Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017
OR
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission file number: 001-34962 

Zogenix, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 
Delaware20-5300780
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
  
5858 Horton Street, #455Suite 455
Emeryville, California
94608
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)
510-550-8300
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x  Yes    ¨  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “smaller reporting“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ¨Accelerated filer x
    
Non-accelerated filer 
¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company ¨
Emerging growth company¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ¨  Yes    x  No
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of November 3, 2016August 2, 2017 was 24,790,989.24,841,080.
 

ZOGENIX, INC.
FORM 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017
Table of Contents
 
 Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
   
Item 1
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:
 
   
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 (unaudited)
3
   
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)Loss for the threeThree and nine monthsSix Months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 20152016 (unaudited)
4
   
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine monthsSix Months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 20152016 (unaudited)
5
   
 
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
6
   
Item 2
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
1614
   
Item 3
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
2721
   
Item 4
Controls and Procedures
2721
  
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
   
Item 1
Legal Proceedings
2823
   
Item 1A
Risk Factors
2823
   
Item 2
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
3423
   
Item 3
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
3423
   
Item 4
Mine Safety Disclosures
3423
   
Item 5
Other Information
3423
   
Item 6
Exhibits
3524
Signatures
25

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Zogenix, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
(In Thousands)in thousands, except par value)
 
September 30,
2016		 December 31,
2015		June 30,
2017		 December 31,
2016
Assets      
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$109,866
 $155,349
$65,761
 $91,551
Restricted cash—
 10,002
Trade accounts receivable, net6,524
 1,396
Trade accounts receivable4,684
 12,577
Inventory9,412
 12,030
2,232
 7,047
Prepaid expenses and other current assets9,467
 5,518
6,137
 8,739
Current assets of discontinued operations6
 208
Total current assets135,275
 184,503
78,814
 119,914
Property and equipment, net8,358
 9,254
459
 1,710
Intangible assets102,500
 102,500
102,500
 102,500
Goodwill6,234
 6,234
6,234
 6,234
Other assets3,470
 3,331
1,995
 1,147
Total assets$255,837
 $305,822
$190,002
 $231,505
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity      
Current liabilities:      
Accounts payable$3,107
 $5,290
$1,791
 $4,549
Accrued expenses4,883
 4,617
9,551
 6,374
Accrued compensation2,690
 3,711
2,639
 3,652
Common stock warrant liabilities1,048
 6,196
69
 809
Long-term debt, current portion—
 6,321
Working capital advance note payable, net of discount of $3,493 and $3,733 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively3,507
 3,267
Current portion of long-term debt3,333
 —
Deferred revenue1,194
 945
—
 1,245
Current liabilities of discontinued operations1,203
 2,906
1,093
 414
Total current liabilities14,125
 29,986
21,983
 20,310
Long term debt21,845
 15,899
15,757
 18,824
Deferred revenue, less current portion4,986
 6,139
Contingent purchase consideration53,800
 51,000
Contingent consideration53,900
 52,800
Deferred income taxes17,425
 18,450
17,425
 17,425
Other long-term liabilities1,739
 1,588
1,455
 1,390
Stockholders’ equity:      
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015; 24,791 and 24,772 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively25
 25
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 24,839 and 24,813 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively25
 25
Additional paid-in capital563,623
 558,251
568,995
 565,954
Accumulated deficit(421,731) (375,516)(489,538) (445,223)
Total stockholders’ equity141,917
 182,760
79,482
 120,756
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$255,837
 $305,822
$190,002
 $231,505
See accompanying notes.notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Zogenix, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)Loss (Unaudited)
(In Thousands,in thousands, except Per Share Amounts)per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2016 2015
Revenue:       
Contract manufacturing revenue$6,345
 $8,860
 $17,537
 $19,044
Service and other product revenue225
 260
 327
 2,057
Total revenue6,570
 9,120
 17,864
 21,101
Operating expense:       
Cost of contract manufacturing6,391
 7,780
 16,256
 17,506
Royalty expense78
 106
 224
 249
Research and development10,076
 7,919
 28,447
 19,310
Selling, general and administrative6,538
 5,696
 19,506
 19,547
Change in fair value of contingent consideration200
 (300) 2,800
 (1,900)
Total operating expense23,283
 21,201
 67,233
 54,712
Loss from operations(16,713) (12,081) (49,369) (33,611)
Other income (expense):       
Interest expense, net(567) (718) (1,788) (2,259)
Loss on short-term investments—
 (5,485) —
 (5,485)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities(356) (296) 5,148
 (861)
Other (income) expense25
 103
 2
 (55)
Total other income (expense)(898) (6,396) 3,362
 (8,660)
Net loss from continuing operations before income taxes(17,611) (18,477) (46,007) (42,271)
Income tax benefit993
 5,496
 922
 12,428
Net loss from continuing operations(16,618) (12,981) (45,085) (29,843)
Discontinued operations:       
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations(379) (1,635) (1,130) 64,829
Net income (loss)$(16,997) $(14,616) $(46,215) $34,986
Net income (loss) per share, basic and diluted: (1)
       
Continuing operations$(0.67) $(0.57) $(1.82) $(1.47)
Discontinued operations$(0.02) $(0.07) $(0.05) $3.19
Total$(0.69) $(0.65) $(1.87) $1.72
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted24,791
 22,613
 24,780
 20,332
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)       
Net income (loss)$(16,997) $(14,616) $(46,215) $34,986
Other comprehensive income (loss):       
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities—
 (3,933) —
 (5,485)
Reclassification of other-than-temporary loss on available-for-sale securities included in net income (loss)—
 5,485
 —
 5,485
Comprehensive income (loss)$(16,997) $(13,064) $(46,215) $34,986
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Revenue:       
Contract manufacturing revenue$7,125
 $1,986
 $9,821
 $11,192
Service and other product revenue—
 102
 —
 102
Total revenue7,125
 2,088
 9,821
 11,294
Costs and expenses:       
Cost of contract manufacturing8,242
 2,136
 10,729
 10,011
Research and development14,850
 10,384
 28,191
 18,371
Selling, general and administrative5,502
 6,844
 12,056
 12,968
Impairment charges107
 —
 920
 —
Change in fair value of contingent consideration500
 1,300
 1,100
 2,600
Total costs and expenses29,201
 20,664
 52,996
 43,950
Loss from operations(22,076) (18,576) (43,175) (32,656)
Other income (expense):       
Interest expense, net(575) (623) (1,152) (1,221)
Change in fair value of common stock warrant liabilities153
 977
 740
 5,504
Other income (expense)29
 (15) 9
 (23)
Total other (expense) income(393) 339
 (403) 4,260
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes(22,469) (18,237) (43,578) (28,396)
Income tax benefit (expense)16
 (9) (1) (71)
Net loss from continuing operations(22,453) (18,246) (43,579) (28,467)
Net loss from discontinued operations(555) (582) (736) (751)
Net loss$(23,008) $(18,828) $(44,315) $(29,218)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted:       
Continuing operations$(0.90) $(0.74) $(1.76) $(1.15)
Discontinued operations$(0.03) $(0.02) $(0.03) $(0.03)
Total$(0.93) $(0.76) $(1.79) $(1.18)
        
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted24,822
 24,777
 24,817
 24,774
        
Comprehensive loss$(23,008) $(18,828) $(44,315) $(29,218)
1) The sum of net income (loss) per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.


See accompanying notes.notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Zogenix, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)in thousands)
 
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2015
Operating activities:   
Net income (loss)$(46,215) $34,986
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:   
Stock-based compensation5,203
 5,981
Depreciation and amortization966
 1,234
Amortization of debt issuance costs and non-cash interest charges954
 684
Accrued income taxes—
 3,535
Impairment loss on investments—
 5,485
Gain on sale of business—
 (89,099)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities(5,148) 861
Change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration2,800
 (1,900)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Trade accounts receivable(5,124) 4,918
Inventory2,633
 3,029
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(3,863) (2,299)
Other assets(139) 999
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(4,339) (11,605)
Deferred income taxes(1,025) —
Deferred rent(74) (26)
Deferred revenue(1,012) (7,635)
Net cash used by operating activities(54,383) (50,852)
Investing activities:   
Purchases of property and equipment(103) (214)
Proceeds from sale of business—
 80,926
Change in restricted cash from sale of business10,002
 (1,501)
Net cash provided by investing activities9,899
 79,211
Financing activities:   
Proceeds of long-term debt2,167
 —
Repayment of revolving credit facility—
 (1,450)
Principal payments on long-term debt(3,334) —
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options and warrants6
 1,435
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net162
 92,134
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(999) 92,119
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(45,483) 120,478
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period155,349
 42,205
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$109,866
 $162,683
    
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2017 2016
Operating activities:   
Net loss$(44,315) $(29,218)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:   
Stock-based compensation2,804
 3,262
Depreciation and amortization366
 694
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount506
 677
Inventory write-down2,232
 —
Asset impairment charges920
 —
Change in fair value of common stock warrant liabilities(740) (5,504)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration1,100
 2,600
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Trade accounts receivable7,893
 (712)
Inventory2,583
 186
Prepaid expenses and other current assets2,602
 (2,138)
Other assets(848) (1,172)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities150
 (3,911)
Deferred revenue(1,245) (1,193)
Net cash used in operating activities(25,992) (36,429)
Investing activities:   
Purchases of property and equipment(35) (99)
Change in restricted cash related to a previous divestiture—
 10,002
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(35) 9,903
Financing activities:   
Proceeds from term loan—
 2,167
Principal payments on term loan obligation—
 (3,334)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock plans237
 141
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities237
 (1,026)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(25,790) (27,552)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period91,551
 155,349
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period$65,761
 $127,797
    
See accompanying notes.notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Zogenix, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
 
1.Organization and Basis of Presentation
Note 1 – Organization, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern
Organization
Zogenix, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the Company)“Company”) is a pharmaceutical company committed to developing and commercializing central nervous system (CNS) therapies that address specific clinical needstherapies. The Company’s current primary area of focus is orphan or rare childhood-onset epilepsy disorders and its lead product candidate is ZX008. ZX008 is currently being developed for people livingthe treatment of seizures associated with orphanDravet syndrome and other CNS disorders who need innovative treatment alternatives to help them improve their daily functioning. The Company's activities are focused on development of two product candidates, ZX008 and Relday, as well as performingLennox-Gastaut Syndrome, or LGS. In addition, the Company performed contract manufacturing services in accordance withunder a supply agreement through April 2017 (see Note 5). The Company operates in conjunction with one business segment—the saleresearch, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products and its Sumavel DosePro businessheadquarters are located in 2014.Emeryville, California.
TheIn April 2015, the Company divested its Zohydro ER® business on April 24, 2015 (see Note 4).business. Zohydro ER activity has been excluded from continuing operations for all periods herein and reported as discontinued operations as a resultoperations.
Basis of the sale.
On July 1, 2015, the Company effected a 1-for-8 reverse stock split of its common stock and changed its authorized shares of common stock to 50,000,000 shares. All historical per share information presented herein has been adjusted to reflect the effect of the reverse stock split and change to the authorized shares of common stock.
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Financial Statement Preparation and Use of EstimatesPresentation
The unauditedaccompanying condensed consolidated financial statements containedinclude the accounts of Zogenix, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Qconsolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company accordingpursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and, therefore, certain information and disclosures normally included in(the “SEC”) for interim financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have been omitted.
reporting. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods presented reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary to fairly state thefor fair financial position,statement presentation. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for any future period. Certain information and cash flows. Thesefootnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. Accordingly, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the auditedconsolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company'sCompany’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, each2016 as filed with the SEC.SEC on March 9, 2017.
Going Concern
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern. Such assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
Excluding gains from two discrete business divestitures, the Company has incurred recurring net losses and continuing negative cash flows from its operations resulting in an accumulated deficit of $489.5 million as of June 30, 2017. At June 30, 2017, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $65.8 million. Management anticipates further operating losses and negative cash flows from operations for at least the next year as the Company continues to incur costs related to its ongoing Phase 3 clinical trials of ZX008 in North America and the European Union (EU) in Dravet syndrome as well as the planned commencement of a Phase 3 clinical trial in LGS in the second half of 2017. Additionally, upon acceptance of the Company’s regulatory submissions for ZX008 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA), if at all, each a milestone event, the Company will owe milestone payments under an existing agreement in connection with the Company’s prior acquisition of ZX008. Based on the Company’s current operating plans, management believes that the Company’s existing cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient to meet the Company's anticipated operating needs beyond the first half of 2018. As a result, management has concluded there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise additional funding. Management intends to raise additional capital through public or private equity or debt financings and potentially through collaboration, licensing or other similar arrangements. However, the Company may not be able to secure such financing in a timely manner or on favorable terms, if at all. Furthermore, if the Company issues equity or debt securities to raise additional funds, its existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of the Company’s existing stockholders. If the Company raises additional funds through collaboration, licensing or other similar arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to its potential products or proprietary technologies, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to the Company. Without additional funds, the Company may be forced to delay, scale back or eliminate some of its research and development activities, or other operations

and potentially delay product development in an effort to provide sufficient funds to continue its operations. If any of these events occur, the Company’s ability to achieve the development and commercialization goals could be adversely affected.
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
PrinciplesAccounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
Accounting Standards Updated (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting changes how companies account for certain aspects of Consolidationstock-based awards to employees. Under the guidance, entities will no longer record excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies in additional paid-in capital. Instead, they will record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. In addition, entities will recognize excess tax benefits regardless of whether the benefit reduces taxes payable in the current period. Under current guidance, excess tax benefits are not recognized until the deduction reduces taxes payable. Further, the new guidance allows entities to make an accounting policy election to either estimate forfeitures or recognize forfeitures as they occur. If an election is made, the change to recognize forfeitures as they occur must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment recorded to retained earnings or accumulated deficit. 
The unauditedCompany adopted ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017. Upon adoption, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset of $0.2 million for previously unrecognized excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, which was fully offset by an equal increase to its valuation allowance resulting in no impact to opening accumulated deficit. In addition and as provided for under this guidance, the Company made an accounting policy election to recognize forfeitures as they occur. The adoption of this aspect of the guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory simplifies current accounting treatments by requiring entities to measure most inventories at “the lower of cost and net realizable value” rather than using lower of cost or market. This guidance does not apply to inventories measured using the last-in, first-out method or the retail inventory method. The Company adopted ASU 2015-11 on January 1, 2017. The adoption of this new guidance did not have any impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Effective
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and subsequent amendments to the initial guidance (collectively, “Topic 606”) will replace all current GAAP guidance on this topic and eliminate all industry-specific guidance. The new revenue recognition standard provides a unified model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle of Topic 606 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. Topic 606 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing GAAP, including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation, among others. This guidance will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (the modified retrospective method). The Company plans to adopt this guidance as of January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. The Company currently generates all its revenue from a manufacturing and supply agreement (the “supply agreement”) with Endo International Plc (“Endo”) which the Company expects will be terminated before January 1, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements includeand disclosures, including taking into account the accountsanticipated termination of Zogenix, Inc.this supply agreement. The Company will continue to monitor any new contracts it enters into with customers for evaluation under ASU 2014-09.
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) requires lessees to recognize the lease assets and lease liabilities that arise from both capital and operating leases with lease terms of more than 12 months and to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about lease transactions. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the timing and impact of adopting this new accounting standard on its wholly owned subsidiary Zogenix Europe Limited (Zogenix Europe),condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Under the amendments in ASU 2017-04, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which was incorporated under the lawscarrying amount of Englanda reporting unit exceeds its fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The updated guidance requires a prospective adoption. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the timing and Wales in June 2010. All intercompany transactionsimpact of adopting this new accounting standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements and investments have been eliminated in consolidation. Zogenix Europe's functional currency is the U.S. dollar which is the reporting currencyrelated disclosures.

