UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒
☒	Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

	For the quarterly period ended September 30, ~~2017~~2023

☐	Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

	For the transition period from ~~_______________~~ to ~~_____________~~

Commission File Number:000-19202

ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Michigan (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		38-2659066 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

109 East Division Sparta, Michigan (Address of Principal Executive Offices)		49345 (Zip Code)

~~(616)~~ (616) 887-7366 (Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

Indicate by ~~checkmark~~check mark whether the ~~Registrant:~~registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the ~~Registrant~~registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Website, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files).

Yes☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” ~~and~~ “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐☒	Smaller reporting company ☒

Emerging growth company ☐

~~Emerging growth company ☐~~

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ~~Yes~~ ☐ ~~No ☐~~

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock	COFS	NASDAQ Capital Market

As of October 31, ~~2017,~~2023, the Registrant had ~~outstanding 3,451,987~~7,545,094 shares of common ~~stock.~~stock outstanding.

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Consolidated Statements Of Income	4
	Consolidated Statements Of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	6
	Consolidated Statements Of Changes In Shareholders’ Equity	7
	Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows	9
	Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	43
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	55
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	56
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	56
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	56
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	56
Item 5.	Other Information	56
Item 6.	Exhibits	57
Signatures		58

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements.

ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	September 30,			December 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)	2023			2022
	(Unaudited)			(Audited)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	144,323		$	43,593
Time deposits in other financial institutions		350			350
Cash and cash equivalents		144,673			43,943

Equity securities, at fair value (Note 2)		7,262			8,566
Securities available for sale, at fair value (Note 2)		490,804			529,749
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost net of credit losses (Note 2)		414,743			425,906
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		4,449			3,517
Federal Reserve Bank stock		5,065			5,064
Loans held for sale		5,222			4,834
Loans to other financial institutions (Note 3)		23,763			—
Core loans (Note 3)		1,286,037			1,189,782
Total loans (Note 3)		1,309,800			1,189,782
Allowance for credit losses (Note 3)		(14,872	)		(7,619	)
Loans, net		1,294,928			1,182,163

Premises and equipment, net		29,628			28,232
Other real estate owned, net		122			—
Cash value of life insurance policies		44,788			43,978
Goodwill		59,946			59,946
Core deposit intangible		2,057			2,809
Other assets		70,509			47,208
Total assets	$	2,574,196		$	2,385,915

Liabilities
Deposits – noninterest-bearing	$	531,962		$	599,579
Deposits – interest-bearing		1,551,995			1,518,424
Brokered deposits		49,238			-
Total deposits		2,133,195			2,118,003

Borrowings		180,000			50,000
Subordinated debentures		35,446			35,262
Other liabilities		44,394			13,776
Total liabilities		2,393,035			2,217,041

Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock; shares authorized: 100,000; shares outstanding: none		—			—
Common stock and paid-in capital, no par value; shares authorized: 15,000,000; shares outstanding: 7,541,187 at September 30, 2023 and 7,516,098 at December 31, 2022		173,187			172,277
Retained earnings		70,444			68,394
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net		(62,470	)		(71,797	)
Total shareholders’ equity		181,161			168,874
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,574,196		$	2,385,915

September 30, December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2017 2016
(Unaudited) (Audited)
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 12,725 $ 14,809

Securities available for sale (Note 2) 173,306 174,388
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 1,994 1,994
Federal Reserve Bank stock 1,573 1,573

Loans held for sale 2,378 1,974
Loans to other financial institutions 13,293 —
Loans (Note 3) 394,090 369,000
Allowance for loan losses (Note 3) (4,216 ) (4,277 )
Loans, net 389,874 364,723

Premises and equipment, net 12,271 12,588
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies 14,415 14,117
Goodwill 13,728 13,728
Other assets 6,495 7,477
Total assets $ 642,052 $ 607,371

Liabilities
Deposits – noninterest-bearing $ 136,542 $ 127,611
Deposits – interest-bearing 389,296 384,775
Total deposits 525,838 512,386

Federal funds purchased 2,650 —
Repurchase agreements 3,794 7,913
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank 30,276 12,301
Other liabilities 3,188 3,073
Total liabilities 565,746 535,673

Shareholders’ Equity
Common stock and paid in capital, no par value; shares authorized: 7,000,000; shares outstanding: 3,451,445 at September 30, 2017 and 3,277,944 at December 31, 2016 50,307 46,299
Retained earnings 25,281 25,997
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net 718 (598 )
Total shareholders’ equity 76,306 71,698
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 642,052 $ 607,371

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) September 30, September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
Interest income
Loans, including fees $ 4,592 $ 4,210 $ 13,157 $ 12,293
Securities:
Taxable 651 594 1,935 1,731
Tax exempt 355 358 1,068 1,088
Other 26 5 50 14
Total interest income 5,624 5,167 16,210 15,126

Interest expense
Deposits 320 190 860 599
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank 62 44 169 119
Other 3 2 10 7
Total interest expense 385 236 1,039 725

Net interest income 5,239 4,931 15,171 14,401
Provision for loan losses 95 — 120 —

Net interest income after provision for loan losses 5,144 4,931 15,051 14,401

Noninterest income
Customer service charges 1,058 1,030 3,081 3,020
Insurance and investment commissions 260 290 760 740
Gains on sales of loans 355 508 920 1,345
Gains on sales of securities 51 28 177 255
(Losses) gains on sales and write-downs of other assets 17 (3 ) 21 (26 )
Earnings on life insurance policies 101 88 299 265
Other 141 124 399 360
Total noninterest income 1,983 2,065 5,657 5,959

Noninterest expense
Salaries and benefits 2,619 2,542 7,725 7,519
Occupancy and equipment 702 626 2,099 1,959
Data processing 551 556 1,681 1,654
Professional fees 287 232 778 700
Supplies and postage 102 92 293 312
Advertising and promotional 58 52 185 184
Intangible amortization — 112 — 336
FDIC insurance 51 78 151 218
Other 421 379 1,327 1,485
Total noninterest expense 4,791 4,669 14,239 14,367

Income before income tax 2,336 2,327 6,470 5,993
Income tax expense 616 644 1,668 1,591

Net income $ 1,720 $ 1,683 $ 4,801 $ 4,402

Basic earnings per share (Note 4) * $ 0.50 $ 0.50 $ 1.39 $ 1.28
Diluted earnings per share (Note 4) * $ 0.50 $ 0.50 $ 1.39 $ 1.28
Dividends declared per share * $ 0.17 $ 0.16 $ 0.50 $ 0.49


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)	September 30,						September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Interest income
Loans, including fees	$	17,774		$	13,611		$	48,625		$	38,432
Securities:
Taxable		5,346			3,972			15,637			11,001
Tax exempt		1,420			1,464			4,244			4,678
Other		1,764			238			2,512			314
Total interest income		26,304			19,285			71,018			54,425

Interest expense
Deposits		7,237			1,563			15,569			3,342
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank		272			5			1,498			8
Other		2,569			379			4,622			1,127
Total interest expense		10,078			1,947			21,689			4,477

Net interest income		16,226			17,338			49,329			49,948
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans		438			100			332			100
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on unfunded commitments		(438	)		—			(557	)		—
Net Provision for (reversal of) credit losses expense		-			100			(225	)		100
Net interest income after provision		16,226			17,238			49,554			49,848

Noninterest income
Customer service charges		2,382			2,458			6,920			7,000
Insurance and investment commissions		173			158			541			596
Gains on sales of loans		536			432			1,479			2,123
Net gains (losses) on sales of securities		(71	)		(378	)		(71	)		(805	)
Net gains on sales and write downs of other assets		13			—			149			172
Earnings on life insurance policies		278			259			810			793
Trust income		197			174			577			528
Change in market value of equity securities		(134	)		(323	)		(456	)		(1,006	)
Other		330			267			911			922
Total noninterest income		3,704			3,047			10,860			10,323

Noninterest expense
Salaries and benefits		8,038			7,668			23,958			22,811
Occupancy and equipment		1,427			1,545			4,577			4,688
Data processing		1,724			1,734			5,087			5,056
Professional fees		435			559			1,675			1,628
Supplies and postage		192			184			580			541
Advertising and promotional		269			199			573			478
Intangible amortization		247			297			752			901
FDIC insurance		270			195			790			645
Other		1,126			1,035			3,304			3,515
Total noninterest expense		13,728			13,416			41,296			40,263

Income before income tax		6,202			6,869			19,118			19,908
Income tax expense		1,080			1,056			3,150			2,952

Net income	$	5,122		$	5,813		$	15,968		$	16,956

Basic earnings per share (Note 4)	$	0.68		$	0.77		$	2.12		$	2.26
Diluted earnings per share (Note 4)	$	0.68		$	0.77		$	2.12		$	2.26
Dividends declared per share	$	0.26		$	0.25		$	0.78		$	0.75

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

*Note that 2016 per-share amounts have been adjusted for the 5% stock dividend paid on May 31, 2017.

ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30,						September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income	$	5,122		$	5,813		$	15,968		$	16,956

Other comprehensive income:
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities		(21,739	)		(25,073	)		(13,063	)		(99,584	)
Income tax benefit (expense)		4,565			5,265			2,743			20,913
Less: reclassification adjustment for net (gain) loss included in net income		-			378			-			805
Income tax benefit (expense)		-			(79	)		-			(169	)
Less: reclassification adjustment for net (gain) loss for fair value hedge		9,189			-			9,920			-
Income tax benefit (expense)		(1,930	)		-			(2,083	)		-
Less: net unrealized (gains) losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity		-			-			-			3,404
Income tax benefit (expense)		-			-			-			(715	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax		(9,915	)		(19,509	)		(2,483	)		(75,346	)

Reclassification of unrealized gain (loss) upon transfer of securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity		-			-			-			(3,404	)
Income tax benefit (expense)		-			-			-			715
Amortization of net unrealized (gains) losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity		67			53			261			297
Income tax benefit (expense)		(14	)		(11	)		(55	)		(62	)
Unrealized loss on held to maturity securities, net of tax		53			42			206			(2,454	)

Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge		9,625			6,618			12,748			1,042
Income tax benefit (expense)		(2,021	)		(1,390	)		(2,677	)		(219	)
Less: reclassification adjustment for net (gain) loss on cash flow hedge		-			-			-			-
Income tax benefit (expense)		-			-			-			-
Less: amortization of net unrealized (gains) losses included in net income		897			416			1,940			723
Income tax benefit (expense)		(188	)		(87	)		(407	)		(152	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge instruments, net of tax		8,313			5,557			11,604			1,394

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(1,549	)		(13,910	)		9,327			(76,406	)

Comprehensive income (loss)	$	3,573		$	(8,097	)	$	25,295		$	(59,450	)

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
Net income $ 1,720 $ 1,683 $ 4,801 $ 4,402
Other comprehensive income:

Changes in net unrealized gains (loss) on investment securities available for sale, net of tax expense of $(171) and $35 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 respectively. Changes in net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale, net of tax expense of $738 and $747 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 respectively. (333 ) 68 1,433 1,450

Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized gain on sale of investment securities available for sale included in net income, net of tax benefit of $17 and $9 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30,2016 respectively. Reclassification adjustment for realized gain on sale of investment securities available for sale included in net income, net of tax benefit of $60 and $87 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 respectively. (34 ) (19 ) (117 ) (168 )

Other comprehensive income, net of tax (367 ) 49 1,316 1,282

Comprehensive income $ 1,353 $ 1,732 $ 6,117 $ 5,684

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

For the three months ended September 30,

Accumulated
Common Other
Stock and Comprehensive
Number of Paid in Retained Income (Loss),
(Dollars in thousands) Shares Capital Earnings Net Total

Balance, January 1, 2016 3,295,228 $ 46,501 $ 22,138 $ 1,203 $ 69,842
Net income 4,402 4,402
Other comprehensive income 1,282 1,282
Shares issued 11,559 137 137
Shares repurchased (35,000 ) (794 ) (794 )
Change in ESOP repurchase obligation 127 127
Effect of employee stock purchases 9 9
Stock-based compensation 3,414 248 248
Cash dividends declared ($0.49 per share) * (1,674 ) (1,674 )

Balance, September 30, 2016 3,275,201 $ 46,228 $ 24,866 $ 2,485 $ 73,579

Balance, January 1, 2017 3,277,944 $ 46,299 $ 25,997 $ (598 ) $ 71,698
Net income 4,801 4,801
Other comprehensive income 1,316 1,316
Shares issued 7,115 115 115
Shares repurchased (3,800 ) (88 ) (88 )
Effect of employee stock purchases 9 9
Stock options exercised 1,000 13 13
Stock-based compensation expense 180 180
Restricted stock units issued 5,197 — —
Stock dividend declared (5%) 163,989 3,779 (3,779 ) —
Cash dividends declared ($0.50 per share) (1,738 ) (1,738 )

Balance, September 30, 2017 3,451,445 $ 50,307 $ 25,281 $ 718 $ 76,306


								Accumulated
			Common					Other
			Stock and					Comprehensive
	Number of		Paid in		Retained			Income/(Loss),
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Shares		Capital		Earnings			Net			Total

Balance, July 1, 2022		7,503,072	$	171,804	$	59,728		$	(65,072	)	$	166,460

Net income						5,813						5,813
Other comprehensive income (loss)									(13,910	)		(13,910	)
Shares issued		6,964		32								32
Effect of employee stock purchases				6								6
Stock-based compensation expense				133								133
Cash dividends declared ($0.25 per share)						(1,877	)					(1,877	)

Balance, September 30, 2022		7,510,036	$	171,975	$	63,664		$	(78,982	)	$	156,657


Balance, July 1, 2023		7,534,658	$	172,880	$	67,281		$	(60,921	)	$	179,240

Net income						5,122						5,122
Other comprehensive income (loss)									(1,549	)		(1,549	)
Shares issued		6,529		131								131
Effect of employee stock purchases				9								9
Stock-based compensation expense				167								167
Cash dividends declared ($0.26 per share)						(1,959	)					(1,959	)

Balance, September 30, 2023		7,541,187	$	173,187	$	70,444		$	(62,470	)	$	181,161

ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

For the nine months ended September 30,


										Accumulated
				Common						Other
				Stock and						Comprehensive
	Number of			Paid in			Retained			Income/(Loss),
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Shares			Capital			Earnings			Net			Total

Balance, January 1, 2022		7,510,379		$	171,913		$	52,332		$	(2,576	)	$	221,669

Net income								16,956						16,956
Other comprehensive income (loss)											(76,406	)		(76,406	)
Shares issued		25,556			304									304
Effect of employee stock purchases					19									19
Stock options exercised and issued					421									421
Shares repurchased		(25,899	)		(682	)								(682	)
Cash dividends declared ($0.75 per share)								(5,624	)					(5,624	)

Balance, September 30, 2022		7,510,036		$	171,975		$	63,664		$	(78,982	)	$	156,657


Balance, January 1, 2023		7,516,098		$	172,277		$	68,394		$	(71,797	)	$	168,874
Adoption of ASU 2016-13 (CECL) on January 1, 2023								(8,046	)					(8,046	)
Balance, January 1, 2023		7,516,098		$	172,277		$	60,348		$	(71,797	)	$	160,828

Net income								15,968						15,968
Other comprehensive income (loss)											9,327			9,327
Shares issued		25,089			428									428
Effect of employee stock purchases					23									23
Stock-based compensation expense					459									459
Cash dividends declared ($0.78 per share)								(5,872	)					(5,872	)

Balance, September 30, 2023		7,541,187		$	173,187		$	70,444		$	(62,470	)	$	181,161

ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	15,968		$	16,956
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
(Reversal of) provision for credit losses		(225	)		100
Depreciation		1,854			2,041
Amortization		7,495			8,145
Compensation expense on employee and director stock purchases, stock options, and restricted stock units		741			726
Net losses (gains) on sales of available for sale securities		71			805
Net change in market value of equity securities		456			1,006
Gains on sales of loans		(1,479	)		(2,123	)
Loans originated for sale		(37,845	)		(68,434	)
Proceeds from loan sales		38,330			70,155
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance		(810	)		(793	)
Proceeds from BOLI policy		-			130
Earnings on death benefit from bank-owned life insurance		-			(14	)
(Gains)/losses on sales of other real estate owned		-			(41	)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned		144			235
Deferred federal income tax (benefit)/expense		138			169
Net change in:
Other assets		4,443			(4,461	)
Other liabilities		28,049			7,423
Net cash provided by operating activities		57,330			32,025

Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales of securities available for sale		-			47,167
Sales of equity securities		887			-
Maturities, prepayments and calls of securities available for sale		21,981			39,024
Maturities, prepayments and calls of securities held to maturity		10,218			6,277
Purchases of securities available for sale		(110	)		(54,347	)
Purchases of securities held to maturity		(597	)		(7,505	)
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock		(4,849	)		-
Proceeds from redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock		3,916			-
Loan originations and payments, net		(120,271	)		(73,321	)
Additions to premises and equipment		(3,454	)		(1,238	)
Proceeds from (payments for) derivative contracts, net		382			(16,547	)
Payments for derivative contracts settlements		(4,191	)		-
Net cash flows from investing activities		(96,088	)		(60,490	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits		15,192			104,360
Net change in short term borrowings		130,000			(50,000	)
Issuance of common stock		168			80
Repurchase of common stock		-			(682	)
Share based compensation withholding obligation		-			(62	)
Cash dividends		(5,872	)		(5,624	)
Cash related to equity issuance for merger		-			-
Net cash provided by financing activities		139,488			48,072

Net change in cash and cash equivalents		100,730			19,607
Beginning cash and cash equivalents		43,943			31,887

Ending cash and cash equivalents	$	144,673		$	51,494

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	18,393		$	4,738
Cash paid for income taxes		3,900			200
Loans transferred to other real estate owned		266			-

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements.

*Note that 2016 per-share amounts have been adjusted for the 5% stock dividend paid on May 31, 2017.

ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.
~~CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS~~ ~~(Unaudited)~~

Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) September 30,
2017 2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 4,801 $ 4,402
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Provision for loan losses 120 —
Depreciation 944 757
Amortization 814 1,199
Compensation expense on stock purchases and restricted stock units 241 257
Gains on sales of securities (177 ) (255 )
Gains on sales of loans (920 ) (1,345 )
Loans originated for sale (28,356 ) (39,173 )
Proceeds from loan sales 27,922 42,313
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance (299 ) (265 )
Gains on sales of other real estate owned (10 ) 3
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned 579 28
Deferred federal income tax benefit (29 ) (86 )
Net changes in other assets 572 (135 )
Net changes in other liabilities (532 ) 481
Net cash from operating activities 5,670 8,181
Cash flows from investing activities:
Securities available for sale:
Sales 22,521 14,538
Maturities, prepayments and calls 14,163 33,412
Purchases (33,998 ) (63,780 )
Loan originations and payments, net (38,235 ) (13,700 )
Additions to premises and equipment (413 ) (1,112 )
Net cash from investing activities (35,962 ) (30,642 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits 13,452 2,691
Net change in repurchase agreements (4,119 ) (3,043 )
Net change in federal funds purchased 2,650 624
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances 166,500 271,000
Payments on Federal Home Loan Bank advances (148,525 ) (245,023 )
Issuance of common stock 76 137
Repurchase of common stock (88 ) (794 )
Cash dividends (1,738 ) (1,674 )
Net cash from financing activities 28,208 23,918
Net change in cash and cash equivalents (2,084 ) 1,457
Beginning cash and cash equivalents 14,809 11,187
Ending cash and cash equivalents $ 12,725 $ 12,644
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest $ 1,029 $ 726
Cash paid for taxes $ 1,150 $ 925
Loans transferred to other real estate owned $ 314 $ 483

~~See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements.~~

~~ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.~~
NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 -– SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc. ~~(“ChoiceOne”~~("ChoiceOne") ~~and~~, its wholly-owned subsidiary, ChoiceOne Bank, ~~(the “Bank”),~~ and ~~the~~ChoiceOne Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary, ChoiceOne Insurance Agencies, Inc. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

~~The unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations~~ChoiceOne owns all of the ~~Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with~~common securities of Community Shores Capital Trust I (the “Capital Trust”). Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ~~have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules~~("GAAP"), the Capital Trust is not consolidated because it is a variable interest entity and ~~regulations, although~~ChoiceOne is not the ~~company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading.~~primary beneficiary.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto reflect all adjustments ordinary in nature which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016.such financial statements. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, ~~2017.~~2023.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in ChoiceOne’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2022.

