UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q


(Mark One)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period endedMarch 23, 201921, 2020
OR
oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________________to _________________


Commission File Number001-33987


hcci-20200321_g1.jpg


HERITAGE-CRYSTAL CLEAN, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware26-0351454
State or other jurisdiction of(I.R.S. Employer
IncorporationIdentification No.)


2175 Point Boulevard
Suite 375
Elgin, IL 60123
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)  


Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (847) 836-5670
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each ClassTrading SymbolName of Exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareHCCINASDAQ


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x No o



1


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).   Yes x No o


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company," and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company   o
☐
Emerging growth company   o
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o☐ No x


On April 30, 2019,28, 2020, there were outstanding 23,125,474 shares23,257,943 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.








2

Table of Contents


ITEM 1.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4
ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
2726
3433
3433
3534
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS1A. RISK FACTORS
3634
3635
3736




3

PART I


ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In Thousands, Except Share and Par Value Amounts)
 March 23,
2019		 December 29,
2018		 March 21,
2020		December 28,
2019
 (unaudited)  (unaudited)
ASSETS    ASSETS 
Current assets:    Current assets: 
Cash and cash equivalents $42,692
 $43,579
Cash and cash equivalents$56,938  $60,694  
Accounts receivable - net 53,326
 51,744
Accounts receivable - net55,122  55,586  
Inventory - net 29,661
 33,059
Inventory - net29,112  29,373  
Other current assets 4,914
 6,835
Other current assets6,062  7,104  
Total current assets 130,593
 135,217
Total current assets147,234  152,757  
Property, plant and equipment - net 144,796
 139,987
Property, plant and equipment - net157,931  154,911  
Right of use assets 62,929
 —
Right of use assets88,006  89,525  
Equipment at customers - net 23,839
 23,814
Equipment at customers - net24,374  24,232  
Software and intangible assets - net 17,070
 14,681
Software and intangible assets - net16,123  16,892  
Goodwill 32,358
 34,123
Goodwill32,990  32,997  
Total assets $411,585
 $347,822
Total assets$466,658  $471,314  
    
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY    
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 
Current liabilities:    
Current liabilities: 
Accounts payable $34,858
 $32,630
Accounts payable$30,607  $38,058  
Current portion of lease liabilities 18,433
 —
Current portion of lease liabilities22,087  20,407  
Contract liabilities - net
2,399
 166
Contract liabilities - net2,428  2,252  
Accrued salaries, wages, and benefits 4,483
 6,024
Accrued salaries, wages, and benefits5,110  6,771  
Taxes payable 6,290
 6,120
Taxes payable7,048  6,538  
Other current liabilities 5,986
 5,089
Other current liabilities16,121  16,418  
Total current liabilities 72,449
 50,029
Total current liabilities83,401  90,444  
Lease liabilities, net of current portion 44,298
 —
 Lease liabilities, net of current portion67,212  68,734  
Long-term debt 29,116
 29,046
Long-term debt, less current maturities Long-term debt, less current maturities29,418  29,348  
Deferred income taxes 13,544
 14,516
Deferred income taxes18,617  17,157  
Total liabilities $159,407
 $93,591
Total liabilities$198,648  $205,683  
    
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:    
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: 
Common stock - 26,000,000 shares authorized at $0.01 par value, 23,120,998 shares and 23,058,584 shares issued and outstanding at March 23, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively $231
 $231
Common stock - 26,000,000 shares authorized at $0.01 par value, 23,247,912 and 23,191,498 shares issued and outstanding at March 21, 2020 and December 28, 2019, respectivelyCommon stock - 26,000,000 shares authorized at $0.01 par value, 23,247,912 and 23,191,498 shares issued and outstanding at March 21, 2020 and December 28, 2019, respectively$232  $232  
Additional paid-in capital 197,909
 197,533
Additional paid-in capital198,305  200,583  
Retained earnings 53,307
 55,819
Retained earnings69,473  64,182  
Total Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. stockholders' equity 251,447
 253,583
Total Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. stockholders' equity268,010  264,997  
Noncontrolling interest 731
 648
Noncontrolling interest—  634  
Total equity 252,178
 254,231
Total equity268,010  265,631  
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $411,585
 $347,822
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$466,658  $471,314  
 
See accompanying notes to financial statements.

4


Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income/(Loss)
(In Thousands, Except per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)




 First Quarter Ended,
 March 21,
2020		March 23,
2019
Revenues
Service revenues$63,757  $56,366  
Product revenues37,722  35,858  
Rental income5,785  3,548  
Total revenues$107,264  $95,772  
Operating expenses
Operating costs$83,250  $82,483  
Selling, general, and administrative expenses11,522  12,396  
Depreciation and amortization5,268  4,136  
Other expense (income) - net272  (58) 
Operating income (loss)6,952  (3,185) 
Interest expense – net214  230  
Income (loss) before income taxes6,738  (3,415) 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes1,447  (986) 
Net income (loss)5,291  (2,429) 
Income attributable to noncontrolling interest—  83  
Net income (loss) attributable to Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. common stockholders$5,291  $(2,512) 
Net income (loss) per share: basic$0.23  $(0.11) 
Net income (loss) per share: diluted$0.23  $(0.11) 
Number of weighted average shares outstanding: basic23,239  23,117  
Number of weighted average shares outstanding: diluted23,422  23,117  
   First Quarter Ended,
   March 23,
2019		 March 24,
2018
      
Revenues    
 Service revenues $56,366
 $54,137
 Product revenues 35,858
 29,010
 Rental income 3,548
 —
Total revenues $95,772
 $83,147
      
Operating expenses    
 Operating costs $82,483
 $68,386
 Selling, general, and administrative expenses 12,396
 11,022
 Depreciation and amortization 4,136
 3,643
 Other (income) expense - net (58) 389
Operating loss (3,185) (293)
Interest expense – net 230
 245
Loss before income taxes (3,415) (538)
Benefit from income taxes (986) (436)
Net loss (2,429) (102)
Income attributable to noncontrolling interest 83
 18
Net loss attributable to Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. common stockholders $(2,512) $(120)

    
Net loss per share: basic $(0.11) $(0.01)
Net loss per share: diluted $(0.11) $(0.01)
     
Number of weighted average shares outstanding: basic 23,117
 22,962
Number of weighted average shares outstanding: diluted 23,117
 22,962


 
See accompanying notes to financial statements.






