UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended: March 31, 20222023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to _______ to _______ 

Commission File Number: 000-22333

Nanophase Technologies Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

1319 Marquette Drive, Romeoville, Illinois 60446

(Address of principal executive offices, and zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (630) 771-6708

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of May 16, 2022,12, 2023, there were 49,026,74149,576,704 shares outstanding of common stock, par value $.01, of the registrant. 

NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2022

INDEX

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited Consolidated Condensed)

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited Consolidated Condensed)

(in thousands except share and per share data)

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited Consolidated Condensed)

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited Consolidated Condensed)

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited Consolidated Condensed)

(in thousands, except share and per share data or as otherwise noted herein)

(1) Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed interim financial statements of Nanophase Technologies Corporation (“Nanophase”, “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of our financial position and operating results for the interim periods presented. All statements include the results from both Nanophase and our wholly-owned subsidiary, Solésence, LLC (“Solésence,” or our “Solésence® subsidiary”). Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022.2023.

These financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20212022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(2) Description of Business

Nanophase Technologies Corporation (“Nanophase,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) is a science-driven company which, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Solésence, LLC (our “Solésence beauty science subsidiary”), is focused in various beauty- and life-science markets. Using consumer health as our end-goal and science and innovation to guide the path, skin health and medical diagnostics combined currently make up the great majority of our business and drive our forward growth strategy. We offer engineered materials, formulation development and commercial manufacturing through an integrated family of technologies. Our expertise in materials engineering allows us to effectively coat and disperse particles on a nano and “non-nano” scale for use in a variety of skin health markets, including for use in sunscreens as active ingredients and as fully developed prestige skin care and cosmetics products, marketed and sold through our Solésence beauty science subsidiary. In terms of our life sciences focus, we have seen current conditions significantly increase demand decrease for our medical diagnostics ingredients, as testing for various viruses, most notably COVID-19, has become a critical use of our technology.ingredients. Additionally, we continue to sell products in legacy markets, including architectural coatings, industrial coating applications, abrasion-resistant additives, plastics additives, and surface finishing technologies (polishing) applications, all of which, along with medical diagnostics, fall into the advanced materials product category. 

We target markets, primarily related to skin health products and ingredients, as well as diagnostic life sciences ingredients where we believe our materials and products offer practical and competitive minerals-based solutions. We traditionally work closely with current customers in these target markets to identify their material and performance requirements. We market our materials to various end-use applications manufacturers, and our Solésence® products to cosmetics and skin care brands.

Recently developed technologies have made certain new products possible and opened potential new markets. During 2015 we were granted a patent on a new type of particle surface treatment (coating) — now called Active Stress Defense ™ Technology — which became the cornerstone of our new product development in personal care, with first revenue recognized during 2016. Active Stress Defense™ now refers to a suite of three proprietary technologies — Original Active Stress Defense™, Kleair™, and Bloom™ — all three of which either utilize a unique and proprietary, mineral-based technology or work synergistically with one of our unique and proprietary, mineral-based technologies to improve performance and/or aesthetics. Our ongoing innovation efforts include new IP in areas that advance environmental protection, align with market needs, and complement our existing technologies Through the creation of our Solésence beauty science subsidiary, we utilize our technology suite to manufacture and sell fully developed solutions to targeted customers in the skin care industry, typically in prestige skin care and cosmetics markets, in addition to the ingredients we have traditionally sold in the personal care area. 

Although our primary strategic focus has been the North American market, we currently sell materials to customers overseas and have been working to expand our reach within foreign markets. Our common stock trades on the OTCQB marketplace under the symbol NANX. 

While product sales comprise the majority of our revenue, we also recognize revenue from other sources from time to time. These activities are not expected to drive the long-term growth of the business. For this reason, we classify such revenue as “other revenue” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, as it does not represent revenue directly from the sale of our products. 

(3) Revenues

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods. When our ingredients and finished products are shipped, with control being transferred at the shipping point almost universally, is the point in time at which we recognize the related revenue.

We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses. Customers’ deposits, deferred revenue and other receipts are deferred and recognized when the revenue is realized and earned. Cash payments to customers are classified as reductions of revenue in our statements of operations.

Contract balances at March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021 are as follows:

The contract asset balance at March 31, 2022 consists of $50 of unbilled receivables and $179 of other contract assets reported within prepaid expenses and other current assets. The contract asset balance at December 31, 2021 consists of $179 of contract assets reported within prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Revenue recognized in the reporting period that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period was $1231,297 and $142123 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Other revenue may include revenue from technology license fees and paid development projects. Technology license fees and paid development projects are recognized over time when the obligations under the agreed upon contractual arrangements are performed on our part.  Other revenue recognized over time was $110121 and $22110 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and 2021, respectively.

