amounts of the reasonably possible range of losses. As of June 30, 2022,2023, the Company estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of any amounts accrued for these matters as of such date, to be up to approximately $250 million.
For other matters, the Company is currently not able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss. The Company is often unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support an assessment of the range of possible loss, such as quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from plaintiffs and other parties, investigation of factual allegations, rulings by a court on motions or appeals, analysis by experts and the progress of settlement discussions. On a quarterly and annual basis, the Company reviews relevant information with respect to litigation and regulatory contingencies and updates the Company’s accruals, disclosures and reasonably possible losses or ranges of loss based on such reviews.
In August 2015, a lawsuit was filed in Connecticut Superior Court entitled Richard T. O’Donnell, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated v. AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company. This lawsuit is a putative class action on behalf of all persons who purchased variable annuities from Equitable Financial, in which the volatility management tool was subsequently implemented and who claim to have suffered injury as a result thereof. Plaintiff asserts a claim for breach of contract alleging that Equitable Financial implemented the volatility management strategy in violation of applicable law. Plaintiff seeks an award of damages individually and on a classwide basis, and costs and disbursements, including attorneys’ fees, expert witness fees and other costs. In 2015, the case was transferred to the Southern District of New York and, in 2018, transferred back to Connecticut Superior Court. In August 2019, the court granted Equitable Financial’s motion to strike, which sought dismissal of the complaint, and in September 2019, Plaintiff filed an Amended Class Action Complaint. Equitable Financial filed renewed motions to strike and to dismiss and for an entry of judgment in October 2019. In August 2020, the court granted Equitable Financial’s motion for entry of judgment. Plaintiff filed a notice of appeal and in February 2022, the Connecticut Appellate Court reversed
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the Superior Court’s entry of judgement. In April 2022, the Connecticut Supreme Court granted Equitable Financial’s petition to review the decision of the Connecticut Appellate Court. We are vigorously defending this matter.
In February 2016, a lawsuit was filed in the Southern District of New York entitled Brach Family Foundation, Inc. v. AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company. This lawsuit is a putative class action brought on behalf of all owners of UL policies subject to Equitable Financial’s COI rate increase. In early 2016, Equitable Financial raised COI rates for certain UL policies issued between 2004 and 2008, which had both issue ages 70 and above and a current face value amount of $1 million and above. A second putative class action was filed in the District of Arizona in 2017 and consolidated with the Brach matter in federal court in New York. The consolidated amended class action complaint allegesalleged the following claims: breach of contract; misrepresentations in violation of Section 4226 of the New York Insurance Law; violations of New York General Business Law Section 349; and violations of the California Unfair Competition Law, and the California Elder Abuse Statute. Plaintiffs seek:sought: (a) compensatory damages, costs, and, pre- and post-judgment interest; (b) with respect to their claim concerning Section 4226, a penalty in the amount of premiums paid by the plaintiffs and the putative class; and (c) injunctive relief and attorneys’ fees in connection with their statutory claims. In August 2020, the federal district court issued a decision certifying nationwide breach of contract and Section 4226 classes, and a New York State Section 349 class. Owners of a substantial number of policies opted out of the Brach class action. Most opt-out policies are not yet the subject of litigation. Others filed suit
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previously including 5three individual federal actions that have been coordinated with the Brach action and contain similar allegations along with additional allegations for violations of state consumer protection statutes and common law fraud. In March 2022,May 2023, the Brach class action and Equitable Financial informed the federal district court issued a summary judgment decision, denying in significant part but granting in part Equitable Financial’s motion and denyingthat they had mutually agreed to settle the motion filed by plaintiffs in the coordinated actions.class action. In July 2022,June 2023, the federal district court granted Equitable Financial’s motion to reconsider its summary judgment decision in part and granted summary judgment as to a portionentered an order of preliminary approval of the Section 4226 class. Thesettlement agreement and scheduled a final approval hearing for October 2023. Equitable Financial is fully accrued for the class settlement, which will have no impact on earnings or cash. Beginning October 30, 2023, the federal district court also agreed to consider whether it should decertifywill hold one consolidated trial for the Section 4226 class and set a briefing schedule.remaining three coordinated individual actions still pending before the federal district court. Equitable Financial has commenced settlement discussions with the Brach class action plaintiffs andthose individual plaintiffs in the coordinated actions. No assurances can be given about the outcome of those settlement discussions. Equitable Financial has settled other actual and threatened litigations challenging the COI increase by individual policyownerspolicy owners and one entity that invested in numerous policies purchased in the life settlement market. NaN
Finally, two actions are also pending against Equitable Financial in New York state court. In July 2022, the trial court in one of the New York state court actions, Hobish v. AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company, granted in significant part Equitable Financial’s motion for summary judgment and denied plaintiff’s cross motion. That plaintiff filed a notice of appeal.appealed but its appeal was denied by the state appellate court. Equitable Financial is vigorously defending each of these matters.
As with other financial services companies, Equitable Financial periodically receives informal and formal requests for information from various state and federal governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations in connection with inquiries and investigations of the products and practices of the Company or the financial services industry. It is the practice of the Company to cooperate fully in these matters. In July 2022, the SEC issued an order with findings that daily separate account and portfolio operating expenses disclosed in customer prospectuses for the EQUI-VEST variable annuity product and incorporated in the calculation of net investment portfolio results in EQUI-VEST quarterly account statements were not properly presented or referenced in those account statements. The Company neither admitted nor denied the findings but agreed to prospectively modify the relevant account statements and cross-reference the relevant prospectus disclosures, and pay a civil monetary penalty of $50 million, to be distributed to plan participants. The Company has fully accrued for the cost of the settlement and its implementation.
Obligations under Funding Agreements
Pre-Capitalized Trust Securities (“P-Caps”)
In April 2019, pursuant to separate Purchase Agreements among Holdings, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, as representative of the several initial purchasers, and the Trusts (as defined below), Pine Street Trust I, a Delaware statutory trust (the “2029 Trust”), completed the issuance and sale of 600,000 of its Pre-Capitalized Trust Securities redeemable February 15, 2029 (the “2029 P-Caps”) for an aggregate purchase price of $600 million and Pine Street Trust II, a Delaware statutory trust (the “2049 Trust” and, together with the 2029 Trust, the “Trusts”), completed the issuance and sale of 400,000 of its Pre-Capitalized Trust Securities redeemable February 15, 2049 (the “2049 P-Caps” and, together with the 2029 P-Caps, the “P-Caps”) for an aggregate purchase price of $400 million in each case to qualified institutional buyers in reliance on Rule 144A that are also “qualified purchasers” for purposes of Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
The P-Caps are an off-balance sheet contingent funding arrangement that, upon Holdings’ election, gives Holdings the right over a ten-year period (in the case of the 2029 Trust) or over a thirty-year period (in the case of the 2049 Trust) to
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issue senior notes to these Trusts. The Trusts each invested the proceeds from the sale of their P-Caps in separate portfolios of principal and/or interest strips of U.S. Treasury securities. In return, Holdings will pay a semi-annual facility fee to the 2029 Trust and 2049 Trust calculated at a rate of 2.125% and 2.715% per annum, respectively, which will be applied to the unexercised portion of the contingent funding arrangement and Holdings will reimburse the Trusts for certain expenses. The facility fees are recorded in Other operating costs and expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”)
As a member of the FHLB, Equitable Financial has access to collateralized borrowings. It also may issue funding agreements to the FHLB. Both the collateralized borrowings and funding agreements would require Equitable Financial to pledge qualified mortgage-backed assets and/or government securities as collateral. Equitable Financial issues short-term funding agreements to the FHLB and uses the funds for asset, liability, and cash management purposes. Equitable Financial issues long-term funding agreements to the FHLB and uses the funds for spread lending purposes.
Entering into FHLB membership, borrowings and funding agreements requires the ownership of FHLB stock and the pledge of assets as collateral. Equitable Financial has purchased FHLB stock of $339$413 million and pledged collateral with a carrying value of $10.210.3 billion as of June 30, 2022. 2023.
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Funding agreements are reported in policyholders’ account balances in the consolidated balance sheets. For other instruments used for asset/liability and cash management purposes, see “Derivative“Offsetting of Financial Assets and offsetting assetsLiabilities and liabilities”Derivative Instruments” included in Note 4 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements. The table below summarizes the Company’s activity of funding agreements with the FHLB.
Change in FHLB Funding Agreements during the Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023
Outstanding Balance at December 31, 2021Issued During the PeriodRepaid During the PeriodLong-term Agreements Maturing Within One YearLong-term Agreements Maturing Within Five YearsOutstanding Balance at June 30, 2022Outstanding Balance at December 31, 2022Issued During the PeriodRepaid During the PeriodLong-term Agreements Maturing Within One YearLong-term Agreements Maturing Within Five YearsOutstanding Balance at June 30, 2023
(in millions)(in millions)
Short-term funding agreements:Short-term funding agreements:Short-term funding agreements:
Due in one year or lessDue in one year or less$5,353 $27,407 $27,488 $153 $ $5,425 Due in one year or less$6,130 $30,052 $(29,678)$183 $ $6,687 
Long-term funding agreements:Long-term funding agreements:Long-term funding agreements:
Due in years two through fiveDue in years two through five1,290 309  (153) 1,446 Due in years two through five1,679   (172) 1,507 
Due in more than five yearsDue in more than five years— 412    412 Due in more than five years692    (11)681 
Total long-term funding agreementsTotal long-term funding agreements1,290 721  (153) 1,858 Total long-term funding agreements2,371   (172)(11)2,188 
Total funding agreements (1)Total funding agreements (1)$6,643 $28,128 $27,488 $ $ $7,283 Total funding agreements (1)$8,501 $30,052 $(29,678)$11 $(11)$8,875 
_____________
(1)The $4$3 million and $4 million difference between the funding agreements carrying value shown in fair value table for June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, reflects the remaining amortization of a hedge implemented and closed, which locked in the funding agreements borrowing rates.

Funding Agreement-Backed Notes Program (“FABN”)
Under the FABN program, Equitable Financial may issue funding agreements in U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies to a Delaware special purpose statutory trust (the “Trust”) in exchange for the proceeds from issuances of fixed and floating rate medium-term marketable notes issued by the Trust from time to time (the “Trust Notes”). The funding agreements have matching interest, maturity and currency payment terms to the applicable Trust Notes. The Company hedges the foreign currency exposure of foreign currency denominated funding agreements using cross currency swaps as discussed in Note 4 of the Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements. As of June 30, 2022,2023, the maximum aggregate principal amount of Trust Notes permitted to be outstanding at any one time is $10$10.0 billion. Funding agreements issued to the Trust, including any foreign currency transaction adjustments, are reported in policyholders’ account balances in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction adjustments to policyholder’s account balances are recognized in net income (loss) as an adjustment to interest credited to policyholders’ account balances and are offset in interest credited to policyholders’ account balances by a release of
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AOCI from deferred changes in fair value of designated and qualifying cross currency swap cash flow hedges. The table below summarizes Equitable Financial’s activity of funding agreements under the FABN program.
Change in FABN Funding Agreements during the Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023
Outstanding Balance at December 31, 2021Issued During the PeriodRepaid During the PeriodLong-term Agreements Maturing Within One YearLong-term Agreements Maturing Within Five YearsForeign Currency Transaction AdjustmentOutstanding Balance at June 30,
2022
Outstanding Balance at December 31, 2022Issued During the PeriodRepaid During the PeriodLong-term Agreements Maturing Within One YearLong-term Agreements Maturing Within Five YearsForeign Currency Transaction AdjustmentOutstanding Balance at June 30,
2023
(in millions)(in millions)
Short-term funding agreements:Short-term funding agreements:Short-term funding agreements:
Due in one year or lessDue in one year or less$ $ $ $ $1,000 $ $1,000 Due in one year or less$1,500 $ $(1,000)$ $ $ $500 
Long-term funding agreements:Long-term funding agreements:Long-term funding agreements:
Due in years two through fiveDue in years two through five4,600    (1,000) 3,600 Due in years two through five4,000 671   1,285 20 5,976 
Due in more than five yearsDue in more than five years2,119     (45)2,074 Due in more than five years1,585    (1,285) 300 
Total long-term funding agreementsTotal long-term funding agreements6,719    (1,000)(45)5,674 Total long-term funding agreements5,585 671    20 6,276 
Total funding agreements (1)Total funding agreements (1)$6,719 $ $ $ $ $(45)$6,674 Total funding agreements (1)$7,085 $671 $(1,000)$ $ $20 $6,776 
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

_____________
(1)The $3$29 million and $70$66 million difference between the funding agreements notional value shown and carrying value table as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, reflects the remaining amortization of the issuance cost of the funding agreements and the foreign currency transaction adjustment.
Holdings Revolving Credit Facility
Funding Agreement-Backed Commercial Paper Program
In February 2018, Holdings entered intoMay 2023, Equitable Financial and Equitable America established a $2.5 billion five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facilityfunding agreement-backed commercial paper program (the “FABCP Program”), pursuant to which a special purpose limited liability company (the “SPLLC”) may issue commercial paper and deposit the proceeds with Equitable Financial or Equitable America pursuant to a syndicate of banks. In June 2021, Holdings entered into an amended and restated revolving creditfunding agreement which loweredissued by Equitable Financial or Equitable America to the facilitySPLLC. The current maximum aggregate principal amount permitted to $1.5 billion and extendedbe outstanding at any one time under the maturity date to June 24, 2026, among other changes. The revolving credit facility has a sub-limit of $1.5FABCP Program is $3.0 billion for the issuance of letters of credit to support the life insurance business reinsured by EQ AZ Life Re.Equitable Financial and $1.0 billion for Equitable America. As of June 30, 2022,2023, Equitable Financial and Equitable America had $590 million and $0 outstanding under the Company had $30 million undrawn letters ofprogram, respectively.
Credit Facilities
For information regarding activity pertaining to our credit issued outfacilities arrangements, see Note 14 of the $1.5 billion sub-limit for EquitableNotes to these Consolidated Financial as beneficiary.Statements.
Bilateral Letter of Credit Facilities
In February 2018, the Company entered into bilateral letter of credit facilities, each guaranteed by Holdings, with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $1.9 billion, with multiple counterparties. In June 2021, Holdings entered into amendments with each of the issuers of its bilateral letter of credit facilities to effect changes similar to those effected in the amended and restated revolving credit agreement. The respective facility limits of the bilateral letter of credit facilities remained unchanged. These facilities support the life insurance business reinsured by EQ AZ Life Re. The HSBC facility matures on February 16, 2024 and the rest of the facilities mature on February 16, 2026.
Guarantees and Other Commitments
The Company provides certain guarantees or commitments to affiliates and others. As of June 30, 2022,2023, these arrangements include commitments by the Company to provide equity financing of $1.3 billion to certain limited partnerships and real estate joint ventures under certain conditions. Management believes the Company will not incur material losses as a result of these commitments.
The Company had $17 million of undrawn letters of credit related to reinsurance as of June 30, 2022.2023. The Company had $830$827 million of commitments under existing mortgage loan agreements as of June 30, 2022.2023.
The Company is the obligor under certain structured settlement agreements it had entered into with unaffiliated insurance companies and beneficiaries. To satisfy its obligations under these agreements, the Company owns single premium annuities issued by previously wholly-owned life insurance subsidiaries. The Company has directed payment under these annuities to be made directly to the beneficiaries under the structured settlement agreements. A contingent liability exists with respect to these agreements should the previously wholly-owned subsidiaries be unable to meet their obligations. Management believes the need for the Company to satisfy those obligations is remote.
13)    INSURANCE GROUP STATUTORY FINANCIAL17)    BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
As previously announced, effective January 1, 2023, our financial reporting presentation was revised to reflect the reorganization of the Company’s reportable segments to reflect how the Company’s chief operating decision maker now makes operating decisions and assesses performance. We now have six reportable segments. Prior period results have been revised in connection with updates to our reportable segments.
The six reportable segments are: Individual Retirement, Group Retirement, Investment Management and Research, Protection Solutions, Wealth Management and Legacy.
These segments reflect the manner by which the Company’s chief operating decision maker views and manages the business. A brief description of these segments follows:
The Individual Retirement segment offers a diverse suite of variable annuity products which are primarily sold to affluent and high net worth individuals saving for retirement or seeking retirement income.
The Group Retirement segment offers tax-deferred investment and retirement services or products to plans sponsored by educational entities, municipalities and not-for-profit entities, as well as small and medium-sized businesses.
The Investment Management and Research segment provides diversified investment management, research and related solutions globally to a broad range of clients through three main client channels - Institutional, Retail and Private Wealth - and distributes its institutional research products and solutions through Bernstein Research Services.
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The Protection Solutions segment includes our life insurance and group employee benefits businesses. Our life insurance business offers a variety of VUL, UL and term life products to help affluent and high net worth individuals, as well as small and medium-sized business owners, with their wealth protection, wealth transfer and corporate needs. Our group employee benefits business offers a suite of dental, vision, life, and short- and long-term disability and other insurance products to small and medium-size businesses across the United States.
The Wealth Management segment offers discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory accounts, financial planning and advice, life insurance, and annuity products through Equitable Advisors.
The Legacy segment primarily consists of the capital intensive fixed-rate GMxB business written in the Individual Retirement market prior to 2011. This business offered GMDB features in isolation or together with GMLB features. This business also historically offered variable annuities with four types of guaranteed living benefit riders: GMIB, GWBL/GMWB, and GMAB.
Measurement
Operating earnings (loss) is the financial measure which primarily focuses on the Company’s segments’ results of operations as well as the underlying profitability of the Company’s core business. By excluding items that can be distortive and unpredictable such as investment gains (losses) and investment income (loss) from derivative instruments, the Company believes operating earnings (loss) by segment enhances the understanding of the Company’s underlying drivers of profitability and trends in the Company’s segments.
Operating earnings is calculated by adjusting each segment’s net income (loss) attributable to Holdings for the following items:
Items related to variable annuity product features, which include: (i) changes in the fair value of market risk benefits and purchased market risk benefits, including the related attributed fees and claims, offset by derivatives and other securities used to hedge the market risk benefits which result in residual net income volatility as the change in fair value of certain securities is reflected in OCI and due to our statutory capital hedge program; and (ii) market adjustments to deposit asset or liability accounts arising from reinsurance agreements which do not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk;
Investment (gains) losses, which includes credit loss impairments of securities/investments, sales or disposals of securities/investments, realized capital gains/losses and valuation allowances;
Net actuarial (gains) losses, which includes actuarial gains and losses as a result of differences between actual and expected experience on pension plan assets or projected benefit obligation during a given period related to pension, other postretirement benefit obligations, and the one-time impact of the settlement of the defined benefit obligation;
Other adjustments, which primarily include restructuring costs related to severance and separation, lease write-offs related to non-recurring restructuring activities, COVID-19 related impacts, net derivative gains (losses) on certain Non-GMxB derivatives, net investment income from certain items including consolidated VIE investments, seed capital mark-to-market adjustments, unrealized gain/losses and realized capital gains/losses from sales or disposals of select securities, certain legal accruals; and a bespoke deal to repurchase UL policies from one entity that had invested in numerous policies purchased in the life settlement market, which disposed of the risk of additional COI litigation by that entity related to those UL policies; and
Income tax expense (benefit) related to the above items and non-recurring tax items, which includes the effect of uncertain tax positions for a given audit period and a decrease of deferred tax valuation allowance.
The General Account investment portfolio is used to support the insurance and annuity liabilities of our Individual Retirement, Group Retirement, Protection Solutions and Legacy business segments.
Revenues derived from any customer did not exceed 10% of revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
The Company accounts for inter-segment sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties, that is, at current market prices.
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The table below presents operating earnings (loss) by segment and Corporate and Other and a reconciliation to net income (loss) attributable to Holdings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively:
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2023202220232022
(in millions)
Net income (loss) attributable to Holdings$759 $967 $936 $1,497 
Adjustments related to:
Variable annuity product features(65)(1,031)796 (1,647)
Investment (gains) losses56 231 143 557 
Net actuarial (gains) losses related to pension and other postretirement benefit obligations9 19 18 38 
Other adjustments (1)62 177 107 405 
Income tax expense (benefit) related to above adjustments(13)127 (223)136 
Non-recurring tax items (3)(367)(972)
Non-GAAP Operating Earnings$441 $493 $805 $992 
Operating earnings (loss) by segment:
Individual Retirement$234 $186 $434 $389 
Group Retirement$107 $111 $196 $255 
Investment Management and Research$99 $101 $198 $237 
Protection Solutions$24 $110 $(11)$107 
Wealth Management$42 $24 $74 $56 
Legacy$45 $57 $105 $120 
Corporate and Other (2)$(110)$(96)$(191)$(172)
______________
(1)Includes certain legal accruals related to the COI litigation of $35 million, $107 million, $35 million and $166 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Includes policyholder benefit costs of $75 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 stemming from a deal to repurchase UL policies from one entity that had invested in numerous policies purchased in the life settlement market.
(2)Includes interest expense and financing fees of $57 million, $52 million, $119 million and $105 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(3)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, non-recurring tax items reflect primarily the effect of uncertain tax positions for a given audit period and a decrease of the deferred tax valuation allowance of $376 million and $990 million.
Segment revenues is a measure of the Company’s revenue by segment as adjusted to exclude certain items. The following table reconciles segment revenues to total revenues by excluding the following items:
Items related to variable annuity product features, which include certain changes in the fair value of the derivatives and other securities we use to hedge these features and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives reflected within the net derivative results of variable annuity product features;
Investment (gains) losses, which includes credit loss impairments of securities/investments, sales or disposals of securities/investments, realized capital gains/losses and valuation allowances;
Other adjustments, which primarily includes net derivative gains (losses) on certain Non-GMxB derivatives and net investment income from certain items including consolidated VIE investments, seed capital mark-to-market adjustments and unrealized gain/losses associated with equity securities. The table below presents segment revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
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 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2023202220232022
(in millions)
Segment revenues:
Individual Retirement (1)$647 $471 $1,235 $978 
Group Retirement (1)267 298 504 633 
Investment Management and Research (2) (4)1,000 1,003 2,009 2,138 
Protection Solutions (1)784 789 1,551 1,598 
Wealth Management (3)391 368 753 744 
Legacy (1)203 199 409 414 
Corporate and Other (1) (4)262 200 543 423 
Eliminations(218)(196)(398)(395)
Adjustments related to:
Variable annuity product features65 1,031 (796)1,647 
Investment gains (losses), net(56)(231)(143)(557)
Other adjustments to segment revenues(968)758 (933)213 
Total revenues$2,377 $4,690 $4,734 $7,836 
______________
(1)Includes investment expenses charged by AB of $31 million, $27 million, $69 million and $54 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for services provided to the Company.
(2)Inter-segment investment management and other fees of $37 million, $34 million, $80 million and $67 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included in segment revenues of the Investment Management and Research segment.
(3)Inter-segment distribution fees of $193 million, $190 million, $368 million and $383 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included in segment revenues of the Wealth Management segment.
(4)Includes interest expense charged to AB of $10 million, $0 million, $19 million and $0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The table below presents total assets by segment as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:
 June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Total assets by segment:
Individual Retirement$83,173 $77,641 
Group Retirement45,969 42,421 
Investment Management and Research11,397 12,633 
Protection Solutions37,111 37,224 
Wealth Management208 137 
Legacy49,797 48,231 
Corporate and Other41,351 34,415 
Total assets$269,006 $252,702 

18)    INSURANCE GROUP STATUTORY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

In May 17, 2023, Equitable Financial entered into a reinsurance agreement (the “Reinsurance Treaty”) with its affiliate, Equitable America, effective April 1, 2023. Pursuant to the Reinsurance Treaty, virtually all of Equitable Financial’s net retained General Account liabilities, including all of its net retained liabilities relating to the living benefit and death riders related to (i) its variable annuity contracts issued outside the State of New York prior to October 1, 2022 (and with respect to its EQUI-VEST variable annuity contracts, issued outside the State of New York prior to February 1, 2023) and (ii) certain universal life insurance policies issued outside the State of New York prior
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

to October 1, 2022, were reinsured to Equitable America on a coinsurance funds withheld basis. In addition, all of the Separate Accounts liabilities relating to such variable annuity contracts were reinsured to Equitable America on a modified coinsurance basis. Equitable America’s obligations under the Reinsurance Treaty are secured through Equitable Financial’s retention of certain assets supporting the reinsured liabilities. This reinsurance treaty has no impact to the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The New York Department of Financial Services (the “NYDFS”) and the Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions each approved the Reinsurance Treaty.
Prescribed and Permitted Accounting Practices
As of June 30, 2022,2023, the following 3three prescribed and permitted practices resulted in net income (loss) and capital and surplus that is different from the statutory surplus that would have been reported had NAIC statutory accounting practices been applied.
Equitable Financial was granted a permitted practice by the NYDFS to apply SSAP 108, Derivatives Hedging Variable Annuity Guarantees on a retroactive basis from January 1, 2021 through June 30, 2021, after reflecting the impacts of our reinsurance transaction with Venerable. The permitted practice was amended to also permit Equitable Financial to adopt SSAP 108 prospectively as of July 1, 2021 and to consider the impact of both the interest rate derivatives and the general account assets used to fully hedge the interest rate risk inherent in its variable annuity guarantees when determining the amount of the deferred asset or liability under SSAP 108. Application of the permitted practice partially mitigates the New York Insurance Regulation 213 (“Reg 213”) impact of the Venerable Transaction on Equitable Financial’s statutory capital and surplus and enables Equitable Financial to more effectively neutralize the impact of interest rates on its statutory surplus and to better align with our economic hedging program. The impact of applying this permitted practice relative to SSAP 108 as written was an increase of approximately $461$38 million in statutory special surplus funds and a decrease of $527 million and $900 million in statutory net income as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, which will be amortized over five years for each2023. The Reinsurance Treaty reduced the amount of the retrospective and prospective components.interest rate hedging needed at Equitable Financial going forward, affecting future deferrals, but leaves our historical SSAP 108 deferred amounts unchanged. The permitted practice also reset Equitable Financial’s unassigned surplus to zero as of June 30, 2021 to reflect the transformative nature of the Venerable Transaction.
The NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures manual (“NAIC SAP”) has been adopted as a component of prescribed or permitted practices by the State of New York. However, Reg 213 adopted in May of 2019 and as amended in February 2020 and March 2021, differs from the NAIC variable annuity reserve and capital framework. Reg 213 requires Equitable Financial to carry statutory basis reserves for its variable annuity contract obligations equal to the greater of those required under (i) the NAIC standard or (ii) a revised version of the NYDFS requirement in effect prior to the adoption of the first amendment for contracts issued prior to January 1, 2020, and for policies issued after that date a new standard that in current market conditions imposes more conservative reserving requirements for variable annuity contracts than the NAIC standard.
The impact of the application of Reg 213 was a decrease of approximately $3.1 billion$330 million in statutory surplus as of June 30, 20222023 compared to statutory surplus under the NAIC variable annuity framework. Our hedging program is designed to hedge the economics of our insurance liabilities and largely offsets Reg 213 and NAIC framework reserve movements due to interest rates and equities. The NYDFS allows domestic insurance companies a five year phase-in provision for Reg 213 reserves. As of JuneSeptember 30, 2022, Equitable Financial’s Reg 213 reserves are phased-in at 60% and are very close to Reg 213 reserves with awere 100% phase-in. Additionally, asphased-in. As of June 30, 2022,2023, given the prevailing market conditions and business mix, there are $318 million Reg 213 when 100% phased-in result in redundant reserves over the US RBC CTE 98 total asset requirement (“TAR”) of approximately $0.5 billion to $1.0 billion, which the Company intends to mitigate during the phase-in period. Finally, the continued application of Reg 213 resulted in a corresponding decrease of $1.2 billion and $1.8 billion in statutory net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, which was largely offset by net income gains on our hedging program during the same period as noted..
During the fourth quarter of 2020, the CompanyEquitable Financial received approval from NYDFS for its proposed amended Plan of Operation for Separate Account No. 68 (“SA 68”) for our Structured Capital Strategies product and Separate Account No. 69 (“SA 69”) for our Equi-VestEQUI-VEST product Structured Investment Option, to change the accounting basis of these two non-insulated Separate Accounts from fair value to book value in accordance with Section 1414 of the Insurance Law to align with how we manage and measure our overall general account asset portfolio. In order to facilitate this change and comply with Section 4240(a)(10), the Company also sought approval to amend the Plans to remove the requirement to comply with Section 4240(a)(5)(iii) and substitute it with a commitment to comply with Section 4240(a)(5)(i). Similarly, the Company updated the reserves section of each Plan to reflect the fact that Regulation 128 would no longer be applicable upon the change in accounting basis. We applied this change effective January 1, 2021. The impact of the application is an increase of approximately $1.8$1.7 billion in statutory surplus and an increase in statutory net income as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 of $1.0 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively.2023.
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