5

Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
(In Thousands, Except Share Amounts)

For the First Quarter Ended March 21, 2020 and March 23, 2019
(Unaudited)



First Quarter Ended,First Quarter Ended,
March 21, 2020March 21, 2020
SharesPar
Value
Common
Additional Paid–in
Capital
Retained EarningsTotal Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. Stockholders' EquityNon-controlling InterestTotal Equity
Balance at December 28, 2019Balance at December 28, 201923,191,498  $232  $200,583  $64,182  $264,997  $634  $265,631  
Net income Net income—  —  —  5,291  5,291  —  5,291  
Non-controlling interest acquisition Non-controlling interest acquisition—  —  (2,678) —  (2,678) —  (2,678) 
Distribution Distribution—  —  —  —  —  (634) (634) 
Issuance of common stock – ESPP Issuance of common stock – ESPP4,102  —  122  —  122  —  122  
Share-based compensation Share-based compensation52,312  —  1,069  —  1,069  —  1,069  
Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligationsShare repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations—  —  (791) —  (791) —  (791) 
Balance at March 21, 2020Balance at March 21, 202023,247,912  $232  $198,305  $69,473  $268,010  $—  $268,010  
Shares 
Par
Value
Common
 
Additional Paid–in
Capital
 Retained Earnings Total Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. Stockholders' Equity Non-controlling Interest Total Equity
             
Balance at December 30, 201722,891,674
 $229
 $193,640
 $41,359
 $235,228
 $698
 $235,926
Adjustment from adopting ASC 606—
 —
 —
 (268) (268) —
 (268)
Net (loss) income—
 —
 —
 (120) (120) 18
 (102)
Issuance of common stock – ESPP4,822
 —
 100
 —
 100
 —
 100
Share-based compensation114,237
 1
 827
 —
 828
 —
 828
Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations—
 —
 (1,031) —
 (1,031) —
 (1,031)
Balance at March 24, 201823,010,733
 $230
 $193,536
 $40,971
 $234,737
 $716
 $235,453
First Quarter Ended,First Quarter Ended,
March 23, 2019March 23, 2019
             SharesPar
Value
Common
Additional Paid–in
Capital
Retained EarningsTotal Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. Stockholders' EquityNon-controlling InterestTotal Equity
Balance at December 29, 201823,058,584
 $231
 $197,533
 $55,819
 $253,583
 $648
 $254,231
Balance at December 29, 201823,058,584  $231  $197,533  $55,819  $253,583  $648  $254,231  
Net (loss) income—
 —
 —
 (2,512) (2,512) 83
 (2,429) Net (loss) income—  —  —  (2,512) (2,512) 83  (2,429) 
Issuance of common stock – ESPP4,975
 —
 111
 —
 111
 —
 111
 Issuance of common stock – ESPP4,975  —  111  —  111  —  111  
Exercise of stock options2,760
 —
 20
 —
 20
 —
 20
 Exercise of stock options2,760  —  20  —  20  —  20  
Share-based compensation54,679
 —
 889
 —
 889
 —
 889
 Share-based compensation54,679  —  889  —  889  —  889  
Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations—
 —
 (644) —
 (644) —
 (644)Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations—  —  (644) —  (644) —  (644) 
Balance at March 23, 201923,120,998
 $231
 $197,909
 $53,307
 $251,447
 $731
 $252,178
 Balance at March 23, 201923,120,998  $231  $197,909  $53,307  $251,447  $731  $252,178  
 



See accompanying notes to financial statements.







Heritage-Crystal











6

.Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)


 For the First Quarter Ended, For the First Quarter Ended,
 March 23,
2019		 March 24,
2018		 March 21,
2020		March 23,
2019
Cash flows from Operating Activities:    Cash flows from Operating Activities:  
Net loss $(2,429) $(102)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:    
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$5,291  $(2,429) 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 4,136
 3,643
Depreciation and amortization5,268  4,136  
Bad debt provision 249
 286
Bad debt provision189  249  
Share-based compensation 889
 828
Share-based compensation1,069  889  
Deferred taxes (972) (386)Deferred taxes1,459  (972) 
Other, net (171) 74
Other, net(424) (171) 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable (1,473) (1,678)
Decrease (increase) in inventory 3,716
 (3,755)
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable275  (1,473) 
Decrease in inventory Decrease in inventory262  3,716  
Decrease in other current assets 1,921
 773
 Decrease in other current assets1,040  1,921  
Increase in accounts payable 1,531
 2,344
Increase (decrease) in accrued liabilities 1,781
 (2,564)
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities $9,178

$(537)
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable (Decrease) increase in accounts payable(5,273) 1,531  
Increase in accrued liabilities Increase in accrued liabilities1,110  1,781  
Cash provided by operating activitiesCash provided by operating activities$10,266  $9,178  
    
Cash flows from Investing Activities:  
  
Cash flows from Investing Activities:  
Capital expenditures $(7,579) $(3,568)Capital expenditures$(9,842) $(7,579) 
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired (1,973) —
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired—  (1,973) 
Proceeds from the disposal of assets —
 55
Cash used in investing activities $(9,552)
$(3,513)Cash used in investing activities$(9,842) $(9,552) 
    
Cash flows from Financing Activities:  
  
Cash flows from Financing Activities:  
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options $20
 $—
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options$—  $20  
Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations (644) (382)Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations(791) (644) 
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock 111
 100
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock122  111  
Payments of deferred and contingent considerationPayments of deferred and contingent consideration(199) —  
Distributions to noncontrolling interestDistributions to noncontrolling interest(3,312) —  
Cash used in financing activities $(513) $(282)Cash used in financing activities$(4,180) $(513) 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (887) (4,332)Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(3,756) (887) 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 43,579
 41,889
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period60,694  43,579  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $42,692
 $37,557
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$56,938  $42,692  
    
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:  
  
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:  
Income taxes paid $—
 $2
Income taxes paid$31  $—  
Cash paid for interest 334
 249
Cash paid for interest92  334  
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash information:  
  
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash information:  
Payables for construction in progress $1,933
 $451
Payables for construction in progress465  1,933  
Payables for share-based tax withholdings

 —
 649
See accompanying notes to financial statements.