Use of Estimates

~~Allowance for Loan Losses~~

~~The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb probable incurred losses inherent~~To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the ~~consolidated loan portfolio. Management’s evaluation~~United States of ~~the adequacy of the allowance is an estimate~~America, ChoiceOne’s management makes estimates and assumptions based on ~~reviews of individual loans, assessments of~~available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the ~~impact of current economic conditions on~~amounts reported in the ~~portfolio and historical loss experience of seasoned loan portfolios. See Note 3 to the interim consolidated~~ financial statements ~~for additional information.~~

~~Management believes~~and the ~~accounting estimate related~~disclosures provided. These estimates and assumptions are subject to many risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates associated with the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses ~~is a “critical accounting estimate” because (1)~~and the ~~estimate is highly~~unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale and held to maturity are particularly susceptible to ~~change~~change.

Investment Securities

Investment securities for which ChoiceOne has the intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and are carried at amortized cost. Investment securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes, as a separate component of other comprehensive income. ChoiceOne determines the appropriate classification of investment securities at the time of purchase and reassesses the classification at each reporting date. Additions to securities held to maturity consist mostly of local issue municipals.

Goodwill

Goodwill results from ~~period to period because of assumptions concerning~~business acquisitions and represents the ~~changes in the types and volumes~~excess of the ~~portfolios and economic conditions and (2)~~purchase price over the ~~impact~~fair value of ~~recognizing an impairment or loan loss could have a material effect on ChoiceOne’s reported~~the acquired tangible assets and ~~net income.~~liabilities and identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase or business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized but tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed.

Core Deposit Intangible

Core deposit intangible represents the value of the acquired customer core deposit bases and is included as an asset on the consolidated balance sheets. The core deposit intangible has an estimated finite life, is amortized on an accelerated basis over a 120 month period and is subject to periodic impairment evaluation.

Stock Transactions

A total of ~~3,881~~3,340 shares of common stock were issued to ChoiceOne’s Board of Directors for a cash price of ~~$89,000~~$76,000 under the terms of the Directors’ Stock Purchase Plan in the ~~first nine months~~third quarter of ~~2017.~~2023. A total of ~~1,000~~3,189 shares ~~of common stock were issued upon the exercise of stock options in the first three quarters of 2017. A total of 3,234 shares of common stock were issued to employees~~ for a cash price of ~~$62,000~~$53,000 were issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan in the ~~first nine months~~third quarter of ~~2017. A~~2023. ChoiceOne's common stock repurchase program announced in April 2021 and amended in 2022, authorizes repurchases of up to 375,388 shares, representing 5% of the total ~~of 5,197~~outstanding shares of common stock ~~were issued to employees for Restricted Stock Units that vested during the first nine months of 2017.~~

~~Stock-Based Compensation~~

~~Effective July 1, 2013, ChoiceOne began granting Restricted Stock Units to a select group of employees under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2012. All~~as of the ~~Restricted Stock Units are initially unvested and vest in three annual installments on each of~~date the ~~next three anniversaries of the grant date. Certain additional vesting provisions apply. Each unit, once vested, is settled by delivery of one share of ChoiceOne common stock.~~

~~Comprehensive Income~~

~~Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income or loss. Other comprehensive income or loss includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale and changes~~program was adopted. No shares were repurchased under this program in the ~~funded status~~third quarter of ~~post-retirement plans, net of tax, which are also recognized as a separate component of shareholders’ equity.~~2023.

Reclassifications

~~Revenue Recognition~~

~~The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09,~~~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)~~. The ASU adopts a standardized approach for revenue recognition and was a joint effort with the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The new revenue recognition standard is based on a core principle of recognizing revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU does not apply to financial instruments. The ASU is effective for public entities for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (therefore, for the year ending December 31, 2018 for the Corporation). Early implementation is not allowed for public companies. Management is completing an overall assessment of noninterest revenue streams and evaluating the expanded disclosure requirements.

~~Reclassifications~~

Certain amounts presented in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL")

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU (as subsequently amended by ASU 2018-19) significantly changed how entities measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard replaced the former “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model. The new model, referred to as the CECL model, applies to financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. The standard also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the ACL. In addition, entities need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination. A reasonable and supportable economic forecast is a key component of the CECL methodology.

ChoiceOne adopted CECL effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under CECL while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with the incurred loss accounting standards. The transition adjustment of the CECL adoption included an increase in the ACL of $7.2 million, which included a $5.5 million decrease to the retained earnings account to reflect the cumulative effect of adopting CECL on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, with the $1.5 million tax impact portion being recorded as part of the deferred tax asset in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The transition adjustment of the CECL adoption included an additional ACL on unfunded commitments of $3.3 million, which included a $2.6 million decrease to the retained earnings account to reflect the cumulative effect of adopting CECL on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, with the $688,000 tax impact portion being recorded as part of the deferred tax asset in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The ACL is a valuation allowance for expected credit losses. The ACL is increased by the provision for credit losses and decreased by loans charged off less any recoveries of charged off loans. As ChoiceOne has had very limited loss experience since 2011, management elected to utilize benchmark peer loss history data to estimate historical loss rates. ChoiceOne worked with a third party advisory firm to identify an appropriate peer group for each loan cohort which shared similar characteristics. Management estimates the ACL required based on the selected peer group loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, a reasonable and supportable economic forecast, and other factors. Allocations of the ACL may be made for specific loans, but the entire ACL is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. Loan losses are charged against the ACL when management believes that collection of a loan balance is not possible.

The ACL consists of general and specific components. The general component covers loans collectively evaluated for credit losses and is based on peer historical loss experience adjusted for current and forecasted factors. Management's adjustment for current and forecasted factors is based on trends in delinquencies, trends in charge-offs and recoveries, trends in the volume of loans, changes in underwriting standards, trends in loan review findings, the experience and ability of lending staff, and a reasonable and supportable economic forecast described further below.

The discounted cash flow methodology is utilized for all loan pools. This methodology is supported by our CECL software provider and allows management to automatically calculate contractual life by factoring in all cash flows and adjusting them for behavioral and credit-related aspects.

Reasonable and supportable economic forecasts have to be incorporated in determining expected credit losses. The forecast period represents the time frame from the current period end through the point in time that we can reasonably forecast and support entity and environmental factors that are expected to impact the performance of our loan portfolio. Ideally, the economic forecast period would encompass the contractual terms of all loans; however, the ability to produce a forecast that is considered reasonable and supportable becomes more difficult or may not be possible in later periods. Subsequent to the end of the forecast period, we revert to historical loan data based on an ongoing evaluation of each economic forecast in relation to then current economic conditions as well as any developing loan loss activity and resulting historical data. As of September 30, 2023, we used a one-year reasonable and supportable economic forecast period, with a two year straight-line reversion period.

We are not required to develop and use our own economic forecast model, and we elected to utilize economic forecasts from third-party providers that analyze and develop forecasts of the economy for the entire United States at least quarterly.

Other inputs to the calculation are also updated or reviewed quarterly. Prepayment speeds are updated on a one quarter lag based on the asset liability model from the previous quarter. This model is performed at the loan level by a third party. Curtailment is updated quarterly within the ACL model based on our peer group average. The reversion period is reviewed by management quarterly with

consideration of the current economic climate. Prepayment speeds and curtailment were updated during the third quarter of 2023; however, the effect was insignificant.

We are also required to consider expected credit losses associated with loan commitments over the contractual period in which we are exposed to credit risk on the underlying commitments unless the obligation is unconditionally cancellable by us. Any allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures is reported as an other liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheet and is increased or decreased via the provision for credit losses account on our Consolidated Statement of Income. The calculation includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and forecasted credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over their estimated lives. The allowance is calculated using the same aggregate reserve rates calculated for the funded portion of loans at the portfolio level applied to the amount of commitments expected to be funded.

Securities Available for Sale - For securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, management determines whether they intend to sell or if it is more likely than not that ChoiceOne will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income with an allowance being established under CECL. For securities AFS with unrealized losses not meeting these criteria, management evaluates whether any decline in fair value is due to credit loss factors. In making this assessment, management considers any changes to the rating of the security by rating agencies and adverse conditions specifically related to the issuer of the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Changes in the ACL under ASC 326-30 are recorded as provisions for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance when the collectability of a debt security AFS is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes. At September 30, 2023 and at adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023, there was no ACL related to debt securities AFS. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Securities Held to Maturity - Since the adoption of CECL, ChoiceOne measures credit losses on HTM securities on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The ACL on securities HTM is a contra asset valuation account that is deducted from the carrying amount of HTM securities to present the net amount expected to be collected. HTM securities are charged off against the ACL when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the ACL are reported in ChoiceOne’s Consolidated Statements of Income in the provision for credit losses. Accrued interest receivable on HTM securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. With regard to US Treasury securities, these have an explicit government guarantee; therefore, no ACL is recorded for these securities. With regard to obligations of states and political subdivisions and other HTM securities, management considers (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. At September 30, 2023, the ACL related to securities HTM is insignificant.

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are excluded from the collective evaluation. ChoiceOne has determined that any loans which have been placed on non-performing status, loans with a risk rating of 6 or higher, and loans past due more than 60 days will be assessed individually for evaluation. Management's judgment will be used to determine if the loan should be migrated back to pool on an individual basis. Individual analysis will establish a specific reserve for loans in scope. Specific reserves on non-performing loans are typically based on management’s best estimate of the fair value of collateral securing these loans, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate or based on the present value of the expected cash flows from that loan.

Troubled Loan Modifications

FASB also issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. This standard eliminated the previous accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings and added additional disclosure requirements for gross chargeoffs by year of origination. It also prescribes guidance for reporting modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

Investment in Equity Method and Joint Ventures

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Venture (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. The amendments in this ASU permit reporting entities to account for the tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method. This update will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. ChoiceOne is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 -– SECURITIES

The fair value of equity securities and the related gross unrealized gains and (losses) recognized in noninterest income were as follows:


	September 30, 2023
			Gross		Gross
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Equity securities	$	7,928	$	208	$	(874	)	$	7,262


	December 31, 2022
			Gross		Gross
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Equity securities	$	8,982	$	305	$	(721	)	$	8,566

The following tables present the amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale and the ~~related~~ gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and the amortized cost and fair value of securities held to maturity and the related gross unrealized gains and losses. Mortgage backed security and collateralized mortgage obligation maturities are based on the average life at the prepayment speed and all other security types are based on the pre-refund date, call date, or maturity date:


	September 30, 2023
			Gross		Gross
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
Available for Sale:	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
U.S. Treasury notes and bonds	$	90,463	$	-	$	(13,431	)	$	77,032
State and municipal		260,976		-		(48,262	)		212,714
Mortgage-backed		219,113		9		(30,058	)		189,064
Corporate		760		-		(51	)		709
Asset-backed securities		11,675		-		(390	)		11,285
Total	$	582,987	$	9	$	(92,192	)	$	490,804

Held to Maturity:
U.S. Government and federal agency	$	2,971	$	-	$	(396	)	$	2,575
State and municipal		196,580		3		(42,986	)		153,597
Mortgage-backed		194,545		-		(33,599	)		160,946
Corporate		20,005		16		(3,117	)		16,904
Asset-backed securities		642		-		(39	)		603
Total	$	414,743	$	19	$	(80,137	)	$	334,625


	December 31, 2022
			Gross		Gross
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
Available for Sale:	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
U.S. Treasury notes and bonds	$	90,810	$	-	$	(12,606	)	$	78,204
State and municipal		277,489		-		(47,551	)		229,938
Mortgage-backed		236,703		-		(28,140	)		208,563
Corporate		757		-		(46	)		711
Asset-backed securities		13,031		-		(698	)		12,333
Total	$	618,790	$	-	$	(89,041	)	$	529,749

Held to Maturity:
U.S. Government and federal agency	$	2,966	$	-	$	(421	)	$	2,545
State and municipal		201,890		1		(39,355	)		162,536
Mortgage-backed		200,473		-		(29,868	)		170,605
Corporate		19,603		-		(2,285	)		17,318
Asset-backed securities		974		-		(77	)		897
Total	$	425,906	$	1	$	(72,006	)	$	353,901

Available for sale securities with unrealized losses as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position, were as follows:


	September 30, 2023
	Less than 12 months				More than 12 months				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
Available for Sale:	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
U.S. Treasury notes and bonds	$	-	$	-	$	77,032	$	13,431	$	77,032	$	13,431
State and municipal		529		35		212,185		48,227		212,714		48,262
Mortgage-backed		4,099		160		174,956		29,898		179,055		30,058
Corporate		-		-		709		51		709		51
Asset-backed securities		-		-		11,285		390		11,285		390
Total temporarily impaired	$	4,628	$	195	$	476,167	$	91,997	$	480,795	$	92,192


	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 months				More than 12 months				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
Available for Sale:	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
U.S. Treasury notes and bonds	$	-	$	-	$	78,204	$	12,606	$	78,204	$	12,606
State and municipal		89,158		12,612		140,390		34,939		229,548		47,551
Mortgage-backed		63,249		3,093		144,318		25,047		207,567		28,140
Corporate		711		46		-		-		711		46
Asset-backed securities		-		-		12,333		698		12,333		698
Total temporarily impaired	$	153,118	$	15,751	$	375,245	$	73,290	$	528,363	$	89,041

September 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) Amortized
Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value
U.S. Government and federal agency $ 51,086 $ 11 $ (444 ) $ 50,653
U.S. Treasury 4,025 — (10 ) 4,015
State and municipal 94,360 1,459 (224 ) 95,595
Mortgage-backed 9,501 17 (98 ) 9,420
Corporate 5,696 16 (17 ) 5,695
Foreign debt 4,512 — (72 ) 4,440
Equity securities 3,083 294 — 3,377
Asset-backed securities 112 — (1 ) 111
Total $ 172,375 $ 1,797 $ (866 ) $ 173,306

Held to maturity securities with unrealized losses as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position, were as follows:

	December 31, 2016
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		September 30, 2023
										Less than 12 months				More than 12 months				Total
(Dollars in thousands)										Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
Held to Maturity:										Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
U.S. Government and federal agency	$	59,864	$	34	$	(846	)	$	59,052	$	-	$	-	$	2,575	$	396	$	2,575	$	396
U.S. Treasury		4,111		—		(39	)		4,072
State and municipal		89,169		748		(944	)		88,973		125		6		153,293		42,980		153,418		42,986
Mortgage-backed		7,925		19		(155	)		7,789		-		-		160,946		33,599		160,946		33,599
Corporate		7,069		12		(40	)		7,041		-		-		15,251		3,117		15,251		3,117
Foreign debt		4,514		—		(114	)		4,400
Equity securities		2,617		266		—			2,883
Asset-backed securities		182		—		(4	)		178		-		-		603		39		603		39
Total	$	175,451	$	1,079	$	(2,142	)	$	174,388
Total temporarily impaired										$	125	$	6	$	332,668	$	80,131	$	332,793	$	80,137


	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 months				More than 12 months				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
Held to Maturity:	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
U.S. Government and federal agency	$	-	$	-	$	2,545	$	421	$	2,545	$	421
State and municipal		13,457		1,899		149,016		37,456		162,473		39,355
Mortgage-backed		25,582		822		145,024		29,046		170,606		29,868
Corporate		5,296		603		10,771		1,682		16,067		2,285
Asset-backed securities		-		-		897		77		897		77
Total temporarily impaired	$	44,335	$	3,324	$	308,253	$	68,682	$	352,588	$	72,006

ChoiceOne ~~reviews its~~evaluates all securities ~~portfolio~~ on a quarterly basis to determine ~~whether unrealized losses are considered~~if an ACL and corresponding impairment charge should be recorded. Consideration is given to ~~be temporary or other-than-temporary. No other-than-temporary impairment charges were recorded~~the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of ChoiceOne to retain its investment in the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2017.~~issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value of amortized cost basis. ChoiceOne ~~believed~~believes that unrealized losses on securities were temporary in nature and were caused primarily by changes in interest rates, increased credit spreads, and reduced market liquidity and were not caused by the credit status of the issuer. No ACL was recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and no other-than-temporary impairment charges were recorded in the same periods in 2022.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 591 and 611 securities with an unrealized loss, respectively. Unrealized losses have not been recognized into income because the issuers’ bonds are of high credit quality, and management does not intend to sell prior to their anticipated recovery, and the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and ~~reduced~~other market ~~liquidity~~conditions. The issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments on the bonds. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach maturity.

The majority of unrealized losses at September 30, 2023, are related to U.S. Treasury notes and bonds, state and municipal bonds and mortgage backed securities. The U.S. Treasury notes are guaranteed by the U.S. government and 100% of the notes are rated AA or better. State and municipal bonds are backed by the taxing authority of the bond issuer or the revenues from the bond. On September 30, 2023, 86% of state and municipal bonds held are rated AA or better, 11% are A rated and 3% are not ~~as a result of~~rated. Of the mortgage-backed securities held on September 30, 2023, 38% were issued by US government sponsored entities and agencies, and rated AA, 39% are AAA rated private issue and collateralized mortgage obligation, and 23% are unrated privately issued mortgage-backed securities with structured credit ~~quality issues.~~ enhancement and collateralized mortgage obligation.

Presented below is a schedule of maturities of securities as of September 30, ~~2017, the~~2023. Available for sale securities are reported at fair value ofand held to maturity securities ~~as of~~are reported at amortized cost. Callable securities in the money are presumed called and matured at the callable date.


