UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
___________________________
FORM 10-Q
þ☑QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 20182019
OR
¨☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission File No. 001-35674
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
20-8050955
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
Commission File No. 333-148153
REALOGY GROUP LLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
20-4381990
| | | | | |
| Commission File No. 001-35674 | Commission File No. 333-148153 |
| REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. | REALOGY GROUP LLC |
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |
| 20-8050955 | 20-4381990 |
| (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
175 Park Avenue
Madison, NJ 07940
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(973) 407-2000
(Registrants' telephone number, including area code)
___________________________
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | | | | | |
| Title of each class | | Trading Symbol(s) | | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Realogy Holdings Corp. | Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | | RLGY | | New York Stock Exchange |
| Realogy Group LLC | None | | None | | None |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Realogy Holdings Corp. Yes þ☑ No ¨☐Realogy Group LLC Yes ¨☐ No þ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrants have submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrants were required to submit such files).
Realogy Holdings Corp. Yes þ☑ No ¨☐Realogy Group LLC Yes þ☑ No ¨☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrants are large accelerated filers, accelerated filers, non-accelerated filers, smaller reporting companies, or emerging growth companies. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Large accelerated filer | | Accelerated filer | | Non-accelerated filer
| | Smaller reporting company | | Emerging growth company |
| Realogy Holdings Corp. | þ☑ | | ¨☐ | | ¨☐ | | ¨☐ | | ¨☐ |
| Realogy Group LLC | ¨☐ | | ¨☐ | | þ☑ | | ¨☐ | | ¨☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrants are a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Realogy Holdings Corp. Yes ¨☐ No þ☑Realogy Group LLC Yes ¨☐ No þ☑
There were 118,155,158114,340,545 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of Realogy Holdings Corp. outstanding as of October 31, 2018.November 5, 2019.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| PART I | PageFINANCIAL INFORMATION | |
| Item 1. | | |
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PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |
Item 1. | | |
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| Item 2. | | |
| Item 3. | | |
| Item 4. | | |
| PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | | |
| Item 1. | | |
Item 1.1A. | | |
Item 1A.2. | | |
Item 2. | | |
Item 5.6. | | |
Item 6. | | |
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INTRODUCTORY NOTE
Except as otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "we," "us," "our," "our company," "Realogy," "Realogy Holdings" and the "Company" refer to Realogy Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Realogy Intermediate Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Realogy Intermediate"), and Realogy Group LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Realogy Group"). Neither Realogy Holdings, the indirect parent of Realogy Group, nor Realogy Intermediate, the direct parent company of Realogy Group, conducts any operations other than with respect to its respective direct or indirect ownership of Realogy Group. As a result, the consolidated financial positions, results of operations and cash flows of Realogy Holdings, Realogy Intermediate and Realogy Group are the same.
Realogy Holdings is not a party to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of March 5, 2013, as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time (the "Senior Secured Credit Agreement") that governs our senior secured credit facility (the "Senior Secured Credit Facility", which includes our "Revolving Credit Facility" and our "Term Loan B") and the Term Loan A Agreement dated as of October 23, 2015, as amended from time to time (the "Term Loan A Agreement") that governs our senior secured term loan A credit facility (the "Term Loan A Facility") and certain references in this report to our consolidated indebtedness exclude Realogy Holdings with respect to indebtedness under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility. In addition, while Realogy Holdings is a guarantor of Realogy Group's obligations under its unsecured notes, Realogy Holdings is not subject to the restrictive covenants in the indentures governing such indebtedness.
As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms "4.50%"5.25% Senior Notes," "5.25%Notes", "4.875% Senior Notes" and "4.875%"9.375% Senior Notes" refer to our 4.50% Senior Notes due 2019, our 5.25% Senior Notes due 2021, and our 4.875% Senior Notes due 2023, and our 9.375% Senior Notes due 2027, respectively, and are referred to collectively as the "Unsecured Notes." The term "4.50% Senior Notes" refers to our 4.50% Senior Notes due 2019 (paid in full in February 2019).
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). Forward-looking statements include all statements that do not relate solely to historical or current facts, and can generally be identified by the use of words such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "project," "estimate," "plan," and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as "will," "should," "would," "may" and "could" are generally forward-looking in nature and not historical facts.
In particular, information appearing under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" includes forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements inherently involve many risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in these statements. Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, it is based on management's current plans and expectations, expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis. However, we can give no assurance that any such expectation or belief will result or will be achieved or accomplished.
The following include some, but not all, of the factors that could affect our future results and cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements:
•adverse developments or the absence of sustained improvement in general business, economic andor political conditions or the U.S. residential real estate markets, either regionally or nationally, including but not limited to:
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◦ | a decline or a lack of improvement in the number of homesales; |
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◦ | stagnant or declining home prices or a reduction in the affordability of housing; |
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◦ | increasing mortgage rates and/or constraints on the availability of mortgage financing; |
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◦ | insufficient or excessive home inventory levels by market and price point; |
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◦ | a lack of improvement or deceleration in the building of new housing and/or irregular timing or volume of new development closings; |
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◦ | ◦a decline or a lack of improvement in the number of homesales; ◦stagnant or declining home prices; ◦a reduction in the affordability of housing; ◦increasing mortgage rates and/or constraints on the availability of mortgage financing; ◦insufficient or excessive home inventory levels by market and price point; ◦a lack of improvement or deceleration in the building of new housing and/or irregular timing or volume of new development closings; ◦the potential negative impact of certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) on (i) home values over time in states with high property, sales and state and local income taxes and (ii) homeownership rates; and/or ◦the impact of recessions, slow economic growth, or a deterioration in other economic factors that particularly impact the residential real estate market and the business segments in which we operate whether broadly or by geography and price segments; •the impact of certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) (i) on home values over time in states with high property, sales and state and local income taxes and (ii) on homeownership rates; and/or |
| |
◦ | a deterioration in other economic factors that particularly impact the residential real estate market and the business segments in which we operate whether broadly or by geography and price segments; |
increased competition in the industry and for the affiliation of independent sales agents whether through traditional competitors, competitors with alternative business modelson our results of operations and market share, including competition from:
◦real estate brokerages, including those seeking to disrupt historic real estate brokerage models;
◦other industry participants seeking to eliminate brokers or agents from, or minimize the role they play in, the homesale transaction; and
◦other industry participants otherwise competing for a portion of gross commission income;
•continuing pressure on the share of gross commission income paid by our company owned brokerages and our affiliated franchisees to theiraffiliated independent affiliated sales agents;agents and independent sales agent teams;
•our inability to successfully develop or procure technology that supports our strategy to grow the base of independent sales agents at our company owned and franchisee real estate brokerages;
•our geographic and high-end market concentration;concentration, including the heightened competition for independent sales agents in those geographies and price points;
•our inability to enter into franchise agreements with new franchisees or renew existing franchise agreements, including at current contractual royalty rates without increasing the amount and prevalence of sales incentives;
•the lack of revenue growth or declining profitability of our franchisees and company owned brokerage operations;operations or declines in other revenue streams, such as third-party listing fees;
•negative industry or business trends (including further declines in our market capitalization) may have a further impact on our valuation of goodwill and intangibles;
•the extent of the negative impact of the discontinuation of the USAA program in the third quarter of 2019 on the Company’s revenues and profits derived from affinity program referrals from our Broker Network (including revenue to Relocation Services, Franchised Services and Owned Brokerage Services);
•the loss of another significant affinity client or multiple significant relocation clients or changes in corporate relocation practices resulting in fewer employee relocations or reduced relocation benefits as well as the effect of increasing competition in corporate relocation;
•risks related to our planned sale of our employee relocation orbusiness to SIRVA Worldwide, Inc., a subsidiary of SIRVA, Inc., including with respect to matters of timing, anticipated benefits and the loss of one or more significant affinity clients;financial impact to our business;
•an increase in the experienced claims losses of our title underwriter;
•our failure or alleged failure to comply with laws, regulations and regulatory interpretations and any changes or stricter interpretations of any of the foregoing (whether through private litigation or governmental action), including but not limited to (1) state or federal employment laws or regulations that would require reclassification of independent contractor sales agents to employee status, (2) privacy or data security laws and regulations, and (3) RESPAthe Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA") or other federal or state consumer protection or similar laws;laws and (4) antitrust laws and regulations;
•risks relating to our ability to return capital to stockholders pursuant toincluding, among other risks, the restrictions contained in our stock repurchase program;debt agreements, in particular the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes;
risks and growing costs related to cybersecurity threats to our data and customer, franchisee, employee and independent sales agent data; and
•risks associated with our substantial indebtedness and interest obligations and restrictions contained in our debt agreements, including risks relating to having to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flows from operations to service our debt.debt and risks relating to our ability to refinance or repay our indebtedness or incur additional indebtedness; and
•risks and growing costs related to both cybersecurity threats to our data and customer, franchisee, employee and independent sales agent data, as well as those related to our compliance with the growing number of laws, regulations and other requirements related to the protection of personal information.
More information on factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated is included from time to time in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20172018 (the "2017"2018 Form 10-K"), particularly under the captions "Forward-Looking Statements," "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Most of these factors are difficult to anticipate and are generally beyond our control. You should consider these factors in connection with any forward-looking statements that may be made by us and our businesses generally.
All forward-looking statements herein speak only as of the date of this report and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in or incorporated by reference into this report. Except as is required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events after the date of this report. For any forward-looking statement contained in this report, our public filings or other public statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Realogy Holdings Corp.
Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of Realogy Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of September 30, 2018,2019, and the related condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and2018, and 2017 and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2017,2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 27, 2018,26, 2019, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2017,2018, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our reviewsreview in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Florham Park, New Jersey
November 2, 20187, 2019
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholder of Realogy Group LLC
Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of Realogy Group LLC and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of September 30, 2018,2019, and the related condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and 2017 and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the "interim financial statements"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2017,2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 27, 2018,26, 2019, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2017,2018, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America applicable to reviews of interim financial information. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB or in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Florham Park, New Jersey
November 2, 20187, 2019
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. AND REALOGY GROUP LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | | | Nine Months Ended | | |
| | September 30, | | | | September 30, | | |
| | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Revenues | | | | | | | |
| Gross commission income | $ | 1,201 | | | $ | 1,246 | | | $ | 3,310 | | | $ | 3,536 | |
| Service revenue | 269 | | | 268 | | | 710 | | | 728 | |
| Franchise fees | 108 | | | 109 | | | 290 | | | 302 | |
| Other | 51 | | | 53 | | | 168 | | | 159 | |
| Net revenues | 1,629 | | | 1,676 | | | 4,478 | | | 4,725 | |
| Expenses | | | | | | | |
| Commission and other agent-related costs | 875 | | | 902 | | | 2,405 | | | 2,556 | |
| Operating | 388 | | | 387 | | | 1,158 | | | 1,171 | |
| Marketing | 64 | | | 63 | | | 202 | | | 199 | |
| General and administrative | 85 | | | 80 | | | 262 | | | 244 | |
| Former parent legacy cost, net | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | |
| Restructuring costs, net | 11 | | | 9 | | | 32 | | | 45 | |
| Impairments | 183 | | | — | | | 186 | | | — | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 50 | | | 49 | | | 149 | | | 146 | |
| Interest expense, net | 66 | | | 41 | | | 210 | | | 120 | |
| (Gain) loss on the early extinguishment of debt | (10) | | | — | | | (5) | | | 7 | |
| Total expenses | 1,713 | | | 1,531 | | | 4,600 | | | 4,488 | |
| (Loss) income before income taxes, equity in (earnings) losses and noncontrolling interests | (84) | | | 145 | | | (122) | | | 237 | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (8) | | | 40 | | | (9) | | | 73 | |
| Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities | (7) | | | 1 | | | (15) | | | 3 | |
| Net (loss) income | (69) | | | 104 | | | (98) | | | 161 | |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1) | | | (1) | | | (2) | | | (2) | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | (70) | | | $ | 103 | | | $ | (100) | | | $ | 159 | |
| | | | | | | |
| (Loss) earnings per share attributable to Realogy Holdings: | | | | | | | |
| Basic (loss) earnings per share | $ | (0.61) | | | $ | 0.84 | | | $ | (0.88) | | | $ | 1.26 | |
| Diluted (loss) earnings per share | $ | (0.61) | | | $ | 0.83 | | | $ | (0.88) | | | $ | 1.25 | |
| Weighted average common and common equivalent shares of Realogy Holdings outstanding: | | | | | | | |
| Basic | 114.3 | | | 122.7 | | | 114.2 | | | 126.5 | |
| Diluted | 114.3 | | | 123.6 | | | 114.2 | | | 127.6 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended |
| | September 30, | | September 30, |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Revenues | | | | | | | |
| Gross commission income | $ | 1,246 |
| | $ | 1,250 |
| | $ | 3,536 |
| | $ | 3,505 |
|
| Service revenue | 268 |
| | 261 |
| | 728 |
| | 710 |
|
| Franchise fees | 109 |
| | 111 |
| | 302 |
| | 296 |
|
| Other | 53 |
| | 52 |
| | 159 |
| | 159 |
|
| Net revenues | 1,676 |
| | 1,674 |
| | 4,725 |
| | 4,670 |
|
| Expenses | | | | | | | |
| Commission and other agent-related costs | 902 |
| | 887 |
| | 2,556 |
| | 2,462 |
|
| Operating | 387 |
| | 394 |
| | 1,171 |
| | 1,162 |
|
| Marketing | 63 |
| | 63 |
| | 199 |
| | 195 |
|
| General and administrative | 80 |
| | 82 |
| | 244 |
| | 269 |
|
| Former parent legacy cost (benefit), net | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | (10 | ) |
| Restructuring costs, net | 9 |
| | 2 |
| | 45 |
| | 9 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | 49 |
| | 50 |
| | 146 |
| | 149 |
|
| Interest expense, net | 41 |
| | 41 |
| | 120 |
| | 127 |
|
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt | — |
| | 1 |
| | 7 |
| | 5 |
|
| Total expenses | 1,531 |
| | 1,521 |
| | 4,488 |
| | 4,368 |
|
| Income before income taxes, equity in (earnings) losses and noncontrolling interests | 145 |
| | 153 |
| | 237 |
| | 302 |
|
| Income tax expense | 40 |
| | 67 |
| | 73 |
| | 131 |
|
| Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities | 1 |
| | (10 | ) | | 3 |
| | (7 | ) |
| Net income | 104 |
| | 96 |
| | 161 |
| | 178 |
|
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) |
| Net income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | 103 |
| | $ | 95 |
| | $ | 159 |
| | $ | 176 |
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Earnings per share attributable to Realogy Holdings: | | | | | | | |
| Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.84 |
| | $ | 0.70 |
| | $ | 1.26 |
| | $ | 1.28 |
|
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.83 |
| | $ | 0.69 |
| | $ | 1.25 |
| | $ | 1.26 |
|
| Weighted average common and common equivalent shares of Realogy Holdings outstanding: |
| Basic | 122.7 |
| | 136.1 |
| | 126.5 |
| | 137.8 |
|
| Diluted | 123.6 |
| | 138.1 |
| | 127.6 |
| | 139.4 |
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Cash dividends declared per share | $ | 0.09 |
| | $ | 0.09 |
| | $ | 0.27 |
| | $ | 0.27 |
|
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
56
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. AND REALOGY GROUP LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | | | Nine Months Ended | | |
| September 30, | | | | September 30, | | |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Net (loss) income | $ | (69) | | | $ | 104 | | | $ | (98) | | | $ | 161 | |
| Currency translation adjustment | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | | | (2) | |
| Defined benefit pension plan—amortization of actuarial loss to periodic pension cost | 1 | | | — | | | 2 | | | 1 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | (1) | |
| Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income amounts | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | |
| Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (1) | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | |
| Comprehensive (loss) income | (70) | | | 104 | | | (98) | | | 160 | |
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1) | | | (1) | | | (2) | | | (2) | |
| Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | (71) | | | $ | 103 | | | $ | (100) | | | $ | 158 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended |
| | September 30, | | September 30, |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Net income | $ | 104 |
| | $ | 96 |
| | $ | 161 |
| | $ | 178 |
|
| Currency translation adjustment | — |
| | 1 |
| | (2 | ) | | 3 |
|
| Defined benefit pension plan - amortization of actuarial loss to periodic pension cost | — |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
|
| Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | — |
| | 2 |
| | (1 | ) | | 4 |
|
| Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income amounts | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
|
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — |
| | 1 |
| | (1 | ) | | 3 |
|
| Comprehensive income | 104 |
| | 97 |
| | 160 |
| | 181 |
|
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) |
| Comprehensive income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | 103 |
| | $ | 96 |
| | $ | 158 |
| | $ | 179 |
|
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
67
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. AND REALOGY GROUP LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except share data)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30,
2019 | | December 31,
2018 |
| | | | |
| ASSETS | | | |
| Current assets: | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 266 | | | $ | 225 | |
| Restricted cash | 12 | | | 13 | |
| Trade receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $12 and $9) | 155 | | | 146 | |
| Relocation receivables | 268 | | | 231 | |
| Other current assets | 161 | | | 153 | |
| Total current assets | 862 | | | 768 | |
| Property and equipment, net | 315 | | | 304 | |
| Operating lease assets, net | 538 | | | — | |
| Goodwill | 3,532 | | | 3,712 | |
| Trademarks | 749 | | | 749 | |
| Franchise agreements, net | 1,176 | | | 1,227 | |
| Other intangibles, net | 232 | | | 254 | |
| Other non-current assets | 313 | | | 276 | |
| Total assets | $ | 7,717 | | | $ | 7,290 | |
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | | | |
| Current liabilities: | | | |
| Accounts payable | $ | 145 | | | $ | 147 | |
| Securitization obligations | 228 | | | 231 | |
| Current portion of long-term debt | 304 | | | 748 | |
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 129 | | | — | |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 412 | | | 401 | |
| Total current liabilities | 1,218 | | | 1,527 | |
| Long-term debt | 3,221 | | | 2,800 | |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 471 | | | — | |
| Deferred income taxes | 374 | | | 389 | |
| Other non-current liabilities | 250 | | | 259 | |
| Total liabilities | 5,534 | | | 4,975 | |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) | | | |
| Equity: | | | |
| Realogy Holdings preferred stock: $0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized, NaN issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | — | | | — | |
| Realogy Holdings common stock: $0.01 par value; 400,000,000 shares authorized, 114,335,466 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and 114,620,499 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | 4,837 | | | 4,869 | |
| Accumulated deficit | (2,607) | | | (2,507) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (52) | | | (52) | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 2,179 | | | 2,311 | |
| Noncontrolling interests | 4 | | | 4 | |
| Total equity | 2,183 | | | 2,315 | |
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 7,717 | | | $ | 7,290 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| | September 30,
2018 | | December 31,
2017 |
| | |
| ASSETS | | | |
| Current assets: | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 226 |
| | $ | 227 |
|
| Restricted cash | 11 |
| | 7 |
|
| Trade receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $9 and $11) | 180 |
| | 153 |
|
| Relocation receivables | 334 |
| | 223 |
|
| Other current assets | 154 |
| | 179 |
|
| Total current assets | 905 |
| | 789 |
|
| Property and equipment, net | 284 |
| | 289 |
|
| Goodwill | 3,712 |
| | 3,710 |
|
| Trademarks | 749 |
| | 749 |
|
| Franchise agreements, net | 1,243 |
| | 1,294 |
|
| Other intangibles, net | 261 |
| | 284 |
|
| Other non-current assets | 284 |
| | 222 |
|
| Total assets | $ | 7,438 |
| | $ | 7,337 |
|
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | | | |
| Current liabilities: | | | |
| Accounts payable | $ | 181 |
| | $ | 156 |
|
| Securitization obligations | 264 |
| | 194 |
|
| Current portion of long-term debt | 727 |
| | 127 |
|
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 395 |
| | 478 |
|
| Total current liabilities | 1,567 |
| | 955 |
|
| Long-term debt | 2,806 |
| | 3,221 |
|
| Deferred income taxes | 378 |
| | 327 |
|
| Other non-current liabilities | 244 |
| | 212 |
|
| Total liabilities | 4,995 |
| | 4,715 |
|
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) | | | |
| Equity: | | | |
| Realogy Holdings preferred stock: $.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 | — |
| | — |
|
| Realogy Holdings common stock: $.01 par value; 400,000,000 shares authorized, 119,932,166 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and 131,636,870 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 | 1 |
| | 1 |
|
| Additional paid-in capital | 4,970 |
| | 5,285 |
|
| Accumulated deficit | (2,485 | ) | | (2,631 | ) |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (47 | ) | | (37 | ) |
| Total stockholders' equity | 2,439 |
| | 2,618 |
|
| Noncontrolling interests | 4 |
| | 4 |
|
| Total equity | 2,443 |
| | 2,622 |
|
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 7,438 |
| | $ | 7,337 |
|
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
78
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. AND REALOGY GROUP LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended
September 30, | | | |
| | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Operating Activities | | | |
| Net (loss) income | $ | (98) | | | $ | 161 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 149 | | | 146 | |
| Deferred income taxes | (16) | | | 59 | |
| Impairments | 186 | | | — | |
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount | 7 | | | 11 | |
| (Gain) loss on the early extinguishment of debt | (5) | | | 7 | |
| Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities | (15) | | | 3 | |
| Stock-based compensation | 25 | | | 31 | |
| Mark-to-market adjustments on derivatives | 49 | | | (20) | |
| Other adjustments to net income | (4) | | | (1) | |
| Net change in assets and liabilities, excluding the impact of acquisitions and dispositions: | | | |
| Trade receivables | (8) | | | (26) | |
| Relocation receivables | (38) | | | (112) | |
| Other assets | (4) | | | (15) | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 2 | | | (18) | |
| Dividends received from unconsolidated entities | 2 | | | 3 | |
| Other, net | (2) | | | (5) | |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 230 | | | 224 | |
| Investing Activities | | | |
| Property and equipment additions | (78) | | | (73) | |
| Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (1) | | | (1) | |
| Investment in unconsolidated entities | (10) | | | (15) | |
| Proceeds from investments in unconsolidated entities | — | | | 19 | |
| Other, net | 3 | | | 10 | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (86) | | | (60) | |
| Financing Activities | | | |
| Net change in Revolving Credit Facility | (5) | | | 180 | |
| Payments for refinancing of Term Loan B | — | | | (4) | |
| Proceeds from refinancing of Term Loan A & A-1 | — | | | 17 | |
| Proceeds from issuance of Senior Notes | 550 | | | — | |
| Redemption and repurchases of Senior Notes | (533) | | | — | |
| Amortization payments on term loan facilities | (22) | | | (17) | |
| Net change in securitization obligations | (3) | | | 70 | |
| Debt issuance costs | (9) | | | (16) | |
| Cash paid for fees associated with early extinguishment of debt | (5) | | | — | |
| Repurchase of common stock | (20) | | | (302) | |
| Dividends paid on common stock | (31) | | | (34) | |
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement for stock-based compensation | (6) | | | (10) | |
| Payments of contingent consideration related to acquisitions | (3) | | | (21) | |
| Other, net | (17) | | | (23) | |
| Net cash used in financing activities | (104) | | | (160) | |
| Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | — | | | (1) | |
| Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 40 | | | 3 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 238 | | | 234 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 278 | | | $ | 237 | |
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information | | | |
| Interest payments (including securitization interest of $6 for both periods presented) | $ | 130 | | | $ | 118 | |
| Income tax payments, net | 7 | | | 10 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended
September 30, |
| | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Operating Activities | | | |
| Net income | $ | 161 |
| | $ | 178 |
|
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 146 |
| | 149 |
|
| Deferred income taxes | 59 |
| | 129 |
|
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and discount | 11 |
| | 12 |
|
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt | 7 |
| | 5 |
|
| Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities | 3 |
| | (7 | ) |
| Stock-based compensation | 31 |
| | 38 |
|
| Mark-to-market adjustments on derivatives | (20 | ) | | 6 |
|
| Other adjustments to net income | (1 | ) | | (2 | ) |
| Net change in assets and liabilities, excluding the impact of acquisitions and dispositions: | | | |
| Trade receivables | (26 | ) | | (13 | ) |
| Relocation receivables | (112 | ) | | (30 | ) |
| Other assets | (15 | ) | | (33 | ) |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | (18 | ) | | — |
|
| Dividends received from unconsolidated entities | 3 |
| | 24 |
|
| Other, net | (5 | ) | | (11 | ) |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 224 |
| | 445 |
|
| Investing Activities | | | |
| Property and equipment additions | (73 | ) | | (69 | ) |
| Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (1 | ) | | (13 | ) |
| Investment in unconsolidated entities | (15 | ) | | (34 | ) |
| Proceeds from investments in unconsolidated entities | 19 |
| | — |
|
| Other, net | 10 |
| | 17 |
|
| Net cash used in investing activities | (60 | ) | | (99 | ) |
| Financing Activities | | | |
| Net change in revolving credit facility | 180 |
| | (10 | ) |
| Payments for refinancing of Term Loan B | (4 | ) | | — |
|
| Proceeds from refinancing of Term Loan A & A-1 | 17 |
| | — |
|
| Amortization payments on term loan facilities | (17 | ) | | (31 | ) |
| Net change in securitization obligations | 70 |
| | 29 |
|
| Debt issuance costs | (16 | ) | | (6 | ) |
| Cash paid for fees associated with early extinguishment of debt | — |
| | (1 | ) |
| Repurchase of common stock | (302 | ) | | (180 | ) |
| Dividends paid on common stock | (34 | ) | | (37 | ) |
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | — |
| | 7 |
|
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement for stock-based compensation | (10 | ) | | (11 | ) |
| Payments of contingent consideration related to acquisitions | (21 | ) | | (18 | ) |
| Other, net | (23 | ) | | (19 | ) |
| Net cash used in financing activities | (160 | ) | | (277 | ) |
| Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (1 | ) | | 2 |
|
| Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 3 |
| | 71 |
|
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 234 |
| | 281 |
|
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 237 |
| | $ | 352 |
|
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information | | | |
| Interest payments (including securitization interest of $6 and $5 for the periods presented) | $ | 118 |
| | $ | 111 |
|
| Income tax payments, net | 10 |
| | 10 |
|
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
89
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP. AND REALOGY GROUP LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unless otherwise noted, all amounts are in millions)
(Unaudited)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Realogy Holdings Corp. ("Realogy Holdings", "Realogy" or the "Company") is a holding company for its consolidated subsidiaries including Realogy Intermediate Holdings LLC ("Realogy Intermediate") and Realogy Group LLC ("Realogy Group") and its consolidated subsidiaries. Realogy, through its subsidiaries, is a global provider of residential real estate services. Neither Realogy Holdings, the indirect parent of Realogy Group, nor Realogy Intermediate, the direct parent company of Realogy Group, conducts any operations other than with respect to its respective direct or indirect ownership of Realogy Group. As a result, the consolidated financial positions, results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows of Realogy Holdings, Realogy Intermediate and Realogy Group are the same.
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the financial statements of Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group. Realogy Holdings' only asset is its investment in the common stock of Realogy Intermediate, and Realogy Intermediate's only asset is its investment in Realogy Group. Realogy Holdings' only obligations are its guarantees of certain borrowings and certain franchise obligations of Realogy Group. All expenses incurred by Realogy Holdings and Realogy Intermediate are for the benefit of Realogy Group and have been reflected in Realogy Group's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and with Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Interim results may not be indicative of full year performance because of seasonal and short-term variations. The Company has eliminated all material intercompany transactions and balances between entities consolidated in these financial statements. In presenting the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and the related disclosures. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.
In management's opinion, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group's financial position as of September 30, 20182019 and the results of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20182019 and 20172018 and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017.2018. The Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 20172018 was derived from audited annual financial statements but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the annual financial statements. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20172018.
As discussed in further detail below under Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements, effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-02 (Topic 842) "Leases". The adoption of this standard is reflected in the amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q.
Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value.
| | | | | | | | |
| Level Input: | | Input Definitions: |
| | |
Level Input: | | Input Definitions: |
| | |
Level I | | Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date. |
| | |
| Level II | | Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level I that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market data at the measurement date. |
| | |
| Level III | | Unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. |
The availability of observable inputs can vary from asset to asset and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of asset, whether the asset is new and not yet established in the marketplace, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or
unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level III. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
The fair value of financial instruments is generally determined by reference to quoted market values. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques, as appropriate. The fair value of interest rate swaps is determined based upon a discounted cash flow approach.
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis and recognizes transfers within the fair value hierarchy at the end of the fiscal quarter in which the change in circumstances that caused the transfer occurred.
The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at September 30, 2019 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Total |
| Deferred compensation plan assets (included in other non-current assets) | $ | 2 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2 | |
| Interest rate swaps (included in other current and non-current liabilities) | — | | | 60 | | | — | | | 60 | |
| Contingent consideration for acquisitions (included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities) | — | | | — | | | 4 | | | 4 | |
The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at December 31, 2018 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Total |
| Deferred compensation plan assets (included in other non-current assets) | $ | 2 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 2 |
|
| Interest rate swaps (included in other non-current assets) | — |
| | 15 |
| | — |
| | 15 |
|
| Interest rate swaps (included in other non-current liabilities) | — |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
|
| Contingent consideration for acquisitions (included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities) | — |
| | — |
| | 11 |
| | 11 |
|
The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at December 31, 2017 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| | | | Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Total | | Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Total |
| Deferred compensation plan assets (included in other non-current assets) | $ | 3 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 3 |
| Deferred compensation plan assets (included in other non-current assets) | $ | 2 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2 | |
| Interest rate swaps (included in other current and non-current liabilities) | — |
| | 13 |
| | — |
| | 13 |
| |
| Interest rate swaps (included in other non-current assets) | | Interest rate swaps (included in other non-current assets) | — | | | 6 | | | — | | | 6 | |
| Interest rate swaps (included in other non-current liabilities) | | Interest rate swaps (included in other non-current liabilities) | — | | | 16 | | | — | | | 16 | |
| Contingent consideration for acquisitions (included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities) | — |
| | — |
| | 34 |
| | 34 |
| Contingent consideration for acquisitions (included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities) | — | | | — | | | 10 | | | 10 | |
The fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration for acquisitions is measured using a probability weighted-average discount rate to estimate future cash flows based upon the likelihood of achieving future operating results for individual acquisitions. These assumptions are deemed to be unobservable inputs and as such the Company’s contingent consideration is classified within Level III of the valuation hierarchy. The Company reassesses the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities on a quarterly basis.
The following table presents changes in Level III financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Level III |
| Fair value of contingent consideration at December 31, 2018 | | $ | 10 | |
| Additions: contingent consideration related to acquisitions completed during the period | | — | |
| Reductions: payments of contingent consideration | | (4) | |
| Changes in fair value (reflected in general and administrative expenses) | | (2) | |
| Fair value of contingent consideration at September 30, 2019 | | $ | 4 | |
|
| | | | |
| | | Level III |
| Fair value of contingent consideration at December 31, 2017 | | $ | 34 |
|
| Additions: contingent consideration related to acquisitions completed during the period | | 1 |
|
| Reductions: payments of contingent consideration | | (22 | ) |
| Changes in fair value (reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations) | | (2 | ) |
| Fair value of contingent consideration at September 30, 2018 | | $ | 11 |
|
The following table summarizes the principal amount of the Company’s indebtedness compared to the estimated fair value, primarily determined by quoted market values, at:
| | | | September 30, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 | | September 30, 2019 | | | December 31, 2018 | |
| Debt | Principal Amount | | Estimated
Fair Value (a) | | Principal Amount | | Estimated
Fair Value (a) | Debt | Principal Amount | | Estimated
Fair Value (a) | | Principal Amount | | Estimated
Fair Value (a) |
| Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | | | | | | Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | | | | | |
| Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 250 |
| | $ | 250 |
| | $ | 70 |
| | $ | 70 |
| Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 265 | | | $ | 265 | | | $ | 270 | | | $ | 270 | |
| Term Loan B | 1,072 |
| | 1,073 |
| | 1,083 |
| | 1,085 |
| Term Loan B | 1,061 | | | 1,009 | | | 1,069 | | | 1,010 | |
| Term Loan A Facility: | | | | | | | | Term Loan A Facility: | |
| Term Loan A | 741 |
| | 741 |
| | 391 |
| | 393 |
| Term Loan A | 722 | | | 695 | | | 736 | | | 707 | |
| Term Loan A-1 | — |
| | — |
| | 342 |
| | 343 |
| |
| 4.50% Senior Notes | 450 |
| | 452 |
| | 450 |
| | 457 |
| 4.50% Senior Notes | — | | | — | | | 450 | | | 447 | |
| 5.25% Senior Notes | 550 |
| | 549 |
| | 550 |
| | 569 |
| 5.25% Senior Notes | 550 | | | 547 | | | 550 | | | 524 | |
| 4.875% Senior Notes | 500 |
| | 467 |
| | 500 |
| | 495 |
| 4.875% Senior Notes | 407 | | | 377 | | | 500 | | | 434 | |
| 9.375% Senior Notes | | 9.375% Senior Notes | 550 | | | 507 | | | — | | | — | |
| Securitization obligations | 264 |
| | 264 |
| | 194 |
| | 194 |
| Securitization obligations | 228 | | | 228 | | | 231 | | | 231 | |
_______________
| |
(a) | The fair value of the Company's indebtedness is categorized as Level II. |
(a)The fair value of the Company's indebtedness is categorized as Level II.
Equity Method Investments
At September 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the Company had various equity method investments aggregating $53$66 million and $74$51 million, respectively, which are recorded within other non-current assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The $53 million investment balancebalances at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 included $46$57 million and $43 million, respectively, for the Company's investment in Guaranteed Rate Affinity, LLC ("Guaranteed Rate Affinity"). The Company's interest in PHH Home Loans, LLC ("PHH Home Loans") was sold to a subsidiary of PHH Corporation in the first quarter of 2018. The $74 million investment balance at December 31, 2017 included $48 million for the Company's investment in Guaranteed Rate Affinity and $19 million for the Company's remaining investment in PHH Home Loans. The Company received net cash proceeds of $19 million reducing the investment balance in PHH Home Loans to zero in the first quarter of 2018.
For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded equity earnings of $7 million and equity losses of $1 million, respectively, at the Title and Settlement Services segment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded equity earnings of $15 million and equity losses of $1 million and $3 million, respectively, at the Title and Settlement Services segment primarily related to costs associated with the ramp up of operations of Guaranteed Rate Affinity. The Company recorded $10 million and $7 million of earnings related to its equity investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, primarily related to earnings from the first two phases of the sale of PHH Home Loans' assets to Guaranteed Rate Affinity, partially offset by the recognition of certain exit costs at PHH Home Loans.segment.
The Company received $3$2 million and $24$3 million in cash dividends from equity method investments during the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, respectively. The Company invested $2 million and $4 million into Guaranteed Rate Affinity during the first quarter of 2018 and $34 millioncash into Guaranteed Rate Affinity during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2019 and 2018, respectively.
Income Taxes
The Company's provision for income taxes in interim periods is computed by applying its estimated annual effective tax rate against the income before income taxes for the period. In addition, non-recurring or discrete items are recorded in the period in which they occur. The provision for income taxes was a benefit of $8 million and an expense of $40 million and $67 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 2017, respectively,a benefit of $9 million and an expense of $73 million and $131 million for the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, respectively.
Derivative Instruments
The Company records derivatives and hedging activities on the balance sheet at their respective fair values. The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts largely to manage its exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its foreign currency denominated receivables and payables. The Company primarily manages its foreign currency exposure to the Swiss Franc, Euro, British Pound Swiss Franc and Canadian Dollar. The Company has not elected to utilize hedge accounting for these forward contracts; therefore, any change in fair value is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. However, the fluctuations in the value of these forward contracts generally offset
the impact of changes in the value of the underlying risk that they are intended to economically hedge. As of September 30, 2018,2019, the Company had outstanding foreign currency forward contracts in an asset position with a fair value of less than $1 million and a notional value of $27$33 million. As of December 31, 2017,2018, the Company had outstanding foreign currency forward contracts in a liability position with a fair value of less than $1 million and a notional value of $25$27 million.