14)    BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has 4 reportable segments: Individual Retirement, Group Retirement, Investment Management and Research and Protection Solutions.
These segments reflect the manner by which the Company’s chief operating decision maker views and manages the business. A brief description of these segments follows:
The Individual Retirement segment offers a diverse suite of variable annuity products which are primarily sold to affluent and high net worth individuals saving for retirement or seeking retirement income.
The Group Retirement segment offers tax-deferred investment and retirement services or products to plans sponsored by educational entities, municipalities and not-for-profit entities, as well as small and medium-sized businesses.
The Investment Management and Research segment provides diversified investment management, research and related solutions globally to a broad range of clients through three main client channels - Institutional, Retail and Private Wealth - and distributes its institutional research products and solutions through Bernstein Research Services.
The Protection Solutions segment includes our life insurance and group employee benefits businesses. Our life insurance business offers a variety of VUL, UL and term life products to help affluent and high net worth individuals, as well as small and medium-sized business owners, with their wealth protection, wealth transfer and corporate needs. Our group employee benefits business offers a suite of dental, vision, life, and short- and long-term disability and other insurance products to small and medium-size businesses across the United States.
Measurement
Operating earnings (loss) is the financial measure which primarily focuses on the Company’s segments’ results of operations as well as the underlying profitability of the Company’s core business. By excluding items that can be distortive and unpredictable such as investment gains (losses) and investment income (loss) from derivative instruments, the Company believes operating earnings (loss) by segment enhances the understanding of the Company’s underlying drivers of profitability and trends in the Company’s segments.
Operating earnings is calculated by adjusting each segment’s net income (loss) attributable to Holdings for the following items:
Items related to variable annuity product features, which include: (i) certain changes in the fair value of the derivatives and other securities we use to hedge these features; (ii) the effect of benefit ratio unlock adjustments, including extraordinary economic conditions or events such as COVID-19; (iii) changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives reflected within variable annuity products’ net derivative results and the impact of these items on DAC amortization on our SCS product; and (iv) DAC amortization for the SCS variable annuity product arising from near-term fluctuations in index segment returns;
Investment (gains) losses, which includes credit loss impairments of securities/investments, sales or disposals of securities/investments, realized capital gains/losses and valuation allowances;
Net actuarial (gains) losses, which includes actuarial gains and losses as a result of differences between actual and expected experience on pension plan assets or projected benefit obligation during a given period related to pension, other postretirement benefit obligations, and the one-time impact of the settlement of the defined benefit obligation;
Other adjustments, which primarily include restructuring costs related to severance and separation, COVID-19 related impacts, net derivative gains (losses) on certain Non-GMxB derivatives, net investment income from certain items including consolidated VIE investments, seed capital mark-to-market adjustments, unrealized gain/losses associated with equity securities, certain legal accruals; and a bespoke deal to repurchase UL policies from one entity that had invested in numerous policies purchased in the life settlement market, which disposed of the risk of additional COI litigation by that entity related to those UL policies; and
Income tax expense (benefit) related to the above items and non-recurring tax items, which includes the effect of uncertain tax positions for a given audit period.
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

In the first quarter 2022, the Company updated its Operating earnings measure to exclude the DAC amortization impact of near-term fluctuations in indexed segment returns on the SCS variable annuity product to reflect the impact of market fluctuations consistently with the long term duration of the product. Operating earnings was favorably impacted by this change in the amount of $50 million and $70 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. The presentation of Operating earnings in prior periods was not revised to reflect this modification, however, the Company estimated that had the treatment in the Company’s Operating earnings measure of the Amortization of DAC for SCS been modified in 2020, the pre-tax impact on Operating earnings of excluding the SCS-related DAC amortization from Operating earnings would have been a decrease of $10 million, $14 million, $16 million and $34 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, and years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The General Account investment portfolio is used to support the insurance and annuity liabilities of our Individual Retirement, Group Retirement and Protection Solutions businesses segments. In the first quarter 2022, the Company changed its methodology for allocating its General Account investment portfolio, which resulted in a change in the asset and net investment income allocation amongst the Company’s business segments. Following this change the segmentation of the general account investments is now more closely aligned with the liability characteristics of the product groups. Management determined that the change in the allocation methodology allows for improved flexibility and infuses an active asset liability management practice into the segmentation process. Additionally, the Company also changed its basis for allocating the spread earned from our FHLB investment borrowing and FABN programs. The spread earned from our FHLB investment borrowing and FABN programs includes the investment income on the assets less interest credited on the funding agreements. The net spread as reflected in net investment income is allocated to the segments based on the percentage of the individual segment insurance liabilities over the combined segments insurance liabilities.
This change in measurement only impacts our segment disclosures, and thus it has no impact on our overall consolidated financial statements. Historical segment operating income (loss), revenues and assets have not been recast in the tables as the impact was immaterial.
Revenues derived from any customer did not exceed 10% of revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
The table below presents operating earnings (loss) by segment and Corporate and Other and a reconciliation to net income (loss) attributable to Holdings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively:
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
(in millions)
Net income (loss) attributable to Holdings$1,728 $123 $2,301 $(1,365)
Adjustments related to:
Variable annuity product features(1,924)1,193 (2,525)3,460 
Investment (gains) losses231 (420)557 (603)
Net actuarial (gains) losses related to pension and other postretirement benefit obligations19 26 38 60 
Other adjustments (1) (2) (3)148 368 531 
Income tax expense (benefit) related to above adjustments321 (171)329 (726)
Non-recurring tax items3 — 6 
Non-GAAP Operating Earnings$526 $758 $1,074 $1,358 
Operating earnings (loss) by segment:
Individual Retirement$274 $414 $567 $777 
Group Retirement$131 $171 $281 $322 
Investment Management and Research$101 $126 $237 $247 
Protection Solutions$101 $63 $136 $104 
Corporate and Other (4)$(81)$(16)$(147)$(92)
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

(1)Includes separation costs of $16 million and $37 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. Separation costs were completed during 2021.
(2)Includes certain gross legal expenses related to the COI litigation of $107 million, $0 million, $166 million and $180 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Includes policyholder benefit costs of $0 million and $75 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 stemming from a deal to repurchase UL policies from one entity that had invested in numerous policies purchased in the life settlement market.
(3)Includes Non-GMxB related derivative hedge gains and losses of ($38) million, ($100) million, ($40) million and $144 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(4)Includes interest expense and financing fees of $52 million, $57 million, $105 million and $115 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Segment revenues is a measure of the Company’s revenue by segment as adjusted to exclude certain items. The following table reconciles segment revenues to total revenues by excluding the following items:
Items related to variable annuity product features, which include certain changes in the fair value of the derivatives and other securities we use to hedge these features and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives reflected within the net derivative results of variable annuity product features;
Investment (gains) losses, which includes credit loss impairments of securities/investments, sales or disposals of securities/investments, realized capital gains/losses and valuation allowances;
Other adjustments, which primarily includes net derivative gains (losses) on certain Non-GMxB derivatives and net investment income from certain items including consolidated VIE investments, seed capital mark-to-market adjustments and unrealized gain/losses associated with equity securities.
The table below presents segment revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
(in millions)
Segment revenues:
Individual Retirement (1)$1,022 $979 $2,044 $1,959 
Group Retirement (1)301 346 635 675 
Investment Management and Research (2)1,003 1,072 2,138 2,076 
Protection Solutions (1)836 832 1,687 1,658 
Corporate and Other (1)350 386 724 720 
Adjustments related to:
Variable annuity product features1,944 (1,212)2,575 (3,494)
Investment gains (losses), net(231)420 (557)603 
Other adjustments to segment revenues(57)127 (134)(94)
Total revenues$5,168 $2,950 $9,112 $4,103 
______________
(1)Includes investment expenses charged by AB of $23 million, $20 million, $44 million and $39 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for services provided to the Company.
(2)Inter-segment investment management and other fees of $32 million, $32 million, $60 million and $62 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are included in segment revenues of the Investment Management and Research segment.

The table below presents total assets by segment as of June 30, 2022 and 2021:
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 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions)
Total assets by segment:
Individual Retirement$126,393 $143,663 
Group Retirement40,356 55,368 
Investment Management and Research11,974 11,602 
Protection Solutions38,384 50,686 
Corporate and Other36,375 30,943 
Total assets$253,482 $292,262 

15)19)    EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The following table presents a reconciliation of Net income (loss) and Weighted-average common shares used in calculating basic and diluted Earnings per common share for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30, Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions, except per share data)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:Weighted-average common shares outstanding:Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic
Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic
378.9 424.2 383.7 429.2 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic
355.2 378.9 358.5 383.7 
Effect of dilutive potential common shares:Effect of dilutive potential common shares:Effect of dilutive potential common shares:
Employee share awards (1)Employee share awards (1)1.7 4.1 2.3 — Employee share awards (1)0.9 1.7 1.5 2.3 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted (2)Weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted (2)380.6 428.3 386.1 429.2 Weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted (2)356.1 380.6 360.0 386.1 
Net income (loss):Net income (loss):Net income (loss):
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$1,773 $223 $2,412 $(1,177)Net income (loss)$831 $1,011 $1,097 $1,608 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interestLess: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest45 100 111 188 Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest72 44 161 111 
Net income (loss) attributable to HoldingsNet income (loss) attributable to Holdings1,728 123 2,301 (1,365)Net income (loss) attributable to Holdings759 967 936 1,497 
Less: Preferred stock dividendsLess: Preferred stock dividends26 26 40 39 Less: Preferred stock dividends26 26 40 40 
Net income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholdersNet income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholders$1,702 $97 $2,261 $(1,404)Net income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholders$733 $941 $896 $1,457 
Earnings per common share:Earnings per common share:Earnings per common share:
BasicBasic$4.49 $0.23 $5.89 $(3.27)Basic$2.06 $2.48 $2.50 $3.80 
DilutedDiluted$4.47 $0.23 $5.86 $(3.27)Diluted$2.06 $2.47 $2.49 $3.77 
_____________
(1)Calculated using the treasury stock method.
(2)Due to net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2021 approximately 3.9 million share awards were excluded from the diluted EPS calculation.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and 2021,3.0 million, 2.5 million, 3.3 million 3.2 million, 4.5 million and 8.63.2 million of outstanding stock awards, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect was anti-dilutive.
20)     HELD-FOR-SALE
Assets and liabilities related to the business classified as HFS are separately reported in the consolidated balance sheets beginning in the period in which the business is classified as HFS.
AB Bernstein Research Services
On November 22, 2022, AB and Société Générale, a leading European bank, announced plans to form a joint venture combining their respective cash equities and research businesses. Upon closing, AB will own a 49% interest in the joint venture and Société Générale will own a 51% interest in the joint venture, with an option to reach 100% ownership after five years. The consummation of the joint venture is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory clearances. Due to the expected timing of regulatory approvals, the closing is expected to occur in the first half of 2024.
The assets and liabilities of AB's research services business recorded at fair value, less cost to sell have been classified as held-for-sale in our Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result of classifying these assets as held-for-sale, AB recognized a non-cash valuation adjustment of $3 million, $6 million and $7 million on the consolidated statement of income, to recognize the net carrying value at lower of cost or fair value, less costs to sell for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and as of December 31, 2022, respectively. Approximately $4 million in costs to sell have been paid as of June 30, 2023.
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities classified as held-for-sale as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet:
 June 30, 2023 (1)December 31, 2022 (1)
(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents$155 $159 
Broker-dealer related receivables73 74 
Trading securities, at fair value28 25 
Goodwill and other intangible assets ,net164 175 
Other assets (2)146 129 
Total assets held-for-sale$566 $562 
Broker-dealer related payables$38 $33 
Customers related payables14 10 
Other liabilities77 65 
Total liabilities held-for-sale$129 $108 
____________
(1)    The assets and liabilities classified as held-for-sale are reported within our Investment Management & Research segment.
(2)    Other assets includes a valuation adjustment of $(9) million and $(7) million, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

These assets and liabilities are reported under the Investment Management & Research segment. The Company has determined that AB’s exit from the research business did not represent a strategic shift that had a major effect on AB’s or the Company’s consolidated results of operations, and therefore, are not classified as discontinued operations.
21    REINSURANCE
The Company assumes and cedes reinsurance with other insurance companies. The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers to minimize its exposure to significant losses from reinsurer insolvencies. Ceded reinsurance does not relieve the originating insurer of liability.
The following table summarizes the effect of reinsurance. The impact of the transactions described above results in a decrease to reinsurance assumed and an increase in reinsurance ceded.
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Direct charges and fee income$640 $669 $1,400 $1,473 
Reinsurance assumed (1)3 (1)
Reinsurance ceded(46)(48)(221)(202)
Policy charges and fee income$594 $620 $1,182 $1,270 
Direct premiums$290 $263 $581 $516 
Reinsurance assumed43 37 95 87 
Reinsurance ceded(53)(62)(120)(118)
Premiums$280 $238 $556 $485 
Direct policyholders’ benefits$874 $693 $1,727 $1,604 
Reinsurance assumed40 51 76 106 
Reinsurance ceded(230)(155)(389)(319)
Policyholders’ benefits$684 $589 $1,414 $1,391 
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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Direct interest credited to policyholders’ account balances$526 $322 $1,009 $662 
Reinsurance ceded(25)(12)(45)(39)
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances$501 $310 $964 $623 
Ceded Reinsurance
The Company reinsures most of its new variable life, UL and term life policies on an excess of retention basis. The Company generally retains on a per life basis up to $25 million for single lives and $30 million for joint lives with the excess 100% reinsured. The Company also reinsures risk on certain substandard underwriting risks and in certain other cases.
On October 3, 2022, Equitable Financial ceded to First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Global Atlantic Financial Group, on a combined coinsurance and modified coinsurance basis, a 50% quota share of approximately 360,000 legacy Group EQUI-VEST deferred variable annuity contracts issued by Equitable Financial between 1980 and 2008.
In addition to the above, the Company cedes a portion of its group health, extended term insurance, and paid-up life insurance and substantially all of its individual disability income business through various coinsurance agreements.
Assumed Reinsurance
In addition to the sale of insurance products, the Company currently assumes risk from professional reinsurers. The Company also had a run-off portfolio of assumed reinsurance liabilities at CSLRC which was sold to Venerable in June 2021. The Company assumes accident, life, health, annuity (including products covering GMDB and GMIB benefits), aviation, special risk and space risks by participating in or reinsuring various reinsurance pools and arrangements.
The following table summarizes the ceded reinsurance GMIB reinsurance contracts, third-party recoverables, amount due to reinsurance and assumed reserves.
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Ceded Reinsurance:
Estimated net fair values of purchased market risk benefits$9,931 $10,423 
Third-party reinsurance recoverables related to insurance contracts8,395 8,471 
Top reinsurers:
First Allmerica-GAF3,828 4,005 
Zurich Life Insurance Company, Ltd.1,379 1,416 
RGA Reinsurance Company1,295 1,272 
Ceded group health reserves48 47 
Amount due to reinsurers1,404 1,533 
Top reinsurers:
RGA Reinsurance Company1,152 1,171 
First Allmerica-GAF67 147 
Protective Life Insurance Company100 104 
Assumed Reinsurance:
Reinsurance assumed reserves$687 $701 

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EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), Continued

22)     SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In June 2023, Holdings established an obligation to enter into an ASR with a third-party financial institution to repurchase an aggregate of $70 million of Holdings’ common stock. Pursuant to the ASR, on July 6, 2023, Holdings made a pre-payment of $70 million and received initial delivery of 2.0 million shares. The ASR terminated in August 2023, at which time an additional 464,000 shares of common stock were received.

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Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in its entirety and in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section contained in our the Recast 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (“2021 Form 10-K”).Report.
In addition to historical data, this discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business, operations and financial performance based on current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. See the Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Information. Investors are directed to consider the risks and uncertainties discussed in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as in other documents we have filed with the SEC.
Executive Summary
Overview
We are one of America’s leading financial services companies, providing: (i) advice and solutions for helping Americans set and meet their retirement goals and protect and transfer their wealth across generations; and (ii) a wide range of investment management insights, expertise and innovations to drive better investment decisions and outcomes for clients worldwide.
As previously announced, effective January 1, 2023, we added two reportable segments to better reflect how the Company’s chief operating decision maker now makes operating decisions and assesses performance and revised our financial reporting presentation accordingly. We now manage our business through foursix segments: Individual Retirement, Group Retirement, Investment Management and Research, Protection Solutions, Wealth Management and Protection Solutions.Legacy. We report certain activities and items that are not included in these segments in Corporate and Other. Prior period results have been revised in connection with updates to our reportable segments. See Note 1417 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our segments.
We benefit from our complementary mix of businesses. This business mix provides diversity in our earnings sources, which helps offset fluctuations in market conditions and variability in business results, while offering growth opportunities.
COVID-19 ImpactInternal Reinsurance Treaty
We continueOn May 17, 2023, Equitable Financial entered into a reinsurance agreement (the “Reinsurance Treaty”) with its affiliate, Equitable America, effective April 1, 2023. Pursuant to closely monitor COVID-19 developmentsthe Reinsurance Treaty, virtually all of Equitable Financial’s net retained General Account liabilities, including all of its net retained liabilities relating to the living benefit and death riders related to (i) its variable annuity contracts issued outside the State of New York prior to October 1, 2022 (and with respect to its EQUI-VEST variable annuity contracts, issued outside the State of New York prior to February 1, 2023) and (ii) certain universal life insurance policies issued outside the State of New York prior to October 1, 2022, were reinsured to Equitable America on a coinsurance funds withheld basis. In addition, all of the Separate Accounts liabilities relating to such variable annuity contracts were reinsured to Equitable America on a modified coinsurance basis. Equitable America’s obligations under the Reinsurance Treaty are secured through Equitable Financial’s retention of certain assets supporting the reinsured liabilities. This reinsurance treaty has no impact to the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The New York Department of Financial Services (the “NYDFS”) and the Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions each approved the Reinsurance Treaty.
The Reinsurance Treaty further diversifies Equitable Financial’s sources of regulated cash flows and supports more stable dividends to the Company from Equitable Financial and Equitable America.
As a condition to approving the Reinsurance Treaty, the NYDFS has required that Equitable Financial seek to novate the reinsured contracts on a reasonable best efforts basis either to Equitable America or another affiliate over the next three years. Novations of the reinsured contracts are subject to additional regulatory approvals, as well as certain policyholder approvals.
Long - Duration Targeted Improvements (“LDTI”) Adoption
Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 and elected a transition date of January 1, 2021, thereby permitting the Company to implement the standard only for the last two fiscal years rather than the customary last three fiscal years.
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The Company adopted ASU 2018-12 for liability for future policy benefits, additional insurance liabilities, DAC and balances amortized on a basis consistent with DAC on a modified retrospective basis. ASU 2018-12 was adopted for MRBs on a full retrospective basis. See Note 2of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the adoption of LDTI.
The following table presents the balances and changes to the balances for the market risk benefits for the GMxB benefits on deferred variable annuities for the three months ended June 30, 2023.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Individual RetirementLegacy
GMxB CoreGMxB LegacyPurchased MRBNet Legacy
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$317 $14,082 $(10,669)$3,413 
Balance BOP before changes in the instrument specific credit risk550 15,599 (10,570)5,029 
Model changes and effect of changes in cash flow assumptions    
Actual market movement effect (1)(119)(636)315 (321)
Interest accrual20 194 (134)60 
Attributed fees accrued (2)111 209 (58)151 
Benefit payments(12)(344)185 (159)
Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behavior (3)5 (7)(8)(15)
Changes in future economic assumptions (4)(202)(873)443 (430)
Issuances(2)   
Balance EOP before changes in the instrument-specific credit risk351 14,142 (9,827)4,315 
Changes in the instrument-specific credit risk(220)(1,422)(96)(1,518)
Balance, end of period$131 $12,720 $(9,923)$2,797 

____________
(1)    The effect of actual market movement in equity is materially offset by hedging gains/losses, which are not shown in the table above.
(2)    Attributed fees accrued represents the portion of the fees set aside to fund future GMxB claims. For our Core business, the $111 million attributed fees set aside is less than the explicit GMxB Rider fees we actually collect from policyholders. For our Core business, the net riders fees (rider fees charged minus attributed fees) reported in our policy charges and fee income is $19 million. This means that the GMxB rider fees we charge more than cover the future claims and hedging costs associated with the GMxB riders. For our Legacy business, the attributed fees of $209 million set aside to fund future GMxB claims is more than the rider fees actually collected from policyholders. This is because the product was not sufficiently priced for the claims we now expect. This required us to attribute a portion of the base contract fees, in addition to the rider fees, to reserve for the rider claims. Net rider fees (rider fees charged minus attributed fees), net of reinsurance, for Legacy business reported in the policy charges and fee income are a loss of $69 million, and are more than covered by base contract fees.
(3)    Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behavior measures the effectiveness of our modeling of policyholder behavior. Put differently, it measures the difference between our expectations about how our MRB rider reserves would change in response to policyholder behavior, and how our MRB rider reserves actually changed in response to policyholder behavior. For our Core business, the MRB rider reserve was $5 million higher than we expected after accounting for actual policyholder behavior. The unfavorable impact of this actual policyholder behavior was more than covered by the excess rider fees noted above. For our Legacy business, the impact on our GAAP earnings from policyholder behavior, net of reinsurance, was a net gain of $15 million.
(4)    Changes in future economic assumptions represents the impact from interest rates on the MRB balance. These fluctuations are offset through our interest rate hedging program which is reflected partially in GAAP Net Income with the remainder reflected in OCI.
Macroeconomic and Industry Trends
Our business and consolidated results of operations are significantly affected by economic conditions and investment portfolio. The pandemic’sconsumer confidence, conditions in the global capital markets and the interest rate environment.
Financial and Economic Environment
A wide variety of factors continue to impact on us depends on future developments that are highly uncertain, includingfinancial and economic conditions. These factors include, among others, concerns over increased volatility in the scopecapital markets, equity market declines, rising interest rates, inflationary pressures,
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plateauing or decreasing economic growth, high fuel and duration ofenergy costs, changes in fiscal or monetary policy and geopolitical tensions. Despite ongoing concerns about inflation and the pandemicU.S. Federal Reserve’s tightening monetary policies, the second quarter experienced positive returns for the S&P 500, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and any recovery period,Nasdaq, driven primarily by a rally in big technology stocks. However, the emergenceongoing military conflict between the Ukraine and spread of COVID-19 variants,Russia and the availability, adoption and efficacy of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines, and future actions taken by governmental authorities, central bankssanctions and other partiesmeasures imposed in response to COVID-19. It is not possiblethis conflict also continue to predictcontribute to geopolitical tensions and market volatility.
Stressed conditions, volatility and disruptions in the capital markets, particular markets, or estimatefinancial asset classes can have an adverse effect on us, in part because we have a large investment portfolio. In addition, our insurance liabilities and derivatives are sensitive to changing market factors, including equity market performance and interest rates, which continued to rise during the longer-termsecond quarter 2023. An increase in market volatility could continue to affect our business, including through effects on the yields we earn on invested assets, changes in required reserves and capital and fluctuations in the value of our AUM, AV or AUA from which we derive our fee income. These effects could be exacerbated by uncertainty about future fiscal policy, changes in tax policy, the scope of potential deregulation and levels of global trade.
The potential for increased volatility could pressure sales and reduce demand for our products as consumers consider purchasing alternative products to meet their objectives. In addition, this environment could make it difficult to consistently develop products that are attractive to customers. Financial performance can be adversely affected by market volatility and equity market declines as fees driven by AV and AUM fluctuate, hedging costs increase and revenues decline due to reduced sales and increased outflows.
We monitor the behavior of our customers and other factors, including mortality rates, morbidity rates, annuitization rates and lapse and surrender rates, which change in response to changes in capital market conditions, to ensure that our products and solutions remain attractive and profitable. For additional information on our sensitivity to interest rates and capital market prices, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in the Recast 2022 Annual Report.
Regulatory Developments
Our life insurance subsidiaries are regulated primarily at the state level, with some policies and products also subject to federal regulation. In addition, Holdings and its insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation under the insurance holding company laws of various U.S. jurisdictions. Furthermore, on an ongoing basis, regulators refine capital requirements and introduce new reserving standards. Regulations recently adopted or currently under review can potentially impact our statutory reserve, capital requirements and profitability of the COVID-19 pandemic,industry and result in increased regulation and oversight for the industry.
The NAIC is evaluating the appropriate accounting treatment of an insurer’s negative interest maintenance reserve (“IMR”) balance, since a rising interest rate environment may cause an insurer’s IMR balance to become negative as a result of bond sales executed at a capital loss. If this occurs, current statutory accounting guidance requires the non-admittance of negative IMR, which can impact how accurately an insurer’s surplus and financial strength are reflected in its financial statements due to lower reported surplus and RBC ratios. The NAIC has exposed new interim statutory accounting guidance that would permit an insurer with an authorized control level RBC greater than 300% to admit negative IMR up to a specified percentage of its general account capital and surplus, subject to certain restrictions and reporting obligations. Comments on the economyproposal were due in July 2023, and the NAIC intends to consider the adoption of this interpretation at its Summer National Meeting in August 2023. The proposed guidance would be effective until December 31, 2025 as a short-term solution, although the NAIC intends to develop a long-term solution for the accounting treatment of negative IMR, which may nullify the application of the proposed short-term solution if implemented prior to December 31, 2025.
The NAIC is also evaluating the risks associated with insurers’ investments in certain categories of structured securities, including CLOs. In March 2023, the NAIC adopted an amendment to the Purposes and Procedures Manual to give the NAIC’s Structured Securities Group, housed within the SVO, responsibility for modeling CLO securities and evaluating tranche level losses across all debt and equity tranches under a series of calibrated and weighted collateral stress scenarios in order to assign NAIC designations. Under the amended Purposes and Procedures Manual, which will become effective no earlier than year-end 2024 financial reporting, CLO investments will no longer be broadly exempt from filing with the SVO based on ratings from Credit Rating Providers. The NAIC’s goal is to ensure that the weighted average RBC factor for owning all tranches of a CLO more closely aligns with what would be required for directly owning all of the underlying loan collateral, in order to avoid RBC arbitrage. The NAIC is collaborating with interested parties to develop and refine the process for modeling CLO investments. In addition, in June 2023, the NAIC’s Capital Adequacy Task Force adopted an interim proposal to increase the RBC factor for structured security residual tranches from 30% to 45% beginning January 1, 2024. We cannot predict what form the final proposal may take, or what effect its adoption may have on our business resultsand compliance costs.
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We are also subject to the rules and financial condition,regulations of the NYDFS which in 2017 adopted the Cybersecurity Requirements for Financial Services Companies (the “NY Cybersecurity Regulation”), a regulation applicable to banking and insurance entities under its jurisdiction (each, a “covered entity”). The NY Cybersecurity Regulation requires covered entities to, among other things, assess risks associated with their information systems and establish and maintain a cybersecurity program reasonably designed to protect such systems, consumers’ private data, and confidential business data. We have adopted a cybersecurity policy outlining our policies and procedures for the protection of our information systems and information stored on those systems that comports with the regulation. The NYDFS formally proposed amendments to the NY Cybersecurity Regulation, which, if adopted, would require new technical reporting; the implementation of governance and oversight measures, including that a senior governing body (e.g., the board of directors) have sufficient cybersecurity expertise to exercise effective oversight; the enhancement of certain cybersecurity safeguards (e.g., annual audits, vulnerability assessments, and password controls and monitoring); mandate notifications in the event that a covered entity makes a cyber-ransom payment and to otherwise provide prompt notification to NYDFS, subject to an ongoing obligation, following the occurrence of the cybersecurity event; require covered entities to maintain for examination and inspection upon request by NYDFS all records, schedules, and supporting data regarding cybersecurity events; and to annually certify with NYDFS material compliance with the NY CYbersecurity Regulation. The comment period on the draft amendments ended in January 2023, and in July 2023, the NYDFS exposed a revised set of proposed amendments for a 45-day comment period that ends on August 14, 2023. We cannot predict whether the amendments will be adopted, what form they will take, or what effect they would have on our business or compliance efforts.