	Available for Sale Securities maturing within:
									Fair Value
	Less than		1 Year -		5 Years -		More than		at September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	1 Year		5 Years		10 Years		10 Years		2023

U.S. Government and federal agency	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
U.S. Treasury notes and bonds		-		55,662		21,370		-		77,032
State and municipal		1,854		9,677		36,082		165,101		212,714
Corporate		509		-		200		—		709
Asset-backed securities		—		8,195		3,090		—		11,285
Total debt securities		2,363		73,534		60,742		165,101		301,740

Mortgage-backed securities		14,001		59,091		109,991		5,981		189,064
Total Available for Sale	$	16,364	$	132,625	$	170,733	$	171,082	$	490,804


	Held to Maturity Securities maturing within:
									Amortized Cost
	Less than		1 Year -		5 Years -		More than		at September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	1 Year		5 Years		10 Years		10 Years		2023

U.S. Government and federal agency	$	—	$	2,971	$	-	$	—	$	2,971
State and municipal		1,056		9,425		80,002		106,097		196,580
Corporate		—		-		20,005		-		20,005
Asset-backed securities		—		642		—		—		642
Total debt securities		1,056		13,038		100,007		106,097		220,198

Mortgage-backed securities		14,753		30,664		149,128		—		194,545
Total Held to Maturity	$	15,809	$	43,702	$	249,135	$	106,097	$	414,743

Following is information regarding unrealized gains and losses on equity securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2023 and ~~December 31, 2016, and the weighted average yields of securities as of September 30, 2017:~~2022:


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022

Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period	$	(205	)	$	(323	)	$	(527	)	$	(1,006	)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on securities sold		(71	)	—				(71	)		—

Unrealized gains and (losses) recognized during the reporting period on securities still held at the reporting date	$	(134	)	$	(323	)	$	(456	)	$	(1,006	)

Securities maturing within:
(Dollars in thousands)
Less than
1 Year

1 Year -
5 Years

5 Years -
10 Years

More than
10 Years

Fair Value
at September 30,
2017

Fair Value
at Dec. 31,
2016

U.S. Government and federal agency $ 20,250 $ 28,460 $ 1,943 $ — $ 50,653 $ 59,052
U.S. Treasury notes and bonds — 4,015 — — 4,015 4,072
State and municipal 8,362 47,395 36,016 3,822 95,595 88,973
Corporate 5,302 393 — — 5,695 7,041
Foreign debt securities 1,000 3,440 — — 4,440 4,400
Asset-backed securities 111 — — — 111 178
Total debt securities 35,025 83,703 37,959 3,822 160,509 163,716
Mortgage-backed securities — 9,330 90 — 9,420 7,789
Equity securities (1) — — 1,000 �� 2,377 3,377 2,883
Total $ 35,025 $ 93,033 $ 39,049 $ 6,199 $ 173,306 $ 174,388

~~(1) Equity securities are preferred and common stock that may or may not have a stated maturity.~~19

NOTE 3 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR ~~LOAN~~CREDIT LOSSES

Loans by type as a percentage of the portfolio were as follows:


	September 30, 2023					December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		%			Balance		%			Percent Increase (Decrease)
Agricultural	$	43,290		3.31	%	$	64,159		5.39	%		(32.53	)	%
Commercial and Industrial		222,357		16.98	%		210,210		17.67	%		5.78		%
Commercial Real Estate		709,960		54.20	%		630,953		53.03	%		12.52		%
Consumer		37,605		2.87	%		39,808		3.35	%		(5.53	)	%
Construction Real Estate		16,477		1.26	%		14,736		1.24	%		11.81		%
Residential Real Estate		256,348		19.57	%		229,916		19.32	%		11.50		%
Loans to Other Financial Institutions		23,763		1.81	%		-		0.00	%		100.00		%
Gross Loans	$	1,309,800				$	1,189,782

Allowance for credit losses		14,872		1.14	%		7,619		0.64	%

Net loans	$	1,294,928				$	1,182,163							��

Activity in the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses and balances in the loan portfolio ~~was~~were as follows:


																												Commercial														Loans to Other
(Dollars in thousands)	Agricultural			Commercial and Industrial			Consumer			Commercial Real Estate			Construction Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Unallocated			Total						and						Commercial		Construction			Residential			Financial
																									Agricultural			Industrial			Consumer			Real Estate		Real Estate			Real Estate			Institutions		Unallocated			Total
Allowance for Loan Losses Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Allowance for Credit Losses Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	395		$	904		$	294		$	1,551		$	25		$	748		$	181		$	4,098		$	78		$	2,896		$	885		$	7,237	$	70		$	3,376		$	40	$	—		$	14,582
Charge-offs		—			(12	)		(52	)		—			—			(9	)		—			(73	)		—			(73	)		(161	)		—		—			(27	)		—		—			(261	)
Recoveries		—			4			16			65			—			11			—			96			—			28			80			—		—			5			—		—			113
Provision		(1	)		(98	)		1			(152	)		1			(140	)		484			95			5			(328	)		22			908		(19	)		(150	)		—		—			438
Ending balance	$	394		$	798		$	259		$	1,464		$	26		$	610		$	665		$	4,216		$	83		$	2,523		$	826		$	8,145	$	51		$	3,204		$	40	$	—		$	14,872

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017


Allowance for Credit Losses Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	433		$	688		$	305		$	1,438		$	62		$	1,014		$	337		$	4,277		$	144		$	1,361		$	310		$	4,822	$	63		$	906		$	—	$	13		$	7,619
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle																										14			1,587			541			3,006		20			2,010			—		(13	)		7,165
Charge-offs		—			(374	)		(189	)		—			—			(44	)		—			(607	)		—			(73	)		(432	)		—		—			(27	)		—		—			(532	)
Recoveries		—			4			107			226			40			49			—			426			—			57			208			13		—			10			—		—			288
Provision		(39	)		480			36			(200	)		(76	)		(409	)		328			120			(75	)		(409	)		199			304		(32	)		305			40		—			332
Ending balance	$	394		$	798		$	259		$	1,464		$	26		$	610		$	665		$	4,216		$	83		$	2,523		$	826		$	8,145	$	51		$	3,204		$	40	$	—		$	14,872

Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—		$	5		$	4		$	54		$	—		$	228		$	—		$	291
Individually evaluated for credit loss																									$	3		$	89		$	—		$	347	$	—		$	45		$	—	$	—		$	484

Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	394		$	793		$	255		$	1,410		$	26		$	382		$	665		$	3,925
Collectively evaluated for credit loss																									$	80		$	2,434		$	826		$	7,798	$	51		$	3,159		$	40	$	—		$	14,388

Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
Beginning balance	$	399		$	656		$	279		$	1,133		$	44		$	1,222		$	563		$	4,296
Charge-offs		—			—			(68	)		—			—			(25	)		—			(93	)
Recoveries		—			8			49			5			—			11			—			73
Provision		(11	)		(55	)		30			340			(3	)		(205	)		(96	)		—
Loans
September 30, 2023
Individually evaluated for credit loss																									$	65		$	269		$	6		$	1,070	$	—		$	1,738		$	—				$	3,148
Collectively evaluated for credit loss																										43,225			222,088			37,599			708,890		16,477			254,610			23,763					1,306,652
Ending balance	$	388		$	609		$	290		$	1,478		$	41		$	1,003		$	467		$	4,276		$	43,290		$	222,357		$	37,605		$	709,960	$	16,477		$	256,348		$	23,763				$	1,309,800

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Beginning balance	$	420		$	586		$	297		$	1,030		$	46		$	1,388		$	427		$	4,194
Charge-offs		—			(33	)		(136	)		—			—			(94	)		—			(263	)
Recoveries		—			31			119			35			—			160			—			345
Provision		(32	)		26			10			412			(5	)		(451	)		40			—
Ending balance	$	388		$	610		$	290		$	1,477		$	41		$	1,003		$	467		$	4,276

Individually evaluated for impairment	$	4		$	8		$	1		$	167		$	—		$	321		$	—		$	501

Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	384		$	602		$	289		$	1,310		$	41		$	682		$	467		$	3,775


Loans September 30, 2017
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	424		$	192		$	34		$	936		$	—		$	2,472					$	4,058
Collectively evaluated for Impairment		45,682			101,244			23,977			122,480			7,298			89,351						390,032
Ending balance	$	46,106		$	101,436		$	24,011		$	123,416		$	7,298		$	91,823					$	394,090

December 31, 2016
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	526		$	301		$	28		$	1,073		$	—		$	2,983					$	4,911
Collectively evaluated for impairment		44,088			95,787			21,568			109,689			6,153			86,804						364,089
Ending balance	$	44,614		$	96,088		$	21,596		$	110,762		$	6,153		$	89,787					$	369,000


				Commercial
(Dollars in thousands)				and						Commercial		Construction			Residential
	Agricultural			Industrial			Consumer			Real Estate		Real Estate			Real Estate		Unallocated			Total
Allowance for Loan Losses Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance	$	132		$	1,613		$	309		$	4,224	$	45		$	691	$	402		$	7,416
Charge-offs		—			(47	)		(128	)		—		—			—		—			(175	)
Recoveries		—			59			56			1		—			—		—			116
Provision		8			(252	)		66			384		14			178		(298	)		100
Ending balance	$	140		$	1,373		$	303		$	4,609	$	59		$	869	$	104		$	7,457

Allowance for Loan Losses Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance	$	448		$	1,454		$	290		$	3,705	$	110		$	671	$	1,010		$	7,688
Charge-offs		—			(177	)		(383	)		—		—			—		—			(560	)
Recoveries		—			62			162			3		-			2		—			229
Provision		(308	)		34			234			901		(51	)		196		(906	)		100
Ending balance	$	140		$	1,373		$	303		$	4,609	$	59		$	869	$	104		$	7,457

Individually evaluated for impairment	$	1		$	6		$	1		$	6	$	—		$	143	$	—		$	157

Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	139		$	1,367		$	302		$	4,603	$	59		$	726	$	104		$	7,300


			Commercial
(Dollars in thousands)			and				Commercial		Construction		Residential
	Agricultural		Industrial		Consumer		Real Estate		Real Estate		Real Estate		Unallocated		Total
Allowance for Loan Losses
December 31, 2022
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	2	$	14	$	1	$	5	$	—	$	131	$	—	$	153

Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	142	$	1,347	$	309	$	4,817	$	63	$	775	$	13	$	7,466


Loans
December 31, 2022
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	23	$	177	$	7	$	165	$—		$	2,474			$	2,846
Collectively evaluated for impairment		64,136		206,074		39,793		622,131		14,736		225,792				1,172,662
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—			3,959		8		8,657	—			1,650				14,274
Ending balance	$	64,159	$	210,210	$	39,808	$	630,953	$	14,736	$	229,916			$	1,189,782

The provision for credit losses on loans was an expense of $438,000 and an expense of $332,000 in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 respectively, compared to an expense of $100,000 in the same periods in the prior year. The provision expense was deemed necessary due to third quarter 2023 core loan growth of $60.6 million offset by the impact of improvements in the Federal Open Market Committee ("FOMC") forecast for unemployment and Gross Domestic Product ("GDP"). The FOMC forecast for change in real GDP improved from 1.0% in June 2023 to 2.1% in September 2023, while the unemployment rate forecast improved from 4.1% in June 2023 to 3.8% in September 2023.

The process to monitor the credit quality of ChoiceOne’s loan portfolio includes tracking (1) the risk ratings of business loans, (2) the level of classified business loans, and (3) delinquent and nonperforming consumer loans. Business loans are risk rated on a scale of 1 to 8.9. A description of the characteristics of the ratings follows:

Risk ~~ratings~~Rating 1 ~~and 2: These loans are considered pass credits. They exhibit good to exceptional credit risk and demonstrate the ability to repay the loan from normal business operations.~~

~~Risk rating 3:~~through 5 or pass: These loans are considered pass credits. They exhibit acceptable credit risk and demonstrate the ability to repay the loan from normal business operations.

Risk rating 4: These loans are considered pass credits. However, they have potential developing weaknesses that, if not corrected, may cause deterioration in the ability of the borrower to repay the loan. While a loss is possible for a loan with6 or special mention: Loans and other credit extensions bearing this ~~rating, it is not anticipated.~~

~~Risk rating 5: These loans are considered special mention credits. Loans in this risk rating~~grade are considered to be inadequately protected by the current net worth and debt service ~~coverage~~capacity of the borrower or of any pledged collateral. These loans, even if apparently protected by collateral value, have ~~well defined~~well-defined weaknesses related to adverse financial, managerial, economic, market, or political conditions that ~~may jeopardize the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. If the weaknesses are not corrected, loss~~have jeopardized repayment of principal and interest ~~could be probable.~~as originally intended. Furthermore, there is the possibility that ChoiceOne will sustain some future loss if such weaknesses are not corrected. Clear loss potential, however, does not have to exist in any individual credit classified as substandard. Loans falling into this category should have clear action plans and timelines with benchmarks to return to a pass grade.

Risk rating ~~6: These loans are considered substandard credits. These loans~~7 or substandard: Loans and other credit extensions graded “7” have ~~well defined~~all the weaknesses inherent in those graded “6”, with the added characteristic that the severity of ~~which~~the weaknesses makes collection ~~of principal and interest~~or liquidation in full ~~questionable.~~highly questionable or improbable based upon currently existing facts, conditions, and values. Loans in this ~~category may~~classification should be ~~placed on~~evaluated for non-accrual status. All nonaccrual ~~status.~~commercial and retail loans must be graded a risk rating “7” or worse.

Risk rating ~~7: These loans are considered doubtful credits. Some loss of principal~~8 or doubtful: Loans and ~~interest has~~other credit extensions bearing this grade have been determined to ~~be probable. The estimate~~have the extreme probability of some loss, but because of certain important and reasonably specific factors, the amount of loss cannot be determined. Such pending factors could ~~be affected by factors such as the borrower’s ability to provide~~include merger or liquidation, additional capital injection, refinancing plans, or perfection of liens on additional collateral.

Risk rating 9 or loss: Loans in this ~~category are on nonaccrual status.~~

~~Risk rating 8: These loans are considered loss credits. They~~classification are considered uncollectible and ~~will~~cannot be ~~charged~~justified as a viable asset of ChoiceOne. This classification does not mean the loan has absolutely no recovery value, but that it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off ~~against~~this loan even though partial recovery may be obtained in the ~~allowance for loan losses.~~future.

The following table reflects the amortized cost basis of loans as of September 30, 2023 based on year of origination (dollars in thousands):


Commercial:	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Term Loans Total		Revolving Loans		Grand Total
Agricultural
Pass	$	1,963	$	4,129	$	3,134	$	1,813	$	7,184	$	18,311	$	36,534	$	6,512	$	43,046
Special mention		-		-		-		-		176		68		244		-		244
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	1,963	$	4,129	$	3,134	$	1,813	$	7,360	$	18,379	$	36,778	$	6,512	$	43,290
Current year-to-date gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Commercial and Industrial
Pass	$	17,445	$	47,330	$	25,078	$	11,584	$	11,077	$	12,891	$	125,405	$	96,604	$	222,009
Special mention		-		-		31		39		83		82		235		7		242
Substandard		-		60		30		-		-		16		106		-		106
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	17,445	$	47,390	$	25,139	$	11,623	$	11,160	$	12,989	$	125,746	$	96,611	$	222,357
Current year-to-date gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	71	$	-	$	-	$	71	$	-	$	71

Commercial Real Estate
Pass	$	72,271	$	137,771	$	109,265	$	73,112	$	45,074	$	141,265	$	578,758	$	129,070	$	707,828
Special mention		-		-		-		-		-		572		572		-		572
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		1,560		1,560		-		1,560
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	72,271	$	137,771	$	109,265	$	73,112	$	45,074	$	143,397	$	580,890	$	129,070	$	709,960


Retail:	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Term Loans Total		Revolving Loans		Grand Total
Consumer
Performing	$	8,246	$	14,922	$	7,421	$	3,332	$	1,472	$	1,404	$	36,797	$	808	$	37,605
Nonperforming		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Nonaccrual		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	8,246	$	14,922	$	7,421	$	3,332	$	1,472	$	1,404	$	36,797	$	808	$	37,605
Current year-to-date gross write-offs	$	1	$	13	$	11	$	28	$	-	$	1	$	54	$	-	$	54

Construction real estate
Performing	$	777	$	1,089	$	557	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	2,423	$	14,054	$	16,477
Nonperforming		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Nonaccrual		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	777	$	1,089	$	557	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	2,423	$	14,054	$	16,477
Current year-to-date gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Residential real estate
Performing	$	38,656	$	66,921	$	29,360	$	17,023	$	13,292	$	41,778	$	207,030	$	47,751	$	254,781
Nonperforming		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Nonaccrual		-		464		70		-		-		541		1,075		492		1,567
Total	$	38,656	$	67,385	$	29,430	$	17,023	$	13,292	$	42,319	$	208,105	$	48,243	$	256,348
Current year-to-date gross write-offs	$	-	$	27	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	1	$	28	$	-	$	28

Loans to Other Financial Institutions
Performing	$	23,763	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	23,763	$	-	$	23,763
Nonperforming		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Nonaccrual		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	23,763	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	23,763	$	-	$	23,763
Current year-to-date gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Grand Total	$	71,442	$	83,396	$	37,408	$	20,355	$	14,764	$	43,723	$	271,088	$	63,105	$	334,193

~~Information regarding the Bank’s credit exposure is as follows:~~

Corporate Credit Exposure - Credit ~~Risk Profile By Creditworthiness Category~~ risk profile by credit worthiness category

Agricultural Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, December 31, September 30, December 31, September 30, December 31,
2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Risk ratings 1 and 2 $ 12,488 $ 12,005 $ 12,691 $ 12,135 $ 8,069 $ 8,013
Risk rating 3 23,957 23,852 64,953 56,714 72,370 59,343
Risk rating 4 8,865 7,505 23,141 25,895 39,920 39,641
Risk rating 5 373 726 484 1,267 1,530 1,867
Risk rating 6 423 526 167 77 1,527 1,898
Risk rating 7 — — — — — —
$ 46,106 $ 44,614 $ 101,436 $ 96,088 $ 123,416 $ 110,762


(Dollars in thousands)	Agricultural		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate
	December 31,		December 31,		December 31,
	2022		2022		2022
Pass	$	63,867	$	209,700	$	624,555
Special Mention		289		400		2,048
Substandard		3		110		4,350
Doubtful		—		-		—
Loss		-		-		-
	$	64,159	$	210,210	$	630,953

~~Corporate~~Consumer Credit Exposure - Credit ~~Risk Profile Based On Payment Activity~~risk profile based on payment activity

Consumer Construction Real Estate Residential Real Estate
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, December 31, September 30, December 31, September 30, December 31,
2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Performing $ 23,995 $ 21,590 $ 7,298 $ 6,153 $ 91,252 $ 88,767
Nonperforming — — — — 132 229
Nonaccrual 16 6 — — 439 791
$ 24,011 $ 21,596 $ 7,298 $ 6,153 $ 91,823 $ 89,787

~~There~~


(Dollars in thousands)	Consumer		Construction Real Estate		Residential Real Estate
	December 31,		December 31,		December 31,
	2022		2022		2022
Performing	$	39,808	$	14,736	$	228,653
Nonperforming		—		—		—
Nonaccrual		—		—		1,263
	$	39,808	$	14,736	$	229,916

The following table presents the amortized cost basis as of September 30, 2023 of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of concession granted during the reporting period.


For the period ended:	September 30, 2023

	Term Extension
			% of Total
			Class of
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized		Financing
	Cost Basis		Receivable
Commercial and industrial	$	70		0	%
Residential real estate		129		0	%
Total	$	199

The following table presents the financial effect by type of modification made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and class of financing receivable.