(4) Earnings Per Share

Options to purchase approximately 1,164,000 shares of common stock that were outstanding as of March 31, 2023 were not included in the computation of earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as inclusion of these shares would have resulted in an anti-dilutive effect and were thus omitted from disclosure.  Options to purchase approximately 2,080,000 shares of common stock that were outstanding as of March 31, 2022 were included in the computation of earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2022.  Options to purchase approximately 1,590,000 shares of common stock that were outstanding as of March 31, 2021 were included in the computation of earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Earnings applicable to common stock and common stock shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:

(5) Financial Instruments

We follow ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The fair value framework requires the categorization of assets and liabilities into three levels based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price the assets or liabilities. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, whereas Level 3 generally requires significant management judgment.

Our financial instruments include cash, any cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, along with any short termshort-term and long-term borrowings as described in Note 6. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of their fair value due to the short-term nature. The fair value of short-term and long-term debt approximates carrying value based on comparison of terms to similar debt offering in the marketplace.

There were 0no financial instruments adjusted to fair value on March 31, 2022 and2023, or December 31, 2021.2022.

(6) Notes and Lines of Credit

 Notes and lines of credit consist of the following:

Related party interest summary:

On January 28, 2022 the Company entered into the A&R Loan Agreement and a new revolving loan agreement (“Inventory Facility”) with Beachcorp, LLC, and a new promissory note in order to evidence the Inventory Facility. The maximum borrowing amount under the Inventory Facility is $4,000, with a borrowing base consisting of up to 50% of the value of qualified inventory of the Company. The interest rate for the Inventory Revolver is at the prime rate plus 0.75%, and it matures on March 31, 2024. The Company is finalizing the documentation for this loan and, as such, has yet to draw any funds from it.

Beachcorp, LLC and Strandler, LLC are affiliates of Mr. Bradford T. Whitmore, who beneficially owns a majority of the Company’s common stock and is the brother of Ms. R. Janet Whitmore, a director of the Company and the chair of the Company’s board of directors. The A/R Revolver Facility, the Inventory Facility and the New Term Loan are all secured by all the unencumbered assets of the Company and subordinated to the Company’s credit facility with Libertyville Bank & Trust. 

Since July 2014, we have maintained a bank-issued letter of credit for up to $30 in borrowings to support our obligations under our Romeoville, Illinois facility lease agreement. No borrowings have been incurred under this promissory note.

On December 21, 2021, Libertyville issued a letter of credit for up to $500 in borrowings to support our obligations under our newly leased manufacturing and warehouse space in Bolingbrook, Illinois. For both letters of credit, interest on drawn balances will be at the prime rate plus 1%. We expect to renew these agreements annually, as the respective leases require. These letters of credit are secured by all the unencumbered assets ofMay 1, 2023 the Company and have superior collateral rights to those credit facilitiesentered into another promissory note (the “Non-Revolving Note - TI Agreement”) with Beachcorp, LLC and Strandler, LLC. Because there were no amounts outstandingin the amount of $1,750,000 with an interest rate of the prime rate plus 0.75%. The note matures on either letterSeptember 30, 2023. This loan is for work being done at the Bolingbrook facility which is expected to be reimbursed from the landlord as part of credit at any time during 2022 or 2021, we have recorded no related liability on our balance sheet.the lease agreement.

Related party interest summary:

(7) Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company applied a $500 reserve against reported inventory to account for excess and obsolete inventory.

(8) LeasesLease Commitments

The Company’s operating lease portfolio is comprised of operating leases for office, warehouse space and equipment. Certain of the Company’s leases include one or more options to renew or terminate the lease at the Company’s discretion. The Company regularly evaluates the renewal and termination options and when they are reasonably certain of exercise, includes the renewal or termination option in our lease term. During the first seven months of the termSince inception of our newlynewest leased building, we have subleased a portion of the unused floorspace on a temporary basis. This sublease may convert to a month-to-month lease upon expiration.