The Company also enters into interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates associated with its variable rate borrowings. Interest rate swaps with a notional value of $425 million expired February 10, 2018. As of September 30, 2018,2019, the Company had interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional value of $1,600 million to offset the variability in cash flows resulting from the term loan facilities as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Value (in millions) | | Commencement Date | | Expiration Date |
| $600 | | August 2015 | | August 2020 |
| $450 | | November 2017 | | November 2022 |
| $400 | (a) | August 2020 | | August 2025 |
| $150 | (a) | November 2022 | | November 2027 |
_______________
| |
(a) | During the second quarter of 2018, the Company entered into four new forward starting interest rate swaps, two with a notional value of $125 million and two with a notional value of $150 million. |
The swaps help to protect our outstanding variable rate borrowings from future interest rate volatility. The Company has not elected to utilize hedge accounting for these interest rate swaps; therefore, any change in fair value is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The fair value of derivative instruments was as follows:
| | | Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | | Balance Sheet Location | | September 30, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 | Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | | Balance Sheet Location | | September 30, 2019 | | December 31, 2018 |
| Interest rate swap contracts | | Other non-current assets | | $ | 15 |
| | $ | — |
| Interest rate swap contracts | | Other non-current assets | | $ | — | | | $ | 6 | |
| | Other current and non-current liabilities | | 2 |
| | 13 |
| | | Other current and non-current liabilities | | 60 | | | 16 | |
The effect of derivative instruments on earnings was as follows:
| | | Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | | Location of (Gain) or Loss Recognized for Derivative Instruments | | (Gain) or Loss Recognized on Derivatives | Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | | Location of (Gain) or Loss Recognized for Derivative Instruments | | (Gain) or Loss Recognized on Derivatives | |
| Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Interest rate swap contracts | | Interest expense | | $ | (7 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | (19 | ) | | $ | 4 |
| Interest rate swap contracts | | Interest expense | | $ | 12 | | | $ | (7) | | | $ | 50 | | | $ | (19) | |
| Foreign exchange contracts | | Operating expense | | — |
| | 1 |
| | (1 | ) | | 2 |
| Foreign exchange contracts | | Operating expense | | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | | | (1) | |
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily relates to amounts specifically designated as collateral for the repayment of outstanding borrowings under the Company’s securitization facilities. Such amounts approximated $11$12 million and $7$13 million at September 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, respectively.
Supplemental Cash Flow InformationRevenue
Significant non-cashRevenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services in accordance with the revenue standard. The Company's revenue is disaggregated by major revenue categories on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and further disaggregated by business segment as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended September 30, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Real Estate Franchise Services | | | | Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services | | | | Relocation Services | | | | Title & Settlement Services | | | | Corporate and Other | | | | Total Company | | |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Gross commission income (a) | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,201 | | | $ | 1,246 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,201 | | | $ | 1,246 | |
| Service revenue (b) | — | | | — | | | 2 | | | 3 | | | 102 | | | 107 | | | 165 | | | 158 | | | — | | | — | | | 269 | | | 268 | |
| Franchise fees (c) | 186 | | | 189 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (78) | | | (80) | | | 108 | | | 109 | |
| Other (d) | 30 | | | 32 | | | 19 | | | 19 | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | 5 | | | 4 | | | (4) | | | (3) | | | 51 | | | 53 | |
| Net revenues | $ | 216 | | | $ | 221 | | | $ | 1,222 | | | $ | 1,268 | | | $ | 103 | | | $ | 108 | | | $ | 170 | | | $ | 162 | | | $ | (82) | | | $ | (83) | | | $ | 1,629 | | | $ | 1,676 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Real Estate Franchise Services | | | | Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services | | | | Relocation Services | | | | Title & Settlement Services | | | | Corporate and Other | | | | Total Company | | |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Gross commission income (a) | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,310 | | | $ | 3,536 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,310 | | | $ | 3,536 | |
| Service revenue (b) | — | | | — | | | 7 | | | 7 | | | 273 | | | 289 | | | 430 | | | 432 | | | — | | | — | | | 710 | | | 728 | |
| Franchise fees (c) | 505 | | | 531 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (215) | | | (229) | | | 290 | | | 302 | |
| Other (d) | 108 | | | 103 | | | 52 | | | 50 | | | 3 | | | 3 | | | 14 | | | 12 | | | (9) | | | (9) | | | 168 | | | 159 | |
| Net revenues | $ | 613 | | | $ | 634 | | | $ | 3,369 | | | $ | 3,593 | | | $ | 276 | | | $ | 292 | | | $ | 444 | | | $ | 444 | | | $ | (224) | | | $ | (238) | | | $ | 4,478 | | | $ | 4,725 | |
______________
(a)Consists primarily of revenues related to gross commission income at the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment which is recognized at a point in time at the closing of a homesale transaction.
(b)Service revenue primarily consists of title and escrow fees at the Title and Settlement Services segment, which are recognized at a point in time at the closing of a homesale transaction, and relocation fees at the Relocation Services segment, which are recognized as revenue when or as the related performance obligation is satisfied, which is dependent on the type of service performed.
(c)Franchise fees at the Real Estate Franchise Services segment primarily include domestic royalties which are recognized at a point in time when the underlying franchisee revenue is earned (upon close of the homesale transaction).
(d)Other revenue is comprised of brand marketing funds received at the Real Estate Franchise Services segment from franchisees, third-party listing fees and other miscellaneous revenues across all of the business segments.
The following table shows the change in the Company's contract liabilities (deferred revenue) related to revenue contracts by reportable segment for the period:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Beginning Balance at January 1, 2019 | | Additions during the period | | Recognized as Revenue during the period | | Ending Balance at September 30, 2019 |
| Real Estate Franchise Services: | | | | | | | |
| Deferred area development fees (a) | $ | 54 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | (6) | | | $ | 49 | |
| Deferred brand marketing fund fees (b) | 12 | | | 69 | | | (72) | | | 9 | |
| Other deferred income related to revenue contracts | 12 | | | 24 | | | (27) | | | 9 | |
| Total Real Estate Franchise Services | 78 | | | 94 | | | (105) | | | 67 | |
| Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services: | | | | | | | |
| Advanced commissions related to development business (c) | 10 | | | 2 | | | (2) | | | 10 | |
| Other deferred income related to revenue contracts | 4 | | | 5 | | | (5) | | | 4 | |
| Total Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services | 14 | | | 7 | | | (7) | | | 14 | |
| Relocation Services: | | | | | | | |
| Deferred broker network fees (d) | — | | | 10 | | | (6) | | | 4 | |
| Deferred outsourcing fees (e) | 4 | | | 44 | | | (44) | | | 4 | |
| Other deferred income related to revenue contracts | 5 | | | 19 | | | (20) | | | 4 | |
| Total Relocation Services | 9 | | | 73 | | | (70) | | | 12 | |
| Total | $ | 101 | | | $ | 174 | | | $ | (182) | | | $ | 93 | |
_______________
(a)The Company collects initial area development fees ("ADF") for international territory transactions, which are recorded as deferred revenue when received and recognized into franchise revenue over the average 25 year life of the related franchise agreement as consideration for the right to access and benefit from Realogy’s brands. In the event an ADF agreement is terminated prior to the end of its term, the unamortized deferred revenue balance will be recognized into revenue immediately upon termination.
(b)Revenues recognized include intercompany marketing fees paid by the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment.
(c)New development closings generally have a development period of between 18 and 24 months from contracted date to closing.
(d)Network fees are generally billed annually and recognized into revenue on a straight-line basis each month during the ninemembership period.
(e)Outsourcing management fees are recorded as deferred revenue when billed (usually at the start of the relocation) and are recognized as revenue over the average time period required to complete the transferee's move, or a phase of the move that the fee covers, which is typically 3 to 6 months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 included capital lease additions of $11 million and $13 million, respectively, which resulted in non-cash additions to property and equipment, net and other non-current liabilities.depending on the move type.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014,January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting StandardsStandard Update No. 2014-092017-04 (Topic 606) "Revenue from Contracts with Customers350), "Simplifying the Test of Goodwill Impairment." (the "new revenue standard"). The objective of the new revenue standard is to provide a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers to improve comparability within industries, across industries, and across capital markets. After a review of the Company's revenue streams,This update simplifies how the Company determined that the new revenue standard did not haveis required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating step two, which requires a material impact on financial results as the majority of the Company's revenue is recognized at the completion of a homesale transaction which did not result in a change in the timing of recognition of revenue transactions under the new revenue standard. The Company adopted the new revenue standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method in which the cumulative effect of applying the new revenue standard was
recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. See Note 2, "Revenue Recognition" for further details.
In February 2018, the FASB issued a new standard which permits companies to reclassify certain income tax effects resultinghypothetical purchase price allocation, from the 2017 Tax Act, called "stranded tax effects", from accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") to retained earnings. According togoodwill impairment test. Under the new guidance, goodwill impairment will equal the reclassification amount should includeby which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the effectcarrying amount of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate on the gross deferred tax amounts and related valuation allowances, if any, at the date of enactment of the 2017 Tax Act related to items remaining in AOCI.goodwill. The guidancestandard is effective for all companies forinterim or annual goodwill impairment tests during fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years,2019, with early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 which resulted in a debit to Accumulated other comprehensive losspermitted, and a credit to Accumulated deficit for $9 million. The Company’s accounting policy for releasing income tax effects from AOCI is to release those effects when our entire portfolio of the type of item is liquidated.
In June 2018, the FASB issued a new standard related to non-employee share-based payment accounting. The new guidance eliminates specific accounting for non-employee share-based payments and aligns the treatment for awards issued to employees and non-employees reducing the complexity of measurement of non-employee awards and creating a single accounting model. The new standard is applied to all new awards granted after the date of adoption. In addition, all liability-classified awards that have not been settled and equity-classified awards for which a measurement date has not been established by the adoption date should be remeasured at fair value as of the adoption date with a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings in the fiscal year of adoption. If early adoption of the new guidance is chosen in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period.applied prospectively. The Company elected to early adopt this guidance during the second quarter of 2018. There was an immaterial impact upon adoption.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considers the applicabilitystandard and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs"). ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In February 2016, the FASB issued its new standard on leases which requires virtually all leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. Lessees will recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). The liability will be equal to the present value of lease payments. The asset will be based on the liability, subject to adjustment, such as for lease incentives, prepayments and initial direct costs. For income statement purposes, leases will be classified as either operating or finance leases. Operating leases will result in straight-line expense, similar to current operating leases, while finance leases will result in a front-loaded expense pattern, similar to current capital leases. Classification will be based on criteria that are largely similar to those applied in current lease accounting, but without explicit bright lines.
The new standard is effective on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted, requiring a modified retrospective transition approach, applying the new standardgoodwill impairment guidance was applied to all leases existing at the dateour goodwill impairment test performed as of initial application. In July 2018, the FASB issued an ASU that allows entities to elect an optional transition relief giving companies the option to apply the provisions of the new guidance at the effective date (e.g., JanuarySeptember 1, 2019), as opposed to the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements under the modified retrospective transition approach (January 1, 2017), and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company will adopt the new standard during the first quarter of 2019 and will elect the optional transition relief. The new standard allows for an optional package of practical expedients during transition which permit companies to not reassess prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs under the new standard. The Company plans to elect this package of practical expedients; however, the Company does not expect to elect the use of hindsight practical expedients and therefore current lease terms largely remained unchanged.
The new standard also allows practical expedients for future accounting under the new standard. The Company plans to elect the short-term lease recognition exemption and will not recognize a lease obligation and right-of-use asset on its balance sheet for all leases with terms of 12 months or less. The Company also plans to elect the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of its leases resulting in a larger lease liability recorded on the balance sheet.
The Company is still evaluating the impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements but currently believes that the most significant effects of adoption relate to the recognition of new right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for real estate operating leases. Future lease obligations are disclosed in Note 13. "Commitments and
Contingencies" of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating its policies and internal controls, as well as implementing a new lease management system which will be utilized to account for leases under the new guidance once adopted.2019.
In August 2018, the SEC issued a final rule that amends certain disclosure requirements as part of the SEC’s overall project to improve disclosure effectiveness and simplify compliance. The final rule eliminates redundant, duplicative and
overlapping requirements which are substantially similar to current GAAP or other SEC disclosure requirements, as well as amends or removes outdated and superseded requirements. However, in some situations, the amendments expanded disclosure requirements, such as an analysis of changes in stockholders’ equity will now be required for the current and comparative quarter and year-to-date interim periods. The amended rules become effective 30 days after publicationCompany applied the amendments in the Federal Register. The Company has includedfinal rule to its statement of changes in stockholders' equityAnnual Report on Form 10-K for the three and nine month periodsyear ended September 30,December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017the interim disclosure requirements to conform with the new requirements.this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
Adoption of the New RevenueLeasing Standard
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-02 (Topic 842) "Leases" (the "new leasing standard") which requires virtually all leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. Effective January 1, 2018,2019, the Company adopted the new revenueleasing standard using the modified retrospective method. Resultstransition approach with optional transition relief and recognized the cumulative effect of applying the new leasing standard to existing contracts on the balance sheet on January 1, 2019. Therefore, results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 20182019 are presented under the new revenueleasing standard; however, the comparative prior period amounts have not been restated and continue to be reported in accordance with historic accounting under ASC Topic 605.840. The majoritymost significant effects of adoption of the Company's revenue continues to be recognized at the completion of a homesale transaction under the new revenueleasing standard however as a result of the adoption the Company recognized additional contract liabilities and deferred assets associated with certain other revenue streams. As of January 1, 2018, the Company recorded a net debit to its opening Accumulated deficit of $22 million, net of tax, due to the cumulative impact of adopting the new revenue standard, with the impact primarily relatedrelate to the recognition of additional contractnew right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for initial area development feesoperating leases. The new leasing standard did not impact our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and deferred assets for prepaid commissions.
Contract Liabilities for Initial Area Development Fees ("ADF"):
Contract liabilities are recorded when cash payments are received or due in advanceCondensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The impact of the Company's performance. The Company records these as deferred revenues and are classified as current or non-current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the expected timing of revenue recognition.
The Real Estate Franchise Services segment collects an initial ADF for international territory transactions, which are recorded as deferred revenue when received and recognized into revenue over the term of the agreement, typically 25 years, as consideration for the right to access and benefit from Realogy’s brands. In the event an ADF agreement is terminated prior to the end of its term, the unamortized deferred revenue balance will be recognized into revenue immediately upon termination. ADFs were recognized as revenue upfront when received under historical guidance.
Prepaid Commissions:
The incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which primarily consist of franchise sales commissions, are deferred and amortized generally over the estimated life of the customer relationship for domestic and international contracts. The Company classifies prepaid commissions as current or non-current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the expected timing of recognizing expense.
The Real Estate Franchise Services segment recognizes a deferred asset for commissions paid to Realogy franchise sales employees upon the sale of a new franchise. The amount of commissions is calculated as a percentage of the anticipated gross commission income of the new franchisee or the amount of the ADF and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of franchise customer relationships, 30 years for domestic franchise agreements, or the agreement term for international franchise agreements which is generally 25 years. Franchise sales commissions were expensed upfront when paid under historical guidance.
Practical Expedients and Exemptions:
The Company elected to apply the practical expedient that only requires the Company to apply the revenue standard to contracts that were open as of the beginning of the earliest period presented which impacted the amount of prepaid commissions capitalized.
The majority of the Company's contracts are transactional in nature or have a duration of one-year or less. Accordingly, the Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.
The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for the adoption of the new revenueleasing standard were as follows:
| | | | Balance Sheet accounts prior to the new revenue standard adoption adjustments | | Adjustments due to the adoption of the new revenue standard | | Balance Sheet accounts after the new revenue standard adoption adjustments | | Balance Sheet accounts prior to the new leasing standard adoption adjustments | | Adjustments due to the adoption of the new leasing standard | | Balance Sheet accounts after the new leasing standard adoption adjustments |
| ASSETS | | | | | | ASSETS | | | | | |
| Current assets: | | | | | | Current assets: | |
| Trade receivables | $ | 153 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 154 |
| |
| Other current assets | 179 |
| | 2 |
| | 181 |
| Other current assets | $ | 153 | | | $ | (14) | | | $ | 139 | |
| Total current assets | 789 |
| | 3 |
| | 792 |
| Total current assets | 768 | | | (14) | | | 754 | |
| Operating lease assets, net | | Operating lease assets, net | — | | | 567 | | | 567 | |
| Other non-current assets | 222 |
| | 23 |
| | 245 |
| Other non-current assets | 276 | | | (1) | | | 275 | |
| Total assets | $ | 7,337 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 7,363 |
| |
| Total assets (a) | | Total assets (a) | $ | 7,290 | | | $ | 552 | | | $ | 7,842 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | | | | | | LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |
| Current liabilities: | | | | | | Current liabilities: | |
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | | Current portion of operating lease liabilities | $ | — | | | $ | 126 | | | $ | 126 | |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 478 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 480 |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 401 | | | (12) | | | 389 | |
| Total current liabilities | 955 |
| | 2 |
| | 957 |
| Total current liabilities | 1,527 | | | 114 | | | 1,641 | |
| Deferred income taxes | 327 |
| | (8 | ) | | 319 |
| |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | | Long-term operating lease liabilities | — | | | 500 | | | 500 | |
| Other non-current liabilities | 212 |
| | 54 |
| | 266 |
| Other non-current liabilities | 259 | | | (62) | | | 197 | |
| Total liabilities | 4,715 |
| | 48 |
| | 4,763 |
| Total liabilities | 4,975 | | | 552 | | | 5,527 | |
| Equity: | | | | | | |
| Accumulated deficit (a) | (2,622 | ) | | (22 | ) | | (2,644 | ) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss (a) | (46 | ) | | — |
| | (46 | ) | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 2,618 |
| | (22 | ) | | 2,596 |
| |
| Total equity | 2,622 |
| | (22 | ) | | 2,600 |
| Total equity | 2,315 | | | — | | | 2,315 | |
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 7,337 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 7,363 |
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 7,290 | | | $ | 552 | | | $ | 7,842 | |
_______________
(a)The $552 million adjustment to Total assets due to the adoption of the new leasing standard consists of $414 million at the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment, $52 million at the Corporate and Other segment, $46 million at the Title and Settlement Services segment and $40 million at the Relocation Services Segment.
The Company elected a package of practical expedients that were consequently applied to all leases. The Company did not reassess whether expired or existing contracts contain leases under the new definition of a lease, lease classification for expired or existing leases, nor whether previously capitalized initial direct costs would qualify for capitalization under the new standard. Upon transition, the Company did not elect to use hindsight with respect to lease renewals and purchase options when accounting for existing leases, as well as assessing the impairment of right-of-use assets. Therefore, lease terms largely remained unchanged. In addition, the Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and did not recognize a lease obligation and right-of-use asset on its balance sheet for all leases with terms of 12 months or less.
The Company elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components in total gross rent for all of its leases which resulted in a larger lease liability recorded on the balance sheet.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs"). Recently issued ASUs were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
2. LEASES
The Company's lease portfolio consists primarily of office space and equipment. The Company has approximately 1,100 real estate leases with lease terms ranging from less than 1 year to 17 years and includes the Company's brokerage sales offices, regional and branch offices for our title and relocation businesses, corporate headquarters, regional headquarters, and facilities serving as local administration, training and storage. The Company's brokerage sales offices are generally located in shopping centers and small office parks, typically with lease terms of 1 year to 5 years. In addition, the Company has equipment leases which primarily consist of furniture, computers and other office equipment.
Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. At lease commencement, the Company records a liability for its lease obligation measured at the present value of future lease payments and a right-of-use asset equal to the lease liability adjusted for prepayments and lease incentives. The Company uses its collateralized incremental borrowing rate to calculate the present value of lease liabilities as most of its leases do not provide an implicit rate that is readily determinable. The Company does not recognize a lease obligation and right-of-use asset on its balance sheet for any leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. Some real estate leases include one or more options to renew or terminate a lease. The exercise of a lease renewal or termination option is assessed at commencement of the lease and only reflected in the lease term if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option. The Company has lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance fees, and has made a policy election to combine both fixed lease and non-lease components in total gross rent for all of its leases. Expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company's leases was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(a)Lease Type | Beginning balances have been adjusted for the adoption | Balance Sheet Classification | | September 30, 2019 |
| Assets: | | | | |
| Operating lease assets | | Operating lease assets, net | | $ | 538 | |
| Finance lease assets (a) | | Property and equipment, net | | 38 | |
| Total lease assets, net | | | | $ | 576 | |
| | | | |
| Liabilities: | | | | |
| Current: | | | | |
| Operating lease liabilities | | Current portion of the accounting standard update on stranded tax effects related to the 2017 Tax Act which resulted in a debit to Accumulatedoperating lease liabilities | | $ | 129 | |
| Finance lease liabilities | | Accrued expenses and other comprehensive losscurrent liabilities | | 12 | |
| Non-current: | | | | |
| Operating lease liabilities | | Long-term operating lease liabilities | | 471 | |
| Finance lease liabilities | | Other non-current liabilities | | 20 | |
| Total lease liabilities | | | | $ | 632 | |
| | | | |
Weighted Average Lease Term and a credit to Accumulated deficit of $9 million. See Note 1, "Basis of Presentation" in the "Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements" section for additional information.Discount Rate | | | | |
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years): | | | | |
| Operating leases | | | | 5.7 |
| Finance leases | | | | 3.2 |
| | | | |
| Weighted average discount rate: | | | | |
| Operating leases | | | | 5.2 | % |
| Finance leases | | | | 4.0 | % |
The impact
_______________
(a)Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $36 million.
As of September 30, 2019, maturities of lease liabilities by fiscal year were as compared to historicfollows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Maturity of Lease Liabilities | | Operating Leases | | Finance Leases | | Total |
| Remaining 2019 | | $ | 30 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 33 | |
| 2020 | | 162 | | | 12 | | | 174 | |
| 2021 | | 135 | | | 10 | | | 145 | |
| 2022 | | 109 | | | 6 | | | 115 | |
| 2023 | | 82 | | | 3 | | | 85 | |
| Thereafter | | 181 | | | — | | | 181 | |
| Total lease payments | | 699 | | | 34 | | | 733 | |
| Less: Interest | | 99 | | | 2 | | | 101 | |
| Present value of lease liabilities | | $ | 600 | | | $ | 32 | | | $ | 632 | |
As previously disclosed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K and under historical lease accounting guidance, under ASC Topic 605, was immaterialfuture minimum lease payments for noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| Year | | As of December 31, 2018 |
| 2019 | | $ | 165 | |
| 2020 | | 144 | |
| 2021 | | 120 | |
| 2022 | | 95 | |
| 2023 | | 79 | |
| Thereafter | | 196 | |
| Total | | $ | 799 | |
Supplemental income statement information related to the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementsleases is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended |
| Lease Costs | | September 30, 2019 | | September 30, 2019 |
| Operating lease costs | | $ | 42 | | | $ | 125 | |
| Finance lease costs: | | | | |
| Amortization of leased assets | | 3 | | | 10 | |
| Interest on lease liabilities | | — | | | 1 | |
| Other lease costs (a) | | 9 | | | 22 | |
| Impairment loss | | 3 | | | 5 | |
| Less: Sublease income, gross | | 1 | | | 2 | |
| Net lease cost | | $ | 56 | | | $ | 161 | |
_______________
(a)Primarily consists of variable lease costs.
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended |
| | September 30, 2019 |
| Supplemental cash flow information: | | |
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | | | $ | 127 | |
| Operating cash flows from finance leases | | | 1 | |
| Financing cash flows from finance leases | | | 11 | |
| | |
| Supplemental non-cash information: | | |
| Lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: | | | |
| Operating leases | | | $ | 88 | |
| Finance leases | | | 12 | |
Significant non-cash transactions included finance lease additions of and$11 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.2018, which resulted in non-cash additions to property and equipment, net and other non-current liabilities.
3. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services in accordance with the new revenue standard. The Company's revenue is disaggregated by major revenue categories on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and further disaggregated by business segment as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 vs September 30, 2017 (e) |
| | Real Estate
Franchise
Services | | Company
Owned
Brokerage
Services | | Relocation
Services | | Title and
Settlement
Services | | Corporate and Other | | Total
Company |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Gross commission income (a) | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,246 |
| | $ | 1,250 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,246 |
| | $ | 1,250 |
|
| Service revenue (b) | — |
| | — |
| | 3 |
| | 1 |
| | 107 |
| | 110 |
| | 158 |
| | 150 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 268 |
| | 261 |
|
| Franchise fees (c) | 189 |
| | 192 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (80 | ) | | (81 | ) | | 109 |
| | 111 |
|
| Other (d) | 32 |
| | 32 |
| | 19 |
| | 16 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | 4 |
| | 4 |
| | (3 | ) | | (1 | ) | | 53 |
| | 52 |
|
| Net revenues | $ | 221 |
| | $ | 224 |
| | $ | 1,268 |
| | $ | 1,267 |
| | $ | 108 |
| | $ | 111 |
| | $ | 162 |
| | $ | 154 |
| | $ | (83 | ) | | $ | (82 | ) | | $ | 1,676 |
| | $ | 1,674 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 vs September 30, 2017 (e) |
| | Real Estate
Franchise
Services | | Company
Owned
Brokerage
Services | | Relocation
Services | | Title and
Settlement
Services | | Corporate and Other | | Total
Company |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Gross commission income (a) | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 3,536 |
| | $ | 3,505 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 3,536 |
| | $ | 3,505 |
|
| Service revenue (b) | — |
| | — |
| | 7 |
| | 6 |
| | 289 |
| | 287 |
| | 432 |
| | 417 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 728 |
| | 710 |
|
| Franchise fees (c) | 531 |
| | 525 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (229 | ) | | (229 | ) | | 302 |
| | 296 |
|
| Other (d) | 103 |
| | 106 |
| | 50 |
| | 45 |
| | 3 |
| | 3 |
| | 12 |
| | 14 |
| | (9 | ) | | (9 | ) | | 159 |
| | 159 |
|
| Net revenues | $ | 634 |
| | $ | 631 |
| | $ | 3,593 |
| | $ | 3,556 |
| | $ | 292 |
| | $ | 290 |
| | $ | 444 |
| | $ | 431 |
| | $ | (238 | ) | | $ | (238 | ) | | $ | 4,725 |
| | $ | 4,670 |
|
_______________
| |
(a) | Approximately 75% of the Company's total net revenues related to gross commission income at the Company Owned Brokerage Services segment, which is recognized at a point in time at the closing of a homesale transaction. |
| |
(b) | Approximately 15% of the Company's total net revenues related to service fees primarily consisting of title and escrow fees at the Title and Settlement Services segment, which are recognized at a point in time at the closing of a homesale transaction, and relocation fees at the Relocation Services segment, which are recognized as revenue when or as the related performance obligation is satisfied, which is dependent on the type of service performed. Relocation fees at the Relocation Services segment primarily include: (i) referral fees which are recognized at a point in time of the closing of a homesale transaction, (ii) outsourcing fees, which are management fees charged to clients frequently related to a bundle of relocation services performed and are recognized over the average time period to complete a move, and (iii) referral commissions from third party suppliers which are recognized at the time of the completion of the related service.
|
| |
(c) | Approximately 5% of the Company's total net revenues related to franchise fees at the Real Estate Franchise Services segment, primarily domestic royalties, which are recognized at a point in time when the underlying franchisee revenue is earned (upon close of the homesale transaction). |
| |
(d) | Approximately 5% of the Company's total net revenues related to other revenue, which comprised of brand marketing funds received at the Real Estate Franchise Services segment from franchisees and other miscellaneous revenues across all of the business segments. |
| |
(e) | Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method. |
The Company's revenue streams are discussed further below by business segment:
Real Estate Franchise Services
The Company franchises its real estate brands to real estate brokerage businesses that are independently owned and operated. Franchise revenue principally consists of royalty and marketing fees from the Company’s franchisees. The royalty received is primarily based on a gross percentage (generally 6%) of the franchisee’s gross commission income. Royalty fees are accrued as the underlying franchisee revenue is earned (upon close of the homesale transaction). Annual volume incentives given to certain franchisees on royalty fees are recorded as a reduction to revenue and are accrued for in relative proportion to the recognition of the underlying gross franchise revenue. Non-standard sales incentives are recorded
as a reduction to revenue ratably over the related performance period or from the date of issuance through the remaining life of the related franchise agreement. Franchise revenue also includes domestic initial franchise fees which are generally non-refundable and recognized by the Company as revenue upon the execution or opening of a new franchisee office to cover the upfront costs associated with opening the franchisee for business under one of Realogy’s brands.
The Company also earns marketing fees from its franchisees and utilizes such fees to fund marketing campaigns on behalf of its franchisees. As such, brand marketing fund fees are recorded as deferred revenue when received and recognized into revenue as earned when these funds are spent on marketing activities. The balance for deferred brand marketing fund fees decreased from $13 million at January 1, 2018 to $8 million at September 30, 2018 primarily due to amounts recognized into revenue matching expenses for marketing activities, partially offset by additional fees received from franchisees during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
The Company collects initial ADFs for international territory transactions, which are recorded as deferred revenue when received and recognized into franchise revenue over the average 25 year life of the related franchise agreement as consideration for the right to access and benefit from Realogy’s brands. The balance for deferred ADFs decreased from $58 million at January 1, 2018 to $55 million at September 30, 2018 due to revenues of $4 million recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 that were included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period, partially offset by $1 million of additional area development fees received during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
In addition, the Company recognizes a deferred asset for commissions paid to Realogy franchise sales employees upon the sale of a new franchise as these are considered costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that are expected to provide benefits to the Company for longer than one year. The amount of commissions is calculated as a percentage of the anticipated gross commission income of the new franchisee or ADF and is amortized over 30 years for domestic franchise agreements or the agreement term for international franchise agreements (generally 25 years). The amount of prepaid commissions was $24 million at both January 1, 2018 and September 30, 2018.
Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services
As an owner-operator of real estate brokerages, the Company assists home buyers and sellers in listing, marketing, selling and finding homes. Real estate commissions earned by the Company’s real estate brokerage business are recorded as revenue at a point in time which is upon the closing of a real estate transaction (i.e., purchase or sale of a home). These revenues are referred to as gross commission income. The commissions the Company pays to real estate agents are recognized concurrently with associated revenues and presented as the commission and other agent-related costs line item on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company has relationships with developers, primarily in major cities, to provide marketing and brokerage services in new developments. New development closings generally have a development period of between 18 and 24 months from contracted date to closing. In some cases, the Company receives advanced commissions which are recorded as deferred revenue when received and recognized as revenue when the new development closes. The balance of advanced commissions related to developments was a liability of $10 million at both January 1, 2018 and September 30, 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the balance increased $5 million related to additional commissions received for new developments, offset by a $5 million decrease due to revenues recognized on units closed.
Relocation Services
The Company provides relocation services to corporate and government clients for the transfer of their employees ("transferees"). Such services include homesale assistance including the purchasing and/or selling of a transferee’s home and providing home equity advances to transferees (generally guaranteed by the individual's employer), arranging household goods moving services, and other relocation services such as expense processing, relocation policy counseling, relocation-related accounting, coordinating visa and immigration support, intercultural and language training and destination services. In the majority of relocation transactions, the gain or loss on the sale of a transferee’s home is generally borne by the individual's employer. Clients may pay an outsourcing management fee that can cover several of the relocation services listed above, according to the clients' specific needs. In addition, the Company provides home buying and selling assistance to members of Affinity organizations.
The Company earns referral commission revenue primarily from real estate brokers for the home sale and purchase for transferees and Affinity members, which is recognized at a point in time when the underlying property closes, and revenues from other third-party service providers where the Company earns a referral commission, which is recognized at the point in
time at the completion of services. Furthermore, the Company generally earns interest income on the funds it advances on behalf of the transferring employee, which is recorded within other revenue (as is the corresponding interest expense on the securitization obligations) in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company earns revenues from outsourcing management fees charged to clients for the performance and facilitation of relocation services. Outsourcing management fees are recorded as deferred revenue when billed (usually at the start of the relocation) and are recognized as revenue over the average time period required to complete the transferee's move, or a phase of the move that the fee covers, which is typically 3 to 6 months depending on the move type. The balance for outsourcing management fees was a liability of $5 million at both January 1, 2018 and September 30, 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the balance increased $48 million primarily related to additions due to new management fees billed on new relocation files in advance of the Company satisfying its performance obligation, offset by a $48 million decrease as a result of revenues recognized as the performance obligations were satisfied.
The Relocation Services segment manages the Cartus Broker Network, which is a network of real estate brokers consisting of our company owned brokerage operations, select franchisees and independent real estate brokers who have been approved to become members. Network fees are billed in the fourth quarter of the previous year for the following year's membership and recognized into revenue on a straight-line basis each month during the membership period. The balance for Cartus Broker Membership decreased from $8 million at January 1, 2018 to $3 million at September 30, 2018 primarily due to $7 million of revenues recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 that were included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period, partially offset by a $2 million increase related to new network fees.
Title and Settlement Services
The Company provides title and closing services, which include title search procedures for title insurance policies, homesale escrow and other closing services. Title revenues and title and closing service fees are recorded at a point in time which occurs at the time a homesale transaction or refinancing closes. The Company also owns an underwriter of title insurance. For unaffiliated agents, the underwriter recognizes policy premium revenue on a gross basis (before deduction of agent commission) upon notice of policy issuance from the agent. For affiliated title agents, the underwriter recognizes the incremental policy premium revenue upon the effective date of the title policy as the agent commission revenue is already recognized by the affiliated title agent.
Contract Balances (Deferred Revenue)
The following table shows the change in the Company's contract liabilities related to revenue contracts by reportable segment for the period:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |
| | Beginning Balance at January 1, 2018 | | Additions during the period | | Recognized as Revenue during the period | | Ending Balance at September 30, 2018 |
| Real Estate Franchise Services (a) | $ | 79 |
| | $ | 88 |
| | $ | (93 | ) | | $ | 74 |
|
| Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services | 17 |
| | 12 |
| | (14 | ) | | 15 |
|
| Relocation Services | 18 |
| | 66 |
| | (71 | ) | | 13 |
|
| Total | $ | 114 |
| | $ | 166 |
| | $ | (178 | ) | | $ | 102 |
|
_______________
| |
(a) | Revenues recognized include intercompany marketing fees paid by the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment. |
Goodwill by segment and changes in the carrying amount are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Real Estate Franchise Services | | Company Owned Brokerage Services | | Relocation Services | | Title and Settlement Services | | Total Company |
| Gross goodwill as of December 31, 2017 | $ | 3,315 |
| | $ | 1,062 |
| | $ | 641 |
| | $ | 478 |
| | $ | 5,496 |
|
| Accumulated impairment losses | (1,023 | ) | | (158 | ) | | (281 | ) | | (324 | ) | | (1,786 | ) |
| Balance at December 31, 2017 | 2,292 |
| | 904 |
| | 360 |
| | 154 |
| | 3,710 |
|
| Goodwill acquired (a) | — |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2 |
|
| Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 2,292 |
| | $ | 906 |
| | $ | 360 |
| | $ | 154 |
| | $ | 3,712 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Real Estate
Franchise
Services | | Company
Owned
Brokerage
Services | | Relocation
Services | | Title and
Settlement
Services | | Total
Company |
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 2,292 | | | $ | 906 | | | $ | 360 | | | $ | 154 | | | $ | 3,712 | |
| Goodwill acquired | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Impairment loss | — | | | | (180) | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (180) | |
| Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 2,292 | | | $ | 726 | | | $ | 360 | | | $ | 154 | | | $ | 3,532 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Accumulated impairment losses (a) | $ | 1,023 | | | | $ | 338 | | | | $ | 281 | | | | $ | 324 | | | | $ | 1,966 | |
_______________
| |
(a) | Goodwill acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 relates to the acquisition of three real estate brokerage operations. |
(a)Includes impairment charges which reduced goodwill by $180 million, $1,279 million and $507 million during the third quarter of 2019, fourth quarter of 2008 and fourth quarter of 2007, respectively.