7

HERITAGE-CRYSTAL CLEAN, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


March 23, 201921, 2020



(1)    ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS


Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc., a Delaware corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”), provide parts cleaning, hazardous and non-hazardous containerized waste, used oil collection, vacuum, antifreeze recycling and field services primarily to small and mid-sized industrial and vehicle maintenance customers. The Company owns and operates a used oil re-refinery where it re-refines used oils and sells high quality base oil for lubricants as well as other re-refinery products. The Company also has multiple locations where it dehydrates used oil. The oil processed at these locations is sold as recycled fuel oil. The Company also operates multiple wastewater treatment plants and antifreeze recycling facilities at which it produces virgin-quality antifreeze. The Company's locations are in the United States and Ontario, Canada. The Company conducts its primary business operations through Heritage-Crystal Clean, LLC, its wholly owned subsidiary, and all intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.


The Company has two2 reportable segments: "Environmental Services" and "Oil Business." The Environmental Services segment consists of the Company's parts cleaning, containerized waste management, vacuum truck services, antifreeze recycling activities, and field services. The Oil Business segment consists of the Company's used oil collection, recycled fuel oil sales, used oil re-refining activities, and used oil filter removal and disposal services. No customer represented greater than 10% of consolidated revenues for any of the periods presented. There were no intersegment revenues. Both segments operate in the United States and, to an immaterial degree, in Ontario, Canada. As such, the Company is not disclosing operating results by geographic segment.


The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to December 31. The most recent fiscal year ended on December 29, 2018.28, 2019. Each of the Company's first three fiscal quarters consists of twelve weeks while the last fiscal quarter consists of sixteen or seventeen weeks.  


In the Company's Environmental Services segment, product revenues include sales of solvent, machines, absorbent, accessories, and antifreeze; service revenues include servicing of parts cleaning machines, drum waste removal services, vacuum truck services, field services, and other services.services; rental income includes embedded lease income from certain of our parts cleaning contracts. In the Company's Oil Business segment, product revenues primarily consist of sales of re-refined base oil, re-refinery co-products and recycled fuel oil; service revenues include revenues from used oil collection activities, collecting and disposing of waste water and removal and disposal of used oil filters. Due to the Company's integrated business model, it is impracticable to separately present costs of tangible products and costs of services.




8

(2)    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES


The Company's significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2018.28, 2019. There have been no material changes in these policies or their application during the first quarter of fiscal 2019 with the exception of our accounting for leases. See footnote 12 — Commitments and Contingencies for more information.
2020.
Recently Issued Accounting PronouncementsStandards Adopted
StandardIssuance DateDescriptionOur Effective DateEffect on the Financial Statements
ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.”

June 2016This update modifies the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to utilize a new forward-looking “expected loss” methodology that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses.
December 29, 2019

 The Company is evaluatingadopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) on December 29, 2019 and determined there was no material impact on the impact this new standard would have on our consolidated financial statements.


statements with no adjustment to retained earnings.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Adopted
StandardIssuance DateDescriptionEffective DateEffect on the Financial Statements
ASU 2016-02
Leases
(Topic 842), and subsequent updates		February 2016This update was issued to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Early application of the amendments in this update is permitted for all entities.December 30, 2018
The Company adopted the new leasing standard ASC 842 "Leases" on December 30, 2018. ASU 2016-02 provides for a modified retrospective transition 
approach requiring lessees to recognize and measure leases on the balance sheet at the beginning of either the earliest period presented or as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company elected to apply ASU 2016-02 as of the beginning of the period of adoption (December 30, 2018) and will not restate comparative periods. The adoption resulted in the recognition of $63.3 million of right of use assets and $63.3 million of lease liabilities. The Company recognized approximately $2.2 million of deferred rental income from certain embedded leases during the first quarter of 2019.


























Effective December 30, 2018, the Company adopted the requirements of Topic 842. The cumulative effects of the changes made to our Statement of Income and Balance Sheet are as follows:





9
  
For the First Quarter Ended,
March 23, 2019
  As Reported Balances Without Adoption of Topic 842 Effect of Change
(thousands)   Higher/(Lower)
Statement of Income      
       
Service revenues $56,366
 $62,116
 $(5,750)
Rental income 3,548
 —
 3,548
Total revenues 95,772
 97,974
 (2,202)
Operating loss (3,185) (983) (2,202)
Loss before income taxes (3,415) (1,213) (2,202)
Net loss (2,429) (862) (1,567)
Net loss attributable to Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. common stockholders $(2,512) $(945) $(1,567)
       
Net loss per share: basic $(0.11) $(0.04) $(0.07)
Net loss per share: diluted $(0.11) $(0.04) $(0.07)


  March 23, 2019
  As Reported Balances Without Adoption of Topic 842 Effect of Change
(thousands)   Higher/(Lower)
Balance Sheet      
       
Right of use assets $62,929
 $—
 $62,929
Total assets 411,585
 348,656
 62,929
Current portion of lease liabilities 18,433
 —
 18,433
Contract liabilities - net 2,399
 197
 2,202
Other current liabilities 5,986
 5,788
 198
Total current liabilities 72,449
 51,616
 20,833
Lease liabilities, net of current portion 44,298
 —
 44,298
Deferred income taxes 13,544
 14,179
 (635)
Total liabilities 159,407
 94,911
 64,496
Retained earnings 53,307
 54,874
 (1,567)
Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. stockholders' equity $251,447
 $253,014
 $(1,567)
Total equity $252,178
 $253,745
 $(1,567)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $411,585
 $348,656
 $62,929



(3)    BUSINESS COMBINATIONS


On January 28, 2020, the Company acquired the remaining ownership interest in one of our subsidiaries in the amount of $2.7 million.

On October 8, 2019, Heritage-Crystal Clean completed the acquisition of certain assets of California Environmental & Litho, Inc., which provide transportation, manifesting, labeling and profiling services to printing, photographic, automotive and body shop industries in the Bay Area, Central Valley & Northern California. The acquisition represents an expansion of HCC’s Environmental Services business in this geographic area while potentially providing new services and products for this market. No facilities were acquired in the transaction and all service employees and activity will be consolidated in existing branch territories. Total consideration for the acquisition was approximately $0.5 million. Factors leading to goodwill being recognized are the Company's expectations of synergies from combining operations of California Environmental & Litho, Inc. and the Company as well as the value of intangible assets that are not separately recognized, such as an assembled workforce.