For the period ended:	September 30, 2023
	Term Extension
Commercial and industrial	Termed out line of credit & termed out draw note
Residential real estate	Provided with new twelve month payment plan to catch up on past due balance.

The following table presents the period-end amortized cost basis of financing receivables that had a payment default during the period and were nomodified in the 12 months before default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.


For the period ended:	September 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Term extension

Commercial and industrial		70
Residential real estate		129
Total	$	199

The following table presents the period-end amortized cost basis of loans that have been modified in the past 12 months to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by payment status and class of financing receivable.


For the period ended:	September 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Current		30-89 days		Greater than 90 days		Total

Commercial and industrial		62		8		—		70
Residential real estate		—		—		129		129
Total	$	62	$	8	$	129	$	199

The following table provides information on loans that were considered troubled debt restructurings ~~(“TDRs”~~("TDRs") that were modified during the ~~three-~~three and ~~nine-month periods~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2017. The following schedule provides information on loans that were considered TDRs that were modified during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016:~~2022.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Pre- Post- Pre- Post-
Modification Modification Modification Modification
Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding
(Dollars in thousands) Number of Recorded Recorded Number of Recorded Recorded
Loans Investment Investment Loans Investment Investment
Commercial Real estate — $ — $ — 1 $ 113 $ 113
Residential Real Estate — — — 2 156 156
Total — $ — $ — 3 $ 269 $ 269

The pre-modification and post-modification outstanding recorded investment represents amounts as of the date of loan modification. If a difference exists between the pre-modification and post-modification outstanding recorded investment, it represents impairment recognized through the provision for loan losses computed based on a loan’s post-modification present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. If no difference exists, a loss is not expected to be incurred based on an assessment of the borrower’s expected cash flows.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
			Pre-		Post-				Pre-		Post-
			Modification		Modification				Modification		Modification
			Outstanding		Outstanding				Outstanding		Outstanding
(Dollars in thousands)	Number of		Recorded		Recorded		Number of		Recorded		Recorded
	Loans		Investment		Investment		Loans		Investment		Investment
Agricultural		—	$	—	$	—		1	$	253	$	253
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		1		18		18
Total		—	$	—	$	—		2	$	271	$	271

There were no TDRs ~~as of September 30, 2017~~ where the borrower was past due with respect to principal and/or interest for 30 days or more during the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended September 30, ~~2017 that~~2022, which loans had been modified and classified as TDRs during the year prior to the default.

Nonaccrual loans by loan category as of September 30, 2023 were as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Nonaccrual loans with no ACL		Total nonaccrual loans		Interest income recognized during the period on nonaccrual loans		Interest income recognized during the period on nonaccrual loans
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	103	$	—	$	5
Residential real estate		457		1,567		-		10
Total nonaccrual loans	$	457	$	1,670	$	—	$	15

Nonaccrual loans by loan category as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Total nonaccrual loans
Residential real estate	$	1,263
	$	1,263

The following schedule provides information ~~on TDRs as~~regarding average balances of loans evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2022 and September 30, ~~2016 where the borrower was past due with respect to principal and/or~~2022 and interest recognized on impaired loans for ~~30 days or more during~~ the three months and nine months ended September 30, ~~2016 that had been modified during the year prior to the default:~~2022:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2016				September 30, 2016						Unpaid
(Dollars in thousands)	Number		Recorded		Number		Recorded		Recorded		Principal		Related
	of Loans		Investment		of Loans		Investment		Investment		Balance		Allowance
December 31, 2022
With no related allowance recorded
Agricultural									$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and industrial										—		—		—
Consumer										—		—		—
Construction real estate										—		—		—
Commercial real estate		—	$	—		1	$	113		—		—		—
Residential real estate										550		595		—
Subtotal										550		595		—
With an allowance recorded
Agricultural										23		27		2
Commercial and industrial										177		177		14
Consumer										7		7		1
Construction real estate										—		—		—
Commercial real estate										165		165		5
Residential real estate										1,924		1,954		131
Subtotal										2,296		2,330		153
Total
Agricultural										23		27		2
Commercial and industrial										177		177		14
Consumer										7		7		1
Construction real estate										—		—		—
Commercial real estate										165		165		5
Residential real estate										2,474		2,549		131
Total									$	2,846	$	2,925	$	153


			Unpaid
(Dollars in thousands)	Recorded		Principal		Related
	Investment		Balance		Allowance
September 30, 2022
With no related allowance recorded
Agricultural	$	307	$	428	$	—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—
Construction real estate		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		—		—		—
Residential real estate		—		—		—
Subtotal		307		428		—
With an allowance recorded
Agricultural		5		5		1
Commercial and industrial		108		185		6
Consumer		7		7		1
Construction real estate		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		140		140		6
Residential real estate		2,070		2,149		143
Subtotal		2,330		2,486		157
Total
Agricultural		312		433		1
Commercial and industrial		108		185		6
Consumer		7		7		1
Construction real estate		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		140		140		6

Loans are classified as performing when they are current as to principal and interest payments or are past due on payments less than 90 days. Loans are classified as nonperforming when they are past due 90 days or more as to principal and interest payments or are considered a troubled debt restructuring.29


Residential real estate		2,070		2,149		143
Total	$	2,637	$	2,914	$	157


	Average		Interest
(Dollars in thousands)	Recorded		Income
	Investment		Recognized
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
With no related allowance recorded
Agricultural	$	310	$	—
Commercial and industrial		—		—
Consumer		—		—
Construction real estate		—		—
Commercial real estate		—		—
Residential real estate		220		—
Subtotal		530		—
With an allowance recorded
Agricultural		6		-
Commercial and industrial		134		1
Consumer		7		—
Construction real estate		—		—
Commercial real estate		145		2
Residential real estate		1,842		16
Subtotal		2,134		19
Total
Agricultural		316		—
Commercial and industrial		134		1
Consumer		7		—
Construction real estate		—		—
Commercial real estate		145		2
Residential real estate		2,062		16
Total	$	2,664	$	19


	Average		Interest
(Dollars in thousands)	Recorded		Income
	Investment		Recognized
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
With no related allowance recorded
Agricultural	$	312	$	—
Commercial and industrial		23		—
Consumer		—		—
Construction real estate		—		—
Commercial real estate		23		—
Residential real estate		151		—
Subtotal		509		-
With an allowance recorded
Agricultural		1,136		—
Commercial and industrial		217		3
Consumer		15		—
Construction real estate		—		—
Commercial real estate		159		7
Residential real estate		1,891		49
Subtotal		3,418		59
Total
Agricultural		1,448		-
Commercial and industrial		240		3
Consumer		15		-
Construction real estate		-		-
Commercial real estate		182		7
Residential real estate		2,042		49
Total	$	3,927	$	59

~~Impaired loans by loan category as of September 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:~~

Unpaid Average Interest
(Dollars in thousands) Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income
Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized
September 30, 2017
With no related allowance recorded
Agricultural $ 424 $ 455 $ — $ 288 $ —
Commercial and industrial 58 69 — 137 —
Consumer — — — — —
Commercial real estate 113 245 — 104 —
Residential real estate 136 147 — 103 —
Subtotal 731 916 — 632 —
With an allowance recorded
Agricultural — — — 161 —
Commercial and industrial 134 134 5 195 1
Consumer 34 35 4 33 1
Commercial real estate 823 904 54 884 26
Residential real estate 2,336 2,354 228 2,475 75
Subtotal 3,327 3,427 291 3,748 103

Agricultural 424 455 — 449 —
Commercial and industrial 192 203 5 332 1
Consumer 34 35 4 33 1
Commercial real estate 936 1,149 54 988 26
Residential real estate 2,472 2,501 228 2,578 75
Total $ 4,058 $ 4,343 $ 291 $ 4,380 $ 103

September 30, 2016
With no related allowance recorded
Agricultural $ 489 $ 493 $ — $ 154 $ (1 )
Commercial and industrial 177 177 — 63 —
Consumer 5 5 — 1 —
Commercial real estate 230 351 — 1,071 33
Residential real estate 266 266 — 134 46
Subtotal 1,167 1,292 — 1,423 78
With an allowance recorded
Agricultural 45 45 4 79 16
Commercial and industrial 273 247 8 242 4
Consumer 21 21 1 22 3
Commercial real estate 1,229 1,799 167 1,426 116
Residential real estate 2,843 2,859 321 2,670 308
Subtotal 4,411 4,971 501 4,439 447

Agricultural 534 538 4 233 15
Commercial and industrial 449 424 8 305 4
Consumer 26 26 1 23 3
Commercial real estate 1,459 2,150 167 2,497 149
Residential real estate 3,110 3,125 321 2,804 354
Total $ 5,578 $ 6,263 $ 501 $ 5,862 $ 525

An aging analysis of loans by loan category follows:


																				Loans								Loans
																Loans		Loans		Past Due								90 Days
					Greater									90 Days Past		Past Due		Past Due		Greater								Past
(Dollars in thousands)	30 to 59		60 to 89		Than 90					Loans Not				Due and		30 to 59		60 to 89		Than 90				Loans Not		Total		Due and
	Days		Days		Days (1)		Total			Past Due		Total Loans		Accruing		Days (1)		Days (1)		Days (1)		Total (1)		Past Due		Loans		Accruing
September 30, 2017
September 30, 2023
Agricultural	$	—	$	—	$	83	$	83		$	46,023	$	46,106	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	43,290	$	43,290	$	—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		58		58			101,378		101,436		—		101		—		90		191		222,166		222,357		—
Consumer		132		1		11		144			23,867		24,011		—		30		6		—		36		37,569		37,605		—
Commercial real estate		—		—		113		113			123,303		123,416		—		—		—		—		—		709,960		709,960		—
Construction real estate		—		—		—		—			7,298		7,298		—		—		—		—		—		16,477		16,477		—
Residential real estate		625		24		221		870			90,953		91,823		132		1,320		30		702		2,052		254,296		256,348
Loans to Other Financial Institutions																	—		—		—		—		23,763		23,763
	$	757	$	25	$	486	$	1,268		$	392,822	$	394,090	$	132	$	1,451	$	36	$	792	$	2,279	$	1,307,521	$	1,309,800	$	—

December 31, 2016
Agricultural	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	44,614	$	44,614	$	—
Commercial and industrial		—		30		245		275			95,813		96,088		—
Consumer		99		2		6		107	��		21,489		21,596		—
Commercial real estate		—		—		260		260			110,502		110,762		—
Construction real estate		—		—		—		—			6,153		6,153		—
Residential real estate		1,027		109		646		1,782			88,005		89,787		229
	$	1,126	$	141	$	1,157	$	2,424		$	366,576	$	369,000	$	229


December 31, 2022
Agricultural	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	64,159	$	64,159	$	—
Commercial and industrial		—		171		—		171		210,039		210,210		—
Consumer		39		7		—		46		39,762		39,808		—
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		630,953		630,953		—
Construction real estate		—		—		—		—		14,736		14,736		—
Residential real estate		682		—		842		1,524		228,392		229,916		—
	$	721	$	178	$	842	$	1,741	$	1,188,041	$	1,189,782	$	—

(1) Includes nonaccrual loans.

The table below presents a roll forward of the accretable yield on the County Bank Corp. acquired loan portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):


(Dollars in thousands)	Purchased with credit deterioration			Purchased without credit deterioration			Acquired
							Total
Balance January 1, 2022	$	288		$	1,176		$	1,464
Transfer from non-accretable to accretable yield		2,192			—			2,192
Accretion January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022		(553	)		(98	)		(651	)
Balance January 1, 2023		1,927			1,078			3,005
Transfer from non-accretable to accretable yield		—			—			—
Accretion January 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023		(402	)		(405	)		(807	)
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	1,525		$	673		$	2,198

~~Nonaccrual loans by~~The table below presents a roll forward of the accretable yield on the Community Shores Bank Corporation acquired loan ~~category follow:~~ portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

(Dollars in thousands) September 30, December 31,
2017 2016
Agricultural $ 423 $ 482
Commercial and industrial 59 245
Consumer 17 6
Commercial real estate 211 458
Construction real estate — —
Residential real estate 439 792
$ 1,149 $ 1,983


	Purchased with credit deterioration			Purchased without credit deterioration			Acquired
							Total
Balance January 1, 2022	$	522		$	197		$	719
Transfer from non-accretable to accretable yield		1,086			—			1,086
Accretion January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022		(993	)		(197	)		(1,190	)
Balance January 1, 2023		615			—			615
Transfer from non-accretable to accretable yield		622			—			622
Accretion January 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023		(470	)		—			(470	)
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	767			—		$	767

NOTE 4 -– EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. A computation of basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Basic
Net income	$	5,122	$	5,813	$	15,968	$	16,956

Weighted average common shares outstanding		7,537,996		7,507,538		7,528,887		7,500,877

Basic earnings per common shares	$	0.68	$	0.77	$	2.12	$	2.26

Diluted
Net income	$	5,122	$	5,813	$	15,968	$	16,956

Weighted average common shares outstanding		7,537,996		7,507,538		7,528,887		7,500,877
Plus dilutive stock options and restricted stock units		30,038		12,820		33,273		17,279

Weighted average common shares outstanding and potentially dilutive shares		7,568,034		7,520,358		7,562,160		7,518,156

Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.68	$	0.77	$	2.12	$	2.26

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
Basic Earnings Per Share
Net income available to common shareholders $ 1,720 $ 1,683 $ 4,801 $ 4,402

Weighted average common shares outstanding 3,452,278 3,439,633 3,448,341 3,455,141

Basic earnings per share $ 0.50 $ 0.50 $ 1.39 $ 1.28

Diluted Earnings Per Share
Net income available to common shareholders $ 1,720 $ 1,683 $ 4,801 $ 4,402

Weighted average common shares outstanding 3,452,278 3,439,633 3,448,341 3,455,141
Plus dilutive stock options and restricted stock units 6,370 4,146 4,744 4,380

Weighted average common shares outstanding and potentially dilutive shares 3,458,648 3,443,780 3,453,085 3,459,520

Diluted earnings per share $ 0.50 $ 0.50 $ 1.39 $ 1.28

~~Note that 2016 share amounts have been adjusted for the 5% stock dividend paid on May 31, 2017.~~

There were ~~31,500~~15,000 stock options that were considered anti-dilutive to earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017 and 32,550~~2023. There were 15,000 stock options that were considered anti-dilutive to earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2016 with an exercise price more than~~2022. There were no restricted stock units that were considered anti-dilutive for the ~~average market price which have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings above.~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022.

~~NOTE~~

Note 5 – ~~FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS~~Financial Instruments

Financial instruments as of the dates indicated were as follows:


					Quoted Prices
					In Active		Significant
					Markets for		Other		Significant
					Identical		Observable		Unobservable
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying		Estimated		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
September 30, 2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	144,673	$	144,673	$	144,673	$	-	$	-
Equity securities at fair value		7,262		7,262		4,543		-		2,719
Securities available for sale		490,804		490,804		77,032		413,772		-
Securities held to maturity		414,743		334,625		-		322,107		12,518
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal
Reserve Bank stock		9,514		9,514		-		9,514		-
Loans held for sale		5,222		5,378		-		5,378		-
Loans, net		1,294,928		1,258,262		-		-		1,258,262
Accrued interest receivable		10,491		10,491		-		10,491		-
Interest rate lock commitments		60		60		-		60		-
Mortgage loan servicing rights		3,944		6,050		-		6,050		-
Interest rate derivative contracts		29,900		29,900		-		29,900		-

Liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits		531,962		531,962		531,962		-		-
Interest-bearing deposits		1,551,995		1,549,272		-		1,549,272		-
Brokered deposits		49,238		49,137		-		49,137		-
Borrowings		180,000		179,041		-		179,041		-
Subordinated debentures		35,446		30,751		-		30,751		-
Accrued interest payable		3,906		3,906		-		3,906		-
Interest rate derivative contracts		-		-		-		-		-

December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	43,943	$	43,943	$	43,943	$	-	$	-
Equity securities at fair value		8,566		8,566		6,024		-		2,542
Securities available for sale		529,749		529,749		78,204		451,545		-
Securities held to maturity		425,906		353,901		-		338,583		15,318
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal
Reserve Bank stock		8,581		8,581		-		8,581		-
Loans held for sale		4,834		4,979		-		4,979		-
Core loans, net		1,182,163		1,123,198		-		-		1,123,198
Accrued interest receivable		8,949		8,949		-		8,949		-
Interest rate lock commitments		28		28		-		28		-
Mortgage loan servicing rights		4,322		5,855		-		5,855		-
Interest rate derivative contracts		9,204		9,204		-		9,204		-

Liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits		599,579		599,579		599,579		-		-
Interest-bearing deposits		1,518,424		1,514,294		-		1,514,294		-
Borrowings		50,000		50,000		-		50,000		-
Subordinated debentures		35,262		30,304		-		30,304		-
Accrued interest payable		610		610		-		610		-
Interest rate derivative contracts		5,823		5,823		-		5,823		-

(Dollars in thousands) Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

September 30, 2017
Assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 12,725 $ 12,725 $ 12,725 $ — $ —
Securities available for sale 173,306 173,306 1,877 157,886 13,543
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock 3,567 3,567 — 3,567 —
Loans held for sale 2,378 2,451 — 2,451 —
Loans to other financial institutions 13,293 13,699 — — 13,699
Loans, net 389,874 391,408 — — 391,408

Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits 136,542 136,542 — 136,542 —
Interest-bearing deposits 389,296 388,603 — 388,603 —
Federal funds purchased 2,650 2,650 — 2,650 —
Repurchase agreements 3,794 3,794 — 3,794 —
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 30,276 30,298 — 30,298 —

December 31, 2016
Assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 14,809 $ 14,809 $ 14,809 $ — $ —
Securities available for sale 174,388 174,388 1,383 157,902 15,103
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock 3,567 3,567 — 3,567 —
Loans held for sale 1,974 2,044 — 2,044 —
Loans, net 364,723 365,780 — — 365,780

Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits 127,611 127,611 — 127,611 —
Interest-bearing deposits 384,775 383,879 — 383,879 —
Repurchase agreements 7,913 7,913 — 7,913 —
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 12,301 12,323 — 12,323 —

The estimated fair values approximate the carrying amounts for all financial instruments except those described later in this paragraph. The methodology for determining the estimated fair value for securities available for sale is described in Note 6. The estimated fair value for loans is based on the rates charged at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 for new loans with similar maturities, applied until the loan is assumed to reprice or be paid. The allowance for loan losses is considered to be a reasonable estimate of discount for credit quality concerns. The estimated fair values for time deposits and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances are based on the rates paid at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 for new deposits or FHLB advances, applied until maturity. The estimated fair values for other financial instruments and off-balance sheet loan commitments are considered nominal.

NOTE 6 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following tables present information about ~~the Bank’s~~ assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the valuation techniques used ~~by the Bank~~ to determine those fair values.

In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that ~~the~~ChoiceOne Bank has the ability to access.

Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs use other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly. These Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and other inputs such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs, including inputs that are available in situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the related asset or liability.

In instances where inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels in the above fair value hierarchy, fair value measurements in their entirety are categorized based on the lowest level input that is significant to the valuation. ~~The~~ChoiceOne Bank’s assessment of the significance of particular inputs to these fair value measurements requires judgment and considers factors specific to each asset or liability.