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles are not amortized, but are subject to impairment testing. The testing compares carrying values to fair values and, when appropriate, the carrying value is reduced to fair value.
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company determined that the decrease in the stock price of the Company and the impact on future earnings related to the discontinuation of the USAA program qualified as triggering events for all of its reporting segments and accordingly the Company performed an impairment analysis of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of September 1, 2019.
As a result of the interim impairment test, the Company recognized a goodwill impairment charge totaling $180 million related to the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment. The results of the Company's interim impairment test indicated no other impairment charges were required for the other reporting segments or indefinite-lived intangibles. Management evaluated the effect of lowering the estimated fair value for each of the passing reporting units by 10% and determined no impairment of goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets would have been recognized under this evaluation.
The Company estimated the fair value of each reporting unit using the income approach, utilizing long-term cash flow forecasts adjusted for terminal value assumptions. We determine the fair value of our reporting segments utilizing our best estimate of future revenues, operating expenses including commission expense, cash flows, market and general economic conditions, trends in the industry, as well as assumptions that we believe marketplace participants would utilize including discount rates, cost of capital, trademark royalty rates, and long-term growth rates. The trademark royalty rate was determined by reviewing similar trademark agreements with third parties. Although we believe our assumptions are reasonable, actual results may vary significantly. These impairment tests involve the use of accounting estimates and assumptions, changes in which could materially impact our financial condition or operating performance if actual results differ from such estimates and assumptions. To address this uncertainty, we perform a sensitivity analysis on key estimates and assumptions.
Intangible assets are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, 2019 | | | | | | As of December 31, 2018 | | | | |
| | Gross
Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net
Carrying
Amount | | Gross
Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net
Carrying
Amount |
| Amortizable—Franchise agreements (a) | $ | 2,019 | | | $ | 843 | | | $ | 1,176 | | | $ | 2,019 | | | $ | 792 | | | $ | 1,227 | |
| Indefinite life—Trademarks (b) | $ | 749 | | | | | $ | 749 | | | $ | 749 | | | | | $ | 749 | |
| Other Intangibles | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Amortizable—License agreements (c) | $ | 45 | | | $ | 12 | | | $ | 33 | | | $ | 45 | | | $ | 11 | | | $ | 34 | |
| Amortizable—Customer relationships (d) | 549 | | | 376 | | | 173 | | | 549 | | | 359 | | | 190 | |
| Indefinite life—Title plant shares (e) | 19 | | | | | 19 | | | 18 | | | | | 18 | |
| Amortizable—Other (f) | 30 | | | 23 | | | 7 | | | 33 | | | 21 | | | 12 | |
| Total Other Intangibles | $ | 643 | | | $ | 411 | | | $ | 232 | | | $ | 645 | | | $ | 391 | | | $ | 254 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, 2018 | | As of December 31, 2017 |
| | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount |
| Amortizable—Franchise agreements (a) | $ | 2,019 |
| | $ | 776 |
| | $ | 1,243 |
| | $ | 2,019 |
| | $ | 725 |
| | $ | 1,294 |
|
| Indefinite life—Trademarks (b) | $ | 749 |
| | | | $ | 749 |
| | $ | 749 |
| | | | $ | 749 |
|
| Other Intangibles | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Amortizable—License agreements (c) | $ | 45 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | $ | 34 |
| | $ | 45 |
| | $ | 10 |
| | $ | 35 |
|
| Amortizable—Customer relationships (d) | 549 |
| | 352 |
| | 197 |
| | 549 |
| | 335 |
| | 214 |
|
| Indefinite life—Title plant shares (e) | 18 |
| | | | 18 |
| | 18 |
| | | | 18 |
|
| Amortizable—Pendings and listings (f) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
|
| Amortizable—Other (g) | 32 |
| | 20 |
| | 12 |
| | 33 |
| | 17 |
| | 16 |
|
| Total Other Intangibles | $ | 644 |
| | $ | 383 |
| | $ | 261 |
| | $ | 647 |
| | $ | 363 |
| | $ | 284 |
|
_______________
| |
(a) | Generally amortized over a period of 30 years. |
| |
(b) | Primarily relates to the Century 21®, Coldwell Banker®, ERA®, Corcoran®, Coldwell Banker Commercial® and Cartus tradenames, which are expected to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time.(a)Generally amortized over a period of 30 years. (b)Primarily related to real estate franchise brands and Cartus tradenames, which are expected to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time. (c)Relates to the Sotheby’s International Realty® and Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate agreements which are being amortized over 50 years (the contractual term of the license agreements). (d)Relates to the customer relationships at the Relocation Services segment, the Title and Settlement Services segment and our Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment. These relationships are being amortized over a period of 2 to 20 years. (e)Ownership in a title plant is required to transact title insurance in certain states. The Company expects to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time. (f)Consists of covenants not to compete which are amortized over their contract lives and other intangibles which are generally amortized over periods ranging from 5 to 10 years. |
| |
(c) | Relates to the Sotheby’s International Realty® and Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate agreements which are being amortized over 50 years (the contractual term of the license agreements).
|
| |
(d) | Relates to the customer relationships at the Relocation Services segment, the Title and Settlement Services segment and our Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment. These relationships are being amortized over a period of 2 to 20 years. |
| |
(e) | Ownership in a title plant is required to transact title insurance in certain states. The Company expects to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time. |
| |
(f) | Generally amortized over a period of 5 months. |
| |
(g) | Consists of covenants not to compete which are amortized over their contract lives and other intangibles which are generally amortized over periods ranging from 5 to 10 years. |
Intangible asset amortization expense is as follows:
| | | | Three Months Ended
September 30, | | Nine Months Ended
September 30, | | Three Months Ended
September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended
September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Franchise agreements | $ | 17 |
| | $ | 16 |
| | $ | 51 |
| | $ | 50 |
| Franchise agreements | $ | 17 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 51 | | | $ | 51 | |
| License agreements | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
| License agreements | 1 | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Customer relationships | 5 |
| | 5 |
| | 17 |
| | 18 |
| Customer relationships | 5 | | | 5 | | | 17 | | | 17 | |
| Pendings and listings | — |
| | 2 |
| | 1 |
| | 3 |
| |
| Other | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | 3 |
| | 4 |
| Other | 2 | | | 1 | | | 4 | | | 4 | |
| Total | $ | 24 |
| | $ | 25 |
| | $ | 73 |
| | $ | 76 |
| Total | $ | 25 | | | $ | 24 | | | $ | 73 | | | $ | 73 | |
Based on the Company’s amortizable intangible assets as of September 30, 2018,2019, the Company expects related amortization expense for the remainder of 2018,2019, the four4 succeeding years and thereafter to be approximately $25 million, $97$24 million, $95 million, $93 million, $92 million, $91 million and $1,084$994 million, respectively.
4. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
19
| |
4. | ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2019 | | December 31, 2018 |
| Accrued payroll and related employee costs | $ | 107 | | | $ | 118 | |
| Accrued volume incentives | 32 | | | 37 | |
| Accrued commissions | 38 | | | 30 | |
| Restructuring accruals | 11 | | | 15 | |
| Deferred income | 53 | | | 59 | |
| Accrued interest | 46 | | | 15 | |
| Current portion of finance/capital lease liabilities | 12 | | | 12 | |
| Due to former parent | 18 | | | 21 | |
| Other | 95 | | | 94 | |
| Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 412 | | | $ | 401 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 |
| Accrued payroll and related employee costs | $ | 106 |
| | $ | 140 |
|
| Accrued volume incentives | 34 |
| | 41 |
|
| Accrued commissions | 36 |
| | 38 |
|
| Restructuring accruals | 11 |
| | 5 |
|
| Deferred income | 60 |
| | 68 |
|
| Accrued interest | 34 |
| | 13 |
|
| Contingent consideration for acquisitions | 7 |
| | 26 |
|
| Due to former parent | 18 |
| | 18 |
|
| Other | 89 |
| | 129 |
|
| Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 395 |
| | $ | 478 |
|
5. SHORT AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Total indebtedness is as follows:
| | | | September 30, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 | | September 30, 2019 | | December 31, 2018 |
| Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | | Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | |
| Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 250 |
| | $ | 70 |
| Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 265 | | | $ | 270 | |
| Term Loan B | 1,056 |
| | 1,063 |
| Term Loan B | 1,047 | | | 1,053 | |
| Term Loan A Facility: | | | | Term Loan A Facility: | |
| Term Loan A | 736 |
| | 390 |
| Term Loan A | 718 | | | 732 | |
| Term Loan A-1 | — |
| | 339 |
| |
| 4.50% Senior Notes | 447 |
| | 444 |
| 4.50% Senior Notes | — | | | 449 | |
| 5.25% Senior Notes | 547 |
| | 546 |
| 5.25% Senior Notes | 548 | | | 547 | |
| 4.875% Senior Notes | 497 |
| | 496 |
| 4.875% Senior Notes | 405 | | | 497 | |
| 9.375% Senior Notes | | 9.375% Senior Notes | 542 | | | — | |
| Total Short-Term & Long-Term Debt | $ | 3,533 |
| | $ | 3,348 |
| Total Short-Term & Long-Term Debt | $ | 3,525 | | | $ | 3,548 | |
| Securitization Obligations: | | | | Securitization Obligations: | | | |
| Apple Ridge Funding LLC | $ | 250 |
| | $ | 181 |
| Apple Ridge Funding LLC | $ | 216 | | | $ | 218 | |
| Cartus Financing Limited | 14 |
| | 13 |
| Cartus Financing Limited | 12 | | | 13 | |
| Total Securitization Obligations | $ | 264 |
| | $ | 194 |
| Total Securitization Obligations | $ | 228 | | | $ | 231 | |
Indebtedness Table
As of September 30, 2018,2019, the Company’s borrowing arrangements were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest
Rate | | Expiration
Date | | Principal Amount | | Unamortized Discount and Debt Issuance Costs | | Net Amount |
| Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | | | | | | | |
| Revolving Credit Facility (1) | (2) | | | February 2023 | | $ | 265 | | | $ * | | | $ | 265 | |
| Term Loan B | (3) | | | February 2025 | | 1,061 | | | 14 | | | 1,047 | |
| Term Loan A Facility: | | | | | | | | | |
| Term Loan A | (4) | | | February 2023 | | 722 | | | 4 | | | 718 | |
| Senior Notes | 5.25% | | | December 2021 | | 550 | | | 2 | | | 548 | |
| Senior Notes | 4.875% | | | June 2023 | | 407 | | | 2 | | | 405 | |
| Senior Notes | 9.375% | | | April 2027 | | 550 | | | 8 | | | 542 | |
| Securitization obligations: (5) | | | | | | | | | |
| Apple Ridge Funding LLC (6) | | | June 2020 | | 216 | | | * | | | 216 | |
| Cartus Financing Limited (7) | | | August 2020 | | 12 | | | * | | | 12 | |
| Total (8) | | | | | $ | 3,783 | | | $ | 30 | | | $ | 3,753 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Interest
Rate | | Expiration
Date | | Principal Amount | | Unamortized Discount and Debt Issuance Costs | | Net Amount |
| Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | | | | | | | |
| Revolving Credit Facility (1) | (2) | | February 2023 | | $ | 250 |
| | $ * |
| | $ | 250 |
|
| Term Loan B | (3) | | February 2025 | | 1,072 |
| | 16 |
| | 1,056 |
|
| Term Loan A Facility: | | | | | | | | | |
| Term Loan A | (4) | | February 2023 | | 741 |
| | 5 |
| | 736 |
|
| Senior Notes | 4.50% | | April 2019 | | 450 |
| | 3 |
| | 447 |
|
| Senior Notes | 5.25% | | December 2021 | | 550 |
| | 3 |
| | 547 |
|
| Senior Notes | 4.875% | | June 2023 | | 500 |
| | 3 |
| | 497 |
|
| Securitization obligations: (5) | | | | | | | | | |
| Apple Ridge Funding LLC (6) | | | June 2019 | | 250 |
| | * |
| | 250 |
|
| Cartus Financing Limited (7) | | | August 2019 | | 14 |
| | * |
| | 14 |
|
| Total (8) | $ | 3,827 |
| | $ | 30 |
| | $ | 3,797 |
|
*The debt issuance costs related to our Revolving Credit Facility and securitization obligations are classified as a deferred financing asset within other assets.
(1)As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $1,425 million of borrowing capacity under its Revolving Credit Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility expires in February 2023 but is classified on the balance sheet as current due to the revolving nature and terms and conditions of the facility. On November 5, 2019, the Company had $255 million in outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and $27 million of outstanding letters of credit.
(2)Interest rates with respect to revolving loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facility at September 30, 2019 were based on, at the Company's option, (a) adjusted London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR") plus an additional margin or (b) JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.'s prime rate ("ABR") plus an additional margin, in each case subject to adjustment based on the then current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the previous quarter's senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin was 2.25% and the ABR margin was 1.25% for the three months ended September 30, 2019.
(3)The Term Loan B provides for quarterly amortization payments totaling 1% per annum of the original principal amount. The interest rate with respect to term loans under the Term Loan B is based on, at the Company’s option, (a) adjusted LIBOR plus 2.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%) or (b) ABR plus 1.25% (with an ABR floor of 1.75%).
(4)The Term Loan A provides for quarterly amortization payments, which commenced on June 30, 2018, totaling per annum 2.5%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A, with the balance of the Term Loan A due at maturity on February 8, 2023. The interest rates with respect to the Term Loan A are based on, at the Company's option, (a) adjusted LIBOR plus an additional margin or (b) ABR plus an additional margin, in each case subject to adjustment based on the then current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the previous quarter's senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin was 2.25% and the ABR margin was 1.25% for the three months ended September 30, 2019.
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* | The debt issuance costs related to our Revolving Credit Facility and securitization obligations are classified as a deferred financing asset within other assets. |
(5)Available capacity is subject to maintaining sufficient relocation related assets to collateralize these securitization obligations.
(6)As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $250 million of borrowing capacity under the Apple Ridge Funding LLC securitization program leaving $34 million of available capacity.
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(1) | As of September 30, 2018, the Company had $1,400 million of borrowing capacity under its Revolving Credit Facility, with $1,150 million of available capacity. The Revolving Credit Facility expires in February 2023 but is classified on the balance sheet as current due to the revolving nature of the facility. On October 31, 2018, the Company had $253 million in outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, leaving $1,147 million of available capacity. |
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(2) | Interest rates with respect to revolving loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facility at September 30, 2018 were based on, at the Company's option, (a) adjusted London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR") plus an additional margin or (b) JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.'s prime rate ("ABR") plus an additional margin, in each case subject to adjustment based on the then current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the previous quarter senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin was 2.25% and the ABR margin was 1.25% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. |
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(3) | The Term Loan B provides for quarterly amortization payments totaling 1% per annum of the original principal amount. The interest rate with respect to term loans under the Term Loan B is based on, at the Company’s option, (a) adjusted LIBOR plus 2.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%) or (b) ABR plus 1.25% (with an ABR floor of 1.75%).(7)Consists of a £10 million revolving loan facility and a £5 million working capital facility. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $18 million of borrowing capacity under the Cartus Financing Limited securitization program leaving $6 million of available capacity. In August 2019, Realogy Group extended the existing Cartus Financing Limited securitization program to August 2020. (8)Not included in this table is the Company's Unsecured Letter of Credit Facility which had a capacity of $66 million with $56 million utilized at a weighted average rate of 3.33% at September 30, 2019. |
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(4) | The Term Loan A provides for quarterly amortization payments, which commenced on June 30, 2018, totaling per annum 2.5%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A, with the balance of the Term Loan A due at maturity on February 8, 2023. The interest rates with respect to the Term Loan A are based on, at the Company's option, (a) adjusted LIBOR plus an additional margin or (b) ABR plus an additional margin, in each case subject to adjustment based on the then current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the previous quarter senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin was 2.25% and the ABR margin was 1.25% for the three months ended September 30, 2018.
|
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(5) | Available capacity is subject to maintaining sufficient relocation related assets to collateralize these securitization obligations. |
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(6) | As of September 30, 2018, the Company utilized the full borrowing capacity of $250 million under the Apple Ridge Funding LLC securitization program. |
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(7) | Consists of a £10 million revolving loan facility and a £5 million working capital facility. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had $20 million of borrowing capacity under the Cartus Financing Limited securitization program leaving $6 million of available capacity. In August 2018, Realogy Group extended the existing Cartus Financing Limited securitization program to August 2019.
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(8) | Not included in this table is the Company's Unsecured Letter of Credit Facility which had a capacity of $66 million with $64 million utilized at a weighted average rate of 3.33% at September 30, 2018. |
Maturities Table
As of September 30, 2018,2019, the combined aggregate amount of maturities for long-term borrowings, excluding securitization obligations, for the remainder of 20182019 and each of the next four years is as follows:
| | | Year | | Amount | Year | | Amount | |
| Remaining 2018 (a) | | $ | 257 |
| |
| 2019 | | 480 |
| |
| Remaining 2019 (a) | | Remaining 2019 (a) | | $ | 273 | |
| 2020 | | 44 |
| 2020 | | 44 | |
| 2021 | | 612 |
| 2021 | | 612 | |
| 2022 | | 81 |
| 2022 | | 81 | |
| 2023 | | 2023 | | 981 | |
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(a) | Remaining 2018 includes amortization payments totaling $4(a)Remaining 2019 includes amortization payments totaling $5 million and $3 million for the Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities, respectively, as well as $265 million and $3 million for the Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities, respectively, as well as $250 million of revolver borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility which expires in February 2023 but is classified on the balance sheet as current due to the revolving nature of the facility. The current portion of long term debt of $727 million shown on the condensed consolidated balance sheet consists of $447 million of 4.50% Senior Notes due April 2019, four quarters of amortization payments totaling $19 million and $11 million for the Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities, respectively, and $250 million of revolver borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. The Company is evaluating different alternatives to repay the 4.50% Senior Notes due in April 2019 including refinancing or using existing available liquidity. |
revolver borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility which expires in February 2023 but is classified on the balance sheet as current due to the revolving nature and terms and conditions of the facility. The current portion of long-term debt of $304 million shown on the condensed consolidated balance sheet consists of four quarters of amortization payments totaling $28 million and $11 million for the Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities, respectively, and $265 million of revolver borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.
Senior Secured Credit Facility
In February 2018, the CompanyRealogy Group entered into fifth and sixth amendments to the Amended and Restated Senior Secured Credit Agreement dated as of March 5, 2013 (as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time, the "Senior Secured Credit Agreement") that respectively (i) replaced the approximately $1,100 million Term Loan B due July 2022 with a new $1,080 million Term Loan B due February 2025 and (ii) increased the borrowing capacity under its Revolving Credit Facility to $1,400 million from the prior $1,050 million and extended the maturity date to February 2023 from October 2020.
On March 27, 2019, Realogy Group entered into an incremental assumption agreement to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement that provided for an incremental revolving facility commitment of $25 million, increasing the borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility to $1,425 million.
The Senior Secured Credit Agreement provides for:
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(a) | the Term Loan B issued in the original aggregate principal amount of $1,080 million with a maturity date of February 2025. The Term Loan B has quarterly amortization payments totaling 1% per annum of the initial aggregate principal amount. The interest rate with respect to term loans under the Term Loan B is based on, at Realogy Group's option, adjusted LIBOR plus 2.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%) or ABR plus 1.25% (with an ABR floor of 1.75%); and |
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(b) | a $1,400 million Revolving Credit Facility with a maturity date of February 2023, which includes a $125 million letter of credit subfacility. The interest rate with respect to revolving loans under the Revolving Credit Facility is based on, at Realogy Group's option, adjusted LIBOR or ABR plus an additional margin subject to the following adjustments based on the Company’s then current senior secured leverage ratio: |
(a)the Term Loan B issued in the original aggregate principal amount of $1,080 million with a maturity date of February 2025. The Term Loan B has quarterly amortization payments totaling 1% per annum of the initial aggregate principal amount. The interest rate with respect to term loans under the Term Loan B is based on, at Realogy Group's option, adjusted LIBOR plus 2.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%) or ABR plus 1.25% (with an ABR floor of 1.75%); and
(b)a $1,425 million Revolving Credit Facility with a maturity date of February 2023, which includes a $125 million letter of credit subfacility. The interest rate with respect to revolving loans under the Revolving Credit Facility is based on, at Realogy Group's option, adjusted LIBOR or ABR plus an additional margin subject to the following adjustments based on the Company’s then current senior secured leverage ratio:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Senior Secured Leverage Ratio | | Applicable LIBOR Margin | | Applicable ABR Margin |
| Greater than 3.50 to 1.00 | | 2.50% | | | 1.50% | |
| Less than or equal to 3.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 | | 2.25% | | | 1.25% | |
| Less than 2.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.00 to 1.00 | | 2.00% | | | 1.00% | |
| Less than 2.00 to 1.00 | | 1.75% | | | 0.75% | |
The Senior Secured Credit Agreement permits the Company to obtain up to $500 million of additional credit facilities on a combined basis with the Term Loan A Agreement (less any amounts previously incurred under this provision) from lenders reasonably satisfactory to the administrative agent and us, without the consent of the existing lenders under the new senior secured credit facility, plus an unlimited amount if Realogy Group's senior secured leverage ratio is less than 3.50 to 1.00 on a pro forma basis. Subject to certain restrictions, the Senior Secured Credit Agreement also permits usthe Company to issue senior secured or unsecured notes in lieu of any incremental facility.
The obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Agreement are secured to the extent legally permissible by substantially all of the assets of Realogy Group, Realogy Intermediate and all of their domestic subsidiaries, other than certain excluded subsidiaries.
Realogy Group’s Senior Secured Credit Agreement contains financial, affirmative and negative covenants and requires Realogy Group to maintain (so long as the Revolving Credit Facility is outstanding) a senior secured leverage ratio, not to exceed 4.75 to 1.00.1.00. The leverage ratio is tested quarterly regardless of the amount of borrowings outstanding and letters of credit issued under the revolverRevolving Credit Facility at the testing date. Total senior secured net debt does not include unsecured indebtedness, including the Unsecured Notes as well as the securitization obligations. At September 30, 2018,2019, Realogy Group was in compliance with the senior secured leverage ratio covenant.
Term Loan A Facility
In February 2018, Realogy Group entered into a second amendment to the Term Loan A senior secured credit agreement.Agreement. Under the amendment, the Company aggregated the existing $435 million Term Loan A and $355 million Term Loan A-1 tranches due October 2020 and July 2021, respectively, into a new single tranche of $750 million Term Loan A due February 2023. The Term Loan A provides for quarterly amortization payments totaling per annum 2.5%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A, which commencecommenced on June 30, 2018 and continue through February 8, 2023. The interest rates with respect to the Term Loan A are based on, at our option, adjusted LIBOR or ABR plus an additional margin subject to the following adjustments based on the Company’s then current senior secured leverage ratio:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Senior Secured Leverage Ratio | | Applicable LIBOR Margin | | Applicable ABR Margin |
| Greater than 3.50 to 1.00 | | 2.50% | | | 1.50% | |
| Less than or equal to 3.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 | | 2.25% | | | 1.25% | |
| Less than 2.50 to 1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.00 to 1.00 | | 2.00% | | | 1.00% | |
| Less than 2.00 to 1.00 | | 1.75% | | | 0.75% | |
Consistent with the Senior Secured Credit Agreement, the Term Loan A FacilityAgreement permits the Company to obtain up to $500 million of additional credit facilities on a combined basis with the Senior Secured Credit Agreement (less any amounts previously incurred under this provision) from lenders reasonably satisfactory to the administrative agent and the Company, without the consent of the existing lenders under the Term Loan A, plus an unlimited amount if the Company's senior secured leverage ratio is less than 3.50 to 1.00 on a pro forma basis. Subject to certain restrictions, the Term Loan A Facility also permits usthe Company to issue senior secured or unsecured notes in lieu of any incremental facility. The Term Loan A Agreement contains negative covenants consistent with those included in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement.
Unsecured Notes
TheIn February 2019, the Company used borrowings under its Revolving Credit Facility and cash on hand to fund the redemption of all of its outstanding $450 million 4.50% Senior Notes. In March 2019, the Company issued $550 million of 9.375% Senior Notes due in April 2027. The Company used $540 million of the net proceeds to repay a portion of outstanding borrowings under its Revolving Credit Facility.
During the third quarter of 2019, Realogy Group used cash on hand to repurchase $93 million of its 4.875% Senior Notes in open market purchases at an aggregate purchase price of $83 million, plus accrued interest to the repurchase date. In conjunction with the repurchase, the Company recorded a gain on the early extinguishment of debt of $10 million.
The 5.25% Senior Notes, 4.875% Senior Notes and 4.875%the 9.375% Senior Notes (collectively the "Unsecured Notes") are unsecured senior obligations of Realogy Group that mature on April 15, 2019, December 1, 2021, and June 1, 2023 and April 1, 2027, respectively. Interest on the Unsecured Notes is payable each year semiannually on April 15 and October 15 for the 4.50% Senior Notes and June 1 and December 1 for both the 5.25% Senior Notes and 4.875% Senior Notes, and April 1 and October 1 for the 9.375% Senior Notes.
The Unsecured Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by each domestic subsidiary of Realogy Group that is a guarantor under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and Realogy Group's outstanding debt securities and are guaranteed by Realogy Holdings on an unsecured senior subordinated basis.
The indentures governing the Unsecured Notes contain affirmative andvarious negative covenants that limit Realogy Group's and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to take certain actions, which covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications. These covenants include limitations on Realogy Group's and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to (a) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness, or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock, (b) pay dividends or make distributions to their stockholders, (c) repurchase or redeem capital stock, (d) make investments or acquisitions, (e) incur restrictions on the ability of certain of their subsidiaries to pay dividends or to make other payments to Realogy Group, (f) enter into transactions with affiliates, (g) create liens, (h) merge or consolidate with other companies or transfer all or substantially all of their assets, (i) transfer or sell assets, including capital stock of subsidiaries and (j) prepay, redeem or repurchase debt that is subordinated in right of payment to the subsidiary guarantors.Unsecured Notes.
The covenants in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes are substantially similar to the covenants in the indentures governing the other Unsecured Notes, with certain exceptions, including several changes relating to Realogy Group’s ability to make restricted payments, and, in particular, its ability to repurchase shares and pay dividends. Specifically, (a) the cumulative credit basket for restricted payments (i) was reset to 0 and builds from January 1, 2019, (ii) builds at 25% of Consolidated Net Income (as defined in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes) when the consolidated leverage ratio (as defined below) is equal to or greater than 4.0 to 1.0 (and 50% of Consolidated Net Income when it is less than 4.0 to 1.0) and, consistent with the indentures governing the other Unsecured Notes, is reduced by 100% of the deficit when Consolidated Net Income is a deficit and (iii) may not be used when the consolidated leverage ratio is equal to or greater than 4.0 to 1.0; (b) the $100 million general restricted payment basket may be used only for Restricted Investments (as defined in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes); (c) the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes requires the consolidated leverage ratio to be less than 3.0 to 1.0 to use the unlimited general restricted payment basket (which payments will reduce the cumulative credit basket, but not below zero); and (d) the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes contains a new restricted payment basket that may be used for up to $45 million of dividends per calendar year.
The consolidated leverage ratio is measured by dividing Realogy Group's total net debt by the trailing four quarters EBITDA. EBITDA, as defined in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes, is substantially similar to EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as those terms are defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement. Net debt under the indenture is Realogy Group's total indebtedness (excluding securitizations) less (i) its cash and cash equivalents in excess of restricted cash and (ii) a $200 million seasonality adjustment permitted when measuring the ratio on a date during the period of March 1 to May 31.
Other Debt Facilities
The Company has an Unsecured Letter of Credit Facility to provide for the issuance of letters of credit required for general corporate purposes by the Company.Company which expires in December 2019. At September 30, 2018,2019, the capacity of the facility was $66 million, which expires in December 2019. Atwith $56 million being utilized and at December 31, 2017,2018, the capacity was $74$66 million, however $8with $63 million of capacity under the facility expired in September 2018. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company utilized $64 million and $69 million of the capacity, respectively.being utilized.
The fixed pricing to the Company is based on a spread above the credit default swap rate for senior unsecured debt obligations of the Company over the applicable letter of credit period. Realogy Group's obligations under the Unsecured Letter of Credit Facility are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by each domestic subsidiary of Realogy Group that is a guarantor under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and Realogy Group's outstanding debt securities.
Securitization Obligations
Realogy Group has secured obligations through Apple Ridge Funding LLC under a securitization program.program which expires in June 2020. As of September 30, 2018,2019, the Company utilized the fullhad $250 million of borrowing capacity of $250 million under the Apple Ridge Funding LLC securitization program.program with $216 million being utilized.
Realogy Group, through a special purpose entity known as Cartus Financing Limited, has agreements providing for a £10 million revolving loan facility and a £5 million working capital facility. In August 2018,2019, Realogy Group extended the existing Cartus Financing Limited securitization program to August 2019.2020. As of September 30, 2018,2019, there were $14$12 million of outstanding borrowings onunder the facilities. These Cartus Financing Limited facilities are secured by the relocation assets of a U.K. government contract in this special purpose entity and are therefore classified as permitted securitization financings as defined in Realogy Group’s Senior Secured Credit FacilityAgreement and the indentures governing the Unsecured Notes.
The Apple Ridge entities and the Cartus Financing Limited entity are consolidated special purpose entities that are utilized to securitize relocation receivables and related assets. These assets are generated from advancing funds on behalf of clients of Realogy Group’s relocation business in order to facilitate the relocation of their employees. Assets of these special purpose entities are not available to pay Realogy Group’s general obligations. Under the Apple Ridge program, provided no termination or amortization event has occurred, any new receivables generated under the designated relocation management agreements are sold into the securitization program and as new eligible relocation management agreements are entered into, the new agreements are designated to the program. The Apple Ridge program has restrictive covenants and trigger events, including performance triggers linked to the age and quality of the underlying assets, foreign obligor limits, multicurrency
limits, financial reporting requirements, restrictions on mergers and change of control, any uncured breach of Realogy Group’s senior secured leverage ratio under Realogy Group’s Senior Secured Credit Facility, and cross-defaults to Realogy Group’s material indebtedness. The occurrence of a trigger event under the Apple Ridge securitization facility could restrict our ability to access new or existing funding under this facility or result in termination of the facility, either of which would adversely affect the operation of our relocation business.
Certain of the funds that Realogy Group receives from relocation receivables and related assets must be utilized to repay securitization obligations. These obligations were collateralized by $336$271 million and $218$238 million of underlying relocation receivables and other related relocation assets at September 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, respectively. Substantially all relocation related assets are realized in less than twelve months from the transaction date. Accordingly, all of Realogy Group’s securitization obligations are classified as current in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Interest incurred in connection with borrowings under these facilities amounted to $2 million for both the three months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, and $6 million and $5 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017, respectively. 2018. This interest is recorded within net revenues in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as related borrowings are utilized to fund Realogy Group's relocation business where interest is generally earned on such assets. These securitization obligations represent floating rate debt for which the average weighted interest rate was 3.7%4.3% and 3.3%3.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively.
Gain/Loss on the Early Extinguishment of Debt and Write-Off of Financing Costs
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a gain on the early extinguishment of debt of $5 million which consisted of a $10 million gain as a result of the repurchase of $93 million of its 4.875% Senior Notes during the third quarter of 2019, partially offset by a $5 million loss as a result of the refinancing transactions in the first quarter of 2019.
As a result of the refinancing transactions in February 2018, the Company recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $7 million and wrote off financing costs of $2 million to interest expense during the first nine months of 2018.
As a result of the refinancing transaction in January 2017 and a reduction of the Unsecured Letter of Credit Facility in September of 2017, the Company recorded losses on the early extinguishment of debt of $5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.2018.
6. RESTRUCTURING COSTS
Restructuring charges were $11 million and $32 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $9 million and $45 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $2 million and $9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The components of the restructuring charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20182019 and 20172018 were as follows:
| | | | Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Personnel-related costs (1) | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 20 |
| | $ | 7 |
| Personnel-related costs (1) | $ | 4 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 20 | | | $ | 20 | |
| Facility-related costs (2) | 3 |
| | — |
| | 15 |
| | 1 |
| Facility-related costs (2) | 6 | | | 3 | | | 11 | | | 15 | |
| Internal use software impairment (3) | 3 |
| | — |
| | 10 |
| | — |
| Internal use software impairment (3) | — | | | 3 | | | — | | | 10 | |
| Other restructuring costs (4) | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| Other restructuring costs (4) | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | |
| Total restructuring charges (5) | $ | 9 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 45 |
| | $ | 9 |
| Total restructuring charges (5) | $ | 11 | | | $ | 9 | | | $ | 32 | | | $ | 45 | |
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(1) | Personnel-related costs consist of severance costs provided to employees who have been terminated and duplicate payroll costs during transition. |
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(2) | Facility-related costs consist of costs associated with planned facility closures such as contract termination costs, lease payments, net of applicable sublease income, that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the Company, accelerated depreciation on asset disposals and other facility and employee relocation related costs. |
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(3) | Internal use software impairment relates to development costs capitalized for a project that was determined to not meet the Company's strategic goals when analyzed by the Company's new leadership team. $7 million was recognized during the first quarter of 2018 and an additional $3 million was recognized during the third quarter of 2018. |
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(4) | Other restructuring costs consist of costs related to professional fees, consulting fees and other costs associated with restructuring activities which are primarily included in the Corporate and Other business segment. |
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(5) | (1)Personnel-related costs consist of severance costs provided to employees who have been terminated and duplicate payroll costs during transition. (2)Facility-related costs consist of costs associated with planned facility closures such as contract termination costs, amortization of lease assets that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the Company, accelerated depreciation on asset disposals and other facility and employee relocation related costs. (3)Internal use software impairment relates to development costs capitalized for a project that was determined to not meet the Company's strategic goals when analyzed by the Company's new leadership team. (4)Other restructuring costs consist of costs related to professional fees, consulting fees and other costs associated with restructuring activities which are primarily included in the Corporate and Other business segment. (5)The three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 include $10 million and $28 million, respectively, of expense related to the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program and $1 million and $4 million, respectively, of expense related to prior restructuring programs. Restructuring charges for three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 relate to prior restructuring programs. Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, the Company commenced the implementation of a plan to accelerate its office consolidation to reduce storefront costs, as well as institute other operational efficiencies to drive profitability. In addition, the Company commenced a plan to transform and centralize certain aspects of the operational support and drive changes in how it serves its affiliated independent sales agents from a marketing and technology perspective to help such agents be more productive and enable them to make their businesses more profitable. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company expanded its operational efficiencies program to focus on workforce optimization. This workforce optimization initiative is focused on consolidating similar or overlapping roles, reducing the number of hierarchical layers and streamlining work and decision making. Separately, the Company also reduced headcount in the third quarter in connection with the wind down of a former affinity program. The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending reserve balances related to the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Personnel-related costs | | | Facility-related costs (1) | | | Other restructuring costs | | | Total | | Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | Restructuring charges | 17 | | | 10 | | | 1 | | | 28 | | | Costs paid or otherwise settled | (14) | | | (6) | | | (1) | | | (21) | | | Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 3 | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7 | |
_______________ (1)In addition, the Company incurred an additional $5 million related to lease asset impairments in connection with the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes $9 million and $43 million, respectively, of expense related to the Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities program and zero and $2 million, respectively, of expense related to the Business Optimization Initiative program.
|
The following table shows the total costs currently expected to be incurred by type of cost related to the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total amount expected to be incurred | | Amount incurred
through
September 30, 2019 | | Total amount remaining to be incurred |
| Personnel-related costs | $ | 24 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 7 | |
| Facility-related costs (1) | 41 | | | 10 | | | 31 | |
| Other restructuring costs | 1 | | | 1 | | | — | |
| Total | $ | 66 | | | $ | 28 | | | $ | 38 | |
_______________
(1)Facility-related costs includes lease asset impairments expected to be incurred under the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program.