On March 25, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of certain assets of All Valley Disposal, Inc., an environmental services provider based in Fresno, California. Consideration for the acquisition paid at closing was $0.6 million. Contingent upon the achievement of certain business performance metrics, total consideration for the acquisition could reach a maximum of approximately $1.3 million. Factors leading to goodwill being recognized are the Company's expectations of synergies from combining operations of All Valley Disposal, Inc., and the Company as well as the value of intangible assets that are not separately recognized, such as an assembled workforce. The results of All Valley Disposal are consolidated into the Company’s Environmental Services segment.
On February 1, 2019, the Company purchased the assets of W.S. Supplies, Inc. ("WSS") pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement. The Company purchased the assets of WSS to expand the Company’s Environmental Services segment in the mid-west. The purchase price was set at $0.5 million subject to certain adjustments, including a contingent consideration provision, and is allocated based on our estimates and assumptions of the approximate fair values of assets acquired on the acquisition date. The results of WSS are consolidated into the Company’s Environmental Services segment.

On January 11, 2019, the Company purchased the assets of the consumer division of GlyEco, Inc. ("GlyEco") pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement. The Company purchased the assets of GlyEco's consumer division to expand the Company’s antifreeze line of business while expanding geographically. The purchase price was set at $1.6 million subject to certain adjustments, including working capital adjustments, and is preliminarily allocated based on our estimates and assumptions of the approximate fair values of assets acquired on the acquisition date. We are still in the process of completing our valuation, and accordingly our estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period. The Company is continuing to examine facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date and how those affect the estimated fair value of working capital, and the allocation of the estimated purchase price to other tangible and intangible assets. The results of GlyEco are consolidated into the Company’s Environmental Services segment.

On February 1, 2019, the Company purchased the assets of W.S. Supplies, Inc. ("WSS") pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement. The Company purchased the assets of WSS to expand the Company’s Environmental Services segment in the mid-west. The purchase price was set at $0.5 million subject to certain adjustments, including a contingent consideration provision, and is preliminarily allocated based on our estimates and assumptions of the approximate fair values of assets acquired on the acquisition date.We are still in the process of completing our valuation, and accordingly our estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period. The Company is continuing to examine facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date and how those affect the estimated fair value of working capital, and the allocation of the estimated purchase price to other tangible and intangible assets. The results of WSS are consolidated into the Company’s Environmental Services segment.

On May 3, 2018, the Company purchased the assets of Products Plus, Inc. and AO Holding Company-Kansas City, LLC (collectively "PPI") pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement. The Company purchased the assets of PPI to expand the Company’s market share in the collection, recycling, and sales of a full line of antifreeze products. The purchase price was set at $5.9 million subject to certain adjustments, including a working capital adjustment and a contingent consideration provision. During the measurement period, the Company finalized the purchase price allocation of the PPI business combination. Compared to the provisional values reported as of December 29, 2018, the fair values presented in the table below reflect increases to property, plant, & equipment of $0.2 million and other intangible assets of $1.5 million. Compared to the provisional values reported as of December 29, 2018, the finalized fair values presented in the table below reflect decreases to contingent consideration of $0.1 million and goodwill of $1.8 million. Contingent consideration to be paid subsequent to March 23, 2019 is contingent upon several business performance metrics over the three-year period starting with the acquisition date and ending May 3, 2021. The range of the potential contingent consideration, which is to be paid out subsequent to March 23, 2019, is between zero to $1.5 million. Goodwill recognized from the acquisition of PPI represents the excess of the estimated purchase consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired. Factors leading to goodwill being recognized are the Company's expectations of synergies from combining operations of PPIGlyEco and the Company as well as the value of intangible assets that are not separately recognized, such as an assembled workforce. The results of PPIGlyEco are consolidated into the Company’s Environmental Services segment.

On June 11, 2018, the Company purchased the assets of Kurt Lanse d/b/a Hot Tank Supply Company ("HTSC") pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement. The Company purchased the assets of HTSC to expand the Company’s market share in California. The purchase price was set at $0.7 million subject to certain adjustments, including a working capital adjustment and a deferred and contingent consideration provision, and is preliminarily allocated based on our estimates and assumptions of the approximate fair values of assets acquired on the acquisition date. We are still in the process of completing our valuation, and accordingly our estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period. The Company is continuing to examine facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date and how those affect the estimated fair value of contingent consideration, working capital, and the allocation of the estimated purchase price to other tangible and intangible assets. The Company estimates that contingent consideration to be paid subsequent to March 23, 2019 will be approximately $0.1 million. Goodwill recognized from the acquisition of HTSC represents the excess of the estimated purchase consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired. Factors leading to goodwill being recognized are the Company's expectations of synergies from combining operations of HTSC and the Company as well as the value of intangible assets that are not separately recognized, such as assembled workforce. The results of HTSC are consolidated into the Company’s Environmental Services segment.



The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired, somenet of which are preliminary,cash acquired, related to each acquisition:



As of March 21, 2020
(thousands)
California Environmental & LithoAll Valley DisposalGlyEcoWSS
Accounts receivable$67  $36  $107  $—  
Inventory3  18  291  28  
Property, plant, & equipment15  252  746  154  
Equipment at customers—  —  —  24  
Intangible assets445  310  251  298  
Goodwill3  384  251  —  
Total purchase price, net of cash acquired$533  $1,000  $1,646  $504  
Less: working capital adjustment—  —  23  —  
Less: contingent consideration120  250  —  —  
Less: to be placed in escrow—  100  —  —  
Net cash paid$413  $650  $1,623  $504  


10

  As of March 23, 2019
(thousands) 
 GlyEco WSS PPI HTSC
         
Accounts receivable $359
 $—
 $909
 $40
Inventory 290
 28
 259
 3
Property, plant, & equipment 746
 154
 2,154
 47
Equipment at customers —
 24
 —
 104
Intangible assets 251
 298
 2,001
 100
Goodwill —
 —
 406
 377
Total purchase price, net of cash acquired $1,646
 $504
 $5,729
 $671
Less: working capital adjustment 23
 14
 (62) (9)
Less: deferred consideration —
 —
 —
 225
Less: contingent consideration —
 90
 1,341
 100
Less: to be placed in escrow —
 50
 —
 —
Net cash paid $1,623
 $350
 $4,450
 $355
(4) REVENUE

Unaudited Pro-forma Financial Information

Pro forma financial information was not presented as results were immaterial to the Company's consolidated results for the quarter ended March 23, 2019.