~~There were no liabilities measured at fair value as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.~~ 35

Disclosures concerning assets and liabilities measured at fair value are as follows:

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis


									Quoted Prices
									In Active		Significant
									Markets for		Other		Significant
									Identical		Observable		Unobservable		Balance
(Dollars in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at Date Indicated		Assets		Inputs		Inputs		at Date
									(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Indicated
Investment Securities, Available for Sale – September 30, 2017
Equity Securities Held at Fair Value - September 30, 2023
Equity securities									$	4,543	$	-	$	2,719	$	7,262

Investment Securities, Available for Sale - September 30, 2023
U.S. Treasury notes and bonds	$	—	$	4,015	$	—	$	4,015	$	77,032	$	-	$	-	$	77,032
U.S. Government and federal agency		—		50,653		—		50,653
State and municipal		—		83,552		12,043		95,595		-		212,714		-		212,714
Mortgage-backed		—		9,420		—		9,420		-		189,064		-		189,064
Corporate		—		5,695		—		5,695		-		709		-		709
Foreign debt		—		4,440		—		4,440
Equity securities		1,877		—		1,500		3,377
Asset backed securities		—		111		—		111
Asset-backed securities										-		11,285		-		11,285
Total	$	1,877	$	157,886	$	13,543	$	173,306	$	77,032	$	413,772	$	-	$	490,804

Investment Securities, Available for Sale - December 31, 2016
U.S. Treasury notes and bonds	$	—	$	4,072	$	—	$	4,072
U.S. Government and federal agency		—		59,052		—		59,052
Derivative Instruments - September 30, 2023
Interest rate derivative contracts - assets									$	-	$	29,900	$	-	$	29,900
Interest rate derivative contracts - liabilities									$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Equity Securities Held at Fair Value - December 31, 2022
Equity securities									$	6,024	$	-	$	2,542	$	8,566

Investment Securities, Available for Sale - December 31, 2022
U. S. Government and federal agency									$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
U. S. Treasury notes and bonds										78,204		-		-		78,204
State and municipal		—		75,370		13,603		88,973		-		229,938		-		229,938
Mortgage-backed		—		7,789		—		7,789		-		208,563		-		208,563
Corporate		—		7,041		—		7,041		-		711		-		711
Foreign debt		—		4,400		—		4,400
Equity securities		1,383		—		1,500		2,883
Asset backed securities		—		178		—		178
Asset-backed securities										-		12,333		-		12,333
Total	$	1,383	$	157,902	$	15,103	$	174,388	$	78,204	$	451,545	$	-	$	529,749

Derivative Instruments - December 31, 2022
Interest rate derivative contracts - assets									$	-	$	9,204	$	-	$	9,204
Interest rate derivative contracts - liabilities									$	-	$	5,823	$	-	$	5,823

Changes in Level 3 Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis


	Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30,
	2023		2022
Equity Securities Held at Fair Value
Balance, January 1	$	2,542	$	1,768
Total realized and unrealized gains included in noninterest income		67		18
Net purchases, sales, calls, and maturities		110		75
Net transfers into Level 3		-		-
Balance, September 30,	$	2,719	$	1,861

Amount of total losses for the period included in earning attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets and liabilities still held at September 30,	$	67	$	18

Investment Securities, Available for Sale
Balance, January 1	$	-	$	21,050
Total unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income		-		-
Net purchases, sales, calls, and maturities		-		-
Net transfers into Level 3		-		-
Transfer to held to maturity		-		(21,050	)
Balance, September 30,	$	-	$	-

Amount of total losses for the period included in earning attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets and liabilities still held at September 30,	$	-	$	-

(Dollars in thousands)
2017 2016
Investment Securities, Available for Sale
Balance, January 1 $ 15,103 $ 11,799
Total realized and unrealized gains included in income — —
Total unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income 271 131
Net purchases, sales, calls, and maturities (1,831 ) 2,598
Net transfers into Level 3 — —
Balance, September 30 $ 13,543 $ 14,528

Of the Level 3 assets that were held by the Bank at September 30, 2017, the net unrealized gain for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $271,000, which is recognized in other comprehensive income in the consolidated balance sheet.$3.2 million of Level 3 securities were purchased during the first nine months of 2017, $4.8 million of Level 3 securities matured or were called, and there were $204,000 in principal paydowns in the same period. Of the Level 3 assets that were held by the Bank at September 30, 2016, the net unrealized gain for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $131,000, which is recognized in other comprehensive income in the consolidated balance sheet.$5.1 million of Level 3 securities were purchased during the first nine months of 2016, $2.2 million of Level 3 securities matured or were called, and there were $267,000 in principal payments in the same period.

Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair value of positions classified as Level 3 investment securities and liabilities. As a result, the unrealized gains and losses for these assets and liabilities presented in the tables above may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs.

~~Available for sale investment securities~~Securities categorized as Level 3 assets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 primarily consist of ~~bonds issued by local municipalities. The Bank~~common and preferred equity securities of community banks. ChoiceOne estimates the fair value of these ~~bonds~~equity securities based on the present value of expected future cash flows using management’s best estimate of key assumptions, including forecasted interest yield and payment rates, credit quality and a discount rate commensurate with the current market and other risks involved.

~~The Bank~~ChoiceOne also has assets that under certain conditions are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are not normally measured at fair value, but can be subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as impairment. Disclosures concerning assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are as follows:

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis


			Quoted Prices
			In Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
	Balances at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
(Dollars in thousands)	Dates		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	Indicated		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Collateral Dependent Loans
September 30, 2023	$	1,896	$	-	$	-	$	1,896
December 31, 2022	$	2,846	$	-	$	-	$	2,846

Other Real Estate
September 30, 2023	$	122	$	-	$	-	$	122
December 31, 2022	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

(Dollars in thousands) Balance at Dates Indicated Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

Impaired Loans
September 30, 2017 $ 4,058 $ — $ — $ 4,058
December 31, 2016 $ 4,911 $ — $ — $ 4,911

Other Real Estate
September 30, 2017 $ 182 $ — $ — $ 182
December 31, 2016 $ 437 $ — $ — $ 437

~~Impaired~~Collateral dependent loans categorized as Level 3 assets consist of non-homogeneous loans that are considered ~~impaired. The Bank~~non-accrual or higher risk. ChoiceOne estimates the fair value of the loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows using management’s estimate of key assumptions. These assumptions include future payment ability, timing of payment streams, and estimated realizable values of available collateral (typically based on outside appraisals). The changes in fair value consisted of charge-downs of ~~impaired~~collateral dependent loans that were posted to the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses and write-downs of other real estate that were posted to a valuation account.

NOTE 7 – ~~SUBSEQUENT EVENTS~~REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

ChoiceOne has a variety of sources of revenue, which include interest and fees from customers as well as revenue from non-customers. ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, covers certain sources of revenue that are classified within noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Sources of revenue that are included in the scope of ASC Topic 606 include service charges and fees on deposit accounts, interchange income, investment asset management income and transaction-based revenue, and other charges and fees for customer services.

Service Charges and Fees on Deposit Accounts

Revenue includes charges and fees to provide account maintenance, overdraft services, wire transfers, funds transfer, and other deposit-related services. Account maintenance fees such as monthly service charges are recognized over the period of time that the service is provided. Transaction fees such as wire transfer charges are recognized when the service is provided to the customer.

Interchange Income

Revenue includes debit card interchange and network revenues. This revenue is earned on debit card transactions that are conducted through payment networks such as MasterCard. The revenue is recorded as services are delivered and is presented net of interchange expenses.

Investment Commission Income

Revenue includes fees from the investment management advisory services and revenue is recognized when services are rendered. Revenue also includes commissions received from the placement of brokerage transactions for purchase or sale of stocks or other investments. Commission income is recognized when the transaction has been completed.

Trust Fee Income

Revenue includes fees from the management of trust assets and from other related advisory services. Revenue is recognized when services are rendered.

Following is noninterest income separated by revenue within the scope of ASC 606 and revenue within the scope of other GAAP topics:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts	$	1,176	$	1,152	$	3,307	$	3,218
Interchange income		1,206		1,306		3,613		3,782
Investment commission income		173		158		541		596
Trust fee income		197		174		577		528
Other charges and fees for customer services		184		113		476		387
Noninterest income from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606		2,936		2,903		8,514		8,511
Noninterest income within the scope of other GAAP topics		768		144		2,346		1,812
Total noninterest income	$	3,704	$	3,047	$	10,860	$	10,323

~~On October 3, 2017~~

NOTE 8 – DERIVATIVE AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

ChoiceOne ~~Insurance Agencies Inc (“~~is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. ChoiceOne utilizes interest rate derivatives as part of its asset liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. Derivative instruments represent contracts between parties that result in one party delivering cash to the ~~Agency”)~~other party based on a notional amount and an underlying term (such as a rate, security price or price index) as specified in the contract. The amount of cash delivered from one party to the other is determined based on the interaction of the notional amount of the contract with the underlying term. Derivatives are also implicit in certain contracts and commitments.

ChoiceOne recognizes derivative financial instruments in the consolidated financial statements at fair value regardless of the purpose or intent for holding the instrument. ChoiceOne records derivative assets and derivative liabilities on the balance sheet within other assets and other liabilities, respectively. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized in income or in shareholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss depending on whether the derivative financial instrument qualifies for hedge accounting and, if so, whether it qualifies as a fair value hedge or cash flow hedge.

Interest rate swaps

ChoiceOne uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy to add stability to net interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. Interest rate swaps designated as hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for ChoiceOne making fixed-rate payments or the receipt of fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for ChoiceOne making variable rate payments, over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount.

In the second quarter of 2022, ChoiceOne entered into ~~an agreement with Ridgetown Investments LLC (“Ridgetown”~~two pay-floating/receive-fixed interest rate swaps (the “Pay Floating Swap Agreements”), for a total notional amount of $200.0 million that were designated as cash flow hedges. These derivatives hedge the variable cash flows of specifically identified available-for-sale securities, cash and loans. The Pay Floating Swap Agreements were determined to ~~sell~~be highly effective during the periods presented and therefore no amount of ineffectiveness has been included in net income. The Pay Floating Swap Agreements pay a ~~portion~~coupon rate equal to SOFR while receiving a fixed coupon rate of 2.41%. In March 2023, ChoiceOne terminated all Pay Floating Swap Agreements for a cash payment of $4.2 million. The loss will be amortized into interest income over 13 months, which was the remaining period of the ~~investment book~~swap agreements.

In the second quarter of ~~business previously managed by~~2022, ChoiceOne entered into one forward starting pay-fixed/receive-floating interest rate swap (the “Pay Fixed Swap Agreement”) for a notional amount of $200.0 million that was designated as a cash flow hedge. This derivative hedges the ~~Agency. Per the agreement, Ridgetown agreed~~risk of variability in cash flows attributable to ~~pay $908,000~~forecasted payments on future deposits or floating rate borrowings indexed to the ~~Agency for future revenue generated by~~SOFR Rate. The Pay Fixed Swap Agreement is two years forward starting with an eight-year term set to expire in 2032. The Pay Fixed Swap Agreements will pay a fixed coupon rate of 2.75% while receiving the ~~book of business. This transaction would result in a $908,000 gain which will be reported in~~SOFR Rate.

In the fourth quarter of ~~2017.~~2022, ChoiceOne entered into four pay-fixed/receive-floating interest rate swaps for a total notional amount of $201.0 million that were designated as fair value hedges. These derivatives hedge the risk of changes in fair value of certain available for sale securities for changes in the SOFR benchmark interest rate component of the fixed rate bonds. All four of these hedges were effective immediately on December 22, 2022. Of the total notional value, $101.9 million has a ten-year term set to expire in 2032, with the benchmark SOFR interest rate risk component of the fixed rate bonds equal to 3.390%. Of the total notional value, $50.0 million has a nine-year term set to expire in 2031, with the benchmark SOFR interest rate risk component of the fixed rate bonds equal to 3.4015%. The remaining notional value of $49.1 million has a nine-year term set to expire in 2031, with the benchmark SOFR interest rate risk component of the fixed rate bond equal to 3.4030%. ChoiceOne adopted ASC2022-01, as of December 20, 2022, to use the portfolio layer method. The fair value basis adjustment associated with available-for-sale fixed rate bonds initially results in an adjustment to AOCI. For available-for-sale securities subject to fair value hedge accounting, the changes in the fair value of the fixed rate bonds related to the hedged risk (the benchmark interest rate component and the partial term) are then reclassed from AOCI to current earnings offsetting the fair value measurement change of the interest rate swap, which is also recorded in current earnings. Net cash settlements are received/paid semi-annually, with the first starting in March 2023, and will be included in interest income.

Net cash settlements received on these four pay-fixed/receive-floating swaps were $959,000 and $2.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, which were included in interest income.

The table below presents the fair value of derivative financial instruments as well as the classification within the consolidated statements of financial condition:


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts	Other Assets	$	29,900	Other Assets	$	9,204
Interest rate contracts	Other Liabilities	$	—	Other Liabilities	$	5,823

The table below presents the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on the consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented:


	Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss)											Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss)
	Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships											Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
	Three months ended September 30, 2023					Three months ended September 30, 2022						Nine months ended September 30, 2023					Nine months ended September 30, 2022
	Interest Income			Interest Expense		Interest Income			Interest Expense			Interest Income			Interest Expense		Interest Income			Interest Expense
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded	$	(30	)	$	-	$	(8	)	$	(209	)	$	(534	)	$	-	$	414		$	(364	)

Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts:
Hedged items	$	(9,189	)	$	-	$	(4,229	)	$	-		$	(9,920	)	$	-	$	(4,300	)	$	-
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$	9,097		$	-	$	4,229		$	-		$	9,842		$	-	$	4,300		$	-
Amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on amortization approach	$	-		$	-	$	(206	)	$	-		$	-		$	-	$	(359	)	$	-

Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts:
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income	$	(897	)	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	(1,940	)	$	-	$	-		$	-
Amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on amortization approach	$	-		$	-	$	-		$	(209	)	$	-		$	-	$	-		$	(364	)

The table below presents the cumulative basis adjustments on hedged items designated as fair value hedges and the related amortized cost of those items as of the periods presented:


			September 30, 2023
			Cumulative amount of Fair
			Value Hedging Adjustment
Line Item in the Statement of			included in the carrying
Financial Position in which the	Amortized cost of the		amount of the Hedged
Hedged Item is included	Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Assets/(Liabilities)

Securities available for sale	$	223,667	$	(11,851	)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion is designed to provide a review of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc. (“ChoiceOne”) ~~and~~, its wholly-owned subsidiary ChoiceOne Bank, ~~(the “Bank”),~~ and ~~the~~ChoiceOne Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary, ChoiceOne Insurance Agencies, Inc. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the interim consolidated financial statements and related notes.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This discussion and other sections of this quarterly report contain forward-looking statements that are based on management’s beliefs, assumptions, current expectations, estimates and projections about the financial services industry, the economy, and ~~ChoiceOne itself.~~ChoiceOne. Words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “is likely,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “may,” “could,” “look forward,” “continue,” “future,” “will” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Management’s determination of the provision and allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, the carrying value of goodwill, ~~and~~ loan servicing rights, other real estate owned, and the fair value of investment securities (including whether any impairment on any investment security is temporary or other-than-temporary and the amount of any impairment) and management’s assumptions concerning pension and other ~~postretirement~~post-retirement benefit plans involve judgments that are inherently forward-looking. All of the information concerning interest rate sensitivity is forward-looking. All statements with references to future time periods are forward-looking. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions (“risk factors”) that are difficult to predict with regard to timing, extent, likelihood, and degree of occurrence. Therefore, actual results and outcomes may materially differ from what may be expressed, implied or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. Furthermore, ChoiceOne undertakes no obligation to update, amend, or clarify forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

~~Risk~~Additional risk factors include, but are not limited to, the risk factors discussed in Item 1A of ChoiceOne’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2022 and in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These are representative of the risk factors that could cause a difference between an ultimate actual outcome and a preceding forward-looking statement.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

~~Summary~~

~~Net~~ChoiceOne reported net income of $5,122,000 and $15,968,000 for the ~~third quarter of 2017 was $1,720,000, which represented an increase of $37,000~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $5,813,000 and $16,956,000 for the same ~~period~~periods in ~~2016. Net income for~~2022. Diluted earnings per share were $0.68 and $2.12 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $0.77 and $2.26 per share in the same periods in the prior year. The increase in deposit costs during the first nine months of ~~2017 was $4,801,000, which represented~~2023 has negatively impacted earnings, offset by higher interest income from higher interest rates on loans and organic loan growth.

Total assets as of September 30, 2023, increased $90.5 million as compared to June 30, 2023. The asset growth during the third quarter is due to an increase in cash of ~~$399,000 or 9% over the same period~~$67.9 million and an increase in ~~2016. Growth in net interest income and a relatively small reduction in noninterest expense were partially~~core loans of $60.6 million offset by a ~~higher provision for~~decrease in securities of $41.2 million. Asset growth from September 30, 2022 to September 30, 2023 of $210.7 million is due to an increase in cash of $93.2 million and an increase in core loans of $153.6 million or 13.6% offset by a decrease in securities of $52.5 million. ChoiceOne management has intentionally increased liquidity to fund organic loan ~~losses~~growth while shifting earning assets into loans as demonstrated by the growth during the three and ~~lower noninterest income~~nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Deposits, excluding brokered deposits, increased by $48.9 million or an annualized 9.6% in the third quarter of 2023 and decreased $72.7 million or 3.4% as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. The decrease in deposits since September 30, 2022 was largely concentrated in the first ~~nine months~~quarter of ~~2017 than~~2023 as a result of a combination of customers using cash on hand for debt payoffs, seasonal tax and municipal bond payments, and customers seeking higher rates in ~~the same period~~money market securities or other investments. Deposits grew in ~~the prior year. Basic and diluted earnings per common share were $0.50 for~~ the third quarter of 2023 due to new business, recapture of deposit losses, and ~~$1.39~~some seasonalityin municipal balances. ChoiceOne continues to be proactive in managing its liquidity position by using brokered deposits, the Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP") and FHLB advances to ensure ample liquidity. At September 30, 2023, total available borrowing capacity from all sources was $796.1 million. Uninsured deposits totaled $724.1 million or 34.7% of deposits at September 30, 2023.

The cost of deposits increased to 1.36% during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to 0.98% and 0.29% for the ~~first~~three months ended June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively, due to rising short term interest rates and is expected to continue to increase as deposits reprice and customers migrate to CD products. ChoiceOne is actively managing these costs and expects rates paid on deposits to continue to lag the federal funds rate. Interest expense on borrowings for the three and nine months ~~of 2017,~~ended September 30, 2023, increased $2.5 million and $5.0 million, respectively, compared to ~~adjusted amounts of $0.50 and $1.28, respectively, for~~ the same periods in ~~2016. Earnings per share amounts for~~ the prior year, due to increases in borrowing amounts and interest rates. Borrowings include $160 million from the BTFP with a fixed rate of 4.71% through May 2024 and $20 million of FHLB borrowings with a fixed rate of 4.88% through July of 2025. This funding structure has helped moderate interest

expense increases in the third quarter as rates have ~~been adjusted for the 5% stock dividend~~risen. Total cost of funds (annualized interest paid on ~~May 31, 2017.~~ all interest bearing liabilities over average interest bearing liabilities plus demand deposits) increased to 1.70% in the third quarter of 2023 compared to 1.29% in the second quarter of 2023 and 0.35% in the second quarter of 2022.