Note 3 – Inventory
Inventory consists of the Company.following (in thousands):
Restricted Cash
 June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Raw materials$2,232
 $4,397
Work in process—
 2,650
Total$2,232
 $7,047
The Company had restricted cash in escrow asacquires raw materials needed to manufacture Sumavel DosePro under the Endo supply agreement. Based on negotiations to date with Endo (see Note 5), the Company recorded a $2.2 million reduction to inventory during the second quarter of December 31, 20152017 to fund potential indemnification claims for 12 months from the closing datereflect its current net realizable value. The reduction to inventory was recorded within cost of its sale of the Zohydro ER business in April 2015. The Company received the full amount from escrow in April 2016. The Company classifies this cash flow as investing activities incontract manufacturing on the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows as the source of the restricted cash was related to the sale of the Zohydro ER business.operations and comprehensive loss.
Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements
The carrying amount of the Company’s financial instruments, consisting ofincluding cash restrictedand cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued compensation included inand the current liabilities of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable estimates ofdiscontinued operations approximate their fair value due to their short maturities. Based onThe carrying amount of the borrowing rates currently available toCompany’s Term Loan approximates fair value, considering level 2 inputs, because it has a variable interest rate. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company for loans with similar terms, management believes theestimated fair value of long-term debt approximatesthe Company’s working capital advance note payable approximated its carrying value.face amount, considering level 2 inputs, due to its impending maturity upon finalization of the termination of the supply agreement with Endo (see Note 5).
Authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
 

Level 1:Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2:Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3:Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
The Company classifies itsfair value of cash equivalents withinwas determined based on Level 1 inputs utilizing quoted prices in active markets. The fair value of the fair value hierarchy because it values its cash equivalents using quoted market prices. The Company classifies itsCompany’s common stock warrant liabilities and contingent purchase consideration withinliabilities were determined based on Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valuedinputs using valuation models with significant unobservable inputs. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015 are2016 were as follows (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date UsingFair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Total
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Total
September 30, 2016       
June 30, 2017       
Assets              
Cash equivalents(1)
$108,191
 —
 —
 $108,191
$63,003
 $—
 $—
 $63,003
Liabilities              
Common stock warrant liabilities(2)
$—
 —
 1,048
 $1,048
$—
 $—
 $69
 $69
Contingent purchase consideration (3)
$—
 —
 53,800
 $53,800
December 31, 2015       
Contingent consideration liabilities(3)
$—
 $—
 $53,900
 $53,900
December 31, 2016       
Assets              
Cash equivalents(1)
$148,588
 —
 —
 $148,588
$87,792
 $—
 $—
 $87,792
Liabilities              
Common stock warrant liabilities(2)
$—
 —
 6,196
 $6,196
$—
 $—
 $809
 $809
Contingent purchase consideration (3)
$—
 —
 51,000
 $51,000
Contingent consideration liabilities(3)
$—
 $—
 $52,800
 $52,800
(1)Cash equivalents are comprised of money market fund shares and are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Common stock warrant liabilities were incurred in connection withRepresents the Company's July 2012 public offeringfair value of common stock and warrants and with the financing agreement (the Healthcare Royalty financing agreement) entered into with Healthcare Royalty Partners (Healthcare Royalty) (see Note 6), which are measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing valuation model.outstanding that may require cash settlement under certain circumstances. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing valuation model for both common stock warrant liabilities were: (a) a risk-free interest rate based on the rates for U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to those of the remaining contractual term of the warrants; (b) an assumed dividend yield of zero based on the Company’s expectation that it will not pay dividends in the foreseeable future; (c) an expected term based on the remaining contractual term of the warrants; and (d) expected volatility based upon the Company's historical volatility. The significant unobservable input used in measuringCompany estimated the fair value of the warrant liabilities using the Black-Scholes valuation model. As of December 31, 2016, common stock warrant liabilities associatedwere primarily attributable to warrants sold as part of the Company’s July 2012 public offering. The warrants were exercisable into 1,901,918 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share and had a contractual term of 5 years from the issuance date. In July 2017, these warrants expired unexercised. As of June 30, 2017, common stock warrant liabilities relate to warrants issued in July 2011 in connection with a debt financing arrangement. The warrants entitle the Healthcare Royalty financing agreementholder to purchase up to 28,125 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $72.00 per share. The warrants will expire in July 2021.
(3)In connection with certain acquisition, the Company may be required to pay future consideration that is contingent upon the expected volatility. Significant increases in volatility would result in a higher fair value measurement.achievement of specified development, regulatory approval or sales-based milestone events. The following additional assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes option pricing valuation model to measureCompany estimated the fair value of the warrants sold incontingent consideration liabilities on the July 2012 public offering: (a) management's projections regardingacquisition date using a probability-weighted income approach, which reflects the probability and timing of future payments. This fair value measurement is based on significant Level 3 inputs such as the anticipated timelines and probability of achieving development, regulatory approval or sales-based milestone events and projected revenues. The resulting probability-weighted cash flows are discounted at risk-adjusted rates. Subsequent to the acquisition date, at each reporting period prior to settlement, the Company revalues these liabilities by performing a review of the occurrence of an extraordinary eventassumptions listed above and the timing of such event; and for the valuation scenariorecord increases or decreases in which an extraordinary event occurs that is not an all cash transaction or an event whereby a public acquirer would assume the warrants, and (b) an expected volatility rate using the Company's historical volatility through the projected date of public announcement of an extraordinary transaction, blended with a rate equal to the lesser of 40% and the 180-day volatility rate obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg as of the trading day immediately following the public announcement of an extraordinary transaction. The significant unobservable inputs used in measuring the fair value of these contingent consideration liabilities. In the common stock warrantabsence of any significant changes in key assumptions, the quarterly determination of fair values of these contingent consideration liabilities associated withwould primarily reflect the July 2012 public offering are the expected volatilitypassage of time. Significant judgment is used in determining Level 3 inputs and the probabilityfair value measurements as of the occurrenceacquisition date and for each subsequent reporting period. Updates to assumptions could have a significant impact on the Company’s results of an extraordinary event. Significant increasesoperations in volatility would result in a higher fair value measurementany given period and actual results may differ from estimates. For example, significant increases in the probability of an extraordinary event occurringachieving a milestone or projected revenues would result in a significantly higher fair value measurement while significant decreases in the estimated probability of achieving a milestone or projected revenues would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. The changeSignificant increases in the discount rate or in the anticipated timelines would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement while significant decreases in the discount rate or anticipated timelines would result in a significantly higher fair value measurement. The potential contingent consideration payments required upon achievement of development, regulatory approval and sales-based milestones related to the Company’s acquisition of ZX008 range from zero if none of the common stockmilestones are achieved to a maximum of $95.0 million (undiscounted).
There were no transfers between levels during the periods presented.

warrant liabilities as of September 30, 2016 was primarily driven by the decrease in the market price of the Company's common shares at September 30, 2016 as compared against the December 31, 2015 measurement date.
(3)Contingent purchase consideration was measured at fair value using the income approach based on significant unobservable inputs including management's estimates of the probabilities of achieving specific net sales levels and development milestones and appropriate risk adjusted discount rates. Significant changes of either unobservable input could have a significant effect on the calculation of fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liability.
The following table provides a reconciliation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the ninethree and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):
 Contingent Purchase Consideration 
Common
Stock
Warrant
Liabilities
Balance at December 31, 2015$51,000
 $6,196
Changes in fair value2,800
 (5,148)
Balance at September 30, 2016$53,800
 $1,048
 
March 31,
2017		 Change in Fair Value June 30,
2017		 March 31, 2016 Change in Fair Value June 30,
2016
Contingent consideration liabilities$53,400
 $500
 $53,900
 $52,300
 $1,300
 $53,600
Common stock warrant liabilities222
 (153) 69
 1,669
 (977) 692
 

December 31,
2016
 Change in Fair Value June 30,
2017		 
December 31,
2015		 Change in Fair Value June 30,
2016
Contingent consideration liabilities$52,800
 $1,100
 $53,900
 $51,000
 $2,600
 $53,600
Common stock warrant liabilities809
 (740) 69
 6,196
 (5,504) 692
The changes in fair value of the liabilities shown in the table above are recorded through change in fair value of contingent consideration inliabilities within operating expense and the change in fair value of common stock warrant liabilities inwithin other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operationsoperations.

Note 5 – Contract Manufacturing Agreement with Endo and comprehensive income (loss).Associated Exit Activities
Net Income (Loss) per Share
Basic and diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividingAs part of the net income (loss) bydivestiture of the weighted average number of common shares outstandingCompany’s Sumavel DosePro business to Endo in May 2014, the Company entered into a supply agreement with Endo for the period without considerationexclusive right, and contractual obligation, to manufacture and supply Sumavel DosePro to Endo for common stock equivalents. Common stock equivalents that could potentially reduce net earnings per common sharean initial term of eight years. To support the Company’s Sumavel DosePro manufacturing operations, Endo provided the Company with an interest-free working capital advance of $7.0 million under a promissory note (see Note 6). The working capital advance matures upon termination of the supply agreement.
In January 2017, the Company and Endo entered into a letter agreement acknowledging Endo’s decision to have the Company discontinue the manufacturing and supply of the Sumavel DosePro product while the parties finalize termination of the supply agreement. The termination of the manufacturing and supply agreement with Endo has not been finalized. In April 2017, the Company completed fulfillment of the remaining open orders from Endo and all remaining deferred revenue associated with the supply agreement was recognized. The Company currently has no further obligation to supply Endo with additional Sumavel DosePro.
The Company is also in the future that were notprocess of negotiating the termination of manufacturing and supply agreements for the production of Sumavel DosePro with its third-party suppliers. As of June 30, 2017, other than certain asset retirement obligations totaling $0.6 million included in current liabilities in the determinationcondensed consolidated balance sheets, no amounts were owed to these third-party suppliers under the existing terms of dilutedthese manufacturing and supply agreements. The Company may incur additional costs when the termination of these agreements with its third-party suppliers are finalized. These costs would be subject to reimbursement from Endo when the termination of the supply agreement is finalized and would not be significant to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company performed an analysis to estimate cash flows from property and equipment used in the production of Sumavel DosePro. Based on this analysis, the Company determined its fair value exceeded the carrying value by $6.4 million and recognized an impairment charge for long-lived assets. In the first quarter of 2017, the Company recorded an additional asset impairment charge of $0.8 million for long-lived manufacturing assets associated with the production of Sumavel DosePro. Based on recent negotiations with Endo for the final reimbursement of costs incurred under the supply agreement, the Company recorded a $2.2 million reduction to inventory during the second quarter of 2017 to reflect its current net income (loss) per common share as their effects were antidilutiverealizable value.

Note 6 – Debt Obligations
Term Loan
Scheduled maturities of the term loan are as follows (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2016 2015
Options to purchase common stock2
 1,786
 2
 1,786
Restricted stock units not yet vested and released104
 —
 104
 —
Total106
 1,786
 106
 1,786
2017 (remaining 6 months)$—
20188,000
20198,000
20204,000
Principal balance outstanding20,000
Less: unamortized debt discount and issuance costs(910)
Net carrying value of debt19,090
Less: current portion(3,333)
Long-term debt$15,757
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)In December 2014, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Oxford Finance LLC (“Oxford”) and Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) (collectively, the “Lenders”), under which the Company borrowed a $20.0 million term loan. In addition, the Loan Agreement provided for a revolving credit facility of up to $4.0 million. The obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured by liens on the Company’s personal property and the Company has agreed to not encumber any of its intellectual property. The Loan Agreement includes a material adverse change clause, which enables the Lenders to require immediate repayment of the outstanding debt if certain subjective acceleration provisions are triggered. The material adverse change clause covers provisions including a material impairment of underlying collateral, change in business operations or condition or material impairment of the Company’s prospects for repayment of any portion of the remaining debt obligation. To date, the Company has not received any notification from the Lenders that it is not in compliance with this clause.
In connection with the Loan Agreement, the Lenders were issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 63,559 shares of the Company’s common stock at a per share exercise price of $9.44. The warrants are exercisable for 10 years. At the time of issuance, the fair value of the warrants was estimated to be $0.6 million using the Black-Scholes valuation model and was recorded at issuance as debt discount to the term loan with a corresponding increase to additional paid in capital in the consolidated balance sheet.
The Company received sharesterm loan bore interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of Pernix Therapeutics Holdings, Inc. common stock received as partial consideration for(i) 8.75% or (ii) the sum of the prevailing prime rate (as reported by the Wall Street Journal) plus 5.25%. Payments under the loan were interest-only until January 1, 2016, followed by equal monthly payments of principal and interest through the scheduled maturity date of December 1, 2018.
On April 23, 2015, in connection with the sale of the Zohydro ER business, in April 2015. The Company liquidated all of these investments during the fourth quarter of 2015.
Management classifies short-term investments as available-for-sale when acquired and evaluated such classification as of each balance sheet date. Short-term investments are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity. The Company evaluates its short-term investments to assess whether any unrealized loss position is other than temporarily impaired. Impairment is considered to be other than temporary if it is likely that the Company intended to sell the investments before the recovery of the cost basis. The Company recorded impairment charges of $5,485,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.
Realized gains, losses, and declines in value judged to be other than temporary were reported in other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill
has an indefinite useful life and is not amortized, but instead tested for impairment annually. Intangible assets consist of in-process research and development with an indefinite useful life that is not amortized, but instead tested for impairment until the successful completion and commercialization or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts, at which point the in-process research and development asset is either amortized over its estimated useful life or written-off immediately.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue from contract manufacturing, service fees earned on collaborative arrangements and the sale of Sumavel DosePro prior to its sale in May 2014. The Company also recognizes revenue from the sale of Zohydro ER, which is included in net loss from discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Revenue is recognized when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred and title has passed, (iii) the price is fixed or determinable and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue from sales transactions where the buyer has the right to return the product is recognized at the time of sale only if (a) the Company’s price to the buyer is substantially fixed or determinable at the date of sale, (b) the buyer has paid the Company, or the buyer is obligated to pay the Company and the obligation is not contingent on resale of the product, (c) the buyer’s obligationLenders entered into an amendment to the Company would not be changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage of the product, (d) the buyer acquiring the product for resale has economic substance apart from that provided by the Company, (e) the Company does not have significant obligations for future performance to directly bring about resale of the product by the buyer, and (f) the amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated. The Company deferred recognition of revenue on product shipments of Zohydro ER until the right of return no longer exists, as the Company was not able to reliably estimate expected returns of the product at the time of shipment given the limited sales history of Zohydro ER.
Revenue arrangements with multiple elements are divided into separate units of accounting if certain criteria are met, including whether the delivered element has stand-alone value to the customer. The consideration received is allocated among the separate units based on their respective fair values, and the applicable revenue recognition criteria are applied to each of the separate units. The application of the multiple element guidance requires subjective determinations, and requires the Company to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separable from the other aspects of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (1) the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis and (2) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in the Company's control. In determining the units of accounting, the Company evaluates certain criteria, including whether the deliverables have stand-alone value, basedLoan Agreement, which terminated all encumbrances on the consideration of the relevant facts and circumstances for each arrangement. In addition, the Company considers whether the buyer can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can provide the undelivered element(s).
Arrangement consideration that is fixed or determinable is allocated among the separate units of accounting using the relative selling price method, and the applicable revenue recognition criteria, as described above, are applied to each of the separate units of accounting in determining the appropriate period or pattern of recognition. The Company determines the estimated selling price for deliverables within each agreement using vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) of selling price, if available, third-party evidence (TPE) of selling price if VSOE is not available, or management's best estimate of selling price (BESP) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. Determining the BESP for a unit of accounting requires significant judgment. In developing the BESP for a unit of accounting, the Company considers applicable market conditions and relevant entity-specific factors, including factors that were contemplated in negotiating the agreement with the customer and estimated costs.
Contract Manufacturing Revenue
The Company and Endo entered into a supply agreement in connection with the sale of the Sumavel DosePro business to Endo in May 2014. Under the terms of the supply agreement, the Company retains the sole and exclusive right and the obligation to manufacture or supply Sumavel DosePro to Endo. The Company recognizes deferred revenueCompany’s personal property related to its supply of Sumavel DosePro as contract manufacturing revenue when earned on a "proportional performance" basis as product is delivered. The Company recognizes revenue related to its sale of Sumavel DosePro product, equal to the cost of contract manufacturing plus a low single-digit mark-up, upon the transfer of title to Endo. The Company supplies Sumavel DosePro product based on non-cancellable purchase orders. The Company initially defers revenue for any consideration received in advance of services being performed and product being delivered, and recognizes revenue pursuant to the related pattern of performance, based on total product delivered relative to the total estimated product delivery over the minimum eight-year term of the supply agreement ending in May 2022. The Company continually evaluates the performance period and adjusts the period of revenue recognition if circumstances change. The Company recognized $(200,000) and $600,000 of contract manufacturing revenue in continuing operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively,