(4) REVENUE


We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenue is recognized when our performance obligations under the terms of a contract with our customers are satisfied. Recognition occurs when the Company transfers control by completing the specified services at the point in time the customer benefits from the services performed or once our products are delivered. The Company measures progress toward complete satisfaction of a performance obligation satisfied over time using a cost-based input method. This method of measuring progress provides a faithful depiction of the transfer of goods or services because the costs incurred are expected to be substantially proportionate to the Company’s satisfaction of the performance obligation. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for completing our performance obligations. Sales tax and other taxes we collect with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. In the case of contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative stand-alone selling prices of the various goods and/or services encompassed by the contract. We do not have any material significant payment terms as payment is generally due within 30 days after the performance obligation has been satisfactorily completed. The Company has elected the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. In applying the guidance in Topic 606, there were no judgments or estimates made that the Company deems significant.

Accounts Receivable — Net, includes amounts billed and currently due from customers. The amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company's best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company's existing accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on analysis of customer credit worthiness and historical losses. Accounts receivable are written off once the Company determines the account to be uncollectible. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.


Contract Balances — Contract assets primarily relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed in relation to its services performed but not billed at the reporting date. Contract liabilities primarily consist of advance payments of performance obligations yet to be fully satisfied in the period reported. Our contract liabilities and contract assets are reported in a net position at the end of each reporting period.


We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by major lines of business for each of our segments, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.


The following table disaggregates our revenue by major lines:
For the First Quarter Ended,
March 21, 2020March 23, 2019
Total Net Sales by Major Lines of Business (thousands)
Environmental ServicesOil BusinessTotalEnvironmental ServicesOil BusinessTotal
Parts cleaning, containerized waste, & related products/services$40,290  $—  $40,290  $38,134  $—  $38,134  
Vacuum Services & Wastewater Treatment14,618  —  14,618  13,976  —  13,976  
Field Services9,623  —  9,623  3,841  —  3,841  
Antifreeze Business6,677  —  6,677  6,658  —  6,658  
Environmental Services - Other480  —  480  403  —  403  
Re-refinery Product Sales—  25,436  25,436  —  24,035  24,035  
Oil Collection Services & RFO—  3,289  3,289  —  3,962  3,962  
Oil Filter Business—  1,066  1,066  —  1,215  1,215  
Revenues from Contracts with Customers71,688  29,791  101,479  63,012  29,212  92,224  
Rental income5,765  20  5,785  3,484  64  3,548  
Total Revenues$77,453  $29,811  $107,264  $66,496  $29,276  $95,772  
  For the First Quarter Ended, March 23, 2019
Total Net Sales by Major Lines of Business (thousands)
 Environmental Services Oil Business Total
Parts cleaning, containerized waste, & related products/services $38,134
 $—
 $38,134
Vacuum Services & Wastewater Treatment 13,976
 —
 13,976
Antifreeze Business 6,658
 —
 6,658
Field Services 3,841
 —
 3,841
Environmental Services - Other 403
 —
 403
Re-refinery Product Sales —
 24,035
 24,035
Oil Collection Services & RFO —
 3,962
 3,962
Oil Filter Business —
 1,215
 1,215
Revenues from Contracts with Customers 63,012
 29,212
 92,224
Other Revenue 3,484
 64
 3,548
Total Revenues $66,496
 $29,276
 $95,772









The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:
(thousands)March 21, 2020December 28, 2019
Contract assets$68  $64  
Contract liabilities2,496  2,316  
Contract liabilities - net$2,428  $2,252  
11

(thousands) March 23, 2019 December 29, 2018
Contract assets $45
 $100
Contract liabilities 2,444
 266
Contract liabilities - net $2,399
 $166


During the fiscal quarter ended March 23, 2019,21, 2020, the Company recognized $0.3$2.3 million of revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance as of December 29, 2018. During the quarter ended March 23, 2019, the Company recognized within Contract liabilities - net approximately $2.2 million of deferred rental income as a result of the Company having adopted ASC 842 on December 30, 2018.28, 2019. The Company has no assets recognized from costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.



(5)    ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE



Accounts Receivable — Net, includes amounts billed and currently due from customers. The amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable lifetime-expected credit losses in existing accounts receivable and is determined based on our historical collections experience, age of the receivable, knowledge of the customer and the condition of the general economy and industry as a whole. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.


        Accounts receivable for the first quarter ended March 21, 2020, and the fiscal year ended December 28, 2019 consisted of the following:
(thousands)March 21,
2020		December 28,
2019
Trade$53,901  $54,420  
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts1,644  2,221  
Trade - net52,257  52,199  
Related parties2,309  1,560  
Other556  1,827  
Total accounts receivable - net$55,122  $55,586  
(thousands) March 23,
2019		 December 29,
2018
Trade $52,455
 $51,118
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts 1,841
 1,816
Trade - net 50,614
 49,302
Related parties 2,083
 1,595
Other 629
 847
Total accounts receivable - net $53,326
 $51,744


The following table provides the changes in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts for the first quarter ended March 23, 2019,21, 2020, and the fiscal year ended December 29, 2018:28, 2019:
(thousands)March 21,
2020		December 28,
2019
Balance at beginning of period$2,221  $1,816  
Provision for bad debts189  1,486  
Accounts written off, net of recoveries(766) (1,081) 
Balance at end of period$1,644  $2,221  

(thousands) March 23,
2019		 December 29,
2018
Balance at beginning of period $1,816
 $1,881
Provision for bad debts 249
 628
Accounts written off, net of recoveries (224) (693)
Balance at end of period $1,841
 $1,816