As of March 31, 2022,2023, the ROU asset had a balance of $11,7188,714, which is included in the “Operating lease right-of-use assets” line item of these consolidated financial statements and current and non-current lease liabilities related to the ROU asset of $8900 and $11,3899,751, respectively. The $0 in current lease liability stems from expected payments from the lessor of the Bolingbrook facility reimbursing the Company for tenant improvement allowances in the amount of $1,716 over the next twelve months. Because the expected cash payments over the next twelve months resulted in an amount exceeding a current liability, the current operating lease liability line item on the balance sheet reported $0, with the balance exceeding the current liability netted against the noncurrent portion for a total operating lease liability at March 31, 2023 of $9,751. As a result, the total lease liability was reduced by the expected payment, the net effect of reimbursements received, and cash paid for leases over the next twelve months resulting in net lease payments of $347. As of December 31, 2021,2022, the ROU asset had a balance of $12,0758,978 which is included in the “Operating lease right-of-use assets” line item of these consolidated financial statements. The Company has reclassified a portion of the current ROU liability to non-current as of December 31, 2021, to be consistent with the classifications adopted for the quarter ended March 31, 2022. This reclassification resulted instatements and current and non-current lease liabilities related to the ROU asset of $589 0and $11,7009,823, respectively, asrespectively. The $0 in current lease liability stems from expected payments from the lessor of December 31, 2021.  These amounts are includedthe Bolingbrook facility reimbursing the Company for tenant improvement allowances in the “Current portionamount of operating$1,957 over the next twelve months. As a result, the total lease obligations”liability was reduced by the expected payment, the net effect of reimbursements received, and “Long-term portioncash paid for leases over the next twelve months, resulting in net lease payments of operating lease obligations” line items of these consolidated financial statements. The discount$97.

Discount rates used for leases accounted for under ASC 842 are based on an interest rate yield curve developed for the leases in the Company’s portfolio.

The office leases contain variable lease payments which consist primarily of rent escalations based on an established index or rate and taxes, insurance, and common area or other maintenance costs, which are paid based on actual costs incurred by the lessor. Additionally,The Company has elected to utilize the Company subleases space within its Bolingbrook, IL facilityavailable practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components for which the term ends June 30, 2022. As of the date of filing the tenant has neither renewed the sublease nor expressed an intent to do so.building leases. 

Quantitative information regarding the Company’s leases is as follows:

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 2021:2022:

The future maturities of the Company’s finance and operating leases as of March 31, 2022 are as follows:

The future maturities of the Company’s finance and operating leases as of March 31, 2021 were2023 are as follows:

(9) Share-BasedStock-Based Compensation

We follow ASC Topic 718, Share-BasedStock-Based Payments, in which compensation expense is recognized only for share-basedstock-based payments expected to vest.

The following table summarizes the option activity for our employees and directors during the three months ended March 31, 2022:2023:

Schedule of option activity

(10) Significant Customers and Contingencies

OurThe portion of total revenue from our significant customers are as follows for the periods ending March 31, 2022,2023, and 2021:2022:

Accounts receivable balances for these fivefour customers were approximately:

We currently have exclusive supply agreements with BASF Corporation (“BASF”), our largest customer, that have contingencies outlined which could potentially result in the license of technology and/or the sale of production equipment from the Company to the customer intended to provide capacity sufficient to meet the customer’s production needs. This outcome may occur if we fail to meet certain performance requirements. Our supply agreements with BASF also “trigger” a technology transfer right in the event of our insolvency, as further defined within the agreements. In the event of an equipment sale, upon incurring a triggering event, the equipment would be sold to the customer at either 115% of the equipment’s net book value or the greater of 30% of the original book value of such equipment, and any associated upgrades to it, or 115% of the equipment’s net book value, depending on the equipment and related products.

If a triggering event were to occur and BASF elected to proceed with the license and related equipment sale mentioned above, we would receive royalty payments from this customer for products sold using our technology; however, we would lose both significant revenue and the ability to generate significant revenue to replace that which was lost in the near term. Replacement of necessary equipment that could be purchased and removed by the customer pursuant to this triggering event could take in excess of twelve months. Any additional capital outlays required to rebuild capacity would probably be greater than the proceeds from the purchase of the assets as dictated by our agreement with the customer. Similar consequences would occur if we were determined to have materially breached certain other provisions of the supply agreement with BASF. Any such event would also likely result in the loss of many of our key staff and line employees due to economic realities. We believe that our employees are a critical component of our success, and it could be difficult to replace them quickly. Given the occurrence of any such event, we might not be able to hire and retain skilled employees given the stigma relating to such an event and its impact on us.