based on changes in estimated product to be delivered during the remaining term of the supply agreement. The effect of the changes in estimated future product delivery increased both total net loss per share from continuing operations and net loss per share by $0.01 for the three months ended September 30, 2016, and decreased both total net loss per share from continuing operations and net loss per share by $0.02 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
In addition, the Company reports revenue as gross when the Company acts as a principal versus reporting revenue as net when the Company acts as an agent. For transactions in which the Company acts as a principal, has discretion to choose suppliers, bears credit risk and performs a substantive part of the services, revenue is recorded at the gross amount billed to a customer and costs associated with these reimbursements are reflected as a component of cost of sales for contract manufacturing services.
Product Revenue, Net
The Company sold Sumavel DosePro through May 2014, and sold Zohydro ER through April 2015, in the United States to wholesale pharmaceutical distributors and retail pharmacies, or collectively the Company's customers, subject to rights of return within a period beginning six months prior to, and ending 12 months following, product expiration. The Company recognized Sumavel DosePro product sales at the time title transferred to its customer, and reduced product sales for estimated future product returns and sales allowances in the same period the related revenue was recognized. The Company is responsible for all returns of Sumavel DosePro product distributed by the Company prior to the sale of the Sumavel DosePro business up to a maximum per unit amount as specified in the sales agreement.
Given the limited sales history of Zohydro ER, the Company was not able to reliably estimate expected returns of the product at the time of shipment. Accordingly, the Company deferred recognition of revenue on Zohydro ER product shipments until the right of return no longer exists, which occurs at the earlier of the time Zohydro ER is dispensed through patient prescriptions or expiration of the right of return. The Company estimates Zohydro ER patient prescriptions dispensed using an analysis of third-party syndicated data. Zohydro ER was launched in March 2014 and, accordingly, the Company did not have a significant history estimating the number of patient prescriptions dispensed. If the Company underestimated or overestimated patient prescriptions dispensed for a given period, adjustments to revenue from discontinued operations may be necessary in future periods. The deferred revenue balance does not have a direct correlation with future revenue recognition as the Company records sales deductions at the time the prescription unit was dispensed. In addition, the costs of Zohydro ER associated with the deferred revenue were recorded as deferred costs, which were included in inventory, until such time the related deferred revenue is recognized. The Company is responsible for returns for product sold prior to the sale of the business on April 24, 2015 and was responsible for rebates, chargebacks, and related fees for product sold until July 8, 2015 per terms of the asset purchase agreement (the Asset Purchase Agreement) the Company entered into with Pernix Ireland Limited and Pernix Therapeutics (collectively, Pernix). Revenue for Zohydro ER is included in discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Segment Reporting
Management has determined that the Company operates in one business segment, which is the development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new accounting guidance related to revenue recognition, and in April 2016 and May 2016 the FASB issued additional guidance related to revenue recognition. These new standards will replace all current GAAP guidance on this topic and eliminate all industry-specific guidance. The new revenue recognition standard provides a unified model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, and can be applied either retrospectively to each period presented or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. Early adoption of the guidance is permitted on the original effective date of fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is evaluating the transition method, timing and impact of adopting these new accounting standards on its financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2014, the FASB issued new accounting guidance which requires management to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and provide related footnote disclosures. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The

Company does not expect that the adoption of the guidance will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance by requiring lessees to recognize the lease assets and lease liabilities that arise from both capital and operating leases with lease terms of more than 12 months and to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about lease transactions. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the timing and impact of adopting this new accounting standard on its financial statements and related disclosures.
In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance to revise accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, including the income tax impact and classification on the statement of cash flows.  The standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued guidance to clarify the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice related to specific cash flow issues. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

3.Inventory
Inventory consists of the following (in thousands):
 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015
Raw materials$4,407
 $3,775
Work in process5,005
 8,255
Total$9,412
 $12,030

4.Discontinued operations

On March 10, 2015, the Company entered into the Asset Purchase Agreement whereby the Company agreed to sell its Zohydro ER business to Pernix, and on April 24, 2015, the Company completed the sale to Ferrimill Limited, a subsidiary of Pernix, as a substitute purchaser.
As a result of the Company's strategic decision to sell the Zohydro ER business and focus on clinical development of ZX008 and Relday, the financial results from the Zohydro ER business and the related assets and liabilities have been presented as discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The results of operations from discontinued operations presented below include certain allocations that management believes fairly reflect the utilization of services provided to the Zohydro ER business. The allocations do not include amounts related to general corporate administrative expenses or interest expense, and therefore the results of operations from the Zohydro ER business do not necessarily reflect what the results of operations would have been had the business operated as a stand-alone entity.
The following table summarizes the results of discontinued operations for the periods presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2016 2015
Revenues:       
   Net product revenue$(53) $1,280
 $238
 $10,459
        
Operating expense:       
   Cost of product sold—
 182
 15
 2,134
   Royalty expense—
 77
 17
 785
   Research and development—
 (232) —
 5,596
   Selling, general and administrative414
 472
 1,424
 14,706
Restructuring expense—
 20
 —
 588
(Gain) on sale of business—
 (46) —
 (89,099)
Total operating (income) expense414
 473
 1,456
 (65,290)
Other income—
 78
 —
 5,078
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations before tax(467) 885
 (1,218) 80,827
Income tax benefit (expense)88
 (2,520) 88
 (15,998)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations$(379) $(1,635) $(1,130) $64,829

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities of discontinued operations as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 related to the Zohydro ER business (in thousands):
 September 30,
2016		 December 31,
2015
Assets
Current assets   
   Prepaid expenses and other current assets$6
 $208
   Total current assets of discontinued operations6
 208
Total assets of discontinued operations$6
 $208
Liabilities
Current liabilities   
   Accounts payable$334
 $—
   Accrued expenses869
 2,796
   Deferred revenue and other current liabilities—
 110
   Total current liabilities of discontinued operations1,203
 2,906
   Total liabilities of discontinued operations$1,203
 $2,906
There was no stock-based compensation or amortization expense related to discontinued operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Total stock-based compensation expense related to discontinued operations was $905,000 and total amortization expense related to discontinued operations was $166,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

5.Amendment of Loan and Security Agreement
On June 17, 2016, the Company entered into a second amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to modifythe Loan Agreement with the Lenders. The Second Amendment modified the loan and security agreement with Oxford Finance LLC and Silicon Valley Bank dated as of December 30, 2014. Significantrepayment terms of the modification included:
providing the Company with additional term loans in net aggregate principal amount of $3,333,334;

amending the original repayment schedule of the term loans such that the Company is required to makebe interest-only payments untilfrom July 1, 2016 to February 1, 2018, thenfollowed by equal monthly payments of principal plusand interest will be made through thea new maturity date of the term loans on July 1, 2020;
amending2020. Under the terms of the Second Amendment, the interest rate such thatapplicable to the term loans bearloan bears interest at an annual rate equal to eitherthe greater of (i) 7.00% or (ii) the sum of (a) the “prime rate”prevailing prime rate (as reported inby the Wall Street Journal onJournal) plus 3.25%. In addition, the date occurring on the last business day of the month that immediately precedes the month in which the interest will accrue, plus (b) 3.25%, whichever is greater;
removingSecond Amendment terminated the revolving line of credit facility previously available under the original loanLoan Agreement. In connection with the Second Amendment, the Company paid (i) the end of term fee of $1.0 million due under the Loan Agreement as a result of entering into the Second Amendment and security agreement;(ii) the end of term fee of $0.1 million with respect to the termination of the revolving credit facility. The Second Amendment also includes an end of term fee of $1.4 million payable on July 1, 2020, or upon early repayment of the term loan. An early repayment will be subject to a prepayment penalty of $0.2 million.
removing an affirmative covenant requiringThe Loan Agreement required the Company to maintainestablish a liquidity ratiocontrolled deposit account with SVB containing at least 85% of 1.25 to 1 through the Company’s receipt of positive data from placebo-controlled trialsaccount balances at all financial institutions which can be utilized by the Lenders to satisfy the obligations in the United States and European Unionevent of ZX008; and
amending a covenant to now permitdefault. The Second Amendment permitted the Company to maintain collateral account balances exceeding the greater of (i) $50,000,000,$50.0 million, or (ii) 50% of the Company’s total collateral account balances (other than specifically excluded accounts), with financial institutions other than the lenders;Lenders; provided that, if the Company’s total collateral account balances are below $50,000,000,$50.0 million, all such balances will be maintained with the lenders.
In connection with second amendment,Lenders. Other affirmative covenants include, among others, requiring the Company paid (i) a final payment of $1,000,000 with respect to the existing term loans, previously duemaintain legal existence and governmental approvals, deliver certain financial reports, maintain insurance coverage and satisfy certain requirements regarding accounts receivable. Negative covenants include, among others, restrictions on the earlier to occur of the maturity date of the original loantransferring collateral, incurring additional indebtedness, engaging in mergers or acquisitions,

paying dividends or making other distributions, making investments, creating liens, selling assets and security agreement or early repayment of the term loans; (ii) an amendment fee of $25,000 with respect to a previous loan amendment; and (iii) revolving line commitment fees of $64,000 due relative to the termination of the revolving line of credit. Furthermore, the Company agreed to make a final payment of $1,350,000 on the earlier of the maturity date of the amended loan and security agreement or early repayment of the term loans, and to pay a termination fee of $200,000 on the earlier to occurconsummation of a change in control, orin each case subject to certain exceptions. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
Working Capital Advance Note Payable
In connection with entering into the earlysupply agreement for Sumavel DosePro with Endo, Endo provided the Company with an interest-free working capital advance of $7.0 million, which is evidenced by a promissory note. The note payable is secured by a lien on the Company’s Sumavel DosePro raw materials and work in process inventory. There are no covenants related to this working capital advance. The note payable was initially recorded on the balance sheet net of a $4.7 million debt discount. The debt discount is being amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the supply agreement’s initial term of eight years as the note payable matures upon termination of the loanrelated supply agreement.
As a result of the negotiations regarding the termination of the supply agreement (see Note 5), the note payable has been classified as a current liability as of June 30, 2017 and security agreement.December 31, 2016 because the extinguishment of the liability is reasonably expected to require the use of existing current assets, including cash and the underlying collateral of Sumavel DosePro inventory. As of June 30, 2017, the carrying value of the note payable of $3.5 million was presented net of unamortized debt discount. Upon maturity, the face amount of the note payable of $7.0 million will be due and payable.

6.Common Stock Warrant Liability
In July 2012,
Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has adopted certain equity incentive and stock purchase plans as described in connection with a public offering of common stockthe consolidated financial statements and warrants, the Company sold warrants to purchase 1,973,025 shares of common stock and at September 30, 2016, warrants to purchase 1,901,918 shares of common stock are outstanding. The warrants are exercisable at an exercise price of $20.00 per share and will expire on July 27, 2017. As the warrants contain a cash settlement feature upon the occurrence of certain events that may be outside ofrelated notes included in the Company’s control, the warrants are recorded as a current liability and are marked to market at each reporting period (see Note 2). None of these warrants were exercised during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2016 orAnnual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. 2016. Upon adopting ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017, the Company elected to account for forfeitures as they occur.

Valuation of Stock Options
The estimated grant date fair values of the stock options were calculated using the Black-Scholes valuation model, based on the following assumptions:

 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Risk free interest rate1.9% to 2.0% 1.2% 1.9% to 2.3% 1.2% to 1.4%
Expected term5.1 to 6.1 years 6.0 to 6.1 years 5.1 to 6.1 years 6.0 to 6.1 years
Expected volatility76.0% to 76.3% 78.1% 76.0% to 76.6% 77.8% to 78.1%
Expected dividend yield—% —% —% —%
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase approximately 0.9 million shares of common stock with a weighted average grant date fair value of the warrants outstanding was approximately $968,000 and $6,069,000 as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.$7.02.

Restricted Stock Units with a Performance Condition
In July 2011,March 2017, the Company granted approximately 0.2 million restricted stock units (RSUs) with service and performance-based conditions to employees and executives. The weighted average fair value of RSUs granted was $10.20 per share. The RSUs vest upon the closing of and in connection withapproval by the Healthcare Royalty financing agreement, the Company issued a warrant to Healthcare Royalty exercisable into 28,125 shares of common stock. The warrant is exercisable at $72.00 per share of common stock and has a term of ten years. As the warrant contains covenants where compliance with such covenants may be outsideFDA of the Company’s control,new drug application for ZX008, provided such approval occurs within five years following the warrant was recordedgrant date. Due to the uncertainties associated with the FDA approval process, approval is not yet probable, as a current liability andsuch term is markedused for accounting purposes, prior to market at each reporting date (see Note 2). The fair valuethe occurrence of the warrant was approximately $80,000 and $127,000event. Accordingly, no compensation expense has been recognized as of SeptemberJune 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.2017 for these awards.