(6)    INVENTORY


The carrying value of inventory consisted of the following:
(thousands) March 23,
2019		 December 29,
2018		 (thousands)March 21,
2020		December 28,
2019
Used oil and processed oil $8,664
 $12,124
Used oil and processed oil$9,797  $8,349  
Solvents and solutions 7,983
 8,216
Solvents and solutions8,443  8,694  
Machines 5,988
 5,334
Machines4,619  5,440  
Drums and supplies 5,098
 5,231
Drums and supplies4,238  4,697  
Other 2,170
 2,378
Other2,441  2,632  
Total inventory 29,903
 33,283
Total inventory29,538  29,812  
Less: machine refurbishing reserve 242
 224
Less: machine refurbishing reserve426  439  
Total inventory - net $29,661
 $33,059
Total inventory - net$29,112  $29,373  
 
12

Inventory consists primarily of used oil, processed oil, solvents and solutions, new and refurbished parts cleaning machines, drums and supplies, and other items. Inventories are valued at the lower of first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost or net realizable value, net of any reserves for excess, obsolete, or unsalable inventory. The Company routinely monitors its inventory levels at each of its locations and evaluates inventories for excess or slow-moving items. If circumstances indicate the cost of inventories exceed their recoverable value, inventories are reduced to net realizable value. The Company had no0 inventory write downs during the first quartersquarter of fiscal 20192020 or fiscal 2018.2019.




(7) PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT


Property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following:
 (thousands)March 21,
2020		December 28,
2019
Machinery, vehicles, and equipment$127,502  $127,242  
Buildings and storage tanks71,607  71,616  
Land9,647  9,664  
Leasehold improvements6,523  6,523  
Construction in progress13,275  7,958  
Assets held for sale—  4  
Total property, plant and equipment228,554  223,007  
Less: accumulated depreciation70,623  68,096  
Property, plant and equipment - net$157,931  $154,911  
 (thousands)March 21,
2020		December 28,
2019
Equipment at customers$79,201  $77,914  
Less: accumulated depreciation54,827  53,682  
Equipment at customers - net$24,374  $24,232  
 (thousands) March 23,
2019		 December 29,
2018
Machinery, vehicles, and equipment $100,350
 $98,708
Buildings and storage tanks 69,977
 69,791
Land 9,659
 9,546
Leasehold improvements 5,738
 5,701
Construction in progress 20,251
 15,405
Assets held for sale 4
 4
Total property, plant and equipment 205,979
 199,155
Less: accumulated depreciation 61,183
 59,168
Property, plant and equipment - net $144,796
 $139,987
     
 (thousands) March 23,
2019		 December 29,
2018
Equipment at customers $74,113
 $73,075
Less: accumulated depreciation 50,274
 49,261
Equipment at customers - net $23,839
 $23,814


Depreciation expense for the first quartersquarter ended March 21, 2020 and March 23, 2019 was $4.4 million and March 24, 2018 was $3.1 million, and $2.9 million, respectively.

13




(8) GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS


Goodwill is measured as a residual amount as of the acquisition date, which in most cases results in measuring goodwill as an excess of the purchase consideration transferred plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the net assets acquired, including any contingent consideration. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and in interim periods if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company's determination of fair value requires certain assumptions and estimates, such as margin expectations, market conditions, growth expectations, expected changes in working capital, etc., regarding expected future profitability and expected future cash flows. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at each of its two2 reporting units, Environmental Services and Oil Business.


The following table shows changes to our goodwill balances by segment from December 29, 201828, 2019 to March 23, 2019:21, 2020:
(thousands)
Oil BusinessEnvironmental ServicesTotal
Goodwill at December 28, 2019
     Gross carrying amount$3,952  $32,997  $36,949  
     Accumulated impairment loss(3,952) —  (3,952) 
Net book value at December 28, 2019$—  $32,997  $32,997  
Measurement period and other adjustments—  (7) (7) 
Goodwill at March 21, 2020
     Gross carrying amount3,952  32,990  36,942  
     Accumulated impairment loss(3,952) —  (3,952) 
Net book value at March 21, 2020$—  $32,990  $32,990  
(thousands) 
 Oil Business Environmental Services Total
       
Goodwill at December 29, 2018      
     Gross carrying amount $3,952
 $34,123
 $38,075
     Accumulated impairment loss (3,952) —
 (3,952)
Net book value at December 29, 2018 $—
 $34,123
 $34,123
Measurement period adjustments —
 (1,765) —
Goodwill at March 23, 2019      
     Gross carrying amount 3,952
 32,358
 36,310
     Accumulated impairment loss (3,952) —
 (3,952)
Net book value at March 23, 2019 $—
 $32,358
 $32,358

The following is a summary of software and other intangible assets:
March 21, 2020December 28, 2019
(thousands)
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Customer & supplier relationships$25,531  $14,545  $10,986  $25,551  $13,886  $11,665  
Software8,229  5,033  3,196  8,093  4,887  3,206  
Non-compete agreements3,590  3,087  503  3,603  3,068  535  
Patents, formulae, and licenses1,769  791  978  1,769  774  995  
Other1,701  1,241  460  1,702  1,211  491  
Total software and intangible assets - net$40,820  $24,697  $16,123  $40,718  $23,826  $16,892  
  March 23, 2019 December 29, 2018
(thousands) 
 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount
Customer & supplier relationships $25,020
 $12,001
 $13,019
 $23,686
 $11,445
 $12,241
Software 6,446
 4,452
 1,994
 5,040
 4,094
 946
Non-compete agreements 3,369
 2,952
 417
 2,937
 2,904
 33
Patents, formulae, and licenses 1,769
 723
 1,046
 1,769
 708
 1,061
Other 1,701
 1,107
 594
 1,442
 1,042
 400
Total software and intangible assets - net $38,305
 $21,235
 $17,070
 $34,874
 $20,193
 $14,681


Amortization expense was $1.0$0.9 million for the first quarter ended March 21, 2020, and $1.0 million for the first quarter ended March 23, 2019, and $0.7 million for the first quarter ended March 24, 2018. 2019.

The weighted average useful lives of software; customer & supplier relationships; patents, formulae, and licenses; non-compete agreements,software and other intangibles were 10 years, 11 years, 15 years, 5 years, and 7 years, respectively.are as follows:

Weighted Average Useful Life (years)
Patents, formulae, & licenses15
Customer and supplier relationships11
Software9
Non-compete agreements5
Other intangibles7

14

The expectedestimated amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 20192020 and foreach of the five succeeding fiscal years 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 is $2.4 million, $3.0 million, $2.8 million, $2.6 million, and $2.1 million, respectively. as follows:
(millions)
Fiscal YearAmortization Expense
2020$2.6
20213.2
20223.0
20232.4
20240.9
20250.7

The preceding expected amortization expense is an estimate. Actual amounts of amortization expense may differ from estimated amounts due to additional intangible asset acquisitions, the finalization of the fair value of intangible assets that have been acquired from business combinations, disposal of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets, and other events.