The following table shows the total costs currently expected to be incurred by reportable segment related to the Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total amount expected to be incurred | | Amount incurred through
September 30, 2019 | | Total amount remaining to be incurred |
| Real Estate Franchise Services | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 3 | |
| Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services | 47 | | | 17 | | | 30 | |
| Relocation Services | 5 | | | 5 | | | — | |
| Title and Settlement Services | 1 | | | 1 | | | — | |
| Corporate and Other | 9 | | | 4 | | | 5 | |
| Total | $ | 66 | | | $ | 28 | | | $ | 38 | |
Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities
Beginning in the first quarter of 2018, the Company commenced the implementation of a plan to drive its business forward and enhance stockholder value. The key aspects of this plan includeincluded senior leadership realignment, an enhanced focus on technology and talent, as well as further attention onto office footprint and other operational efficiencies.
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending reserve balances for the restructuring program related to Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Personnel-related costs | | Facility-related costs | | Internal use software impairment | | Total |
| Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| Restructuring charges | 20 |
| | 13 |
| | 10 |
| | 43 |
|
| Costs paid or otherwise settled | (15 | ) | | (5 | ) | | (10 | ) | | (30 | ) |
| Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 5 |
| | $ | 8 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 13 |
|
The following table shows the total costs currently expected to be incurred by type of cost the restructuring program related to Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total amount expected to be incurred | | Amount incurred to date | | Total amount remaining to be incurred |
| Personnel-related costs | $ | 31 |
| | $ | 20 |
| | $ | 11 |
|
| Facility-related costs | 20 |
| | 13 |
| | 7 |
|
| Internal use software impairment | 10 |
| | 10 |
| | — |
|
| Total | $ | 61 |
| | $ | 43 |
| | $ | 18 |
|
The following table shows the total costs currently expected to be incurred by reportable segment for the restructuring program related to Leadership Realignment and Other Restructuring Activities: |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total amount expected to be incurred | | Amount incurred to date | | Total amount remaining to be incurred |
| Real Estate Franchise Services | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 3 |
| | $ | — |
|
| Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services | 36 |
| | 28 |
| | 8 |
|
| Relocation Services | 9 |
| | 9 |
| | — |
|
| Title and Settlement Services | 2 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
|
| Corporate and Other | 11 |
| | 2 |
| | 9 |
|
| Total | $ | 61 |
| | $ | 43 |
| | $ | 18 |
|
Business Optimization Initiative
During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company began a business optimization initiative that focused on maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of the cost structure of each of the Company's business units. The action was designed to improve client service levels across each of the business units while enhancing the Company's profitability and incremental margins. The plan focused on several key areas of opportunity which include process improvement efficiencies, office footprint optimization, leveraging technology and media spend, centralized procurement, outsourcing administrative services and organizational design. The expected costs of activities undertaken in connection with the restructuring plan are largely complete. At December 31, 2017,2018, the remaining liability was $7$20 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018,2019, the Company incurred facility-relatedpersonnel-related costs of $2$3 million, and paid or settled costs of $6$11 million and reclassified $4 million to offset related lease assets upon adoption of the new leasing standard, resulting in a remaining accrual of $3 million.$8 million, primarily related to personnel and facility related liabilities.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for Realogy Holdings
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |
| | | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Accumulated Deficit | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | Non- controlling Interests | | Total Equity |
| |
| | |
| | | Shares | | Amount | |
| | Balance at June 30, 2018 | 124.6 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 5,073 |
| | $ | (2,588 | ) | | $ | (47 | ) | | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 2,442 |
|
| | Net income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 103 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | 104 |
|
| | Other comprehensive income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| | Repurchase of common stock | (4.7 | ) | | — |
| | (102 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (102 | ) |
| | Exercise of stock options | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| | Stock-based compensation | — |
| | — |
| | 10 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 10 |
|
| | Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| | Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| | Dividends declared ($0.09 per share) | — |
| | — |
| | (11 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (11 | ) |
| | Balance at September 30, 2018 | 119.9 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 4,970 |
| | $ | (2,485 | ) | | $ | (47 | ) | | $ | 4 |
| | $ | 2,443 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shares | | Amount | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at June 30, 2019 | 114.3 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,837 | | | $ | (2,537) | | | $ | (51) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 2,253 | |
| Net (loss) income | — | | | — | | | — | | | (70) | | | — | | | 1 | | | (69) | |
| Other comprehensive loss | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 10 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 10 | |
| Dividends declared ($0.09 per share) | — | | | — | | | (10) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (10) | |
| Balance at September 30, 2019 | 114.3 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,837 | | | $ | (2,607) | | | $ | (52) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2,183 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |
| | | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Accumulated Deficit | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | Non- controlling Interests | | Total Equity |
| |
| | |
| | | Shares | | Amount | |
| | Balance at December 31, 2017 | 131.6 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 5,285 |
| | $ | (2,631 | ) | | $ | (37 | ) | | $ | 4 |
| | $ | 2,622 |
|
| | Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting pronouncements | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (13 | ) | | (9 | ) | | — |
| | (22 | ) |
| | Net income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 159 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | 161 |
|
| | Other comprehensive income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | (1 | ) |
| | Repurchase of common stock | (12.5 | ) | | — |
| | (302 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (302 | ) |
| | Exercise of stock options | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| | Stock-based compensation | — |
| | — |
| | 31 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 31 |
|
| | Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 1.2 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| | Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (0.4 | ) | | — |
| | (10 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (10 | ) |
| | Dividends declared ($0.27 per share) | — |
| | — |
| | (34 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (2 | ) | | (36 | ) |
| | Balance at September 30, 2018 | 119.9 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 4,970 |
| | $ | (2,485 | ) | | $ | (47 | ) | | $ | 4 |
| | $ | 2,443 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shares | | Amount | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at June 30, 2018 | 124.6 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 5,073 | | | $ | (2,588) | | | $ | (47) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 2,442 | |
| Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 103 | | | — | | | 1 | | | 104 | |
| Repurchase of common stock | (4.7) | | | — | | | (102) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (102) | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 10 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 10 | |
| Dividends declared ($0.09 per share) | — | | | — | | | (11) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (11) | |
| Balance at September 30, 2018 | 119.9 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,970 | | | $ | (2,485) | | | $ | (47) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2,443 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shares | | Amount | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | 114.6 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,869 | | | $ | (2,507) | | | $ | (52) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2,315 | |
| Net (loss) income | — | | | — | | | — | | | (100) | | | — | | | 2 | | | (98) | |
| Repurchase of common stock | (1.2) | | | — | | | (20) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (20) | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 25 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 25 | |
| Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 1.3 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (0.4) | | | — | | | (6) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (6) | |
| Dividends declared ($0.27 per share) | — | | | — | | | (31) | | | — | | | — | | | (2) | | | (33) | |
| Balance at September 30, 2019 | 114.3 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,837 | | | $ | (2,607) | | | $ | (52) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2,183 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |
| | | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Accumulated Deficit | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | Non- controlling Interests | | Total Equity |
| |
| | |
| | | Shares | | Amount | |
| | Balance at June 30, 2017 | 136.8 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 5,438 |
| | $ | (2,981 | ) | | $ | (38 | ) | | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 2,423 |
|
| | Net income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 95 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | 96 |
|
| | Other comprehensive income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
|
| | Repurchase of common stock | (1.7 | ) | | — |
| | (59 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (59 | ) |
| | Exercise of stock options | 0.1 |
| | — |
| | 4 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 4 |
|
| | Stock-based compensation | — |
| | — |
| | 13 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 13 |
|
| | Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| | Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) |
| | Dividends declared ($0.09 per share) | — |
| | — |
| | (12 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (12 | ) |
| | Balance at September 30, 2017 | 135.2 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 5,383 |
| | $ | (2,886 | ) | | $ | (37 | ) | | $ | 4 |
| | $ | 2,465 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |
| | | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Accumulated Deficit | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | Non- controlling Interests | | Total Equity |
| |
| | |
| | | Shares | | Amount | |
| | Balance at December 31, 2016 | 140.2 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 5,565 |
| | $ | (3,062 | ) | | $ | (40 | ) | | $ | 5 |
| | $ | 2,469 |
|
| | Net income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 176 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | 178 |
|
| | Other comprehensive income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | 3 |
|
| | Repurchase of common stock | (5.9 | ) | | — |
| | (180 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (180 | ) |
| | Exercise of stock options | 0.3 |
| | — |
| | 7 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 7 |
|
| | Stock-based compensation | — |
| | — |
| | 38 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 38 |
|
| | Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 1.0 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| | Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (0.4 | ) | | — |
| | (10 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (10 | ) |
| | Dividends declared ($0.27 per share) | — |
| | — |
| | (37 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (3 | ) | | (40 | ) |
| | Balance at September 30, 2017 | 135.2 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 5,383 |
| | $ | (2,886 | ) | | $ | (37 | ) | | $ | 4 |
| | $ | 2,465 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Accumulated
Deficit | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | | Non-
controlling
Interests | | Total
Equity |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shares | | Amount | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2017 | 131.6 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 5,285 | | | $ | (2,631) | | | $ | (37) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2,622 | |
| Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting pronouncements | — | | | — | | | — | | | (13) | | | (9) | | | — | | | (22) | |
| Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 159 | | | — | | | 2 | | | 161 | |
| Other comprehensive loss | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | |
| Repurchase of common stock | (12.5) | | | — | | | (302) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (302) | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 31 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 31 | |
| Issuance of shares for vesting of equity awards | 1.2 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (0.4) | | | — | | | (10) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (10) | |
| Dividends declared ($0.27 per share) | — | | | — | | | (34) | | | — | | | — | | | (2) | | | (36) | |
| Balance at September 30, 2018 | 119.9 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4,970 | | | $ | (2,485) | | | $ | (47) | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2,443 | |
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for Realogy Group
The Company has not included a statement of changes in equity for Realogy Group as the operating results of Group are consistent with the operating results of Realogy Holdings as all revenue and expenses of Realogy Group flow up to Realogy Holdings and there are no incremental activities at the Realogy Holdings level. The only difference between Realogy Group and Realogy Holdings is that the $1 million in par value of common stock in Realogy Holdings' equity is included in additional paid in capital in Realogy Groups'Group's equity.
Stock Repurchases
The Company may repurchase shares of its common stock under authorizations from its Board of Directors. Shares repurchased are retired and not displayed separately as treasury stock on the consolidated financial statements. The par value of the shares repurchased and retired is deducted from common stock and the excess of the purchase price over par value is first charged against any available additional paid-in capital with the balance charged to retained earnings. Direct costs incurred to repurchase the shares are included in the total cost of the shares.
The Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $275 million, $300 million, $350 million and $350$175 million of the Company's common stock in February 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2018,2019, respectively.
In the thirdfirst quarter of 2018,2019, the Company repurchased and retired 4.71.2 million shares of common stock for $102$20 million at a weighted average market price of $21.37$17.21 per share. ForThe Company did not repurchase any shares under the nine months ended September 30, 2018,share repurchase programs during the Company repurchasedsecond and retired 12.5 million sharesthird quarters of common stock for $302 million at a weighted average market price of $24.07 per share.2019. As of September 30, 2018,2019, the Company had repurchased and retired 2935.5 million shares of common stock for an aggregate of $776$896 million at a total weighted average market price of $26.74$25.22 per share. As of September 30, 2018, $1492019, $204 million remained available for repurchase under the February 2018 share repurchase program.programs.
The restrictive covenants in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes restrict the Company's ability to repurchase shares. See "Note 5. Short and Long-Term Debt—Unsecured Notes."
Stock-Based Compensation
During the first quarter of 2018,2019, the Company granted 0.40.9 million shares of non-qualified stock options with a weighted average exercise price of $25.35 and 1.1 million shares of$13.45, restricted stock units ("RSUs")related to 2.5 million shares with a weighted average grant date fair value of $25.45.
On May 2, 2018, the Company granted RSUs$13.53 and PSUs aggregating 0.8performance stock units related to 1.2 million shares which were approved by the Company's Board of Directors on March 1, 2018 but subject to approval of the 2018 LTIP at the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 2, 2018, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $25.04.$11.08.
Dividend PolicyDividends
In August 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the initiation of a quarterly cash dividend policy of $0.09 per share on its common stock. The Board declared and paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.09 per share on the Company’s common stock during the first, secondsecond and third quarters of 2018.
The declaration and payment of any future dividend will be subject to2019. In early November 2019, the discretion of theCompany's Board of Directors anddetermined that, effective immediately, it will depend onno longer pay a variety of factors, including the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, contractual restrictions, including restrictive covenants contained in the Company’s credit agreements, and the indentures governing the Company’s outstanding debt securities, capital requirements and other factors that the Board of Directors deems relevant.quarterly cash dividend.
Pursuant to the Company’s policy, dividends payable in cash are treated as a reduction of additional paid-in capital since the Company is currently in an accumulated deficit position.
8. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Realogy Holdings
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed based on net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Holdings stockholders divided by the basic weighted-average shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive earnings per share is computed consistently with the basic computation while giving effect to all dilutive potential common shares and common share equivalents that were outstanding during the period. Realogy Holdings uses the treasury stock method to reflect the potential dilutive effect of unvested stock awards and unexercised options.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended
September 30, | | | | Nine Months Ended
September 30, | | |
| (in millions, except per share data) | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings stockholders | $ | (70) | | | $ | 103 | | | $ | (100) | | | $ | 159 | |
| Basic weighted average shares | 114.3 | | | 122.7 | | | 114.2 | | | 126.5 | |
| Stock options, restricted stock units and performance share units (a)(b) | — | | | 0.9 | | | — | | | 1.1 | |
| Weighted average diluted shares | 114.3 | | | 123.6 | | | 114.2 | | | 127.6 | |
| (Loss) Earnings Per Share: | | | | | | | |
| Basic | $ | (0.61) | | | $ | 0.84 | | | $ | (0.88) | | | $ | 1.26 | |
| Diluted | $ | (0.61) | | | $ | 0.83 | | | $ | (0.88) | | | $ | 1.25 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
| (in millions, except per share data) | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Net income attributable to Realogy Holdings shareholders | $ | 103 |
| | $ | 95 |
| | $ | 159 |
| | $ | 176 |
|
| Basic weighted average shares | 122.7 |
| | 136.1 |
| | 126.5 |
| | 137.8 |
|
| Stock options, restricted stock units and performance share units (a) | 0.9 |
| | 2.0 |
| | 1.1 |
| | 1.6 |
|
| Weighted average diluted shares | 123.6 |
| | 138.1 |
| | 127.6 |
| | 139.4 |
|
| Earnings Per Share: | | | | | | | |
| Basic | $ | 0.84 |
| | $ | 0.70 |
| | $ | 1.26 |
| | $ | 1.28 |
|
| Diluted | $ | 0.83 |
| | $ | 0.69 |
| | $ | 1.25 |
| | $ | 1.26 |
|
_______________
| |
(a) | The three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively exclude 7.4 million and 7.2 million shares(a)The Company was in a net loss position for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and therefore the impact of incentive equity awards were excluded from the computation of dilutive loss per share as the inclusion of such amounts would be anti-dilutive. At September 30, 2019, the number of common stock issuable for incentive equity awards, which includes performance share units based on the achievement of target amounts, that are anti-dilutive to the diluted earnings per share computation. The three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, exclude 4.9 million and 5.3 million shares of common stock issuable for incentive equity awards, which includes performance share units based on the achievement of target amounts, that are anti-dilutive to the diluted earnings per share computation. |
In the third quarter of 2018, the Company repurchased and retired 4.7 million shares of common stock issuable for $102 million at a weighted average market priceincentive equity awards, with performance awards based on the achievement of $21.37 per share. For thetarget amounts, was 10.8 million.
(b)The three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company repurchasedrespectively, exclude 7.4 million and retired 12.57.2 million shares of common stock issuable for $302 million at a weighted average market priceincentive equity awards, which includes performance share units based on the achievement of $24.07 per share. The purchase of shares under this plan reducestarget amounts, that are anti-dilutive to the weighted-average number of shares outstanding in the basicdiluted earnings per share calculation.computation.
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9. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
The Company is involved in claims, legal proceedings, alternative dispute resolution and governmental inquiries related to alleged contract disputes, business practices, intellectual property and other commercial, employment, regulatory and tax matters. Examples of such matters include but are not limited to allegations:
•that independent residential real estate sales agents engaged by NRT—the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment or by affiliated franchisees—under certain state or federal laws—are potentially employees instead of independent contractors, and they or regulators therefore may bring claims against NRTthe Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment for breach of contract, wage and hour classification claims, wrongful discharge, unemployment and workers' compensation and could seek benefits, back wages, overtime, indemnification, penalties related to classification practices and expense reimbursement available to employees;employees or similar claims against our franchise operations as an alleged joint employer of an affiliated franchisee’s independent sales agents;
•concerning other employment law matters, including other types of worker classification claims as well as wage and hour claims and retaliation claims;
•concerning anti-trust and anti-competition matters;
•that the Company is vicariously liable for the acts of franchisees under theories of actual or apparent agency;
•by current or former franchisees that franchise agreements were breached including improper terminations;
•concerning claims for alleged RESPA or state real estate law violations;
•concerning claims related to the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, including autodialer claims;
•concerning claims generally against the company owned brokerage operations for negligence, misrepresentation or breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the performance of real estate brokerage or other professional services as well as other brokerage claims associated with listing information and property history;
•related to copyright law, including infringement actions alleging improper use of copyrighted photographs on websites or in marketing materials without consent of the copyright holder;
•concerning breach of obligations to make websites and other services accessible for consumers with disabilities;
•concerning claims generally against the title company contending that, as the escrow company, the company knew or should have known that a transaction was fraudulent or concerning other title defects or settlement errors;
•concerning information security and cyber-crime, including claims under new and emerging data privacy laws related to the protection of customer, employee or third-party information, as well as those related to the diversion of homesale transaction closing funds; and
concerning anti-trust and anti-competition matters; and
•those related to general fraud claims.
Worker Classification Litigation
Whitlach v. Premier Valley, Inc. d/b/a Century 21 M&M and Century 21 Real Estate LLC (Superior Court of California, Stanislaus County). This was filed as a putative class action complaint on December 20, 2018 by plaintiff James Whitlach against Premier Valley Inc., a Century 21 Real Estate independently-owned franchisee doing business as Century 21 M&M (“Century 21 M&M”). The complaint also names Century 21 Real Estate LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the franchisor of Century 21 Real Estate (“Century 21”), as an alleged joint employer of the franchisee’s independent sales agents and seeks to certify a class that could potentially include all agents of both Century 21 M&M and Century 21 in California. The plaintiff alleges that Century 21 M&M misclassified all of its independent real estate agents, salespeople, sales professionals, broker associates and other similar positions as independent contractors, failed to pay minimum wages, failed to provide meal and rest breaks, failed to pay timely wages, failed to keep proper records, failed to provide appropriate wage statements, made unlawful deductions from wages, and failed to reimburse plaintiff and the putative class for business related expenses, resulting in violations of the California Labor Code. The complaint also asserts an unfair business practice claim based on the alleged violations described above.
On February 15, 2019, the plaintiff amended his complaint to assert claims pursuant to the California Private Attorneys General Act (“PAGA”). The PAGA claims included in the amended complaint are substantively similar to those asserted in the original complaint. Under California law, PAGA claims are generally not subject to arbitration and may result in exposure in the form of additional penalties. In April 2019, the defendants filed motions to compel arbitration of the non-
PAGA claims and to stay the PAGA claims pending resolution of the arbitrable claims. On June 5, 2019, the court dismissed the plaintiff’s non-PAGA claims without prejudice and withdrew the defendants’ motion to compel arbitration by stipulation of the parties. The plaintiff continues to pursue his PAGA claims as a representative of purported "aggrieved employees" as defined by PAGA. The plaintiff currently seeks, as the representative of all purported aggrieved employees, all non-individualized relief available to the purported aggrieved employees under PAGA, as well as attorneys’ fees.
Fenley v. Realogy Franchise Group LLC, Sotheby’s International Realty, Inc., Wish Properties, Inc. and DOES 1-100 (Superior Court of California, Kern County). This is a putative class action complaint filed on April 25, 2019 by plaintiff Elizabeth Fenley against Wish Properties, Inc, a Sotheby’s International Realty independently-owned franchisee doing business as Wish Sotheby’s International Realty (“Wish SIR”). The complaint also names Realogy Franchise Group LLC and Sotheby’s International Realty, Inc., wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, as alleged joint employers of the franchisee’s independent sales agents and seeks to certify a class that could potentially include all agents in California affiliated with any Realogy Franchise Group brand. The plaintiff alleges that all defendants are jointly responsible for misclassifying Wish SIR’s agents as independent contractors and failed to reimburse for business expenses, provide accurate wage statements and pay wages timely, all in violation of the California Labor Code. The complaint also asserts an unfair business practice claim based on the violations previously described. The plaintiff seeks reimbursement of allegedly necessary expenses, liquidated damages, waiting time penalties, civil penalties, pre- and post-judgment interest, restitution, injunctive relief, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On September 17, 2019, the Court denied the defendants’ motions to compel arbitration.
These cases raise various previously unlitigated claims and the PAGA claims in the Whitlach matter add additional litigation, financial and operating uncertainties. There are similar classification cases pending against several other brokerages in the state of California and developments in one or more of those cases could impact progress in these cases. For a summary of legislation adopted by the California State Legislature in September 2019, which codified an alternate worker classification test applicable to real estate professionals that is less restrictive than the judicial test that had been adopted by the California Supreme Court in the second quarter of 2018, see Part II, Item 1, "Legal Proceedings", in this report.
Real Estate BusinessIndustry Litigation
Dodge, et al.Moehrl, Cole, Darnell, Nager, Ramey, Sawbill Strategic, Inc., Umpa and Ruh v. PHH Corporation, et al.The National Association of Realtors, Realogy Holdings Corp., formerly captioned Strader, et al.Homeservices of America, Inc., BHH Affiliates, LLC, The Long & Foster Companies, Inc., RE/MAX LLC, and HallKeller Williams Realty, Inc. (U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois). This amended putative class action complaint (the "amended Moehler complaint"), filed on June 14, 2019, (i) consolidates the Moehrl and Sawbill litigation reported in our Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019, (ii) adds certain plaintiffs and defendants, and (iii) serves as a response to the separate motions to dismiss filed on May 17, 2019 in the prior Moehrl litigation by each of NAR and the Company (along with the other defendants named in the prior Moehrl complaint).
In the amended Moehrl complaint, the plaintiffs allege that the defendants engaged in a continuing contract, combination, or conspiracy to unreasonably restrain trade and commerce in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act because defendant NAR allegedly established mandatory anticompetitive policies for the multiple listing services and its member brokers that require brokers to make an offer of buyer broker compensation when listing a property. The plaintiffs further allege that the defendant franchisors conspired with NAR by requiring their respective franchisees to comply with NAR’s policies and Code of Ethics. The plaintiffs seek a permanent injunction enjoining the defendants from requiring home sellers to pay buyer broker commissions or to otherwise restrict competition among buyer brokers, an award of damages and/or restitution, attorneys fees and costs of suit. Plaintiffs' counsel has filed a motion to appoint lead counsel in the case, which has yet to be decided by the court. On August 9, 2019, NAR and the Company (together with the other defendants named in the amended Moehler complaint) each filed separate motions to dismiss this litigation. The plaintiffs filed their opposition to the motions to dismiss on September 13, 2019, and the defendants filed their replies in support of the motions on October 18, 2019.
Sitzer and Winger v. PHH Corporation, et al.The National Association of Realtors, Realogy Holdings Corp., Homeservices of America, Inc., RE/MAX Holdings, Inc., and Keller Williams Realty, Inc. (U.S. District Court for the CentralWestern District of California)Missouri). This is a purportedputative class action broughtcomplaint filed on April 29, 2019 and amended on June 21, 2019 by four California residentsplaintiffs Joshua Sitzer and Amy Winger against 15 defendants, includingNAR, the Company, Homeservices of America, Inc., RE/MAX Holdings, Inc., and Keller Williams Realty, Inc. The complaint contains substantially similar allegations, and seeks the same relief under the Sherman Act, as the Moehrl litigation. The Sitzer litigation is limited both in allegations and relief sought to the State of Missouri and includes an additional cause of action for alleged violation of the Missouri Merchandising Practices Act, or MMPA. On August 22,
2019, the Court denied defendants' motions to transfer the Sitzer matter to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois and on October 16, 2019, denied the motions to dismiss this litigation filed respectively by NAR and the Company (together with the other named brokerage/franchisor defendants).
Securities Litigation
Tanaskovic v. Realogy Holdings Corp., et. al. (U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey). This is a putative class action complaint filed on July 11, 2019 by plaintiff Sasa Tanaskovic against the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, PHH Corporationcurrent and PHH Home Loans, LLC (a joint ventureformer executive officers. The lawsuit alleges violations of Sections 10(b), 20(a) and Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act in connection with allegedly false and misleading statements made by the Company about its business, operations, and prospects. The plaintiffs seek, among other things, compensatory damages for purchasers of the Company’s common stock between February 24, 2017 through May 22, 2019, as well as attorneys’ fees and costs. On September 9, 2019, plaintiff Tanaskovic and a new plaintiff, Locals 302 and 612 of the International Union of Operating Engineers-Employers Construction Industry Retirement Trust (the “Retirement Trust”), each filed a motion to be appointed lead plaintiff and for approval of its selection of counsel. On September 23, 2019, plaintiff Tanaskovic withdrew its motion and plaintiff Retirement Trust filed a notice that its motion is unopposed.
Fried v. Realogy Holdings Corp., et al. (U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey). This is a putative derivative action filed on October 23, 2019 by plaintiff Adam Fried against the Company (as nominal defendant) and PHH), allegingcertain of its current and former executive officers and members of its Board of Directors (as defendants). The lawsuit alleges violations of Section 8(a) of RESPA. On May 19, 2017, the parties held a mediation session, at which they agreed in principle to a settlement14(a) of the action, pursuant to whichExchange Act and breach of fiduciary duties for, among other things, allegedly false and misleading statements made by the Company would pay approximately $8 million (or one-halfabout its business, operations and prospects as well as unjust enrichment claims. The plaintiff seeks, among other things, compensatory damages, disgorgement of the settlement). In settling the matter, the Company specifically denied any wrongdoing with respectimproper compensation, certain reforms to the claims asserted in the case. As a result of the settlement, the Company accrued $8 million in the second quarter of 2017Company’s corporate governance and the liability is included in accrued expensesinternal procedures and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Court granted final approval of the settlement effective as of August 27, 2018.attorneys’ fees and costs.
The Company is involveddisputes the allegations in certain other claimseach of the captioned matters described above and legal actions arising inwill vigorously defend these actions. Given the ordinary courseearly stages of our business. Such litigation, regulatory actions and other proceedings may include, but are not limited to, actions relating to intellectual property, commercial arrangements, franchising arrangements, the fiduciary dutieseach of brokers, actions against our title company alleging it knew or should have known that others were committing mortgage fraud, standard brokerage disputes like the failure to disclose accurate square footage or hidden defects in the property such as mold, vicarious liability based upon conductthese cases, we cannot estimate a range of individuals or entities outside of our control, including franchisees and independent sales agents, antitrust and anti-competition claims, general fraud claims (including wire fraud associated with third-party diversion of funds from a brokerage transaction), employment law claims, including claims challenging the classification of our sales agents as
independent contractors, wage and hour classification claims and claims alleging violations of RESPA or state consumer fraud statutes. While the results of such claims and legal actions cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe based on information currently available to us that the final outcome of current proceedings against the Company will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, with the increasing requirements resulting from government laws and regulations concerning data breach notifications and data privacy and protection obligations, claims associated with these laws may become more common.
* * *reasonably possible losses for this litigation.
The Company believes that it has adequately accrued for legal matters as appropriate. The Company records litigation accruals for legal matters which are both probable and estimable.
Litigation and other disputes are inherently unpredictable and subject to substantial uncertainties and unfavorable resolutions could occur. In addition, class action lawsuits can be costly to defend and, depending on the class size and claims, could be costly to settle. As such, the Company could incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims with liability that are materially in excess of amounts accrued and these settlements could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in any particular period.
* * *
Company-Initiated Litigation
Realogy Holdings Corp., NRT New York LLC (d/b/a The Corcoran Group), Sotheby’s International Realty, Inc., Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage Company, Coldwell Banker Residential Real Estate LLC, NRT West, Inc., Martha Turner Properties, L.P. And Better Homes and Gardens Real Estate LLC v. Urban Compass, Inc., and Compass, Inc. (Supreme Court New York, New York County). On July 10, 2019, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, filed a complaint against Urban Compass, Inc. and Compass, Inc. (together, "Compass") alleging misappropriation of trade secrets; tortious interference with contract; intentional and tortious interference with prospective economic advantage; unfair competition under New York common law; violations of the California Unfair Competition Law, Business and Professional Code Section 17200 et. seq. (unfair competition); violations of New York General Business Law Section 349 (deceptive acts or practices); violations of New York General Business Law Sections 350 and 350-a (false advertising); conversion; and aiding and abetting breach of contract. The Company seeks, among other things, actual and compensatory damages, injunctive relief, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On September 6, 2019, Compass filed a motion to dismiss this litigation. On September 26, 2019, the Company filed an amended complaint, which adds certain factual allegations in support of the Company’s claims, withdraws the count for aiding and abetting breach of contract and adds a count for defamation.
* * *
The Company is involved in certain other claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of our business. Such litigation, regulatory actions and other proceedings may include, but are not limited to, actions relating to intellectual property, commercial arrangements, franchising arrangements, the fiduciary duties of brokers, standard brokerage disputes like the failure to disclose accurate square footage or hidden defects in the property such as mold, vicarious liability based upon conduct of individuals or entities outside of our control, including franchisees and independent sales agents, antitrust and anti-competition claims, general fraud claims (including wire fraud associated with third-party diversion of funds from a brokerage transaction), employment law claims, including claims challenging the classification of our sales agents as independent contractors, wage and hour classification claims and claims alleging violations of RESPA, state consumer fraud statutes or federal consumer protection statutes. While the results of such claims and legal actions cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe based on information currently available to us that the final outcome of current proceedings against the Company will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, with the increasing requirements resulting from government laws and regulations concerning data breach notifications and data privacy and protection obligations, claims associated with these laws may become more common. While most litigation involves claims against the Company, from time to time the Company commences litigation, including litigation against former employees, franchisees and competitors when it alleges that such persons or entities have breached agreements or engaged in other wrongful conduct.
* * *
Cendant Corporate Liabilities and Guarantees to Cendant and Affiliates
Realogy Group (then Realogy Corporation) separated from Cendant on July 31, 2006 (the "Separation"), pursuant to a plan by Cendant (now known as Avis Budget Group, Inc.) to separate into four4 independent companies—one1 for each of Cendant's business units—real estate services (Realogy Group), travel distribution services ("Travelport"), hospitality services, including timeshare resorts ("Wyndham Worldwide"), and vehicle rental ("Avis Budget Group"). Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement dated as of July 27, 2006 among Cendant, Realogy Group, Wyndham Worldwide and Travelport (the "Separation and Distribution Agreement"), each of Realogy Group, Wyndham Worldwide and Travelport have assumed certain contingent and other corporate liabilities (and related costs and expenses), which are primarily related to each of their respective businesses. In addition, Realogy Group has assumed 62.5% and Wyndham Worldwide has assumed 37.5% of certain contingent and other corporate liabilities (and related costs and expenses) of Cendant.
The due to former parent balance was $18 million at both September 30, 20182019 and $21 million at December 31, 2017,2018, respectively. The due to former parent balance was comprised of the Company’s portion of the following: (i) Cendant’s remaining state and foreign contingent tax liabilities, (ii) accrued interest on contingent tax liabilities, (iii) potential liabilities related to Cendant’s terminated or divested businesses, and (iv) potential liabilities related to the residual portion of accruals for Cendant operations.
Tax Matters
The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes and recording related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company is regularly under audit by tax authorities whereby the outcome of the audits is uncertain. The Company believes there is appropriate support for positions taken on its tax returns. The liabilities that have been recorded represent the best estimates of the probable loss on certain positions and are adequate for all open years based on an assessment of many factors including past experience and interpretations of tax law applied to the facts of each matter. However, the outcomes of tax audits are inherently uncertain.
Escrow and Trust Deposits
As a service to its customers, the Company administers escrow and trust deposits which represent undisbursed amounts received for the settlement of real estate transactions. Deposits at FDIC-insured institutions are insured up to $250 thousand.$250 thousand. These escrow and trust deposits totaled $538$640 million at September 30, 20182019 and $469$426 million at December 31, 2017.2018. These escrow and trust deposits are not assets of the Company and, therefore, are excluded from the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, the Company remains contingently liable for the disposition of these deposits.
10. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The reportable segments presented below represent the Company’s operating segments for which separate financial information is available and which is utilized on a regular basis by its chief operating decision maker to assess performance and to allocate resources. In identifying its reportable segments, the Company also considers the nature of services provided by its operating segments. Management evaluates the operating results of each of its reportable segments based upon revenue and Operating EBITDA. Operating EBITDA is defined by us as net income (loss) before depreciation and amortization, interest expense, net (other than relocation services interest for securitization assets and securitization obligations), income taxes, and other items that are not core to the operating activities of the Company such as restructuring charges, former parent legacy items, gains or losses on the early extinguishment of debt, asset impairments, gains or losses on discontinued operations and gains or losses on the sale of investments or other assets. The Company’s presentation of Operating EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies.
| | | | Revenues (a) (b) | | Revenues (a) (b) | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | Three Months Ended
September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended
September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Real Estate Franchise Services | $ | 221 |
| | $ | 224 |
| | $ | 634 |
| | $ | 631 |
| Real Estate Franchise Services | $ | 216 | | | $ | 221 | | | $ | 613 | | | $ | 634 | |
| Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services | 1,268 |
| | 1,267 |
| | 3,593 |
| | 3,556 |
| Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services | 1,222 | | | 1,268 | | | 3,369 | | | 3,593 | |
| Relocation Services | 108 |
| | 111 |
| | 292 |
| | 290 |
| Relocation Services | 103 | | | 108 | | | 276 | | | 292 | |
| Title and Settlement Services | 162 |
| | 154 |
| | 444 |
| | 431 |
| Title and Settlement Services | 170 | | | 162 | | | 444 | | | 444 | |
| Corporate and Other (c) | (83 | ) | | (82 | ) | | (238 | ) | | (238 | ) | Corporate and Other (c) | (82) | | | (83) | | | (224) | | | (238) | |
| Total Company | $ | 1,676 |
| | $ | 1,674 |
| | $ | 4,725 |
| | $ | 4,670 |
| Total Company | $ | 1,629 | | | $ | 1,676 | | | $ | 4,478 | | | $ | 4,725 | |
_______________
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(a) | Transactions between segments are eliminated in consolidation. Revenues for the Real Estate Franchise Services segment include intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment of $83 million and $238 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $82 million and $238 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Such amounts are eliminated through the Corporate and Other line. |
| |
(b) | Revenues for the Relocation Services segment include intercompany referral commissions paid by the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment of $10 million and $30 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $11 million and $31 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Such amounts are recorded as contra-revenues by the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment. There are no other material intersegment transactions. |
| |
(c) | Includes the elimination of transactions between segments. |
(a)Transactions between segments are eliminated in consolidation. Revenues for the Real Estate Franchise Services segment include intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment of $82 million and $224 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $83 million and $238 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Such amounts are eliminated through the Corporate and Other line. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Operating EBITDA |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2017 (a) |
| Real Estate Franchise Services | $ | 161 |
| | $ | 159 |
| | $ | 439 |
| | $ | 428 |
|
| Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services (b) | 43 |
| | 64 |
| | 59 |
| | 121 |
|
| Relocation Services | 39 |
| | 37 |
| | 72 |
| | 65 |
|
| Title and Settlement Services | 20 |
| | 21 |
| | 45 |
| | 49 |
|
| Corporate and Other (c) | (21 | ) | | (23 | ) | | (63 | ) | | (75 | ) |
| Total Company | $ | 242 |
| | $ | 258 |
| | $ | 552 |
| | $ | 588 |
|
| Less: Depreciation and amortization (d) | $ | 49 |
| | $ | 51 |
| | $ | 148 |
| | $ | 150 |
|
| Interest expense, net | 41 |
| | 41 |
| | 120 |
| | 127 |
|
| Income tax expense | 40 |
| | 67 |
| | 73 |
| | 131 |
|
| Restructuring costs, net (e) | 9 |
| | 2 |
| | 45 |
| | 9 |
|
| Former parent legacy cost (benefit) (f) | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | (10 | ) |
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (f) | — |
| | 1 |
| | 7 |
| | 5 |
|
| Net income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | 103 |
| | $ | 95 |
| | $ | 159 |
| | $ | 176 |
|
_______________(c)Includes the elimination of transactions between segments.
| |
(a) | Includes an $8 million expense related to the settlement of the Strader legal matter in Corporate and Other. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Operating EBITDA | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | | Nine Months Ended
September 30, | | |
| | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Real Estate Franchise Services | $ | 153 | | | $ | 161 | | | $ | 406 | | | $ | 439 | |
| Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services | 31 | | | 43 | | | 16 | | | 59 | |
| Relocation Services | 34 | | | 39 | | | 63 | | | 72 | |
| Title and Settlement Services | 31 | | | 20 | | | 54 | | | 45 | |
| Corporate and Other (a) | (26) | | | (21) | | | (75) | | | (63) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Less: Depreciation and amortization (b) | 50 | | | 49 | | | 149 | | | 148 | |
| Interest expense, net | 66 | | | 41 | | | 210 | | | 120 | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (8) | | | 40 | | | (9) | | | 73 | |
| Restructuring costs, net (c) | 11 | | | 9 | | | 32 | | | 45 | |
| Impairments (d) | 183 | | | — | | | 186 | | | — | |
| Former parent legacy cost (e) | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | |
| (Gain) loss on the early extinguishment of debt (e) | (10) | | | — | | | (5) | | | 7 | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | (70) | | | $ | 103 | | | $ | (100) | | | $ | 159 | |
_______________
| |
(b) | NRT Operating EBITDA includes $12 million and $8 million of equity earnings from PHH Home Loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. |
| |
(c) | Includes the elimination of transactions between segments. |
| |
(d) | Depreciation and amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes $2 million of amortization expense and for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes $1 million of amortization expense related to Guaranteed Rate Affinity's purchase accounting included in the "Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities" line on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. |
| |
(e) | The three months ended September 30, 2018 includes restructuring charges of $1 million in the Real Estate Franchise Services and $8 million in the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment. |
(a)Includes the elimination of transactions between segments.
(b)Depreciation and amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes $2 million of amortization expense related to Guaranteed Rate Affinity's purchase accounting included in the "Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities" line on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
(c)The three months ended September 30, 20172019 includes restructuring charges of $2$1 million in the Real Estate Franchise Services segment, $8 million in the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment, $1 million in the Relocation Services segment and $1 million in Corporate and Other.
The three months ended September 30, 2018 includes restructuring charges of $1 million in the Real Estate Franchise Services and $8 million in the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment.
The nine months ended September 30, 2019 includes restructuring charges of $1 million in Real Estate Franchise Services segment, $18 million in the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment, $5 million in the Relocation Services segment, $2 million in the Title and Settlement Services segment and $6 million in Corporate and Other.
The nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes restructuring charges of $3 million in the Real Estate Franchise Services segment, $29 million in the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment, $9 million in the Relocation Services segment, $2 million atin the Title and Settlement Services segment and $2 million in the Corporate and Other segment.Other.
The(d)Impairments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20172019 includes restructuring chargesa goodwill impairment charge of $1$180 millionin the Real Estate Franchise Services segment and $8 million in at the Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services segment. In addition, other impairment charges, primarily related to lease asset impairments, of $3 million and $6 million were incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
| |
(f) | Former parent legacy items and loss on the early extinguishment of debt are recorded in the Corporate and Other segment. |
(e)Former parent legacy items and (gain) loss on the early extinguishment of debt is recorded in the Corporate and Other segment.
11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Entry into Definitive Agreement to Sell Employee Relocation Business; Realogy to Retain Cartus Affinity and Broker-to-Broker Business
As reported by the Company on a Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 7, 2019, the Company announced a definitive purchase agreement under which SIRVA Worldwide, Inc., a subsidiary of SIRVA, Inc. (collectively, “SIRVA”), will acquire its global employee relocation business. The transaction is valued at $400 million, and is expected to close in the first half of 2020, subject to the receipt of required regulatory clearances and other closing conditions. SIRVA is a portfolio company of Madison Dearborn Partners (MDP), a leading private equity firm.
The transaction includes all of the employee relocation assets of Cartus, but does not include Cartus’ affinity business, which delivers home selling and buying assistance to members of affinity clients, nor its Broker Network, made up of agents and brokers from Realogy’s residential real estate brands and certain independent real estate brokers. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will receive $375 million in cash at closing and a $25 million deferred payment after the closing of the transaction, subject to certain adjustments set forth in the purchase agreement. The Company intends to use the substantial majority of the net proceeds to pay down corporate debt.
Completion of the planned sale is subject to certain closing conditions, including the expiration or termination of all waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act and the receipt of other required regulatory clearances. There can be no assurance that any of such conditions will be satisfied and that the planned sale will be successfully completed on a timely basis or at all. Each of the Company and SIRVA have the right to terminate the purchase agreement under certain circumstances.
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes thereto included elsewhere herein and with our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes included in the 20172018 Form 10-K. Unless otherwise noted, all dollar amounts in tables are in millions. Neither Realogy Holdings, the indirect parent of Realogy Group, nor Realogy Intermediate, the direct parent company of Realogy Group, conducts any operations other than with respect to its respective direct or indirect ownership of Realogy Group. As a result, the condensed consolidated financial positions, results of operations and cash flows of Realogy Holdings, Realogy Intermediate and Realogy Group are the same. This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, contains forward-looking statements. See "Forward-Looking Statements" in this report and "Forward-Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors" in our 20172018 Form 10-K for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
OVERVIEW
We are a global provider of real estate and relocation services and report our operations in the following four segments:
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• | Real Estate Franchise Services (known as Realogy Franchise Group or RFG)—franchises the Century 21®, Coldwell Banker®, Coldwell Banker Commercial®, ERA®, Sotheby's International Realty® and Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate brand names. As of September 30, 2018, our real estate franchise systems and proprietary brands had approximately 300,000 independent sales agents worldwide, including approximately 193,600 independent sales agents operating in the U.S (which included approximately 50,600 company owned brokerage independent sales agents). As of September 30, 2018, our real estate franchise systems and proprietary brands had approximately 16,300 offices (which included approximately 760 company owned brokerage offices) worldwide in 113 countries and territories, including approximately 6,000 brokerage offices in the U.S.
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• | Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services (known as NRT)—operates a full-service real estate brokerage business with approximately 760 owned and operated brokerage offices with approximately 50,600 independent sales agents principally under the Coldwell Banker®, Corcoran®, Sotheby’s International Realty®, ZipRealty® Citi HabitatsSM and Climb Real Estate® brand names in more than 50 of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. This segment also included the Company's share of earnings for our PHH Home Loans venture, which was sold to PHH in the first quarter of 2018 and we transitioned to our new mortgage origination joint venture with Guaranteed Rate Affinity, which is •Real Estate Franchise Services (known as the Franchised Services)—franchises the Century 21®, Coldwell Banker®, Coldwell Banker Commercial®, ERA®, Sotheby's International Realty® and Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate brand names and launched franchise sales of the Corcoran® brand in January 2019. As of September 30, 2019, our real estate franchise systems and proprietary brands had approximately 300,400 independent sales agents worldwide, including approximately 190,000 independent sales agents operating in the U.S. (which included approximately 51,600 company owned brokerage independent sales agents). As of September 30, 2019, our real estate franchise systems and proprietary brands had approximately 16,900 offices worldwide in 113 countries and territories, including approximately 5,900 brokerage offices in the U.S. (which included approximately 720 company owned brokerage offices). •Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services (known as the Owned Brokerage Services)—operates a full-service real estate brokerage business with approximately 720 owned and operated brokerage offices with approximately 51,600 independent sales agents principally under the Coldwell Banker®, Corcoran®, Sotheby’s International Realty®, ZipRealty®, Citi HabitatsSM and Climb Real Estate® brand names in many of the largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. This segment also included the Company's share of earnings for our PHH Home Loans venture, which was sold to PHH in the first quarter of 2018 and we transitioned to our new mortgage origination joint venture, Guaranteed Rate Affinity, which is included in the financial results of the Title and Settlement Services segment. |
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• | Relocation Services (known as Cartus®)—primarily offers clients employee relocation services such as homesale assistance, providing home equity advances to transferees (generally guaranteed by the individual's employer), home finding and other destination services, expense processing, relocation policy counseling and consulting services, arranging household goods moving services, coordinating visa and immigration support, intercultural and language training and group move management services. In addition, we provide home buying and selling assistance to members of affinity clients.
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Title and Settlement Services segment.
•Relocation Services (known as Cartus®)—primarily offers clients employee relocation services such as homesale assistance, providing home equity advances to transferees (generally guaranteed by the individual's employer), home finding and other destination services, expense processing, relocation policy counseling and consulting services, arranging household goods moving services, coordinating visa and immigration support, intercultural and language training and group move management services. In addition, we provide home buying and selling assistance to members of affinity clients.
•Title and Settlement Services (known as Title Resource Group or TRG)—provides full-service title and settlement services to real estate companies, affinity groups, corporations and financial institutions with many of these services provided in connection with the Company's real estate brokerage and relocation services business. This segment also includes the Company's share of equity earnings including start-up costs,and losses for our Guaranteed Rate Affinity mortgage origination joint venture.
We pursueOur technology and data group pursues technology-enabled solutions for the real estate brokeragesto support our business units and franchisees as well as independent sales agents inaffiliated with our franchise system as well asOwned Brokerage and Franchised Services and their customers, including through ZapLabs LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary and developer of our proprietary technology platform.customers.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Key Strategic ImperativesEntry into Definitive Agreement to Sell Employee Relocation Business; Realogy to Retain Cartus Affinity and Broker-to-Broker Business
As reported by us on a Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 7, 2019, we announced a definitive purchase agreement under which SIRVA Worldwide, Inc., a subsidiary of SIRVA, Inc. (collectively, “SIRVA”), will acquire our global employee relocation business. The transaction is valued at $400 million, and is expected to close in the first half of 2020, subject to the receipt of required regulatory clearances and other closing conditions. SIRVA is a portfolio company of Madison Dearborn Partners (MDP), a leading private equity firm.
The coretransaction includes all of our integratedthe employee relocation assets of Cartus, but does not include Cartus’ affinity business, strategywhich delivers home selling and buying assistance to members of affinity clients, nor its Broker Network, made up of agents and brokers from Realogy’s residential real estate brands and certain independent real estate brokers. Under the terms of the agreement, we will receive $375 million in cash at closing and a $25 million deferred payment after the closing of the transaction, subject to certain adjustments set forth in the purchase agreement. We intend to use the substantial majority of the net proceeds to pay down corporate debt.
Completion of the planned sale is aimedsubject to certain closing conditions, including the expiration or termination of all waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act and the receipt of other required regulatory clearances. There can be no assurance that any of such conditions will be satisfied and that the planned sale will be successfully completed on a timely basis or at growing theall.
Product Launches
The Owned Brokerage and Franchised Services have launched strategic initiatives focused on addressing current market dynamics by expanding our base of productiveaffiliated independent sales agents at our company owned and franchisee brokerages andaffiliated franchisees, providing them with compelling data and technology products and services, generating high quality leads, and enhancing the consumer experience to move affiliated agents closer to the customer. Throughout the year, we have delivered numerous technology-driven products designed to meet these goals across our business units.
For example, in October 2019, we evolved our iBuying offerings through the launch of RealSure, a consumer program created to improve the home selling and buying experience through two core products, RealSure Sell and RealSure Mortgage. The programs, created in partnership with Home Partners of America, will be in 10 U.S. markets and build on and replace our cataLIST program. Under the RealSure Sell product, sellers with qualifying properties receive a cash offer valid for 45 days immediately upon listing, and during this time frame have the opportunity to pursue a better price by marketing their property with an affiliated independent sales agent. Sellers who are enrolled in RealSure Sell can utilize RealSure Mortgage to make them more productivean offer on their next home without sale or financing contingencies before their current home is sold by leveraging their RealSure Sell cash offer.
In September 2019, we launched RealVitalize, a home improvement program that provides home sellers with home improvement resources prior to or during the home listing period with no up-front costs or interest charges. The pilot program is currently available in select markets through the Coldwell Banker branded operations of our Owned Brokerage Services with a national roll-out planned later this year.
The Owned Brokerage Services also continued to roll-out a collection of marketing tools aimed at increasing independent agent success, including Listing Concierge—a full service solution for the design, creation and their businesses more profitable. This strategy seeksdistribution of automated customized property listings—as well as products designed to capitalize onfacilitate agent branding and customer prospecting. We intend to continue to advance these marketing initiatives.
These programs are intended to support the addressable marketcontinued expansion of commission revenues, which was an estimated $70 billion in 2017, and which we believe will continue to expand due to strong demographic tailwinds.
NRT remains focused on the recruitment, retention and development of productive independent sales agents, which we anticipate will be strengthened by our increasing utilization of advanced data analytics. We believe our adoption of a more data-driven strategy, together with strong product and services offerings, will further sharpen our productivity, recruitment and retention objectives. This is intended to allow us to provide more competitive and consistent products, services and pricing to existing and newly recruited independent sales agents, including through the expanded use of service and compensation modelsplans other than the traditional model.graduated commission model by the Owned Brokerage Services, including commission plans that charge agents for certain activities.
In addition, RFG is in the initial stages of implementingFranchised Services continued to pursue strategic initiatives intended to add new franchisees thereby expandingand widen the base of independent sales agents, affiliated with our franchisees. These initiatives are expected to build on our current technology offeringsincluding the introduction of new pricing model structure for one brand, launch of Corcoran as a new franchise brand and include greater differentiationexpansion of RFG’s brands. We also expect to expand RFG’sthe historical scope of potential franchisee candidates.
Lead Generation Programs
In furtherance of this strategy, on October 24, 2018,2019, we announced our intentionan agreement to create a new real estate benefits program exclusively for AARP members. Expected to launch two new franchise brands to organically grow ournationally in early 2020, this first-ever real estate franchise business: Corcoran® and Climb Real Estate®. To date, these brands have been operated solely as partservices program for AARP’s 38 million members will be available when members buy or sell a home through one of our company owned brokerage segment. We believe these brands, which are expectedparticipating residential real estate brands.
On September 7, 2019, Cartus launched the new Realogy Military Reward Program for U.S. military personnel, veterans and their families in connection with the previously announced discontinuation of its affinity program with USAA. The Realogy Military Reward Program seeks to commence franchising brokeragesprovide access to benefits similar to those offered under the former USAA affinity program.
In July 2019, we launched “TurnKey” in early 2019, will expand and enhance our existing portfolio of brands.
We believe thatcollaboration with Amazon in 15 U.S. cities. Under the successful execution of these strategies andTurnKey program, the associated increase in productiveCompany matches highly-ranked independent sales agents affiliated with certain Realogy brands to participating homebuyers who will receive complementary Amazon services and products paid by Realogy.
Leads generated by the programs described above form part of the Cartus affinity business. Referrals from these programs have been or are handled by the Cartus Broker Network, a network of real estate brokers from the Owned Brokerage Services, Franchised Services and certain independent real estate brokers. The Cartus Broker Network closed approximately 80,000 homesale transaction volumetransactions for the Company and its brands in 2018 and approximately 61,000 such closings for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (which we refer as “in-network homesale transactions”).
The Cartus affinity business is highly-concentrated and the USAA program represented a significant portion of this business and the in-network homesale transactions for Realogy and its brands. We expect that in 2020, the USAA program discontinuation will generate Operating EBITDA growth over time.likely have a material impact on earnings at Cartus and will result in a reduction in in-network homesale transactions for Realogy and its brands. The foregoing does not take into account potential positive offsets driven by the Company’s other existing and new affinity and lead generation programs, macro-economic changes, cost-savings initiatives and other management actions.
Leadership RealignmentRepurchase of Senior Notes
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company repurchased $93 million of its 4.875% Senior Notes through open market purchases at an aggregate purchase price of $83 million. The Company recorded a gain on the early extinguishment of debt of $10 million.
Impairment of Goodwill
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company determined that the decrease in the stock price of the Company and Other Restructuring Activitiesthe impact on future earnings related to the discontinuation of the USAA program qualified as triggering events for all of its reporting segments and accordingly the Company performed an impairment analysis of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of September 1, 2019. This analysis resulted in recognition of a goodwill impairment charge totaling $180 million related to the Owned Brokerage Services segment. The impairment charge is recorded on a separate line in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and is non-cash in nature.
Facility and Operational Efficiencies Program
Beginning in the first quarter of 2018, the Company2019, we commenced the implementation of a plan to driveaccelerate our business forward and enhance stockholder value. The key aspects of this plan include senior leadership realignment, an enhanced focus on technology and talent,office consolidation to reduce our storefront costs, as well as further attention on office footprint andinstitute other operational efficiencies.efficiencies to drive profitability. In addition, beginning in the first quarter of 2019, we commenced a plan to transform and centralize certain aspects of our operational support and drive changes in how we serve our affiliated independent sales agents from a marketing and technology perspective to help such agents be more productive and enable them to make their businesses more profitable. In the third quarter we expanded our operational efficiencies program to focus on workforce optimization. This workforce optimization initiative is focused on consolidating similar or overlapping roles, reducing the number of hierarchical layers and streamlining work and decision making. Separately, we also reduced headcount in the third quarter in connection with the wind down of the USAA affinity program.
Total expected restructuring costs of approximately $61$66 million are currently anticipated to be incurred through the end of 2018.2019 with $28 million incurred through the third quarter of 2019. As of September 30, 2018,2019, cost savings related to thethese restructuring activities were estimated to be approximately $50 million on an annual run rate basis.basis, with approximately $30 million of those cost savings expected to be realized in 2019. In addition to the approximately $30 million of cost savings expected from restructuring activities, there are approximately $40 million of additional cost savings initiatives being
implemented and expected to be realized in 2019. These costs savings are designed to partially offset inflation and other costs.
The following table reflects the total amount of restructuring costs for the Company's restructuringFacility and Operational Efficiencies program related to leadership realignment and other restructuring activities by reportable segment:
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| | Total amount expected to be incurred | | Amount incurred to date | | Total amount remaining to be incurred |
| RFG | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 3 |
| | $ | — |
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| NRT | 36 |
| | 28 |
| | 8 |
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| Cartus | 9 |
| | 9 |
| | — |
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| TRG | 2 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
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| Corporate and Other | 11 |
| | 2 |
| | 9 |
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| Total | $ | 61 |
| | $ | 43 |
| | $ | 18 |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total amount expected to be incurred | | Amount incurred through
September 30, 2019 | | Total amount remaining to be incurred |
| Real Estate Franchise Services | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 3 | |
| Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services | 47 | | | 17 | | | 30 | |
| Relocation Services | 5 | | | 5 | | | — | |
| Title and Settlement Services | 1 | | | 1 | | | — | |
| Corporate and Other | 9 | | | 4 | | | 5 | |
| Total | $ | 66 | | | $ | 28 | | | $ | 38 | |
CURRENT BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY TRENDS
According to the National Association of Realtors ("NAR"), during the third quarter of 2018,nine months ended September 30, 2019, homesale transaction volumevolume increased 1% due to a 3% increase in the average homesale price, partially offset by a 2% decrease in the number of homesale transactions. On a month-by-month basis for
During 2018, the third quarter of 2018, NAR reportedhousing market faced challenging conditions that homesale transactions year-over-year increasedintensified in July, were close to flat in August, but substantially declined in September. The September decrease in homesale transactions reported by NAR was consistent with our homesale transaction activity for both NRT and RFG.
NAR reported thatseverity during the first ninelast four months of 2018, homesale transaction volume increased 1% due to a 3% increase in the average homesale price, partially offset by a 2% decrease in the number of homesale transactions.
We believe that the main reason for the decline in homesale transactions during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same periods in 2017 wasyear, including reduced affordability, constrained inventory, as well as reduced affordability due to higher average homesale prices and rising mortgage rates, with limited inventory being the primary driver for the first half of the year. We believe that the slowdown of homesale transactions during the third quarter of 2018 signals that affordability concerns due to rising home prices and mortgage rates contributed to some potential home buyers deferring entry into the market, notwithstanding that demand continued to outpace supply. Arate volatility, as well as a number of other factors, may have also contributed to the decline, includingsuch as personal income tax reform and stock market volatility.reform. We are unable to extrapolate the relative impact that each of these individual factors may have had on regional and local marketshousing markets. While we believe that the difficult market environment in late 2018 continued to negatively impact the first half of 2019, we believe that incremental improvement in certain industry fundamentals, in particular declines in average mortgage rates and, to a lesser extent, increases in affordability, contributed to improvement in recent market conditions. We believe this is reflected in the United States.6% increase in homesale transaction volume in the third quarter of 2019 reported by NAR versus flat homesale transaction volume in the second quarter of 2019 and the 4% decrease in homesale transaction volume in the first quarter of 2019 reported by NAR.
During the three months ended September 30, 2019, homesale transaction volume on a combined basis for Franchised and Owned Brokerage Services decreased 1% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018, which represents a lower rate of decline when compared to the first and second quarters of 2019, where Franchised and Owned Brokerage Services homesale transaction volume on a combined basis declined 9% and 3% compared to the first and second quarters of 2018, respectively.
Homesale transaction volume on a combined basis for Franchised and Owned Brokerage Services decreased 4% during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Homesale transaction volume at our Owned Brokerage Services decreased 6%, as a result of a 5% decrease in existing homesale transactions and a 1% decrease in average homesale price, and homesale transaction volume at our Franchised Services decreased 3%, as a result of a 5% decrease in existing homesale transactions, partially offset by a 3% increase in average homesale price.
We believe that while the industry fundamentals in late 2018 described above drove a significant portion of our decline in homesale transaction volume in the first half of 2019, our results for the second and third quarters of 2019 reflect some of the modest improvements in market conditions also described above. However, during both the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019, we were also negatively impacted by the intense competitive environment as well as our geographic concentration, in particular for our Owned Brokerage Operations in California and the New York metropolitan area.
Specifically, the intensity of competition for the affiliation of independent sales agents negatively impacted recruitment and retention efforts at both our Owned Brokerage and Franchised Services. While the number of independent sales agents affiliated with our Owned Brokerage Services grew approximately 3% in 2019, that gain did not fully offset the decline in homesale transaction volume driven by the loss of more productive independent sales agents over the same period. Further, the number of independent sales agents in the U.S. affiliated with our Franchised Services (excluding our Owned Brokerage Services) was down approximately 2% in 2019, driven by the competitive environment for independent sales agents as well as franchisee terminations, including the loss of a large franchisee during the second quarter.
These competitive factors drove a loss in our market share for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to full-year 2018. This loss of market share contributed to the decline in homesale transaction volume at both Owned Brokerage and Franchised Services and is expected to continue to adversely impact results. We believe that certain owned-brokerage competitors have investors that appear to be supportive of a model that pursues increases in market share over profitability, which not only exacerbates competition for independent sales agents, but places additional pressure on the share of commission income received by the agent.
Inventory. Although inventory levels have recently shown some signs of improvement lowduring the first half of 2019, inventory levels declined during the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018. Low housing inventory levels continue to be an industry-wide concern.concern, in particular in certain highly sought-after geographies and at lower price points. According to NAR, the inventory of existing homes for sale in the U.S. was 1.5increased from 1.53 million as of JanuaryDecember 2018 and has increased to 1.91.83 million at the endas of September 2018.2019. As a result, inventory has increased from 3.4from 3.7 months of supply in JanuaryDecember 2018 to 4.44.1 months as of September 2018.2019. However, theseaccording to NAR, year-over-year inventory levels in 2019 were down 1% in July, 4% in August and 3% in September as compared to the same months in 2018 and inventory levels continue to be significantly below the 10-year average of 6.45.8 months, the 15-year average of 6.26.1 months and the 25-year average of 5.95.8 months.
Mortgage Rates. MortgageAccording to Freddie Mac, mortgage rates on commitments for a 30-year, conventional, fixed-rate first mortgage increased approximately 80 basis pointsaveraged 3.67% for the third quarter of 2019 compared to 4.63%4.57% for the third quarter of 2018. While mortgage rates reached as ofhigh as 4.87% in November 2018, rates have moderated during 2019, and on September 30, 2018 from 3.81% as of September 2017,2019 were 3.61%, according to Freddie Mac. This increaseIncreases in mortgage rates adversely impactsimpact housing affordability and we have been and could continue toagain be negatively impacted by a rising interest rate environment. For example, a rise in mortgage rates could result in decreased homesale transaction volume if potential home sellers choose to stay with their lower mortgage rate rather than sell their home and pay a higher mortgage rate with the purchase of another home or, similarly, if potential home buyers choose to rent rather than pay higher mortgage rates. However, we believe that over the medium to long-term, rising wages, the potential availability of alternative mortgage arrangements and increasing rent prices for the mainstream housing market may help offset rising mortgage rates to some degree.
AffordabilityAffordability. The compositefixed housing affordability index, as reported by NAR, decreasedincreased from 142 for August 2018 to 160 for September 2017 to 147 for September 2018,August 2019, which puts it slightly above the 25-year average of 142. The affordability index hit 138 in June 2018, which was its lowest point since 2008. As noted above, we believe the year-over-year decline is a result ofprimarily attributable to lower inventory levels, which have continued to put upward pressure on home prices with additional pressure from increasing mortgage rates.rates and wage growth. A housing affordability index above 100 signifies that a family earning the median income has sufficient income to purchase a median-priced home, assuming a 20 percent down payment and ability to qualify for a mortgage.
RFGRecruitment and NRT homesale transaction volume on a combined basis increased 3% during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. NRT's transaction volume increased 1%, as a resultRetention of a 2% increase in average homesale price, partially offset by a 1% decrease in existing homesale transactions. RFG's transaction volume increased 3%, as a result of a 6% increase in average homesale price, partially offset by a 2% decrease in existing homesale transactions.
Independent Sales Agents; Commission Income. Recruitment and retention of independent sales agents and independent sales agent teams are critical to the business and financial results of a brokerage, including our company owned brokerages and those operated by our affiliated franchisees. Competition for independent sales agents in our industry, including within our franchise system, is high, in particular with respect to more productive sales agents. Most of a brokerage's real estate listings are sourced through the sphere of influence of their independent sales agents, notwithstanding the growing influence of internet-generated leads. Competition for independent sales agents is generally subject to numerous factors, including:
remuneration (such as sales commission percentage and other financial incentives paid to independent sales agents);
other expenses borne by independent sales agents;
leads or business opportunities generated for the independent sales agent from the brokerage;
independent sales agents' perception of the value of the broker's brand affiliation;
marketing and advertising efforts by the brokerage or franchisor;
the office manager, staff and fellow independent sales agents with whom they collaborate daily; and
technology, continuing professional education, and other services provided by the brokerage or franchisor.
We believe that a variety of factors in recent years have negatively impacted the recruitment and retention of independent sales agents in the industry generally and has increasingly impacted the recruitment and retention of top producing agents. Such factors include increasing competition (which has particularly intensified in the last several quarters), increasing levels of commissions paid to agents (including up-front payments and equity), changes in the spending patterns of independent sales agents (as more independent sales agents purchase services from third-parties outside of their affiliated broker) and the growth in independent sales agent teams. The continued competition for productive agents could continue to have a negative impact on our homesale transaction volume and market share and could continue to put upward pressure on the average share of commissions earned by affiliatedindependent sales agents.
Non-traditional market participants. While real estate brokers using historical real estate brokerage models typically compete for business primarily on the basis of services offered, brokerage commission, reputation, utilization of technology and personal contacts, participants pursuing non-traditional methods of marketing real estate may compete in other ways, including companies that employ technologies intended to disrupt historic real estate brokerage models or minimize or eliminate the role traditional brokers and sales agents perform in the homesale transaction process.
A growing number of companies are competing in non-traditional ways for a portion of the gross commission income generated by homesale transactions. For example, many iBuying business models seek to disintermediate real estate brokers and independent sales agents from buyers and sellers of homes either entirely or by reducing brokerage commissions that may be earned on those transactions. In addition, listing aggregators and other web-based real estate service providers compete for our Owned Brokerage Services business by establishing relationships with independent sales agents and/or buyers and sellers of homes, ultimately seeking to direct transactions and act as the intermediary between the consumer and agent. They also increasingly charge brokerages and independent sales agents additional fees for new and existing services, which puts pressure on the profitability of other industry participants, including agents and brokers, competes for part of
Franchised Services revenue through referral or other fees and could dilute our relationships with our franchisees and our franchisees' relationships with their independent sales agents and buyers and sellers of homes. We also currently receive listing fees for our provision of real estate listings under an agreement that expires in March 2022. The continuation of such arrangement, and our ability to enter into similar arrangements with other third-parties, is subject to a variety of factors, including changes in the spending patterns of independent sales agents (as more agents purchase services from third-parties outside of their affiliated broker), growth in independent sales agent teams and increasing competition.
Currently, there are several different compensation models being utilized by real estate brokerages to compensate their independent sales agents. One of the most common models has been the "traditional model", also called a graduated commission plan, where the independent sales agent receives a percentage of the brokerage commission that increases as the independent sales agent increases his or her volume of homesale transactions,way such parties access this information and the brokerage frequently provides independent sales agents withcompetitive landscape.
See "Recent Developments" above for a broad setdiscussion of support offeringsproduct launches and promotionlead generation programs for the benefit of properties. Other common models include a desk rental or 100% plan model, a fixed transaction fee model,our Owned Brokerage and a capped commission model. A capped commission model generally blends aspects of the traditional model with the 100% plan model. Increasingly, independent sales agents have affiliated with brokerages that offer a different mix of services to the independent sales agents, allowing the independent sales agent to select the services that they believe allow them to retain a greater percentage of the commission. However, independent sales agents will generally then need to purchase desired marketing, technology and professional education products and services on an à la carte basis.
In addition, the significant size of the U.S. real estate market, in particular the addressable market of commission revenues, has continued to attract outside capital investment in traditional and disruptive competitors that seek to access a portion of this market.
As discussed under the caption "Key Strategic Imperatives" above, NRT and RFG have launched strategic initiativesFranchised Operations intended to address these current market dynamics by expanding our base of affiliated independent sales agents and affiliated franchisees. This includes initiatives at NRT that are expected to include the expanded use of service and compensation models other than the traditional model and initiatives at RFG that are expected to build on our current technology offerings and include greater differentiation of RFG’s brands.
NRT has relationships with developers, primarily in major cities, to provide marketing and brokerage services in new developments. New development closings generally have a development period of between 18 and 24 months from contracted date to closing. During 2017, NRT experienced stronger growth in its new development business with a significant increase in the number of closed transactions from 2016. This growth was largely due to the timing of closings of several major developments during the year. During the first half of 2018, there was a decrease in revenue related to our new development business as a result of lower closing volume due to long cycle times with irregular project completion timing. We have seen less of a year-over-year decrease in the new development business in the third quarter of 2018 and expect this positive trend to continue for the remainder of 2018. Our current new development pipeline remains robust over the next several years, however, the timing of closings could fluctuate significantly from year to year.
dynamics.
Existing Homesales
For the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017,2018, NAR existing homesale transactions decreased to 4 million homes or down 2%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, homesale transactions for RFG and NRT on a combined basis were consistent with NAR down 2%.for Franchised and Owned Brokerage Services decreased 5% compared to the same period in 2018 due primarily to challenging market fundamentals, the impact of competition (including on our market share), the loss of certain franchisees and geographic concentration of the Owned Brokerage Services. The annualquarterly and quarterlyannual year-over-year trends in homesale transactions are as follows:
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(a) | Historical existing homesale data is as of the most recent NAR press release, which is subject to sampling error. |
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(b) | Forecasted existing homesale data, on a seasonally adjusted basis, is as of the most recent NAR forecast. |
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(c) | Forecasted existing homesale data, on a seasonally adjusted basis, is as of the most recent Fannie Mae press release. |
(a)Q1, Q2 and Q3 existing homesale data is as of the most recent NAR press release, which is subject to sampling error.
(b)Forecasted existing homesale data, on a seasonally adjusted basis, is as of the most recent NAR forecast.
(c)Forecasted existing homesale data, on a seasonally adjusted basis, is as of the most recent Fannie Mae press release.
As of their most recent releases, NAR is forecasting existing homesale transactions to increase 2%4% in 20192020 while Fannie Mae is forecasting existing homesale transactions to remain flatincrease 1% for the same period.
Existing Homesale Price
For the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017,2018, NAR existing homesale average price increased 3%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, RFG and NRT's2019, average homesale price on a combined basis for Franchised and Owned Brokerage Services increased 5%1% compared to the same period in 20172018. The Owned Brokerage Services' geographic concentration and consistedexposure to the high-end of RFG's averagethe market plus the associated competitive pressures drove the year-over-year decline in homesale price increase of 6% and NRT's average homesale price increase of 2%. The difference between the average homesale price increase for RFG compared to NRT is due to lower closing volume in NRT's new development business which is typically at a higher price point as well as lower transaction volume in the New York metropolitan market.overall industry. The annualquarterly and quarterlyannual year-over-year trends in the price of homes are as follows:
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(a) | Historical homesale price data is for existing homesale average price and is as of the most recent NAR press release. |
| |
(b) | Forecasted homesale price data is for median price and is as of the most recent NAR forecast. |
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(c) | Existing homesale price data is for median price and is as of the most recent Fannie Mae press release. |
(a)Q1, Q2 and Q3 homesale price data is for existing homesale average price and is as of the most recent NAR press release.
(b)Forecasted homesale price data is for median price and is as of the most recent NAR forecast.
(c)Existing homesale price data is for median price and is as of the most recent Fannie Mae press release.
As of their most recent releases, NAR is forecasting an increase in median existing homesale price of 3%to increase 4% in 20192020 while Fannie Mae is forecasting a 5%median existing homesale price to increase 1% in 2019.2020.