(11) Business Segmentation and Geographical Distribution

Revenue from international sources approximated $551,435 and $1,285 55for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Our operations comprise a single business segment and all of our long-lived assets are located within the United States. We categorize our revenue stream into three main product categories, Personal Care Ingredients, Advanced Materials and Solésence. The revenues, by category, for the three months ended March 31, 20222023 and 20212022 are as follows:

On August 9, 2022, BASF filed a complaint against Nanophase in New Jersey state court (the “New Jersey Complaint”), alleging that Nanophase had breached the 1999 Zinc Oxide Supply Agreement (the “Agreement”). BASF alleges several issues, the one having the biggest potential impact on Nanophase being a claim that our sales through Solésence violate the exclusivity provision of the Agreement. BASF seeks an unspecified amount of damages, a permanent injunction enjoining sales to any party (other than BASF) of a broad range of zinc oxide products that BASF contends are within the scope of the exclusivity provision, counsel fees and litigation expenses. On September 7, 2022, Nanophase filed a Complaint for Declaratory Judgement in Illinois state court (the “Illinois Complaint”), asking for a declaration that contrary to BASF’s allegation, the exclusivity provision of the Agreement does not apply to all products containing zinc oxide as an ingredient for uses designated under the Agreement, nor does the exclusivity provision prohibit Nanophase’s sales of Solésence products containing zinc oxide as an ingredient. Both companies filed Motions to Dismiss (MTD) the other’s respective complaint. Nanophase’s MTD BASF’s New Jersey Complaint was denied on procedural grounds on February 10, 2023, with the New Jersey court superficially noting that it did not consider whether BASF could prove its claims. On February 28, 2023, Nanophase filed its answer to BASF’s New Jersey Complaint, denying all wrongdoing and, as mandated by New Jersey procedural requirements, counterclaims including a request for a declaration similar to that Nanophase sought in its Illinois Complaint. On March 16, 2023, the Illinois court granted BASF’s MTD Nanophase’s Illinois Complaint, finding it duplicative of the New Jersey litigation. Discovery in that litigation is ongoing. Management believes at this time that the allegations of BASF’s complaint are without merit and are unsupported by the terms of the Agreement and governing law. Per ASC 450 for the period ending March 31, 2023, an estimated contingent loss was not recorded, and an estimated range of loss is not disclosed as the outcome is not probable at this time and nor is a range of loss estimable.

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” which updates the manner in which entities assess expected losses from financial instruments exposed to credit risk. While this update has a greater impact on issuers with loans, notes, and credit card receivables, the scope of Topic 326 extends to both financial assets measured at amortized cost as well as available-for-sale debt securities. As such, trade receivables are subject to the Topic’s provisions, requiring entities to consider past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts in determining the amount of expected loss over the life of the respective financial instrument. Nanophase uses the loss-rate method in developing its allowance for credit losses, which involves identifying pools of assets with similar risk characteristics, reviewing historical losses within the last three years, and consideration of reasonable and supportable forecasts. Changes in estimates, developing trends, and other new information can have a material impact on future evaluations.

This differs from prior allocation methodologies in that in addition to solely considering an aging schedule for amounts to reserve, management must now also consider current events as well as the future macroeconomic environment when making such loss assessments. On January 1, 2023, the Company applied the accounting change retrospectively with an opening adjustment to retained earnings in the amount of $203.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Nanophase is a health-oriented, science-driven company, which, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Solésence, LLC (our “Solésence beauty science subsidiary”), is focused inon various beauty- and life-science markets. Our primary skin health products are fully developed prestige skin care formulations with mineral-based UV protection, marketed and sold through our Solésence beauty science subsidiary, enabled by our proprietary Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (“APIs”) which are also marketed as APIs for sale to manufacturers of other types of skin health products, including sunscreens and daily care products. In terms of the balance of our life sciences focus, we have seen current conditions significantly increasedecreased demand for our medical diagnostics ingredients, which are used in testing for various viruses, most notably COVID-19. Additionally, we continue to sell products in legacy markets including architectural coatings, industrial coating applications, abrasion-resistant additives, plastics additives, and surface finishing technologies (polishing) applications— all of which, along with medical diagnostics, currently fall into the advanced materials product category. 

Leveraging a platform of integrated patented and proprietary technologies, we create products with unique performance to enhance end-consumers’ health and well-being. We offer soup-to-nuts production, from engineered materials, formulation development, and finished product development, to commercial manufacturing and packaging capabilities. Our expertise in materials engineering allows us to effectively coat and disperse materials on a nano and “non-nano” scale for use in a variety of markets in skin health, including for use in sunscreens as APIs and as fully developed prestige skin care products, marketed and sold through our Solésence beauty science subsidiary. We believe that we have developed technological advantages with respect to our APIs sold for use as ingredients, while our Solésence beauty science technologies lead to enhanced efficacy and aesthetics in our finished products, which have received broad acceptance in the marketplace. Due to the enhanced efficacy and aesthetic qualities offered by our proprietary technology platform, Solésence finished products satisfy growing consumer demands around “clean” and inclusive beauty. Solésence beauty science also benefits from the Company’s vertical integration with each product’s key active ingredient that delivers its point-of-difference. This vertical integration helps us to improve efficiency and avoid potential major supply chain challenges while also addressing ongoing sustainability efforts. 