The NAIC is also developing a new model law to replace the existing privacy models #670 (Insurance Information and Privacy Protections Model Act) and #672 (Privacy of Consumer Financial and Health Information Regulation). The NAIC’s Privacy Protections (H) Working Group (“PPWG”) held meetings in the spring, during which interested parties and consumer advocates provided feedback on the initial exposure draft of the new Consumer Privacy Protections and Model Law (“Model 674”). PPWG rewrote the model law and exposed a new draft of Model 674 on July 11, 2023. PPWG is targeting adoption of the new model law no earlier than the NAIC’s Fall National Meeting in December 2023. We cannot predict whether Model 674 will be adopted, what form it will take, or what effect it would have on our business or compliance efforts in the form adopted by states whose laws apply to our insurance subsidiaries.

In July 2023, the SEC adopted the Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure Final Rule (the “Cybersecurity Final Rule”) enhancing disclosure requirements for registered companies covering cybersecurity risk and management. The Cybersecurity Final Rule requires registrants to disclose material cybersecurity incidents on Form 8-K within four business days of a determination that a cybersecurity incident is material, and such materiality determination must be made without unreasonable delay. The rule also requires periodic disclosures of, among other things, details on the company’s processes to assess, identify, and manage cybersecurity risks, cybersecurity governance, and management’s role in overseeing such a compliance program, including the impact on our investment portfolio orboard of directors’ oversight of cybersecurity risks. Certain reporting requirements under the need for us to revisit or revise targets previously provided to the markets and/or aspects of our business model. Cybersecurity Final Rule become effective as early as December 2023.

For additional information regardingon regulatory developments and the actualrisks we face, see “Business—Regulation” and potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic“Risk Factors—Legal and action we have taken to mitigate certain impacts, see “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to ConditionsRegulatory Risks” in the Financial Markets and Economy—The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic”, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Executive Summary—COVID-19 Impact” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—General Account Investment Portfolio” in the 2021 Form 10-K.Recast 2022 Annual Report.
Revenues
Our revenues come from three principal sources:
fee income derived from our retirement and protection products and our investment management and research services;
premiums from our traditional life insurance and annuity products; and
investment income from our General Account investment portfolio.
Our fee income varies directly in relation to the amount of the underlying AV or benefit base of our retirement and protection products, the amount of AUM and AUA in our Wealth Management business, and the amount of AUM of our Investment Management and Research business. AV and AUM, each as defined in “Key Operating Measures,” are influenced by changes in economic conditions, primarily equity market returns, as well as net flows. Our premium income is driven by the growth in new policies written and the persistency of our in-force policies, both of which are influenced by a combination of factors, including our efforts to attract and retain customers and market conditions that influence demand for our products. Our investment income is driven by the yield on our General
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Account investment portfolio and is impacted by the prevailing level of interest rates as we reinvest cash associated with maturing investments and net flows to the portfolio.
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Benefits and Other Deductions
Our primary expenses are:
•    policyholders’ benefits and interest credited to policyholders’ account balances;
•    sales commissions and compensation paid to intermediaries and advisors that distribute our products and services; and
•    compensation and benefits provided to our employees and other operating expenses.
Policyholders’ benefits are driven primarily by mortality, customer withdrawals, and benefits which change in response to changes in capital market conditions. In addition, some of our policyholders’ benefits are directly tied to the AV and benefit base of our variable annuity products. Interest credited to policyholders varies in relation to the amount of the underlying AV or benefit base. Sales commissions and compensation paid to intermediaries and advisors vary in relation to premium and fee income generated from these sources, whereas compensation and benefits to our employees are more constant and impacted by market wages and decline with increases in efficiency. Our ability to manage these expenses across various economic cycles and products is critical to the profitability of our company.
Net Income Volatility
We have offered and continue to offer variable annuity products with GMxB features. The future claims exposure on these features is sensitive to movements in the equity markets and interest rates. Accordingly, we have implemented hedging and reinsurance programs designed to mitigate the economic exposure to us from these features due to equity market and interest rate movements. Changes in the values of the derivatives associated with these programs due to equity market and interest rate movements, together with the GMxB MRBs assets and liabilities are recognized in the periods in which they occur while corresponding changes in offsetting liabilities not measured at fair value are recognized over time.occur. This results in net income volatility as further described below. In addition, net income is impacted by changes in our reinsurers credit spread, while changes in the Company's credit spread is recorded in other comprehensive income. See “—Significant Factors Impacting Our Results—Impact of Hedging and GMxB Reinsurance on Results.”
In addition to our dynamic hedging strategy, we have static hedge positions designed to mitigate the adverse impact of changing market conditions on our statutory capital. We believe this program will continue to preserve the economic value of our variable annuity contracts and better protect our target variable annuity asset level. However, these static hedge positions increase the size of our derivative positions and may result in higher net income volatility on a period-over-period basis.
Due to the impacts on our net income of equity market and interest rate movements and other items that are not part of the underlying profitability drivers of our business, we evaluate and manage our business performance using Non-GAAP Operating Earnings, a non-GAAP financial measure that is intended to remove these impacts from our results. See “—Key Operating Measures—Non-GAAP Operating Earnings. ”
Significant Factors Impacting Our Results
The following significant factors have impacted, and may in the future impact, our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Impact of Hedging and GMxB Reinsurance on Results
We have offered and continue to offer variable annuity products with GMxB features. The future claims exposure on these features is sensitive to movements in the equity markets and interest rates. Accordingly, we have implemented hedging and reinsurance programs designed to mitigate the economic exposure to us from these features due to equity market and interest rate movements. These programs include:
Variable annuity hedging programs. We use a dynamic hedging program (within this program, generally, we reevaluate our economic exposure at least daily and rebalance our hedge positions accordingly) to mitigate certain risks associated with the GMxB features that are embedded in our liabilities for our variable annuity products. This program utilizes various derivative instruments that are managed in an effort to reduce the economic impact of unfavorable changes in GMxB features’ exposures attributable to movements in the equity markets and interest rates. Although this program is designed to provide a measure of economic protection against the impact of adverse market conditions, it does not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Accordingly, changes in value of the derivatives will be
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recognized in the period in which they occur with offsetting changes in reserves partially recognized in the current period, resultingperiod. In addition, we utilize AFS fixed maturity securities in our General Account to mitigate the economic impact unfavorable
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changes in GMxB features’ exposures attributable to movements in interest rates. However, the economic effect of interest rate changes on such securities is reflected in OCI, which results in net income volatility. volatility as the economic effect of interest rates on our GMxB MRB liabilities is reflected in net income.
In addition to our dynamic hedging program, we have a hedging program using static hedge positions (derivative positions intended to be HTMheld-to-maturity with less frequent re-balancing) to protect our statutory capital against stress scenarios. This program, in addition to our dynamic hedge program, has increased the size of our derivative positions, resulting in an increase inadditional net income volatility. The impacts are most pronounced for variable annuity products in our Individual Retirement segment.products.
GMxB reinsurance contracts. Historically, GMIBGMxB reinsurance contracts were used to cede to non-affiliated reinsurers a portion of our exposure to variable annuity products that offer a GMIBGMxB feature. We account for the GMIB reinsurance contracts as derivativesMRBs and report them at fair value. Gross GMIB reserves are calculated on the basis of assumptions related to projected benefits and related contract charges over the lives of the contracts. Accordingly, our gross reserves will not immediately reflect the offsetting impact on future claims exposure resulting from the same capital market or interest rate fluctuations that cause gains or losses on the fair value of the GMIB reinsurance contracts. Because changes in the fair value of the GMIB reinsurance contracts are recorded in the period in which they occur and a majority of the changes in gross reserves for GMIB are recognized over time, net income will be more volatile. In addition, on June 1, 2021, we ceded legacy variable annuity policies sold by Equitable Financial between 2006-2008 (the “Block”), comprised of non-New York “Accumulator” policies containing fixed rate GMIB and/or GMDB guarantees. As this contract provides full risk transfer and thus has the same risk attributes as the underlying direct contracts, the benefits of this treaty are accounted for in the same manner as the underlying gross reserves.
Effect of Assumption Updates on Operating Results
During the third quarter of each year, we conduct our annual review of the assumptions underlying the valuation of DAC, deferred sales inducement assets, unearned revenue liabilities, liabilities for future policyholder benefits and embedded derivativesmarket risk benefits for our Individual Retirement, Group Retirement, Protection Solutions, and Protection SolutionLegacy segments (assumption reviews are not relevant for the Investment Management and Research segment)and Wealth Management segments). Assumptions are based on a combination of Company experience, industry experience, management actions and expert judgment and reflect our best estimate as of the date of the applicable financial statements.
Most of the variable annuity products, variable universal life insurance and universal life insurance products we offer maintain policyholder deposits that are reported as liabilities and classified within either Separate Accounts liabilities or policyholder account balances. Our products and riders also impact liabilities for future policyholder benefits, market risk benefits and unearned revenues and assets for DAC and DSI. The valuation of these assets and liabilities (other than deposits) is based on differing accounting methods depending on the product, each of which requires numerous assumptions and considerable judgment. The accounting guidance applied in the valuation of these assets and liabilities includes, but is not limited to, the following: (i) traditional life insurance products for which assumptions are locked in at inception;updated annually to estimate the value of future death, morbidity or income benefits; (ii) universal life insurance and variable life insurance secondary guarantees for which benefit liabilities are determined by estimating the expected value of death benefits payable when the account balance is projected to be zero and recognizing those benefits ratably over the accumulation period based on total expected assessments; (iii) certain product guarantees for which benefit liabilities are accrued over the life of the contract in proportion to actual and future expected policy assessments;reported as market risk benefits at fair value; and (iv) certain product guarantees reported as embedded derivatives at fair value.
For further details of our accounting policies and related judgments pertaining to assumption updates, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and “—Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates—Liability for Future Policy Benefits” included in the 2021 Form 10-K.Recast 2022 Annual Report.
Macroeconomic and Industry Trends
Our business and consolidated results of operations are significantly affected by economic conditions and consumer confidence, conditions in the global capital markets and the interest rate environment.
Financial and Economic Environment
A wide variety of factors continue to impact financial and economic conditions. These factors include, among others, volatility in the capital markets, low interest rates, inflationary pressures, economic growth, fuel and energy costs supply chain disruptions, changes in fiscal or monetary policy and geopolitical tensions. The invasion of Ukraine by Russia and the sanctions and other measures imposed in response to this conflict significantly increased the level of volatility in the financial markets and have increased the level of economic and political uncertainty.
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Stressed conditions, volatility and disruptions in the capital markets, particular markets, or financial asset classes can have an adverse effect on us, in part because we have a large investment portfolio. In addition, our insurance liabilities and derivatives are sensitive to changing market factors, including equity market performance and interest rates. During the second quarter 2022, equity markets continued their decline and interest rates continued to rise, and are anticipated to continue to rise throughout the year based on statements of members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. An increase in market volatility could continue to affect our business, including through effects on the yields we earn on invested assets, changes in required reserves and capital and fluctuations in the value of our AUM, AV or AUA from which we derive our fee income. These effects could be exacerbated by uncertainty about future fiscal policy, changes in tax policy, the scope of potential deregulation and levels of global trade.
The potential for increased volatility, coupled with prevailing interest rates remaining below historical averages despite inflationary pressures, could pressure sales and reduce demand for our products as consumers consider purchasing alternative products to meet their objectives. In addition, this environment could make it difficult to consistently develop products that are attractive to customers. Financial performance can be adversely affected by market volatility and equity market declines as fees driven by AV and AUM fluctuate, hedging costs increase and revenues decline due to reduced sales and increased outflows.
We monitor the behavior of our customers and other factors, including mortality rates, morbidity rates, annuitization rates and lapse and surrender rates, which change in response to changes in capital market conditions, to ensure that our products and solutions remain attractive and profitable. For additional information on our sensitivity to interest rates and capital market prices, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Interest Rate Environment
We believe the interest rate environment will continue to impact our business and financial performance in the future for several reasons, including the following:
Certain of our variable annuity and life insurance products pay guaranteed minimum interest crediting rates. We are required to pay these guaranteed minimum rates even if earnings on our investment portfolio decline, with the resulting investment margin compression negatively impacting earnings. In addition, we expect more policyholders to hold policies with comparatively high guaranteed rates longer (lower lapse rates) in a low interest rate environment. Conversely, a rise in average yield on our investment portfolio should positively impact earnings. Similarly, we expect policyholders would be less likely to hold policies with existing guaranteed rates (higher lapse rates) as interest rates rise.
A prolonged low interest rate environment, despite recent interest rate increases, also may subject us to increased hedging costs or an increase in the amount of statutory reserves that our insurance subsidiaries are required to hold for GMxB features, lowering their statutory surplus, which would adversely affect their ability to pay dividends to us. In addition, it may also increase the perceived value of GMxB features to our policyholders, which in turn may lead to a higher rate of annuitization and higher persistency of those products over time. Finally, low interest rates may continue to cause an acceleration of DAC amortization or reserve increase due to loss recognition for interest sensitive products, primarily for our Protection Solutions segment.
For a discussion on derivatives we used to hedge interest rates, see Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
Regulatory Developments
Our life insurance subsidiaries are regulated primarily at the state level, with some policies and products also subject to federal regulation. In addition, Holdings and its insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation under the insurance holding company laws of various U.S. jurisdictions. Furthermore, on an ongoing basis, regulators refine capital requirements and introduce new reserving standards. Regulations recently adopted or currently under review can potentially impact our statutory reserve, capital requirements and profitability of the industry and result in increased regulation and oversight for the industry. For additional information on regulatory developments and the risks we face, see “Business—Regulation” and “Risk Factors—Legal and Regulatory Risks.” in the 2021 Form 10-K.
Climate Risks. In March 2022, the SEC released proposed rule changes on climate-related disclosure. The proposed rule changes would require companies to include certain climate-related disclosures including information about climate-related risks that have had or reasonably likely to have a material impact on their business, results of operations, or financial condition, and certain climate-related financial statement metrics in a note to the audited financial statements. Among other things, the
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required information about climate-related risks also would include disclosure of a company’s greenhouse gas emissions, information about climate-related targets and goals, and if a transition plan, has been adopted as part of climate-related risk management strategy, and requires extensive attestation requirements. If adopted as proposed, the rule changes are expected to result in additional compliance and reporting costs.
Privacy and Security of Customer Information and Cybersecurity Regulation. In March 2022, the SEC released proposed rules enhancing cybersecurity risk and management disclosure requirements for companies. If enacted, the proposed rules would, among other things, require disclosure of any material cybersecurity incident on its Form 8-K within four business days of determining that the incident it has experienced is material. They would also require periodic disclosures of, among other things, (i) details on the company’s cybersecurity policies and procedures, (ii) cybersecurity governance, oversight policies and risk management policies, including the board of directors’ oversight of cybersecurity risks, (iii) the relevant expertise of members of the board of directors with respect to cybersecurity issues and (iv) details of any cybersecurity incident that was previously disclosed on Form 8-K, as well as any undisclosed incidents that were non-material, but have become material in the aggregate.
Productivity Strategies
Retirement and Protection Businesses
As part of our continuing efforts to drive productivity improvements, in January 2021, we began a new program expected to achieve $80 million of targeted run-rate expense savings by 2023, of which $39 million has been achieved as of June 30, 2022. We expect to achieve these savings by shifting our workforce into an agile working model, leveraging technology-enabled capabilities, optimizing our real estate footprint, and continuing to realize a portion of COVID-19 related savings.
Key Operating Measures
In addition to our results presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we report Non-GAAP Operating Earnings, Non-GAAP Operating ROE, and Non-GAAP operating common EPS, each of which is a measure that is not determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Management principally uses these non-GAAP financial measures in evaluating performance because they present a clearer picture of our operating performance and they allow management to allocate resources. Similarly, management believes that the use of these Non-GAAP financial measures, together with relevant U.S. GAAP measures, provide investors with a better understanding of our results of operations and the underlying profitability drivers and trends of our business. These non-GAAP financial measures are intended to remove from our results of operations the impact of market changes (where there is mismatch in the valuation of assets and liabilities) as well as certain other expenses which are not part of our underlying profitability drivers or likely to re-occur in the foreseeable future, as such items fluctuate from period-to-period in a manner inconsistent with these drivers. These measures should be considered supplementary to our results that are presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be viewed as a substitute for the U.S. GAAP measures. Other companies may use similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures that are calculated differently from the way we calculate such measures. Consequently, our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies.
We also discuss certain operating measures, including AUM, AUA, AV, Protection Solutions Reserves and certain other operating measures, which management believes provide useful information about our businesses and the operational factors underlying our financial performance.
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Non-GAAP Operating Earnings
Non-GAAP Operating Earnings is an after-tax non-GAAP financial measure used to evaluate our financial performance on a consolidated basis that is determined by making certain adjustments to our consolidated after-tax net income attributable to Holdings. The most significant of such adjustments relates to our derivative positions, which protect economic value and statutory capital, and are more sensitive to changes in market conditions than the variable annuity product liabilities as valued under U.S. GAAP.MRBs. This is a large source of volatility in net income.
Non-GAAP Operating Earnings equals our consolidated after-tax net income attributable to Holdings adjusted to eliminate the impact of the following items:
Items related to variable annuity product features, which include: (i) certain changes in the fair value of market risk benefits and purchased market risk benefits, including the related attributed fees and claims, offset by derivatives and other securities we useused to hedge these features; (ii) the effect of benefit ratio unlock adjustments, including extraordinary economic conditions or events suchmarket risk benefits which result in residual net income volatility as COVID-19; (iii) changesthe change in the fair value of the embedded derivativescertain securities is reflected within variable annuity products’ net derivative resultsin OCI and the impact of these items on DAC
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amortization ondue to our SCS product;statutory capital hedge program; and (iv) DAC amortization for the SCS variable annuity product(ii) market adjustments to deposit asset or liability accounts arising from near-term fluctuations in index segment returns;reinsurance agreements which do not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk;
Investment (gains) losses, which includes credit loss impairments of securities/investments, sales or disposals of securities/investments, realized capital gains/losses and valuation allowances;
Net actuarial (gains) losses, which includes actuarial gains and losses as a result of differences between actual and expected experience on pension plan assets or projected benefit obligation during a given period related to pension, other postretirement benefit obligations, and the one-time impact of the settlement of the defined benefit obligation;
Other adjustments, which primarily include restructuring costs related to severance and separation, lease write-offs related to non-recurring restructuring activities, COVID-19 related impacts, net derivative gains (losses) on certain Non-GMxB derivatives, net investment income from certain items including consolidated VIE investments, seed capital mark-to-market adjustments, unrealized gain/losses associated with equityand realized capital gains/losses from sales or disposals of select securities, certain legal accruals; and a bespoke deal to repurchase UL policies from one entity that had invested in numerous policies purchased in the life settlement market, which disposed of the risk of additional COI litigation by that entity related to those UL policies; and
Income tax expense (benefit) related to the above items and non-recurring tax items, which includes the effect of uncertain tax positions for a given audit period.
In the first quarter 2022, the Company updated its Operating earnings measure to exclude the DAC amortization impact of near-term fluctuations in indexed segment returns on the SCS variable annuity product to reflect the impact of market fluctuations consistently with the long term duration of the product. For the threeperiod and six months ended June 30, 2022, Operating earnings was favorably impacted by this change in the amount of $50 million and $70 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. The presentation of Operating earnings in prior periods was not revised to reflect this modification, however, the Company estimated that had the treatment in the Company’s Operating earnings measure of the Amortization of DAC for SCS been modified in 2020, the pre-tax impact on Operating earnings of excluding the SCS-related DAC amortization from Operating earnings would have been a decrease of $10 million, $14 million, $16 million and $34 million for the for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, and years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.deferred tax valuation allowance.
Because Non-GAAP operating earningsOperating Earnings excludes the foregoing items that can be distortive or unpredictable, management believes that this measure enhances the understanding of the Company’s underlying drivers of profitability and trends in our business, thereby allowing management to make decisions that will positively impact our business.
We use the prevailing corporate federal income tax rate of 21% while taking into account any non-recurring differences for events recognized differently in our financial statements and federal income tax returns as well as partnership income taxed at lower rates when reconciling Net income (loss) attributable to Holdings to Non-GAAP operating earnings.Operating Earnings.
The table below presents a reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to Holdings to Non-GAAP operating earningsOperating Earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)
Net income (loss) attributable to HoldingsNet income (loss) attributable to Holdings$1,728 $123 $2,301 $(1,365)Net income (loss) attributable to Holdings$759 $967 $936 $1,497 
Adjustments related to:Adjustments related to:Adjustments related to:
Variable annuity product featuresVariable annuity product features(1,924)1,193 (2,525)3,460 Variable annuity product features(65)(1,031)796 (1,647)
Investment (gains) lossesInvestment (gains) losses231 (420)557 (603)Investment (gains) losses56 231 143 557 
Net actuarial (gains) losses related to pension and other postretirement benefit obligationsNet actuarial (gains) losses related to pension and other postretirement benefit obligations19 26 38 60 Net actuarial (gains) losses related to pension and other postretirement benefit obligations9 19 18 38 
Other adjustments (1) (2) (3)148 368 531 
Other adjustments (1)Other adjustments (1)62 177 107 405 
Income tax expense (benefit) related to above adjustmentsIncome tax expense (benefit) related to above adjustments321 (171)329 (726)Income tax expense (benefit) related to above adjustments(13)127 (223)136 
Non-recurring tax items(2)Non-recurring tax items(2)3 — 6 Non-recurring tax items(2)(367)(972)
Non-GAAP Operating EarningsNon-GAAP Operating Earnings$526 $758 $1,074 $1,358 Non-GAAP Operating Earnings$441 $493 $805 $992 
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______________
(1) Includes Separation Costs of $16 million and $37 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. Separation costs were completed during 2021.
(2)Includes certain gross legal expensesaccruals related to the cost of insuranceCOI litigation of $35 million, $107 million, and $0 million, $166$35 million and $180$166 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021, respectively.2022. Includes policyholder benefit costs of $0 million and
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$75$75 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 stemming from a deal to repurchase UL policies from one entity that had invested in numerous policies purchased in the life settlement market.
(3)(2)Includes Non-GMxB related derivative hedge losses of ($38) million, ($100) million, ($40) million and $144 million forFor the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023, non-recurring tax items reflect primarily the effect of uncertain tax positions for a given audit period and 2021, respectively.a decrease of the deferred tax valuation allowance of $376 million and $990 million.

Non-GAAP Operating ROE
We calculate Non-GAAP Operating ROE by dividing Non-GAAP operating earningsOperating Earnings for the previous twelve calendar months by consolidated average equity attributable to Holdings’ common shareholders, excluding AOCI. AOCI fluctuates period-to-period in a manner inconsistent with our underlying profitability drivers as the majority of such fluctuation is related to the market volatility of the unrealized gains and losses associated with our AFS securities. Therefore, we believe excluding AOCI is more effective for analyzing the trends of our operations.
The following table presents return on average equity attributable to Holdings’ common shareholders, excluding AOCI and Non-GAAP Operating ROE for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2022.2023.
Trailing Twelve Months Ended June 30, 20222023
(Dollars in millions)
Net income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholders$3,1471,512 
Average equity attributable to Holdings’ common shareholders, excluding AOCI$8,4878,848 
Return on average equity attributable to Holdings’ common shareholders, excluding AOCI37.117.1 %
Non-GAAP Operating Earnings available to Holdings’ common shareholders$2,4611,459 
Average equity attributable to Holdings’ common shareholders, excluding AOCI$8,4878,848 
Non-GAAP Operating ROE29.016.5 %
Non-GAAP Operating Common EPS
Non-GAAP operating common EPS is calculated by dividing Non-GAAP Operating Earnings by diluted common shares outstanding. The following table sets forth Non-GAAP operating common EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021.2022.
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(per share amounts)(per share amounts)
Net income (loss) attributable to Holdings (1)Net income (loss) attributable to Holdings (1)$4.54 $0.29 $5.96 $(3.18)Net income (loss) attributable to Holdings (1)$2.13 $2.54 $2.60 $3.87 
Less: Preferred stock dividendsLess: Preferred stock dividends0.07 0.06 0.10 0.09 Less: Preferred stock dividends0.07 0.07 0.11 0.10 
Net income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholdersNet income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholders4.47 0.23 5.86 (3.27)Net income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholders2.06 2.47 2.49 3.77 
Adjustments related to:Adjustments related to:Adjustments related to:
Variable annuity product featuresVariable annuity product features(5.06)2.79 (6.54)8.06 Variable annuity product features(0.18)(2.71)2.21 (4.27)
Investment (gains) lossesInvestment (gains) losses0.61 (0.98)1.44 (1.41)Investment (gains) losses0.16 0.61 0.40 1.44 
Net actuarial (gains) losses related to pension and other postretirement benefit obligationsNet actuarial (gains) losses related to pension and other postretirement benefit obligations0.05 0.06 0.10 0.14 Net actuarial (gains) losses related to pension and other postretirement benefit obligations0.03 0.05 0.05 0.10 
Other adjustments (2) (3) (4)0.39 0.01 0.95 1.24 
Other adjustments (2) (3)Other adjustments (2) (3)0.17 0.47 0.30 1.05 
Income tax expense (benefit) related to above adjustmentsIncome tax expense (benefit) related to above adjustments0.84 (0.40)0.85 (1.69)Income tax expense (benefit) related to above adjustments(0.04)0.33 (0.62)0.35 
Non-recurring tax items(4)Non-recurring tax items(4)0.01 — 0.02 — Non-recurring tax items(4)(1.03)0.01 (2.70)0.02 
Non-GAAP operating common EPSNon-GAAP operating common EPS$1.31 $1.71 $2.68 $3.07 Non-GAAP operating common EPS$1.17 $1.23 $2.13 $2.46 
______________
(1)For periods presented with a net loss, basic shares are used for EPS .EPS.
(2)Includes separation costs of $0.04 and $0.09 for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
(3)Includes certain gross legal expenses related to the cost of insurance litigation and claims related to a commercial relationship of $0.10, $0.28, $0.00,$0.10 and $0.43 and $0.42 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and2021, respectively. Includes policyholder benefit costs of $$0.00 and $0.17
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$0.19 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 stemming from a deal to repurchase UL policies from one entity that had invested in numerous policies purchased in the life settlement market.
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(4)(3)Includes Non-GMxB related derivative hedge losses of ($0.10)$0.02, $(0.10), ($0.23), ($0.09)$0.03 and $0.34$(0.10) for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively.
(4)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, non-recurring tax items reflects the effect of uncertain tax positions for a given audit period and a decrease of a deferred tax valuation allowance.
Assets Under Management
AUM means investment assets that are managed by one of our subsidiaries and includes: (i) assets managed by AB; (ii) the assets in our General Account investment portfolio; and (iii) the Separate Accounts assets of our Individual Retirement, Group Retirement and Protection Solutions businesses. Total AUM reflects exclusions between segments to avoid double counting.
Assets Under Administration
AUA includes non-insurance client assets that are invested in our savings and investment products or serviced by our Equitable Advisors platform. We provide administrative services for these assets and generally record the revenues received as distribution fees.
Account Value
AV generally equals the aggregate policy account value of our retirement products. General Account AV refers to account balances in investment options that are backed by the General Account while Separate Accounts AV refers to Separate Accounts investment assets.
Protection Solutions Reserves
Protection Solutions Reserves equals the aggregate value of policyholders’ account balances and future policy benefits for policies in our Protection Solutions segment.
Consolidated Results of Operations
Our consolidated results of operations are significantly affected by conditions in the capital markets and the economy because we offer market sensitive products. These products have been a significant driver of our results of operations. Because the future claims exposure on these products is sensitive to movements in the equity markets and interest rates, we have in place various hedging and reinsurance programs that are designed to mitigate the economic risk of movements in the equity markets and interest rates. The volatility in net income attributable to Holdings for the periods presented below results from the mismatch between: (i) the change in carrying value of the reserves for GMDB and certain GMIB features that do not fully and immediately reflect the impact of equity and interest market fluctuations; (ii) the change in fair value of products with the GMIB feature that have a no-lapse guarantee; and (iii) our hedging and reinsurance programs.
Ownership and Consolidation of AllianceBernstein
Our indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, AllianceBernstein Corporation, is the General Partner of AB. Accordingly, AB’s results are fully reflected in our consolidated financial statements.
Our For additional information on our economic interest in AB, was approximately 65% duringsee Note 1 of the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table summarizes our consolidated statements of income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions, except per share data)(in millions, except per share data)
REVENUESREVENUESREVENUES
Policy charges and fee incomePolicy charges and fee income$813 $939 $1,653 $1,888 Policy charges and fee income$594 $620 $1,182 $1,270 
PremiumsPremiums238 241 485 499 Premiums280 238 556 485 
Net derivative gains (losses)Net derivative gains (losses)2,229 (1,199)3,050 (3,745)Net derivative gains (losses)(917)1,858 (1,758)2,017 
Net investment income (loss)711 1,033 1,515 1,917 
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Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions, except per share data)(in millions, except per share data)
Net investment income (loss)Net investment income (loss)1,036 711 2,026 1,515 
Investment gains (losses), net:Investment gains (losses), net:Investment gains (losses), net:
Credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and loansCredit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and loans(9)1 Credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and loans(14)(9)(80)
Other investment gains (losses), netOther investment gains (losses), net(223)415 (559)598 Other investment gains (losses), net(42)(223)(63)(559)
Total investment gains (losses), netTotal investment gains (losses), net(232)420 (558)604 Total investment gains (losses), net(56)(232)(143)(558)
Investment management and service feesInvestment management and service fees1,197 1,318 2,552 2,575 Investment management and service fees1,182 1,197 2,362 2,552 
Other incomeOther income212 198 415 365 Other income258 298 509 555 
Total revenuesTotal revenues5,168 2,950 9,112 4,103 Total revenues2,377 4,690 4,734 7,836 
BENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS
Policyholders’ benefitsPolicyholders’ benefits914 828 1,974 1,767 Policyholders’ benefits684 589 1,414 1,391 
Remeasurement of liability for future policy benefitsRemeasurement of liability for future policy benefits(7)12 (3)34 
Change in market risk benefits and purchased market risk benefitsChange in market risk benefits and purchased market risk benefits(975)814 (955)347 
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesInterest credited to policyholders’ account balances309 309 624 600 Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances501 310 964 623 
Compensation and benefitsCompensation and benefits518 568 1,113 1,148 Compensation and benefits566 518 1,149 1,114 
Commissions and distribution-related paymentsCommissions and distribution-related payments394 397 816 779 Commissions and distribution-related payments393 394 773 816 
Interest expenseInterest expense50 51 97 125 Interest expense55 50 116 97 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costsAmortization of deferred policy acquisition costs160 106 341 193 Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs155 145 307 288 
Other operating costs and expensesOther operating costs and expenses583 447 1,120 1,055 Other operating costs and expenses466 583 889 1,117 
Total benefits and other deductionsTotal benefits and other deductions2,928 2,706 6,085 5,667 Total benefits and other deductions1,838 3,415 4,654 5,827 
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income taxesIncome (loss) from continuing operations, before income taxes2,240 244 3,027 (1,564)Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income taxes539 1,275 80 2,009 
Income tax (expense) benefitIncome tax (expense) benefit(467)(21)(615)387 Income tax (expense) benefit292 (264)1,017 (401)
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)1,773 223 2,412 (1,177)Net income (loss)831 1,011 1,097 1,608 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interestLess: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest45 100 111 188 Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest72 44 161 111 
Net income (loss) attributable to HoldingsNet income (loss) attributable to Holdings1,728 123 2,301 (1,365)Net income (loss) attributable to Holdings759 967 936 1,497 
Less: Preferred stock dividendsLess: Preferred stock dividends26 26 40 39 Less: Preferred stock dividends26 26 40 40 
Net income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholdersNet income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholders$1,702 $97 $2,261 $(1,404)Net income (loss) available to Holdings’ common shareholders$733 $941 $896 $1,457 
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHAREEARNINGS PER COMMON SHAREEARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Net income (loss) applicable to Holdings’ common shareholders per common share:Net income (loss) applicable to Holdings’ common shareholders per common share:Net income (loss) applicable to Holdings’ common shareholders per common share:
BasicBasic$4.49 $0.23 $5.89 $(3.27)Basic$2.06 $2.48 $2.50 $3.80 
DilutedDiluted$4.47 $0.23 $5.86 $(3.27)Diluted$2.06 $2.47 $2.49 $3.77 
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions):Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions):Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions):
BasicBasic378.9 424.2 383.7 429.2 Basic355.2 378.9 358.5 383.7 
DilutedDiluted380.6 428.3 386.1 429.2 Diluted356.1 380.6 360.0 386.1 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Non-GAAP Operating Earnings$526 $758 $1,074 $1,358 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Non-GAAP Operating Earnings$441 $493 $805 $992 