* * *
We believe that long-term demand for housing and the growth of our industry are primarily driven by the affordability of housing, the economic health of the U.S. economy, demographic trends such as generational transitions, the increaseincreases in U.S. household formation, mortgage rate levels and mortgage availability, certain tax benefits, job growth, increases in renters that qualify as homebuyers, the inherent attributes of homeownership versus renting and the influence of local housing dynamics of inventory supply versus demand. At this time, severalcertain of these factors are generally trending favorably.favorably, such as mortgage rate levels, household formation and job growth. Factors that may negatively affect continued growth in the housing industry include:
•continued insufficient inventory levels;levels or stagnant and/or declining home prices;
•a reduction in the affordability of homes;
•higher mortgage rates due to increases in long-term interest rates and increasing down payment requirements as well as reduced availability of mortgage financing;
further reduction in the affordability of homes;
•certain provisions of the 2017 Tax Act that directly impact traditional incentives associated with home ownership and may reduce the financial distinction between renting and owning a home, including those that reduce the amount that certain taxpayers would be allowed to deduct for home mortgage interest or state, local and property taxes;taxes as well as certain state tax reform, such as the "mansion tax" in New York;
•decelerated or lack of building of new housing for homesales, increased building of new rental properties, or irregular timing of new development closings leading to lower unit sales at NRT,our Owned Brokerage Services, which has relationships with developers, primarily in major cities, to provide marketing and brokerage services in new developments;
•homeowners retaining their homes for longer periods of time;
•changing attitudes towards home ownership;ownership, particularly among potential first-time homebuyers who may delay, or decide not to, purchase a home, as well as changing preferences to rent versus purchase a home;
•decreasing consumer confidence in the economy and/or the residential real estate market;
•an increase in potential homebuyers with low credit ratings or inability to afford down payments;
•the impact of limited or negative equity of current homeowners, as well as the lack of available inventory may limit their proclivity to purchase an alternative home;
•economic stagnation or contraction in the U.S. economy;
•weak credit markets and/or instability of financial institutions;
•increased levels of unemployment and/or stagnant wage growth in the U.S.;
•a decline in home ownership levels in the U.S.;
•other legislative or regulatory reforms, including but not limited to reform that adversely impacts the financing of the U.S. housing market;market, changes relating to RESPA, potential reform of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, immigration reform, and further potential tax code reform;
•renewed high levels of foreclosure activity;
•natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, wildfires, mudslides and other events that disrupt local or regional real estate markets; and
•geopolitical and economic instability.
Many of the trends impacting our businesses that derive revenue from homesales also impact Cartus, which is a globalthe leading provider of outsourced employeeglobal relocation services. In addition to general residential housing trends, key drivers of Cartus are global corporate spending on relocation services, which continue to shift to lower cost relocation benefits as corporate clients engage in cost reduction initiatives and/or restructuring programs as well as changes in employment relocation trends. Cartus is subject to a competitive pricing environment and lower average revenue per relocation as a result of a shift
in the mix of services and number of services being delivered per move. These factors have and may continue to put pressure on the growth and profitability of this segment.
* * *
While data provided by NAR and Fannie Mae are two indicators of the direction of the residential housing market, we believe that homesale statistics will continue to vary between us and NAR and Fannie Mae because:
•they use survey data and estimates in their historical reports and forecasting models, which are subject to sampling error, whereas we use data based on actual reported results;
•there are geographical differences and concentrations in the markets in which we operate versus the national market. For example, many of our company owned brokerage offices are geographically located where average homesale prices are generally higher than the national average and therefore NAR survey data will not correlate with NRT'sthe Owned Brokerage Services' results;
•comparability is also diminished due to NAR’s utilization of seasonally adjusted annualized rates whereas we report actual period-over-period changes and their use of median price for their forecasts compared to our average price;
•NAR historical data is subject to periodic review and revision and these revisions have been material in the past, and could be material in the future; and
•NAR and Fannie Mae generally update their forecasts on a monthly basis and a subsequent forecast may change materially from a forecast that was previously issued.
While we believe that the industry data presented herein is derived from the most widely recognized sources for reporting U.S. residential housing market statistical data, we do not endorse or suggest reliance on this data alone. We also note that forecasts are inherently uncertain or speculative in nature and actual results for any period could materially differ.
KEY DRIVERS OF OUR BUSINESSES
Within RFGthe Franchised and NRT,Owned Brokerage Services, we measure operating performance using the following key operating metrics: (i) closed homesale sides, which represents either the "buy" side or the "sell" side of a homesale transaction, (ii) average homesale price, which represents the average selling price of closed homesale transactions, and (iii) average homesale broker commission rate, which represents the average commission rate earned on either the "buy" side or "sell" side of a homesale transaction.
For RFG,Franchised Services, we also use net royalty per side, which represents the royalty payment to RFGFranchised Services for each homesale transaction side taking into account royalty rates, average broker commission rates, volume incentives achieved and non-standardother incentives. We utilize net royalty revenue per transactionside as it reflectsincludes the impact of changes in average homesale price as well as all incentives and represents the royalty revenue impact of each incremental side.
For Owned Brokerage Services, we also use gross commission income per side, which represents gross commission income divided by closed homesale sides. Gross commission income includes commissions earned in homesale transactions and certain other activities, primarily leasing and property management transactions. The Owned Brokerage Services, as a franchisee of the Franchised Services, pays a royalty fee of 6% per transaction to the Franchised Services from the commission earned on a real estate transaction. The remainder of gross commission income is split between the broker (the Owned Brokerage Services) and the independent sales agent.
Within Cartus, we measure operating performance using the following key operating statistics: (i) initiations, which represent the total number of new transferees and the total number of real estate closings for affinity members and (ii) referrals, which represent the number of referrals from which we earn revenue from real estate brokers. The USAA affinity program represented a significant portion of new referrals on a historical basis and for the third quarter of 2019. The discontinuation of this program in September 2019 is expected to result in a significant reduction in such referrals commencing with the fourth quarter of 2019.
In TRG, operating performance is evaluated using the following key metrics: (i) purchase title and closing units, which represent the number of title and closing units we process as a result of home purchases, (ii) refinance title and closing units, which represent the number of title and closing units we process as a result of homeowners refinancing their home loans, and (iii) average fee per closing unit, which represents the average fee we earn on purchase title and refinancing title sides. An increase or decrease in homesale transactions will impact the financial results of TRG; however, the financial results are
not significantly impacted by a change in homesale price. WeAlthough the average mortgage rate declined in 2019 compared to 2018, we believe that further increases in mortgage rates in the future willwould most likely have a negative impact on refinancing title and closing units.
The following table presents our drivers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017.2018. See "Results of Operations" below for a discussion as to how these drivers affected our business for the periods presented.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | 2019 | | 2018 | | % Change | | 2019 | | 2018 | | % Change |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | % Change | | 2018 | | 2017 | | % Change | |
| RFG (a) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Franchised Services (a) | | Franchised Services (a) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Closed homesale sides | 308,917 |
| | 318,961 |
| | (3 | %) | | 846,185 |
| | 866,956 |
| | (2 | %) | Closed homesale sides | 299,937 | | | 308,917 | | | (3) | % | | 803,976 | | | 846,185 | | | (5) | % |
| Average homesale price | $ | 305,398 |
| | $ | 292,000 |
| | 5 | % | | $ | 304,482 |
| | $ | 287,558 |
| | 6 | % | Average homesale price | $ | 314,984 | | | $ | 305,398 | | | 3 | % | | $ | 312,224 | | | $ | 304,482 | | | 3 | % |
| Average homesale broker commission rate | 2.47 | % | | 2.49 | % | | (2 | ) bps | | 2.48 | % | | 2.50 | % | | (2 | ) bps | Average homesale broker commission rate | 2.47 | % | | 2.47 | % | | — | bps | | 2.47 | % | | 2.48 | % | | (1) | bps |
| Net royalty per side (b) | $ | 322 |
| | $ | 316 |
| | 2 | % | | $ | 324 |
| | $ | 311 |
| | 4 | % | |
| NRT | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net royalty per side | | Net royalty per side | $ | 329 | | | $ | 322 | | | 2 | % | | $ | 323 | | | $ | 324 | | | — | % |
| Owned Brokerage Services | | Owned Brokerage Services | |
| Closed homesale sides | 94,241 |
| | 95,236 |
| | (1 | %) | | 261,083 |
| | 262,849 |
| | (1 | %) | Closed homesale sides | 92,399 | | | 94,241 | | | (2) | % | | 248,092 | | | 261,083 | | | (5) | % |
| Average homesale price | $ | 513,403 |
| | $ | 506,418 |
| | 1 | % | | $ | 525,738 |
| | $ | 515,617 |
| | 2 | % | Average homesale price | $ | 509,425 | | | $ | 513,403 | | | (1) | % | | $ | 522,050 | | | $ | 525,738 | | | (1) | % |
| Average homesale broker commission rate | 2.44 | % | | 2.45 | % | | (1 | ) bps | | 2.44 | % | | 2.45 | % | | (1 | ) bps | Average homesale broker commission rate | 2.41 | % | | 2.44 | % | | (3) | bps | | 2.41 | % | | 2.44 | % | | (3) | bps |
| Gross commission income per side | $ | 13,227 |
| | $ | 13,142 |
| | 1 | % | | $ | 13,545 |
| | $ | 13,358 |
| | 1 | % | Gross commission income per side | $ | 13,000 | | | $ | 13,227 | | | (2) | % | | $ | 13,343 | | | $ | 13,545 | | | (1) | % |
| Cartus | | | | | | | | | | | | Cartus | |
| Initiations | 42,718 |
| | 39,608 |
| | 8 | % | | 133,901 |
| | 126,921 |
| | 5 | % | Initiations | 39,589 | | | 42,718 | | | (7) | % | | 128,659 | | | 133,901 | | | (4) | % |
| Referrals | 26,226 |
| | 23,905 |
| | 10 | % | | 68,919 |
| | 64,392 |
| | 7 | % | Referrals | 25,085 | | | 24,769 | | | 1 | % | | 64,105 | | | 65,857 | | | (3) | % |
| TRG | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Title Resource Group | | Title Resource Group | |
| Purchase title and closing units | 43,836 |
| | 43,764 |
| | — | % | | 121,766 |
| | 122,069 |
| | — | % | Purchase title and closing units | 41,619 | | | 43,836 | | | (5) | % | | 111,865 | | | 121,766 | | | (8) | % |
| Refinance title and closing units | 4,264 |
| | 6,513 |
| | (35 | %) | | 14,456 |
| | 21,370 |
| | (32 | %) | Refinance title and closing units | 8,014 | | | 4,264 | | | 88 | % | | 17,295 | | | 14,456 | | | 20 | % |
| Average fee per closing unit | $ | 2,229 |
| | $ | 2,115 |
| | 5 | % | | $ | 2,231 |
| | $ | 2,092 |
| | 7 | % | Average fee per closing unit | $ | 2,288 | | | $ | 2,229 | | | 3 | % | | $ | 2,308 | | | $ | 2,231 | | | 3 | % |
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(a) | (a)Includes all franchisees except for NRT. |
| |
(b) | Net royalty per side amounts include the effect of volume incentives and non-standard incentives granted to franchisees. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 the net royalty per side increased 2% and 4%, respectively, while average homesale price increased 5% and 6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The differential |
between growth in net royalty per side and average homesale price was due to an increase in sales incentives, a decrease in the average broker commission rate and a shift in mix to our top 250 franchisees.Owned Brokerage Services.
A decline in the number of homesale transactions and decline in homesale prices could adversely affect our results of operations by: (i) reducing the royalties we receive from our franchisees, (ii) reducing the commissions our company owned brokerage operations earn, (iii) reducing the demand for our title and settlement services, (iv) reducing the referral fees we earn in our relocation services business, and (v) increasing the risk of franchisee default due to lower homesale volume. Our results could also be negatively affected by a decline in commission rates charged by brokers or greater commission payments to sales agents.agents or by an increase in volume or other incentives paid to franchisees.
Since 2014, we have experienced approximately a one basis point decline in the average homesale broker commission rate each year, andwhich we expect that over the long term the average brokerage commission rates will continuebelieve has been largely attributable to modestly decline as a result of increases in average homesale prices (as higher priced homes tend to have a lower broker commission) and, to a lesser extent, competitors providing fewer or similar services for a reduced fee.
Royalty fees are charged to all franchisees pursuant to the terms of the relevant franchise agreements and are included in each of the real estate brands' franchise disclosure documents. Most of our third-party franchisees are subject to a 6% royalty rate and entitled to volume incentives.incentives, although a royalty fee generally equal to 5% of franchisee commission (capped at a set amount per independent sales agent per year) is applicable to franchisees operating under the "capped fee model" that was launched for our Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate franchise business in January 2019. Volume incentives are calculated as a progressive percentage of the applicable franchisee's eligible annual gross commission income and generally result in a net or effective royalty rate ranging from 6% to 3% for the franchisee. Volume incentives increase or decrease as the franchisee's gross commission income generated increases or decreases, respectively. We have the right to adjust the annual volume incentive tables on an annual basis in response to changing market conditions. In addition, some of our larger franchisees have a flat royalty rate of less than 6% and are not eligible for volume incentives.
Other incentives may also be used as consideration to attract new franchisees, grow franchisees (including through independent sales agent recruitment) or extend existing franchise agreements, although such incentives are generally not available to most franchisees, and, in contrast to volume incentives, the majority are not homesale transaction based. We face significant competition from other national real estate brokerage brand franchisors for franchisees and we expect that the trend of increasing incentives will continue in the future in order to attract, retain, and help grow certain franchisees.
Transaction volume growth has exceeded royalty revenue growth due primarily to the growth in gross commission income generated by our top 250 franchisees and our increased use of non-standardother sales incentives, both of which directly impact royalty revenue. Over the past several years, our top 250 franchisees have grown faster than our other franchisees through organic growth and market consolidation. If the amount of gross commission income generated by our top 250 franchisees continue to grow at a quicker pace relative to our other franchisees, we would expect our royalty revenue to continue to increase, but at a slower pace than homesale transaction volume. Likewise, our royalty revenue would continue to increase, but at a slower pace than homesale transaction volume, if the gross commission income generated by all of our franchisees grows faster than the applicable annual volume incentive table increase or if we increase our use of standard volume or non-standardother incentives. However, we expectin the event that any such increases inthe gross commission income willgenerated by our franchisees increases as a result of increased transaction volume, we would expect to recognize an increase in increased overall royalty payments to us.
Non-standard incentives may also be used as consideration to attract, retain and help grow certain franchisees. Most of our franchisees do not receive these non-standard incentives and in contrast to volume incentives, the majority are not homesale transaction based. We expect that the trend of increasing non-standard incentives will continue in the future in order to attract, retain, and help grow certain franchisees. This may result in slower growth in our net royalty per side as compared to homesale transaction volume.
NRT hasOur Owned Brokerage Services have a significant concentration of real estate brokerage offices and transactions in geographic regions where home prices are at the higher end of the U.S. real estate market, particularly the east and west coasts, while RFG hasour Franchised Services have franchised offices that are more widely dispersed across the United States. Accordingly, operating results and homesale statistics may differ between NRTour Owned Brokerage and RFGour Franchised Services based upon geographic presence and the corresponding homesale activity in each geographic region. In addition, the share of commissions earned by independent sales agents directly impacts the margin earned by NRT.our Owned Brokerage Services. Such share of commissions earned by independent sales agents varies by region and commission schedules are generally progressive to incentivize sales agents to achieve higher levels of production. WeCommission share has been and we expect that commission share will continue to be subject to upward pressure in favor of the independent sales agent becausefor a variety of the increased bargaining power of independent sales agents and teams as well asfactors, including more aggressive recruitment and retention activities taken by us and our competitors.competitors as well as growth in independent sales agent teams.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Discussed below are our condensed consolidated results of operations and the results of operations for each of our reportable segments. The reportable segments presented below represent our operating segments for which separate financial information is available and which is utilized on a regular basis by our chief operating decision maker to assess performance and to allocate resources. In identifying our reportable segments, we also consider the nature of services provided by our operating segments. Management evaluates the operating results of each of our reportable segments based upon revenue and Operating EBITDA. Operating EBITDA is defined by us as net income (loss) before depreciation and amortization, interest expense, net (other than relocation services interest for securitization assets and securitization obligations), income taxes, and other items that are not core to the operating activities of the Company such as restructuring charges, former parent legacy items, gains or losses on the early extinguishment of debt, asset impairments, gains or losses on discontinued operations and gains or losses on the sale of investments or other assets. Our presentation of Operating EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
Three Months Ended September 30, 20182019 vs. Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 20172018
Our consolidated results comprised the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | | |
| | 2019 | | 2018 | | Change |
| Net revenues | $ | 1,629 | | | $ | 1,676 | | | $ | (47) | |
| Total expenses | 1,713 | | | 1,531 | | | 182 | |
| (Loss) income before income taxes, equity in (earnings) losses and noncontrolling interests | (84) | | | 145 | | | (229) | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (8) | | | 40 | | | (48) | |
| Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities | (7) | | | 1 | | | (8) | |
| Net (loss) income | (69) | | | 104 | | | (173) | |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1) | | | (1) | | | — | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | (70) | | | $ | 103 | | | $ | (173) | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | Change |
| Net revenues | $ | 1,676 |
| | $ | 1,674 |
| | $ | 2 |
|
| Total expenses (1) | 1,531 |
| | 1,521 |
| | 10 |
|
| Income before income taxes, equity in (earnings) losses and noncontrolling interests | 145 |
| | 153 |
| | (8 | ) |
| Income tax expense | 40 |
| | 67 |
| | (27 | ) |
| Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities | 1 |
| | (10 | ) | | 11 |
|
| Net income | 104 |
| | 96 |
| | 8 |
|
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | — |
|
| Net income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | 103 |
| | $ | 95 |
| | $ | 8 |
|
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| |
(1) | Total expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 includes $9 million of restructuring charges, partially offset by $7 million of gains related to mark-to-market adjustments for our interest rate swaps. Total expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017 includes $2 million of restructuring charges, $1 million related to loss on the early extinguishment of debt and a net cost of $1 million of former parent legacy items. |
Total netNet revenues remained constantdecreased $47 million or 3% for the three months ended September 30, 20182019 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2017.2018 primarily driven by lower homesale transaction volume at our Owned Brokerage Services.
Total expenses for the third quarter of 2019 increased $10$182 million or 1%compared to the third quarter of 2018 primarily due to:
•an impairment charge of $180 million which reduced goodwill at the Owned Brokerage Services segment;
•a $15$25 million net increase in interest expense primarily due to a $19 million net expense related to our mark-to-market adjustments for our interest rate swaps that resulted in losses of $12 million during the third quarter of 2019 compared to gains of $7 million during the third quarter of 2018, and a $6 million increase in interest expense primarily due to the refinancing of Senior Notes in the first quarter of 2019; and
•a $6 million increase in operating and general and administrative expenses primarily due to employee-related and other operating costs,
partially offset by;
•a $27 million decrease in commission and other sales agent-related costs due toprimarily as a result of the impact of initiatives focusedlower homesale transaction volume at our Owned Brokerage Services; and
•a $10 million gain on growing and retaining our productive independent sales agent base; andthe early extinguishment of debt as a result of the repurchase of Senior Notes completed in the third quarter of 2019.
$9Earnings from equity investments were $7 million of restructuring costs primarily for the Company's restructuring program related to leadership realignment and other restructuring activities during the third quarter of 20182019 compared to $2 millionlosses of restructuring costs incurred for the same period in 2017 related to the Company's business optimization plan.
The increases were partially offset by a $9 million decrease in operating expenses and general and administrative expenses primarily driven by:
a $14 million decrease in employee related costs primarily due to lower incentive accruals and cost savings initiatives;
a $3 million decrease in expenses related to the brand conferences and franchisee events at RFG; and
a $2 million net positive impact from foreign currency exchange rates on expenses at Cartus,
partially offset by an $11 million increase in costs at TRG primarily due to an increase in underwriter revenue with unaffiliated agents where the revenue and expense is recorded on a gross basis and other operating costs.
Losses from equity investments were $1 million during the third quarter of 2018 primarily relateddue to the operationsan improvement in earnings of Guaranteed Rate Affinity. Guaranteed Rate Affinity, which began doing business in August 2017 on a phased-in basis, has been challenged due to tight industry margins in a highly competitive industry as well as rising mortgage rates.
During the third quarter of 2017, the Company recorded $10 million of equity earnings primarily due to $14 million of earnings recognized from the first two phases of the sale of PHH Home Loans' assets to Guaranteed Rate Affinity, partially offset by the recognition of $2 million of exit costs at PHH Home Loans and $2 million of costs associated with the start up of operations of Guaranteed Rate Affinity.
During the third quarter of 2018,2019, we incurred $9$11 million of restructuring costs primarily related to the Company's restructuring program relatedfocused on office consolidation and instituting operational efficiencies to leadership realignment and other restructuring activities which began in the first quarter of 2018.drive profitability. The Company expects to incur an additional $18 million related to the current restructuring plan bringing the estimated total cost of the plan to $61be approximately $66 million, with $28 million incurred through the third quarter of 2019. See Note 6, "Restructuring Costs", in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Company's provision for income taxes in interim periods is computed by applying its estimated annual effective tax rate against the income or loss before income taxes for the period. In addition, non-recurring or discrete items are recorded in the period in which they occur. The provision for income taxes was a benefit of $8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to an expense of $40 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Our effective tax rate was 10% and 28% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily impacted by discrete items in the quarter related to the goodwill impairment charge and equity awards which expired during the third quarter of 2019.
The following table reflects the results of each of our reportable segments during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Revenues (a) | | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | | | Change |
| | 2019 | | 2018 | | | | | | 2019 | | 2018 | | | | | | 2019 | | 2018 | | |
| Franchised Services | $ | 216 | | | $ | 221 | | | $ | (5) | | | (2) | % | | $ | 153 | | | $ | 161 | | | $ | (8) | | | (5) | % | | 71 | % | | 73 | % | | (2) | |
| Owned Brokerage Services | 1,222 | | | 1,268 | | | (46) | | | (4) | | | 31 | | | 43 | | | (12) | | | (28) | | | 3 | | | 3 | | | — | |
| Relocation Services | 103 | | | 108 | | | (5) | | | (5) | | | 34 | | | 39 | | | (5) | | | (13) | | | 33 | | | 36 | | | (3) | |
| Title and Settlement Services | 170 | | | 162 | | | 8 | | | 5 | | | 31 | | | 20 | | | 11 | | | 55 | | | 18 | | | 12 | | | 6 | |
| Corporate and Other | (82) | | | (83) | | | 1 | | | * | | | (26) | | | (21) | | | (5) | | | * | | | | | | | |
| Total Company | $ | 1,629 | | | $ | 1,676 | | | $ | (47) | | | (3) | % | | $ | 223 | | | $ | 242 | | | $ | (19) | | | (8) | % | | 14 | % | | 14 | % | | — | |
| Less: Depreciation and amortization | | | | | | | | | 50 | | | 49 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense, net | | | | | | | | | 66 | | | 41 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | | | | | | | | | (8) | | | 40 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Restructuring costs, net (b) | | | | | | | | | 11 | | | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Impairments (c) | | | | | | | | | 183 | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Former parent legacy cost, net (d) | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gain on the early extinguishment of debt (d) | | | | | | | | | (10) | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | | | | | | | | $ | (70) | | | $ | 103 | | | | | | | | | | | |
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* not meaningful
(a)Includes the elimination of transactions between segments, which consists of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by our Owned Brokerage Services segment of $82 million and $83 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(b)Restructuring charges incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2019 include $1 million at the Franchised Services segment, $8 million at the Owned Brokerage Services segment, $1 million at the Relocation Services segment and $1 million at the Corporate and Other segment. Restructuring charges incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2018 include $1 million at the Franchised Services segment and $8 million at the Owned Brokerage Services segment.
(c)Impairments for the three months ended September 30, 2019 includes a goodwill impairment charge of $180 million which reduced goodwill at the Owned Brokerage Services segment and $3 million of other impairment charges related to lease asset impairments.
(d)Former parent legacy items and gain on the early extinguishment of debt is recorded in the Corporate and Other segment. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company repurchased $93 million of its 4.875% Senior Notes through open market purchases resulting in a gain on the early extinguishment of debt of $10 million.
As described in the aforementioned table, Operating EBITDA margin for "Total Company" expressed as a percentage of revenues remained flat at 14% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. On a segment basis, our Franchised Services segment margin decreased 2 percentage points to 71% from 73% primarily due to a decrease in royalty revenue. Our Owned Brokerage Services segment margin remained flat at 3%. Our Relocation Services segment margin decreased 3 percentage points to 33% from 36% primarily due to a decrease in international and referral revenues. Our Title and Settlement Services segment margin increased 6 percentage points to 18% from 12% primarily as a result of an increase in earnings from equity investments and an increase in refinancing revenue.
The Corporate and Other segment Operating EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2019 decreased $5 million to negative $26 million primarily due to an increase in employee-related and other costs.
Franchised and Owned Brokerage Services on a Combined Basis
The following table reflects our Franchised and Owned Brokerage Services results before the intercompany royalties and marketing fees as well as on a combined basis to show the Operating EBITDA contribution of these business units to the overall Operating EBITDA of the Company. The Operating EBITDA margin for the combined segments decreased 1 percentage point from 15% to 14% primarily due to lower transaction volume during the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Revenues | | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | | | Change |
| | 2019 | | 2018 | | | | | | 2019 | | 2018 | | | | | | 2019 | | 2018 | | |
| Franchised Services (a) | $ | 134 | | | $ | 138 | | | (4) | | | (3) | % | | $ | 71 | | | $ | 78 | | | (7) | | | (9) | % | | 53 | % | | 57 | % | | (4) | |
| Owned Brokerage Services (a) | 1,222 | | | 1,268 | | | (46) | | | (4) | % | | 113 | | | 126 | | | (13) | | | (10) | % | | 9 | % | | 10 | % | | (1) | |
| Franchised and Owned Brokerage Services Combined | $ | 1,356 | | | $ | 1,406 | | | (50) | | | (4) | % | | $ | 184 | | | $ | 204 | | | (20) | | | (10) | % | | 14 | % | | 15 | % | | (1) | |
_______________
(a)The segment numbers noted above do not reflect the impact of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by our Owned Brokerage Services to our Franchised Services of $82 million and $83 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Real Estate Franchise Services (Franchised Services)
Revenues decreased $5 million to $216 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $8 million to $153 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018.
Revenues decreased $5 million primarily as a result of a $2 million decrease in intercompany royalties received from our Owned Brokerage Services segment, a $1 million decrease in third-party domestic franchisee royalty revenue and a $1 million decrease in international area development fee revenue.
Our Franchised Services segment revenue includes intercompany royalties received from our Owned Brokerage Services segment of $78 million and $80 million during the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation against the expense reflected in our Owned Brokerage Services segment results.
The $8 million decrease in Operating EBITDA was principally due to the $5 million decrease in revenues discussed above and a $3 million increase in other operating costs.
Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage (Owned Brokerage Services)
Revenues decreased $46 million to $1,222 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $12 million to $31 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018.
The revenue decrease of $46 million was primarily driven by a 3% decrease in homesale transaction volume at our Owned Brokerage Services segment. Our Owned Brokerage Services segment saw lower transaction volume primarily driven by the competitive environment as well as our geographic concentration.
Operating EBITDA decreased $12 million primarily due to the $46 million decrease in revenues discussed above partially offset by:
•a $27 million decrease in commission expenses paid to independent sales agents from $902 million in the third quarter of 2018 to $875 million in the third quarter of 2019. Commission expense decreased primarily as a result of the impact of lower homesale transaction volume as discussed above;
•a $5 million decrease in other costs including occupancy costs, employee-related costs and other operating costs; and
•a $2 million decrease in royalties paid to our Franchised Services segment from $80 million in the third quarter of 2018 to $78 million in the third quarter of 2019.
Relocation Services (Cartus)
Revenues decreased $5 million to $103 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $5 million to $34 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018.
Revenues decreased $5 million as a result of a $4 million decrease in international revenue due to lower volume and a $1 million decrease in referral revenue due to lower volume primarily driven by the absence of a large group move which occurred in 2018.
Operating EBITDA decreased $5 million primarily as a result of the $5 million decrease in revenue discussed above. Increases in employee and related expenses of approximately $2 million were offset by cost reductions primarily associated with cost savings initiatives.
Title and Settlement Services (TRG)
Revenues increased $8 million to $170 million and Operating EBITDA increased $11 million to $31 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018.
Revenues increased $8 million primarily as a result of a $6 million increase in refinancing revenue due to an increase in activity in the refinance market and a $2 million increase in underwriter revenue.
Operating EBITDA increased $11 million as a result of the $8 million increase in revenues discussed above and an $8 million increase in earnings from equity investments primarily related to Guaranteed Rate Affinity, partially offset by a $5 million increase in employee-related and other operating costs.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 vs. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Our consolidated results comprised the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | | | |
| | 2019 | | 2018 | | Change |
| Net revenues | $ | 4,478 | | | $ | 4,725 | | | $ | (247) | |
| Total expenses | 4,600 | | | 4,488 | | | 112 | |
| (Loss) income before income taxes, equity in (earnings) losses and noncontrolling interests | (122) | | | 237 | | | (359) | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (9) | | | 73 | | | (82) | |
| Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities | (15) | | | 3 | | | (18) | |
| Net (loss) income | (98) | | | 161 | | | (259) | |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (2) | | | (2) | | | — | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | (100) | | | $ | 159 | | | $ | (259) | |
Net revenues decreased $247 million or 5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily driven by lower homesale transaction volume at our Owned Brokerage Services.
Total expenses increased $112 million or 2% compared to the same period of 2018 primarily due to:
•an impairment charge of $180 million which reduced goodwill at the Owned Brokerage Services segment;
•a $90 million net increase in interest expense primarily due to a $69 million net expense related to our mark-to-market adjustments for our interest rate swaps that resulted in losses of $50 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to gains of $19 million during the same period of 2018, and a $21 million increase in interest expense primarily due to the refinancing of Senior Notes in the first quarter of 2019; and
•a $5 million increase in operating and general and administrative expenses primarily due to employee-related and other operating costs.
The expense increases were partially offset by:
•a $151 million decrease in commission and other sales agent-related costs primarily as a result of the impact of lower homesale transaction volume at our Owned Brokerage Services;
•a $13 million decrease in restructuring costs; and
•a $5 million net gain on the early extinguishment of debt during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 partially due to the repurchase of Senior Notes during the third quarter of 2019 compared to a $7 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as a result of the refinancing transactions in February 2018.
Earnings from equity investments were $15 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to losses of $3 million during the same period of 2018 primarily due to an improvement in earnings of Guaranteed Rate Affinity.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we incurred $32 million of restructuring costs primarily related to the Company's restructuring program focused on office consolidation and instituting operational efficiencies to drive profitability. The Company expects the estimated total cost of the plan to be approximately $66 million, with $28 million incurred through the third quarter of 2019. See Note 6, "Restructuring Costs", in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Company's provision for income taxes in interim periods is computed by applying its estimated annual effective tax rate against the income or loss before income taxes for the period. In addition, non-recurring or discrete items are recorded in the period in which they occur. The provision for income taxes was $40a benefit of $9 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to $67an expense of $73 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 2017. Our federal and state blended statutory rate is estimated to be 27% for 2018 and our full year effective tax rate is estimated to be 31%.2018. Our effective tax rate was 28%8% and 41%31% for the threenine months ended September 30, 20182019 and September 30, 2017,2018, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily impacted by discrete items related to the goodwill impairment charge in the third quarter of 2019, equity awards for which the market value at vesting was lower than at the date of grant and equity awards which expired during the third quarter of 2019.
The following table reflects the results of each of our reportable segments during the threenine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Revenues (a) | | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | | | Change |
| | 2019 | | 2018 | | | | | | 2019 | | 2018 | | | | | | 2019 | | 2018 | | |
| Franchised Services | $ | 613 | | | $ | 634 | | | $ | (21) | | | (3) | % | | $ | 406 | | | $ | 439 | | | $ | (33) | | | (8) | % | | 66 | % | | 69 | % | | (3) | |
| Owned Brokerage Services | 3,369 | | | 3,593 | | | (224) | | | (6) | | | 16 | | | 59 | | | (43) | | | (73) | | | — | | | 2 | | | (2) | |
| Relocation Services | 276 | | | 292 | | | (16) | | | (5) | | | 63 | | | 72 | | | (9) | | | (13) | | | 23 | | | 25 | | | (2) | |
| Title and Settlement Services | 444 | | | 444 | | | — | | | — | | | 54 | | | 45 | | | 9 | | | 20 | | | 12 | | | 10 | | | 2 | |
| Corporate and Other | (224) | | | (238) | | | 14 | | | * | | | (75) | | | (63) | | | (12) | | | * | | | | | | | |
| Total Company | $ | 4,478 | | | $ | 4,725 | | | $ | (247) | | | (5) | % | | $ | 464 | | | $ | 552 | | | $ | (88) | | | (16) | % | | 10 | % | | 12 | % | | (2) | |
| Less: Depreciation and amortization (b) | | | | | | | | | 149 | | | 148 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense, net | | | | | | | | | 210 | | | 120 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | | | | | | | | | (9) | | | 73 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Restructuring costs, net (c) | | | | | | | | | 32 | | | 45 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Impairments (d) | | | | | | | | | 186 | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Former parent legacy cost, net (e) | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Gain) loss on the early extinguishment of debt (e) | | | | | | | | | (5) | | | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | | | | | | | | $ | (100) | | | $ | 159 | | | | | | | | | | | |
_______________
* not meaningful
(a)Includes the elimination of transactions between segments, which consists of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by our Owned Brokerage Services segment of $224 million and $238 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(b)Depreciation and amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes $2 million of amortization expense related to Guaranteed Rate Affinity's purchase accounting included in the "Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities" line on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
(c)Restructuring charges incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 include $1 million at the Franchised Services segment, $18 million at the Owned Brokerage Services segment, $5 million at the Relocation Services segment, $2 million at the Title and 2017:Settlement Services segment and $6 million at Corporate and Other segment. Restructuring charges incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 include $3 million at the Franchised Services Segment, $29 million at the Owned Brokerage Services Segment, $9 million at the Relocation segment, $2 million at Title and Settlement segment and $2 million at Corporate and Other segment.
(d)Impairments for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 includes a goodwill impairment charge of $180 million which reduced goodwill at the Owned Brokerage Services segment and $6 million of other impairment charges primarily related to lease asset impairments. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Revenues (a) | | $ Change | | % Change | | Operating EBITDA | | $ Change | | % Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | Change |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | | | 2018 | | 2017 | | | | 2018 | | 2017 | |
| RFG | $ | 221 |
| | $ | 224 |
| | $ | (3 | ) | | (1 | )% | | $ | 161 |
| | $ | 159 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | 1 | % | | 73 | % | | 71 | % | | 2 |
|
| NRT (b) | 1,268 |
| | 1,267 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 43 |
| | 64 |
| | (21 | ) | | (33 | ) | | 3 |
| | 5 |
| | (2 | ) |
| Cartus | 108 |
| | 111 |
| | (3 | ) | | (3 | ) | | 39 |
| | 37 |
| | 2 |
| | 5 | | 36 |
| | 33 |
| | 3 |
|
| TRG | 162 |
| | 154 |
| | 8 |
| | 5 |
| | 20 |
| | 21 |
| | (1 | ) | | (5) | | 12 |
| | 14 |
| | (2 | ) |
| Corporate and Other | (83 | ) | | (82 | ) | | (1 | ) | | * | | (21 | ) | | (23 | ) | | 2 |
| | * | | | | | | |
| Total Company | $ | 1,676 |
| | $ | 1,674 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | — | % | | $ | 242 |
| | $ | 258 |
| | $ | (16 | ) | | (6 | %) | | 14 | % | | 15 | % | | (1 | ) |
| Less: Depreciation and amortization (c) | | 49 |
| | 51 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense, net | | 41 |
| | 41 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Income tax expense | | 40 |
| | 67 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Restructuring costs, net (d) | | 9 |
| | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Former parent legacy cost, net (e) | | — |
| | 1 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (e) | | — |
| | 1 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | $ | 103 |
| | $ | 95 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
_______________
| |
(a) | Includes the elimination of transactions between segments, which consists of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by NRT of $83 million and $82 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. |
| |
(b) | NRT Operating EBITDA includes $12 million of equity earnings from PHH Home Loans for the three months ended September 30, 2017. |
| |
(c) | Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended September 30, 2017 includes $1 million of amortization expense related to Guaranteed Rate Affinity's purchase accounting included in the "Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities" line on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. |
| |
(d) | Restructuring charges incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2018 include $1 million at RFG and $8 million at NRT. Restructuring charges incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2017 include $2 million at NRT. |
| |
(e) | Former parent legacy items and loss on the early extinguishment of debt are recorded in the Corporate and Other segment. |
As described in the aforementioned table, Operating EBITDA margin for "Total Company" expressed as a percentage of revenues decreased 12 percentage pointpoints to 14%10% from 15%12% for the threenine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017.2018. On a segment basis, RFG'sour Franchised Services segment margin decreased 3 percentage points to 66% from 69% primarily due to a decrease in royalty revenues. Our Owned Brokerage Services segment margin decreased 2 percentage points to zero from 2% primarily due to lower transaction volume. Our Relocation Services segment margin decreased 2 percentage points to 23% from 25% primarily due to a decrease in international and referral revenues. Our Title and Settlement Services segment margin increased 2 percentage points to 73% from 71% primarily due to a decrease in employee related costs. NRT's margin decreased 2 percentage points to 3% from 5% primarily due to higher sales commission percentages paid to its independent sales agents during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Cartus' margin increased 3 percentage points to 36% from 33% primarily due to a decrease in employee
related costs as a result of cost savings initiatives and the net positive impact from foreign currency exchange rates on expenses. TRG's margin decreased 2 percentage points to 12% from 14%10% primarily as a result of an increaseimproved earnings from equity investments and a reduction in underwriter revenue with unaffiliated agents where the revenue and expense is recorded on a gross basis.reserve for contingent consideration.