(9) ACCOUNTS PAYABLE


Accounts payable consisted of the following:
(thousands)
March 21,
2020		December 28,
2019
Accounts payable$30,196  $37,690  
Accounts payable - related parties411  368  
Total accounts payable$30,607  $38,058  


(thousands) 
 March 23,
2019		 December 29,
2018
Accounts payable $34,459
 $32,471
Accounts payable - related parties 399
 159
Total accounts payable $34,858
 $32,630


(10) DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
Bank Credit Facility


The Company's Credit Agreement as amended ("Credit Agreement"), dated February 21, 2017, provides for borrowings of up to $95.0 million, subject to the satisfaction of certain terms and conditions, comprised of a term loan of $30.0 million and up to $65.0 million of borrowings under thea revolving loan portion.loan. The actual amount of borrowings available under the revolving loan portion of the Credit Agreement is limited by the Company's total leverage ratio. The amount available to draw at any point in time would be further reduced by any standby letters of credit issued.


Loans made under the Credit Agreement may be Base Rate Loans or LIBOR Rate Loans, at the election of the Company subject to certain exceptions. Base Rate Loans have an interest rate equal to (i) the higher of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%, (b) the London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 1%, or (c) Bank of America's prime rate, plus (ii) a variable margin of between 0.75% and 1.75% depending on the Company's total leverage ratio, calculated on a consolidated basis. LIBOR rate loans have an interest rate equal to (i) the LIBOR rate plus (ii) a variable margin of between 1.75% and 2.75% depending on the Company's total leverage ratio. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of the Company's tangible and intangible assets.


On July 27, 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out the London Interbank Offered Rate by the end of 2021. We expect that widespread use of LIBOR will transition to alternative interest rates in the near future. Since loans made under our Credit Agreement may be based on LIBOR based loans, the phasing out of LIBOR may adversely affect interest rates that could result in higher borrowing costs and higher interest expense. The Company is currently evaluating its options under our Credit Agreement, but at this time we cannot reasonably estimate the impact to our financial statements.

The Credit Agreement contains customary terms and provisions (including representations, covenants, and conditions) for transactions of this type. Certain covenants, among other things, restrict the Company's and its subsidiaries' ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make investments and sell assets. The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, covenants and representations and warranties. Financial covenants include:

15


•An interest coverage ratio (based on interest expense and EBITDA) of at least 3.5 to 1.0;


•A total leverage ratio no greater than 3.03.00 to 1.0,1.00, provided that in the event of a permitted acquisition having an aggregate consideration equal to $10.0 million or more, at the Borrower’s election, the total leverage ratio shall be deemed to be 3.25 to 1.00 for the fiscal quarter in which such permitted acquisition occurs and the three immediately following fiscal quarters and thereafter will revert to 3.00 to 1.00; and


•A capital expenditures covenant limiting capital expenditures to $100.0 million plus, if the capital expenditures permitted have been fully utilized, an additional amount for the remaining term of the Credit Agreement equal to 35% of EBITDA for the thirteen “four-week” periods most recently ended immediately prior to the full utilization of such $100.0 million basket.


The Credit Agreement places certain limitations on acquisitions and the payment of dividends.
Debt at March 23, 201921, 2020 and December 29, 201828, 2019 consisted of the following:
(thousands)March 21, 2020December 28, 2019
Principal amount$30,000  $30,000  
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs582  652  
Long-term debt, less current maturities$29,418  $29,348  
(thousands) March 23, 2019 December 29, 2018
Principal amount $30,000
 $30,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs 884
 954
Debt less unamortized debt issuance costs $29,116
 $29,046






TheFor the first fiscal quarters ended March 21, 2020, and March 23, 2019, the Company recorded interest expense of $0.4 million, of which $0.3 million is onwith respect to our term loan, and $0.1 million which isrelated to amortization of debt issuance costs, for the first quarter ended March 23, 2019. The Company recorded interest expense of $0.3 million for the first quarter ended March 24, 2018 which was primarily on our term loan.costs.


The Company's weighted average interest rate for all debt as of March 21, 2020, and March 23, 2019 was 3.7% and March 24, 2018 was 4.5% and 3.4%, respectively.


As of March 23, 201921, 2020 and December 29, 2018,28, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under its Credit Agreement. As of March 23, 201921, 2020 and December 29, 2018,28, 2019, the Company had $1.2$1.7 million and $1.3$1.1 million of standby letters of credit issued, respectively, and $63.8$63.3 million and $63.7$63.9 million was available for borrowing under the bank credit facility, respectively. We believe that the carrying value of our debt balance at March 23, 201921, 2020 approximates fair value.






16



(11) SEGMENT INFORMATION


The Company has two2 reportable segments: "Environmental Services" and "Oil Business." The Environmental Services segment consists primarily of the Company's parts cleaning, containerized waste management, vacuum truck service, antifreeze recycling activities, and field services. The Oil Business segment consists primarily of the Company's used oil collection, used oil re-refining activities, and the dehydration of used oil to be sold as recycled fuel oil.


No single customer in either segment accounted for more than 10.0% of consolidated revenues in any of the periods presented. There were no intersegment revenues. Both the Environmental Services and Oil Business segmentsegments operate in the United States and, to an immaterial degree, in Ontario, Canada. As such, the Company is not disclosing operating results by geographic segment.