The return on average assets ~~(“ROAA”)~~ and return on average shareholders’ equity ~~(“ROAE”) percentages~~ were ~~1.02%~~0.80% and ~~8.59%~~11.31%, respectively, for the third quarter of 2023, compared to 0.97% and 14.11%, respectively, for the same period in 2022. The return on average assets and return on average shareholders’ equity were 0.87% and 12.26%, respectively, for the first nine months of ~~2017,~~2023, compared to ~~1.01%~~0.95% and ~~8.15%~~12.32%, respectively, for the same period in ~~2016. ROAA~~2022. The decrease in the return on average shareholders' equity in the three months ended September 30, 2023, was caused by an increase in shareholders’ equity. The increase in shareholders' equity was related to a decrease in unrealized losses on available for sale securities and ~~ROAE percentages are non-GAAP financial measures management believes to be useful to investors.~~an increase in the fair value of derivatives.

Dividends

~~Dividends~~

Cash dividends of ~~$585,000~~$2.0 million or ~~$0.17~~$0.26 per share were declared in the third quarter of ~~2017,~~2023, compared to ~~$557,000~~$1.9 million or ~~an adjusted $0.16~~$0.25 per share in the third quarter of ~~2016. The cash~~2022. Cash dividends declared in the first nine months of ~~2017~~2023 were ~~$1,738,000~~$5.9 million or ~~an adjusted $0.50~~$0.78 per share, compared to ~~$1,674,000~~$5.6 million or ~~an adjusted $0.49~~$0.75 per share ~~declared~~in the same period during the prior year. The cash dividend payout percentage was 36.8% for the first nine months of 2023, compared to 33.2% in the same period in ~~2016. Dividends per share amounts for~~ the prior ~~year have been adjusted for the 5% stock dividend paid on May 31, 2017.~~year.

Interest Income and Expense

Tables 1 and 2 on the following pages provide information regarding interest income and expense for the ~~nine-month periods~~three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2023 and ~~2016, respectively.~~2022. Table 1 documents ChoiceOne’s average balances and interest income and expense, as well as the average rates earned or paid on assets and liabilities. Table 2 documents the effect on interest income and expense of changes in volume (average balance) and interest rates. These tables are referred to in the discussion of interest income, interest expense and net interest income.

Table 1 – Average Balances and Tax-Equivalent Interest Rates


	Nine Months Ended September 30,																Three Months Ended September 30,
	2017								2016								2023								2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest			Rate			Average Balance		Interest			Rate			Average								Average
																	Balance		Interest			Rate			Balance		Interest			Rate
Assets:
Loans (1)	$	382,478		13,165			4.59	%	$	355,281		12,301			4.62	%
Taxable securities (2) (3)		126,288		1,935			2.04			117,635		1,731			1.96
Nontaxable securities (1) (2)		55,229		1,613			3.89			53,685		1,643			4.08
Loans (1)(3)(4)(5)(6)																	$	1,278,421	$	17,779			5.52	%	$	1,128,679	$	13,622			4.83	%
Taxable securities (2)(6)																		741,287		5,345			2.86			774,040		3,943			2.04
Nontaxable securities (1)																		294,498		1,797			2.42			305,661		1,853			2.43
Other		6,345		50			1.06			3,915		14			0.18			128,704		1,766			5.44			43,418		238			2.19
Interest-earning assets		570,340		16,763			3.92			530,516		15,689			3.94			2,442,910		26,687			4.33			2,251,798		19,656			3.49
Noninterest-earning assets		56,682								53,913								125,330								137,752
Total assets	$	627,022							$	584,429							$	2,568,240							$	2,389,550

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	207,642		275			0.18	%	$	193,675		190			0.13	%	$	856,485	$	2,885			1.34	%	$	915,698	$	972			0.42	%
Savings deposits		76,369		11			0.02			72,619		16			0.03			357,687		462			0.51			464,382		182			0.16
Certificates of deposit		106,695		574			0.72			86,707		393			0.60			336,419		3,308			3.90			196,160		410			0.84
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank		19,963		169			1.13			25,127		119			0.63
Brokered deposit																		44,868		582			5.15			-		-			0.00
Borrowings																		181,739		2,171			4.74			2,414		8			1.40
Subordinated debentures																		35,413		413			4.62			35,168		375			4.27
Other		5,453		10			0.24			8,698		7			0.11			20,480		257			4.97			-		-			0.00
Interest-bearing liabilities		416,122		1,039			0.33			386,826		725			0.25			1,833,091		10,078			2.18			1,613,822		1,947			0.48
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits		133,636								122,641
Demand deposits																		540,497								593,793
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		2,775								2,945								13,433								17,177
Total liabilities		552,533								512,412								2,387,021								2,224,792
Shareholders’ equity		74,489								72,017
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	627,022							$	584,429
Shareholders' equity																		181,219								164,758
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity																	$	2,568,240							$	2,389,550

Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis) - interest spread (Non-GAAP)				15,724			3.59	%				14,964			3.69	%
Tax-equivalent adjustment (1)				(553	)							(563	)
Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis) (Non-GAAP) (1)																			$	16,609							$	17,709

Net interest margin (tax-equivalent basis) (Non-GAAP) (1)																							2.70	%							3.15	%

Reconciliation to Reported Net Interest Income
Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis) (Non-GAAP) (1)																			$	16,609							$	17,709
Adjustment for taxable equivalent interest																				(383	)							(371	)
Net interest income (GAAP)			$	15,171							$	14,401							$	16,226							$	17,338
Net interest income as a percentage of earning assets (tax-equivalent basis) (Non-GAAP)							3.68	%							3.76	%
Net interest margin (GAAP)																							2.64	%							3.08	%

(1)

	~~(1)~~	~~Adjusted to a fully tax-equivalent basis to facilitate comparison to the taxable interest-earning assets. The adjustment uses an incremental tax rate of 34% for the periods presented.~~
	~~(2)~~	~~Includes the effect of unrealized gains or losses on securities.~~
	~~(3)~~	~~Taxable securities include dividend income from Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock.~~

~~Table 2 – Changes in Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income~~

Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands) 2017 Over 2016
Total Volume Rate
Increase (decrease) in interest income (1)
Loans (2) $ 864 $ 981 $ (117 )
Taxable securities 204 131 73
Nontaxable securities (2) (30 ) 66 (96 )
Other 36 12 24
Net change in tax-equivalent interest income 1,074 1,190 (116 )

Increase (decrease) in interest expense (1)
Interest-bearing demand deposits 85 15 70
Savings deposits (5 ) 1 (6 )
Certificates of deposit 181 100 81
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank 50 (41 ) 91
Other 3 (5 ) 8
Net change in interest expense 314 69 245
Net change in tax-equivalent net interest income $ 760 $ 1,121 $ (361 )

	~~(1)~~	The volume variance is computed as the change in volume (average balance) multiplied by the previous year’s interest rate. The rate variance is computed as the change in interest rate multiplied by the previous year’s volume (average balance)Adjusted to a fully tax-equivalent basis to facilitate comparison to the taxable interest-earning assets. The adjustment uses an incremental tax rate of 21%. ~~The change in interest due to both volume and rate has been allocated to the volume and rate changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.~~
	~~(2)~~	~~Interest on nontaxable investment securities and loans has been adjusted to a fully tax-equivalent basis using an incremental tax rate of 34% for the periods presented.~~

~~Net Interest Income~~

The presentation of ~~net interest income~~these measures on a tax-equivalent basis is not in accordance with ~~U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”),~~GAAP, but is customary in the banking industry. ~~This~~These non-GAAP ~~measure ensures~~measures ensure comparability ~~of net interest income arising from~~with respect to both taxable and tax-exempt loans and ~~investment~~ securities.

(2)

Taxable securities include dividend income from Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock.

(3)

Loans include both loans to other financial institutions and loans held for sale.

(4)

Non-accruing loan and PPP loan balances are included in the balances of average loans. Non-accruing loan average balances were $1.6 million and $1.2 million in the third quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively. PPP loan average balances were $0 and $879,000 in the third quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(5)

Interest on loans included net origination fees, accretion income, and PPP fees. Accretion income was $444,000 and $440,000 in the third quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively. PPP fees were approximately $0 and $68,000 in the third quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(6)

Interest on loans and securities included derivative income and expense. Derivative income in securities was $637,000 and derivative expense in securities was $157,000 in the third quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively. Derivative expense

in loan interest income was $673,000 and derivative income in loan interest was $149,000 in the third quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023								2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Average								Average
	Balance		Interest			Rate			Balance		Interest			Rate
Assets:
Loans (1)(3)(4)(5)(6)	$	1,233,463	$	48,655			5.26	%	$	1,081,943	$	38,454			4.74	%
Taxable securities (2)(6)		753,490		15,637			2.77			782,378		11,001			1.87
Nontaxable securities (1)		296,453		5,372			2.42			319,381		5,921			2.47
Other		63,478		2,514			5.28			40,217		314			1.04
Interest-earning assets		2,346,884		72,178			4.10			2,223,919		55,691			3.34
Noninterest-earning assets		114,474								149,813
Total assets	$	2,461,358							$	2,373,732

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	848,964	$	6,362			1.00	%	$	918,644	$	2,034			0.30	%
Savings deposits		378,939		1,080			0.38			455,816		485			0.14
Certificates of deposit		290,136		6,813			3.13			185,857		823			0.59
Brokered deposit		35,887		1,315			4.89			-		-			0.00
Borrowings		130,133		4,597			4.71			5,708		35			0.83
Subordinated debentures		35,352		1,222			4.61			35,205		1,099			4.16
Other		7,934		302			5.07			-		-			0.00
Interest-bearing liabilities		1,727,345		21,691			1.67			1,601,230		4,477			0.37
Demand deposits		546,983								575,483
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		13,392								13,528
Total liabilities		2,287,720								2,190,241
Shareholders' equity		173,638								183,491
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	2,461,358							$	2,373,732

Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis) (Non-GAAP) (1)			$	50,487							$	51,214

Net interest margin (tax-equivalent basis) (Non-GAAP) (1)							2.87	%							3.07	%

Reconciliation to Reported Net Interest Income
Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis) (Non-GAAP) (1)			$	50,487							$	51,214
Adjustment for taxable equivalent interest				(1,158	)							(1,265	)
Net interest income (GAAP)			$	49,329							$	49,948
Net interest margin (GAAP)							2.80	%							2.99	%

(1)

Adjusted to a fully tax-equivalent basis to facilitate comparison to the taxable interest-earning assets. The ~~adjustments to determine net interest income~~adjustment uses an incremental tax rate of 21%. The presentation of these measures on a tax-equivalent basis is not in accordance with GAAP, but is customary in the banking industry. These non-GAAP measures ensure comparability with respect to both taxable and tax-exempt loans and securities.

(2)

Taxable securities include dividend income from Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock.

(3)

Loans include both loans to other financial institutions and loans held for sale.

(4)

Non-accruing loan and PPP loan balances are included in the balances of average loans. Non-accruing loan average balances were ~~$553,000~~$1.5 million and ~~$563,000 for~~$1.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2023 and ~~2016,~~2022, respectively. ~~These adjustments~~PPP loan average balances were $0 and $10.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(5)

Interest on loans included net origination fees, accretion income, and PPP fees. Accretion income was $1.4 million and $1.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. PPP fees were approximately $0 and $1.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(6)

Interest on loans and securities included derivative income and expense. Derivative income in securities was $1.5 million and derivative expense in securities was $166,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Derivative expense in loan interest income was $2.1 million and derivative income in loan interest was $580,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023and 2022, respectively.

Table 2 – Changes in Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income


	Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023 Over 2022
	Total			Volume			Rate
Increase (decrease) in interest income (1)
Loans (2)	$	4,157		$	2,001		$	2,156
Taxable securities		1,402			(1,075	)		2,477
Nontaxable securities (2)		(56	)		(54	)		(2	)
Other		1,528			870			658
Net change in interest income		7,031			1,742			5,289

Increase (decrease) in interest expense (1)
Interest-bearing demand deposits		1,913			(428	)		2,341
Savings deposits		280			(283	)		563
Certificates of deposit		2,898			475			2,423
Brokered deposit		582			582			-
Borrowings		2,163			2,096			67
Subordinated debentures		38			3			35
Other		257			257			-
Net change in interest expense		8,131			2,702			5,429
Net change in tax-equivalent net interest income	$	(1,100	)	$	(960	)	$	(140	)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023 Over 2022
	Total			Volume			Rate
Increase (decrease) in interest income (1)
Loans (2)	$	10,201		$	6,423		$	3,778
Taxable securities		4,635			(547	)		5,182
Nontaxable securities (2)		(549	)		(444	)		(105	)
Other		2,200			350			1,850
Net change in interest income		16,487			5,782			10,705

Increase (decrease) in interest expense (1)
Interest-bearing demand deposits		4,328			(221	)		4,549
Savings deposits		595			(121	)		716
Certificates of deposit		5,990			886			5,104
Brokered deposit		1,315			1,315			0
Borrowings		4,562			3,930			632
Subordinated debentures		123			6			117
Other		302			302			0
Net change in interest expense		17,215			6,097			11,118
Net change in tax-equivalent net interest income	$	(728	)	$	(315	)	$	(413	)

(1)

The volume variance is computed as the change in volume (average balance) multiplied by the previous year’s interest rate. The rate variance is computed as the change in interest rate multiplied by the previous year’s volume (average balance). The change in interest due to both volume and rate has been allocated to the volume and rate changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

(2)

Interest on nontaxable investment securities and loans has been adjusted to a fully tax-equivalent basis using ~~a 34% federal income~~an incremental tax ~~rate.~~rate of 21%.

~~As shown in Tables 1 and 2, tax-equivalent~~

Net Interest Income

Tax-equivalent net interest income decreased $1.1 million and $728,000 in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. The Federal Reserve increased ~~$760,000~~the federal funds rate by 5.25% from March 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023 in response to published inflation rates. This increased rates on newly originated loans and increased rates paid on deposits. Tax equivalent net interest margin decreased 45 basis points and 20 basis points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 to 2.70% and 2.87%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. GAAP based net interest margin decreased 44 basis points and 19 basis points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 to 2.64% and 2.80%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. Tax-equivalent net interest margin during the month of September 2023 was 2.70%.

The following table presents the cost of deposits and the cost of funds for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Cost of deposits		1.36	%		0.29	%		0.99	%		0.21	%
Cost of funds		1.70	%		0.35	%		1.27	%		0.37	%

ChoiceOne has experienced substantial core loan growth from September 30, 2022 to September 30, 2023, leading to an increase in interest income from loans of $4.2 million and $10.2 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Average core loans grew $149.7 million and $174.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. In addition, the average rate earned on loans increased 69 basis points and 52 basis points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase in interest income from loans and the average rate increase on loans was muted by a decline in PPP fees and an increase in derivative expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same periods in 2022. PPP fee income in the first nine months of ~~2017~~2023 was $0 compared to $68,000 and $1.2 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Derivative loan expense was $673,000 and $2.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to derivative loan income in the prior year of $149,000 and $580,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The average balance of total securities decreased $43.9 million and $51.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same ~~period~~periods in ~~2016.~~the prior year. The ~~effect~~decrease is due to the liquidation of ~~growth~~$31.8 million in ~~average interest-earning assets, partially offset by an increase in average interest-bearing liabilities, caused tax-equivalent net interest income to increase $1.1 million in~~securities during the first nine months of ~~2017~~2022, with the remainder attributed to paydowns and a decline in the fair value of available for sale securities. The average rate earned on securities increased 61 basis points and 62 basis points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year, which was aided by $637,000 and $1.5 million of income related to derivative instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to a loss of $157,000 and $166,000 in the same periods in the prior year.

Interest expense increased $8.1 million and $17.2 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The average rate paid on interest bearing-demand deposits and savings deposits increased 77 basis points and 56 basis points in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. This was offset by the decline in the average balance of interest bearing-demand deposits and savings deposits, of $165.9 million and $146.6 million during the respective time periods. The increase in the average balance of certificates of deposit of $140.3 million and $104.3 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, combined with a 306 basis point and 254 basis point increase in the rate paid on certificates of deposits in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year, led to an increase in interest expense of $2.9 million and $6.0 million during the respective time periods.

In order to bolster liquidity, ChoiceOne borrowed $160.0 million from the Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP") and currently holds $49.2 million in brokered deposits and $20.0 million in FHLB advances at the end of the third quarter of 2023. The net effect of these additional borrowed funds and brokered CDs was an increase in interest expense of $2.7 million and $5.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022.

In September 2021, ChoiceOne completed a private placement of $32.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.25% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2031. In addition, ChoiceOne holds certain subordinated debentures issued in connection with a trust preferred securities offering that were obtained as part of the merger with Community Shores. The average balance of subordinated debentures was relatively flat in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2023, ChoiceOne adopted ASU 2016-13 CECL which caused an increase in the allowance for credit losses ("ACL") of $7.2 million. The large increase was partially due to the economic environment and the nature of the CECL calculation. Approximately 20% of this increase is related to the migration of purchased loans into the portfolio assessed by the CECL calculation. ChoiceOne also booked a liability for expected credit losses on unfunded loans and other commitments of $3.3 million related to the adoption of CECL. These unfunded loans are open credit lines with current customers and loans approved by ChoiceOne but not funded. The increase in the ACL and the cost of the liability resulted in a decrease in the retained earnings account on our Consolidated Balance Sheet equal to the after-tax impact, with the tax impact portion being recorded in deferred taxes in our Consolidated balance Sheet in accordance with FASB guidance.

The ACL consists of general and specific components. The general component covers loans collectively evaluated for credit loss and is based on peer historical loss experience adjusted for current and forecasted factors. Management's adjustment for current and forecasted factors is based on trends in delinquencies, trends in charge-offs and recoveries, trends in the volume of loans, changes in underwriting standards, trends in loan review findings, the experience and ability of lending staff, and a reasonable and supportable economic forecast described further below.

The determination of our loss factors is based, in part, upon benchmark peer loss history adjusted for qualitative factors that, in management's judgment, affect the collectability of the portfolio as of the analysis date. ChoiceOne's lookback period of benchmark peer net ~~interest spread~~charge-off history was ~~reduced 10 basis points~~ from ~~3.69%~~January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2019 for this analysis.

Loans individually evaluated for credit losses increased by $302,000 to $3.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and the ACL related to these individually evaluated loans increased by $331,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 largely due the decline in collateral value of the impaired loans at September 30, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022.

Nonperforming loans, which includes Other Real Estate Owned (OREO) but excludes performing TLM and TDR loans, were $1.8 million as of September 30, 2023, compared to $1.2 million as of December 31, 2022. The ACL was 1.14% of total loans, excluding loans held for sale, at September 30, 2023, compared to 1.24% as of January 1, 2023 (the CECL adoption date) and 0.64% at December 31, 2022. The liability for expected credit losses on unfunded loans and other commitments was $2.7 million on September 30, 2023, compared to $3.3 million as of January 1, 2023 (the CECL adoption date) and did not exist on December 31, 2022.