Stock-Based Compensation Expense
7.Stock-Based Compensation
The Company usesfollowing table summarizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for determining the estimated fair valuecomponents of total stock-based compensation for stock-based awards to employees and the board of directors. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2016 2015
Risk free interest rate1.1% to 1.3% 1.6% 1.1% to 1.4% 1.5% to 1.8%
Expected term5.1 to 6.1 years 6.1 years 5.1 to 6.1 years 5.1 to 6.1 years
Expected volatility77.0% to 78.1% 77.6% 77.0% to 78.1% 76.7% to 79.2%
Expected dividend yield—% —% —% —%
The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on the rates for U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the award being valued. The assumed dividend yield was based on the Company’s expectation

of not paying dividends in the foreseeable future. The weighted average expected term of options was calculated using the simplified method as prescribed by accounting guidance for stock-based compensation based on the lack of relevant historical data due to the Company’s limited historical experience. In addition, due to the Company’s limited historical data, the estimated volatility was calculated based upon the Company's historical volatility, supplemented with historical volatility of comparable companies whose share prices are publicly available for a sufficient period of time.
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense in continuing operations as follows (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2015 2016 2015
Cost of contract manufacturing$98
 $87
 $294
 $283
Research and development532
 364
 1,449
 774
Selling, general and administrative1,311
 905
 3,460
 4,019
Total$1,941
 $1,356
 $5,203
 $5,076
As of September 30, 2016, there was approximately $10,915,000 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to outstanding employee and board of director stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years, and $670,000 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested employee performance stock units which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years.
As of September 30, 2016, there were 35,771 unvested stock options and 7,500 unvested restricted stock units outstanding to consultants, with approximately $352,000 of related unrecognized compensation expense based on a September 30, 2016 measurement date. These unvested stock awards outstanding to consultants are expected to vest over a weighted average period of 2.7 years. In accordance with accounting guidance for stock-based compensation, the Company remeasures the fair value of stock option grants to non-employees at each reporting date and recognizes the related income or expense during their vesting period. The expense recognized from the revaluation of stock options and restricted stock units to consultants was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. The expense for awards issued to consultants is included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) within selling, general and administrative expense.(in thousands):
 
8.Income taxes
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Cost of contract manufacturing$(6) $94
 $71
 $196
Research and development502
 493
 1,019
 917
Selling, general and administrative635
 1,187
 1,714
 2,149
Total$1,131
 $1,774
 $2,804
 $3,262

The Company recorded a tax benefit to continuing operations of $1,025,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to tax rate reductions enacted in the United Kingdom in September 2016 which resulted in a decrease in the Company's deferred tax liability.
Intraperiod tax allocation rules require the Company to allocate the provision for income taxes between continuing operations and other categories of earnings, such as discontinued operations. In periods in which the Company has a year-to-date pre-taxNote 8 – Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss from continuing operations and pre-tax income in other categories of earnings, such as discontinued operations, the Company must allocate the tax provision to the other categories of earnings, and then record a related tax benefit in continuing operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recognizedper share is calculated by dividing net losses from both continuing and discontinued operations, and therefore no allocation of income tax was required. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 the Company recognized net income from discontinued operations, and, as a result, recorded income tax expense of $2,520,000 and $15,998,000, respectively, which is included in net income (loss) from discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Accordingly, the Company recognized a related income tax benefit of $5,496,000 and $12,428,000loss from continuing operations inby the condensed consolidated statementweighted average number of operations and comprehensive income (loss)shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. The remaining $3,535,000 income tax benefit toperiod. Diluted net loss from continuing operations was recognized throughoutper share is calculated by dividing net loss from continuing operations by the remainderweighted average number of 2015.shares of common stock and potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during the period if the effect is dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive shares of common stock include outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and warrants to purchase common stock.
A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing net loss from continuing operations per share is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Numerator:       
Net loss from continuing operations$(22,453) $(18,246) $(43,579) $(28,467)
        
Denominator:       
Shares used in per share calculation24,822
 24,777
 24,817
 24,774
        
Net loss from continuing operations per share, basic and diluted$(0.90) $(0.74) $(1.76) $(1.15)
The following table presents the potential shares of common stock outstanding that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss from continuing operations per share for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Shares subject to outstanding common stock options4,020
 3,237
 3,756
 3,036
Shares subject to outstanding restricted stock units273
 108
 205
 64
Shares subject to outstanding warrants to purchase common stock1,975
 1,975
 1,975
 1,975
Total6,268
 5,320
 5,936
 5,075


9.Subsequent events

In October 2016,Note 9 – Subsequent Events
On August 1, 2017, Zogenix and Durect Corporation (“Durect”) entered into an agreement to terminate the development and license agreement related to Relday. Under the terms of the termination agreement, all of the Company’s development and commercialization rights related to Relday were returned to Durect and all regulatory filings and development information related to Relday will be assigned and/or transferred to Durect. Upon termination, the Company completed an asset purchase agreementhas no further obligations to acquire the global rights to a preclinical development program for orphan CNS disorders for $1,500,000. Under the asset purchase agreement, the Company is also obligated to make any potential future milestone payments based onwith respect to Relday. In addition, the successful achievement of certain defined development and sales milestones. The accounting for this transaction and estimated financial effect of these development milestones are being evaluated. Due to the preclinical stage of development and the nature of this arrangement, the future potential payments related to the attainment of the specified milestones over a period of several years are inherently uncertain.
In October 2016,termination agreement does not provide the Company amended its manufacturing services agreement with Patheon UK Limited to extend the term of the existing agreement through April 2017. Other terms of the existing agreement remain unchanged. The agreement may be extended further by agreement of both parties for additional terms prior to the expiration of the current term. Future minimum purchase commitments total $4,600,000 at September 30, 2016 through the term of the extended agreement.any future royalty entitlements.


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. These forward lookingforward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
the progress and timing of clinical trials forof ZX008;
the safety and efficacy of our product candidates;
the timing of submissions to, and decisions made by, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, , and other regulatory agencies, including foreign regulatory agencies,, with respect to our product candidates and our ability to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidates to the satisfaction of the FDA and such other regulatory agencies;
the goals of our development activities and estimates of the potential markets for our product candidates, and our ability to compete within those markets;
our ability to receive contingent milestone payments from the saleexpected termination of the Zohydro ER and Sumavel DosePro businesses;
adverse side effectssupply agreement with Endo International Plc, or inadequate therapeutic efficacy of Zohydro ER that could result in product liability claims;
estimates of the capacity of manufacturing and other facilities to support our product candidates;
our and our licensors ability to obtain, maintain and successfully enforce adequate patent and other intellectual property protection of our product candidatesEndo, and the ability to operateimpact on our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of others;
our ability to obtain and maintain adequate levels of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors for any of our product candidates that may be approved for sale, the extent of such coverage and reimbursement and the willingness of third-party payors to pay for our products versus less expensive therapies;
the impact of healthcare reform laws;future revenues; and
projected cash needs and our expected future revenues, operations and expenditures.
The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance or condition and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievement to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks, uncertainties and other factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in greater detail under the heading “Item 1A – Risk Factors.”
Given these risks, uncertainties and other factors, we urge you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. For all forward-looking statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required by law.
DosePro®, Relday™ and Zogenix™ are our trademarks. All other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners. Use or display by us of other parties’ trademarks, trade dress or products is not intended to and does not imply a relationship with, or endorsements or sponsorship of, us by the trademark or trade dress owner.
Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “Zogenix,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Zogenix, Inc., including its consolidated subsidiaries.
The interim condensed consolidated financial statements and this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 20152016 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.2016.
 

Overview
BackgroundOverview
We are a pharmaceutical company committed to developing and commercializing central nervous system, or CNS, therapies that address specific clinical needs for people living with orphan and other CNS disorders who need innovative treatment alternatives to help them improve their daily functioning. Our current areasprimary area of focus areis orphan or rare childhood-onset epilepsy disorders.

We currently own and schizophrenia.
Ourcontrol worldwide development and commercialization rights to ZX008, our lead product candidatecandidate. ZX008 is ZX008, low-dose fenfluramine for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome. Dravet syndrome is a rare and catastrophic form of pediatric epilepsy with life threatening consequences for patients and for which current treatment options are very limited. ZX008 has received orphan drug designation in the United States and EuropeEuropean Union, or the EU, for the treatment of Dravet syndrome. In January 2016, we received notification of Fast Track designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, for ZX008 for the treatment of Dravet syndrome. We initiated our Phase 3 clinical trials in North America (Study 1501) in January 2016 and in Europe and Australia in June 2016 (Study 1502). Study 1501 and Study 1502 are each identical randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled studies of ZX008 as adjunctive therapy for patients with uncontrolled seizures who have Dravet syndrome. In January 2017, we announced our plan to report top-line results from Study 1501 and Study 1502 via a merged study analysis approach whereby top-line results from the first approximately 120 subjects randomized into either Study 1501 or 1502 would be reported initially as “Study 1.” In April 2017, we completed enrollment of Study 1 and we currently expect to report top-line results in the United States,third quarter of 2017. In September 2016, we initiated the pharmacokinetic and we initiatedsafety profile portion of Study 1504, a double blind, randomized, two arm pivotal Phase 3 clinical trialstrial of ZX008 in Europe in June 2016. We expect top-line results from these trials in the second quarter of 2017. Additionally, we initiated the enrollment of patients in our European study of Dravet syndrome patients who are poor responderstaking stiripentol, valproate and clobazam as part of their baseline standard care. In February 2017, we initiated the safety and efficacy portion of Study 1504, a two-arm study that compares ZX008 versus placebo across the titration and 12-week maintenance periods at multiple sites, which currently includes sites in France, the Netherlands, United States, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and Spain.
Beginning in first quarter of 2016, we funded an open-label dose-finding twenty-patient investigator initiated study in patients with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, or LGS, another rare and catastrophic form of pediatric epilepsy with life threatening consequences for patients and for which current treatment options are very limited. In December 2016, we presented initial data from an interim analysis of the first 13 patients to have completed at least 12 weeks of this Phase 2 open-label, dose-finding clinical trial at the American Epilepsy Society Meeting. These data demonstrated that ZX008 provided clinically meaningful improvement in major motor seizure frequency in patients with severe refractory LGS, with seven out of 13 patients (54%) achieving at least a stiripentol treatment regime50% reduction in the thirdnumber of major motor seizures, at doses below the 0.8 mg/kg/day maximum. In addition, ZX008 was generally well tolerated, as expected based on our epilepsy program to date. We believe these data indicate that ZX008 has the potential to be a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for LGS. Based on the strength of the LGS data generated, in the first quarter of this year.2017, we submitted an investigational new drug, or IND, application to the FDA to initiate a Phase 3 program of ZX008 in LGS, which became effective in April 2017. We obtainedintend to initiate a Phase 3 program of ZX008 in LGS in the second half of 2017. In February 2017, ZX008 received orphan drug designation for the treatment of LGS in the EU. In June 2017, ZX008 received orphan drug designation for the treatment of LGS in the United States from the FDA.
Relday™ Development and License Agreement Termination
In July 2011, we entered into a development and license agreement with Durect Corporation, or Durect, under which we were granted an exclusive worldwide development and commercialization rightslicense to ZX008 through our acquisitionintellectual property related to Relday. Relday is an investigational, proprietary, long-acting formulation of Zogenix International Limited in October 2014.
We haverisperidone, an additional product candidate inatypical anti-psychotic agent. Under the development ReldayTM (risperidone once-monthly long-acting injectable)and license agreement, we were responsible for the treatment of schizophrenia. Relday is a proprietary, long-acting injectable formulation of risperidone. Risperidone is used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in adults and teenagers 13 years of age and older. We began enrolling patients in a Phase 1b multi-dose clinical study for Relday in March 2015. On September 30, 2015, we announced positive top-line pharmacokinetic results from the Phase 1b study. Efforts with a third-party transaction advisory firm to help secure a global strategic development and commercialization partnerof Relday while Durect was responsible for Relday are ongoing.
We sold our Zohydro ER® business in April 2015 to enable us to focus on development of our CNS product candidatespre-clinical, formulation and to enhance our financial strength. Zohydro ER (hydrocodone bitartrate) is an extended-release capsule oral formulation of hydrocodone without acetaminophen.
We sold our Sumavel® DosePro® (sumatriptan injection) Needle-free Delivery System business in May 2014 to Endo International Plc, or Endo. In connection with the sale, we entered into a supply agreement, or the Supply Agreement, pursuant to which we retain the solechemistry, manufacturing and exclusive right and obligation to manufacture Sumavel DosePro for Endo, subject to Endo’s right to qualify and maintain a back-up manufacturer.

Pernix Asset Purchase Agreement
On March 10, 2015, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Pernix Ireland Limited and Pernix Therapeutics, or collectively, Pernix, whereby we agreed to sell our Zohydro ER business to Pernix, and on April 24, 2015, we completed the sale to Ferrimill Limited, an Irish corporation and subsidiary of Pernix, as a substitute purchaser. The Zohydro ER business divested included the registered patents and trademarks, certain contracts, the new drug application, or NDA, and other regulatory approvals, documentation and authorizations, the books and records, marketing materials and product data relating to Zohydro ER. We received consideration of $80.0 million in cash and $10.6 million in Pernix Therapeutics common stock. Further, Ferrimill purchased Zohydro ER inventory from us of $0.9 million and we received consideration for discounts received by Ferrimill based on an assigned supply agreement of $2.4 million. We agreed to indemnify the purchaser for certain intellectual property matters up to an aggregate amount of $5.0 million.
In addition to the cash payments received, we are eligible to receive additional cash payments of up to $283.5 million based on the achievement of pre-determined milestones, including a $12.5 million payment upon approval by the FDA of an abuse-deterrent extended-release hydrocodone tablet (currently in development in collaboration with Altus Formulation Inc.) and up to $271.0 million in potential sales milestones. The purchaser will assume responsibility for our obligations under the purchased contracts and regulatory approvals, as well as other liabilities associated with the Zohydro ER business arising after the sale date.
On April 23, 2015, in connection with the sale of the Zohydro ER business, we, Oxford Finance LLC, or Oxford, and Silicon Valley Bank, or SVB, entered into an amendment to the loan and security agreement dated December 30, 2014 which added an affirmative covenant requiring a liquidity ratio of 1.25 to 1 through our receipt of positive data from placebo-controlled trials in the United States and European Union of ZX008 and terminated all encumbrances on our personal property related to its Zohydro ER business. The remaining obligations under the loan and security agreement remained substantially unchanged.
On June 17, 2016, we, Oxford and SVB entered into a second amendment to the loan and security agreement dated December 30, 2014 which provided additional net term loan proceeds of $3.3 million, extended the original repayment

schedule of the term loans such that we are required to make interest-only payments until February 17, 2018, then equal monthly payments of principal plus interest will be made through the maturity date of the term loans on July 1, 2020, reduced the interest rate on the term loans, removed the revolving line of credit previously available, amended the collateral account covenant and removed the liquidity covenant as discussed in the preceding paragraph.
Endo Ventures Bermuda Limited and Endo Ventures Limited Asset Purchase Agreement
On April 23, 2014, we sold our Sumavel DosePro business to Endo, including the registered trademarks, certain contracts, the NDA, and other regulatory approvals, the books and records, marketing materials and product data relating to Sumavel DosePro pursuant to an asset purchase agreement.controls development. Under the terms of the sale, Endo paid us $85.0development and license agreement, we are obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to fund the development and seek and maintain regulatory approval for Relday and if successful, to pay Durect up to $103.0 million in cash, $8.5 million of which was deposited into escrowtotal future milestone payments with respect to Relday, subject to and which we received in May 2015. Further, Endo Ventures Limited, or Endo Ventures, purchased from us our finished goods inventory of Sumavel DosePro for $4.6 million. In addition to the upfront cash payment, we are eligible to receive additional cash payments of up to $20.0 million based onupon the achievement of pre-determined salesvarious development, regulatory, and gross marginsales-related milestones. Furthermore, Endo Ventures assumed responsibility for our royalty obligation on sales of Sumavel DosePro and assumed other liabilities relating to Sumavel DosePro after the sale.
In addition,On August 1, 2017, we and Endo Ventures Bermuda Limited alsoDurect entered into aan agreement to terminate the development and license agreement pursuantrelated to which we granted Endo Ventures an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license for Sumavel DosePro. We also entered into the Supply Agreement with Endo Ventures, pursuant to which we will continue to manufacture Sumavel DosePro, and Endo Ventures supported our Sumavel DosePro manufacturing operations with a working capital advance of $7.0 million.
In connection with the sale, we were required to extinguish all encumbrances on the assets to be sold to Endo, including those previously granted to Healthcare Royalty Partners, or Healthcare Royalty, pursuant to the financing agreement, dated June 30, 2011, with Healthcare Royalty, or the Healthcare Royalty financing agreement. We eliminated our existing debt obligation to Healthcare Royalty in May 2014 by paying $40.0 million to Healthcare Royalty which was consistent withRelday. Under the terms of the Healthcare Royalty financingtermination agreement, all of our development and commercialization rights related to Relday were returned to Durect and all our regulatory filings and development information related to Relday will be assigned and/or transferred to Durect. Upon termination, we have no further obligations to make any potential future milestone payments with respect to Relday. In addition, the termination agreement does not provide us with any future royalty entitlements.
Pending Termination of Contract Manufacturing Supply Agreement
Our 2017 revenue is generated from a single contract manufacturing and supply agreement entered into in connection with the divestiture of our Sumavel DosePro business in 2014 to Endo. Under the terms of the supply agreement, we manufacture and supply Sumavel DosePro to Endo for an initial term of eight years. In January 2017, we and Endo entered into a letter agreement acknowledging Endo’s decision to have us discontinue the manufacturing and supply of the Sumavel DosePro product while the parties finalize termination of the supply agreement. Negotiations as to the termination of this agreement are ongoing. In April 2017, we completed fulfillment of all open orders to Endo and has no further obligation to supply Endo with additional Sumavel DosePro. We are also in the process of negotiating with our third-party suppliers to terminate agreements under which Sumavel DosePro was manufactured and supplied to us. As of June 30, 2017, no amounts were currently owed to these third-party suppliers as such termination agreements were not yet finalized. We may incur