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The following table summarizes our Non-GAAP Operating Earnings per common share for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023, and 2021:2022:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
Non-GAAP operating earnings per common share:
Basic$1.32 $1.73 $2.69 $3.07 
Diluted$1.31 $1.71 $2.68 $3.07 
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Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
Non-GAAP operating earnings per common share:
Basic$1.17 $1.23 $2.13 $2.48 
Diluted$1.17 $1.23 $2.13 $2.46 

Three Months Ended June 30, 20222023 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 20212022
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Holdings
Net income attributable to Holdings increased by $1.6 billion,decreased $208 million, to a net income of $1.7 billion$759 million for the three months ended June 30, 20222023 from a net income of $123$967 million in the three months ended June 30, 2021.2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers for the change in net income (loss):
FavorableUnfavorable items included:
Net derivative losses were $917 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to gains increasedof $1.9 billion in the prior year period primarily driven by $3.4 billion from a $1.2 billion loss from prior period dueequity market appreciation during the second quarter 2023 compared to equity market depreciation induring the second quarter 2022 and impacts from non-performance risk and credit spreads on embedded derivatives2022.
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances increased by $191 million mainly due to spread widening.an increase in interest rate and average outstanding amounts of funding agreements in Corporate and Other and higher interest crediting rates on SCS due to a higher interest rate environment and growth of SCS AV in our Individual Retirement segment, partially offset by the impact of the Global Atlantic Transaction in our Group Retirement segment.
Policyholders’ benefits increased by $95 million mainly due to higher net mortality in our Protection Solutions segment.
Compensation and benefits increased by $48 million mainly due to higher performance shares driven by higher equity and restricted stock expense in our Individual Retirement segment, higher compensation and benefits in our Investment Management and Research segment and higher Employee Benefits variable expenses in our Protection Solutions segment.
Fee-type revenue decreased by $39 million mainly driven by ceded assets from the Global Atlantic Transaction from our Group Retirement segment, decline in customer trading activity and lower overall portfolio rates in our Investment Management and Research segment and lower fees from our Individual Retirement segment as a result of lower average Separate Accounts AV due to market depreciation.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest decreasedincreased by $55$28 million mainly due to gains from AB’s consolidated VIEs, partially offset by lower AB pre-tax income and lower consolidated VIE income.
These were partially offset by the following unfavorablefavorable items:
Investment gainsChange in market risk benefits and purchased market risk benefits decreased by $652$1.8 billion mainly due to an increase in equity markets during the second quarter 2023 compared to a decrease during the second quarter 2022, partially offset by interest rates from first quarter 2023 versus first quarter 2022.
Net investment income increased by $325 million mainly due to thehigher assets, higher investment yields and higher income from seed capital investments, partially offset by lower alternative investment income.
Investment losses decreased by $176 million mainly due to rebalancing program to reduce duration during 2022.
Net investment incomeOther operating costs and expenses decreased by $322 million mainly due to lower alternative investment income, lower prepayments, lower assets due to the Venerable Transaction, and lower income from seed capital investments (offset by hedging gains in derivatives) partially offset higher income from TIPS (offset in inflation related hedging losses) and GA optimization.
Fee-type revenue decreased by $236 million mainly driven by lower advisory base fees and performance-based fees and distribution revenues in our Investment Management & Research segment as a result of lower average AUM due to net outflows and market depreciation as well as lower average Separate Accounts AV within our Individual Retirement segment, as a result of lower equity markets and the impact of AV ceded to Venerable, partially offset by commission reimbursements in Other Income.
Compensation, benefits and other operating expenses increased by $86 million mainly due to higher litigation reserve accruals.
Policyholders’ benefits increased by $86$117 million mainly due to the equity market depreciationrelease of the COI litigation accrual in the second quarter 2022 compared to equity market appreciation during the second quarter 2021(offset in Net Derivative gains) partially offset by the impact of the Venerable Transaction on GMxB reserve accrual and lower mortality in our Protection Solutions segment.
Amortization of DAC increased by $54 million mainly due to the impact of equity market depreciation on SCS.2022.
Income tax benefit of $287 million for the three months ended, June 30, 2023, compared to income tax expense increased by $446of $467 million mainly duefor the three months ended June 30, 2022 primarily related to an increasea partial release of the valuation allowance
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of $376 million on the deferred tax asset, and a decrease in pre-tax income infor the second quarter of 2022.2023 compared to second quarter 2022
Non-GAAP Operating Earnings
Non-GAAP Operating Earnings decreased by $232$52 million to $526$441 million for the three months ended June 30, 20222023 from $758$493 million in the three months ended June 30, 2021.2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers for the change in Non-GAAP Operating Earnings:
Unfavorable items included:
Fee-type revenue decreasedInterest credited to policyholders’ account balances increased by $241$191 million mainly due to lower advisory base feesan increase in interest rates and performance-based feesaverage outstanding amounts of funding agreements in Corporate and distribution revenues in our Investment Management & Research segment as a result of lower average AUMOther and higher interest crediting rate on SCS due to net outflowsa higher interest rate environment and market depreciation as well as lower average Separate Accountsgrowth of SCS AV withinin our Individual Retirement segment, as a result of lower equity markets andpartially offset by the impact of AVthe policies ceded to Venerable, partially offset by commission reimbursementsfrom the Global Atlantic Transaction in Other Income.our Group Retirement segment.
Net investment income decreased by $218 million mainly due to lower alternative investment income, lower prepayments, lower assets due to the Venerable Transaction, and lower income from seed capital investments (offset
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by hedging gains in derivatives) partially offset higher income from TIPS (offset in inflation related hedging losses) and GA optimization.
Policyholders’ benefits increased by $171$95 million mainly due to equity market depreciationhigher net mortality in our Protection Solutions segment.
Net derivative losses were $23 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to gains of $18 million in the second quarter 2022 comparedprior year period mainly due to equity market appreciation during the second quarter 2021(offset in Net Derivative gains) partially offset by2023 compared to the impact ofequity market depreciation during the Venerable Transaction on GMxB reserve accrual and lower mortality in our Protection Solutions segment.second quarter 2022.
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses increased by $21$16 million mainly due to unfavorable COLI impactshigher restricted stock expense in our Individual Retirement segment, higher compensation and higher consulting expenses partially offset by lower incentive compensationbenefits in our Investment Management &and Research segment and lower fundhigher Employee Benefits variable expenses from lower average assets due to the Venerable Transactionin our Protection Solutions segment.
Amortization of DAC increased by $14$10 million mainly due to equity market depreciation during first quarter 2022.growth in the Individual Retirement segment from sales momentum.
Earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest increased by $7 million mainly due to gains from consolidated VIEs.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Net derivative gainsinvestment income increased by $356$213 million from a $110 million loss in the prior period mainly due to equity market depreciation (offset in Policyholder’s benefits)higher assets, higher investment yields and higher income from seed capital investments, partially offset by inflation related hedging losses on TIPS .lower alternative investment income.
Earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest decreasedFee-type revenue increased by $24$32 million mainly due to lower AB Operating earningsEmployee Benefits premium growth in our InvestmentProtection Solutions segment and higher retirement sales and sweep revenue in our Wealth Management and Research segment.
Income tax expense decreased by $49$47 million driven by lower pre-tax earnings partially offset by a higherand lower effective tax rate

in 2023.
Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 20212022
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Holdings
Net lossincome attributable to Holdings decreased by $3.7 billion$561 million to a net income of $2.3 billion$936 million for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 from a net lossincome of $1.4 billion$1,497 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021.2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers for the change in net income (loss):
FavorableUnfavorable items included:
Net derivative losses were $1.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to gains increased $6.8of $2.0 billion from a $3.7 billion loss in the first six months of the prior periodyear primarily driven by reduced interest rate derivative positions andequity market appreciation during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to equity market depreciation during the first half of 2022 as compared to the first half of 2021.six months ended June 30, 2022.
Net income attributableInterest credited to noncontrolling interest decreasedpolicyholders’ account balances increased by $77$341 million mainly due to losses from AB’s consolidated VIEs.
These were partially offset by the following unfavorable items:
Investment gains decreased by $1.2 billion mainlyincreased interest rates and average outstanding amounts of funding agreements in Corporate and Other and higher interest crediting rate on SCS due to the rebalancing in the General Account portfolio associated with the Venerable Transactiona higher interest rate environment and the rebalancing program to reduce duration during the first halfgrowth of 2022.
Net investment income decreased by $402 million mainly due to lower alternative investment income, lower prepayments , lower assets due to the Venerable Transaction, and lower income from seed capital investments (offset by hedging gains in derivatives) partially offset higher income from TIPS (offset in inflation related hedging losses) and GA optimization.
Fee-type revenue decreased by $222 million mainly driven by lower feesSCS AV in our Individual Retirement segment, as a result of lower equity markets and fee-income ceded to Venerable partially offset by higher base fees, performance fees and distribution revenues in our Investment Management & Research segment primarily as a result of higher average AUM and higher premiums due to growth in Employee Benefits in our Protection Solutions segment.
Policyholders’ benefits increased by $207 million mainly due to the equity market depreciation in the second quarter 2022 compared to equity market appreciation during the second quarter 2021(offset in Net Derivative gains) partially offset by impact of the VenerableGlobal Atlantic Transaction on GMxB reserve accrual and lower mortality and lower accrual of PFBL reserves in our Protection SolutionsGroup Retirement segment.
Amortization of DAC increased by $148 million mainly due to unfavorable markets during first half of 2022 compared to favorable markets during first half of 2021.
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CommissionsFee-type revenue decreased by $253 million mainly driven by lower fees from our Investment Management and distribution-related paymentsResearch segment primarily driven by lower average AUM, and lower fees from our Group Retirement segment due to lower average Separate Account AV from market depreciation and ceded assets from the Global Atlantic Transaction.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest increased by $37$50 million mainly due to growthgains from AB’s consolidated VIEs partially offset by lower AB pre-tax income.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Change in broker dealer salesmarket risk benefits and higher sales of Employee Benefits productspurchased market risk benefits decreased by $1.3 billion mainly due to an increase in our Protection Solutions segment.equity markets during the second quarter 2023 compared to a decrease during the second quarter 2022, partially offset by interest rates from first quarter 2023 versus first quarter 2022.
Compensation, benefits and other operating expensesNet investment income increased by $30$511 million mainly due to higher assets, higher investment yields and higher income from seed capital investments, partially offset by lower alternative investment income and lower pre-payment income.
Investment gains increased by $415 million mainly due to rebalancing in the General Account portfolio servicing feesassociated with the duration program during 2022.
Other operating costs and expenses decreased by $228 million mainly due to the release of the COI litigation accrual in the second quarter 2022 and lower general and administrative expenses in our Investment Management and Research segment, unfavorable COLI impacts and higher consulting expenses partially offset by lower fund expenses from lower average assets due to the Venerable Transactions and lower separation expenses and legal reserve accruals.segment.
Income tax benefit of $1,017 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to income tax expense increased by $1.0 billionof $401 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 primarily duerelated to a partial release of the valuation allowance of $990 million on the deferred tax asset, and lower pre-tax income infor the first half of 2022six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to a pre-tax loss in the first half of 2021.six months ended June 30, 2022.
See “—Significant Factors Impacting Our Results—Effect of Assumption Updates on Operating Results” for more information regarding assumption updates.
Non-GAAP Operating Earnings
Non-GAAP Operating Earnings decreased by $284$187 million to $1.1 billion$805 million for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 from $1.4 billion$992 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021.2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers for the change in Non-GAAP Operating Earnings.
Unfavorable items included:
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances increased by $341 million mainly due to increased interest rates and average outstanding amounts of funding agreements in Corporate and Other and higher interest crediting rate on SCS due to a higher interest rate environment and growth of SCS AV in our Individual Retirement segment, partially offset by the impact of the policies ceded from the Global Atlantic Transaction in our Group Retirement segment.
Fee-type revenue decreased by $169 million mainly driven by lower fees primarily from our Investment Management and Research segment driven by lower average AUM, and lower fees from our Individual Retirement segment as a result of lower average Separate Accounts AV due to market depreciation.
Policyholders’ benefits increased by $272$93 million mainly due to the equity market depreciation in the second quarter 2022 compared to equity market appreciation during the second quarter 2021(offset in Net Derivative gains) and growth in our Employee Benefits business partially offset by impact of the Venerable Transaction on GMxB reserve accrual and by lowerhigher net mortality and lower accrual of PFBL reserves in our Protection Solutions segment.
Net investment incomederivative losses were $43 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 decreased by $252compared to gains of $30 million mainly due to lower alternative investment income, lower prepayments, lower assets due toin the Venerable Transaction, and lower incomeprior period primarily from seed capital investments (offset by hedging gains in derivatives) partially offset higher income from TIPS (offset in inflation related hedging losses) and GA optimization.
Fee-type revenue decreased by $218 million mainly due to lower fees in our Individual Retirement segment as a result of lower equity markets and fee-income ceded to Venerable partially offset by higher base fees, performance fees and distribution revenues in our Investment Management & Research segment primarily as a result of higher average AUM and higher premiums (offset in Policyholder’s Benefits) due to growth in Employee Benefits in our Protection Solutions segment.
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses increased by $103 million mainly due to higher portfolio servicing fees in our Investment Management and Research segment unfavorable COLI impacts anddriven by higher consulting expenses partially offset by lower fund expenseslosses from lower average assets due toeconomically hedging the Venerable Transaction.seed capital investments.
Amortization of DAC increased by $69$19 million mainly due to unfavorable markets during the second half of 2022 compared to favorable markets during first half of 2021 and one-time adjustments and refinements from the first half of 2021.
Commissions and distribution-related payments increased by $37 million mainly due to the growth in broker dealerIndividual Retirement segment from sales and Employee Benefits.momentum.
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These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Net derivative gainsinvestment income increased $610by $315 million from a $178 million loss in the prior period mainly due to equity markets depreciation (offset in Policyholders’ benefits) during the first half of 2022.higher assets, higher investment yields and higher income from seed capital investments, partially offset by lower alternative investment income and lower pre-payment income.
Earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interestCompensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses decreased by $19$51 million mainly due to lower general and administrative costs primarily relating to lower portfolio servicing fees in our Investment Management and Research segment and lower COLI expenses in Corporate and Other, partially offset by higher Employee Benefit variable expenses in our Protection Solutions segment and an increase in pension costs.
Commissions and distribution-related payments decreased by $43 million mainly due to lower payments to financial intermediaries for the distribution of AB Operating earningsmutual funds in our Investment Management and Research segment.
Remeasurement of Liability for Future Policy Benefits decreased by $32 million mainly due to unfavorable experience in prior period in our legacy assumed life insurance business.
Income tax expense decreased by $55$81 million mainly driven by lower pre-tax earnings partially offset by higherand a lower effective tax rate.rate in 2023.
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Results of Operations by Segment
As previously announced, effective January 1, 2023, our financial reporting presentation was revised to reflect the reorganization of the Company’s reportable segments to reflect how the Company’s chief operating decision maker now makes operating decisions and assesses performance. We now have six reportable segments. Prior period results have been revised in connection with updates to our reportable segments.
We manage our business through the following foursix segments: Individual Retirement, Group Retirement, Investment Management and Research, Protection Solutions, Wealth Management and Protection Solutions.Legacy. We report certain activities and items that are not included in our foursix segments in Corporate and Other. The following section presents our discussion of operating earnings (loss) by segment and AUM, AV and Protection Solutions Reserves by segment, as applicable. Consistent with U.S. GAAP guidance for segment reporting, operating earnings (loss) is our U.S. GAAP measure of segment performance. See Note 1417 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our segments.
The following table summarizes operating earnings (loss) on our segments and Corporate and Other for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)
Operating earnings (loss) by segment:Operating earnings (loss) by segment:Operating earnings (loss) by segment:
Individual RetirementIndividual Retirement$274 $414 $567 $777 Individual Retirement$234 $186 $434 $389 
Group RetirementGroup Retirement131 171 281 322 Group Retirement107 111 196 255 
Investment Management and ResearchInvestment Management and Research101 126 237 247 Investment Management and Research99 101 198 237 
Protection SolutionsProtection Solutions101 63 136 104 Protection Solutions24 110 (11)107 
Wealth ManagementWealth Management42 24 74 56 
LegacyLegacy45 57 105 120 
Corporate and OtherCorporate and Other(81)(16)(147)(92)Corporate and Other(110)(96)(191)(172)
Non-GAAP Operating EarningsNon-GAAP Operating Earnings$526 $758 $1,074 $1,358 Non-GAAP Operating Earnings$441 $493 $805 $992 
Effective Tax Rates by Segment
Income tax expense is calculated using the ETR and then allocated to our business segments using an 18%a 16% ETR for our retirement and protection businesses (Individual Retirement, Group Retirement, Protection Solutions and Protection Solutions)Legacy), a 24% ETR for Wealth Management and a 26%25% ETR for Investment Management and Research.
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Individual Retirement
The Individual Retirement segment includes our variable annuity products which primarily meet the needs of individuals saving for retirement or seeking retirement income.
The following table summarizes operating earnings of our Individual Retirement segment for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Operating earnings$274 $414 $567 $777 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Operating earnings$234 $186 $434 $389 


Key components of operating earnings are:
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Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)
REVENUESREVENUESREVENUES
Policy charges, fee income and premiumsPolicy charges, fee income and premiums$373 $496 $767 $1,018 Policy charges, fee income and premiums$165 $163 $328 $346 
Net investment incomeNet investment income288 351 585 676 Net investment income391 229 731 465 
Net derivative gains (losses)Net derivative gains (losses)210 (69)374 (128)Net derivative gains (losses)(5)(10)(10)(18)
Investment management, service fees and other incomeInvestment management, service fees and other income151 201 318 393 Investment management, service fees and other income96 89 186 185 
Segment revenuesSegment revenues$1,022 $979 $2,044 $1,959 Segment revenues$647 $471 $1,235 $978 
BENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS
Policyholders’ benefitsPolicyholders’ benefits$374 $163 $698 $369 Policyholders’ benefits$19 $13 $43 $31 
Remeasurement of liability for future policy benefitsRemeasurement of liability for future policy benefits(1)(1) (1)
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesInterest credited to policyholders’ account balances78 67 154 135 Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances160 66 289 126 
Commissions and distribution-related paymentsCommissions and distribution-related payments67 75 147 156 Commissions and distribution-related payments63 54 123 118 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costsAmortization of deferred policy acquisition costs86 73 183 151 Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs92 82 181 162 
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expensesCompensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses79 99 167 211 Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses43 30 90 71 
Interest expenseInterest expense —  — Interest expense —  — 
Segment benefits and other deductionsSegment benefits and other deductions$684 $477 $1,349 $1,022 Segment benefits and other deductions$376 $244 $726 $507 

The following table summarizes AV for our Individual Retirement segment as of the dates indicated:
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)(in millions)
AV (1)AV (1)AV (1)
General AccountGeneral Account$35,574 $37,698 General Account$45,304 $37,822 
Separate AccountsSeparate Accounts58,689 74,206 Separate Accounts38,589 36,455 
Total AVTotal AV$94,263 $111,904 Total AV$83,893 $74,277 
(1)AV presented are net of reinsurance.
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The following table summarizes a roll-forward of AV for our Individual Retirement segment for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Balance as of beginning of period$106,369 $120,780 $111,904 $117,390 
Gross premiums3,124 2,821 5,982 5,290 
Surrenders, withdrawals and benefits(2,490)(2,999)(5,296)(5,984)
Net flows (1)634 (178)686 (694)
Investment performance, interest credited and policy charges(12,740)4,703 (18,327)8,609 
Ceded to Venerable (2) (16,927) (16,927)
Other (3) 57  57 
Balance as of end of period$94,263 $108,435 $94,263 $108,435 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$78,800 $79,612 $74,277 $82,629 
Gross premiums3,675 3,057 6,546 5,858 
Surrenders, withdrawals and benefits(2,174)(1,891)(4,113)(4,027)
Net flows1,501 1,166 2,433 1,831 
Investment performance, interest credited and policy charges3,592 (9,027)7,176 (12,709)
Other (1) — 7 — 
Balance, end of period$83,893 $71,751 $83,893 $71,751 
______________

(1) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, net flows of $(266) million and $(582) million and investment performance, interest credited and policy charges of $(2,182) million and $(3,387) million, respectively, are excluded as these amounts are related to ceded AV to Venerable. Net flows of $(120) million and Investment performance, interest credited and policy charges of $148 million not included as it relates to the activity from June 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021 for the AV ceded to Venerable.
(2) Effective June 1, 2021, AV excludes activity related to ceded AV to Venerable. In addition, roll-forward reflects the AV ceded to Venerable as of the transaction date. For additional information on the Venerable Transaction see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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(3) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, amounts reflect AV transfer of a closed block of GMxB business from GR to IR. For the six months ended June 30, 2020,2023, amounts are primarily relatedreflect a total special payment applied to our fixed income annuity (“FIA”) contracts which werethe accounts of active clients during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as part of a previously reported as Policyholders’ account balances indisclosed settlement agreement between Equitable Financial and the consolidated balance sheets and therefore included in our definition of “Account Value”. Effective January 1, 2020, FIAs are reported as future policy benefits and other policyholders’ liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and accordingly were excluded from Account Value.SEC.
Three Months Ended June 30, 20222023 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 20212022 for the Individual Retirement Segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings decreased $140increased $48 million to $274$234 million during the three months ended June 30, 20222023 from $414$186 million in the three months ended June 30, 2021. 2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in operating earnings:
UnfavorableFavorable items included:
Net investment income increased by $162 million mainly due to higher SCS asset balances and higher investment yields partially offset by lower income from alternative investments.
Fee-type revenue decreasedincreased by $139$9 million due to lower average Separate Accounts AV as a result of lower equity markets and the impact of AV ceded to Venerable, partially offset by commission reimbursementsmarket performance in Other Income.second quarter 2022.
Net investment income decreasedderivative gains (losses) increased by $63$5 million mainly due to lower alternative investment income, lower prepayments and lower assets due to the Venerable Transactionincreased losses from TIPS hedging offset in Net Investment income.
These were partially offset by GA optimization.
Amortization of DAC increased by $13 million mainly due to poor equity performance in second quarter 2022 versus positive equity performance in second quarter 2021.the following unfavorable items:
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances increased by $11$94 million mainly due to the growth of SCS AV.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Net GMxB results increased by $28 million primarily due to improved GMxB margin from the Venerable Transaction, which mitigated the higher claims in 2022. GMxB results are included in policy charges and fee income, net derivative gains (losses), and policyholders’ benefits.
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses decreasedincreased by $20$13 million primarily due to lower fund expenseshigher performance shares driven by higher equity and restricted stock expense.
Amortization of DAC increased by $10 million mainly driven by growth in the business from lower average assets due to the Venerable Transaction and overall total company expense efficiency.sales momentum.
Commissions and distribution-related payments decreasedincreased by $8$9 million mainly due to lower average asset balances, gross of Venerable.higher annuitizations, offset by higher premiums.
Income tax expense decreased by $24$4 million mainly driven by lower pre-tax earnings, partially offset by a higherlower effective tax rate.rate in 2023.
Net Flows and AV
Total AV as of June 30, 20222023 was $94.3$83.9 billion, down $12.1an increase of $5.1 billion, compared to March 31, 2022.2023. The declineincrease in AV was primarily due to a $12.7$3.6 billion decreaseincrease in equity markets partially offset by $634 millionas well as $1.5 billion in net inflows.
Net inflows of $634 million$1.5 billion were $812$335 million higher than in the three months ended June 30, 2021,2022, mainly driven by $532 million of outflows on our older fixed-rate GMxB block, partially offset by $1.2$2.1 billion of inflows on our newer, less capital-intensive products.
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Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 20212022 for the Individual Retirement Segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings decreased $210increased $45 million to $567$434 million during the six months ended June 30, 20222023 from $777$389 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021.2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in operating earnings:
Favorable items included:

Net investment income increased by $266 million mainly due to higher SCS asset balances and higher yields, partially offset by lower income on alternative investments and lower pre-payment income.
Unfavorable items included:These were partially offset by the following unfavorable items:
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances increased by $163 million mainly due to growth of SCS AV.
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses increased by $19 million primarily due to an increase in pension costs resulting from the higher interest rate environment.
Amortization of DAC increased by $19 million mainly due to growth in the business from sales momentum.
Fee-type revenue decreased by $245$17 million mainly due to lower average Separate Accounts AV as a result of lower equity markets and the impact of AV ceded to Venerable, partially offset by commission reimbursementsmarket performance in Other Income.2022.
Net investment income decreased by $91 million mainly due to lower income due to the Venerable Transaction, partially offset by higher SCS asset balances and GA optimization.
Amortization of DAC increased by $32 million mainly due to unfavorable markets in 2022 compared with favorable markets in 2021.
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances increased by $19 million mainly due to the growth of SCS AV.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Net GMxB results increased $89 million primarily due to improved GMxB margin from the Venerable Transaction, which mitigated the higher claims in 2022. GMxB results are included in policy charges and fee income, net derivative gains (losses), and policyholders’ benefits.
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses decreased by $44 million primarily due to lower fund expenses from lower average assets due to the Venerable Transaction and overall total company expense efficiency.
Commissions and distribution-related payments decreased by $9 million mainly due to lower AV due to first half of 2022 equity performance
Income tax expense decreased by $32$7 million mainly driven by lower pre-tax earnings partially offset by a higherlower effective tax rate in the first half of 2022.2023.
Net Flows and AV
The declineincrease in AV of $17.6$9.6 billion in the six months ended June 30, 20222023 was driven by a decreasean increase in investments performance and interest credited to account balances, net of policy charges of $18.3 billion as a result of equity market depreciationappreciation, of $7.2 billion in 2022, partially offset bythe first six months of 2023, as well as net inflows of $686 million.$2.4 billion.
Net inflows of $686$2.4 billion were $602 million were $1.4 billion higher than in the six months ended June 30, 2021,2022, mainly driven by $1.1 billionhigher sales in the first six months of outflows on our older fixed-rate GMxB block, partially offset by $1.8 billion2023 as compared to the first six months of inflows on our newer, less capital-intensive products.2022.
Group Retirement
The Group Retirement segment offers tax-deferred investment and retirement services or products to plans sponsored by educational entities, municipalities and not-for-profit entities, as well as small and medium-sized businesses.
The following table summarizes operating earnings of our Group Retirement segment for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Operating earnings$131 $171 $281 $322 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Operating earnings$107 $111 $196 $255 
Key components of operating earnings are:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
REVENUES
Policy charges, fee income and premiums$66 $83 $130 $177 
Net investment income132 163 244 343 
Net derivative (losses) gains (9)(1)(14)
Investment management, service fees and other income69 61 131 127 
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Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)
REVENUES
Policy charges, fee income and premiums$83 $91 $177 $177 
Net investment income163 195 343 375 
Net derivative (losses) gains(7)(5)(12)(5)
Investment management, service fees and other income62 65 127 128 
Segment revenuesSegment revenues$301 $346 $635 $675 Segment revenues$267 $298 $504 $633 
BENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS
Policyholders’ benefitsPolicyholders’ benefits$ $— $ $— Policyholders’ benefits$ $— $ $— 
Remeasurement of liability for future policy benefitsRemeasurement of liability for future policy benefits —  — 
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesInterest credited to policyholders’ account balances72 75 150 150 Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances52 72 102 150 
Commissions and distribution-related paymentsCommissions and distribution-related payments16 16 31 29 Commissions and distribution-related payments47 42 84 84 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costsAmortization of deferred policy acquisition costs7 23 13 Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs15 15 30 30 
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expensesCompensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses45 40 87 95 Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses29 32 58 60 
Interest expenseInterest expense —  — Interest expense —  — 
Segment benefits and other deductionsSegment benefits and other deductions$140 $139 $291 $287 Segment benefits and other deductions$143 $161 $274 $324 
The following table summarizes AV and AUA for our Group Retirement segment as of the dates indicated:
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)(in millions)
AV and AUAAV and AUAAV and AUA
General AccountGeneral Account$13,240 $13,046 General Account$9,101 $9,175 
Separate Accounts and Mutual Funds (1)Separate Accounts and Mutual Funds (1)27,927 34,763 Separate Accounts and Mutual Funds (1)25,884 22,830 
Total AV and AUA(2)Total AV and AUA(2)$41,167 $47,809 Total AV and AUA(2)$34,985 $32,005 
____________
(1)    Prior period amounts related to Separate Account AV and Mutual Funds AUA were revised to include Mutual Fund AUA. The impactpresented are net of the revision to December 31, 2021 total AV and AUA was $457 million.

reinsurance.
The following table summarizes a roll-forward of AV and AUA for our Group Retirement segment for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021 (1)20222021 (1)2023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)
Balance as of beginning of period$46,035 $44,274 $47,809 $42,756 
Balance, beginning of periodBalance, beginning of period$33,567 $46,035 $32,005 $47,809 
Gross premiumsGross premiums1,133 980 2,635 1,912 Gross premiums993 1,133 1,891 2,635 
Surrenders, withdrawals and benefitsSurrenders, withdrawals and benefits(989)(879)(1,968)(1,847)Surrenders, withdrawals and benefits(1,059)(989)(1,927)(1,968)
Net flows(1)Net flows(1)144 101 667 65 Net flows(1)(66)144 (36)667 
Investment performance, interest credited and policy charges(1)Investment performance, interest credited and policy charges(1)(5,012)1,981 (7,309)3,535 Investment performance, interest credited and policy charges(1)1,484 (5,012)2,986 (7,309)
Other (2)Other (2) (57) (57)Other (2) — 30 — 
Balance as of end of period$41,167 $46,299 $41,167 $46,299 
Balance, end of periodBalance, end of period$34,985 $41,167 $34,985 $41,167 
____________
(1)Prior period amounts related to the AV and AUA roll-forward were updated to include Mutual Fund AUA. The impact of the revision to the beginning balance of the three months and six months ended June 30, 2021was $297 million. Net Flows, investment performance, interest credited and policy charges revision impact for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 were $33 million, $19 million, $48 million and $31 million, respectively.
(2)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021,2023, net outflows of $140 million and $320 million and investment performance, interest credited and policy charges of $349 million and $749 million, respectively, are excluded as these amounts are related to ceded AV to Global Atlantic.
(2)     For the six months ended June 30, 2023, amounts reflect AV transfera total special payment applied to the accounts of GMxB closed block business from GR to IR.active clients as part of a previously disclosed settlement agreement between Equitable Financial and the SEC.
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Three Months Ended June 30, 20222023 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 20212022 for the Group Retirement Segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings decreased by $4 million to $107 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $111 million in the three months ended June 30, 2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in operating earnings:
Unfavorable items included:
Net investment income decreased by $31 million due to lower assets from the Global Atlantic Transaction and lower alternative investment income, partially offset by higher investment yields.
Fee-type revenue decreased by $9 million primarily due to ceded assets from the Global Atlantic Transaction.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances decreased by $20 million mainly due to the portion of policies ceded from the Global Atlantic Transaction.
Net derivative losses decreased by $9 million due to lower losses from TIPS hedging, offset in net investment income.
Income tax expense decreased by $9 million mainly driven by lower pre-tax earnings and a lower effective tax rate in 2023.
See “—Significant Factors Impacting Our Results—Effect of Assumption Updates on Operating Results” for more information regarding assumption updates.
Net Flows and AV
The increase in AV of $1.4 billion in the three months ended June 30, 2023 was driven by equity market performance, slightly offset by net outflows of $66 million.
Net outflows of $66 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 decreased by $210 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, driven by higher surrender activity, partially offset by higher gross premiums in our tax-exempt and corporate markets.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 for the Group Retirement Segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings decreased by $40$59 million to $131$196 million during the threesix months ended June 30, 20222023 from $171$255 million induring the threesix months ended June 30, 2021.2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in operating earnings:
Unfavorable items included:
Net investment income decreased by $32$99 million due to lower assets from the Global Atlantic Transaction, lower alternative investment income, and lower prepaymentspre-payment income, partially offset by higher income from TIPS (offset in inflation related hedging losses) and GA optimization.investment yields.
Fee-type revenue decreased by $11$43 million primarily due to lower average Separate AccountsAccount AV driven by equityfrom market depreciation.depreciation and ceded assets from the Global Atlantic Transaction.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances decreased by $48 million mainly due to the portion of policies ceded from the Global Atlantic Transaction.
Net derivative losses decreased by $13 million due to lower losses from TIPS hedging, offset in net investment income.
Income tax expense decreased by $6$20 million driven by lower pre-tax earnings partially offset byand a higherlower effective tax rate.rate in 2023.
See “—Significant Factors Impacting Our Results—Effect
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Net Flows and AV
The decreaseincrease in AV of $4,868 million$3.0 billion in the threesix months ended June 30, 2023 was driven by equity market performance, slightly offset by net outflows of $36 million.
Net outflows of $36 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 decreased $703 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, was driven by equity markets performancea large lump sum premium in our institutional market in 2022 and higher surrender activity in our tax-exempt market in 2023, partially offset by net inflows of $144 million.
Net inflows of $144 million increased by $43 million, due to higher gross premiums, lower outflowssales in our tax-exempt and corporate markets offset by higher outflows in our institutional market.2023.
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Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 for the Group Retirement Segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings decreased by $41 million to $281 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 from $322 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in operating earnings:
Unfavorable items included:
Net investment income decreased by $32 million due to lower alternative investment income , lower prepayments partially offset higher income from TIPS (offset in inflation related hedging losses) and GA optimization.
Amortization of DAC increased by $10 million mainly due to a one-time positive adjustment during the first half 2021.
Net derivative losses increased by $7 million due to inflation related hedging loss offset on TIPS in the General Account.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses decreased by $8 million mainly due to higher legal reserves partially offset by lower sub-advisory fees.
Income tax expense decreased by $3 million mainly driven by lower pre-tax earnings, partially offset by a higher effective tax rate..
Net Flows and AV
The decrease in AV of $6.6 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2022 was primarily due to market depreciation, partially offset by net inflows of $667 million.
Net inflows of $667 million increased by $602 million compared to 2021, driven by positive net inflows reflecting strong sales and client engagement, partially offset by higher outflows.
Investment Management and Research
The Investment Management and Research segment provides diversified investment management, research and related services to a broad range of clients around the world. Operating earnings (loss), net of tax, presented here represents our average economic interest in AB of approximately 61% and 65% during the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021, respectively. On July 1, 2022, AB Holding and ABLP completed the acquisition of acquired 100% of the equity interests of CarVal Investors, L.P. (“Carval”). In connection with the acquisition, AB Holding issued a total of 3,194,784 AB Holding Units. The issuance of additional AB Holding Units is contingent upon achievement of management fee hurdles by CarVal and its subsidiaries over a six year period. This The issuance of the AB Holding Units will not significantly change in AB.2022.
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Operating earnings$101 $126 $237 $247 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Operating earnings$99 $101 $198 $237 

Key components of operating earnings are:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
REVENUES
Net investment income$(26)$12 $(49)$12 
Net derivative gains (losses)22 (11)42 (9)
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Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)
REVENUESREVENUES
Net investment income (loss)Net investment income (loss)$2 $(26)$11 $(49)
Net derivative gains (losses)Net derivative gains (losses)(1)22 (11)42 
Investment management, service fees and other incomeInvestment management, service fees and other income1,007 1,071 2,145 2,073 Investment management, service fees and other income999 1,007 2,009 2,145 
Segment revenuesSegment revenues$1,003 $1,072 $2,138 $2,076 Segment revenues$1,000 $1,003 $2,009 $2,138 
BENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS
Commissions and distribution related paymentsCommissions and distribution related payments$159 $168 $335 $330 Commissions and distribution related payments$150 $159 $298 $335 
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expensesCompensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses619 629 1,294 1,209 Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses633 619 1,256 1,294 
Interest expenseInterest expense4 — 4 Interest expense14 28 
Segment benefits and other deductionsSegment benefits and other deductions$782 $797 $1,633 $1,540 Segment benefits and other deductions$797 $782 $1,582 $1,633 


Changes in AUM in the Investment Management and Research segment for the periods presented were as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
 (in billions)
Balance as of beginning of period$735.4 $697.2 $778.6 $685.9 
Long-term flows
Sales/new accounts23.9 45.0 64.8 78.4 
Redemptions/terminations(22.6)(32.4)(47.2)(56.6)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends(4.0)(6.4)(8.9)(10.3)
Net long-term inflows (outflows) (2)(2.7)6.2 8.7 11.5 
Adjustments (1)(0.4)— (0.4)— 
Market appreciation (depreciation)(85.5)35.0 (140.1)41.0 
Net change(88.6)41.2 (131.8)52.5 
Balance as of end of period$646.8 $738.4 $646.8 $738.4 
__________
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
 (in billions)
Balance, beginning of period$675.9 $735.4 $646.4 $778.6 
Long-term flows
Sales/new accounts22.4 23.9 48.0 64.8 
Redemptions/terminations(23.1)(22.6)(43.7)(47.2)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends(3.3)(4.0)(7.5)(8.9)
Net long-term (outflows) inflows(4.0)(2.7)(3.2)8.7 
Adjustments (0.4) (0.4)
Market appreciation (depreciation)19.6 (85.5)48.3 (140.1)
Net change15.6 (88.6)45.1 (131.8)
Balance, end of period$691.5 $646.8 $691.5 $646.8 
(1)Approximately $0.4 billion of Institutional AUM was removed from AB total assets under management during the second quarter 2022 due to a change in the fee structure.
(2)Institutional net flows include $0.6 billion of AXA's redemptions of certain low-fee fixed income mandates for the three-month and six month periods ended June 30, 2022.
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Average AUM in the Investment Management and Research segment for the periods presented by distribution channel and investment services were as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
(in billions)
Distribution Channel:
Institutions$307.5 $324.9 $318.7 $319.7 
Retail270.6 284.3 285.1 276.7 
Private Wealth110.5 113.4 113.9 110.3 
Total$688.6 $722.6 $717.7 $706.7 
Investment Service:
Equity Actively Managed$243.1 $246.6 $255.6 $235.4 
Equity Passively Managed (1)60.8 68.5 63.8 66.6 
Fixed Income Actively Managed – Taxable212.4 253.2 224.1 255.7 
Fixed Income Actively Managed – Tax-exempt54.2 52.9 55.2 52.1 
Fixed Income Passively Managed (1)12.3 8.7 12.6 8.5 
Alternatives/Multi-Asset Solutions (2)105.8 92.7 106.4 88.4 
Total$688.6 $722.6 $717.7 $706.7 
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 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2023202220232022
(in billions)
Distribution Channel:
Institutions$305.1 $307.5 $304.6 $318.7 
Retail259.9 270.6 255.9 285.1 
Private Wealth113.4 110.5 111.6 113.9 
Total$678.4 $688.6 $672.1 $717.7 
Investment Service:
Equity Actively Managed$230.3 $243.1 $228.4 $255.6 
Equity Passively Managed (1)57.7 60.8 56.8 63.8 
Fixed Income Actively Managed – Taxable199.4 212.4 197.2 224.1 
Fixed Income Actively Managed – Tax-exempt55.5 54.2 54.8 55.2 
Fixed Income Passively Managed (1)9.5 12.3 9.5 12.6 
Alternatives/Multi-Asset Solutions (2)126.0 105.8 125.4 106.4 
Total$678.4 $688.6 $672.1 $717.7 
____________
(1)Includes index and enhanced index services.
(2)Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services not included in equity of fixed income services.
Three Months Ended June 30, 20222023 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 20212022 for the Investment Management and Research Segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings decreased $25$2 million to $99 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $101 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022 from $126 million during the three months ended June 30, 2021.2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in operating earnings:
Unfavorable items included:
Compensation, benefits, interest expense and other operating costs increased by $24 million mainly due to higher compensation and benefits and higher interest expense related to higher interest and average borrowings.
Fee-type revenue decreased by $64$8 million primarily due to lower investment advisory base fees and performance based fees. Lower investment advisory base fees wereBernstein Research Services due related to a decline in customer trading activity, lower distribution revenue driven by lower average AUM due to net outflows and market depreciation. Lower performance based fees were primarily driven by lower performance fees on AB’s U.S. Select Equity and Private Credit Fund,overall portfolio fee rates, partially offset by higher performance feesother income from higher interest earned on AB’s U.S. Real Estate Funds.
Netcustomer margin balances and increased investment income, net of derivative gains, was unfavorable by $5 million. Net investment income decreased $38 million mainly dueadvisory fees related to losses on the seed capital investments subject to market risk, partiallyhigher overall portfolio fee rates offset by an increase in Net derivative gains of $33 million mainly due to gains from economically hedging seed capital investments.lower average AUM.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:items included:
Commissions and distribution-related payments decreased by $9 million mainly due to lower payments to financial intermediaries for the distribution of AB mutual funds,funds.
Net investment income, net of Net derivative losses, was favorable by $5 million. Net investment income increased $28 million mainly due to higher gains on the seed capital investments subject to market risk; partially offset by a decrease of $23 million in Net derivative losses mainly due to losses in economically hedging seed capital investments.
Income tax expense decreased by $16 million primarily resultingdue to lower pre-tax earnings and a lower effective tax rate in 2023.
Long-Term Net Flows and AUM
Total AUM as of June 30, 2023 was $691.5 billion, up $15.6 billion or 2.3%, compared to March 31, 2023. During the second quarter 2023, AUM increased as a result of market appreciation of $19.6 billion offset by net outflows of $4.0
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billion. Net outflows were due to Institutions net outflows of $3.2 billion, Retail net outflows of $0.7 billion and Private Wealth net outflows of $0.1 billion.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 for the Investment Management and Research Segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings decreased $39 million to $198 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $237 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in operating earnings:
Unfavorable items included:
Fee-type revenue decreased by $136 million primarily due to lower investment advisory base fees driven by lower average AUM partially offset by higher portfolio fee rates, lower distribution revenues driven by lower average AUM and lower overall portfolio fee rates, lower Bernstein Research Services revenue driven by a decline in customer trading activity and lower Performance based fees due to a decline in fees earned on AB’s U.S. Real Estate Funds, partially offset by higher performance fees earned on AB’s Global Opportunistic Credit Fund and Private Credit Fund.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Commissions and distribution-related payments decreased by $37 million mainly due to lower payments to financial intermediaries for the distribution of theseAB mutual funds.
Compensation, benefits, interest expense and other operating costs decreased by $6$14 million mainly due to lower incentive compensation.general and administrative expenses related to lower portfolio servicing fees partially offset by higher interest expense related to higher interest and average borrowings.
Net investment income, net of Net of derivative losses, was favorable by $7 million. Net investment income increased by $60 million mainly due to higher gains on the seed capital investments subject to market risk, partially offset by a decrease in Net derivative losses of $53 million mainly due to losses in economically hedging the seed capital investments.
Earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest decreased by $20$13 million due to lower pre-tax earnings.
Income tax expense decreased by $9$26 million primarily due to lower pre-tax earnings partially offset byand a higherlower effective tax rate.
Long-Term Net Flows and AUM
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Total AUM as of June 30, 2022 was $646.8 billion, down $88.6 billion, or 12.0%, compared to March 31, 2022. During the second quarter of 2022, AUM decreased primarily as a result of market depreciation of $85.5 billion and net outflows of $2.7 billion, due to Retail net outflows of $2.2 billion and Private Wealth net outflows of $1.2 billion partially offset by Institution net inflows of $0.7 billion. Excluding AXA redemptions of low-fee fixed income mandates of $0.6 billion, AB generated net outflows of $2.1 billionrate in the second quarter 2022.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 for the Investment Management and Research Segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings decreased $10 million to $237 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 from $247 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in operating earnings:
Unfavorable items included:
Compensation, benefits, interest expense and other operating costs increased by $88 million mainly due to higher general and administrative costs, primarily relating to higher portfolio servicing fees.
Commissions and distribution-related payments increased by $5 million mainly due to higher payments to financial intermediaries for the distribution of AB mutual funds, primarily resulting from increased average AUM of these mutual funds.
Net investment income, net of derivative gains, was unfavorable by $10 million. Net investment income decreased by $61 million mainly due to higher losses on the seed capital investments subject to market risk, offset by an increase in Net derivative gains of $51 million mainly due to higher gains from economically hedging the seed capital investments.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Fee-type revenue increased by $72 million primarily due to higher investment advisory base fees, performance based fees and distribution revenue. The increase in investment advisory base fees is primarily driven by higher average AUM. The increase in performance based fees is primarily due to higher performance fees earned on AB’s U.S. Real Estate Funds, partially offset by lower performance fees earned on AB’s U.S. Select Equity and Private Credit Fund. The increase in distribution revenue is primarily due to an increase in overall portfolio fee rate, partially offset by a decrease in the corresponding average AUM of these mutual funds.
Earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest decreased by $14 million due to lower pre-tax earnings.
Income tax expense decreased by $7 million due to lower pre-tax earnings.2023.
Long-Term Net Flows and AUM
Total AUM as of June 30, 20222023 was $646.8$691.5 billion,, down$131.8 up $45.1 billion,, or 16.9%7.0%, compared to December 31, 2021, and down $91.6 billion, or 12.4%, compared to June 30, 2021. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, AUM decreased primarily2022. The increase as a result of market depreciationappreciation of $140.1$48.3 billion offset by net outflows of $3.2 billion. Institutions net outflows of $5.9 billion were partially offset by Private Wealth and Retail net inflows of $8.7 billion. During the twelve months ended June 30, 2022, AUM decreased primarily as a result of market depreciation of $114.6 billion partially offset by net inflows of $23.4 billion. Excluding AXA redemptions of low-fee fixed income mandates of $0.6 billion, AB generated net inflows of $9.3$1.8 billion and $24.0 billion during the six and twelve month periods ended June 30, 2022.
During the six months ended June 30, 2022, Institutional and Private Wealth net inflows were $10.9 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, offset by Retail net outflows of $3.3 billion. During the twelve months ended June 30, 2022, Institutional, Retail and Private Wealth net inflows were $11.5 billion, $9.7 billion and $2.2$0.9 billion, respectively.
AB expects approximately $4 billion of additional AXA-related redemptions of low-fee AUM in the second half of 2022.
Protection Solutions
The Protection Solutions segment includes our life insurance and employee benefits businesses. We provide a targeted range of products aimed at serving the financial needs of our clients throughout their lives, including VUL, IUL and term life products. In 2015, we entered the employee benefits market and currently offer a suite of dental, vision, life, as well as short- and long-term disability insurance products to small and medium-size businesses.
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In recent years, we have refocused our product offering and distribution towards less capital intensive, higher return accumulation and protection products. For example, in January 2021, we discontinued offering our most interest sensitive IUL product. We plan to improve our operating earnings over time through earnings generated from sales of our repositioned product portfolio and by proactively managing and optimizing our in-force book.
The following table summarizes operating earnings (loss) of our Protection Solutions segment for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Operating earnings (loss)$101 $63 $136 $104 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Operating earnings (loss)$24 $110 $(11)$107 
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Key components of operating earnings (loss) are:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
(in millions)(in millions)
REVENUESREVENUESREVENUES
Policy charges, fee income and premiumsPolicy charges, fee income and premiums$525 $507 $1,039 $1,011 Policy charges, fee income and premiums$524 $505 $1,044 $1,005 
Net investment incomeNet investment income252 271 524 533 Net investment income242 252 459 524 
Net derivative (losses) gainsNet derivative (losses) gains(5)(10)(5)(11)Net derivative (losses) gains(16)(5)(18)(5)
Investment management, service fees and other incomeInvestment management, service fees and other income64 64 129 125 Investment management, service fees and other income34 37 66 74 
Segment revenuesSegment revenues$836 $832 $1,687 $1,658 Segment revenues$784 $789 $1,551 $1,598 
BENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONSBENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS
Policyholders’ benefitsPolicyholders’ benefits$429 $469 $950 $978 Policyholders’ benefits$484 $396 $1,019 $946 
Remeasurement of liability for future policy benefitsRemeasurement of liability for future policy benefits(2)4 13 
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balancesInterest credited to policyholders’ account balances122 134 250 257 Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances130 122 255 250 
Commissions and distribution related paymentsCommissions and distribution related payments45 42 86 76 Commissions and distribution related payments36 34 70 68 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costsAmortization of deferred policy acquisition costs29 33 64 59 Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs30 29 59 58 
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expensesCompensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses86 78 170 163 Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses77 70 157 133 
Interest expenseInterest expense —  — Interest expense —  — 
Segment benefits and other deductionsSegment benefits and other deductions$711 $756 $1,520 $1,533 Segment benefits and other deductions$755 $656 $1,564 $1,468 
The following table summarizes Protection Solutions Reserves for our Protection Solutions segment as of the dates presented:
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)(in millions)
Protection Solutions Reserves (1)Protection Solutions Reserves (1)Protection Solutions Reserves (1)
General AccountGeneral Account$18,241 $18,625 General Account$18,071 $18,237 
Separate AccountsSeparate Accounts13,524 17,012 Separate Accounts15,401 13,634 
Total Protection Solutions ReservesTotal Protection Solutions Reserves$31,765 $35,637 Total Protection Solutions Reserves$33,472 $31,871 
_______________
(1)Does not include Protection Solutions Reserves for our employee benefits business as it is a start-upscaling business and therefore has immaterial in-force policies.
The following table presents our in-force face amounts for the periods indicated, respectively, for our individual life insurance products:
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June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in billions)(in billions)
In-force face amount by product: (1)In-force face amount by product: (1)In-force face amount by product: (1)
Universal Life (2)Universal Life (2)$44.4 $45.9 Universal Life (2)$42.0 $43.1 
Indexed Universal LifeIndexed Universal Life27.7 27.9 Indexed Universal Life27.2 27.5 
Variable Universal Life (3)Variable Universal Life (3)132.6 132.8 Variable Universal Life (3)134.8 133.4 
TermTerm214.7 215.4 Term209.6 211.9 
Whole LifeWhole Life1.2 1.2 Whole Life1.1 1.1 
Total in-force face amountTotal in-force face amount$420.6 $423.2 Total in-force face amount$414.7 $417.0 
_______________
(1)Includes individual life insurance and does not include employee benefits as it is a start-upscaling business and therefore has immaterial in-force policies.
(2)UL includes GUL.
(3)VUL includes VL and COLI.
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Three Months Ended June 30, 20222023 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 20212022 for the Protection Solutions Segment
Operating earnings (loss)
Operating earnings decreased by $86 million to $24 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $110 million in the three months ended June 30, 2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in operating earnings:
Unfavorable items included:
Policyholders’ benefits increased by $88 million mainly due to higher net mortality.
Net derivative losses increased by $11 million mainly due to higher losses from TIPS hedging, offset in Net investment income.
Net investment income decreased by $10 million mainly due to lower alternative investment income partially offset by higher investment yields.
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses increased by $7 million mainly due to higher Employee Benefits variable expenses.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Fee-type revenue increased by $16 million mainly driven by Employee Benefits premium growth.
Income tax expense decreased by $18 million primarily due to lower pre-tax earnings, as well as a lower effective tax rate in 2023.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 for the Protection Solutions Segment
Operating earnings (loss)
Operating loss increased $118 million to $11 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 from operating income of $107 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in the operating loss:
Unfavorable items included:
Policyholders’ benefits increased by $73 million mainly due to higher net mortality.
Net investment income decreased by $65 million mainly due to lower alternative investment income, and lower pre-payment income partially offset by higher investment yields.
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses increased by $24 million mainly due to higher Employee Benefits variable expenses.
Net derivative losses increased by $13 million mainly due to higher losses from TIPS hedging, offset in Net investment income.
These were partially offset by the following favorable items:
Fee-type revenue increased by $31 million mainly driven by higher premiums due to growth in Employee Benefits.
Income tax expense decreased by $25 million primarily due to a higher pre-tax loss and a lower effective tax rate in 2023.
Wealth Management
The Wealth Management segment is an emerging leader in the wealth management space with a differentiated advice value proposition that offers discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory accounts, financial planning and advice, insurance, and annuity products. In 2023, we began reporting this business separately from our other segments and Corporate and Other.
The following table summarizes operating earnings of our Wealth Management segment for the periods presented:
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Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Operating earnings$42 $24 $74 $56 