Net charge-offs were $244,000 in the first nine months of ~~2016, to 3.59% in the first nine months in 2017, which caused a decrease in net interest income of $361,000.~~

~~The decline in the interest spread was due to a 2 basis point decrease in the average rate earned on interest-earning assets in the first nine months of 2017~~2023, compared to ~~the same nine months in 2016 plus the effect~~net charge-offs of an 8 basis point increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The reduction in the average rate earned on interest-earning assets was caused by relatively low general market rates on new loan originations and securities purchased in 2016 and the first nine months of 2017. Interest rates on loans are also being impacted by rate pressure from competing financial institutions in the markets in which ChoiceOne operates. The higher rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities resulted from growth in brokered certificates of deposit, which increased the overall average rate on this deposit type, as well as increases in short-term interest rates in 2016 and the first nine months of 2017 which increased the average rate paid on advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank.

~~The average balance of loans increased $27.2 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared to~~$331,000 during the same period in ~~2016. Average commercial~~2022. Checking account charge-off and ~~industrial and commercial real estate loans were $22.1 million higher, while average consumer and residential mortgage loans grew $2.2 million and $2.9 million, respectively,~~recovery activity is included in the first nine months of 2017. The increase in the average loans balance was offset by a 3 basis point decrease in the average rate earned. The combination of the loan growth and interest rate decline caused tax-equivalent interest income from loans to increase $864,000 in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period in the prior year. The average balance of total securities grew $10.2 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. Additional securities were purchased in 2016 and in the first nine months of 2017 to provide added liquidity and to provide earning asset growth. Growth in the average balance of securities, offset by a small decline in the overall average interest rate earned, caused interest income on securities to increase $174,000 in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016.

The average balance of interest-bearing demand deposits increased $14.0 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. This growth, plus the effect of a 5 basis point increase in the rate paid, caused interest expense to grow $85,000 in the first three quarters of 2017 compared to the same period in the prior year. The average balance of certificates of deposit increased $20.0 million in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The average balance of brokered certificates of deposit was $26.4 million higher in the first nine months of 2017 and the balance of local certificates of deposit was $6.4 million lower in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period in the prior year. The impact of growth in the average certificates balance and a 12 basis point increase in the average rate paid caused interest expense to grow $181,000 in the first three quarters of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The effect of a $5.2 million decline in the average balance of Federal Home Loan Bank advances was more than offset by a 50 basis point increase in the average rate paid which caused growth of $50,000 in interest expense in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period in the prior year.

~~Provision and Allowance~~consumer charge-off activity below. Net charge-offs for ~~Loan Losses~~

Total loans increased $25.1 million in the first nine months of 2017, while the allowance for loan losses decreased $61,000 during the same period. A provision for loan losses of $95,000 was recorded in the third quarter and $120,000checking accounts for the first nine months of ~~2017,~~2023 were $178,000 compared to $0$186,000 for the same periods in 2016. Nonperforming loans were $3.9 million as of September 30, 2017, compared to $4.6 million as of June 30, 2017 and $5.1 million as of December 31, 2016. The decrease in nonperforming loans in the third quarter was due to lower balances of nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing. The allowance for loan losses was 1.07% of total loans at September 30, 2017, compared to 1.08% at June 30, 2017, and 1.16% at December 31, 2016.

~~Charge-offs and recoveries for respective loan categories for the nine months ended September 30 were as follows:~~

(Dollars in thousands) 2017 2016
Charge-offs Recoveries Charge-offs Recoveries
Agricultural $ — $ — $ — $ —
Commercial and industrial 374 4 33 31
Consumer 189 107 136 119
Commercial real estate — 226 — 35
Construction real estate — 40 — —
Residential real estate 44 49 94 160
$ 607 $ 426 $ 263 $ 345

Net recoveries were $23,000 in the third quarter and net charge-offs were $181,000 in the first nine months of 2017, compared to net charge-offs of $20,000 and net recoveries of $82,000 in the same periodsperiod in the prior year. Net charge-offs on an annualized basis as a percentage of average loans were ~~0.06%~~0.03% in the first nine months of ~~2017,~~2023 compared to annualized net ~~recoveries~~charge-offs of ~~0.03% for~~0.04% of average loans in the same period in the prior year. ~~Management is aware that~~

Charge-offs and recoveries for respective loan categories for the ~~economic climate in Michigan will continue to affect business~~nine months ended September 30, 2023 and ~~individual borrowers. Management has worked~~2022 were as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	2023				2022
	Charge-offs		Recoveries		Charge-offs		Recoveries
Agricultural	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and industrial		73		57		177		62
Consumer		432		208		383		162
Commercial real estate		—		13		—		3
Construction real estate		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate		27		10		—		2
	$	532	$	288	$	560	$	229

The provision for credit losses was $438,000 and intends to continue to work with delinquent borrowers in an attempt to lessen the negative impact to ChoiceOne. As charge-offs, changes in the level of nonperforming loans, and changes within the composition of the loan portfolio occur in the remainder of 2017, the provision and allowance for loan losses will be reviewed by the Bank’s management and adjusted as determined to be necessary.

~~Noninterest Income~~

~~Total noninterest income decreased $82,000~~$333,000 in the third quarter ~~and $302,000 in the first nine months~~ of 2017 compared to the same periods in 2016. The decline was caused by lower gains on sales of loans in the first nine months of 2017 when compared to the same period in 2016. The reduction in mortgage income was primarily due to higher interest rates in the current year and a relatively low inventory of homes available for sale in the Bank’s primary market areas. Gains on sales of securities were also lower in the first three quarters of 2017 compared to the same period in the prior year as a result of higher interest rates in the current year which impacted ChoiceOne’s ability to recognize gains.

~~Noninterest Expense~~

Total noninterest expense increased $122,000 in the third quarter and decreased $128,000 in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same periods in 2016. An increase in salaries and benefits expense in both the third quarter2023 and first nine months of ~~2017~~2023, respectively, compared to ~~the same periods~~$100,000 in ~~2016 resulted from higher salaries from raises and personnel additions and higher bonus accruals. Occupancy and equipment expense grew in the third quarter and first three quarters of 2017 compared to~~ the same periods in the prior ~~year~~year. The provision expense was deemed necessary due to ~~higher building~~the impact of core loan growth and ~~equipment depreciation. The growth~~the increase in ~~salaries and benefits and occupancy and equipment expenses was partially~~the calculated reserve for individually analyzed loans offset by ~~reductions~~improvements in the Federal Open Market Committee ("FOMC") forecast for unemployment and GDP growth. The FOMC forecast for change in real GDP improved from 1.0% in June to 2.1% in September while the unemployment rate forecast improved from 4.1% in June to 3.8% in September.

The loan provision expense was offset by the decrease in unfunded commitments provision of ~~$112,000 and $336,000 in intangible amortization expense~~$438,000 in the third quarter of 2023 as ChoiceOne saw a decrease in the pipeline for new loans approved but not funded. The total unfunded commitments decreased $32.5 million in the third quarter of 2023 compared to June 30, 2023 and increased $7.5 million compared to January 1, 2023.

Net provision for credit losses was zero in the ~~first~~third quarter of 2023.

Noninterest Income

Total noninterest income increased by $657,000 and $537,000 in the three and nine months ~~of 2017, respectively,~~ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The ~~Bank’s intangible assets were completely amortized~~increase was largely due to losses in the ~~fourth~~securities markets which occurred during the prior year. Gains on sales of loans was slightly better in the third quarter of ~~2016.~~2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022; however, overall volume remains somewhat depressed due to a competitive housing market and higher mortgage rates. ChoiceOne has also seen steady increases in wealth management income after recent investments in the operation, including the opening of a dedicated wealth management office in Sparta, Michigan during the third quarter of 2023.

Noninterest Expense

Total noninterest expense increased $1.0 million or 2.6%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. The modest increase in total noninterest expense was largely related to inflationary pressures on employee wages and benefits. ChoiceOne continues to monitor expenses and looks to improve our efficiency through automation and use of digital tools. Management continues to seek out ways to manage costs; however, staying ahead of technological advances and retaining top talent continue to be important in maintaining our competitive advantage.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $1,668,000 in the first nine months of 2017 compared to $1,591,000 for the same period in 2016. The effective tax rate was 25.8% for the first nine months of 2017 and 26.5% for the same period in 2016. Income tax expense for the third quarter of 2017 was slightly lower than the same period in the prior year due to a larger impact from nontaxable income in the current year and slightly higher tax credits.

~~FINANCIAL CONDITION~~

~~Securities~~

~~The securities available for sale portfolio decreased $7.1 million in the third quarter and declined $1.1~~$3.2 million in the first nine months of ~~2017.~~2023 compared to $3.0 million for the same period in 2022. The effective tax rate was 16.5% for the first nine months of 2023 compared to 14.8% for the same period in 2022. In the nine months ended September 30, 2023, non taxable municipal interest decreased and disallowed interest expense increased compared to the first nine months of 2022.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Securities

Total available for sale securities on September 30, 2023, were $490.8 million compared to $529.7 on December 31, 2022, with the decrease caused by $22.0 million of principal repayments, calls or maturities, and a decrease in the fair value of the underlying securities. The unrealized loss on securities ~~portfolio helped to fund ChoiceOne’s loan growth in the first three quarters of 2017. Various securities totaling $34.0~~available for sale increased by $3.2 million ~~were purchased~~ in the first nine months of ~~2017~~2023. ChoiceOne's held to ~~replace maturities, principal repayments, and calls within~~maturity securities declined during the ~~securities portfolio. Approximately $12.4~~first nine months of 2023, as $3.5 million of securities were called or matured ~~in the first nine months of 2017. Principal~~and principal repayments on securities totaled ~~$1.8~~$6.7 million. The securities portfolio is projected to produce approximately $173 million of cashflows over the next two years as securities mature.

At September 30, 2023, ChoiceOne had $172.3 million in unrealized losses on its investment securities, including $92.2 million in unrealized losses on available for sale securities and $80.1 in unrealized losses on held to maturity securities. Unrealized losses on corporate and municipal bonds have not been recognized into income because management believes the ~~first nine months~~issuers are of ~~2017. Approximately $22.5~~high credit quality, and management does not intend to sell prior to their anticipated recovery, and the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. The issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments on the bonds. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach maturity.

ChoiceOne utilizes interest rate derivatives as part of its asset liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. In order to hedge the risk of rising rates and unrealized losses on securities resulting from the rising rates, ChoiceOne currently holds four interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $401.0 million. These derivative instruments increase in value as long-term interest rates rise, which offsets the reduction in shareholders' equity due to unrealized losses on securities available for sale. Refer to footnote 8 for more discussion on ChoiceOne’s derivative position.

Equity securities included a money market preferred security ("MMP") of $1.0 million and common stock of $6.3 million as of September 30, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, equity securities ~~were sold~~included an MMP of $1.0 million and common stock of $7.6 million. The decline compared to December 31, 2022 was due to the sale of a local bank stock during the quarter.

Per U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, unrealized gains or losses on securities available for sale are reflected on the balance sheet in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), while unrealized gains or losses on securities held to maturity are not reflected on the balance sheet in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Loans

Core loans grew organically by $60.6 million or 19.8% on an annualized basis during the third quarter of 2023 and $153.6 million or 13.6% since September 30, 2022. Loans to other financial institutions increased to $23.8 million as of September 30, 2023, compared to $70,000 as of September 30, 2022. Loans to other financial institutions is comprised of a warehouse line of credit to facilitate mortgage loan originations and the interest rate fluctuates with the national mortgage market. This balance is short term in nature with an average life of under 30 days. Management believes the short-term structure and low credit risk of this asset is advantageous in the ~~first nine months of 2017 for a net gain of $177,000.~~

~~Loans~~

~~Loans~~current rate environment. Loan interest income increased ~~$14.6~~$4.2 million and $10.2 million in the third quarter ~~of 2017~~ and ~~$25.1 million in the~~ first nine months of ~~2017. Commercial~~2023 compared to the same period in 2022, despite being offset by a decline in PPP fees and an increase in derivative expense. PPP fee income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $0 compared to $68,000 and $1.2 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Derivative expense was $673,000 and $2.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to derivative income in the prior year of $149,000 and $580,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Loan growth was concentrated in residential real estate 1-4 family loans which grew $76.5 million and non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans which grew ~~$6.5~~$51.5 million ~~agricultural~~in the trailing twelve months from September 30, 2023. Much of this growth in commercial real estate loans ~~grew $4.3 million, residential construction loans grew $1.8 million,~~is directly the result of the new loan production offices in both the city of Wyoming, Michigan and Macomb County, Michigan, as well as the newly hired experienced lenders in these locations. Part of the growth in residential real estate loans ~~grew~~can be attributed to the 5/1 ARM product, which became popular as a mortgage option and is less salable than more traditional fixed-rate mortgage products.

During the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, ChoiceOne recorded accretion income related to acquired loans in the amount of $444,000 and $1.4 million, respectively. Remaining credit and ~~consumer~~yield mark on acquired loans ~~grew $0.6~~from the mergers with County Bank Corp. and Community Shores will accrete into income as the acquired loans mature. The remaining yield mark on acquired loans from the mergers with County Bank Corp. and Community Shores totaled $3.0 million ~~in the most recent quarter while commercial and industrial loans were unchanged. The environment for loan originations in ChoiceOne’s market area has become increasingly competitive.~~as of September 30, 2023.

Asset Quality

Information regarding ~~impaired~~individually evaluated loans can be found in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this report. The total balance of individually evaluated loans ~~classified as impaired~~ was ~~$4.1~~$3.1 million ~~as of~~on September 30, ~~2017,~~2023, compared to ~~$4.4~~$2.8 million as of ~~June 30, 2017 and $4.9 million~~impaired loans as of December 31, ~~2016.~~2022. The ~~impaired loans balance was steady or declined in all loan categories~~change in the ~~third quarter except for commercial real estate loans which were up slightly.~~first nine months of 2023 was primarily due to an increase in non-accrual residential mortgage loans.

As part of its review of the loan portfolio, management also monitors the various nonperforming loans. Nonperforming loans are comprised ~~of: (1)~~of loans accounted for on a nonaccrual ~~basis; (2)~~basis and loans, not included in nonaccrual loans, which are contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal ~~payments; and (3) loans, not included in nonaccrual or loans past due 90 days or more, which are considered troubled debt restructurings.~~payments.

The balances of these nonperforming loans were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) September 30,
2017 December 31,
2016
Loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis $ 1,149 $ 1,983
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest payments 132 229
Loans considered troubled debt restructurings 2,637 2,853
Total $ 3,918 $ 5,065


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis	$	1,670	$	1,263
Accruing loans which are contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest payments		—		—
Loans past due defined as "troubled loan modifications" or "troubled debt restructurings " which are not included above		137		—
Total	$	1,807	$	1,263

~~At September 30, 2017,~~The increase in the balance of nonaccrual loans included $423,000 in agricultural loans, $59,000 in commercial and industrial loans, $17,000 in consumer loans, $211,000 in commercial real estate loans, and $439,000 in residential real estate loans. At December 31, 2016, nonaccrual loans included $482,000 in agricultural loans, $245,000 in commercial and industrial loans, $6,000 in consumer loans, $458,000 in commercial real estate loans, and $792,000 in residential real estate loans. Management believes the allowance allocated to its nonperforming loans is sufficient at September 30, 2017.

~~Deposits and Borrowings~~

~~Total deposits increased $1.5 million in the third quarter of 2017 and $13.5 million in the last nine months of 2016. Checking and savings deposits declined $3.7 million~~ in the first nine months of ~~2017, while local certificates~~2023 was primarily due to the increase in residential mortgage loans. Management believes the ACL allocated to its nonperforming loans was sufficient at September 30, 2023.

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated annually for impairment and on an interim basis if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. The goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of ~~deposit increased $4.2~~a reporting unit with its carrying amount, and an impairment charge would be recognized for any amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. Accounting pronouncements allow a company to first perform a qualitative assessment for goodwill prior to a quantitative assessment (Step 1 assessment). If the results of the qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, then a quantitative assessment must be performed. If not, there is no further assessment required. ChoiceOne acquired Valley Ridge Financial Corp. in 2006, County Bank Corp. in 2019, and Community Shores in 2020, which resulted in the recognition of goodwill of $13.7 million, $38.9 million and $7.3 million, respectively.

ChoiceOne conducted an annual assessment of goodwill as of June 30, 2023 and no impairment was identified. ChoiceOne used a qualitative assessment to determine goodwill was not impaired.

During the prior year, ChoiceOne engaged a third party valuation firm to assist in performing a quantitative analysis of goodwill as of November 30, 2022 ("the valuation date"). In deriving the fair value of the reporting unit (the Bank), the third-party firm assessed general economic conditions and outlook; industry and market considerations and outlook; the impact of recent events to financial performance; the market price of ChoiceOne’s common stock and other relevant events. In addition, the valuation relied on financial projections through 2027 and growth rates prepared by management. Based on the valuation prepared, it was determined that ChoiceOne's estimated fair value of the reporting unit at the valuation date was greater than its book value and impairment of goodwill was not required.

Management concurred with the conclusion derived from the quantitative goodwill analysis as of the valuation date and determined that there were no material changes and that no triggering events had occurred that indicated impairment from the valuation date through September 30, 2023, and as a result that it is more likely than not that there was no goodwill impairment.

Deposits and Borrowings

ChoiceOne saw deposits, excluding brokered ~~certificates of deposit grew $13.0 million. Brokered~~ deposits, ~~were obtained~~grow $48.9 million or an annualized 9.6% in the ~~first three quarters~~third quarter of ~~2017 to supplement funding of asset growth. ChoiceOne continued to place~~2023 and decline $34.0 million or an ~~emphasis on building its core deposits base~~annualized 2.1% in the first nine months of ~~2017.~~2023. The ~~small~~ decrease in ~~checking and savings~~ deposits was largely concentrated in the first ~~nine~~quarter of 2023 as a result of a combination of customers using cash on hand for debt payoffs, seasonal tax and municipal bond payments, and customers seeking higher rates via money market securities or other investments. ChoiceOne is actively managing deposit costs and expects rates paid on deposits to continue to lag the federal funds rate. The cost of deposits has increased to 1.36% during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 0.29% for the same period in the prior year, due to rising short term interest rates and is expected to continue to increase as deposits reprice.

Uninsured deposits totaled $724.1 million or 34.7% of ~~2017~~deposits on September 30, 2023 compared to $823.2 million, or 39% of total deposits at December 31, 2022. At September 30, 2023, total available borrowing capacity from all sources was $796.1 million, which exceeds uninsured deposits.

In September 2021, ChoiceOne completed a ~~normal seasonal fluctuation for ChoiceOne.~~private placement of $32.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.25% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2031. ChoiceOne also holds $3.4 million in subordinated debentures issued in connection with a $4.5 million trust preferred securities offering, which were obtained in the merger with Community Shores, offset by the merger mark-to-market adjustment.