additional costs associated with the termination of these agreements. Once the termination agreement is finalized, we will no longer have a source of recurring revenue and expect to have limited to no revenue in the foreseeable future.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We recognize revenue from contract manufacturing, service fees earnedOur management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on collaborative arrangements and the sale of Sumavel DosePro prior to its saleour condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in May 2014. We also recognize revenue from the sale of Zohydro ER which is included in net loss from discontinued operationsconformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the condensedUnited States, or GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Revenue is recognized when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred and title has passed, (iii) the price is fixed or determinable and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue from sales transactions where the buyer has the right to return the product is recognized at the time of sale only if (a) our price to the buyer is substantially fixed or determinable at the date of sale, (b) the buyer has paid us, or the buyer is obligated to pay us and the obligation is not contingent on resale of the product, (c) the buyer’s obligation to us would not be changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage of the product, (d) the buyer acquiring the product for resale has economic substance apart from that provided by us, (e) we do not have significant obligations for future performance to directly bring about resale of the product by the buyer, and (f) the amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated. We defer recognition of revenue on product shipments of Zohydro ER until the right of return no longer exists, as we were not able to reliably estimate expected returns of the product at the time of shipment given the limited sales and return history of Zohydro ER.
Revenue arrangements with multiple elements are divided into separate units of accounting if certain criteria are met, including whether the delivered element has stand-alone value to the customer. The consideration received is allocated among the separate units based on their respective fair values, and the applicable revenue recognition criteria are applied to each of the separate units. The application of the multiple element guidance requires subjective determinations, and requires us to make judgments aboutestimates and assumptions that affect the individual deliverablesreported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and whether such deliverables are separable from the other aspects of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (1) the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a stand-alone basisrelated disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and (2) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. In determining the units of accounting, we evaluate certain criteria, including whether the deliverables have stand-alone value, based on the consideration of the relevant facts and circumstances for each arrangement. In addition, we consider whether the buyer can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can provide the undelivered element(s).
Arrangement consideration that is fixed or determinable is allocated among the separate units of accounting using the relative selling price method, and the applicable revenue recognition criteria, as described above, are applied to each of the separate units of accounting in determining the appropriate period or pattern of recognition. We determine the estimated selling

price for deliverables within each agreement using vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, of selling price, if available, third-party evidence, or TPE, of selling price if VSOE is not available, or management's best estimate of selling price, or BESP, if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. Determining the BESP for a unit of accounting requires significant judgment. In developing the BESP for a unit of accounting, we consider applicable market conditions and relevant entity-specific factors, including factors that were contemplated in negotiating the agreement with the customer and estimated costs.
Contract Manufacturing Revenue
We and Endo Ventures entered into the Supply Agreement in connection with the sale of the Sumavel DosePro business to Endo in May 2014. Under terms of the Supply Agreement, we retain the sole and exclusive right and the obligation to manufacture or supply Sumavel DosePro to Endo. We recognize deferred revenue related to our supply of Sumavel DosePro as contract manufacturing revenue when earned on a "proportional performance" basis as product is delivered. We recognize revenue related to our sale of Sumavel DosePro product, equal to the cost of contract manufacturing plus a low single-digit mark-up, upon the transfer of title to Endo. We supply Sumavel DosePro product based on non-cancellable purchase orders. We initially defer revenue for any consideration received in advance of services being performed and product being delivered, and recognize revenue pursuant to the related pattern of performance, based on total product delivered relative to the total estimated product delivery over the minimum eight year term of the Supply Agreement ending in May 2022. We continually evaluate the performance period and will adjust the period of revenue recognition if circumstances change. The Company recognized ($0.2) million and $0.6 million of contract manufacturing revenue in continuing operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, based on changes in estimated product to be delivered during the remaining term of the supply agreement. The effect of the changes in estimated future product delivery increased both total net loss per share from continuing operations and net loss per share by $0.01 for the three months ended September 30, 2016, and decreased both total net loss per share from continuing operations and net loss per share by $0.02 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
In addition, we report revenue gross when we act as a principal versus reporting revenue as net when we act as an agent. For transactions in which we act as a principal, have discretion to choose suppliers, bear credit risk and perform a substantive part of the services, revenue is recorded at the gross amount billed to a customer and costs associated with these reimbursements are reflected as a component of cost of sales for contract manufacturing services.
Product Revenue, Net
We sold Sumavel DosePro through May 2014, and sold Zohydro ER until its purchase in April 2015, in the United States to wholesale pharmaceutical distributors and retail pharmacies, or collectively our customers, subject to rights of return within a period beginning six months prior to, and ending 12 months following, product expiration. We recognized Sumavel DosePro product sales at the time title transferred to our customer, and we reduced product sales for estimated future product returns and sales allowances in the same period the related revenue was recognized. We are responsible for all returns of Sumavel DosePro product distributed by us prior to sale up to a maximum per unit amount as specified in the sale agreement.
Given the limited sales history of Zohydro ER, we could not reliably estimate expected returns of the product at the time of shipment. Accordingly, we deferred recognition of revenue on Zohydro ER product shipments until the right of return no longer exists, which occurs at the earlier of the time Zohydro ER was dispensed through patient prescriptions or expiration of the right of return. We estimated Zohydro ER patient prescriptions dispensed using an analysis of third-party syndicated data. Zohydro ER was launched in March 2014 and, accordingly, we did not have a significant history estimating the number of patient prescriptions dispensed. If we underestimated or overestimated patient prescriptions dispensed for a given period, adjustments to revenue from discontinued operations may be necessary in future periods.
Fair Value Measurements
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, require us to estimate the fair value of certain assets and liabilities as of the date of their acquisition or incurrence,assumptions on an ongoing basis, or both. Determiningbasis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, the impairment assessments related to goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and other long-lived assets, business combinations, discontinued operations, fair value of an asset or liability, such as our acquired in-process researchmeasurements, clinical trials expense accrual and development, contingent purchase consideration and warrants for common stock requiresstock-based compensation have the use of accounting estimates and assumptions which are judgmental in nature and could have a significantgreatest potential impact on the determination of the amount of the fair value ascribedour condensed consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to the asset or liability.be our critical accounting policies and estimates. 
There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the threesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017, as compared to the critical accounting policies describedand estimates disclosed in“Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates”included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.2016.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For information with respect to recent accounting pronouncements that are of significance or potential significance to us, see Note 2 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three and NineSix Months ended SeptemberEnded June 30, 20162017 and 20152016
Contract Manufacturing Revenue
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2016 2015 $ change % change 2016 2015 $ change % change
(in thousands)2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
Contract manufacturing revenue$6,345
 $8,860
 $(2,515) (28.4)% 17,537
 19,044
 $(1,507) (7.9)%$7,125
 $1,986
 $5,139
 $9,821
 $11,192
 $(1,371)
Service and other product revenue225
 260
 (35) (13.5)% 327
 2,057
 (1,730) (84.1)%—
 102
 (102) —
 102
 (102)
Total revenue$6,570
 $9,120
 $(2,550) (28.0)% $17,864
 $21,101
 $(3,237) (15.3)%$7,125
 $2,088
 $5,037
 $9,821
 $11,294
 $(1,473)
Our contract manufacturing revenue was solely generated by our supply agreement with Endo. In January 2017, we and Endo entered into a letter agreement acknowledging Endo’s decision to have us discontinue the manufacturing and supply of the Sumavel DosePro product under the supply agreement while the parties finalize termination of the supply agreement. Contract manufacturing revenue is recognized for Sumavel DosePro finished goods inventory that has been delivered to Endo Ventures Bermuda under the Supply Agreement, and includes a portion of deferred revenue recognized on a proportional performance method. Endo Ventures Bermuda pays us the costs associated with production of Sumavel DosePro plus a contractual mark-up for Sumavel DosePro product delivered under the terms of our Supply Agreement. The decrease in contract manufacturing revenueincreased by $5.1 million for the three and nine months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016 as2017 compared to the same periodsperiod in 2015 was2016 primarily as a resultdue to more units delivered and the timing of decreases in costs of contractproduct deliveries. Contract manufacturing billed to Endo underrevenue decreased by $1.4 million for the terms of our Supply Agreement in 2016six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2015, as well as $1.1 million and $0.2 million in2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower cost-reimbursable fixed production costs under the arrangement including facility costs incurred related to our contract manufacturing revenue recognized based on changes in estimated product to be delivered duringmanufacturers. In April 2017, we completed fulfillment of the remaining termopen orders and ceased all manufacturing activities related to Sumavel DosePro.
The termination of our supply agreement is currently under negotiation. After the termination of the supply agreement, forwe will no longer have a source of recurring revenue and expect to have limited to no revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.
Service and other product revenue recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and the three months ended September 30, 2015 consisted of adjustments to estimated Sumavel DosePro returns reserves subsequent to the sale of the business in May 2014. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recognized co-promotion revenue of $0.8 million earned in conjunction with an agreement that terminated in June 2015 in addition to revenue generated from Sumavel DosePro returns reserve adjustments.foreseeable future.
Cost of Contract Manufacturing
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2016 2015 $ change % change 2016 2015 $ change % change
(in thousands)2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
Cost of contract manufacturing$6,391
 $7,780
 $(1,389) (17.9)% $16,256
 $17,506
 $(1,250) (7.1)%$8,242
 $2,136
 $6,106
 $10,729
 $10,011
 $718
Costs
Cost of contract manufacturing consists primarily of materials, third-party manufacturing costs, freight and indirect personnel and other overhead costs associated with Sumavel DosePro based on units sold to Endo, as well as the effect of changes in reserves for excess, dated or obsolete commercial inventories and production manufacturing variances. It represents the cost of units recognized as contract manufacturing revenues in the period and the impact of underutilized production capacity and other manufacturing variances. The decrease in cost of contract manufacturingincreased by $6.1 million for the three and nine months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016 as2017 compared to the same periodsperiod in 2015 resulted2016 primarily from a decrease indue to more units delivered under our Supply Agreementdelivered. In addition, based on negotiations to date with Endo, we recorded a $2.2 million reduction to inventory during the second quarter of 2017 to reflect its current net realizable value. Cost of contract manufacturing increased by $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily due to the $2.2 million reduction to inventory as a result of ongoing negotiations with Endo to its net realizable value, partially offset by increases in excess capacity and scrap charges.
Royalty Expense
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2016 2015 $ change % change 2016 2015 $ change % change
Royalty expense$78
 $106
 $(28) (26.4)% $224
 $249
 $(25) (10.0)%
Royalty expense reflects bothlower cost-reimbursable fixed production costs under the amortization of the milestone payment related to technology that we have licensed and immaterial adjustments to previously estimated royalty liabilities based on actual sales results. We expect royalty expense to remain consistent in the near term as we advance our product development plans.

arrangement.
Research and Development Expenses
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2016 2015 $ change % change 2016 2015 $ change % change
(in thousands)2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
Research and development$10,076
 $7,919
 $2,157
 27.2% $28,447
 $19,310
 $9,137
 47.3%$14,850
 $10,384
 $4,466
 $28,191
 $18,371
 $9,820
Research and development expenses consist of expenses incurred in developing, testing and seeking marketing approval of our product candidates, includingincluding: license and milestone payments; payments made to third-party clinical research organizations, or CROs, and investigational sites, which conduct our clinical trials on our behalf, and consultants; expenses associated with regulatory submissions, pre-clinical development and clinical trials; payments to third-party manufacturers, which produce our active pharmaceutical ingredient and finished product; personnel related expenses, such as salaries, benefits, travel and other related expenses, including stock-based compensation; and facility, maintenance, depreciation and other related expenses. We expense all research and development costs as incurred.
We utilize contract manufacturing organizations, CROs, contract laboratories and independent contractors to produce product candidate material and for the conduct of our pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. We track third-party costs by type of study being conducted.program. We recognize the expenses associated with the services provided by CROs based on the percentage of each study completedestimated progress toward completion at the end of each reporting period. We coordinate clinical trials through a number of contracted investigational sites and recognize the associated expense based on a number of factors, including actual and estimated subject enrollment and visits, direct pass-through costs and other clinical site fees.
The table below sets forth information regarding our research and development costs for our major development programs. The period over period changes in our major development programs are explained in the narrative beneath the table.
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2016 2015 2016 2015
(in thousands)2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
ZX008$7,275
 $1,947
 $20,321
 $5,754
$9,398
 $7,754
 $1,644
 $18,591
 $13,046
 $5,545
Relday58
 3,402
 438
 7,571
Other(1)
2,743
 2,570
 7,688
 5,985
5,452
 2,630
 2,822
 9,600
 5,325
 4,275
Total$10,076
 $7,919
 $28,447
 $19,310
$14,850
 $10,384
 $4,466
 $28,191
 $18,371
 $9,820
(1)Other research and development expenses include employee and infrastructure resources that are not tracked on a program-by-program basis, as well as development costs incurred for other product candidates.
We acquired ZX008 with our acquisition of Zogenix International Limited in October 2014 and have subsequentlysince incurred significant expenditures related to conducting clinical trials of ZX008. Research and development expenses as we proceed withfor ZX008 increased by $1.6 million and $5.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. The increases reflect the progression and expansion of our clinical trial activities related to our Phase 3 clinical trials fordevelopment program of ZX008 in Dravet syndrome, which commenced in January 2016. Expenses for Relday decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the same period in 2015 as we initiated a multi-dose clinical study for Relday in the first quarter of 2015 which concluded later in 2015. We use our employee and infrastructure resources across our product and product candidate development programs. Therefore, we have not tracked salaries, other personnel related expenses, facilities or other related costs to our product development activities on a program-by-program basis.
We expect our research and development expenses for the remainder of 20162017 to exceed amounts incurred in the same periodcomparable periods in 20152016 as we continue to conduct ouradvance the Phase 3 studies for ZX008.development program of ZX008 in Dravet syndrome as well as the planned commencement of a Phase 3 clinical trial in LGS in the second half of 2017.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2016 2015 $ change % change 2016 2015 $ change % change
Selling expense$1,119
 $968
 $151
 15.6% $3,938
 $2,430
 $1,508
 62.1 %
General and administrative expense5,419
 4,728
 691
 14.6% 15,568
 17,117
 (1,549) (9.0)%
Total selling, general and administrative$6,538
 $5,696
 $842
 14.8% $19,506
 $19,547
 $(41) (0.2)%
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
Selling$1,127
 $1,578
 $(451) $2,423
 $2,819
 $(396)
General and administrative4,375
 5,266
 (891) 9,633
 10,149
 (516)
Total selling, general and administrative$5,502
 $6,844
 $(1,342) $12,056
 $12,968
 $(912)