The Corporate and Other segment Operating EBITDA for the threenine months ended September 30, 2018 improved $22019 decreased $12 million to negative $21$75 million primarily due to a decrease in professional fees.
Real Estate Franchise Services (RFG)
Revenues decreased $3 million to $221 million and Operating EBITDA increased $2 million to $161 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared with the same period in 2017.
Revenues decreased $3 million primarily as a result of a $3 million decrease in other revenue from timing of brand conferences and franchisee events during the third quarter of 2018 compared with 2017. The $3 million decrease in brand conferences and franchisee event revenue was offset by a $3 million decrease in brand conferences and franchisee event expense, therefore there was no net impact on Operating EBITDA for these events.
RFG revenue includes intercompany royalties received from NRT of $80 million and $81 million during the third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation against the expense reflected in NRT's segment results.
The $2$12 million increase in Operating EBITDA was principally due to a $3 million decrease in employee relatedemployee-related and other costs.
Company
Franchised and Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services (NRT)
Revenues increased $1 million to $1,268 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $21 million to $43 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared with the same period in 2017.
The revenue increase of $1 million was comprised of a $7 million increase in commission income earned from acquisitions, partially offset by a $6 million decrease in commission income earned on homesale transactions by our existing brokerage operations. Homesale transaction volume was flat driven by a 1% decrease in the number of homesale transactions offset by a 1% increase in average homesale price. NRT saw lower transaction volume in the New York metropolitan area and in the west coast, as well as a lower closing volume in its new development business, which is generally at a higher price point, compared to the same quarter in 2017.
Operating EBITDA decreased $21 million primarily due to:
a $15 million increase in commission expenses paid to independent sales agents from $887 million in the third quarter of 2017 to $902 million in the third quarter of 2018. The $15 million increase is comprised of a $10 million increase in commission expense due to our existing brokerage operations, as a result of the impact of initiatives focused on growing and retaining our productive independent sales agent base and higher homesale transaction volume, as well as a $5 million increase in commission expense related to acquisitions; and
the absence of $12 million in earnings from our equity method investment in PHH Home Loans due to earnings from the first two phases of the sale of PHH Home Loan's assets to Guaranteed Rate Affinity during the third quarter of 2017.
These Operating EBITDA decreases were partially offset by:
a $6 million decrease in employee related costs primarily due to lower incentive accruals; and
the $1 million increase in revenues discussed above.
RFG and NRT on a Combined Basis
The following table reflects RFGFranchised and NRTOwned Brokerage Services results before the intercompany royalties and marketing fees as well as on a combined basis to show the Operating EBITDA contribution of these business units to the overall Operating EBITDA of the Company. The Operating EBITDA margin for the combined segments decreased 1 percentage point from 16%12% to 15%11% primarily due to higher sales commission percentages paidlower transaction volume during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to independent sales agents affiliated with NRT:the same period of 2018:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Revenues | | Change | | % Change | | Operating EBITDA | | Change | | % Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | Change |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | | | 2018 | | 2017 | | | | 2018 | | 2017 | |
| RFG (a) | $ | 138 |
| | $ | 142 |
| | $ | (4 | ) | | (3 | )% | | $ | 78 |
| | $ | 77 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | 1 | % | | 57 | % | | 54 | % | | 3 |
|
| NRT (a) (b) | 1,268 |
| | 1,267 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 126 |
| | 146 |
| | (20 | ) | | (14 | ) | | 10 |
| | 12 |
| | (2 | ) |
| RFG and NRT Combined | $ | 1,406 |
| | $ | 1,409 |
| | $ | (3 | ) | | — | % | | $ | 204 |
| | $ | 223 |
| | $ | (19 | ) | | (9 | %) | | 15 | % | | 16 | % | | (1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Revenues | | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA | | | | $ Change | | %
Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | | | Change |
| | 2019 | | 2018 | | | | | | 2019 | | 2018 | | | | | | 2019 | | 2018 | | |
| Franchised Services (a) | $ | 389 | | | $ | 396 | | | (7) | | | (2) | % | | $ | 182 | | | $ | 201 | | | (19) | | | (9) | % | | 47 | % | | 51 | % | | (4) | |
| Owned Brokerage Services (a) | 3,369 | | | 3,593 | | | (224) | | | (6) | % | | 240 | | | 297 | | | (57) | | | (19) | % | | 7 | % | | 8 | % | | (1) | |
| Franchised and Owned Brokerage Services Combined | $ | 3,758 | | | $ | 3,989 | | | (231) | | | (6) | % | | $ | 422 | | | $ | 498 | | | (76) | | | (15) | % | | 11 | % | | 12 | % | | (1) | |
_______________
| |
(a) | The RFG and NRT segment numbers noted above do not reflect the impact of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by NRT to RFG of $83 million and $82 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. |
| |
(b) | NRT Operating EBITDA includes $12 million of equity earnings from PHH Home Loans for the three months ended September 30, 2017. |
(a)The segment numbers noted above do not reflect the impact of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by our Owned Brokerage Services to our Franchised Services of $224 million and $238 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Relocation
Real Estate Franchise Services (Cartus)(Franchised Services)
Revenues decreased $3$21 million to $108$613 million and Operating EBITDA increased $2decreased $33 million to $39$406 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared with the same period in 2017.2018.
Revenues decreased $3$21 million primarily as a result of a $6$13 million decrease in third-party domestic franchisee royalty revenue primarily due to a 3% decrease in transaction volume at our Franchised Services segment, a $14 million decrease in intercompany royalties received from our Owned Brokerage Services segment and a $2 million decrease in international revenue primarily due to lower volume and lower revenue per initiation,royalties, partially offset by a $2 million increase in affinityinternational area development fee revenue as a result of contract terminations. Registration revenue and a $2other brand marketing fund revenue increased $8 million increase in other referral revenue bothand related expenses increased $9 million, primarily due to higher volume.the level and timing of advertising spending and conferences including the RGX event during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.
Our Franchised Services segment revenue includes intercompany royalties received from our Owned Brokerage Services segment of $215 million and $229 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation against the expense reflected in our Owned Brokerage Services segment results.
The $33 million decrease in Operating EBITDA was principally due to the $29 million decrease in royalty revenues discussed above.
Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage (Owned Brokerage Services)
Revenues decreased $224 million to $3,369 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $43 million to $16 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018.
The revenue decrease of $224 million was primarily driven by a 6% decrease in homesale transaction volume at our Owned Brokerage Services segment. Our Owned Brokerage Services segment saw lower transaction volume primarily driven by the competitive environment as well as our geographic concentration.
Operating EBITDA increased $2decreased $43 million primarily due to the $224 million decrease in revenues discussed above partially offset by:
•a $151 million decrease in commission expenses paid to independent sales agents from $2,556 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $2,405 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Commission expense decreased primarily as a result of the impact of lower homesale transaction volume as discussed above;
•a $14 million decrease in royalties paid to our Franchised Services segment from $229 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $215 million in the same period of 2019; and
•a $15 million decrease in other costs including occupancy costs, employee-related costs and other operating costs.
Relocation Services (Cartus)
Revenues decreased $16 million to $276 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $9 million to $63 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018.
Revenues decreased $16 million primarily as a result of a $3$10 million decrease in otherinternational revenue due to lower volume and a $6 million decrease in referral revenue due to lower volume largely driven by the absence of a large group move which occurred in 2018.
Operating EBITDA decreased $9 million primarily as a result of the $16 million decrease in revenues discussed above, partially offset by lower operating expenses driven primarily by a $6 million decrease in net employee-related and employee relatedother costs primarily due to cost savings initiatives and a $2 million net positive impact from foreign currency exchange rates on expenses, partially offset by the $3 million decrease in revenues discussed above.expenses.
Title and Settlement Services (TRG)
Revenues increased $8 million to $162remained flat at $444 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $1increased $9 million to $20$54 million for the threenine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared with the same period in 2017.2018.
Revenues increased $8 millionremained flat primarily as a result of a $10$7 million increase in underwriter revenue due to an increase of underwriter premiums as a result of a shift in mix to unaffiliated agents as well asand a $1$6 million increase in resalerefinance revenue due to an increase in average fees, partially offset by a $3 million decrease in refinancing revenue due to an overall decrease in activity in the refinance market.market, offset by a $13 million decrease in resale revenue due to a decline in purchase transactions.
Operating EBITDA decreased $1increased $9 million primarily as a result of a $16 million increase in earnings from equity investments primarily related to Guaranteed Rate Affinity during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period of 2018 and a $2 million reduction in a reserve for contingent consideration. These increases were partially offset by an increase of $8$5 million in operating costs primarily due to an increase in underwriter revenue with unaffiliated agents where the revenue and expense is recorded on a gross basis and a $3$4 million increase in other operating expenses, offset by the $8 million increase in revenues discussed above and a $3 million decrease in employee related costs.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 vs. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Our consolidated results comprised the following:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | Change |
| Net revenues | $ | 4,725 |
| | $ | 4,670 |
| | $ | 55 |
|
| Total expenses (1) | 4,488 |
| | 4,368 |
| | 120 |
|
| Income before income taxes, equity in (earnings) losses and noncontrolling interests | 237 |
| | 302 |
| | (65 | ) |
| Income tax expense | 73 |
| | 131 |
| | (58 | ) |
| Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities | 3 |
| | (7 | ) | | 10 |
|
| Net income | 161 |
| | 178 |
| | (17 | ) |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) | | — |
|
| Net income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | $ | 159 |
| | $ | 176 |
| | $ | (17 | ) |
_______________
| |
(1) | Total expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes $45 million of restructuring charges and $7 million related to loss on the early extinguishment of debt as a result of the debt transactions in the first quarter of 2018, partially offset by $19 million of gains related to mark-to-market adjustments for our interest rate swaps. Total expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes $9 million of restructuring charges, an $8 million expense related to the settlement of the Strader legal matter, $5 million related to losses on the early extinguishment of debt and $4 million of losses related to mark-to-market adjustments for our interest rate swaps, partially offset by a net benefit of $10 million of former parent legacy items. |
Net revenues increased $55 million or 1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared with the same period in 2017, principally due to increases in gross commission income and franchise fees as a result of higher homesale transaction volume of 3% on a combined basis for NRT and RFG and an increase in underwriter and resale revenues at TRG.
Total expenses increased $120 million or 3% primarily due to:
a $94 million increase in commission and other sales agent-related costs due to the impact of initiatives focused on growing and retaining our productive independent sales agent base and higher homesale transaction volume including a shift in mix in 2018 to lower closing volume in the new development business, which typically has lower commission expense compared to traditional brokerage operations, as well as an increase in commission expense related to acquisitions;
$45 million of restructuring costs primarily for the Company's restructuring program related to leadership realignment and other restructuring activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $9 million of restructuring costs incurred for the same period in 2017 related to the Company's business optimization plan; and
the absence of former parent legacy benefits of $10 million related to the settlement of a Cendant legacy tax matter during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
The expense increases were partially offset by:
a $16 million decrease in operating and general and administrative expenses primarily driven by:
| |
◦ | a $31 million decrease in employee related costs primarily due to lower incentive accruals and cost savings initiatives; |
| |
◦ | the absence of an $8 million expense related to the settlement of the Strader legal matter during the second quarter of 2017; |
| |
◦ | a $3 million decrease in professional fees supporting strategic initiatives; and |
| |
◦ | a $3 million decrease in expenses related to the brand conferences and franchisee events; |
partially offset by,
| |
◦ | an $11 million increase in other costs at NRT including a $4 million increase in occupancy costs, a $4 million increase in outsourcing costs and a $2 million increase in earn-out costs; and |
| |
◦ | a $20 million increase in costs at TRG primarily due to an increase in underwriter revenue with unaffiliated agents where the revenue and expense is recorded on a gross basis and other operating costs; and |
a $7 million net decrease in interest expense to $120 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $127 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to mark-to-market adjustments for our interest rate swaps that resulted in gains of $19 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to losses of $4 million for the same period in 2017, partially offset by an increase in interest expense due to LIBOR rates increases and a $2 million write off of financing costs to interest expense as a result of the refinancing transactions in February 2018.
Losses from equity investments were $3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily related to costs associated with the operations of Guaranteed Rate Affinity. Guaranteed Rate Affinity, which began doing business in August 2017 on a phased-in basis, has been challenged due to tight industry margins in a highly competitive industry as well as rising mortgage rates.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded earnings from equity investments of $7 million, which related to $14 million in earnings from the first two phases of the sale of PHH Home Loans' assets to Guaranteed Rate Affinity, partially offset by the recognition of $5 million exit costs at PHH Home Loans and $2 million of costs associated with the start up of operations of Guaranteed Rate Affinity.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred $45 million of restructuring costs primarily related to the Company's restructuring program related to leadership realignment and other restructuring activities, which began in the first quarter of 2018, compared to $9 million of costs related to the Company's business optimization initiatives during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Company expects to incur an additional $18 million related to the current restructuring plan bringing the estimated total cost of the plan to $61 million. See Note 6, "Restructuring Costs", in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Company's provision for income taxes in interim periods is computed by applying its estimated annual effective tax rate against the income or loss before income taxes for the period. In addition, non-recurring or discrete items are recorded in the period in which they occur. The provision for income taxes was $73 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $131 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Our federal and state blended statutory rate is estimated to be 27% for 2018 and our full year effective tax rate is estimated to be 31%. Our effective tax rate was 31% and 42% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was impacted by a discrete item related to equity awards for which the market value at vesting was lower than at the date of grant, a discrete item related to an adjustment to the non-deductible portion of executive compensation (made as a result of the additional guidance issued by the IRS regarding amendments to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code contained in the 2017 Tax Act), partially offset by a discrete item related to state legislative changes. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily impacted by a discrete item related to equity awards for which the market value at vesting was lower than at the date of grant. The executive compensation adjustment noted above for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 reduced the net benefit recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017 relating to the 2017 Tax Act, which was a provisional amount that reflected the Company’s reasonable estimate at the time.
The following table reflects the results of each of our reportable segments during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Revenues (a) | | $ Change | | % Change | | Operating EBITDA (b) | | $ Change | | % Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | Change |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | | | 2018 | | 2017 | | | | 2018 | | 2017 | |
| RFG | $ | 634 |
| | $ | 631 |
| | $ | 3 |
| | — | % | | $ | 439 |
| | $ | 428 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | 3 | % | | 69 | % | | 68 | % | | 1 |
|
| NRT (c) | 3,593 |
| | 3,556 |
| | 37 |
| | 1 |
| | 59 |
| | 121 |
| | (62 | ) | | (51 | ) | | 2 |
| | 3 |
| | (1 | ) |
| Cartus | 292 |
| | 290 |
| | 2 |
| | 1 |
| | 72 |
| | 65 |
| | 7 |
| | 11 | | 25 |
| | 22 |
| | 3 |
|
| TRG | 444 |
| | 431 |
| | 13 |
| | 3 |
| | 45 |
| | 49 |
| | (4 | ) | | (8) | | 10 |
| | 11 |
| | (1 | ) |
| Corporate and Other | (238 | ) | | (238 | ) | | — |
| | * | | (63 | ) | | (75 | ) | | 12 |
| | * | | | | | | |
| Total Company | $ | 4,725 |
| | $ | 4,670 |
| | $ | 55 |
| | 1 | % | | $ | 552 |
| | $ | 588 |
| | $ | (36 | ) | | (6 | %) | | 12 | % | | 13 | % | | (1 | ) |
| Less: Depreciation and amortization (d) | | 148 |
| | 150 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense, net | | 120 |
| | 127 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Income tax expense | | 73 |
| | 131 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Restructuring costs, net (e) | | 45 |
| | 9 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Former parent legacy benefit, net (f) | | — |
| | (10 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loss on the early extinguishment of debt (f) | | 7 |
| | 5 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income attributable to Realogy Holdings and Realogy Group | | $ | 159 |
| | $ | 176 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
_______________
| |
(a) | Includes the elimination of transactions between segments, which consists of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by NRT of $238 million during both the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. |
| |
(b) | Includes an $8 million expense related to the settlement of the Strader legal matter in the Corporate and Other segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. |
| |
(c) | NRT Operating EBITDA includes $8 million of equity earnings from PHH Home Loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. |
| |
(d) | Depreciation and amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 includes $2 million and $1 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to Guaranteed Rate Affinity's purchase accounting included in the "Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities" line on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. |
| |
(e) | Restructuring charges incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 include $3 million at RFG, $29 million at NRT, $9 million at Cartus, $2 million at TRG and $2 million at Corporate and Other. Restructuring charges incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 include $1 million at RFG and $8 million at NRT. |
| |
(f) | Former parent legacy items and loss on the early extinguishment of debt are recorded in the Corporate and Other segment. |
As described in the aforementioned table, Operating EBITDA margin for "Total Company" expressed as a percentage of revenues decreased 1 percentage point to 12% from 13% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. On a segment basis, RFG's margin increased 1 percentage point to 69% from 68% primarily due to an increase in third-party domestic franchisee royalty revenue and international revenue and a decrease in employee related costs. NRT's margin decreased 1 percentage point to 2% from 3% primarily due to higher sales commission percentages paid to its independent sales agents during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 and the impact of lower closing volume in our new development business, which typically has higher margins. Cartus' margin increased 3 percentage points to 25% from 22% primarily due to a decrease in employee related costs as a result of cost savings initiatives. TRG's margin decreased 1 percentage point to 10% from 11% primarily as a result of an increase in underwriter revenue with unaffiliated agents where the revenue and expense is recorded on a gross basis.
Corporate and Other Operating EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 improved $12 million to negative $63 million primarily due to the absence of an $8 million expense related to the settlement of the Strader legal matter during the second quarter of 2017 and a $3 million decrease in professional fees supporting strategic initiatives.
Real Estate Franchise Services (RFG)
Revenues increased $3 million to $634 million and Operating EBITDA increased $11 million to $439 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared with the same period in 2017.
Revenues increased $3 million as a result of a $6 million increase in third-party domestic franchisee royalty revenue, primarily due to a 3% increase in homesale transaction volume, and a $3 million increase in international revenues. These increases were partially offset by a $4 million decrease in other revenue primarily due to the timing of brand conferences and franchisee events and a $3 million increase in non-standard incentives.
RFG revenue includes intercompany royalties received from NRT of $229 million during both the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, which are eliminated in consolidation against the expense reflected in NRT's segment results.
The $11 million increase in Operating EBITDA was principally due to the $3 million increase in revenues discussed above, a $6 million decrease in employee related costs and a $3 million decrease in expenses related to the brand conferences and franchisee events.
Company Owned Real Estate Brokerage Services (NRT)
Revenues increased $37 million to $3,593 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $62 million to $59 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared with the same period in 2017.
The revenue increase of $37 million was comprised of a $15 million increase in commission income earned on homesale transactions by our existing brokerage operations, despite a decrease in revenue from our new development business, and a $22 million increase in commission income earned from acquisitions. The increase was primarily driven by a 1% increase in homesale transaction volume due to NRT's average homesale price increase of 2%, partially offset by a 1% decrease in the number of homesale transactions. NRT saw lower transaction volume in the New York metropolitan area and in the west coast as well as a lower closing volume in its new development business, which is generally at a higher price point compared to the same quarter in 2017.
Operating EBITDA decreased $62 million primarily due to:
a $94 million increase in commission expenses paid to independent sales agents from $2,462 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to $2,556 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The $94 million increase is comprised of a $79 million increase in commission expense due to our existing brokerage operations as a result of the impact of initiatives focused on growing and retaining our productive independent sales agent base and higher homesale transaction volume including a shift in mix in 2018 to lower closing volume in the new development business, which typically has lower commission expense compared to traditional brokerage operations, as well as a $15 million increase in commission expense related to acquisitions;
an $11 million increase in other costs including a $4 million increase in occupancy costs, a $4 million increase in outsourcing costs and a $2 million increase in earn-out costs; and
the absence of $8 million in earnings from our equity method investment in PHH Home Loans primarily due to gains from the first two phases of the sale of PHH Home Loan's assets to Guaranteed Rate Affinity during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
These Operating EBITDA decreases were partially offset by:
the $37 million increase in revenues discussed above; and
a $16 million decrease in employee related costs primarily due to lower incentive accruals.
RFG and NRT on a Combined Basis
The following table reflects RFG and NRT results before the intercompany royalties and marketing fees as well as on a combined basis to show the Operating EBITDA contribution of these business units to the overall Operating EBITDA of the Company. The Operating EBITDA margin for the combined segments decreased 2 percentage points from 14% to 12% primarily due to higher sales commission percentages paid to independent sales agents affiliated with NRT and the impact of lower closing volume in NRT's new development business, which typically has higher margins:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Revenues | | Change | | % Change | | Operating EBITDA | | Change | | % Change | | Operating EBITDA Margin | | Change |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | | | 2018 | | 2017 | | | | 2018 | | 2017 | |
| RFG (a) | $ | 396 |
| | $ | 393 |
| | $ | 3 |
| | 1 | % | | $ | 201 |
| | $ | 190 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | 6 | % | | 51 | % | | 48 | % | | 3 |
|
| NRT (a) (b) | 3,593 |
| | 3,556 |
| | 37 |
| | 1 |
| | 297 |
| | 359 |
| | (62 | ) | | (17 | ) | | 8 |
| | 10 |
| | (2 | ) |
| RFG and NRT Combined | $ | 3,989 |
| | $ | 3,949 |
| | $ | 40 |
| | 1 | % | | $ | 498 |
| | $ | 549 |
| | $ | (51 | ) | | (9 | %) | | 12 | % | | 14 | % | | (2 | ) |
_______________
| |
(a) | The RFG and NRT segment numbers noted above do not reflect the impact of intercompany royalties and marketing fees paid by NRT to RFG of $238 million during both the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017. |
| |
(b) | NRT Operating EBITDA includes $8 million of equity earnings from PHH Home Loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. |
Relocation Services (Cartus)
Revenues increased $2 million to $292 million and Operating EBITDA increased $7 million to $72 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared with the same period in 2017.
Revenues increased $2 million as a result of a $6 million increase in affinity revenue and a $2 million increase in other revenue both primarily driven by higher volume, partially offset by a $5 million decrease in international revenue.
Operating EBITDA increased $7 million primarily as a result of the $2 million increase in revenues discussed above and a $7 million decrease in other expenses and employee related costs primarily due to cost savings initiatives, partially offset by a $1 million net negative impact from foreign currency exchange rates on expenses.
Title and Settlement Services (TRG)
Revenues increased $13 million to $444 million and Operating EBITDA decreased $4 million to $45 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared with the same period in 2017.
Revenues increased $13 million as a result of a $15 million increase in underwriter revenue due to an increase of underwriter premiums as a result of a shift in mix to unaffiliated agents, as well as a $9 million increase in resale revenue due to an increase in average fees, partially offset by a $10 million decrease in refinancing revenue due to an overall decrease in activity in the refinance market.
Operating EBITDA decreased $4 million as a result of an increase of $14 million in costs primarily due to an increase in underwriter revenue with unaffiliated agents where the revenue and expense is recorded on a gross basis and a $6 million increase in other operating costs, partially offset by the $13 million increase in revenues discussed above and a $3 million decrease in employee related costs.
FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Financial Condition
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| September 30, 2019 | | December 31, 2018 | | Change |
| Total assets | $ | 7,717 | | | $ | 7,290 | | | $ | 427 | |
| Total liabilities | 5,534 | | | 4,975 | | | 559 | |
| Total equity | 2,183 | | | 2,315 | | | (132) | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 | | Change |
| Total assets | $ | 7,438 |
| | $ | 7,337 |
| | $ | 101 |
|
| Total liabilities | 4,995 |
| | 4,715 |
| | 280 |
|
| Total equity | 2,443 |
| | 2,622 |
| | (179 | ) |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018,2019, total assets increased $101$427 million primarily due to the addition of $538 million of operating lease assets to the balance sheet in the first quarter of 2019 as a $138result of the adoption of the new leasing standard, a $46 million increase in trade and relocation receivables due to seasonal increases in volume, a $41 million increase in cash and cash equivalents, a $62$37 million increase in other non-current assets primarily due to the adjustment to prepaid expenses as a result of the adoption of the new revenue standard related to commissions paid to Realogy franchise sales employees,strategic investments and prepaid assets and an $11 million increase in interest rate swaps, an increase in long-term investmentsproperty and an increase in deferred financing costs related to the debt transactions that occurred during the first quarter of 2018. Theseequipment. Total asset increases were partially offset by a $180 million decrease in goodwill due to the impairment charge during the third quarter of 2019, reducing goodwill at our Owned Brokerage Services segment and a $74 million net decrease in franchise agreements and other amortizable intangible assets primarily due to amortization and a $25 million decrease in other current assets.amortization.
Total liabilities increased $280$559 million due to a $185 million increase in corporate debt primarily due to additional borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, a $70addition of $600 million increaseof operating lease liabilities to the balance sheet in securitization obligations, a $51 million increase in deferred tax liabilities, a $32 million increase in other non-current liabilities primarily due to deferred income for area development fees for international transactionsthe first quarter of 2019 as a result of the adoption of the new revenue standard and a $25 million increase in accounts payable. Theseleasing standard. Total liability increases were partially offset by a $83$23 million decrease in accrued expensescorporate debt primarily due to the repurchase of 4.875% Senior Notes during the third quarter of 2019, quarterly amortization payments on the term loan facilities and lower borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, partially offset by a net increase due to the issuance of 9.375% Senior Notes and redemption of 4.50% Senior Notes during the first quarter of 2019, a $15 million decrease in deferred tax liabilities and a $9 million decrease in other currentnon-current liabilities primarily due to lower employee-related accruals and $22 million in paymentsthe reclassification of contingent consideration.deferred rent liabilities which were credited against operating lease assets as a result of the adoption of the new leasing standard, partially offset by increased mark-to-market liabilities for the Company's interest rate swaps.
Total equity decreased $179$132 million primarily due to a $315 million decrease in additional paid in capital, related to the Company's repurchasenet loss of $302 million of common stock and $34 million of dividend payments, partially offset by stock-based compensation activity of $21 million. The decrease in total equity was partially offset by a $146 million increase which consists of net income of $159$100 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018,2019 and a $32 million decrease in additional paid in capital for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
The decrease in additional paid in capital primarily related to the Company's repurchase of $20 million of common stock during the first quarter of 2019 and $31 million of dividend payments during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, partially offset by $13stock-based compensation activity of $19 million due tofor the cumulative impact of adopting new accounting standards.nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary liquidity needs have been to service our debt and finance our working capital and capital expenditures and to acquire stock under our share repurchase program and pay dividends, which weWe have historically satisfied our liquidity needs with cash flows from operations and funds available under our Revolving Credit Facility and securitization facilities. In February 2018, the Company increased the borrowing capacity under its Revolving Credit Facility from $1,050 millionOur primary liquidity needs have been to $1,400 millionservice our debt, finance our working capital and extended the maturities of the Revolving Credit Facility, Term Loan A and Term Loan B.
We may use future cash flow to, among other things, acquirecapital expenditures. While we previously also acquired stock under our share repurchase program, pay dividends, enter into strategic relationshipsprograms (from February 2016 to February 2019), we announced in March 2019 that we currently expect to prioritize investing in our business and reducing indebtedness until we are able to reduce indebtedness.our consolidated leverage ratio (as defined in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes) to below 4.00 to 1.00. In February 2018, the Company'saddition, while we have paid a quarterly dividend since August 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $350 million of the Company’s common stock which was incremental to the remaining authorization under the share repurchase program authorizeddetermined in 2017. Repurchases under these programs may be made at management's discretion from time to time on the open market, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans or privately negotiated transactions. The size and timing of these repurchases will depend on price, market and economic conditions, legal and contractual requirements and other factors. The repurchase programs have no time limit and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
As of September 30, 2018, early November 2019 that, effective immediately, the Company has repurchasedwill no longer pay a dividend in order to further prioritize deleveraging and retired 29 million shares of common stock for an aggregate of $776 million under the share repurchase programs at a weighted average market price of $26.74 per share. Includedinvestment in the 29 million shares of common stock repurchased to date, the Company repurchased 4.7 million shares of common stock for $102 million at a weighted average market price of $21.37 per share during the third quarter of 2018. As of September 30, 2018, $149 million remained available for repurchase under the February 2018 share repurchase program.
During the period October 1, 2018 through October 31, 2018, we repurchased an additional 2.3 million shares at a weighted average market price of $19.15 per share. Giving effect to these repurchases, we had approximately $104 million of remaining capacity authorized under the February 2018 share repurchase program as of October 31, 2018.
Beginning in August 2016, we initiated and paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.09 per share and paid $0.09 per share cash dividends in every subsequent quarter. During the first nine months of 2018, we returned $34 million to stockholders through the dividend payments. The declaration and payment of any future dividend will be subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on a variety of factors, including the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, contractual restrictions (including restrictive covenants contained in the Company’s credit agreements, and the indentures governing the Company’s outstanding debt securities), capital requirements and other factors that the Board of Directors deems relevant.
We may also from time to time seek to repurchase our outstanding notes through tender offers, open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.
If the residential real estate market or the economy as a whole does not continue to improve or weakens, our business financial condition and liquidity may be materially adversely affected, including our ability to access capital and grow our business..
Historically, operating results and revenues for all of our businesses have been strongest in the second and third quarters of the calendar year. A significant portion of the expenses we incur in our real estate brokerage operations are related to marketing activities and commissions and therefore, are variable. However, many of our other expenses, such as interest payments, facilities costs and certain personnel-related costs, are fixed and cannot be reduced during the seasonal fluctuations in the business. Consequently, our debt balances are generally at their highest levels at or around the end of the first quarter of every year.
Our liquidity position continues to be impacted by our remaining interest expense and would be adversely impacted by stagnation or a downturnworsening of the residential real estate market or a significant increase in LIBOR or ABR.
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company repurchased $93 million of its 4.875% Senior Notes through open market purchases at an aggregate purchase price of $83 million.
In March 2019, the Company issued $550 million of 9.375% Senior Notes due in April 2027. We used $540 million of the net proceeds to repay a portion of outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility. In February 2019, the Company had used borrowings under its Revolving Credit Facility and cash on hand to fund the redemption of all of its outstanding $450 million 4.50% Senior Notes. The covenants in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes are substantially similar to the covenants in the indentures governing the 5.250% Senior Notes and the 4.785% Senior Notes, with certain exceptions, including changes relating to the Company’s ability to make restricted payments, including its ability to repurchase shares and make dividend payments in excess of $45 million per calendar year until the Company's consolidated leverage ratio is below 4.00 to 1.00.
In addition, we are required to pay quarterly amortization payments for the Term Loan B and Term Loan A facilities. Remaining payments for 2019 total $5 million and $3 million for the Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities, respectively and we expect payments for 2020 to total $33 million and $11 million for the Term Loan A and Term Loan B facilities, respectively.
Beginning in August 2016, we initiated and paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.09 per share and paid $0.09 per share cash dividends in every subsequent quarter. During the first nine months of 2019, we returned $31 million to stockholders through dividend payments. The timing, frequency or amounts of any dividend is subject to the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and will depend on a variety of factors, including the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, capital allocation strategy (including other potential uses of cash) and other factors that the Board of Directors deem relevant. After weighing all the factors noted above, the Company's Board of Directors determined in early November 2019 that, effective immediately, it will no longer pay a quarterly cash dividend.
Although we have not repurchased any shares under the share repurchase programs since February 2019, as of September 30, 2019, we had repurchased and retired 35.5 million shares of common stock for an aggregate of $896 million under share repurchase programs at a weighted average market price of $25.22 per share. See Part II, Item 2. ("Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds") in this Quarterly Report for additional information concerning the share repurchase programs. As noted above, we do not intend to repurchase common stock pursuant to our share repurchase programs until we reduce our consolidated leverage ratio.
We may also from time to time seek to repurchase our outstanding Unsecured Notes through tender offers, open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.
We will continue to evaluate potential refinancing and financing transactions. There can be no assurance as to which, if any, of these alternatives we may pursue as the choice of any alternative will depend upon numerous factors such as market conditions, our financial performance and the limitations applicable to such transactions under our existing financing agreements and the consents we may need to obtain under the relevant documents. There can be no assurance that financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all.
If the residential real estate market or the economy as a whole does not improve or continues to weaken, our business, financial condition and liquidity may be materially adversely affected, including our ability to access capital, grow our business and return capital to stockholders.
Cash Flows
At September 30, 2018,2019, we had $237$278 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, an increase of $3$40 million compared to the balance of $234$238 million at December 31, 2017.2018. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017:2018:
| | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2018 | | 2017 | | Change | | 2019 | | 2018 | | Change |
| Cash provided by (used in): | | | | | | Cash provided by (used in): | | | | | |
| Operating activities | $ | 224 |
| | $ | 445 |
| | $ | (221 | ) | Operating activities | $ | 230 | | | $ | 224 | | | $ | 6 | |
| Investing activities | (60 | ) | | (99 | ) | | 39 |
| Investing activities | (86) | | | (60) | | | (26) | |
| Financing activities | (160 | ) | | (277 | ) | | 117 |
| Financing activities | (104) | | | (160) | | | 56 | |
| Effects of change in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (1 | ) | | 2 |
| | (3 | ) | Effects of change in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | — | | | (1) | | | 1 | |
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 71 |
| | $ | (68 | ) | Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 40 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 37 | |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, $2212019, $6 million lessmore cash was provided by operating activities compared to the same period in 2017.2018. The change was principally due to $111$92 million less cash provided by operating results, $95 million lessmore cash provided by the net change in relocation and trade receivables, $18$20 million moreless cash used for accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities and $21 million less cash received as dividends from unconsolidated entities primarily related to PHH Home Loans in 2017, partially offset by $18$11 million less cash used for other assets.assets, partially offset by $119 million less cash provided by operating results.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018,2019, we used $39$26 million lessmore cash for investing activities compared to the same period in 20172018 primarily due to the absence in 2019 of $19 million of net cash proceeds received from the dissolution of our interest in PHH Home Loans LLC, $19which occurred in 2018 and $7 million lessmore cash used for investment in unconsolidated entities and $12other investing activities.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, $104 million lessof cash was used in financing activities compared to $160 million of cash used during the same period in 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, $104 million of cash was used as follows:
•$31 million of dividend payments;
•$22 million of quarterly amortization payments on the term loan facilities;
•$20 million for acquisitionthe repurchase of our common stock;
•$17 million of other financing payments primarily related payments.to finance leases;
•$6 million of tax payments related to net share settlement for stock-based compensation; and
•$5 million repayment of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility;
50
cash received as a result of the refinancing transactions in 2019.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, $160 million of cash was used in financing activities compared to $277 million of cash used during the same period in 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, $160 million of cash was used for:as follows:
•$302 million for the repurchase of our common stock;
•$34 million of dividend payments;
•$23 million of other financing payments primarily related to capital leases;
•$21 million for payments of contingent consideration;
•$17 million of quarterly amortization payments on the term loan facilities;
•$10 million of tax payments related to net share settlement for stock-based compensation; and
•$3 million for cash paid as a result of the refinancing transactions in February 2018 related to $16 million of debt issuance costs and $4 million repayment of borrowings under the Term Loan B Facility, partially offset by $17 million of proceeds received under the Term Loan A Facility.Facility;
partially offset by,
•$180 million of additional borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility; and
•$70 million net increase in securitization borrowings.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, $277 million of cash was used for:
$180 million for the repurchase of our common stock;
$37 million of dividend payments;
$31 million of quarterly amortization payments on the term loan facilities;
$19 million of other financing payments primarily related to capital leases and interest rate swaps;
$18 million for payments of contingent consideration;
$11 million of tax payments related to net share settlement for stock-based compensation;
$10 million repayment of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility; and
$6 million of debt issuance costs;
partially offset by,
•a $29 million net increase in securitization borrowings; and
•$7 million proceeds from exercise of stock options.