Key components of operating earnings are:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
REVENUES
Net investment income$3 $— $5 $— 
Net derivative gains (losses) —  — 
Investment management, service fees and other income388 368 748 744 
Segment revenues$391 $368 $753 $744 
BENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS
Commissions and distribution-related payments$243 $245 $471 $484 
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses94 91 185 184 
Interest expense —  — 
Segment benefits and other deductions$337 $336 $656 $668 


The following table summarizes a revenue by activity type for our Wealth Management segment for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Revenue by Activity Type
Investment management, service fees and other income :
Investment management and advisory fees$134 $135 $261 $274 
Distribution fees239 227 456 461 
Interest Income13 24 
Service and Other income3 7 
Total Investment management, service fees and other income$388 $369 $748 $744 
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The following table summarizes a roll-forward of AUA roll-forward for our Wealth Management segment for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Total Wealth Management Assets
Beginning, beginning of period75,640 $78,873 $72,406 $82,794 
Net Flows1,345 1,161 2,7632,806
Market appreciation (depreciation) and other3,436 (9,623)5,252(15,189)
Balance, end of period$80,421 $70,411 $80,421 $70,411 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 for the Wealth Management Segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings increased by $38$18 million to $101$42 million during the three months ended June 30, 20222023 from $63$24 million in the three months ended June 30, 2021.2022. The following were notable changes:
Favorable items included:
Fee-type revenue increased by $20 million primarily due to higher distribution fees from higher retirement sales in addition to interest income from sweep accounts.
Net investment income increased by $3 million mainly due to higher interest rates.
These were partially offset by the following unfavorable items:
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses increased by $3 million mainly due to higher compensation and benefits.
Income tax expense increased by $4 million primarily due to higher pre-tax earnings.
Net Flows and AV
The increase in AUA of $4.8 billion in the three months ended June 30, 2023 was driven by equity market appreciation in 2023 of $3.4 billion as well as net inflows of $1.3 billion.
Net inflows of $1.3 billion were $184 million higher than in the three months ended June 30, 2022 mainly driven by increased sales.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 for the Wealth Management Segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings increased $18 million to $74 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $56 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022. The following were notable changes:
Favorable items included:
Commissions and distribution-related payments decreased by $13 million mainly due to lower advisory assets.
Net investment income increased by $5 million mainly due to higher interest rates.
Investment management, service fees and other income increased by $4 million mainly due to higher interest income from sweep accounts, partially offset by $7 million from lower investment management and distribution fees attributed to lower advisory assets and lower retirement sales.
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These were partially offset by the following unfavorable items:
Income tax expense increased by $3 million primarily due to higher pre-tax earnings.
Net Flows and AV
The increase in AUA of $8.0 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2023 was driven by $5.3 billion as a result of equity market appreciation in 2023 and net inflows of $2.8 billion.
Net inflows of $2.8 billion were $43 million lower than in the six months ended June 30, 2022 mainly driven by decreased sales.
Legacy
The Legacy segment consists of our capital intensive fixed-rate GMxB business written prior to 2011. In 2023, we began reporting this business separately from our Individual Retirement business.
The following table summarizes operating earnings of our Legacy segment for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Operating earnings$45 $57 $105 $120 


Key components of operating earnings are:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
REVENUES
Policy charges, fee income and premiums$44 $37 $78 $72 
Net investment income60 59 126 120 
Investment management, service fees and other income99 103 205 222 
Segment revenues$203 $199 $409 $414 
BENEFITS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS
Policyholders’ benefits$61 $38 $107 $74 
Remeasurement of liability for future policy benefits  
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances12 13 24 25 
Commissions and distribution-related payments43 47 86 102 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs16 17 32 33 
Compensation, benefits and other operating costs and expenses19 14 37 33 
Interest expense —  — 
Segment benefits and other deductions$151 $130 $286 $269 
The following table summarizes AV for our Legacy segment as of the dates indicated:
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)
AV (1)
General Account$887 $925 
Separate Accounts21,485 20,557 
Total AV$22,372 $21,482 
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_______________
(1)AV presented are net of reinsurance.
The following table summarizes a roll-forward of AV for our Legacy segment for the periods presented:

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Balance, beginning of period$22,020 $26,758 $21,482 $29,275 
Gross premiums54 66 126 123 
Surrenders, withdrawals and benefits(623)(597)(1,218)(1,267)
Net flows(569)(531)(1,092)(1,144)
Investment performance, interest credited and policy charges921 (3,714)1,982 (5,618)
Balance, end of period$22,372 $22,513 $22,372 $22,513 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 for the Legacy segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings decreased $12 million to $45 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $57 million in the three months ended June 30, 2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in operating earnings:
FavorableUnfavorable items included:
Policyholders’ benefits decreasedincreased by $40$23 million mainly due to lower mortality and lower accrual of PFBL reserves,higher GMIB annuitizations, partially offset by the unfavorable Employee Benefits’ claims and the increase in reserves due to strong business growth (offsethigher premiums in Fee-type revenue).
Fee-type revenue increased by $18 million mainly driven by higher premiums due to growth in Employee Benefits business.
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances decreased by $12 million mainly due to market value adjustments on our IUL products.revenue.
These were partially offset by the following unfavorablefavorable items:
Net investment income decreasedFee-type revenue increased by $19$3 million mainly driven by higher premiums from the GMIB annuitizations, mostly offset by a decline in separate account fees due to lower alternative investment income, lower prepayments, partially offset by higher incomeaverage Separate Accounts values from TIPS (offset in inflation related hedging losses)equity market declines and GA optimization.outflows.
Income tax expense increaseddecreased by $11$5 million primarily due to lower pretax earnings and a lower effective tax rate in 2023.
Net Flows and AV
The increase in AV of $352 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 was driven by an increase in investments performance as a result of equity market appreciation in 2023, partially offset by net outflows of $569 million.
Net outflows of $569 million were $38 million higher pre-tax earnings.than in the three months ended June 30, 2022, mainly driven by continuing runoff of the business.
Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 20212022 for the Protection Solutions SegmentLegacy segment
Operating earnings
Operating earnings increased $32decreased $15 million to $136$105 million duringduring the sixthree months ended June 30, 20222023 from $104$120 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021.2022. The following notable items were the primary drivers of the change in operating earnings:
FavorableUnfavorable items included:
Policyholders’ benefits increased by $33 million mainly due to higher benefits from GMIB annuitizations, partially offset by higher premiums in Fee-type revenue.
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Fee-type revenue increaseddecreased by $32$11 million mainly driven by lower average Separate Accounts AV as a result of lower equity markets and net outflows, partially offset by higher premiums due to growth in Employee Benefits (offset in Policyholders’ benefits).
Policyholders’ benefits decreased by $28 million mainly due to lower mortality and lower accrual of PFBL reserves, offset by unfavorable EB claims andfrom the increase in Employee Benefits’ reserves due to strong growth.GMIB annuitizations.
These were partially offset by the following unfavorablefavorable items:
Commissions and distribution-related payments increaseddecreased by $10$16 million mainly due to higher saleslower average Separate Accounts AV as result of Employee Benefits products.lower equity markets and net outflows, partially offset by lower commission reimbursements recorded in Other Income.
Net investment income decreasedincreased by $9$6 million mainly due to lower alternative investment income , lower prepayments,higher yields partially offset higherby lower income from TIPS (offset in inflation related hedging losses) and GA optimization.alternative investments.
Income tax expense increaseddecreased by $10$7 million primarily due to higher pre-tax earnings.lower pretax earnings and lower effective tax rate in 2023.
Net Flows and AV
The increase in AV of $890 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 was driven by an increase in investments performance and interest credited to account balances, net of policy charges, of $2.0 billion as a result of equity market appreciation in 2023, partially offset by net outflows of $1.1 billion.
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Net outflows of $1.1 billion were $52 million lower in the six months ended June 30, 2022, mainly driven by lower average account values due to equity market depreciation and net outflows in 2022.

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Corporate and Other
Corporate and Other includes some of our financing and investment expenses. It also includes: Equitable Advisors broker-dealer business, the Closed Block, run-off variable annuity reinsurance business, run-off group pension business, run-off health business, benefit plans for our employees, certain strategic investments and certain unallocated items, including capital and related investments, interest expense and financing fees and corporate expense. AB’s results of operations are reflected in the Investment Management and Research segment. Accordingly, Corporate and Other does not include any items applicable to AB.
The following table summarizes operating earnings (loss) of Corporate and Other for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)
Operating earnings (loss)$(81)$(16)$(147)$(92)
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(in millions)
Operating earnings (loss)$(110)$(96)$(191)$(172)
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General Account Investment Portfolio
The General AccountOur investment portfoliophilosophy is useddriven by our long-term commitments to support the insuranceclients, robust risk management and annuity liabilities of our Individual Retirement, Group Retirement and Protection Solutions businesses segments. In the first quarter 2022, the Company changed its methodology for allocating its General Account investment portfolio, which resulted in a change in thestrategic asset and net investment income allocation amongst the Company’s business segments. Following this change, the segmentation of the general account investments is now more closely aligned with the liability characteristics of the product groups. Management determined that the change in the allocation methodology allows for improved flexibility and infuses an active asset liability management practice into the segmentation process. Additionally, the Company also changed its basis for allocating the spread earned from our FHLB investment borrowing and FABN programs. The spread earned from our FHLB investment borrowing and FABN programs includes the investment income on the assets less interest credited on the funding agreements. The net spread as reflected in net investment income is allocated to the segments based on the percentage of the individual segment insurance liabilities over the combined segments insurance liabilities.
allocation. Our General Account investment portfolio investment strategy seeks to achieve sustainable risk-adjusted returns by focusing on principal preservation and investment return, subject to duration and liquidity requirements by product class and theas well as diversification of investment risks. Investment activities are undertaken according tobased on established investment policy statements that contain internally established guidelines and are required to comply with applicable laws and insurance regulations.
Risk tolerances are established for credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk and concentration risk across types of issuers and asset classes, thateach of which seek to mitigate the impact of cash flow variability arising from these risks. The impactSignificant interest rate increases and market volatility in 2022 have reduced the fair value of COVID-19 continuesfixed maturities from a net unrealized gain position to bea net unrealized loss. These effects apply across the portfolio and are being assessed within aggregate asset and liability management strategies. As a part of asset and liability management, we maintain a weighted average duration for potential negative impacts toour General Account investment portfolio that is within an acceptable range of the performanceestimated duration of mortgage loansour liabilities given our risk appetite and fixed maturities.hedging programs.
The General Account investment portfolio consists largely of investment grade fixed maturities, short-term investments, commercial and agricultural mortgage loans, alternative investments and other financial instruments. Fixed maturities include publicly issued corporate bonds, government bonds, privately placed notes and bonds, bonds issued by states and municipalities, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities. The General Account investment portfolio also includes credit derivatives to replicate exposure to individual securities or pools of securities as a means of achieving credit exposure similar to bonds of the underlying issuer(s) more efficiently. In addition, from time to time we use derivatives for hedging purposes to reduce our exposure to equity markets, interest rates, foreign currency and credit spreads. As part of a yield enhancement strategy, the General Account has diversified into more asset and sub-asset classes including higher yielding commercial mortgage investments.
As part of our asset and liability management strategies, we maintain a weighted average duration for our General Account investment portfolio that is within an acceptable range of the estimated duration of our liabilities given our risk appetite and hedging programs.
Investment portfolios are primarily managed by legal entity with dedicated portfolios for certain blocks of business. For portfolios that back multiple product groups, investment results are allocated to business segments.
Our investment philosophy is driven by our long-term commitments to clients, robust risk management and strategic asset allocation. In executing the activities of our General Account investment portfolio, weWe incorporate ESG factors into the investment processes for a significant portion of our General Account portfolio. As investors with a long-term horizon, we believe that
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companies with sustainable practices are better positioned to deliver value to stakeholders over an extended period, thereby enhancing the quality of our portfolio.period. These companies are more likely to increase sales through sustainable products, reduce energy costs and attract and retain talent. This belief underpins our approach to sustainable investing, where we seek to enhance the sustainability and quality of our investment portfolio.
Investments in our surplus portfolio by integrating ESG factors into ourare generally comprised of a mix of fixed maturity investment decision process.grade and below investment grade securities as well as various alternative investments, primarily private equity and real estate equity. Although alternative investments are subject to period over period earnings fluctuations, they have historically achieved returns in excess of the fixed maturity portfolio.
The General Account investment portfolio reflects certain differences from the presentation of the U.S. GAAP Consolidated Financial Statements. This presentation is consistent with how we manage the General Account investment portfolio. For further investment information, please refer tosee Note 3 and Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Investment Results of the General Account Investment Portfolio
The following table summarizes the General Account investment portfolio results with Non-GAAP Operating Earnings adjustments by asset category for the periods indicated. This presentation is consistent with how we measure investment performance for management purposes.
Three Months Ended June 30,
20222021
YieldAmount (2)YieldAmount (2)
(Dollars in millions)
Fixed Maturities: (5)
Income (loss)3.49 %$638 3.62 %$644 
Ending assets73,443 69,407 
Mortgages:
Income (loss)3.80 %138 4.21 %140 
Ending assets14,480 13,384 
Other Equity Investments: (1)
Income (loss)10.07 %81 17.18 %113 
Ending assets3,462 2,588 
Policy Loans:
Income (loss)5.24 %53 5.19 %53 
Ending assets4,020 4,048 
Cash and Short-term Investments:
Income (loss)(0.51)%(3)(0.05)%— 
Ending assets2,069 1,679 
Repurchase and funding agreements:
Interest expense and other(23)(17)
Ending assets (liabilities)(7,286)(8,224)
Total Invested Assets:
Income (loss)3.90 %884 4.43 %933 
Ending Assets90,188 82,882 
Short Duration Fixed Maturities:
Income (loss)3.49 %1 6.74 %40 
Ending assets137 546 
Total:
Investment income (loss)3.90 %885 4.50 %973 
Less: investment fees (3)(0.15)%(35)(0.12)%(26)
Investment Income, Net3.75 %850 4.38 %947 
Ending Net Assets$90,325 $83,428 
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Six Months Ended June 30,Year Ended December 31Three Months Ended June 30,
20222021202120232022
YieldAmount (2)YieldAmount (2)YieldAmount (2)YieldAmount (2)YieldAmount (2)
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)
Fixed Maturities:Fixed Maturities:Fixed Maturities:
Income (loss)Income (loss)3.39 %$1,236 3.41 %$1,220 3.40 %$2,429 Income (loss)4.12 %$750 3.49 %$638 
Ending assetsEnding assets73,443 69,407 72,545 Ending assets73,413 73,443 
Mortgages:Mortgages:Mortgages:
Income (loss)Income (loss)3.85 %276 4.11 %273 4.08 %547 Income (loss)4.61 %198 3.80 %138 
Ending assetsEnding assets14,480 13,384 14,033 Ending assets17,364 14,480 
Other Equity Investments: (1)Other Equity Investments: (1)Other Equity Investments: (1)
Income (loss)Income (loss)10.52 %163 18.35 %220 20.45 %534 Income (loss)0.47 %4 10.07 %81 
Ending assetsEnding assets3,462 2,588 2,901 Ending assets3,575 3,462 
Policy Loans:Policy Loans:Policy Loans:
Income (loss)Income (loss)5.49 %110 5.37 %110 5.01 %203 Income (loss)5.11 %52 5.24 %53 
Ending assetsEnding assets4,020 4,048 4,024 Ending assets4,061 4,020 
Cash and Short-term Investments:(3)Cash and Short-term Investments:(3)Cash and Short-term Investments:(3)
Income (loss)Income (loss)(0.34)%(4)(0.04)%(1)(0.13)%(2)Income (loss)(1.96)%(17)(0.51)%(3)
Ending assetsEnding assets2,069 1,679 1,662 Ending assets4,773 2,069 
Funding agreements:
Repurchase and funding agreements:Repurchase and funding agreements:
Interest expense and otherInterest expense and other(35)(31)(56)Interest expense and other(107)(23)
Ending assets (liabilities)Ending assets (liabilities)(7,286)(8,224)(6,447)Ending assets (liabilities)(8,875)(7,286)
Total Invested Assets:Total Invested Assets:Total Invested Assets:
Income (loss)Income (loss)3.88 %1,746 4.22 %1,791 4.28 %3,655 Income (loss)3.80 %880 3.90 %884 
Ending AssetsEnding Assets90,188 82,882 88,518 Ending Assets94,311 90,188 
Short Duration Fixed Maturities:Short Duration Fixed Maturities:Short Duration Fixed Maturities:
Income (loss)Income (loss)3.58 %2 4.38 %74 4.48 %78 Income (loss)4.18 %1 3.49 %
Ending assetsEnding assets137 546 142 Ending assets67 137 
Total:Total:Total:
Investment income (loss)Investment income (loss)3.87 %1,748 4.23 %1,865 4.28 %3,733 Investment income (loss)3.80 %881 3.90 %885 
Less: investment fees (3)(4)Less: investment fees (3)(4)(0.14)%(64)(0.12)%(54)(0.14)%(118)Less: investment fees (3)(4)(0.17)%(38)(0.15)%(35)
Investment Income, NetInvestment Income, Net3.73 %1,684 4.10 %1,811 4.15 %3,615 Investment Income, Net3.64 %843 3.75 %850 
Ending Net AssetsEnding Net Assets$90,325 $83,428 $88,660 Ending Net Assets$94,378 $90,325 
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Six Months Ended June 30,Year Ended December 31
 202320222022
 YieldAmount (2)YieldAmount (2)YieldAmount (2)
(Dollars in millions)
Fixed Maturities:
Income (loss)4.03 %$1,464 3.39 %$1,236 3.57 %$2,619 
Ending assets73,413 73,443 72,255 
Mortgages:
Income (loss)4.42 %375 3.85 %276 3.92 %587 
Ending assets17,364 14,480 16,481 
Other Equity Investments: (1)
Income (loss)2.55 %45 10.52 %163 5.21 %171 
Ending assets3,575 3,462 3,433 
Policy Loans:
Income (loss)5.11 %103 5.49 %110 5.35 %215 
Ending assets4,061 4,020 4,033 
Cash and Short-term Investments: (3)
Income (loss)(3.00)%(40)(0.34)%(4)(1.44)%(24)
Ending assets4,773 2,069 1,419 
Funding agreements:
Interest expense and other(194)(35)(156)
Ending assets (liabilities)(8,875)(7,286)(8,501)
Total Invested Assets:
Income (loss)3.84 %1,753 3.88 %1,746 3.79 %3,412 
Ending Assets94,311 90,188 89,120 
Short Duration Fixed Maturities:
Income (loss)3.97 %2 3.58 %3.62 %
Ending assets67 137 87 
Total:
Investment income (loss)3.84 %1,755 3.87 %1,748 3.79 %3,417 
Less: investment fees (4)(0.17)%(78)(0.14)%(64)(0.15)%(138)
Investment Income, Net3.67 %1,677 3.73 %1,684 3.63 %3,279 
Ending Net Assets$94,378 $90,325 $89,207 
_____________
(1)Includes, as of June 30, 2022,2023, June 30, 20212022 and December 31, 20212022 respectively, $466 million, $369 million $391 million and $319$400 million of other invested assets. Amounts for certain consolidated VIE investments are shown net of associated non-controlling interest.
(2)Amount for fixed maturities and mortgages represents original cost, reduced by repayments, write-downs, adjusted amortization of premiums, accretion of discount and allowances. Cost for equity securities represents original cost reduced by write-downs; cost for other limited partnership interests represents original cost adjusted for equity in earnings and reduced by distributions.
(3)Cash and ST net of collateral expense.
(4)Investment fees are inclusive of investment management fees paid to AB.

AFS Fixed Maturities
The fixed maturity portfolio consists largely of investment grade corporate debt securities and includes significant amounts of U.S. government and agency obligations. The below investment grade securities in the General Account investment portfolio consist of loans to middle market companies, public high yield securities, bank loans, as well as “fallen angels,” originally purchased as investment grade investments.
AFS Fixed Maturities by Industry
The following table sets forth these fixed maturities by industry category as of the dates indicated along with their associated gross unrealized gains and losses.
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AFS Fixed Maturities by Industry (1)
Amortized CostAllowance for Credit LossesGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValuePercentage of Total (%)Amortized CostAllowance for Credit LossesGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValuePercentage of Total (%)
(in millions)(Dollars in millions)
As of June 30, 2022
As of June 30, 2023As of June 30, 2023
Corporate Securities:Corporate Securities:Corporate Securities:
FinanceFinance$13,851 $ $24 $1,312 $12,563 19 %Finance$13,722 $ $15 $1,550 $12,187 19 %
ManufacturingManufacturing12,416  32 1,424 11,024 17 %Manufacturing11,317  19 1,562 9,774 15 %
UtilitiesUtilities6,935  27 841 6,121 9 %Utilities6,725 1 16 978 5,762 9 %
ServicesServices8,203 19 26 989 7,221 11 %Services8,388 1 33 1,095 7,325 11 %
EnergyEnergy3,853 1 18 486 3,384 5 %Energy3,719  11 536 3,194 5 %
Retail and wholesaleRetail and wholesale3,496  22 338 3,180 5 %Retail and wholesale3,466  16 387 3,095 5 %
TransportationTransportation2,392  15 284 2,123 3 %Transportation2,333  8 339 2,002 3 %
OtherOther85   10 75  %Other131  3 14 120  %
Total corporate securitiesTotal corporate securities51,231 20 164 5,684 45,691 69 %Total corporate securities49,801 2 121 6,461 43,459 67 %
U.S. governmentU.S. government7,417  55 493 6,979 10 %U.S. government6,998  1 1,104 5,895 9 %
Residential mortgage-backed (2)Residential mortgage-backed (2)514  3 8 509 1 %Residential mortgage-backed (2)1,389  1 100 1,290 2 %
Preferred stockPreferred stock41  3  44  %Preferred stock41  3  44  %
State & politicalState & political684  24 61 647 1 %State & political622  9 78 553 1 %
Foreign governmentsForeign governments1,094  6 141 959 1 %Foreign governments894  3 129 768 1 %
Commercial mortgage-backedCommercial mortgage-backed3,728  1 388 3,341 5 %Commercial mortgage-backed3,889   600 3,289 5 %
Asset-backed securities8,735  4 406 8,333 13 %
Asset-backed securities (3)Asset-backed securities (3)9,741  9 281 9,469 15 %
TotalTotal$73,444 $20 $260 $7,181 $66,503 100 %Total$73,375 $2 $147 $8,753 $64,767 100 %
As of December 31, 2021:
As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2022
Corporate Securities:Corporate Securities:Corporate Securities:
FinanceFinance$12,954 $— $545 $59 $13,440 17 %Finance$13,537 $— $$1,682 $11,864 19 %
ManufacturingManufacturing12,212 775 39 12,947 17 %Manufacturing11,797 14 1,793 10,016 16 %
UtilitiesUtilities6,446 — 351 36 6,761 %Utilities6,808 — 14 1,063 5,759 %
ServicesServices8,191 21 380 50 8,500 11 %Services8,299 22 16 1,236 7,057 11 %
EnergyEnergy3,854 — 174 17 4,011 %Energy3,740 — 11 574 3,177 %
Retail and wholesaleRetail and wholesale3,390 — 218 18 3,590 %Retail and wholesale3,394 — 14 433 2,975 %
TransportationTransportation2,181 — 156 10 2,327 %Transportation2,277 — 367 1,918 %
OtherOther60 — — 62 — %Other124 — 15 112 — %
Total corporate securitiesTotal corporate securities49,288 22 2,601 229 51,638 67 %Total corporate securities49,976 24 89 7,163 42,878 68 %
U.S. governmentU.S. government13,056 — 2,344 15 15,385 20 %U.S. government7,054 — 1,218 5,837 10 %
Residential mortgage-backed (2)Residential mortgage-backed (2)90 — — 98 — %Residential mortgage-backed (2)908 — 87 822 %
Preferred stockPreferred stock41 — 12 — 53 — %Preferred stock41 — — 43 — %
State & politicalState & political586 — 78 661 %State & political609 — 89 527 %
Foreign governmentsForeign governments1,124 — 42 14 1,152 %Foreign governments985 — 151 836 %
Commercial mortgage-backedCommercial mortgage-backed2,427 — 19 25 2,421 %Commercial mortgage-backed3,823 — — 588 3,235 %
Asset-backed securities5,933 — 21 20 5,934 %
Asset-backed securities (3)Asset-backed securities (3)8,859 — 373 8,490 14 %
TotalTotal$72,545 $22 $5,125 $306 $77,342 100 %Total$72,255 $24 $106 $9,669 $62,668 100 %
______________
(1)Investment data has been classified based on standard industry categorizations for domestic public holdings and similar classifications by industry for all other holdings.
(2)Includes publicly traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized obligations.
(3)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, credit risk transfer securities and other asset types.