During the second quarter of 2023, ChoiceOne borrowed $160 million from the Federal Reserve’s Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP). This program provides a 1-year term at a fixed rate with the ability to prepay at any time without penalty. The interest rate on the BTFP borrowings as of September 30, 2023 was 4.71% and fixed through May of 2024. Collateral pledged is U.S. Treasuries, agency debt and mortgage-backed securities valued at par. During the third quarter of 2023 ChoiceOne borrowed $20 million from the FHLB with a fixed rate of 4.88% through July of 2025. This funding structure has helped moderate interest expense increases in the third quarter as rates have risen. Total cost of funds increased to 1.70% in the third quarter of 2023 compared to 0.35% in the third quarter of 2022.

~~Federal funds purchased grew to $2.7~~Shareholders' Equity

Shareholders’ equity totaled $181.2 million as of September 30, ~~2017~~2023, up from $168.9 million as of December 31, 2022. This increase is due to retained earnings increasing $2.1 million due to earnings and a reduction in accumulated other compressive loss (AOCI) of $9.3 million. AOCI has improved compared to December 31, 2022, despite the rise in interest rates, due to the passage of time, the maturity of our securities portfolio, and an offsetting increase in unrealized gain of our pay-fixed swap derivatives. ChoiceOne ~~used this~~Bank remains “well-capitalized” with a total risk-based capital ratio of 12.7% as of September 30, 2023.

ChoiceOne uses interest rate swaps to manage interest rate exposure to certain fixed assets and variable rate liabilities. On September 30, 2023, ChoiceOne had pay-fixed interest rate swaps with a ~~short-term funding source. Repurchase agreements declined $4.1~~total notional value of $401.0 million, a weighted average coupon of 3.07%, and a fair value of $29.9 million and an average contract length of 8 to 9 years. These derivative instruments increase in value as long-term interest rates rise, which offsets the reduction in equity due to unrealized losses on securities available for sale. Included in the ~~first nine months~~total is $200.0 million of 2017 due to normal fluctuations in funds provided by bank customers and movement of certain funds into other types of accounts. Certain securities are sold under agreements to repurchase them the following day. Management plans to continue this practice as a low-cost source of funding. Federal Home Loan Bank advances grew $18.0 million in the first three quarters of 2017 as advances wereforward starting pay-fixed, receive floating interest rate swaps used to ~~supplement~~hedge interest bearing liabilities. These forward starting swaps will pay a fixed coupon of 2.75% while receiving SOFR starting in late April 2024. At the ~~funding~~current SOFR rate of 5.31%, these forward starting swaps would contribute approximately $427,000 monthly starting in May 2024 which will offset interest expense. In addition, in March 2023, ChoiceOne eliminated all receive-fixed, pay floating swap agreements for ~~earning asset growth.~~a cash payment of $4.2 million. The loss is being amortized in interest income with an expense of approximately $285,000 monthly through April 2024, which was the remaining period of the agreements.

~~Shareholders’ Equity~~

~~Total shareholders’ equity increased $4.6 million from December 31, 2016 to September 30, 2017. Growth in equity resulted from current year’s net income,~~On January 1, 2023, ChoiceOne adopted ASU 2016-13 CECL which caused an increase in the ACL of $7.2 million and booked a liability for expected credit losses on unfunded loans and other commitments of $3.3 million. The increase in the ACL and the cost of the liability resulted in a decrease in the retained earnings account on our Consolidated Balance Sheet equal to the after-tax impact, with the tax impact portion being recorded in deferred taxes in our Consolidated balance Sheet in accordance with FASB guidance. This reduction in retained earnings was offset by first quarter 2023 earnings and recovery of accumulated other comprehensive income, and proceeds from the issuance of ChoiceOne stock, which were partially offset by a stock repurchase and cash dividends paid. The $1.3 million increase in other comprehensive income in the first nine months of 2017 was caused by an increase in net unrealized gains on available for sale securities. The improvement in unrealized gains resulted from decreases in certain interest rate terms since December 31, 2016, which increased the market value of the Bank’s securities.loss.

Regulatory Capital Requirements

Following is information regarding ~~the Bank’s~~ compliance of ChoiceOne and ChoiceOne Bank with regulatory capital ~~requirements~~:requirements:


																										Minimum Required
																										to be Well
																					Minimum Required					Capitalized Under
																					for Capital					Prompt Corrective
(Dollars in thousands)	Actual					Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes					Minimum Required to be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations					Actual					Adequacy Purposes					Action Regulations
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
September 30, 2017
September 30, 2023
ChoiceOne Financial Services Inc.
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	66,071		13.5	%	$	39,033		8.0	%		N/A		N/A		$	229,763		13.2	%	$	139,121		8.0	%	N/A		N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets)		61,859		12.7			21,956		4.5			N/A		N/A
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)																	181,628		10.4			78,256		4.5		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		61,859		12.7			19,516		6.0			N/A		N/A			186,128		10.7			104,341		6.0		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		61,859		9.8			25,350		4.0			N/A		N/A			186,128		7.4			100,482		4.0		N/A		N/A

ChoiceOne Bank
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	61,468		12.7	%	$	38,827		8.0	%	$	48,534		10.0	%	$	220,200		12.7	%	$	138,902		8.0	%	$	173,628		10.0	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets)		57,256		11.8			21,840		4.5			31,547		6.5
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)																	208,644		12.0			78,133		4.5			112,858		6.5
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		57,256		11.8			19,414		6.0			29,120		8.0			208,644		12.0			104,177		6.0			138,902		8.0
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		57,256		9.1			25,204		4.0			31,505		5.0			208,644		8.3			100,350		4.0			125,438		5.0

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2022
ChoiceOne Financial Services Inc.
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	59,644		13.0	%	$	35,289		8.0	%		N/A		N/A		$	222,006		13.8	%	$	128,545		8.0	%	N/A		N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets)		55,324		12.1			19,850		4.5			N/A		N/A
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)																	177,916		11.1			72,307		4.5		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		55,324		12.1			26,467		6.0			N/A		N/A			182,416		11.4			96,409		6.0		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		55,324		9.2			23,641		4.0			N/A		N/A			182,416		7.9			92,558		4.0		N/A		N/A

ChoiceOne Bank
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	58,963		14.2	%	$	35,119		8.0	%	$	43,899		10.0	%	$	208,696		13.0	%	$	128,294		8.0	%	$	160,367		10.0	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets)		54,709		13.3			19,754		4.5			28,534		6.5
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)																	201,077		12.5			72,165		4.5			104,239		6.5
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		54,709		13.3			26,339		6.0			35,119		8.0			201,077		12.5			96,220		6.0			128,294		8.0
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		54,709		9.9			23,504		4.0			29,380		5.0			201,077		8.7			92,449		4.0			115,562		5.0

Management reviews the capital levels of ChoiceOne and ~~the~~ChoiceOne Bank on a regular basis. The Board of Directors ~~(the “Board”)~~ and management believe that the capital levels as of September 30, ~~2017~~2023 are adequate for the foreseeable future. The ~~Board’s~~Board of Directors’ determination of appropriate cash dividends for future periods will be based on, among other things, market conditions and ChoiceOne’s requirements for cash and capital.

~~Liquidity~~54

Liquidity

Net cash provided ~~from~~by operating activities was ~~$5.7~~$57.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2023 compared to $8.2 million provided in the same period a year ago. The change was caused by a decrease in net proceeds provided by loans originated for sale in the secondary market. Net cash used for investing activities was $36.0 million for the first nine months of 2017, compared to $30.6$32.0 million in the same period in ~~2016. A higher level~~2022. The change was due to lower net proceeds from loan sales in 2023 compared to 2022, which was offset by change in other liabilities. Net cash used in investing activities was $96.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $60.5 million used in the same period in 2022. The change was due in part to an increase in net loan originations led to cash used of ~~growth in loans~~$120.3 million in the first nine months of ~~2017~~2023 compared to $73.3 million used in the same period induring the prior ~~year was partially offset by lower growth in securities available for sale.~~year. Net cash provided by financing activities was ~~$28.2~~$139.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $48.1 million in the same period in the prior year. ChoiceOne had $89.2 million less deposit growth in the first nine months of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. ChoiceOne also increased borrowing by $130.0 million in the first nine months of ~~2017,~~2023 compared to ~~$23.9~~a decrease of $50.0 million ~~during~~in the same period induring the prior year. ~~The impact~~

ChoiceOne's market risk exposure occurs in the form of ~~more growth~~interest rate risk and liquidity risk. ChoiceOne's business is transacted in ~~deposits was offset by~~U.S. dollars with no foreign exchange risk exposure. Agricultural loans comprise a ~~lower level~~relatively small portion of ~~net growth in Federal Home Loan Bank advances.~~

ChoiceOne's total assets. Management believes that ~~the current level of liquidity~~ChoiceOne's exposure to changes in commodity prices is ~~sufficient~~insignificant.

Liquidity risk deals with ChoiceOne's ability to meet ~~the Bank’s normal operating needs. This belief is based upon the availability~~its cash flow requirements. These requirements include depositors desiring to withdraw funds and borrowers seeking credit. Longer-term liquidity needs may be met through core deposit growth, maturities of ~~deposits~~and cash flows from ~~both the local and national markets, maturities of~~investment securities, normal loan repayments, advances from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank, brokered certificates of deposit, and income ~~retention, federal funds purchased from correspondent banks, and advances available~~retention. ChoiceOne had $160.0 million in outstanding borrowings from the Federal ~~Home Loan Bank.~~Reserve’s Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP) as of September 30, 2023. ChoiceOne had $20.0 million in outstanding borrowings at the FHLB as of September 30, 2023. The acceptance of brokered certificates of deposit is not limited as long as the Bank ~~also has a secured line of credit~~is categorized as “well capitalized” under regulatory guidelines. At September 30, 2023, total available borrowing capacity from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve ~~Bank.~~

~~Item~~ 4.

~~Controls and Procedures~~.

Bank was $796.1 million.

ChoiceOne continues to review its liquidity management and has taken steps in an effort to ensure adequacy. These steps include limiting bond purchases in the first nine months of 2023, pledging securities to FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank in order to increase borrowing capacity and using alternative funding sources such as brokered deposits.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of ChoiceOne’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and ~~Principal~~Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of ChoiceOne’s disclosure controls and ~~procedures.~~procedures as of September 30, 2023. Based on and as of the time of that evaluation, ChoiceOne’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and ~~Principal~~Chief Financial Officer, concluded that ChoiceOne’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that material information required to be disclosed in the reports that ChoiceOne files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that ChoiceOne files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including ChoiceOne’s principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There was no change in ChoiceOne’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2023 that has materially affected, or that is reasonably likely to materially affect, ChoiceOne’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

~~Item~~ 1.

~~Legal Proceedings~~.

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

There are no material pending legal proceedings to which ChoiceOne or ~~the~~ChoiceOne Bank is a party or to which any of their properties are subject, except for proceedings that arose in the ordinary course of business. ~~In the belief of management, pending or current legal proceedings should not have a material effect on the consolidated financial condition of ChoiceOne.~~

~~Item~~ ~~1A.~~

~~Risk Factors~~.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Information concerning risk factors is contained in the discussion in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in ChoiceOne’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016. As~~2022.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of ~~the date~~Equity Securities and Use of ~~this report, ChoiceOne does not believe that there has been a material change~~Proceeds.

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities in the ~~nature or categories~~third quarter of ~~ChoiceOne’s risk factors, as compared to the information disclosed in ChoiceOne’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.~~2023.

~~Item~~ 2.

~~Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds~~.

On July 28, 2017, ChoiceOne issued 709 shares of common stock, without par value, to the directors of ChoiceOne pursuant to the Directors’ Stock Purchase Plan for an aggregate cash price of $16,000. ChoiceOne relied on the exemption contained in Section 4(a)(5) of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with these sales.

~~ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES~~

~~The following table provides information regarding ChoiceOne’s~~There were no issuer purchases of ~~its common stock~~equity securities during the third quarter ~~ended September 30, 2017.~~of 2023.

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Period Total Number
of Shares
Purchased Average
Price Paid
per Share Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of a
Publicly
Announced Plan Maximum Number of
Shares that
May Yet be
Purchased
Under the Plan

July 1 - July 31, 2017
Employee Transactions — $ —
Repurchase Plan — $ — — 24,224
August 1 - August 31, 2017
Employee Transactions (1) 200 $ 22.88
Repurchase Plan 3,800 $ 23.25 3,800 20,424
September 1 - September 30, 2017
Employee Transactions — $ —
Repurchase Plan — $ — — 20,424

~~(1)~~

Shares submitted for cancellation to satisfy tax withholding obligations that occur upon the vesting of restricted units. The value of the shares delivered or withheld is determined by the applicable stock compensation plan.

~~(2)~~

As of September 30, 2017, there are 20,424 shares remaining that may yet be purchased under approved plans. The repurchase plan was adopted and announced on July 26, 2007. There is no stated expiration date. The plan authorized the repurchase of up to 100,000 shares.

~~Item 6.~~

~~Exhibits~~.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this report:

	~~Exhibit~~ ~~Number~~		~~Document~~
Exhibit Number		Document
	~~3.1~~
~~Amended and~~ 3.1		Restated Articles of Incorporation of ~~ChoiceOne.~~ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc. Previously filed as an exhibit to ChoiceOne’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the year ended December 31, ~~2013.~~2022. Here incorporated by reference.

3.2	~~3.2~~		Bylaws of ~~ChoiceOne.~~ChoiceOne as currently in effect and any amendments thereto. Previously filed as an exhibit to ChoiceOne’s Form 8-K filed April 21, 2021. Here incorporated by reference.

4.1		Advances, Pledge and Security Agreement between ChoiceOne Bank and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis. Previously filed as an exhibit to ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2013. Here incorporated by reference.

4.2	~~31.1~~	Form of 3.25% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Note due September 3, 2031. Previously filed as an exhibit to ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.'s Form 8-K filed September 7, 2021. Here incorporated by reference.

4.3		Form of 3.25% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Global Subordinated Note due September 3, 2031. Previously filed as an exhibit to ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc.'s Form 8-K filed September 7, 2021. Here incorporated by reference.

31.1		Certification of ~~President and~~ Chief Executive ~~Officer.~~Officer

31.2	~~31.2~~		Certification of ~~Treasurer.~~Chief Financial Officer

32.1	~~32.1~~ ~~101.1~~		Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350.

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive Data ~~File.~~File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

~~SIGNATURES~~

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	CHOICEONE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.

Date: November 13, 2023	~~November 14, 2017~~	~~/s/~~ /s/ Kelly J. Potes
		Kelly J. Potes Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 13, 2023	~~November 14, 2017~~	/s/ ~~Thomas L. Lampen~~	Adom J. Greenland
		~~Thomas L. Lampen~~ Adom J. Greenland Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

		Securities maturing within:
(Dollars in thousands)		Less than 1 Year		1 Year - 5 Years		5 Years - 10 Years		More than 10 Years		Fair Value at September 30, 2017		Fair Value at Dec. 31, 2016

U.S. Government and federal agency	$	20,250	$	28,460	$	1,943	$	—	$	50,653	$	59,052
U.S. Treasury notes and bonds		—		4,015		—		—		4,015		4,072
State and municipal		8,362		47,395		36,016		3,822		95,595		88,973
Corporate		5,302		393		—		—		5,695		7,041
Foreign debt securities		1,000		3,440		—		—		4,440		4,400
Asset-backed securities		111		—		—		—		111		178
Total debt securities		35,025		83,703		37,959		3,822		160,509		163,716
Mortgage-backed securities		—		9,330		90		—		9,420		7,789
Equity securities (1)		—		—		1,000	��	2,377		3,377		2,883
Total	$	35,025	$	93,033	$	39,049	$	6,199	$	173,306	$	174,388

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Basic Earnings Per Share
Net income available to common shareholders	$	1,720	$	1,683	$	4,801	$	4,402

Weighted average common shares outstanding		3,452,278		3,439,633		3,448,341		3,455,141

Basic earnings per share	$	0.50	$	0.50	$	1.39	$	1.28

Diluted Earnings Per Share
Net income available to common shareholders	$	1,720	$	1,683	$	4,801	$	4,402

Weighted average common shares outstanding		3,452,278		3,439,633		3,448,341		3,455,141
Plus dilutive stock options and restricted stock units		6,370		4,146		4,744		4,380

Weighted average common shares outstanding and potentially dilutive shares		3,458,648		3,443,780		3,453,085		3,459,520

Diluted earnings per share	$	0.50	$	0.50	$	1.39	$	1.28

(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

September 30, 2017
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	12,725	$	12,725	$	12,725	$	—	$	—
Securities available for sale		173,306		173,306		1,877		157,886		13,543
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock		3,567		3,567		—		3,567		—
Loans held for sale		2,378		2,451		—		2,451		—
Loans to other financial institutions		13,293		13,699		—		—		13,699
Loans, net		389,874		391,408		—		—		391,408

Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits		136,542		136,542		—		136,542		—
Interest-bearing deposits		389,296		388,603		—		388,603		—
Federal funds purchased		2,650		2,650		—		2,650		—
Repurchase agreements		3,794		3,794		—		3,794		—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		30,276		30,298		—		30,298		—

December 31, 2016
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	14,809	$	14,809	$	14,809	$	—	$	—
Securities available for sale		174,388		174,388		1,383		157,902		15,103
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock		3,567		3,567		—		3,567		—
Loans held for sale		1,974		2,044		—		2,044		—
Loans, net		364,723		365,780		—		—		365,780

Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits		127,611		127,611		—		127,611		—
Interest-bearing deposits		384,775		383,879		—		383,879		—
Repurchase agreements		7,913		7,913		—		7,913		—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		12,301		12,323		—		12,323		—

(Dollars in thousands)	Balance at Dates Indicated		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

Impaired Loans
September 30, 2017	$	4,058	$	—	$	—	$	4,058
December 31, 2016	$	4,911	$	—	$	—	$	4,911

Other Real Estate
September 30, 2017	$	182	$	—	$	—	$	182
December 31, 2016	$	437	$	—	$	—	$	437

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2017 Over 2016
	Total			Volume			Rate
Increase (decrease) in interest income (1)
Loans (2)	$	864		$	981		$	(117	)
Taxable securities		204			131			73
Nontaxable securities (2)		(30	)		66			(96	)
Other		36			12			24
Net change in tax-equivalent interest income		1,074			1,190			(116	)

Increase (decrease) in interest expense (1)
Interest-bearing demand deposits		85			15			70
Savings deposits		(5	)		1			(6	)
Certificates of deposit		181			100			81
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank		50			(41	)		91
Other		3			(5	)		8
Net change in interest expense		314			69			245
Net change in tax-equivalent net interest income	$	760		$	1,121		$	(361	)

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis	$	1,149	$	1,983
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest payments		132		229
Loans considered troubled debt restructurings		2,637		2,853
Total	$	3,918	$	5,065

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plan

July 1 - July 31, 2017
Employee Transactions	—	$	—
Repurchase Plan	—	$	—	—	24,224
August 1 - August 31, 2017
Employee Transactions (1)	200	$	22.88
Repurchase Plan	3,800	$	23.25	3,800	20,424
September 1 - September 30, 2017
Employee Transactions	—	$	—
Repurchase Plan	—	$	—	—	20,424