Financial Obligations
Indebtedness Table
As of September 30, 2018, the Company’s borrowing arrangements were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Interest
Rate | | Expiration
Date | | Principal Amount | | Unamortized Discount and Debt Issuance Costs | | Net Amount |
| Senior Secured Credit Facility: | | | | | | | | | |
| Revolving Credit Facility (1) | (2) | | February 2023 | | $ | 250 |
| | $ * |
| | $ | 250 |
|
| Term Loan B | (3) | | February 2025 | | 1,072 |
| | 16 |
| | 1,056 |
|
| Term Loan A Facility: | | | | | | | | | |
| Term Loan A | (4) | | February 2023 | | 741 |
| | 5 |
| | 736 |
|
| Senior Notes | 4.50% | | April 2019 | | 450 |
| | 3 |
| | 447 |
|
| Senior Notes | 5.25% | | December 2021 | | 550 |
| | 3 |
| | 547 |
|
| Senior Notes | 4.875% | | June 2023 | | 500 |
| | 3 |
| | 497 |
|
| Securitization obligations: (5) | | | | | | | | | |
| Apple Ridge Funding LLC (6) | | | June 2019 | | 250 |
| | * |
| | 250 |
|
| Cartus Financing Limited (7) | | | August 2019 | | 14 |
| | * |
| | 14 |
|
| Total (8) | $ | 3,827 |
| | $ | 30 |
| | $ | 3,797 |
|
_______________
| |
* | The debt issuance costs related to our Revolving Credit Facility and securitization obligations are classified as a deferred financing asset within other assets. |
| |
(1) | As of September 30, 2018, the Company had $1,400 million of borrowing capacity under its Revolving Credit Facility, with $1,150 million of available capacity. The Revolving Credit Facility expires in February 2023 but is classified on the balance sheet as current due to the revolving nature of the facility. On October 31, 2018, the Company had $253 million in outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, leaving $1,147 million of available capacity. |
| |
(2) | Interest rates with respect to revolving loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facility at September 30, 2018 were based on, at the Company's option, (a) adjusted London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR") plus an additional margin or (b) JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.'s prime rate ("ABR") plus an additional margin, in each case subject to adjustment based on the then current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the previous quarter senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin was 2.25% and the ABR margin was 1.25% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. |
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(3) | The Term Loan B provides for quarterly amortization payments totaling 1% per annum of the original principal amount. The interest rate with respect to term loans under the Term Loan B is based on, at the Company’s option, (a) adjusted LIBOR plus 2.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%) or (b) ABR plus 1.25% (with an ABR floor of 1.75%). |
| |
(4) | The Term Loan A provides for quarterly amortization payments, which commenced on June 30, 2018, totaling per annum 2.5%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A, with the balance of the Term Loan A due at maturity on February 8, 2023. The interest rates with respect to the Term Loan A are based on, at the Company's option, (a) adjusted LIBOR plus an additional margin or (b) ABR plus an additional margin, in each case subject to adjustment based on the then current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the previous quarter senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin was 2.25% and the ABR margin was 1.25% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. |
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(5) | Available capacity is subject to maintaining sufficient relocation related assets to collateralize these securitization obligations. |
| |
(6) | As of September 30, 2018, the Company utilized the full borrowing capacity of $250 million under the Apple Ridge Funding LLC securitization program. |
| |
(7) | Consists of a £10 million revolving loan facility and a £5 million working capital facility. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had $20 million of borrowing capacity under the Cartus Financing Limited securitization program leaving $6 million of available capacity. In August 2018, Realogy Group extended the existing Cartus Financing Limited securitization program to August 2019. |
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(8) | Not included in this table is the Company's Unsecured Letter of Credit Facility which had a capacity of $66 million with $64 million utilized at a weighted average rate of 3.33% at September 30, 2018. |
See Note 5, "Short and Long-Term Debt", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information on the Company's indebtedness.indebtedness as of September 30, 2019.
LIBOR Transition
In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority, the UK regulator responsible for the oversight of LIBOR, announced that it would no longer require banks to participate in the LIBOR submission process and would cease oversight over the rate after the end of 2021. Various industry groups continue to discuss replacement benchmark rates, the process for amending existing LIBOR-based contracts, and the potential economic impacts of different alternatives. For example, in the U.S., a proposed replacement benchmark rate is the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (SOFR), which is an overnight rate based on secured financing.
Covenants under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, Term Loan A Facility and Indentures
The Senior Secured Credit Facility,Agreement, Term Loan A Facility,Agreement, the Unsecured Letter of Credit Facility and the indentures governing the Unsecured Notes contain various covenants that limit (subject to certain exceptions) Realogy Group’s ability to, among other things:
•incur or guarantee additional debt or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock;
•pay dividends or make distributions to Realogy Group’s stockholders, including Realogy Holdings;
•repurchase or redeem capital stock;
•make loans, investments or acquisitions;
•incur restrictions on the ability of certain of Realogy Group's subsidiaries to pay dividends or to make other payments to Realogy Group;
•enter into transactions with affiliates;
•create liens;
•merge or consolidate with other companies or transfer all or substantially all of Realogy Group's and its material subsidiaries' assets;
•transfer or sell assets, including capital stock of subsidiaries; and
•prepay, redeem or repurchase subordinated indebtedness.
As a result of the covenants to which we remain subject, we are limited in the manner in which we conduct our business and we may be unable to engage in favorable business activities or finance future operations or capital needs. In addition, the Senior Secured Credit FacilityAgreement and Term Loan A FacilityAgreement require us to maintain a senior secured leverage ratio. We are further restricted under the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes from making restricted payments, including repurchasing shares of our common stock or issuing dividends in excess of $45 million per calendar year for so long as our consolidated leverage ratio is equal to or greater than 4.0 to 1.0 and then (unless that ratio falls below 3:00 to 1:00) only to the extent of available cumulative credit, as defined under the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes.
Senior Secured Leverage Ratio applicable to our Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility
The senior secured leverage ratio is tested quarterly and may not exceed 4.75 to 1.00. The senior secured leverage ratio is measured by dividing Realogy Group's total senior secured net debt by the trailing twelve monthfour quarters EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as those terms are defined in the senior secured credit facilities.Senior Secured Credit Agreement. Total senior secured net debt does not include unsecured indebtedness, including the Unsecured Notes, or the securitization obligations. EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as defined in the senior secured credit facilities,Senior Secured Credit Agreement, includes adjustments to EBITDA for restructuring
costs, former parent legacy cost (benefit) items, net, loss (gain) on the early extinguishment of debt, non-cash charges and incremental securitization interest costs, as well as pro forma cost savings for restructuring initiatives, the pro forma effect of business optimization initiatives and the pro forma effect of acquisitions and new franchisees, in each case calculated as of the beginning of the twelve-monthtrailing four-quarter period. The Company was in compliance with the senior secured leverage ratio covenant at September 30, 2019.
A reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Group to Operating EBITDA and EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as those terms are defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement, for the four-quarter period ended September 30, 2019 is set forth in the following table:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Less | | Equals | | Plus | | Equals |
| Year Ended | | Nine Months Ended | | Three Months
Ended | | Nine Months Ended | | Twelve Months
Ended |
| December 31,
2018 | | September 30,
2018 | | December 31,
2018 | | September 30,
2019 | | September 30,
2019 |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy Group (a) | $ | 137 | | | $ | 159 | | | $ | (22) | | | $ | (100) | | | $ | (122) | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 65 | | | 73 | | | (8) | | | (9) | | | (17) | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 202 | | | 232 | | | (30) | | | (109) | | | (139) | |
| Depreciation and amortization (b) | 197 | | | 148 | | | 49 | | | 149 | | | 198 | |
| Interest expense, net | 190 | | | 120 | | | 70 | | | 210 | | | 280 | |
| Restructuring costs, net | 58 | | | 45 | | | 13 | | | 32 | | | 45 | |
| Impairments | — | | | — | | | — | | | 186 | | | 186 | |
| Former parent legacy cost, net | 4 | | | — | | | 4 | | | 1 | | | 5 | |
| Loss (gain) on the early extinguishment of debt | 7 | | | 7 | | | — | | | (5) | | | (5) | |
| Operating EBITDA (c) | 658 | | | 552 | | | 106 | | | 464 | | | 570 | |
| Bank covenant adjustments: | | | | | | | | | |
| Pro forma effect of business optimization initiatives (d) | | | | | | | | | 30 | |
| Non-cash charges (e) | | | | | | | | | 38 | |
| Pro forma effect of acquisitions and new franchisees (f) | | | | | | | | | 2 | |
| Incremental securitization interest costs (g) | | | | | | | | | 3 | |
| EBITDA as defined by the Senior Secured Credit Agreement | | | | | | | | | $ | 643 | |
| Total senior secured net debt (h) | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,931 | |
| Senior secured leverage ratio | | | | | | | | | 3.00 | x |
_______________
(a)Net income (loss) attributable to Realogy consists of: (i) loss of $22 million for the fourth quarter of 2018, (ii) loss of $99 million for the first quarter of 2019, (iii) income of $69 million for the second quarter of 2019 and (iv) loss of $70 million for the third quarter of 2019.
(b)Depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the first quarter of 2018 includes $2 million of amortization expense related to Guaranteed Rate Affinity's purchase accounting included in the "Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated entities" line on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations during those periods.
(c)Operating EBITDA consists of: (i) $106 million for the fourth quarter of 2018, (ii) negative $4 million for the first quarter of 2019, (iii) $245 million for the second quarter of 2019 and (iv) $223 million for the third quarter of 2019.
(d)Represents the four-quarter pro forma effect of business optimization initiatives.
(e)Represents the elimination of non-cash expenses including $34 million of stock-based compensation expense, $2 million for the change in the allowance for doubtful accounts and notes reserves and $2 million of other items for the four-quarter period ended September 30, 2019.
(f)Represents the estimated impact of acquisitions and franchise sales activity, net of brokerages that exited our franchise system as if these changes had occurred on October 1, 2018. Franchisee sales activity is comprised of new franchise agreements as well as growth through acquisitions and independent sales agent recruitment by existing franchisees with our assistance. We have made a number of assumptions in calculating such estimates and there can be no assurance that we would have generated the projected levels of Operating EBITDA had we owned the acquired entities or entered into the franchise contracts as of October 1, 2018.
(g)Incremental borrowing costs incurred as a result of the securitization facilities refinancing for the four-quarter period ended September 30, 2019.
(h)Represents total borrowings under the senior secured credit facilities and borrowings secured by a first priority lien on our assets of $2,048 million plus $32 million of finance lease obligations less $149 million of readily available cash as of September 30, 2019. Pursuant to the terms of our senior secured credit facilities, total senior secured net debt does not include our securitization obligations or unsecured indebtedness, including the Unsecured Notes.
Consolidated Leverage Ratio applicable to our 9.375% Senior Notes
The consolidated leverage ratio is measured by dividing Realogy Group's total net debt by the trailing four quarter EBITDA. EBITDA, as defined in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes, is substantially similar to EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as those terms are defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement. Net debt under the indenture is Realogy Group's total indebtedness (excluding securitizations) less (i) its cash and cash equivalents in excess of restricted cash and (ii) a $200 million seasonality adjustment permitted when measuring the ratio on a date during the period of March 1 to May 31.
The consolidated leverage ratio under the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes for the four-quarter period ended September 30, 2019 is set forth in the following table:
| | | | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, 2019 |
| Revolver | | $ | 265 | |
| Term Loan A | | 722 | |
| Term Loan B | | 1,061 | |
| 5.25% Senior Notes | | 550 | |
| 4.875% Senior Notes | | 407 | |
| 9.375% Senior Notes | | 550 | |
| Finance lease obligations | | 32 | |
| Corporate Debt (excluding securitizations) | | 3,587 | |
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents | | 266 | |
| Net debt under the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes due 2027 | | $ | 3,321 | |
| | |
| EBITDA as defined under the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes due 2027 (a) | | $ | 643 | |
| | |
| Consolidated leverage ratio under the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes due 2027 | | 5.2 | x |
_______________
(a)As set forth in the immediately preceding table, for the four-quarter period ended September 30, 2019, EBITDA, as defined under the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes, was the same as EBITDA calculated on a Pro Forma Basis, as those terms are defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement.
See Note 5, "Short and Long-Term Debt—Senior Secured Credit Facility" and "Short and Long-Term Debt—, "—Term Loan A Facility" and "—Unsecured Notes" to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
At September 30, 2019, the amount of the Company's cumulative credit under the 9.375% Senior Notes was approximately $61 million. The Company made approximately $21 million in dividend payments since issuance of the 9.375% Senior Notes, which applied against the cumulative credit basket under the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes, would result in approximately $40 million remaining under that basket for restricted payments. This basket cannot be utilized until the Company's consolidated leverage ratio is less than 4.0 to 1.0.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The SEC has adopted rules to regulate the use in filings with the SEC and in public disclosures of "non-GAAP financial measures," such as Operating EBITDA. These measures are derived on the basis of methodologies other than in accordance with GAAP.
Operating EBITDA is defined by us as net income (loss) before depreciation and amortization, interest expense, net (other than relocation services interest for securitization assets and securitization obligations), income taxes, and other items that are not core to the operating activities of the Company such as restructuring charges, former parent legacy items, gains or losses on the early extinguishment of debt, asset impairments, gains or losses on discontinued operations and gains or losses on the sale of investments or other assets. Operating EBITDA is our primary non-GAAP measure.
We present Operating EBITDA because we believe it is useful as a supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of our operating businesses and provides greater transparency into our results of operations. Our management, including our chief operating decision maker, uses Operating EBITDA as a factor in evaluating the performance of our
business. Operating EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or other statement of operations data prepared in accordance with GAAP.
We believe Operating EBITDA facilitates company-to-company operating performance comparisons by backing out potential differences caused by variations in capital structures (affecting net interest expense), taxation, the age and book depreciation of facilities (affecting relative depreciation expense) and the amortization of intangibles, as well as other items that are not core to the operating activities of the Company such as restructuring charges, gains or losses on the early extinguishment of debt, former parent legacy items, asset impairments, gains or losses on discontinued operations and gains or losses on the sale of investments or other assets, which may vary for different companies for reasons unrelated to operating performance. We further believe that Operating EBITDA is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of companies, many of which present an Operating EBITDA measure when reporting their results.
Operating EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider Operating EBITDA either in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
•this measure does not reflect changes in, or cash required for, our working capital needs;
•this measure does not reflect our interest expense (except for interest related to our securitization obligations), or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt;
•this measure does not reflect our income tax expense or the cash requirements to pay our taxes;
•this measure does not reflect historical cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
•although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often require replacement in the future, and this measure does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and
•other companies may calculate this measure differently so they may not be comparable.
Contractual Obligations
See Note 5, "Short and Long-Term Debt—Senior Secured Credit Facility" and "Short and Long-Term Debt—Term Loan A Facility""—Unsecured Notes", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report for a description of the Company's debt transactions which occurred during the first quarter of 2018. All other2019. Other than the Company's debt transactions as described in Note 5, the Company's future contractual obligations as of September 30, 20182019 have not changed materially from the amounts reported in our 20172018 Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Policies
In presenting our financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported therein. Several of the estimates and assumptions we are required to make relate to matters that are inherently uncertain as they pertain to future events. However, events that are outside of our control cannot be predicted and, as such, they cannot be contemplated in evaluating such estimates and assumptions. If there is a significant unfavorable change to current conditions, it could result in a material adverse impact to our combined results of operations, financial position and liquidity. We believe that the estimates and assumptions we used when preparing our financial statements were the most appropriate at that time.
These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017,2018, which includes a description of our critical accounting policies that involve subjective and complex judgments that could potentially affect reported results.
Impairment of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets
Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of the net tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trademarks acquired in business combinations. Goodwill and indefinite-lived assets are not amortized, but are subject to impairment testing. The aggregate carrying values of our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to impairment testing annually as of October 1, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. This testing compares carrying values to fair values and, when appropriate, the carrying value is
reduced to fair value. In testing goodwill, the fair value of our reporting segments is estimated using a discounted cash flow approach utilizing long-term cash flow forecasts and our annual operating plans adjusted for terminal value assumptions.
We estimate the fair value of each reporting unit using the income approach, utilizing long-term cash flow forecasts adjusted for terminal value assumptions. We determine the fair value of our reporting segments utilizing our best estimate of future revenues, operating expenses including commission expense, cash flows, market and general economic conditions, trends in the industry, as well as assumptions that we believe marketplace participants would utilize including discount rates, cost of capital, trademark royalty rates, and long-term growth rates. The trademark royalty rate was determined by reviewing similar trademark agreements with third parties. Although we believe our assumptions are reasonable, actual results may vary significantly. These impairment tests involve the use of accounting estimates and assumptions, changes in which could materially impact our financial condition or operating performance if actual results differ from such estimates and assumptions. To address this uncertainty, we perform a sensitivity analysis on key estimates and assumptions.
Significant negative industry or economic trends, disruptions to our business, unexpected significant changes or planned changes in use of the assets, a decrease in our business results, growth rates that fall below our assumptions, divestitures, and a sustained decline in our stock price and market capitalization may have a negative effect on the fair values and key valuation assumptions, and such changes could result in changes to our estimates of our fair value and a material impairment of goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets. Management considered these factors and concluded that the decrease in the stock price of the Company and the impact on future earnings related to the discontinuation of the USAA program qualified as triggering events in the third quarter of 2019 and as a result the Company performed an impairment assessment of goodwill for all of its reporting segments and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of September 1, 2019. The impairment assessment indicated that the carrying value of the Company's Owned Brokerage Services segment exceeded its estimated fair value by $180 million primarily as a result of a reduction in the Company's long-term forecast. Therefore, an impairment charge was recorded to reduce goodwill at the Owned Brokerage Services segment by $180 million to $726 million. The impairment charge is recorded on the impairment line in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and is non-cash in nature. The results of the interim goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test indicated that the estimated fair values of the Company's other reportable segments and indefinite-lived intangible assets were greater than their carrying values and therefore no other impairment charges were required for the other reporting segments or indefinite-lived intangibles.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1, "Basis of Presentation", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks.
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates primarily through our senior secured debt. At September 30, 2018,2019, our primary interest rate exposure was to interest rate fluctuations, specifically LIBOR, due to its impact on our variable rate borrowings of our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan B under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and the Term Loan A Facility. Given that our borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility are generally based upon LIBOR, this rate will be the Company's primary market risk exposure for the foreseeable future. We do not have significant exposure to foreign currency risk nor do we expect to have significant exposure to foreign currency risk in the foreseeable future.
We assess our market risk based on changes in interest rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis measures the potential impact on earnings, fair values and cash flows based on a hypothetical change (increase and decrease) in interest rates. We exclude the fair values of relocation receivables and advances and securitization borrowings from our sensitivity analysis because we believe the interest rate risk on these assets and liabilities is mitigated as the rate we earn on relocation receivables and advances and the rate we incur on our securitization borrowings are based on similar variable indices.
At September 30, 2018,2019, we had variable interest rate long-term debt outstanding under our Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility of $2,063$2,048 million, which excludes $264$228 million of securitization obligations. The weighted average interest rate on the outstanding amounts under our Senior Secured Credit Facility and Term Loan A Facility at September 30, 20182019 was 4.51%4.27%. The interest rate with respect to the Term Loan B is based on adjusted LIBOR plus 2.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%). The interest rates with respect to the Revolving Credit Facility and term loans under the Term Loan A Facility are based on adjusted LIBOR plus an additional margin subject to adjustment based on the current senior secured leverage ratio. Based on the September 30, 20182019 senior secured leverage ratio, the LIBOR margin
was 2.25%. At September 30, 2018,2019, the one-month LIBOR rate was 2.26%2.02%; therefore, we have estimated that a 0.25% increase in LIBOR would have a $5 million impact on our annual interest expense.
As of September 30, 2018,2019, we had interest rate swaps with a notional value of $1,600 million to manage a portion of our exposure to changes in interest rates associated with our $2,063$2,048 million of variable rate borrowings. Interest rates swaps with a notional value of $425 million expired on February 10, 2018. Our remaining interest rate swaps arewere as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Value (in millions) | | Commencement Date | Expiration Date |
| $600 | | August 2015 | August 2020 |
| $450 | | November 2017 | November 2022 |
| $400 | (a) | August 2020 | August 2025 |
| $150 | (a) | November 2022 | November 2027 |
_______________
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(a) | During the second quarter of 2018, the Company entered into four new forward starting interest rate swaps, two with a notional value of $125 million and two with a notional value of $150 million. |
The swaps help protect our outstanding variable rate borrowings from future interest rate volatility. The fixed interest rates on the swaps range from 2.07% to 3.11%. The Company had an asset of $15 million and a liability of $2$60 million for the fair value of the interest rate swaps at September 30, 2018.2019. The fair value of these interest rate swaps is subject to movements in LIBOR and will fluctuate in future periods. We have estimated that a 0.25% increase in the LIBOR yield curve would increase the fair value of our interest rate swaps by $13$11 million and would decrease interest expense. While these results may be used as a benchmark, they should not be viewed as a forecast of future results.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Controls and Procedures for Realogy Holdings Corp.
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(a) | Realogy Holdings Corp. ("Realogy Holdings") maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such information is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Realogy Holdings' management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, recognizes that any set of controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. |
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(b) | (a)Realogy Holdings Corp. ("Realogy Holdings") maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such information is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Realogy Holdings' management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, recognizes that any set of controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. (b)As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, Realogy Holdings has carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Realogy Holdings' disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the "reasonable assurance" level. (c)There has not been any change in Realogy Holdings' internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting. Controls and Procedures for Realogy Group LLC (a)Realogy Group LLC ("Realogy Group") maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such information is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Realogy Group's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, recognizes that any set of controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. (b)As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, Realogy Group has carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Realogy Holdings' disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the "reasonable assurance" level. |
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(c) | There has not been any change in Realogy Holdings' internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting. |
Controls and Procedures for Realogy Group LLC
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(a) | Realogy Group LLC ("Realogy Group") maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such information is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Realogy Group's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, recognizes that any set of controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. |
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(b) | As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, Realogy Group has carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and |
procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Realogy Group's disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the "reasonable assurance" level.
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(c) | There has not been any change in Realogy Group's internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting. |
(c)There has not been any change in Realogy Group's internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.
Other Financial Information
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of September 30, 20182019 and for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 20182019 and 20172018 have been reviewed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Their reports, dated November 2, 2018,7, 2019, are included on pages 3 and 4. The reports of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP state that they did not audit and they do not express an opinion on that unaudited financial information. Accordingly, the degree of reliance on their report on such information should be restricted in light of the limited nature of the review procedures applied. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is not subject to the liability provisions of Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Act") for their report on the unaudited financial information because that report is not a "report" or a "part" of the registration statement prepared or certified by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of the Act.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
See Note 9, "Commitments and Contingencies—Litigation", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Reportquarterly report on Form 10-Q for additional information on the Company's legal proceedings including a description of the Dodge, et al. v. PHH Corporation, et al. litigation, formerly captioned Strader, et al. and Hall v. PHH Corporation, et al. andwhich we refer to as the Strader legal matter..
The Company believes that it has adequately accrued for legal matters as appropriate. The Company records litigation accruals for legal matters which are both probable and estimable.
Litigation and other disputes are inherently unpredictable and subject to substantial uncertainties and unfavorable resolutions could occur.occur and even cases brought by us can involve counterclaims asserted against us. In addition, class action lawsuits or regulatory proceedings challenging practices that have broad impact can be costly to defend and, depending on the class size and claims, could be costly to settle. As such, the Company could incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims with liability that are materially in excess of amounts accrued and these settlements could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in any particular period.
* * *
Litigation, investigations and claims against other participants in the residential real estate industry may impact the Company and its affiliated franchisees when the rulings or settlements in those cases cover practices common to the broader industry. Examples may include claims associated with RESPA compliance, broker fiduciary duties, multiple listing service practices and sales agent classification. The Company also may be impacted by litigation and other claims against companies in other industries. Rulings on matters related to worker classification may adversely affect the Company and other residential real estate industry participants as a result of the classification of sales agents as independent contractors, irrespective of the fact that the parties subject to the rulings are in a different industry and involve different facts and circumstances. For example, a recent decision by the California Supreme Court involving delivery workers adopts a significantly more restrictive classification test than the test historically used by the California courts in wage and hour cases. Under the new test, an individual is considered an employee unless the hiring entity satisfies three specific criteria that focus on control of the performance of the work and whether the nature of the work involves a separate trade that is outside the usual course of the hiring entity’s business. Notwithstanding the new test, California and a number of other states have separate statutory structures and existing case law that articulate different, less stringent standards for real estate agents operating as independent contractors. How these differing tests will be reconciled is presently unclear, and given the evolving nature of this issue, we are currently unable to estimate, what impact, if any, this would have on our operations or financial results.
Changes in current legislation, regulations or interpretations that are applicable to the residential real estate service industry may also impact the Company. In June 2018, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and Department
For example, there is active worker classification litigation in numerous jurisdictions against a variety of Justice (“DOJ”) held a joint public workshop to explore competition issues in theindustries—now including residential real estate brokerage industrybrokerages in multiple states, including California and New Jersey—where the plaintiffs seek to reclassify independent contractors as employees or to challenge the use of federal and state minimum wage and overtime exemptions. This type of litigation has been particularly prolific in California since the publication of the FTC and DOJ’s 2007 Report on CompetitionCalifornia Supreme Court adopted a worker classification test in the Real Estate Brokerage Industry, includingsecond quarter of 2018 that is significantly more restrictive than those historically used in wage and hour cases. In September 2019, this judicial worker classification test was codified into California statutory law, but the impactadopted legislation also provides an alternate worker classification test applicable to real estate professionals that is less restrictive than the judicial test.
For a summary of Internet-enabled technologies oncertain legal proceedings initiated in California against the industryCompany alleging worker misclassification, see Note 9, "Commitments and potential barriers to competition. The Company submitted comments and participatedContingencies—Litigation", in the workshop.this report.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.Factors
Our significant business risks areOther than as described below, there were no material changes to the risk factors reported in Part I, Item1, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2017 Form 10-K. You should be aware that these risk factors may not describe every risk and uncertainty facing our Company. Set forth below is an update to one of our risk factors relating to worker classification previously disclosed in our 20172018 Form 10-K.
ThereConsummation of the planned sale of our employee relocation business to SIRVA Worldwide, Inc. is subject to satisfaction of closing conditions, including antitrust review, and, even if we successfully consummate the planned sale, we may be adverse financialfail to achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction.
On November 7, 2019, we announced that we have entered into a Purchase and operational consequencesSale Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with SIRVA Worldwide, Inc., a subsidiary of SIRVA, Inc. (collectively "SIRVA") under which we have agreed to us andsell our franchisees if independent sales agents are reclassified as employees.
The legal relationship between residential real estate brokers and licensed sales agents throughoutemployee relocation business held by Cartus. Completion of the industry historically has been that of independent contractor. Although we believe our classification practices are proper and consistent with the legal framework for such classification, our company owned brokerage operations could face substantial litigation or disputes in direct claims or regulatory procedures,planned sale is subject to certain closing conditions, including the riskexpiration or termination of court or regulatory determinations that certain groups of real estate agents should be reclassified as employeesall waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act and entitled to unpaid minimum wage, overtime, benefits, expense reimbursement and other employment obligations.
Federal agencies and each state have their own rules and tests for classification of independent contractors as well as to determine whether employees meet exemptions from minimum wages and overtime laws. These tests consider many factors that also vary from state to state. The tests have evolved based on state case law decisions, regulations and legislative changes. There is active worker classification litigation in numerous jurisdictions against a variety of industries where the plaintiffs seek to reclassify independent contractors as employees or to challenge the use of federal and state minimum wage and overtime exemptions.
Certain jurisdictions, including California where NRT generated approximately 27% of its revenue in 2017, have adopted standards that are significantly more restrictive than those historically used in wage and hour cases. Under the newer test, an individual is considered an employee unless the hiring entity satisfies three specific criteria that focus on control of the performance of the work and whether the nature of the work involves a separate trade that is outside the usual course of the hiring entity’s business.
Notwithstanding the newer test, California and a numberreceipt of other states have separate statutory structures and existing case lawrequired regulatory clearances. There can be no assurance that articulate different, less stringent standards for real estate agents operating as independent contractors. How these differing testsany of such conditions will be reconciled is presently unclear,satisfied and giventhat the evolving nature of this issue, we are currently unableplanned sale will be successfully completed on a timely basis or at all. Failure to estimate, what impact, if any, this would have on our operations or financial results.
Significant sales agent reclassification determinations incomplete the absence of available exemptions from minimum wage or overtime laws, including damages and penalties for prior periods (if assessed), could be disruptive to our business, constrain our operations in certain jurisdictions andsale could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, the operationaltransaction may involve unexpected costs, liabilities or delays. While the transaction is pending, we will be subject to uncertainties that could adversely affect our business and results of operations, including the ability of our Relocation Services business to obtain or retain business, which in turn, could adversely impact the revenues and financial performanceresult of our other business units. We may also experience negative reactions from our relocation clients, stockholders, creditors, franchisees, vendors, and employees, among others.
While it is contemplated that SIRVA will have access to our Broker Network, there can be no assurances as to the number of leads or underlying homesale transactions that company owned and affiliated franchisee brokerages participating in the network may handle for SIRVA’s relocation business and the volume of such leads and transactions could be lower than the historical level of activity generated from the Cartus relocation business.
All of these factors could decrease the anticipated benefits of the Company. Franchisees affiliated with onetransaction and could negatively impact our stock price and our business, financial condition and results of the Company’s brands face the same risks with respect to their affiliated independent sales agents.operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
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(c) | The following table sets forth information relating to repurchase of shares of our common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2018: |
The Company did not repurchase common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2019. |
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| Period | | Total Number of Shares Purchased | | Average Price Paid per Share | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Programs (1) | | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs (1) |
| July 1 - 31, 2018 | | 860,272 |
| | $23.24 | | 860,272 |
| | $ | 230,682,824 |
|
| August 1 - 31, 2018 | | 2,050,500 |
| | $21.30 | | 2,050,500 |
| | $ | 187,007,174 |
|
| September 1 - 30, 2018 | | 1,859,091 |
| | $20.57 | | 1,859,091 |
| | $ | 148,765,672 |
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(1) | In February 2018, the Board authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $350 million of the Company's common stock, which was in additionIn February 2019, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $175 million of the Company’s common stock which was incremental to the remaining authorization available under the February 2017 share repurchase program. Repurchases under each program may be made at management's discretion from time to time on the open market, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans or through privately negotiated transactions. The size and timing of these repurchases will depend on price, market and economic conditions, legal and contractual requirements and other factors, and each share repurchase program has no time limit and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. All of the repurchased common stock has been retired. |
During the period October 1, 2018 through October 31, 2018, we repurchased an additional 2.3 million shares at a weighted average market price of $19.15 per share. Giving effect to these repurchases, we had approximately $104 million of remaining capacity authorized under the February 2018 share repurchase programprogram. Repurchases under these programs may be made at management's discretion from time to time on the open market, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans or privately negotiated transactions. The size and timing of these repurchases will depend on price, market and economic conditions, legal and contractual requirements and other factors, including the restrictions contained in the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes, which prohibit such repurchases until the consolidated leverage ratio falls below 4.00 to 1.00 and then only to the extent of available cumulative credit, as defined under the indenture governing the 9.375% Senior Notes. The repurchase programs have no time limit and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. As of October 31, 2018.
Item 5. Other Information.
On November 2, 2018, Realogy Holdings Corp. (the “Company”) announced that following a 15-year career withSeptember 30, 2019, $204 million remained available for repurchase under the Company (and a predecessor company), Anthony E. Hull, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, will retire from his position effective November 5, 2018. Mr. Hull will serve as a Senior Advisor to Ryan M. Schneider, the Chief Executive Officer, and remain employed during a transition period until March 31, 2019.
As part of this transition, on November 1, 2018 and effective upon Mr. Hull’s retirement on November 5, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company appointed Timothy B. Gustavson as Interim Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, adding to his duties as Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller.
share repurchase programs.
The Company expects to prioritize investing in its business and reducing indebtedness until it is retaining an executive recruitment firmable to beginreduce its consolidated leverage ratio (as defined in the Chief Financial Officer search.
Mr. Gustavson was also appointed Interim Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer ofindenture governing the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Realogy Group LLC (“Realogy Group”), on November 1, 2018,9.375% Senior Notes) to be effective on November 5, 2018.
Mr. Gustavson, 50, has served as the Company’s Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller since March 2015. From 2008 until March 2015, Mr. Gustavson served as the Company’s Assistant Corporate Controller and Vice President of Finance. Mr. Gustavson joinedbelow 4.00 to 1.00. Accordingly, the Company in 2006 as Vice President of External Reporting and prior thereto, Mr. Gustavson spent 16 years in public accounting with the KPMG audit practice. Mr. Gustavson is a certified public accountant.
There have been no transactions and there are no currently proposed transactions in which the Company or Realogy Group was or is to be a participant and in which Mr. Gustavson had or will have a direct or indirect material interest that requires disclosurenot repurchase common stock pursuant to Item 404(a)its existing share repurchase programs until its consolidated leverage ratio is equal to or below 4.00 to 1.00. See "Item 2.—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Regulation S-K.Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources" for additional information.
As part of the transition, the Company and Mr. Hull have agreed that he will continue at his current base salary through March 31, 2019, but in his new role, he will not be entitled to additional grants of equity awards or to participate in annual cash incentive plans commencing in 2019. Upon completion of his services as Senior Advisor, it is expected that Mr. Hull will receive severance and benefits under his executive severance agreement dated February 23, 2016 as if the termination of employment occurred pursuant to Section 7(d) of that agreement (termination by the Company without cause or by the executive for good reason), subject to his continued compliance with his restrictive covenants and the execution and non-revocation of a release of claims. A description of those payments and benefits is set forth in the Company’s definitive proxy statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2018, which description is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 6. Exhibits.
See Exhibit Index.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrants have duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP.
and
REALOGY GROUP LLC
(Registrants)
Date: November 2, 20187, 2019
/S/ ANTHONY E. HULL CHARLOTTE C. SIMONELLI
Anthony E. HullCharlotte C. Simonelli
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
Date: November 2, 20187, 2019
/S/ TIMOTHY B. GUSTAVSON
Timothy B. Gustavson
Senior Vice President,
Chief Accounting Officer and
Controller
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Description
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15.1* | 101 The following financial information from Realogy's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
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101.INS ^ | XBRL Instance Document. |
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101.SCH ^ | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |
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101.CAL^ | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |
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101.DEF ^ | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |
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101.LAB ^ | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |
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101.PRE ^ | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |
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^ | Furnished electronically with this report. |
* Filed herewith.