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Fixed Maturities Credit Quality
The SVO of the NAIC evaluates the investments of insurers for regulatory reporting purposes and assigns fixed maturities to one of six categories (“NAIC Designations”). NAIC Designations of “1” or “2” include fixed maturities considered investment grade, which include securities rated Baa3 or higher by Moody’s or BBB- or higher by Standard & Poor’s. NAIC Designations of “3” through “6” are referred to as below investment grade, which include securities rated Ba1 or lower by Moody’s and BB+ or lower by Standard & Poor’s. As a result of time lags between the funding of investments and the completion of the SVO filing process, the fixed maturity portfolio typically includes securities that have not yet been rated by the SVO as of each balance sheet date. Pending receipt of SVO ratings, the categorization of these securities by NAIC designation is based on the expected ratings indicated by internal analysis.
The following table sets forth the General Account’s fixed maturities portfolio by NAIC rating at the dates indicated.
AFS Fixed Maturities
NAIC DesignationNAIC DesignationRating Agency Equivalent
Amortized
Cost
Allowance for Credit Losses
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueNAIC DesignationRating Agency Equivalent
Amortized
Cost
Allowance for Credit Losses
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
 (in millions)  (in millions)
As of June 30, 2022
As of June 30, 2023As of June 30, 2023
1................................1................................Aaa, Aa, A$44,403 $ $174 $3,765 $40,812 1................................Aaa, Aa, A$46,440 $ $75 $5,231 $41,284 
2................................2................................Baa26,257  79 3,215 23,121 2................................Baa24,373  67 3,374 21,066 
Investment grade70,660  253 6,980 63,933 Investment grade70,813  142 8,605 62,350 
3................................3................................Ba1,608 1 3 134 1,476 3................................Ba1,412 1 2 92 1,321 
4................................4................................B1,111 19 3 63 1,032 4................................B1,066 1 2 48 1,019 
5................................5................................Caa59  1 4 56 5................................Caa84  1 8 77 
6................................6................................Ca, C6    6 6................................Ca, C     
Below investment grade2,784 20 7 201 2,570 Below investment grade2,562 2 5 148 2,417 
Total Fixed MaturitiesTotal Fixed Maturities$73,444 $20 $260 $7,181 $66,503 Total Fixed Maturities$73,375 $2 $147 $8,753 $64,767 
As of December 31, 2021:
As of December 31, 2022:As of December 31, 2022:
1................................1................................Aaa, Aa, A$44,653 $— $3,734 $158 $48,229 1................................Aaa, Aa, A$44,612 $— $56 $5,652 $39,016 
2................................2................................Baa25,141 — 1,357 127 26,371 2................................Baa24,843 — 47 3,804 21,086 
Investment grade69,794 — 5,091 285 74,600 Investment grade69,455 — 103 9,456 60,102 
3................................3................................Ba1,601 22 14 1,608 3................................Ba1,565 130 1,434 
4................................4................................B992 19 976 4................................B1,161 20 75 1,067 
5................................5................................Caa130 131 5................................Caa64 56 
6................................6................................Ca, C28 — — 27 6................................Ca, C10 — — 
Below investment grade2,751 22 34 21 2,742 Below investment grade2,800 24 213 2,566 
Total Fixed MaturitiesTotal Fixed Maturities$72,545 $22 $5,125 $306 $77,342 Total Fixed Maturities$72,255 $24 $106 $9,669 $62,668 

Mortgage Loans
The mortgage portfolio primarily consists of commercial and agricultural mortgage loans. The investment strategy for the mortgage loan portfolio emphasizes diversification by property type and geographic location with a primary focus on asset quality. The commercial mortgage loan portfolio is backed by high quality properties located in primary markets typically owned by experienced institutional investors with a demonstrated ability to manage their assets through business cycles. Our commercial loan portfolio is monitored on an ongoing basis, assigning credit quality ratings for each loan, with the particular emphasis on loans that are scheduled to mature in the next 12 to 24 months. Scheduled maturities for 2023 and 2024 respectively are $0.5 billion and $0.9 billion, or 4% and 7% of the commercial mortgage portfolio. The commercial mortgage portfolio consists of 87% fixed rate loans and 13% floating rate loans. For floating rate loans, the borrower is typically required to purchase an interest rate cap to the scheduled maturity of the loan to protect against rising rates.
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Commercial mortgage loans are evaluated annually to determine a current LTV ratio. Property financial statements, current rent roll, lease maturities, tenant creditworthiness, property physical inspections, and forecasted leasing market strength are used to develop projected cash flows. A discounted cash flow methodology which incorporates market data is used to determine property values. The average LTV ratio at origination provided by a certified appraisal firm was 53%. The average LTV ratio was 61% and 62% at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which reflects the most recent opinion of value on the underlying collateral.
The tables below show the breakdown of the amortized cost of the General Account’s investments in mortgage loans by geographic region and property type as of the dates indicated.
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Mortgage Loans by Region and Property Type
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021 June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Amortized
Cost
% of Total
Amortized
Cost
% of Total
Amortized
Cost
% of Total
Amortized
Cost
% of Total
(in millions)(Dollars in millions)
By Region:By Region:By Region:
U.S. Regions:U.S. Regions:U.S. Regions:
PacificPacific$4,135 28 %$4,297 30 %Pacific$4,931 28 %$4,903 30 %
Middle AtlanticMiddle Atlantic3,545 24 3,441 24 Middle Atlantic3,553 20 3,529 21 
South AtlanticSouth Atlantic1,999 14 1,982 14 South Atlantic2,537 14 2,059 12 
East North CentralEast North Central1,047 7 1,103 East North Central1,015 6 1,087 
MountainMountain1,190 8 978 Mountain1,489 9 1,368 
West North CentralWest North Central843 6 834 West North Central817 5 826 
West South CentralWest South Central784 5 609 West South Central1,232 7 1,111 
New EnglandNew England578 4 579 New England858 5 859 
East South CentralEast South Central250 2 146 East South Central480 3 475 
Total U.S.Total U.S.$14,371 99 %$13,969 99 %Total U.S.16,912 97 16,217 98 
Other Regions:Other Regions:Other Regions:
EuropeEurope$173 1 %$126 %Europe597 3 393 
Total OtherTotal Other$173 1 $126 Total Other597 3 393 
Total Mortgage LoansTotal Mortgage Loans$14,544 100 %$14,095 100 %Total Mortgage Loans$17,509 100 %$16,610 100 %
By Property Type:By Property Type:By Property Type:
OfficeOffice$3,383 23 %$3,944 28 %Office$4,759 27 %$4,749 29 %
MultifamilyMultifamily5,059 34 4,694 33 Multifamily6,257 36 5,657 33 
Agricultural loansAgricultural loans2,634 18 2,644 19 Agricultural loans2,541 15 2,590 16 
RetailRetail856 6 728 Retail316 2 327 
IndustrialIndustrial1,689 12 1,204 Industrial2,159 12 2,125 13 
HospitalityHospitality407 3 410 Hospitality539 3 427 
OtherOther516 4 471 Other938 5 735 
Total Mortgage LoansTotal Mortgage Loans$14,544 100 %$14,095 100 %Total Mortgage Loans$17,509 100 %$16,610 100 %
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity refers to our ability to generate adequate amounts of cash from our operating, investment and financing activities to meet our cash requirements with a prudent margin of safety. Capital refers to our long-term financial resources available to support business operations and future growth. Our ability to generate and maintain sufficient liquidity and capital is dependent on the profitability of our businesses, timing of cash flows related to our investments and products, our ability to access the capital markets, general economic conditions and the alternative sources of liquidity and capital described herein. When considering our liquidity and cash flows, we distinguish between the needs of Holdings and the needs of our insurance and non-insurance subsidiaries. We also distinguish and separately manage the liquidity and capital resources of our retirement and protection businesses (our Individual Retirement, Group Retirement, and Protection Solutions and Legacy segments) and our Investment Management and Research segment.and Wealth Management segments.
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Sources and Uses of Liquidity
The Company has sufficient cash flows from operations to satisfy liquidity requirements in 2022.2023.
Cash Flows of Holdings
As a holding company with no business operations of its own, Holdings primarily derives cash flows from dividends from its subsidiaries and distributions related to its economic interest in AB, nearly all of which is currently held outside our insurance company subsidiaries. These principal sources of liquidity are augmented by cash and short-term investments held by Holdings and access to bank lines of credit and the capital markets. The main uses of liquidity for Holdings are interest payments and debt repayment, payment of dividends and other distributions to stockholders (which may include stock
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repurchases) loans and capital contributions, if needed, to our insurance subsidiaries. Our principal sources of liquidity and our capital position are described in the following paragraphs.
Sources and Uses of Holding Company Highly Liquid Assets
The following table sets forth Holdings’ principal sources and uses of highly liquid assets for the periods indicated.
Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2022202120232022
(in millions)(in millions)
Highly Liquid Assets, beginning of periodHighly Liquid Assets, beginning of period$1,742 $3,088 Highly Liquid Assets, beginning of period$1,992 $1,742 
Dividends from subsidiariesDividends from subsidiaries491 380 Dividends from subsidiaries1,335 491 
Capital contributions to subsidiariesCapital contributions to subsidiaries(50)(755)Capital contributions to subsidiaries(1,050)(50)
M&A ActivityM&A Activity 215 M&A Activity — 
Total Business Capital ActivityTotal Business Capital Activity441 (160)Total Business Capital Activity285 441 
Purchase of treasury sharesPurchase of treasury shares(499)(709)Purchase of treasury shares(440)(499)
Shareholder dividends paidShareholder dividends paid(145)(150)Shareholder dividends paid(150)(145)
Total Share Repurchases, Dividends and Acquisition ActivityTotal Share Repurchases, Dividends and Acquisition Activity(644)(859)Total Share Repurchases, Dividends and Acquisition Activity(590)(644)
Issuance of preferred stockIssuance of preferred stock 293 Issuance of preferred stock — 
Preferred stock dividendPreferred stock dividend(40)(39)Preferred stock dividend(40)(40)
Total Preferred Stock ActivityTotal Preferred Stock Activity(40)254 Total Preferred Stock Activity(40)(40)
Issuance of long-term debtIssuance of long-term debt — Issuance of long-term debt500 — 
Repayment of long-term debtRepayment of long-term debt— (280)Repayment of long-term debt(520)— 
Total External Debt ActivityTotal External Debt Activity (280)Total External Debt Activity(20)— 
Proceeds from loans from affiliatesProceeds from loans from affiliates 1,000 Proceeds from loans from affiliates — 
Net decrease (increase) in existing facilities to affiliates (1)Net decrease (increase) in existing facilities to affiliates (1)(45)85 Net decrease (increase) in existing facilities to affiliates (1)120 (45)
Total Affiliated Debt ActivityTotal Affiliated Debt Activity(45)1,085 Total Affiliated Debt Activity120 (45)
Interest paid on external debt and P-CapsInterest paid on external debt and P-Caps(104)(129)Interest paid on external debt and P-Caps(104)(104)
Others, netOthers, net7 (214)Others, net(11)
Total Other ActivityTotal Other Activity(97)(343)Total Other Activity(115)(97)
Net increase (decrease) in highly liquid assetsNet increase (decrease) in highly liquid assets(385)(303)Net increase (decrease) in highly liquid assets(360)(385)
Highly Liquid Assets, end of periodHighly Liquid Assets, end of period$1,357 $2,785 Highly Liquid Assets, end of period$1,632 $1,357 
_______________
(1)     Represents net activity of draws and repayments of existing credit facilities between Holdings and affiliates.
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Capital Contribution to Our Subsidiaries
During the six months ended June 30, 2022,2023, Holdings made a $50 million cash capital contribution.contributions of $1.1 billion to Equitable America to support the Reinsurance Treaty. This transaction moved 50% of the account value from Equitable Life to Equitable America, this capital contribution enabled the Company to move capital to match the liabilities moved and maintain an RBC ratio above 400%.
Loans from Our Subsidiaries
There were no loans from our subsidiaries during the six months ended June 30, 2022.2023.
Cash Distributions from Our Subsidiaries
During the six months ended June 30, 2022,2023, Holdings and certain of its subsidiaries received pretax cash distributions from AB of $367$190 million and post-tax distributions from EFIM of $37 million, and EIM of $125$58 million.
Distributions from Insurance Subsidiaries
Our insurance companies are subject to limitations on the payment of dividends and other transfers of funds to Holdings and other affiliates under applicable insurance law and regulation. Also, more generally, the ability of our insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends can be affected by market conditions and other factors beyond our control.
Under New YorkYork’s insurance laws, which are applicable to Equitable Financial, a domestic stock life insurer may not, without prior approval of the NYDFS, pay an ordinary dividend to its stockholders exceeding an amount calculated based on a statutory formula (“Ordinary Dividend”).Dividend. Extraordinary Dividends in excess of this amount require the insurer to file a notice of its intent to declare the dividends with the NYDFS and obtain prior approval or non-disapproval from the NYDFS with respect to such dividends (“Extraordinary Dividends”).NYDFS. Due to a permitted statutory accounting practice agreed to with the NYDFS, Equitable Financial will need the prior approval of the NYDFS to pay the portion, if any, of any Ordinary Dividend that exceeds the Ordinary Dividend that Equitable Financial would be permitted to pay under New York insurance law absent the application of such permitted practice (such excess, the “Permitteda Permitted Practice Ordinary Dividend”).Dividend. Applying the formula above, Equitable Financial could pay an Ordinary Dividend of up to approximately $0.9$1.7 billion in 2022 without2023. Holdings received a cash dividend distribution from Equitable Financial of $1.1 billion during May 2023 to support the prior approvalReinsurance Treaty. This transaction moved 50% of the NYDFS.account value from Equitable Life to Equitable America, this capital contribution enabled the Company to move capital to match the liabilities moved and maintain an RBC ratio above 400%. Holdings also received a dividend distribution from Equitable Financial of $0.9 billion$600 million during July 2022.2023.
Distributions from AllianceBernstein
ABLP is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement of ABLP, to the holders of AB Units and to the General Partner. Available Cash Flow is defined as the cash flow received by ABLP from operations minus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be retained by ABLP for use in its business, or plus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be released from previously retained cash flow. Distributions by ABLP are made 1% to the General Partner and 99% among the limited partners.
Typically, Available Cash Flow has been the adjusted diluted net income per unit for the quarter multiplied by the number of general and limited partnership interests at the end of the quarter. In future periods, management of AB anticipates that Available Cash Flow will be based on adjusted diluted net income per unit, unless management of AB determines, with the concurrence of the Board of Directors of AB, that one or more adjustments that are made for adjusted net income should not be made with respect to the Available Cash Flow calculation.
AB Holding is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB Holding, to holders of AB Holding Units pro rata in accordance with their percentage interest in AB Holding. Available Cash Flow is defined as the cash distributions AB Holding receives from ABLP minus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be retained by AB Holding for use in its business (such as the payment of taxes) or plus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be released from previously retained cash flow. AB Holding is dependent on the quarterly cash distributions it receives from ABLP, which is subject to the performance of capital markets and other factors beyond our control. Distributions from AB Holding are made pro rata based on the holder’s percentage ownership interest in AB Holding.
As of June 30, 2022,2023, Holdings and its non-insurance company subsidiaries hold approximately 170.1 million AB Units, 4.1 million AB Holding Units and the 1% General Partnership interest in ABLP.
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As of June 30, 2022,2023, the ownership structure of ABLP, including AB Units outstanding as well as the general partner’s 1% interest, was as follows:
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OwnerPercentage Ownership
EQH and its subsidiaries63.559.9 %
AB Holding35.739.3 %
Unaffiliated holders0.8 %
Total100.0 %
Including both the general partnership and limited partnership interests in AB Holding and ABLP, Holdings and its subsidiaries had an approximate 65%61% economic interest in AB as of June 30, 2022.2023. The issuance of AB Units relating to the CarVal acquisition is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s cash flows.
Holdings Credit Facilities
On June 24, 2021, Holdings entered into the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement with respect to a five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”), which lowered the facility amount to $1.5 billion and extended the maturity date to June 24, 2026, among other changes. The Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement amends the Revolving Credit Agreement entered into by Holdings on February 16, 2018, as amended on March 22, 2021.
The Credit Facility may provide significant support to our liquidity position when alternative sources of credit are limited. In addition to the Credit Facility, we have letter of credit facilities with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $1.9 billion (the “LOC Facilities”), primarily to be used to support our life insurance business reinsured to EQ AZ Life Re in April 2018. In June 2021, Holdings entered into amendments with each of the issuers of its bilateral letter of credit facilities to effect changes similar to those effected in the amendedAmended and restated revolving credit agreement.Restated Revolving Credit Agreement. The respective facility limits of the bilateral letter of credit facilities remained unchanged. On May 12, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Facility and LOC Facilities to replace remaining LIBOR-based benchmark rates with SOFR-based benchmark rates and to make certain other conforming changes.
The Credit Facility and LOC Facilities contain certain administrative, reporting, legal and financial covenants, including requirements to maintain a specified minimum consolidated net worth and to maintain a ratio of indebtedness to total capitalization not in excess of a specified percentage, and limitations on the dollar amount of indebtedness that may be incurred by our subsidiaries and the dollar amount of secured indebtedness that may be incurred by us, which could restrict our operations and use of funds. The right to borrow funds under the Credit Facility and LOC Facilities is subject to the fulfillment of certain conditions, including compliance with all covenants, and the ability to borrow thereunder is also subject to the continued ability of the lenders that are or will be parties to the facilities to provide funds. As of June 30, 2022,2023, we were in compliance with these covenants”.covenants.
Contingent Funding Arrangements
For information regarding activity pertaining to our contingent funding arrangements and other off-balance sheet commitments, see “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities” in Note 1216 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock
For information pertaining to our Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock see Note 1013 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Capital Position of Holdings
We manage our capital position to maintain financial strength and credit ratings that facilitate the distribution of our products and provide our desired level of access to the bank and capital markets. Our capital position is supported by the ability of our subsidiaries to generate cash flows and distribute cash to us and our ability to effectively manage the risk of our businesses and to borrow funds and raise capital to meet our operating and growth needs.
Our Board and senior management are directly involved in the development of our capital management policies. Accordingly, capital actions, including proposed changes to the annual capital plan, capital targets and capital policies, are approved by the Board.
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Dividends Declared and Paid
The declaration and payment of future dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends on our financial condition, results of operations, cash requirements, future prospects, regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends by Holdings’ insurance subsidiaries and other factors deemed relevant by the Board. 
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The payment of dividends will be substantially restricted in the event that we do not declare and pay (or set aside) dividends on the Series A , Series B and Series C Preferred Stock for the last proceeding dividend period. For additional information on our preferred stock, see “—Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock”.
For information regarding activity pertaining to common and preferred dividends declared and paid, see Note 1013 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Share Repurchase Programs
For information regarding activity pertaining to share repurchase programs, see Note 1013 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Sources and Uses of Liquidity of Our Insurance Subsidiaries
The principal sources of liquidity for our insurance subsidiaries are premiums, investment and fee income, deposits associated with our insurance and annuity operations, cash and invested assets, as well as internal borrowings. The principal uses of that liquidity include benefits, claims and dividends paid to policyholders and payments to policyholders in connection with surrenders and withdrawals. Other uses of liquidity include commissions, general and administrative expenses, purchases of investments, the payment of dividends to Holdings and hedging activity. Certain of our insurance subsidiaries’ principal sources and uses of liquidity are described in the paragraphs that follow.
We manage the liquidity of our insurance subsidiaries with the objective of ensuring that they can meet payment obligations linked to our Individual Retirement, Group Retirement and Protection Solutions businesses and to their outstanding debt and derivative positions, including in our hedging programs, without support from Holdings. We employ an asset/liability management approach specific to the requirements of each of our insurance businesses. We measure liquidity against internally-developed benchmarks that consider the characteristics of our asset portfolio and the liabilities that it supports in both the short-term (the next 12 months) and long-term (beyond the next 12 months). We consider attributes of the various categories of our liquid assets (for example, type of asset and credit quality) in calculating internal liquidity indicators for our insurance and reinsurance operations. Our liquidity benchmarks are established for various stress scenarios and durations, including company-specific and market-wide events. The scenarios we use to evaluate the liquidity of our subsidiaries are defined to allow operating entities to operate without support from Holdings.
Liquid Assets
The investment portfolios of our insurance subsidiaries are a significant component of our overall liquidity. Liquid assets include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, U.S. Treasury fixed maturities, fixed maturities that are not designated as HTM and public equity securities. We believe that our business operations and the liquidity profile of our assets provide sufficient liquidity under reasonably foreseeable stress scenarios for each of our insurance subsidiaries.
See “—General Account Investment Portfolio” and Note 3 and Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our retirement and protection businesses’ portfolio of liquid assets.
Hedging Activities
Because the future claims exposure on our insurance products, and in particular our variable annuity products with GMxB features, is sensitive to movements in the equity markets and interest rates, we have in place various hedging and reinsurance programs that are designed to mitigate the economic risks of movements in the equity markets and interest rates. We use derivatives as part of our overall asset/liability risk management program primarily to reduce exposures to equity market and interest rate risks. In addition, we use credit derivatives to replicate exposure to individual securities or pools of securities as a means of achieving credit exposure similar to bonds of the underlying issuer(s) more efficiently. The derivative contracts are an integral part of our risk management program, especially for the management of our variable annuities program, and are collectively managed to reduce the economic impact of unfavorable movements in capital markets. These derivative transactions require liquidity to meet payment obligations such as payments for periodic settlements, purchases, maturities and terminations as well as liquid assets pledged as collateral related to any decline in the net estimated fair value. Collateral calls
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represent one of our biggest drivers for liquidity needs for our insurance subsidiaries. Our derivatives contracts reside primarily within Equitable Financial, which has a significantly large investment portfolio.
FHLB Membership
Equitable Financial and Equitable America are members of the FHLB, which provides access to collateralized borrowings and other FHLB products.
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See Note 1216 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further description of our FHLB program.
FABN
Under the FABN program, Equitable Financial may issue funding agreements in U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies.
See Note 1216 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further description of our FABN program.
FABCP
Under the FABCP program, Equitable Financial and Equitable America may issue funding agreements in U.S. dollars to the SPLLC.
See Note 16 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further description of our FABCP program.
Sources and Uses of Liquidity of our Investment Management and Research Segment
The principal sources of liquidity for our Investment Management and Research business include investment management fees and borrowings under its credit facilities and commercial paper program. The principal uses of liquidity include general and administrative expenses, business financing and distributions to holders of AB Units and AB Holding Units plus interest and debt service. The primary liquidity risk for our fee-based Investment Management and Research business is its profitability, which is impacted by market conditions and our investment management performance.
AB Commercial Paper
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, AB had no commercial paper outstanding. The commercial paper is short term in nature, and as such, recorded value is estimated to approximate fair value (and considered a Level 2 security in the fair value hierarchy). Average daily borrowings for the commercial paper outstanding during the first six months of 2022second quarter 2023 and full year 20212022 were $230$324 million and $157$190 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.5%4.9% and 0.2%, respectively.
AB Revolver Credit Facility
AB had a $200 million committed, unsecured senior revolving credit facility (the "AB Revolver") with a leading international bank, which matured on November 16, 2021. Average daily borrowings for the full year 2021 were $13 million with a weighted average interest rate of 1.1%1.5%, respectively.
AB Credit Facility
AB has aan $800 million committed, unsecured senior revolving credit facility (the “AB Credit Facility”) with a group of commercial banks and other lenders which matures on October 13, 2026. The Credit Facility was amended and restated on February 9, 2023, to reflect the transition from US LIBOR, which was retired as of June 30, 2023, to the term Secured Overnight Financial Rate ("SOFR”). Other than this immaterial change, there were no other significant changes included in the amendment. The credit facility provides for possible increases in the principal amount by up to an aggregate incremental amount of $200 million. Any such increase is subject to the consent of the affected lenders. The AB Credit Facility is available for AB and SCB LLC for business purposes, including the support of AB’s commercial paper program. Both AB and SCB LLC can draw directly under the AB Credit Facility and AB management expects to draw on the AB Credit Facility from time to time. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations of SCB LLC under the AB Credit Facility.
The AB Credit Facility contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants, which are customary for facilities of this type, including, among other things, restrictions on dispositions of assets, restrictions on liens, a minimum interest coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio. As of June 30, 2022,2023, AB was in compliance with these covenants. The AB Credit Facility also includes customary events of default (with customary grace periods, as applicable), including provisions under which, upon the occurrence of an event of default, all outstanding loans may be accelerated and/or lender’s commitments may be terminated. Also, under such provisions, upon the occurrence of certain insolvency- or bankruptcy-related events of default, all amounts payable under the AB Credit Facility would automatically become immediately due and payable, and the lender’s commitments would automatically terminate.
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Amounts under the Credit Facility may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed by us from time to time until the maturity of the facility. Voluntary prepaymentspre-payments and commitment reductions requested by AB are permitted at any time without a fee (other than customary breakage costs relating to the prepaymentpre-payment of any drawn loans) upon proper notice and subject to a minimum dollar requirement. Borrowings under the AB Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum, which will be, at AB’s option, a rate equal to an applicable margin, which is subject to adjustment based on the credit ratings of AB, plus one of the following indices: LIBOR;SOFR; a floating basePrime rate; or the Federal Funds rate.
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, AB had no amounts outstanding under the AB Credit Facility. During the periodssix months ended June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,the full year 2022, AB and SCB LLC did not draw upon the AB Credit Facility.
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In addition, SCB LLC currently has five uncommitted lines of credit with five financial institutions. Four of these lines of credit permit borrowing up to an aggregate of approximately $315 million, with AB named as an additional borrower, while the other line has no stated limit. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations on SCB LLC under these lines of credit. As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, SCB LLC had no outstanding balance on these lines of credit. Average daily borrowings during the first six months of 2022ended June 30, 2023 and the full year 20212022 were $1.4$2 million and $47 thousand$1 million with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.8%7.7% and 0.9%3.7%, respectively.
EQH Facility
AB has a $900 million committed, unsecured senior credit facility (the “EQH Facility”). The EQH Facility matures on November 4, 2024 and is available for AB’s general business purposes. Borrowings under the EQH Facility generally bear interest at a rate per annum based on prevailing overnight commercial paper rates.
The EQH Facility contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants which are substantially similar to those in AB’s committed bank facilities. The EQH Facility also includes customary events of default substantially similar to those in AB’s committed bank facilities, including provisions under which, upon the occurrence of an event of default, all outstanding loans may be accelerated and/or the lender’s commitment may be terminated.
Amounts under the EQH Facility may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed by AB from time to time until the maturity of the facility. AB or Holdings may reduce or terminate the commitment at any time without penalty upon proper notice. Holdings also may terminate the facility immediately upon a change of control of AB’s general partner.
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, AB had $800$870 million and $755$900 million outstanding under the EQH Facility, with interest rates of approximately 1.5%5.0% and 0.2%4.3%, respectively. Average daily borrowing of the EQH Facility during the first six months of 2022ended 2023 and the full year 20212022 were $657$801 million and $405$655 million, respectively, with a weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.5%4.7% and 0.2%1.7%, respectively.
EQH Uncommitted Facility
In addition to the EQH Facility, AB entered into a $300 million uncommitted, unsecured senior credit facility (the “EQH Uncommitted Facility”) with EQH. The EQH Uncommitted Facility matures on September 1, 2024 and is available for AB’s general business purposes. Borrowings under the EQH Uncommitted Facility bear interest generally interest at a rate per annum based on prevailing overnight commercial paper rates. The EQH Uncommitted Facility contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants, which are substantially similar to those in the EQH Facility.
As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, AB had no$0 million and $90 million outstanding balance on the EQH Uncommitted Facility, with interest rates of approximately 0.0% and has not drawn upon4.3%, respectively. Average daily borrowing of the facility since its inception.EQH Uncommitted Facility during the six months ended 2023 and full year 2022 were $7 million and $1 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rate of approximately 4.6% and 4.3%.
Statutory Capital of Our Insurance Subsidiaries
Our capital management framework for our insurance subsidiaries is primarily based on statutory RBC standards and the CTE asset standard for our variable annuity business.
RBC requirements are used as minimum capital requirements by the NAIC and the state insurance departments to evaluate the capital condition of regulated insurance companies. RBC is based on a formula calculated by applying factors to various asset, premium, claim, expense and statutory reserve items. The formula takes into account the risk characteristics of the insurer, including asset risk, insurance risk, interest rate risk, market risk and business risk and is calculated on a quarterly basis
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and made public on an annual basis. The formula is used as an early warning regulatory tool to identify possible inadequately capitalized insurers for purposes of initiating regulatory action, and not as a means to rank insurers generally. These rules apply to our insurance company subsidiaries and not to Holdings. State insurance laws provide insurance regulators the authority to require various actions by, or take various actions against, insurers whose total adjusted capital does not meet or exceed certain RBC levels. At the date of the most recent annual statutory financial statements filed with insurance regulators, the total adjusted capital of each of these insurance company subsidiaries subject to these requirements was in excess of each of those RBC levels.
See 13Note 18 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information relating to PermittedPrescribed and PrescribedPermitted Statutory Accounting practices and its impact on our statutory surplus.
Captive Reinsurance Company
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We use a captive reinsurance company to more effectively manage our reserves and capital on an economic basis and to enable the aggregation and transfer of risks. Our captive reinsurance company assumes business from affiliates only and is closed to new business. Our captive reinsurance company is a wholly-owned subsidiary located in the United States. In addition to state insurance regulation, our captive reinsurance company is subject to internal policies governing its activities. We continue to analyze the use of our existing captive reinsurance structure, as well as additional third-party reinsurance arrangements.
Borrowings
Our financial strategy going forward will remain subject to market conditions and other factors. For example, we may from time to time enter into additional bank or other financing arrangements, including public or private debt, structured facilities and contingent capital arrangements, under which we could incur additional indebtedness.
The following table sets forth the Company’s total consolidated borrowings. Short-term and long-term debt consists of the following:
June 30,December 31,
20222021
(in millions)
Short-term debt:
CLO Warehousing Debt$245 $92 
Total short-term debt245 92 
Long-term debt:
Senior Notes (5.0%, due 2048)1,481 1,481 
Senior Notes (4.35%, due 2028)1,490 1,490 
Senior Notes (3.9%, due 2023)519 519 
Senior Debentures, (7.0%, due 2028)350 349 
Total long-term debt3,840 3,839 
Total short-term and long-term debt$4,085 $3,931 
June 30,December 31,
20232022
(in millions)
Short-term debt:
CLO short-term debt$ $239 
Current portion of long-term debt (2) 520 
Total short-term debt 759 
Long-term debt:
Senior Debenture, 7.0%, due 2028350 350 
Senior Note (4.35% due 2028)1,492 1,491 
Senior Note (5.594% due 2033)496 — 
Senior Note (5.00% due 2048)1,481 1,481 
Total long-term debt3,819 3,322 
Total borrowings$3,819 $4,081 