Given the Russian invasion of Ukraine, we do not anticipate any directly related supply disruptions as we do not knowingly source any materials directly from either country.

We have seen recent conditions significantly increase demand for our medical diagnostics materials. Polymerase Chain Reaction (“PCR”) testing for various viruses, most notably SARS-CoV-2 (“COVID-19”), has become a critical use of our technology in the life science space. While we saw reduced demand for these materials in 2021, it is difficult to predict whether the increased demand forThrough our medical diagnosticdiagnostics materials, used inwe have been able to support efforts to curb the COVID-19 testing will expand from 2021 levels over the next few years. Our expectation is that we may establish a new sales volume “floor” over the next few years as we continue through the unprecedented period of testing utilization and awareness of the way viruses impact all of us.pandemic. We believe that our deep expertise in materials science has created advantages that enable performance in certain tests that may not be achievable through other materials. Outside of life science, we continue to sell advanced materials for use in legacy applications, all of which, along with medical diagnostics, currently fall into the advanced materials product category. 

Given our technological position, in addition to the historical market acceptance of our APIs for use in skin health products and sunscreens, rapidly growing sales for our suite of Solésence® finished products, and the expanded use of our diagnostic materials in aiding the fight to curb the spread of COVID-19 and other viruses, in 2021 we announced that we reoriented our Company strategy. We continue to see unprecedented demand in both beauty science, for our APIs and finished products, and life science areas. The markets for both have shown an appetite for what we are producing, and management believes that this growth is happening now due to a confluence of our technology, market conditions that favor what we produce, and our expanded expertise in these areas.  

Nanophase, andprimarily through Solésence, is now partners with brands to develop, manufacture, and market products and ingredients that enhance lives through healthy skin. We are focusing our combined business-, ingredient-, and product-development capabilities on products with unique performance that enhance consumers’ wellbeing through beauty science and life science applications — in skin health and medical diagnostics, respectively.this area. While we will continue to produce and sell materials to our other advanced materials customers, it is not our strategic focus. We may develop additional technologies or find unique applications outside of our core markets in the future, but to maximize the use of our resources today, we plan on expanding efforts in areas where we have proven we can deliver innovation and growth.

Results of Operations

Total revenue increased to $8,156$9,457 for the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, compared to $7,072$8,156 for the same period in 2021.2022. A substantial majority of our revenue was from our four- and fivefour largest customers for the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, and 2021,2022, respectively. This reflects sales of APIs to our largest customer in skin care and sunscreen applications, our three largest customers for our finished skin health products marketed through our Solésence subsidiary, and, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, a medical diagnostics customer. This is the revenue breakdown, as a percentage of total revenue, from the fivefour customers referenced:referenced above:

Product revenue, the primary component of our total revenue, increased to $8,046$9,336 for the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, compared to $7,050$8,046 during the same period of 2021.2022. This increase was due to continued growth in the adoption of our Solésence® products, along with an increase in API sales to our largest customer in our personal care ingredients business. We saw a significant three-month decrease in our medical diagnostics materials.  

Other revenue increased to $110$121 for the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, compared to $22$110 for 2021.2022. Other revenue is typically comprised primarily of developmental or licensing fees. 

Cost of revenue generally includes costs associated with commercial production and customer development arrangements.  Cost of revenue increased to $5,988$7,308 for the three months ended three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, compared to $5,042$5,988 for the same period in 2021.2022.  The increase in cost of revenue was primarily driven by increased volume and price inflation on materials and manufacturing inefficiencies related to Solésence® product launches. Additionally, during the second half of 2021, we added personnel in the supply chain function and incurred costs to rent temporary warehouse space. While we typically pass-through costs to our customers, we sometimes cannot pass through 100% of pricing increases on raw materials, and even with pass throughs, our gross margin percentage is negatively impacted by higher material costs.

Our business has a certain cyclicality of demand, often based upon seasonal demands, industry launch cycles, or a confluence of both. Our lack of burst capacity has created strains, in terms of people and costs, when new product launches occur at the same time that we are experiencing demand from previously launched products. Since late 2020, the Company has found itself in a situation where our ability to produce and ship materials has been exceeded by customer demand. It is a key area of focus to increase throughput first, followed quickly by increased cost efficiency once we can achieve greater scale. Our planning has had us adding to our current fixed manufacturing cost structure inthrough early 20222023 to accommodate additional growth, and to build a better base for further growth beyond that level. The extent to which margins grow, as a percentage of total revenue, will be dependent upon revenue mix, revenue volume, our ability to cut costs and pass commodity market-driven raw materials increases on to customers, and the speed and efficiency with which we are able to scale up production for our Solésence products. We expect that, as product revenue volume increases, our fixed manufacturing costs will be more efficiently absorbed, which should lead to increased margins as we grow. While additional production capacity is our most critical operational issue today, we expect to continue to focus on reducing controllable variable product manufacturing costs, with potential variability related to the commodity metals markets, but may or may not realize significant percentage growth in our gross margins through 2022,the first half of 2023, depending upon the factors discussed above.