 Selling expense consists primarily of salaries and benefits of sales and marketing management and market research expenses for product candidates that are in development. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs for personnel in executive, finance, accounting, business development and internal support functions. In addition, general and administrative expenses include professional fees for legal, consulting and accounting services.
Selling expense increaseddecreased by $0.5 million and $0.4 million for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016 from2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2015 due primarily to2016. The decreases reflect lower spend on market research and pre-commercial analysis expensesactivities related to ZX008. General and administrative expense decreased by $0.9 million and $0.5 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. The decreases were primarily attributable to decreases in professional services expenses increased forrelated to legal, accounting and recruiting services. 
We expect our selling, general and administrative expenses in 2017 will remain relatively consistent with 2016 levels.
Impairment Charges
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
Impairment charges$107
 $—
 $107
 $920
 $—
 $920
For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017, we recorded an impairment charge of $0.1 million for fixed assets related to Relday, which we no longer have development rights to as compared toa result of a termination agreement entered into on August 1, 2017 with Durect. Included in impairment charges for the same period in 2015 due to increased professional services utilized as well as costs incurred in conjunctionsix months ended June 30, 2017 was a $0.8 million write-down of long-lived manufacturing assets associated with the relocationproduction of our administrative functions to our Emeryville headquarters. General and administrative expenses decreased forSumavel DosePro recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the same period in 2015 primarily due to realignmentfirst quarter of our medical affairs department from general and administrative responsibilities to research and development roles following the divestiture of our Zohydro ER business in April 2015. Also, additional professional fees were incurred during these periods during 2015 in connection with the sale of the Zohydro ER business and our stock recapitalization.2017.
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2016 2015 $ change % change 2016 2015 $ change % change
(in thousands)2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
Change in fair value of contingent consideration$200
 $(300) $500
 (166.7)% $2,800
 $(1,900) $4,700
 (247.4)%$500
 $1,300
 $(800) $1,100
 $2,600
 $(1,500)
The contingent consideration liability results from our acquisition of Zogenix International Limited in October 2014relates to milestone payments under an existing agreement in connection with the estimated completionour prior acquisition of certain future performance milestones related to ZX008. At each reporting period, the remaining estimated fair value of the liability is determined by applying the income approach which utilizes variable inputs, such as anticipated future cash flows, risk-free adjusted discount rates, and nonperformance risk. ThisAny change is reflected in the balance of the estimated fair value of theis recorded as contingent consideration (income) expense. The change
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration income for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from the same period in 2015 resultedperiods indicated were primarily from a increase in our estimated risk-free adjusted discount rate used in the September 30, 2016 valuation from the rates used at June 30, 2016 as well as a reduction ofdue to adjustments to the estimated time remaining to pay outpayout and discount rates used in calculating the liability based on the passage of time from the previous period. The change in fair value of contingent consideration income forto reflect market interest rate conditions on the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to 2015 also resulted from a decrease in our estimated risk-free adjusted discount rate and a change in the expected timing of milestone payments from the previous December 31, 2015 and 2014 measurement dates.date.
Other Income (Expense)
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2016 2015 $ change % change 2016 2015 $ change % change
Interest expense, net$(567) $(718) $151
 (21.0)% $(1,788) $(2,259) $471
 (20.8)%
Loss on short-term investments$—
 $(5,485) $5,485
 (100.0)% $—
 $(5,485) $5,485
 (100.0)%
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities$(356) $(296) $(60) 20.3 % $5,148
 $(861) $6,009
 (697.9)%
Other income expense$25
 $103
 $(78) (75.7)% $2
 $(55) $57
 (103.6)%
Total other income (expense)$(898) $(6,396) $5,498
 (86.0)% $3,362
 $(8,660) $12,022
 (138.8)%
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
Other income (expense)$(393) $339
 $(732) $(403) $4,260
 $(4,663)
Interest Expense, net. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, interest expense was incurredOther income (expense) primarily in conjunction with our term loan with Oxford Finance LLC, or Oxford, and Silicon Valley Bank, or SVB. The change inconsists of interest expense, net, changes in fair value of our common stock warrant liabilities and foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in U.K. pounds sterling and euros.
Changes in other income (expense) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 as comparedperiods indicated were primarily due to the same periods in 2015 resulted primarily from interest income generated on higher cash deposit balances subsequent to the receiptimpact of proceeds on the sale of our Zohydro ER business in April 2015 and proceeds of our equity offering in August 2015.

Loss on Short-term Investments.We acquired shares of Pernix Therapeutics Holdings, Inc. in conjunction with our sale of the Zohydro ER business in April 2015 which were classified as short-term investments. Each reporting period, we recorded any changes in the fair value of the short-term investments as described in Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. We also evaluated our short-term investments to assess whether any unrealized loss position is other than temporarily impaired. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is other-than-temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value had been less than the cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and our intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. Based upon these factors, we determined that our short-term investments were other than temporarily impaired and adjusted their basis to the estimated fair value, which was recorded as a loss on short-term investments, duringcommon stock warrant liabilities. During the three and ninesix months ended September 30, 2015. This adjusted basis was used going forward to evaluate future potential other than temporary impairment of2017, the short-term investments. The short-term investments were subsequently sold and the remaining unrealized loss was recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2015.
Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities. The change in fair value of warrant liabilities results fromwarrants sold as part of our July 2012 public offering decreased due to our stock price trading significantly below the periodic remeasurementexercise price and the period to expiration of the estimatedwarrants becoming shorter. This resulted in income recognized as our liabilities decreased, which was primarily offset by interest expense. In July 2017, these warrants expired unexercised. During the three and six months ended 2016, the fair value of our warrant liabilitiesthese warrants decreased significantly as discussed in Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. The expense recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was primarily driven by the increasea result of a significant decline in our stock price, at each reporting datewhich contributed to other income, net.
We expect other expense, net to increase for the remainder of 2017, as compared to the previous measurement dates. The income recorded for the nine months ended September 30,same period in 2016, resultedas we will be required to write-off any unamortized discount on our working capital advance from lower stock price, lower volatility and the shorter remaining term for the potential exerciseEndo upon maturity (see Note 6 of the warrants from

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report). As of June 30, 2017, the previous measurement date of December 31, 2015.
We expect this amount to continue to fluctuate in the near term based on changes to our stock price and other valuation inputs.
Other Expense. Other expense consists primarily of foreign currency transaction gains and losses resulting from transactions conducted in the British pound sterling and Euro.
Income Tax Benefit
We recorded a tax benefit to continuing operations of $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to tax rate reductions enacted in the United Kingdom in September 2016 which resulted in a decrease in our deferred tax liability.
We are required to allocate the provision for income taxes between continuing operations and other categories of earnings, such as discontinued operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 we recognized net losses from both continuing and discontinued operations, and therefore no allocation of income taxunamortized discount was required. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recognized net income from discontinued operations, and, as a result, recorded income tax expense of $2.5 million and $16.0 million, respectively, which is included in net income (loss) from discontinued operations. Accordingly, we recognized a related income tax benefit of $5.5 million and $12.4 million from continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. The remaining income tax benefit to continuing operations was recognized throughout the remainder of 2015.
Discontinued Operations
On March 10, 2015, we entered into the Asset Purchase Agreement with Pernix whereby we agreed to sell our Zohydro ER business to Pernix, and on April 24, 2015, we completed the sale to Ferrimill, a subsidiary of Pernix, as a substitute purchaser. Our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and the condensed consolidated balance sheet reflect the financial results from the Zohydro ER business as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and three months ended September 30, 2015, activity reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) consists of product delivered prior to the sale of the business for which revenue and related costs were deferred until the right of return no longer exists in accordance with our revenue recognition policy, net of adjustments, as well as legal costs incurred. Activity reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 also includes results of our commercial operations prior to the sale of the Zohydro ER business in April 2015.$3.5 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have experienced operating net losses and negative cash flow from operations since inception, and as of September 30, 2016, had an accumulated deficit of $421.7 million.inception. We expect to continue to incur net losses and negative cash flow from operating activities for at least the next year primarily as a result of the expenses incurred in connection with the clinical development of ZX008 in Dravet syndrome and LGS.
Since inception, our operations have been financed primarily through equity and debt financings and proceeds from business divestitures. Excluding gains from two discrete business divestitures, we have incurred recurring net losses and continuing negative cash flows from our operations resulting in an accumulated deficit of $489.5 million as of June 30, 2017. We held cash and cash equivalents of $65.8 million as of June 30, 2017. Management anticipates further operating losses and negative cash flows from operations for at least the next year as we continue to incur costs related to ongoing Phase 3 programs in Dravet syndrome in North America and EU for ZX008 as well as the planned commencement of a Phase 3 clinical developmenttrial in LGS in the second half of 2017. Additionally, upon acceptance of our regulatory submissions for ZX008 by the FDA or the EMA, if at all, each a milestone event, we will owe milestone payments under an existing agreement in connection with our prior acquisition of ZX008. As of September 30, 2016,Based on our current operating plans, we hadbelieve that our existing cash and cash equivalents of $109.9 million.
We may fund our operations through the proceeds from the sales and issuances of our common stock, if any, pursuant to the controlled equity offering program that we established on May 10, 2016 with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., or Cantor, as sales agent, under which we may, from time to time, sell shares of common stock up to an aggregate offering price of $25.0 million. Sales of our common stock made pursuant to the controlled equity offering program, if any, will be made on the Nasdaq Global Market under our effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3. There can be no assurance that Cantor will be successful in consummating sales under the program based on prevailing market conditions or in the quantities or at the prices that we deem appropriate. Cantor or we are permitted to terminate the controlled equity offering sales agreement, or sales agreement, at any time upon 10 days' prior written notice, and Cantor is also permitted to terminate the sales agreement at any time in certain circumstances, including the occurrence of a material adverse change in our Company.
Although it is difficult to predict future liquidity requirements, we believe that our cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2016, along with our projected contract manufacturing revenues willnot be sufficient to fundmeet our operations for at leastanticipated operating needs beyond the next twelve months. We will needfirst half of 2018. As a result, management has concluded there is substantial doubt about our ability to obtain additional funds to finance our operations beyondcontinue as a going concern within one year after the date that point, or possibly earlier. the accompanying financial statements are issued.
We intend to raise additional capital if necessary, through public or private equity offerings,or debt financings and potentially through collaboration, licensing or through collaborationsother similar arrangements. However, we may not be able to secure such financing in a timely manner or partnerships with other companies.on favorable terms, if at all. Furthermore, if we issue equity or debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration, licensing or other similar arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to our potential products or proprietary technologies, or grant licenses on terms that are unsuccessful in raisingnot favorable to us. Without additional required funds, we may be requiredforced to significantly delay, reduce the scope ofscale back or eliminate one or moresome of our research and development programsactivities, or our commercialization efforts, or cease operating as a going concern. We also may be requiredother operations and potentially delay product development in an effort to relinquish, license or otherwise dispose of rightsprovide sufficient funds to product candidates or products that we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available.
In December 2014, we entered into a loan and security agreement, or the Loan and Security Agreement, with Oxford and SVB consisting of term loans totaling $20.0 million, and a revolving credit facility of up to $4.0 million. In June 2016, we entered into the Second Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement, or the Second Amendment. Significant provisions of the Second Amendment include:
providing us with additional term loans in net aggregate principal amount of $3,333,334;
amending the original repayment schedule of the term loans such that we are required to make interest-only payments until February 1, 2018, then equal monthly payments of principal plus interest will be made through the maturity date of the term loans on July 1, 2020;
amending the interest rate such that the term loans bear interest at an annual rate equal to either (i) 7.00% or (ii) the sum of (a) the “prime rate” rate reported in the Wall Street Journal on the date occurring on the last business day of the month that immediately precedes the month in which the interest will accrue, plus (b) 3.25%, whichever is greater;
removing the revolving line of credit previously available under the original Loan and Security Agreement;
removing an affirmative covenant requiring us to maintain a liquidity ratio of 1.25 to 1 through our receipt of positive data from placebo-controlled trials in the United States and European Union of ZX008; and
amending a covenant to now permit us to maintain collateral account balances exceeding the greater of (i) $50,000,000, or (ii) 50% of our total collateral account balances (other than specifically excluded accounts), with financial institutions other than the lenders; provided that, if our total collateral account balances are below $50,000,000, all such balances will be maintained with the lenders.
We may prepay the outstanding principal balance of the term loan subject to a prepayment fee. The credit facility also includes events of default, as defined in the Loan and Security Agreement, which could cause interest to be charged at the rate that is otherwise applicable plus 5.0% and would provide Oxford, as collateral agent, with the right to exercise remedies against us and the collateral securing the credit facility. At September 30, 2016, we had received the original term loan proceeds of $20.0 million and additional proceeds upon executing the Second Amendment, net of loan-related fees, that are included in our cash and cash equivalents balance. The loans will be used for working capital and general business purposes.
The obligations under the Loan and Security Agreement are collateralized by our personal property (including, among other things, accounts receivable, equipment, inventory, contract rights, rights to payment of money, license agreements, general intangibles and cash), and we have agreed to not encumbercontinue its operations. If any of these events occurs, our intellectual property. We were requiredability to establish a controlled deposit account with SVB containing balances as outlined above which canachieve the development and commercialization goals could be utilized by the lenders to satisfy the obligations in the event of default by us.

The credit facility includes affirmative and negative covenants. The affirmative covenants include, among others, covenants requiring us to maintain legal existence and governmental approvals, deliver certain financial reports, maintain insurance coverage and satisfy certain requirements regarding accounts receivable. The negative covenants include, among others, restrictions on our transferring collateral, incurring additional indebtedness, engaging in mergers or acquisitions, paying dividends or making other distributions, making investments, creating liens, selling assets and upon a change in control, in each case subject to certain exceptions.
Upon repayment of the term loan, we are also required to make a final payment equal to 6.25% of the original principal amount of the term loan funded.adversely affected.
The following table summarizespresents selected information from our statements of cash flows provided by (used in) continuing operating, investing and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:(in thousands):
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2016 2015
 (In Thousands)
Statement of Cash Flows Data:   
Total cash provided by (used in):   
Operating activities$(54,383) $(50,852)
Investing activities9,899
 79,211
Financing activities(999) 92,119
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$(45,483) $120,478
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2017 2016
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period$91,551
 $155,349
Net cash used in operating activities(25,992) (36,429)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(35) 9,903
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities237
 (1,026)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(25,790) (27,552)
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period$65,761
 $127,797
Operating Activities:Activities Net
For the six months ended June 30, 2017, net cash used for nine months ended September 30, 2016in operating activities was primarily reflects the useresult of cash for operations, adjusted fora net loss of $44.3 million, offset by non-cash charges includingof $7.2 million and a $5.1 million changenet cash inflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $11.1 million. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation, inventory write-down and impairment charges for long-lived assets related to our Endo supply agreement, and changes in fair value of warrant liabilities offset by $5.2 million of stock based compensationmark-to-market warrants and $2.8 million changecontingent consideration. The increase in the fair value of contingent consideration, as well as cash provided based on lower inventory balances of $2.6by operating assets and liabilities was primarily attributable to a $7.9 million offset by cash used of $5.1 million due to lowerdecrease in trade accounts receivable $4.3 million related to reduction of ouras we received payment from Endo for previously delivered product. Cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities include inventory, accounts payable and accrued expenses and $3.9 million of lower prepaid expenses and other current assets as compareddue to the same periodtiming of inventory receipts and vendor payments.
For the six months ended June 30, 2016, net cash used in 2015. Significant workingoperating activities was primarily the result of a net loss of $29.2 million, offset by non-cash charges of $1.7 million and a net cash outflow from change in operating assets and liabilities of $8.9 million.