______________
(1)     CLO Warehousing Debt related to VIE consolidation of CLO investment.
(2)     Current portion of long-term debt relates to the 3.9% Senior Notes which have a maturity date within one year of December 31, 2022. The 3.9% Senior Notes were repaid April 20, 2023. For additional information regarding activity pertaining to the debt repayment, see Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Notes and Debentures
The Senior Notes and Senior Debentures contain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a limitation on certain liens and a limit on the Company’s ability to consolidate, merge or sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets. The Senior Notes and Senior Debentures also include customary events of default (with customary grace periods, as applicable), including provisions under which, upon the occurrence of an event of default, all outstanding Senior Notes and Senior Debentures may be accelerated. As of June 30, 2022,2023, the Company is in compliance with all debt covenants.
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Ratings
Financial strength ratings (which are sometimes referred to as “claims-paying” ratings) and credit ratings are important factors affecting public confidence in an insurer and its competitive position in marketing products. Our credit ratings are also important for our ability to raise capital through the issuance of debt and for the cost of such financing.
Financial strength ratings represent the opinions of rating agencies regarding the financial ability of an insurance company to meet its obligations under an insurance policy. Credit ratings represent the opinions of rating agencies regarding an entity’s ability to repay its indebtedness. The following table summarizes the ratings for Holdings and certain of its subsidiaries. AM Best, S&P and Moody’s have a stable outlook.
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AM BestS&PMoody’s
Last review dateJan '22Feb '23Jun '22'23Jul '22May '23
Financial Strength Ratings:
Equitable Financial Life Insurance CompanyAA+A1
Equitable Financial Life Insurance Company of AmericaAA+A1
Credit Ratings:
Equitable Holdings, Inc.bbb+BBB+Baa1
Last review dateSep '21'22Jul '22Apr '23
AllianceBernstein L.P.AA2

Material Cash Requirement
Our material cash requirements include policyholder obligations, long-term debt, commercial paper, employee benefits, operating leases and various funding commitments. See “Material Cash Requirement” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Recast 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional information.Report.
Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein. For a discussion of our significant accounting policies, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in our 2021 Form 10-K.Consolidated Financial Statements. The most critical estimates include those used in determining:
liabilities for future policy benefits;market risk benefits and purchased market risk benefits
accounting for reinsurance;
capitalization and amortization of DAC;
estimated fair values of investments in the absence of quoted market values and investment impairments;
estimated fair values of freestanding derivatives and the recognition and estimated fair value of embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation;
goodwill and related impairment;
measurement of income taxes and the valuation of deferred tax assets; and
liabilities for litigation and regulatory matters.
In applying our accounting policies, we make subjective and complex judgments that frequently require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance and financial services industries while others are specific to our business and operations. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Market Risk Benefits
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Market risk benefits include contract features that provide minimum guarantees to policyholders and include GMIB, GMDB, GMWB, GMAB, and ROP DB benefits. MRBs are measured at estimated fair value with changes reported in the change in market risk benefits and purchased market risk benefits on the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss), except for the portion of the fair value change related to the Company’s own credit risk, which is recognized in OCI.
MRBs are measured at fair value on a seriatim basis using an ascribed fee approach based upon policyholder behavior projections and risk neutral economic scenarios adjusted based on the facts and circumstances of the Company’s product features. Market conditions including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices, market volatility and variations in actuarial assumptions, including policyholder behavior, mortality and risk margins related to non-capital market inputs, as well as changes in our nonperformance risk adjustment may result in significant fluctuations in the estimated fair value of the MRBs that could materially affect net income.
Risk margins are established to capture the non-capital market risks of the instrument which represent the additional compensation a market participant would require to assume the risks related to the uncertainties in certain actuarial assumptions. The establishment of risk margins requires the use of significant management judgment, including assumptions of the amount needed to cover the guarantees.
We ceded the risk associated with certain of the variable annuity products with GMxB features described in the preceding paragraphs. The value of the MRBs on the ceded risk is determined using a methodology consistent with that described previously for the guarantees directly written by us with the exception of the input for nonperformance risk that reflects the credit of the reinsurer.
Nonperformance Risk Adjustment
The valuation of our MRBs includes an adjustment for the risk that we fail to satisfy our obligations, which we refer to as our nonperformance risk. The nonperformance risk adjustment, which is captured as a spread over the risk-free rate in determining the discount rate to discount the cash flows of the liability, is determined by taking into consideration publicly available information relating to spreads on corporate bonds in the secondary market comparable to Holdings’ financial strength rating.
The table below illustrates the impact that a range of reasonably likely variances in credit spreads would have on our consolidated balance sheet, excluding the effect of income tax, related to the GMxB Core and GMxB Legacy MRBs measured at estimated fair value. Even when credit spreads do not change, the impact of the nonperformance risk adjustment on fair value will change when the cash flows within the fair value measurement change. The table only reflects the impact of changes in credit spreads on our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein and not these other potential changes. In determining the ranges, we have considered current market conditions, as well as the market level of spreads that can reasonably be anticipated over the near term. The ranges do not reflect extreme market conditions such as those experienced during the 2008–2009 financial crisis as we do not consider those to be reasonably likely events in the near future.
NPR Sensitivity
December 31, 2022
Increase/(Decrease)
In MRB
(in millions)
Increase in NPR by 50bps$(1,297)
Decrease in NPR by 50bps$1,387 

Sensitivity of MRBs to Changes in Interest Rates
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity of the MRBs to changes in long-term interest rates by quantifying the adjustments that would be required, assuming an increase and decrease in long-term interest rates of 50bps. This information considers only the direct effect of changes in the interest rates on MRB balances, net of reinsurance.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
December 31, 2022
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Increase/(Decrease)
In MRB
(in millions)
Increase in interest rates by 50bps$(875)
Decrease in interest rates by 50bps$998 
Sensitivity of MRBs to Changes in Equity Returns
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity of the MRBs to changes in equity returns.




Equity Returns Sensitivity
December 31, 2022
Increase/(Decrease)
In MRB
(in millions)
Increase in equity returns by 10%$(886)
Decrease in equity returns by 10%$988 
Sensitivity of MRBs to Changes in GMIB Lapses
Lapse rates are adjusted at the contract level based on a comparison of the value of the embedded GMIB rider and the current policyholder account value, which include other factors such as considering surrender charges. Generally, lapse rates are assumed to be lower in periods when a surrender charge applies. A dynamic lapse function reduces the base lapse rate when the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value as in-the-money contracts are less likely to lapse.
GMIB Lapse floor Sensitivity
December 31, 2022
Increase/(Decrease)
In MRB
(in millions)
GMIB Lapse floor of 1%$(178)
Item 3.      Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes to the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk described in the Recast 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 in "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk".
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Item 4.     Controls and Procedures
Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of June 30, 2022,2023, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
DuringNo change in the first quarter 2022, we implemented a new accounting and financial reporting system, including the general ledger. We have modified our existing controls infrastructure, as well as added other processes and internal controls, to adapt to our new general ledger. There are no other changes in ourCompany’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the six monthsquarter ended June 30, 2022,2023 that havehas materially affected, or areis reasonably likely to materially affect, ourthe Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.     Legal Proceedings
For information regarding certain legal proceedings pending against us, see Note 1216 of the Notes to thesethe Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) in this Form 10-Q. Also see “Risk Factors—Legal and Regulatory Risks—Legal and regulatory actions” included in ourthe Recast 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.Report.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the risks described in the “Risk Factors” section included in ourthe Recast 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.Report. Risks to which we are subject also include, but are not limited to, the factors mentioned under “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Information” above and the risks of our businesses described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 2.     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table provides information about purchases by Holdings during the three months ended June 30, 2022,2023, of its common stock:
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsApproximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
4/1/22 through 4/30/223,277,893 $30.51 3,277,893 $854,529,426 
5/1/22 through 5/31/224,335,260 $27.68 4,335,260 $704,529,426 
6/1/22 through 6/30/22— $— — $704,529,426 
Total7,613,153 $28.90 7,613,153 $704,529,426 
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsApproximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
4/1/23 through 4/30/232,391,391 $25.09 2,391,391 $795,311,093 
5/1/23 through 5/31/232,208,121 $24.77 2,208,121 755,615,349 
6/1/23 through 6/30/234,333,971 $25.76 4,333,971 $628,985,480 
Total8,933,483 $25.33 8,933,483 $628,985,480 

See Note 1013 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for ASR transaction detail during the three months ended June 30, 2022.2023.
Item 3.     Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5.      Other Information
None.Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers
A significant portion of the compensation of our executive officers is delivered in the form of equity awards, including restricted stock units and performance shares. All vehicles contain vesting requirements related to service, with performance shares also requiring the satisfaction of certain performance criteria related to corporate performance to obtain a payout. This compensation design is intended to align executive compensation with the performance experienced by our shareholders. Following the delivery of shares of our common stock under those equity awards, once any applicable service- or performance-based vesting standards have been satisfied, our executive officers from time to time engage in the open-market sale of some of those shares. Our executive officers may also engage from time to time in other transactions involving our securities.
Transactions in our securities by our executive officers are required to be made in accordance with our Insider Trading Policy, which, among other things, requires that the transactions be in accordance with applicable U.S. federal securities laws that prohibit trading while in possession of material nonpublic information. Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act provides an affirmative defense that enables prearranged transactions in securities in a manner that avoids concerns about initiating transactions at a future date while possibly in possession of material nonpublic information. Our Insider Trading Policy permits our executive officers to enter into trading plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1.

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The following table describes contracts, instructions or written plans for the sale or purchase of our securities adopted by our executive officers during the first quarter of 2023, each of which is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c), referred to as Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. The plans are only executed when the stock price reaches a required minimum. In addition, the executives identified in the table below are required to maintain an ownership of the Company’s common stock with a value equal to at least a multiple of their annual base salary (6 times for Mr. Pearson and 3 times for Mr. Hurd and Mr. Lane).
Name and TitleDate of Adoption of Rule 10b5-1 Trading PlanScheduled Start Date of Rule 10b5-1 Trading PlanScheduled Expiration Date of Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan(1)Aggregate Number of Securities to be Purchased or Sold
Mark Pearson
President and Chief Executive Officer
2/10/20235/15/20235/15/2024Sale of up to 360,000 shares(2) of common stock in several transactions through the scheduled expiration date in 2024
Jeffrey J. Hurd
Chief Operating Officer
2/10/20235/15/202311/15/2023Sale of up to 48,600 shares(3) of common stock in several transactions through the scheduled expiration date in 2023
Nick Lane
Head of Retirement, Wealth Management and Protection Solutions
2/10/20233/15/20239/15/2023Sale of up to 120,000(4) shares of common stock in several transactions through the scheduled expiration date in 2023
(1)In each case, a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan may also expire on such earlier date as all transactions under the Rule 10b5-1 trading plan are completed.
(2)240,000 of Mr. Pearson’s shares consist of stock options and 120,000 of Mr. Pearson’s shares consist of common stock already owned.
(3)All 48,600 of Mr. Hurd’s shares consist of common stock already owned.
(4)60,000 of Mr. Lane’s shares consist of stock options and 60,000 of Mr. Lane’s shares consist of common stock already owned.
During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16-a1(f) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933.
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Item 6.     Exhibits
NumberDescription and Method of Filing
#Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 11, 2023, between the Company and The Bank of New York mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 11, 2023).
Second Amended and Restated Certificate4.2
Exhibit 4.2. Form of Incorporation of Equitable Holdings, Inc., effective May 19, 2022 Senior Note (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.1 above)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.14.2 to ourthe Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2022)dated January 11, 2023).
#
Equitable Holdings, Inc. Fifth Amended and Restated By-laws, effective May 19, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2022)
#
Third Amendment No. 1 to ReimbursementAmended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, by anddated as of May 12, 2023, among Equitable Holdings, Inc., certain Subsidiary Account Parties, certain Banks and Commerzbank AG, New York Branch (incorporatedJPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed on June 10, 2022)May 15, 2023).
Amendment No. 3 to Reimbursement Agreement by and among Equitable Holdings, Inc., the Subsidiary Account Parties (as defined therein) party thereto and Natixis, New York Branch (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Form 8-K filed on May 15, 2023).
Amendment No. 3 to Reimbursement Agreement by and among Equitable Holdings, Inc., the Subsidiary Account Parties (as defined therein) party thereto and HSBC Bank USA, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Form 8-K filed on May 15, 2023).
Amendment No. 3 to Reimbursement Agreement by and among Equitable Holdings, Inc., the Subsidiary Account Parties (as defined therein) party thereto and Citibank Europe PLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Form 8-K filed on May 15, 2023).
Amendment No. 3 to Reimbursement Agreement by and among Equitable Holdings, Inc., the Subsidiary Account Parties (as defined therein) party thereto and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to our Form 8-K filed on May 15, 2023).
Amendment No. 3 to Reimbursement Agreement by and among Equitable Holdings, Inc., the Subsidiary Account Parties (as defined therein) party thereto and Barclays Bank PLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to our Form 8-K filed on May 15, 2023).
Amendment No. 3 to Reimbursement Agreement by and among Equitable Holdings, Inc., the Subsidiary Account Parties (as defined therein) party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to our Form 8-K filed on May 15, 2023).
Fifth Amendment to Reimbursement Agreement by and among Equitable Holdings, Inc., the Subsidiary Account Parties (as defined therein) party thereto and Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen Girozentrale, acting through its New York Branch (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to our Form 8-K filed on May 15, 2023).
Amendment No. 4 to Reimbursement Agreement by and among Equitable Holdings, Inc., the Subsidiary Account Parties (as defined therein) party thereto and Commerzbank AG, New York Branch (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to our Form 8-K filed on May 15, 2023).
#Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
#Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
#Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
#Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INSXBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101).
______________
#    Filed herewith.
GLOSSARY
Selected Financial Terms
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Account Value (“AV”)Generally equals the aggregate policy account value of our retirement and protection products. General Account AV refers to account balances in investment options that are backed by the General Account while Separate Accounts AV refers to Separate Accounts investment assets.
Alternative investmentsInvestments in real estate and real estate joint ventures and other limited partnerships.
Assets under administration (“AUA”)Includes non-insurance client assets that are invested in our savings and investment products or serviced by our Equitable Advisors platform. We provide administrative services for these assets and generally record the revenues received as distribution fees.
Assets under management (“AUM”)Investment assets that are managed by one of our subsidiaries and includes: (i) assets managed by AB, (ii) the assets in our GAIA portfolio and (iii) the Separate Account assets of our retirement and protection businesses. Total AUM reflects exclusions between segments to avoid double counting.
Combined RBC RatioCalculated as the overall aggregate RBC ratio for the Company’s insurance subsidiaries including capital held for its life insurance and variable annuity liabilities and non-variable annuity insurance liabilities.
Conditional tail expectation (“CTE”)
Calculated as the average amount of total assets required to satisfy obligations over the life of the contract or policy in the worst x% of scenarios. Represented as CTE (100 less x). Example: CTE95 represents the worst five percent of scenarios.
Deferred policy acquisition cost (“DAC”)Represents the incremental costs related directly to the successful acquisition of new and certain renewal insurance policies and annuity contracts and which have been deferred on the balance sheet as an asset.
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Deferred sales inducements (“DSI”)Represent amounts that are credited to a policyholder’s account balance that are higher than the expected crediting rates on similar contracts without such an inducement and that are an incentive to purchase a contract and also meet the accounting criteria to be deferred as an asset that is amortized over the life of the contract.
Dividends Received Deduction (“DRD”)A tax deduction under U.S. federal income tax law received by a corporation on the dividends it receives from other corporations in which it has an ownership stake.
Fee-type revenueRevenue from fees and related items, including policy charges and fee income, premiums, investment management and service fees, and other income.
Gross PremiumsFirst year premium and renewal premium and deposits
Invested assetsIncludes fixed maturity securities, equity securities, mortgage loans, policy loans, alternative investments and short-term investments.
Protection Solutions ReservesEquals the aggregate value of Policyholders’ account balances and Future policy benefits for policies in our Protection Solutions segment.
ReinsuranceInsurance policies purchased by insurers to limit the total loss they would experience from an insurance claim.
Renewal premium and depositsPremiums and deposits after the first twelve months of the policy or contract.
Risk-based capital (“RBC”)Rules to determine insurance company statutory capital requirements. It is based on rules published by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”).
Total adjusted capital (“TAC”)Primarily consists of capital and surplus, and the asset valuation reserve.
Product Terms 
401(k)A tax-deferred retirement savings plan sponsored by an employer. 401(k) refers to the section of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) pursuant to which these plans are established.
403(b)A tax-deferred retirement savings plan available to certain employees of public schools and certain tax-exempt organizations. 403(b) refers to the section of the Code pursuant to which these plans are established.
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AffluentRefers to individuals with $250,000 to $999,999 of investable assets.
AnnuitantThe person who receives annuity payments or the person whose life expectancy determines the amount of variable annuity payments upon annuitization of an annuity to be paid for life.
AnnuitizationThe process of converting an annuity investment into a series of periodic income payments, generally for life.
Benefit baseA notional amount (not actual cash value) used to calculate the owner’s guaranteed benefits within an annuity contract. The death benefit and living benefit within the same contract may not have the same benefit base.
Cash surrender valueThe amount an insurance company pays (minus any surrender charge) to the policyholder when the contract or policy is voluntarily terminated prematurely.
Dollar-for-dollar withdrawalA method of calculating the reduction of a variable annuity benefit base after a withdrawal in which the benefit is reduced by one dollar for every dollar withdrawn.
EQUI-VEST Group (“EG”)A traditional variable deferred annuity without enhanced guaranteed benefits with single and ongoing premiums sold in the tax-exempt 403(b)/(457(b) markets.
EQUI-VEST Individual (“EI”)A traditional variable deferred annuity without enhanced guaranteed benefits sold in the individual market.
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits for the annuities business are comprised mainly of liabilities for life-contingent income annuities, and liabilities for the variable annuity guaranteed minimum benefits accounted for as insurance.

Future policy benefits for the life business are comprised mainly of liabilities for traditional life and certain liabilities for universal and variable life insurance contracts (other than the Policyholders’ account balance).
General Account Investment PortfolioThe invested assets held in the General Account.
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General AccountThe assets held in the general accounts of our insurance companies as well as assets held in our separate accountsSeparate Accounts on which we bear the investment risk.
GMxBA general reference to all forms of variable annuity guaranteed benefits, including guaranteed minimum living benefits, or GMLBs (such as GMIBs, GMWBs and GMABs), and guaranteed minimum death benefits, or GMDBs (inclusive of return of premium death benefit guarantees).
GMxB CoreRetirement Cornerstone and Accumulator sold 2011 and later.
GMxB LegacyFixed-rate GMxB business written prior to 2011.
Guaranteed income benefit (“GIB”)An optional benefit which provides the policyholder with a guaranteed lifetime annuity based on predetermined annuity purchase rates applied to a GIB benefit base, with annuitization automatically triggered if and when the contract AV falls to zero.
Guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”)An optional benefit (available for an additional cost) which entitles an annuitant to a minimum payment, typically in lump-sum, after a set period of time, typically referred to as the accumulation period. The minimum payment is based on the benefit base, which could be greater than the underlying AV.
Guaranteed minimum death
benefits (“GMDB”)
An optional benefit (available for an additional cost) that guarantees an annuitant’s beneficiaries are entitled to a minimum payment based on the benefit base, which could be greater than the underlying AV, upon the death of the annuitant.
Guaranteed minimum income benefits (“GMIB”)An optional benefit (available for an additional cost) where an annuitant is entitled to annuitize the policy and receive a minimum payment stream based on the benefit base, which could be greater than the underlying AV.
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Guaranteed minimum living
benefits (“GMLB”)
A reference to all forms of guaranteed minimum living benefits, including GMIBs, GMWBs and GMABs (does not include GMDBs).
Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”)An optional benefit (available for an additional cost) where an annuitant is entitled to withdraw a maximum amount of their benefit base each year, for which cumulative payments to the annuitant could be greater than the underlying AV.
Guaranteed Universal Life (“GUL”)A universal life insurance offering with a lifetime no lapse guarantee rider, otherwise known as a guaranteed UL policy. With a GUL policy, the premiums are guaranteed to last the life of the policy.
Guaranteed withdrawal benefit for life (“GWBL”)An optional benefit (available for an additional cost) where an annuitant is entitled to withdraw a maximum amount of their benefit base each year, for the duration of the policyholder’s life, regardless of account performance.
High net worthRefers to individuals with $1,000,000 or more of investable assets.
Investment Edge (“IE”)A traditional variable deferred annuity without enhanced guaranteed benefits.
Indexed Universal Life (“IUL”)A permanent life insurance offering built on a universal life insurance framework that uses an equity-linked approach for generating policy investment returns.
Investment Edge (“IE”)A traditional variable deferred annuity without enhanced guaranteed benefits that provides tax-efficient distribution.
Living benefitsOptional benefits (available at an additional cost) that guarantee that the policyholder will get back at least his original investment when the money is withdrawn.
Mortality and expense risk fee (“M&E fee”)A fee charged by insurance companies to compensate for the risk they take by issuing life insurance and variable annuity contracts.
Net flowsNet change in customer account balances in a period including, but not limited to, gross premiums, surrenders, withdrawals and benefits. It excludes investment performance, interest credited to customer accounts and policy charges.
Policyholder account balances
Annuities. Policyholder account balances are held for fixed deferred annuities, the fixed account portion of variable annuities and non-life contingent income annuities. Interest is credited to the policyholder’s account at interest rates we determine which are influenced by current market rates, subject to specified minimums.
 
Life Insurance Policies. Policyholder account balances are held for retained asset accounts, universal life policies and the fixed account of universal variable life insurance policies. Interest is credited to the policyholder’s account at interest rates we determine which are influenced by current market rates, subject to specified minimums.
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Return of premium (“ROP”) death benefitThis death benefit pays the greater of the account value at the time of a claim following the owner’s death or the total contributions to the contract (subject to adjustment for withdrawals). The charge for this benefit is usually included in the M&E fee that is deducted daily from the net assets in each variable investment option. We also refer to this death benefit as the Return of Principal death benefit.
RiderAn optional feature or benefit that a policyholder can purchase at an additional cost.
Separate AccountRefers to the separate account investment assets of our insurance subsidiaries excluding the assets held in those separate accountsSeparate Accounts on which we bear the investment risk.
Surrender chargeA fee paid by a contract owner for the early withdrawal of an amount that exceeds a specific percentage or for cancellation of the contract within a specified amount of time after purchase.
Surrender rateRepresents annualized surrenders and withdrawals as a percentage of average AV.
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Universal life (“UL”) productsLife insurance products that provide a death benefit in return for payment of specified annual policy charges that are generally related to specific costs, which may change over time. To the extent that the policyholder chooses to pay more than the charges required in any given year to keep the policy in-force, the excess premium will be placed into the AV of the policy and credited with a stated interest rate on a monthly basis.
Variable annuityA type of annuity that offers guaranteed periodic payments for a defined period of time or for life and gives purchasers the ability to invest in various markets though the underlying investment options, which may result in potentially higher, but variable, returns.
Variable Universal Life (“VUL”)Universal life products where the excess amount paid over policy charges can be directed by the policyholder into a variety of Separate Account investment options. In the Separate Account investment options, the policyholder bears the entire risk and returns of the investment results.
Whole Life (“WL”)A life insurance policy that is guaranteed to remain in-force for the policyholder’s lifetime, provided the required premiums are paid.

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ACRONYMS
“AB” or “AllianceBernstein” means AB Holding and ABLP
“AB Holding” means AllianceBernstein Holding L.P., a Delaware limited partnership
“AB Holding Units” means units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AB Holding
“AB Units” means units of limited partnership interests in ABLP
“ABLP” means AllianceBernstein L.P., a Delaware limited partnership and the operating partnership for the AB business
“AFS” means available-for-sale
“AOCI” means accumulated other comprehensive income
“ASC” means Accounting Standards Codification
“ASR” means accelerated share repurchase
“ASU” means Accounting Standards Update
AUM” means assets under management
“AUA” means assets under administration
“AV” means Account Value
AXA” means AXA S.A., a société anonyme organized under the laws of France, and formerly our controlling stockholder
“BPs” means basis points
“CDS” means credit default swaps
“CLO” means collateralized loan obligation
“COI” means cost of insurance
“COLI” means corporate owned life insurance
“Company” means Equitable Holdings, Inc. with its consolidated subsidiaries
“CS Life” means Corporate Solutions Life Reinsurance Company, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Holdings
“CS Life RE” means CS LifeVenerable Insurance and Annuity Company RE Company, an Arizona corporation and a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Holdings
“CSA” means credit support annex
“CTE” means conditional tail expectation
“DAC” means deferred policy acquisition costs
“DI” means disability income
“DOL” means U.S. Department of Labor
“DSC” means debt service coverage
DSI” means deferred sales inducement
EAFE” means European, Australasia, and Far East
“EB” means Employee Benefits
“EFS” means Equitable Financial Services, LLC, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Holdings
“EPS” means earnings per share
“EIMG” means Equitable Investment Management Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Holdings.
“EIM” means Equitable Investment Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Holdings.
“Equitable Advisors” means Equitable Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, our retail broker/dealer for our retirement and protection businesses and a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Holdings
“Equitable America” means Equitable Financial Life Insurance Company of America (f/k/a MONY Life Insurance Company of America), an Arizona corporation and a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Holdings
“Equitable Financial” means Equitable Financial Life Insurance Company, a New York corporation, a life insurance company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of EFS
“EQ AZ Life Re” means EQ AZ Life Re Company, an Arizona corporation and a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Holdings.
“ERISA” means Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
“ESG” means environmental, social and governance
“ETF” means exchange traded funds
“ETR” means effective tax rate
“Exchange Act” means Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
“FABN” means Funding Agreement Backed Notes Program
“FASB” means Financial Accounting Standards Board
“FHLB” means Federal Home Loan Bank
“FYP” means first year premium and deposits
“General Partner” means AllianceBernstein Corporation, a Delaware corporation and the general partner of AB Holding and ABLP
GUL” means guaranteed universal life
HFS” means held-for-sale
“Holdings” means Equitable Holdings, Inc.
“HTM” means held-to-maturity
IPO” means initial public offering
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ISDA Master Agreement” means International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreement
“IUL” means indexed universal life
“IUS” means Investments Under Surveillance
“LIBOR” means London Interbank Offered Rate
“LTV” means loan-to-value
“MD&A” means Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
“MRBs” means market risk benefits
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“MSO” means Market Stabilizer Option
“MTA” means Master Transaction Agreement
“NAIC” means National Association of Insurance Commissioners
“NAR” means net amount at risk
“NAV” means net asset value
“NLG” means no-lapse guarantee
“NYDFS” means New York State Department of Financial Services
“OCI” means other comprehensive income
“OTC” means over-the-counter
“PFBL” means profits followed by losses
“REIT” means real estate investment trusts
“SCB LLC” means Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC, a registered investment adviser and broker-dealer.
“SCS” means Structured Capital Strategies
“SEC” means U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
“Series A Preferred Stock” means Holdings’ Series A Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock
“Series B Preferred Stock” means Holdings’ Series B Fixed Rate Reset Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock
“Series C Preferred Stock” means Holdings’ Series C Fixed Rate Reset Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock
“SIO” means structured investment option
“SPE” means special purpose entity
“SVO” means Securities Valuation Office
“TDRs” means troubled debt restructurings
“TIPS” means treasury inflation-protected securities
“U.S. GAAP” means accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
“UL” means universal life
“ULSG” means universal life products with secondary guarantee
“USFL” means U.S. Financial Life Insurance Company
“Venerable” means Venerable Holdings, Inc.
“VIAC” means Venerable Insurance and Annuity Company
“VIE” means variable interest entity
“VISL” means variable interest-sensitive life
“VOE” means voting interest entity
“VUL” means variable universal life
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Equitable Holdings, Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: August 4, 20229, 2023EQUITABLE HOLDINGS, INC.
By:/s/ Robin M. Raju
 Name:Robin M. Raju
 Title:Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: August 4, 20229, 2023By:/s/ William Eckert
 Name:William Eckert
 Title:Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

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