Research and development expense, which includes all expenses relating to the technology and advanced engineering groups, primarily consists of costs associated with the development or acquisition of new finished product formulations for skin care, new product applications for our skin care ingredients, advancement of our medical diagnostics ingredient knowledge, and the cost of enhancing our manufacturing processes. As an example, we are currently focusing the bulk of our resources on developing new product formulations, and related new technologies, as we expand marketing and sales efforts relating to our Solésence products. This work has led to several new products and additional potential new products. Our efforts in research and development, cosmetic formulating, process engineering and advanced engineering groups are focused in three major areas: 1) application development for our products; 2) creating or obtaining additional core materials technologies and/or materials that have the capability to serve multiple skin health-related markets; and 3) continuing to improve our core technologies to improve manufacturing operations and reduce costs.

Research and development expense increased to $666$1,003 for the three months ended three months March 31, 2022,2023, compared to $499$666 for the same period in 2021.2022. Most of this increase was due to expanded staffing to aid in supporting new product development for current and future customers. Management expects research and development expense to increase at a slower rate during the balance of 20222023 to support continued revenue- and customer-expansion.

Selling, general and administrative expense increased to $1,397$2,150 for the three months ended March 31, 2022,2023, compared to $1,034$1,397 for the same period in 2021.  We have added2022.  The increase is due in large part to our Sales, Marketing,increased legal costs in 2023 compared to 2022 and Business Development team during 2021, and during the first quarter ofincreased employee related costs when compared to 2022. This was done to ready the Company to support expanded, and expected expanding, sales with a higher degree of customer service. We have also augmented our sales operations function, marketing, and new business development to stimulate additional growth. Additionally, compensation expense has also increased generally, beginning in the second half of 2021 through the current period due to wage inflation. We expect this trend to moderate to an extent in 2022.

Inflation

We believe inflation has not had a material effectan incremental impact on our costs of operations orand financial position to date. However, supplier price increases and wage and benefit inflation, both of which represent a significant component of our costs of operations, will likelycould have a material effect on our operations and financial position in 2022 and beyond2023 if we are unable to pass through any applicable increases under our present contracts or through to our markets in general. We are in the process of adjustinghave begun to increase pricing where possible and continue to adjust our pricing to the extent supported by the markets we are in, and under the contractsany contract limitations we may have.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash, cash proceeds and use of cash for the three months ended March 2023 and 2022, 2021, and year ended December 31, 20212022 were:

The net cash used during the three months ended March 31, 20222023 was primarily a due to net loss for the expansion of inventories. Management continues to follow a strategy in 2022 to ameliorate supply chain risk to a degree by ordering raw materials and components further in advance than we typically have in the lessen the impact of delays and shortages brought on by competition for limited resources as the global economy responds both to additional demand and shipping difficulties created by several factors, including a shortage of labor in the United States. It is our expectation that this will not continue indefinitely, and that our cash position will benefit when a more “normal” supply chain situation returns.quarter. Net cash used in investing activities was attributable to expenditures on capital equipment for all periods presented above.

On January 28, 2022, the Company and Beachcorp, LLC, and Strandler, LLC entered in to an Amended and Restated Master Agreement (“Agreement”). Both entities are managed by Bradford T. Whitmore, who is a significant shareholder in Nanophase and, as such, these loans are classified as related party transactions. Under this Agreement, and amendedThe Company’s loan agreements governed by this Agreement, the Company now has a $1,000 term loan with Strandler, LLC which was fully drawn in January 2022, with the proceeds usedand Beachcorp. LLC currently are set to retire the previously existing $1,000 term loan with Beachcorp. The new term loan expiresexpire on March 31, 2024, and has2024. If we are unable to refinance or extend the maturity dates, it would have a fixed interest rate of 4.00%, representingsignificant impact on the Prime rate plus 0.75% asability of the new Agreement date. Under this Agreement, the Company amended its existing accounts receivable-based revolving loan (“A/R Revolver”) to carrycontinue as a floating interest rate of Prime plus 0.75%, with an increased borrowing cap of $8,000, and an expiration of March 31, 2024. The Company drew funds from the A/R Facility in January of 2022. Further under this Agreement, the Company entered into an additional revolving loan agreement based on the Company’s inventory balances (the “Inventory Facility”). No funds were drawn on this facility prior to March 31, 2022. The Company will have access of up to $4,000 of additional funding, borrowed at a floating rate of Prime plus 0.75%, with a March 31, 2024 expiration. These loans are more fully described in Note 6 to our Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.   going concern.  