Investing Activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2017, net cash used in investing activities was minimal. As of April 2017, we have no further obligation to supply Endo with additional Sumavel DosePro. As a result, we expect capital uses of cashexpenditures for the nineremainder of 2017 to be minimal.
For the six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016, include personnel-related costs, research and development costs (primarily for ZX008) and other professional services, including legal and accounting services.
Net cash used for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 primarily reflects the use of cash for operations, adjusted for non-cash charges including the $89.1 million pre-tax gain on the sale of our Zohydro ER business, a $5.5 million impairment charge related to our short-term investments and a $3.5 million charge for taxes payable related to the sale of the Zohydro ER business, recognition of $7.6 million of deferred revenue and $6.0 million in stock-based compensation. Significant working capital uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 include personnel-related costs, research and development costs (primarily for ZX008 and Relday), other professional services, including legal and accounting services, and reduction of our accounts payable and accrued expense balances totaling $11.6 million.
Investing Activities. Netnet cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily attributable to the release$10.0 million of restricted cash released from an escrow account in connection with the sale of our Zohydro ER business. Netbusiness in 2015.
Financing Activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2017, net cash provided by investingfinancing activities forwas due to proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock plans.
For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015 was primarily attributable to the proceeds from the sale of our Zohydro ER business.
Financing Activities. Net2016, net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 representswas primarily attributable to principal payments made on our term loan, andoffset by proceeds from issuance of common stock purchases made in accordance with ourunder employee stock purchase plan during the period, offset byplans and proceeds from our amended term loan with Oxford Finance LLC and SVB. Net cash provided by financing activitiesSilicon Valley Bank.
Debt Obligations
As of June 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all covenants under our term loan. There are no covenants related to our working capital advance note payable. Our term loan agreement includes a material adverse change clause, which enables the lenders to require immediate repayment of the outstanding debt if certain subjective acceleration provisions are triggered. The material adverse change clause covers provisions including a material impairment of underlying collateral, change in business operations or condition or material impairment of our prospects for repayment of any portion of the remaining debt obligation. To date, we have not received any notification from the Lenders that we are not in compliance with this clause. For a detailed description of our debt obligations, see Note 6 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in the Quarterly Report.
Contractual Obligations
 There were no material changes outside the ordinary course of our business during the six months ended June 30, 2017 to the information regarding our contractual obligations that was disclosed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the nine monthsyear ended September 30, 2015 consists of net proceeds from our public equity offering of $92.0 million and $1.4 million from the exercise of stock options and the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan, offset by the repayment of our revolving credit facility advance of $1.4 million.
Successful transition to profitability is dependent upon achieving a level of product revenues adequate to support our cost structure. We will continue to monitor and evaluate the level of our research, development, contract manufacturing and operating expenditures and may adjust such expenditures based upon a variety of factors, such as our available cash, our ability to obtain additional cash, the results and progress in our clinical programs, the time and costs related to clinical trials and regulatory decisions, as well as the U.S. economic environment.

We cannot be certain if, when and to what extent we will generate positive cash flow from operations from the commercialization of our product candidates, if approved. We expect our expenses to be substantial and to increase over the next few years as we continue to advance ZX008 and Relday through clinical development.December 31, 2016.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
WeAs of June 30, 2017, we did not have not engaged in any off-balance sheet activities.arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K. 


Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Our cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2016 consisted of cash and money market funds. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal. Instruments that meet this objective include commercial paper, money market funds and government and non-government debt securities. To minimize this risk, we intend to continue to maintain our portfolio of cash and money market funds, and due to their short-term nature, we believe that there isThere have been no material exposure to interest rate risk.
Our term loan with Oxfordchanges in market risk from the information provided in "Item 7A. Quantitative and SVB contain adjustable rate interest terms. The loan bears interest at an annual rate equal toQualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the greater of (i) 7.00% and (ii) the sum of (a) the “prime rate” rate reported in the Wall Street Journal on the date occurring on the last business day of the month that immediately precedes the month in which the interest will accrue, plus (b) 3.25%. Based on our outstanding principal balances and historical interest rate volatility, we do not believe an adjustment of 100 basis points would create a material exposure.

year ended December 31, 2016.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Conclusions Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the timelines specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s, or the SEC’s, rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and in reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As required by Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC Rule 13a-15(b), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and

operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Disclosure Controls and Procedures
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quartersix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings

There have been no material updates to the legal proceedings as set forth in “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

2016.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
ThereWe operate in a dynamic and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and you should carefully consider them. Accordingly, in evaluating our business, we encourage you to consider the following discussion of risk factors, in addition to the risk factors set in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other information contained in our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Other than as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors includeddescribed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors”Part 1, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, other than those set forth below, which should2016.
Our success depends substantially on our only product candidate, ZX008. We cannot be read in conjunction with the risk factors disclosed therein.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing for ZX008, Relday or pre-clinical or clinical testing for any of our other product candidates could result in increased costs to us and delay or limit our ability to pursue regulatory approval for, or generate revenues from, such product candidates.
Clinical trials are very expensive, time consuming and difficult to design and implement. Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing for ZX008, Relday or pre-clinical or clinical testing for any of our other product candidates could significantly affectcertain that our product development costs and business plan.
The safety and effectiveness of ZX008 has been evaluated in a single, continuing, long-term, open-label, study in patients with Dravet syndrome in Belgium. In January 2016, we initiated a Phase 3 clinical trial in North America for ZX008 as an adjunctive treatment of seizures in children with Dravet syndrome. This followed FDA acceptance of our investigational new drug, or IND, application for ZX008 in December 2015. The Phase 3 program for ZX008 includes two randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled studies that will evaluate two dose levels of ZX008 (0.2 mg/kg/day and 0.8 mg/kg/day, up to a maximum daily dose of 30 mg), as well as placebo. We intend to enroll 105 subjects in each of the two studies, with 35 patients in each treatment arm. The first study is being conducted in North America. The other Phase 3 study is a multi-national study, conducted primarily in western Europe, which commenced in June 2016. In addition, a one-year, open-label safety study will be offered to eligible subjects who complete one of these trials. We expect to receive top-line results from each of these trials in the second quarter of 2017. Additionally, we initiated enrollment of patients in our European study of Dravet syndrome patients who are poor responders to a stiripentol treatment regime in the third quarter of this year. However, we may not be able to identify and enroll sufficient study participants and interpret results on these timeframes, and consequently the completion of our Phase 3 clinical trials may be delayed.
We initiated clinical testing for Relday in patients with schizophrenia in July 2012 and announced positive single-dose pharmacokinetic results from the Phase 1 clinical trial in January 2013. Based on the favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profile demonstrated in the Phase 1 trial, we extended the study to include an additional dose of the same formulation and announced positive top-line results in May 2013. The results for the extended Phase 1 clinical trial showed risperidone blood concentrations in the assumed therapeutic range were achieved on the first day of dosing and maintained throughout the one-month period. In addition, dose proportionality was demonstrated across the full dose range studied. In March 2015, we began a multi-dose clinical trial, which we believe will provide the required steady-state pharmacokinetic and safety data prior to initiating Phase 3 development studies. On September 30, 2015, we announced positive top-line pharmacokinetic results from our Phase 1b multi-dose clinical trial of Relday. Based on this data, we have initiated efforts to secure a global strategic development and commercialization partner for Relday to support the continued development of Relday. If we are unable to secure such a partner on favorable terms, or at all, we will evaluate the continued development of Relday.
The commencement and completion of clinical trials can be delayed for a number of reasons, including delays related to:
obtaining regulatory authorization to commence a clinical trial;
reaching agreement on acceptable terms with clinical research organizations, or CROs, clinical investigators and trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs, clinical investigators and trial sites;
manufacturing or obtaining sufficient quantities of a product candidate and placebo for use in clinical trials;
obtaining institutional review board, or IRB, approval to initiate and conduct a clinical trial at a prospective site;
identifying, recruiting and training suitable clinical investigators;

identifying, recruiting and enrolling subjects to participate in clinical trials for a variety of reasons, including competition from other clinical trial programs for the treatment of similar indications;
retaining patients who have initiated a clinical trial but may be prone to withdraw due to side effects from the therapy, lack of efficacy, personal issues or for any other reason they choose, or who are lost to further follow-up;
uncertainty regarding proper dosing; and
scheduling conflicts with participating clinicians and clinical institutions.
In addition, if a significant number of patients fail to stay enrolled in any of our current or future clinical trials of ZX008, Relday or any of our other product candidates and such failure is not adequately accounted for in our trial design and enrollment assumptions, our clinical development program could be delayed. Clinical trials may also be delayed or repeated as a result of ambiguous or negative interim results or unforeseen complications in testing. In addition, a clinical trial may be suspended or terminated by us, the FDA or EMA, the IRB overseeing the clinical trial at issue, any of our clinical trial sites with respect to that site, or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including:
inability to design appropriate clinical trial protocols;
inability by us, our employees, our CROs or their employees to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with all applicable FDA, drug enforcement administration, or DEA, or other regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols;
inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial sites by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold;
discovery of serious or unexpected toxicities or side effects experienced by study participants or other unforeseen safety issues;
lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial, including the incurrence of unforeseen costs due to enrollment delays, requirements to conduct additional trials and studies and increased expenses associated with the services of our CROs and other third parties;
lack of effectiveness of any product candidate during clinical trials;
slower than expected rates of subject recruitment and enrollment rates in clinical trials;
inability of our CROs or other third-party contractors to comply with all contractual requirements or to perform their services in a timely or acceptable manner;
inability or unwillingness of medical investigators to follow our clinical protocols; and
unfavorable results from on-going clinical trials and pre-clinical studies.
Additionally, changes in applicable regulatory requirements and guidance may occur and we may need to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes. Amendments may require us to resubmit our clinical trial protocols to IRBs for reexamination, which may impact the costs, timing or successful completion of a clinical trial. If we experience delays in the completion of, or if we terminate, any of our clinical trials, the commercial prospects for ZX008, Relday and our other product candidates may be harmed, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We face intense competition, and if our competitors market and/or develop treatments for Dravet syndrome or psychiatric disorders that are marketed more effectively, approved more quickly than our product candidates or demonstrated to be safer or more effective than our products, our commercial opportunities will be reduced or eliminated.
The pharmaceutical industry is characterized by rapidly advancing technologies, intense competition and a strong emphasis on proprietary therapeutics. We face competition from a number of sources, some of which may target the same indications as our products or product candidates, including large pharmaceutical companies, smaller pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, academic institutions, government agencies and private and public research institutions, many of which have greater financial resources, sales and marketing capabilities, including larger, well-established sales forces, manufacturing capabilities, experience in obtaining regulatory approvals for product candidates and other resources than we do.
If approved for the chronic treatment of Dravet syndrome, ZX008 may compete against other products and product candidates. In the European Union, Canada and Japan, Diacomit (stiripentol) by Laboratoires Biocodex has been approved and is being commercialized as an adjunctive therapy (in combination with sodium valproate and clobazam) for the treatment of Dravet syndrome; stiripentol, while not yet approved by FDA, is available to patients in the United States via the FDA’s Personal Importation Policy. Epidiolex®, a cannabinoid drug, which is being developed by GW Pharmaceuticals, has received an orphan designation by the EMA for the treatment of Dravet syndrome and by the FDA for the treatment of Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes, as well as fast track status by the FDA for the treatment of Dravet syndrome. In March 2016, GW Pharmaceuticals announced positive results from its first Phase 3 clinical trial for Epidiolex for the treatment of Dravet syndrome, and in June and September 2016 announced positive results from its two Phase 3 clinical trials for Epidiolex for the

treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndromes, with the drug achieving its primary study endpoints in all three trials. GW Pharmaceuticals is currently conducting an additional Phase 3 study in Dravet syndrome and has announced they intend to file an NDA for both indications in 2017. Insys Therapeutics has advanced its pharmaceutical cannabinoid program, which has received orphan drug designation and fast track status by the FDA for use of cannabidiol as a potential treatment for Dravet syndrome. Sage Therapeutics has completed a Phase 1/2 clinical trial for its lead compound SAGE-547, an allosteric modulator of GABA receptors, for the acute treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus, which are acute prolonged seizures that can be associated with Dravet syndrome, as well as other seizure conditions.
If approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, we anticipate that Relday will compete against other marketed, branded and generic, typical and atypical antipsychotics, including both long-acting injectable and oral products. Currently marketed long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotic products include Risperdal Consta, Invega Sustenna and Invega Trinza marketed by Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Zyprexa Relprevv marketed by Eli Lilly & Company, Aristada marketed by Alkermes plc and Abilify Maintena (apripiprazole) marketed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and H. Lundbeck A/S. Currently approved and marketed oral atypical antipsychotics include Risperdal (risperidone) and Invega (paliperidone) marketed by Janssen Pharmaceuticals, generic risperidone, Zyprexa (olanzapine) marketed by Eli Lilly and Company, Seroquel (quetiapine) marketed by AstraZeneca plc, Abilify (aripiprazole) marketed by BMS/Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Geodon (ziprasidone) marketed by Pfizer, Fanapt (iloperidone) marketed by Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Saphris (asenapine) marketed by Merck & Co., Latuda (lurasidone) marketed by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma and generic clozapine. Finally, in addition to these currently marketed products, we may also face competition from additional long-acting injectable product candidates that could be developed by the large companies listed above, as well and by other pharmaceutical companies such as Teva, Braeburn Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorios Farmaceuticos Rovi SA, Indivior PLC and Luye Pharma Group, Ltd., each of which has announced they are developing long-acting antipsychotic product candidates. In May 2015, Janssen Pharmaceuticals announced that the FDA approved Invega Trinza, a three-month long-version of paliperidone palmitate, for the treatment of schizophrenia in patients adequately treated with Invega Sustenna for at least four months. Also in May 2015, Indivior PLC announced positive top-line results from its Phase 3 clinical trial of RBP-7000, an investigational drug formulation of risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia that is intended to require once-monthly dosing. In October 2015, Alkermes plc announced that the FDA approved Aristada (aripiprazole lauroxil) extended-release injectable suspension for the treatment of schizophrenia, which offers once-monthly and six-week dosing options.
We expect ZX008, Relday and any of our other product candidates, if approved, to compete on the basis of, among other things, product efficacy and safety, time to market, price, coverage and reimbursement by third-party payors, extent of adverse side effects and convenience of treatment procedures. One or more of our competitors may develop other products that compete with ours, obtain necessary approvals for such products from the FDA, or other agencies, if required, more rapidly than we do or develop alternative products or therapies that are safer, more effective and/or more cost effective than any products developed by us. The competition that we will encounter with respect to any of our product candidates that receive the requisite regulatory approval and classification and are marketed will have an effect on our product prices, market share and results of operations. We may not be able to differentiate any products that we are able to market from those of our competitors, successfully develop or introduce new products that are less costly or offer better results than those of our competitors or offer purchasers of our products payment and other commercial terms as favorable as those offered by our competitors. In addition, competitors may seek to develop alternative formulations of our product candidates and/or alternative drug delivery technologies that address our targeted indications.
The commercial opportunity for our product candidates could be significantly harmed if competitors are able to develop alternative formulations and/or drug delivery technologies outside the scope of our products. Compared to us, many of our potential competitors have substantially greater:

•capital resources;
•research and development resources and experience, including personnel and technology;
•drug development, clinical trial and regulatory resources and experience;
•sales and marketing resources and experience;
•manufacturing and distribution resources and experience;
•name recognition; and
•resources, experience and expertise in prosecution and enforcement of intellectual property rights.
As a result of these factors, our competitors may obtain regulatory approval of their products more rapidly than we are able to or may obtain patent protection or other intellectual property rights that limit or block us from developing or commercializing our product candidates. Our competitors may also develop drugs that are more effective, more useful, better tolerated, subject to fewer or less severe side effects, more widely prescribed or accepted or less costly than ours and may also be more successful than we are in manufacturing and marketing their products. If we are unable to compete effectively with the marketed therapeutics of our competitors or if such competitors are successful in developing products that compete with any of our product candidates that are approved, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects may be materially adversely affected.