Our actual future capital requirements in 20222023 and beyond will depend on many factors, including customer acceptance of our current and potential finished Solésence  products, APIs sold as ingredients in to the skin health markets, medical diagnostics ingredients, and other engineered materials, applications, and products, continued progress in research and development activities and product testing programs, the magnitude of these activities and programs, and the costs necessary to increase and expand our manufacturing capabilities and to market and sell these products and ingredients. Other important issues that will drive future capital requirements will be the development of new markets and new customers as well as the potential for significant unplanned growth with existing customers. Depending on the success of certain projects, and conditions within the markets supplying labor and materials for capital equipment, we expect that capital spending relating to currently known capital needs for 20222023 will be between $3.5$3 million and $7$6 million, to be funded by profit from operations, our existing loans and lines of credit, and possible new debt financing. If those projects are delayed or ultimately prove unsuccessful, or if we fail to be able to support the additional cost of funding them in the near term, we expect our capital expenditures may fall below the lower end of the range. Similarly, substantial success in business development projects may cause the actual 20222023 capital investment to exceed the top of this range.

Additional Consideration

We have federal net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes of approximately $62$56 million on December 31, 2021.2022. Because the Company may experience “ownership changes” within the meaning of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) in connection with any future equity offerings, future utilization of this carryforward may be subject to certain limitations as defined by the IRC. If not utilized, $57$51 million of this loss carryforward will expire between 20222023 and 2037. Given changes to the IRC, net operating loss carryforwards generated after January 1, 2018 do not expire, therefore, $5 million in net operating losses generated since January 1, 2018 do not expire. We have Illinois net loss deduction carryforwards for tax purposes of approximately $21 million on December 31, 2021.2022. Due to the provisions of Illinois Public Act 102-0669 signed November 16, 2021, Illinois net loss deductions expire between 2029 and 2039.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not created, and are not party to, any special-purpose or off-balance sheet entities for the purposes of raising capital, incurring debt or operating our business. We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or relationships with entities that are not consolidated into our financial statements that are reasonably likely to materially affect our liquidity or the availability of capital resources.

Safe Harbor Provision

We want to provide investors with more meaningful and useful information. As a result, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Form 10-Q”) contains and incorporates by reference certain “forward-looking statements”, as defined in Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements reflect our current expectations of the future results of our operations, performance, and achievements. Forward-looking statements are covered under the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We have tried, wherever possible, to identify these statements by using words such as “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “expects”, “plans”, “intends” and similar expressions. These statements reflect management’s current beliefs and are based on information now available to it. Accordingly, these statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and contingencies that could cause our actual results, performance, or achievements in 20222023 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, such statements. These risks, uncertainties and factors include, without limitation: our ability to be consistently profitable despite the losses we have incurred since our incorporation; a decision by a customer to cancel a purchase order or supply agreement in light of our dependence on a limited number of key customers; the terms of our supply agreements with BASF which could trigger a requirement to transfer technology and/or sell equipment to that customer; our potential inability to obtain working capital when needed on acceptable terms or at all; our ability to obtain materials at costs we can pass through to our customers, including Rare Earth elements, specifically cerium oxide, as well as high purity zinc; uncertain demand for, and acceptance of, our Solésence products, and our advanced materials; our manufacturing capacity and product mix flexibility in light of customer demand; our limited marketing experience, including with our suite of Solésence products; changes in development and distribution relationships; the impact of competitive products and technologies; our dependence on patents and protection of proprietary information; our ability to maintain an appropriate electronic trading venue for our securities; the impact of any potential new governmental regulations, especially any new governmental regulations focusing on the processing, handling, storage or sale of nanomaterials, that could be difficult to respond to or costly to comply with; business interruptions due to unexpected events or public health crises, including viral pandemics such as COVID-19; and the resolution of litigation or other legal proceedings in which we may become involved. In addition, our forward-looking statements could be affected by general industry and market conditions and growth rates. Readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Except as required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to reflect new events or uncertainties.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not required for a smaller reporting company.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls

We are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed by us under the Exchange Act is: (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and (b) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. It should be noted that in designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and that our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment regarding the design of our disclosure controls and procedures. As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision (and with the participation) of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Operating Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer (which roles are currently filled by the same person), and Chief Operating Officer have concluded that as a resultour disclosure controls and procedures were effective at reaching that level of the material weakness, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Disclosure Controls were not effective. Management identified a material weakness in the way the Company tracked and accounted for its inventory at December 31, 2021, as disclosed in our 10-K, filed on March 31, 2022. Controls were not effectively designed, documented, and maintained to verify that the existence of all inventories subject to physical inventory counts were correctly counted, and our process for compiling and communicating inventory data to ensure accurate reporting in our financial statements was not effective, including inadequate verification for completeness and accuracy of key reports used to review and monitor inventory balances. A consequence of this was that the process of conducting a full physical inventory required an inordinate amount of time to establish an accurate valuation. We are still in the process of remediating this control issue. Notwithstanding such material weakness in internal control over inventory, our management concluded that our consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of the dates, and for the periods presented, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”).reasonable assurance.

Internal control over financial reporting

The Company’s management, including the CEO (who is also currently acting as both the Company’s principal executive officer and the Company’s principal financial officer), confirm that there was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

WeOn August 31, 2022, counsel for Nanophase Technologies Corporation (“Nanophase”) received a letter from lawyers representing BASF Corporation (“BASF”) stating that BASF had filed a complaint against Nanophase in the Superior Court of New Jersey (“SCNJ”) on August 9, 2022 (the “New Jersey Complaint”) and that Nanophase’s registered agent for service of process had been served with the New Jersey Complaint on August 11, 2022. The August 31, 2022 letter from BASF’s lawyers was Nanophase’s first notice of the New Jersey Complaint.

The New Jersey Complaint claims that Nanophase breached the Zinc Oxide Supply Agreement dated as of September 16, 1999 between Nanophase and BASF, as assignee, as amended through January 1, 2019 (the “Agreement”). The New Jersey Complaint specifically alleges that Nanophase breached the exclusivity provision of the Agreement by selling zinc oxide to entities other than BASF, including sales to Nanophase’s subsidiary Solésence, LLC (“Solésence”), in markets designated as being in the field of use (the “Field”) under the Agreement. The New Jersey Complaint also relatedly alleges that Nanophase breached the capacity and inventory provisions of the Agreement. In addition, the New Jersey Complaint alleges claims for unjust enrichment and violation of the duty of good faith and fair dealing. The New Jersey Complaint seeks an unspecified amount of damages, a permanent injunction, counsel fees, and litigation expenses. The New Jersey Complaint is not seeking termination of the Agreement.

Management believes that the allegations of BASF’s New Jersey Complaint are without merit and are unsupported by the terms of the Agreement and governing law. On September 8, 2022, Nanophase filed a Motion to Dismiss (“MTD”) the New Jersey Complaint with the SCNJ, arguing that BASF’s claims in its New Jersey Complaint are not supported by the terms of the Agreement. Following completion of briefing and a partyhearing on the MTD, the SCNJ denied Nanophase’s MTD on February 10, 2023, finding that under the “liberality” standards of New Jersey procedure, the allegations of BASF’s complaint were “sufficient to any pending legal proceedings or claimssurvive” the MTD. The SCNJ specifically noted that it did not consider whether BASF could prove its claims. Thereafter, on February 28, 2023, Nanophase answered BASF’s New Jersey Complaint, denying all wrongdoing and, as mandated by New Jersey procedural requirements, certain counterclaims including a request for a declaration that contrary to BASF’s views, the exclusivity provision of the Agreement does not apply to all products containing zinc oxide as an ingredient for uses designated under the Agreement nor does the exclusivity provision prohibit Nanophase’s sales of Solésence products containing zinc oxide as an ingredient. On September 7, 2022, Nanophase filed a Complaint for Declaratory Judgment against BASF in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois (the “Illinois Complaint”). The Illinois Complaint asked the court for a declaration similar to that subsequently sought in Nansphase’s counterclaim in the New Jersey litigation. On November 3, 2022, BASF moved to dismiss Nanophase’s Illinois Complaint, arguing that it duplicates the New Jersey litigation. Following briefing and a hearing, the Illinois court granted BASF’s motion on procedural grounds on March 16, 2023. Discovery in the New Jersey litigation is ongoing.

Given our view, we believe will resulthave decided that it is not appropriate to record a contingent liability relating to these actions at this time.

Nanophase intends to continue negotiating with BASF in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results. good faith to resolve these issues. In the event that an acceptable solution is not reached, and litigation proceeds, the ultimate resolution cannot now be determined with certainty.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Not required for a smaller reporting company.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.     

Item 5. Other Information

None.  

Item 6. Exhibits

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.