We may engage in strategic transactions that could impact our liquidity, increase our expenses and present significant distractions to our management.

From time to time we may consider strategic transactions, such as acquisitions of companies, asset purchases and out-licensing or in-licensing of products, product candidates or technologies. For example, in October 2014, we completed the acquisition of Brabant, which owns worldwide development and commercialization rights to ZX008 for the treatment of Dravet syndrome, and in October 2016, we completed an asset purchase agreement to acquire the global rights to a preclinical development program for orphan CNS disorders. Additional potential transactions that we may consider include a variety of different business arrangements, including spin-offs, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, restructurings, divestitures, business combinations and investments. Any such transaction may require us to incur non-recurring or other charges, may increase our near and long-term expenditures and may pose significant integration challenges or disrupt our management or business, which could adversely affect our operations and financial results. For example, these transactions may entail numerous operational and financial risks, including:
exposure to unknown liabilities;
disruption of our business and diversion of our management’s time and attention in order to develop acquired products, product candidates or technologies;
incurrence of substantial debt or dilutive issuances of equity securities to pay for acquisitions;
higher than expected acquisition and integration costs;
write-downs of assets or goodwill or impairment charges;
increased amortization expenses;
difficulty and cost in combining the operations and personnel of any acquired businesses with our operations and personnel;
impairment of relationships with key suppliers or customers of any acquired businesses due to changes in management and ownership; and
inability to retain key employees of any acquired businesses.

Accordingly, although there can be no assurance that we will undertake or successfully complete any additional transactions of the nature described above, any additional transactions that we do complete could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
We may not realize the full economic benefit from the sale of our Sumavel DosePro business and Zohydro ER business.
Pursuant to the asset purchase agreement with Endo that we entered into in April 2014, or the Endo asset purchase agreement, in addition to the $89.6 million upfront cash payment, we may receive contingent payments, based on Endo’s achievement of pre-determined sales and gross margin milestones, in an amount up to $20.0 million. Our ability to receive these contingent payments under our supply agreement with Endo is dependent upon Endo successfully maintaining and increasing market demand for, and sales of, Sumavel DosePro.
Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement with Pernix that we entered into in March 2015, we may receive contingent payments of up to $283.5 million, based on Pernix’s achievement of pre-determined milestones. These milestones include a $12.5 million payment upon approval by the FDA of an abuse-deterrent extended-release hydrocodone tablet and up to $271.0 million in potential sales milestones. Our ability to receive these contingent payments is dependent upon Pernix successfully maintaining and increasing market demand for, and sales of, Zohydro ER in a manner in which the requisite sales of the product will be achieved and devoting the resources necessary to achieve the manufacturing milestone.
We cannot provide any assurance that we will receive any of the contingent milestone payments.


Fluctuations in the value of the Euro or U.K. pound sterling could negatively impact our results of operations and increase our costs.

WE conduct research and development activities in the United Kingdom and some of the payments for these activities are denominated in Euros and U.K. pounds sterling. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk, and our results of operations may be impacted by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Euro or U.K. pound sterling, such as the decline in value of the U.K. pound sterling following the results of the United Kingdom’s referendum on withdrawal from the European Union. A significant appreciation in the Euro or U.K. pound sterling relative to the U.S. dollar will result in higher expenses and cause increases in our net losses. Likewise, to the extent that we generate any revenues denominated in foreign currencies, or become required to make payments in other foreign currencies, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and those foreign currencies could also negatively impact our results of operations. We currently have not entered into any foreign currency hedging contracts to reduce the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, and foreign currency hedging is inherently risky and may result in unanticipated losses.

The results of the United Kingdom’s referendum on withdrawal from the European Union may have a negative effect on global economic conditions, financial markets and our business.
We are a company with worldwide operations, which includes significant business operations in Europe, and our wholly owned subsidiary Zogenix Europe Limited is incorporated under the laws of England and Wales. In June 2016, a majority of voters in the United Kingdom elected to withdraw from the European Union in a national referendum. The referendum was advisory, and the terms of any withdrawal are subject to a negotiation period that could last at least two years after the government of the United Kingdom formally initiates a withdrawal process. Nevertheless, the referendum has created significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union, and has given rise to calls for certain regions within the United Kingdom to preserve their place in the European Union by separating from the United Kingdom as well as for the governments of other EU member states to consider withdrawal.
These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and could significantly reduce global market liquidity and restrict the ability of key market participants to operate in certain financial markets. Asset valuations, currency exchange rates and credit ratings may be especially subject to increased market volatility. Lack of clarity about future U.K. laws and regulations as the United Kingdom determines which EU laws to replace or replicate in the event of a withdrawal, including financial laws and regulations, tax and free trade agreements, intellectual property rights, supply chain logistics, environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, immigration laws and employment laws, could decrease foreign direct investment in the United Kingdom, increase costs, depress economic activity and restrict our access to capital. If the United Kingdom and the European Union are unable to negotiate acceptable withdrawal terms or if other EU member states pursue withdrawal, barrier-free access between the United Kingdom and other EU member states or among the European economic area overall could be diminished or eliminated. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and affect our strategy in the European pharmaceutical market.
Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Capital Requirements

The terms of our credit facility place restrictions on our operating and financial flexibility.
We have entered into a loan and security agreement, or the credit facility, with Oxford Finance LLC, or Oxford, as collateral agent, and the lenders party thereto from time to time, or the lenders, including Oxford and Silicon Valley Bank, or SVB, that is secured by substantially all of our personal property other than our intellectual property. The outstanding principal balance under the credit facility was $20.0 million at September 30, 2016.
The credit facility includes affirmative and negative covenants applicable to us and any subsidiaries we create in the future. The affirmative covenants include, among others, covenants requiring us to maintain our legal existence and governmental approvals, deliver certain financial reports, maintain insurance coverage and satisfy certain requirements regarding accounts receivable. The negative covenants include, among others, restrictions on our transferring collateral, incurring additional indebtedness, engaging in mergers or acquisitions, paying dividends or making other distributions, making investments, creating liens, selling assets and undergoing a change in control, in each case subject to certain exceptions.
The credit facility also includes events of default, the occurrence and continuation of which could cause interest to be charged at the rate that is otherwise applicable plus 5.0% and would provide Oxford, as collateral agent, with the right to exercise remedies against us and the collateral securing the credit facility, including foreclosure against our properties securing the credit facilities, including our cash. These events of default include, among other things, our failure to pay any amounts due under the credit facility, a breach of covenants under the credit facility, our insolvency, a material adverse change, the

occurrence of any default under certain other indebtedness in an amount greater than $400,000 and one or more judgments against us in an amount greater than $400,000, individually or in the aggregate.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our indebtedness depends on our future performance and ability to raise additional sources of cash, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash to service our debt, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring our debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. If we desire to refinance our indebtedness, our ability to do so will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.
Risks Related to Regulation of our Product and Product Candidates
Our product candidates are subject to extensive regulation, and we cannot give any assurance that any of our product candidates will receive regulatory approval or be successfully commercialized.
We currently are developing ZX008 forhave only one product candidate in development, and our business depends substantially on its successful development and commercialization. Following the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome and Relday for the treatmentcompletion of the symptomssale of schizophrenia.our Zohydro ER business in April 2015, we have no drug products approved for sale, and we may not be able to develop marketable drug products in the future. Following the termination of the development and license agreement with Durect in August 2017, our sole product candidate is ZX008. ZX008, our sole product candidate, and any future product candidates, will require additional clinical and pre-clinical development, regulatory review and approval in multiple jurisdictions, substantial investment, access to sufficient commercial manufacturing capacity and significant marketing efforts before we can generate any revenues from product sales. The research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, approval, sale, marketing, distribution and distributionpromotion of drug products among other things, are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States. States and other countries, whose regulations differ from country to country.
We are not permitted to market ZX008, Relday or any of our other product candidates in the United States unless and until we receive regulatoryapproval of an NDA from the FDA, or in any foreign countries until we receive the requisite approval from the FDA. We cannot provide any assurance thatregulatory authorities of such countries, and we willmay never receive such regulatory approvals. Obtaining regulatory approval for a product candidate is a lengthy, expensive and uncertain process, and may not be successful. Any failure to obtain regulatory approval of ZX008, or failure to obtain such approval for any of our product candidates or that any such product candidates will be successfully commercialized.
Under the policies agreed to by the FDA under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, or PDUFA, the FDA is subject to a two-tiered system of review times for new drugs: standard review and priority review. For drugs subject to standard review that do not contain a new molecular entity, such as Relday, the FDA has a goal to complete its reviewall of the NDAindications and respond to the applicant within ten months from the date of receipt of an NDA. The review process and the PDUFA target action date may be extended if the FDA requests or the NDA sponsor otherwise provides additional information or clarification regarding information already provided in the submission. The FDA's review goals are subject to change, and the duration of the FDA's review may depend on the number and type of other NDAs that are submitted to the FDA around the same time period.
The FDA may also refer applications for novel products or products which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy to an advisory committee, typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts, for review, evaluation and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved. Although the FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, the matters discussed at the advisory committee meeting, and in particular any concerns regarding safety, couldlabeling claims we deem desirable, would limit our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates subject to advisory committee review.
As part of its review of an NDA,generate future revenues, would potentially harm the FDA may inspect the facility or facilities where the drug is manufactured. If the FDA's evaluations of the NDA and the clinical and manufacturing procedures and facilities are favorable, the FDA will issue an action letter, which will be either an approval letter, authorizing commercial marketing of the drug for a specified indication, or a Complete Response Letter containing the conditions that must be met in order to secure approval of the NDA. These conditions may include deficiencies identified in connection with the FDA's evaluation of the NDA submission or the clinical and manufacturing procedures and facilities. Until any such conditions or deficiencies have been resolved, the FDA may refuse to approve the NDA. If and when those conditions have been met to the FDA's satisfaction, the FDA will issue an approval letter. The FDA has substantial discretion in the drug approval process, including the ability to delay, limit or deny approval of a product candidate for many reasons. For example:
the FDA may not deem a product candidate safe and effective;
the FDA may not find the data from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials sufficient to support approval;
the FDA may require additional pre-clinical studies or clinical trials;
the FDA may not approvedevelopment prospects of our third-party manufacturers' processes and facilities; or
the FDA may change its approval policies or adopt new regulations.
Product candidates such as ZX008 and Relday,would have a material and any ofadverse impact on our other product candidates, may not be approved even if they achieve their specified endpoints in clinical trials. The FDA may disagree with our trial design and our interpretation of data from clinical trials, or may change the requirements for approval even after it has reviewed and commented on the design for our clinical trials. The FDA may also approve a product candidate for fewer or more limited indications than we request or may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-approval clinical trials. In addition, the FDA may not approve the labeling claims that we believe are necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of our product candidates. Approval may be contingent on a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS program, which limits the labeling, distribution or promotion of a drug product.

ZX008, Relday and any of our other product candidates may not achieve their specified endpoints in clinical trials. The safety and effectiveness of ZX008 has been evaluated in a continuing, long-term, open-label, study in patients with Dravet syndrome at a single academic medical institution in Belgium. In January 2016 we initiated a Phase 3 clinical trial in the United States for ZX008 as an adjunctive treatment of seizures in children with Dravet syndrome. This study initiation followed FDA acceptance of our investigational new drug, or IND, application for ZX008 in December 2015. The Phase 3 program for ZX008 includes two randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled studies that will include two dose levels of ZX008 (0.2 mg/kg/day and 0.8 mg/kg/day, up to a maximum daily dose of 30 mg), as well as placebo. We intend to enroll 105 subjects in each of the two studies, with 35 patients in each treatment arm. The first study will be conducted in North America. The other study will be a multi-national study, conducted primarily in western Europe which commenced in June 2016. The primary endpoint of both trials is the change in frequency of convulsive seizures as compared to placebo. The key secondary endpoints include 40% and 50% responder analyses, which are important for European regulatory submissions, and the convulsive seizure free interval, which is of significant interest to parents and to patients. In addition, a one-year, open-label safety study will be offered to eligible subjects who complete one of these trials. We expect to receive top-line results from each of these trials in the second quarter of 2017. Additionally, we intend to initiate the enrollment of patients in our European study of Dravet syndrome patients who are poor responders to a stiripentol treatment regime in the fourth quarter of this year. However, we may not be able to identify and enroll sufficient study participants and interpret results on these timeframes, and consequently the completion of our Phase 3 clinical trials may be delayed.
We initiated a Phase 1 safety and pharmacokinetic clinical trial for Relday in July 2012 and announced positive single-dose pharmacokinetic results from this trial in January 2013. Based on the favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profile demonstrated with the 25 mg and 50 mg once-monthly doses tested in the Phase 1 trial, we extended the study to include an additional cohort of ten patients at a 100 mg dose of the same formulation and announced positive top-line results from the extended Phase 1 clinical trial in May 2013. The positive results from this study extension positioned us to begin a multi-dose clinical trial, which will provide the required steady-state pharmacokinetic and safety data prior to initiating Phase 3 development studies. We started this multi-dose clinical trial in the first half of 2015, and we announced positive top-line pharmacokinetic data in September 2015. Based on this data, we have initiated efforts to secure a global strategic development and commercialization partner for Relday to support the continued development of Relday. If we are unable to secure such a partner on favorable terms, or at all, we will evaluate the continued development of Relday.
If we are unable to obtain regulatory approval for ZX008, Relday or any other product candidates on the timeline we anticipate, we may not be able to execute our business strategy effectively and our ability to generate revenues may be limited.
business.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information
None.

Item 6. Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX 
Exhibit
Number
 Description
   
3.1(2) Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
   
3.2(5) Certificate of Amendment of Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
   
3.3(7) Certificate of Amendment of Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
   
3.4(2) Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant
   
4.1(3) Form of the Registrant’s Common Stock Certificate
   
4.2(1) Third Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement dated December 2, 2009
   
4.3(1) Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement dated as of July 1, 2010
   
4.4(4) Second Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement dated June 30, 2011
   
4.5(1) Warrant dated June 30, 2008 issued by the Registrant to Oxford Finance Corporation
   
4.6(1) Transfer of Warrant dated March 24, 2009 from CIT Healthcare LLC to The CIT Group/Equity Investments, Inc.
   
4.7(4) Warrant dated July 18, 2011 issued by the Registrant to Healthcare Royalty Partners (formerly Cowen Healthcare Royalty Partners II, L.P.)
   
4.8(6) Warrant dated December 30, 2014 issued by the Registrant to Oxford Finance LLC
   
4.9(6) Warrant dated December 30, 2014 issued by the Registrant to Silicon Valley Bank
   
10.1Amendment #3 to the Manufacturing Services Agreement dated as of August 23, 2016 by and between the Registrant and Patheon UK Limited
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted)
   
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted)
   
32.1* Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted)
   
32.2* Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted)
   
101 The following financial statements from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017 formatted in XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss),Loss, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (iv) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
(1)Filed with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 on September 3, 2010.
(2)Filed with Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 on October 27, 2010.
(3)Filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 on November 4, 2010.
(4)Filed with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on August 11, 2011.
(5)Filed with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on November 8, 2012.
(6)Filed with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K on December 31, 2014.
(7)Filed with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on August 10, 2015.

# Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

*These certifications are being furnished solely to accompany this quarterly report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and are not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not subject to the liability of that section. These certifications are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Zogenix, Inc., whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.



SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
    
   ZOGENIX, INC.
    
Date:November 7, 2016August 8, 2017By:/s/ Stephen J. Farr
   President and Chief Executive Officer
   (Principal Executive Officer)
    
Date:November 7, 2016August 8, 2017By:/s/ Ann D. RhoadsMichael P. Smith
   Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
   (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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