Segment results for the first quarters ended March 23, 2019,21, 2020, and March 24, 201823, 2019 were as follows:
First Quarter Ended,
March 21, 2020
(thousands)

Environmental
Services
Oil BusinessCorporate and
Eliminations		Consolidated
Revenues
Service revenues$60,960  $2,797  $—  $63,757  
Product revenues10,728  26,994  —  37,722  
Rental income5,765  20  —  5,785  
Total revenues$77,453  $29,811  $—  $107,264  
Operating expenses
Operating costs56,40426,846—  83,250
Operating depreciation and amortization2,2712,055—  4,326
Profit before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses$18,778  $910  $—  $19,688  
Selling, general, and administrative expenses11,52211,522
Depreciation and amortization from SG&A942942
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses$12,464  $12,464  
Other expense - net272  272
Operating income6,952
Interest expense – net214214
Income before income taxes$6,738  










17

First Quarter Ended,First Quarter Ended,First Quarter Ended,
March 23, 2019March 23, 2019March 23, 2019
(thousands) 

Environmental
Services
 Oil Business Corporate and
Eliminations		 Consolidated(thousands)

Environmental
Services
Oil BusinessCorporate and
Eliminations		Consolidated
        
RevenuesRevenues        Revenues
Service revenues $52,875
 $3,491
 $—
 $56,366
Service revenues$52,875  $3,491  $—  $56,366  
Product revenues 10,137
 25,721
 —
 35,858
Product revenues10,137  25,721  —  35,858  
Rental income 3,484
 64
 —
 3,548
Rental income3,484  64  —  3,548  
Total revenuesTotal revenues
$66,496
 $29,276
 $—
 $95,772
Total revenues$66,496  $29,276  $—  $95,772  
Operating expensesOperating expenses
       Operating expenses
Operating costs
50,163
 32,320
 —
 82,483
Operating costs50,16332,320—  82,483
Operating depreciation and amortization
1,636
 1,434
 —
 3,070
Operating depreciation and amortization1,6361,434—  3,070
Profit (loss) before corporate selling, general, and administrative expensesProfit (loss) before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses
$14,697
 $(4,478) $—
 $10,219
Profit (loss) before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses$14,697  $(4,478) $—  $10,219  
Selling, general, and administrative expensesSelling, general, and administrative expenses
    12,396
 12,396
Selling, general, and administrative expenses12,39612,396
Depreciation and amortization from SG&ADepreciation and amortization from SG&A
    1,066
 1,066
Depreciation and amortization from SG&A1,0661,066
Total selling, general, and administrative expensesTotal selling, general, and administrative expenses
    $13,462
 $13,462
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses$13,462  $13,462  
Other income - netOther income - net
    (58) (58)
Other income - net(58)(58)
Operating lossOperating loss
      (3,185)
Operating loss(3,185)
Interest expense – netInterest expense – net
    230
 230
Interest expense – net230230
Loss before income taxesLoss before income taxes
      $(3,415)Loss before income taxes$(3,415) 












First Quarter Ended,
March 24, 2018
 (thousands) 

Environmental
Services
 Oil Business Corporate and
Eliminations		 Consolidated
          
Revenues        
 Service revenues $51,032
 $3,105
 $—
 $54,137
 Product revenues 6,444
 22,566
 —
 29,010
Total revenues $57,476
 $25,671
 $—
 $83,147
Operating expenses        
 Operating costs 42,725
 25,661
 —
 68,386
 Operating depreciation and amortization 1,490
 1,389
 —
 2,879
Profit (loss) before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses $13,261
 $(1,379) $—
 $11,882
Selling, general, and administrative expenses     11,022
 11,022
Depreciation and amortization from SG&A     764
 764
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses     $11,786
 $11,786
Other expense - net     389
 389
Operating loss       (293)
Interest expense – net     245
 245
Loss before income taxes       $(538)



Total assets by segment as of March 23, 2019,21, 2020, and December 29, 201828, 2019 were as follows:
(thousands)March 21, 2020December 28, 2019
Total Assets:
Environmental Services$225,308  $224,657  
Oil Business170,688  171,104  
Unallocated Corporate Assets70,662  75,553  
Total$466,658  $471,314  
(thousands) March 23, 2019 December 29, 2018
Total Assets:    
 Environmental Services $197,092
 $148,192
 Oil Business 157,383
 142,691
 Unallocated Corporate Assets 57,110
 56,939
 Total $411,585
 $347,822


Segment assets for the Environmental Services and Oil Business segments consist of property, plant, and equipment, right-of-use assets, intangible assets, accounts receivable, goodwill, and inventories. Assets for the corporate unallocated amounts consist of property, plant, and equipment used at the corporate headquarters as well as cash and net deferred tax assets.




18

(12)    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES


LEASES


Lessee


The Company leases buildings and property, railcars, machinery and equipment, trailers and various types of vehicles for use in our operations. Each arrangement is evaluated individually to determine if the arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components and we have elected to not separate lease and non-lease components for all classes of underlying assets. In addition, our lease agreements do not contain any material residual guarantees or restrictive covenants.


Leases may include variable lease payments for common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and truck lease mileage. No leases are tied to a market index rate or CPI. Variable lease payments are not included in the initial measurement of the right-of-use assets or lease liabilities, and are recorded as lease expense in the period incurred. Unless leases include an optionOptions to renew terms for longer thanextend or terminate a year,lease are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. We have elected not to record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.the balance sheet and instead recognize those lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with initial terms in excess of 12 months are recorded as either operating or financing leases in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.


Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating leaseOur leased right-of-use assets are measured at the initial measurement of the lease liability, adjusted for any lease payments made prior to the lease commencement date, less any lease incentives received and other initial direct costs incurred. OperatingOur lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date, including lease term, in determining the present value of future payments.


Our leases have remaining terms ranging from less than one month to 11 years and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Operating leaseLease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have noOur finance leases asinclude a fleet of March 23, 2019.mobile equipment.





























19

The components of lease expense were as follows:
For the First Quarter Ended
(thousands)March 21,
2020		March 23,
2019
Finance lease cost:
    Amortization of right-of-use assets$322  $—  
    Interest on lease liabilities74  —  
Total finance lease cost$396  $—  
Operating lease cost$6,051  $6,031  
Short-term lease cost1,360  1,404  
Variable lease cost1,033  1,093  
Total lease cost$8,444  $8,528  
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
    Operating cash flows from financing leases$66  $—  
    Operating cash flows from operating leases$6,523  $6,341  
    Financing cash flows from financing leases$210  $—  
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities$3,264  $—  
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$588  $67,593  
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
    Finance leases6.6—  
    Operating leases4.94.9
Weighted-average discount rate
    Finance leases3.4 %— %
    Operating leases5.8 %5.5 %
(thousands) For the First Quarter Ended, March 23, 2019
Operating lease cost $6,031 
Short-term lease cost 1,404 
Variable lease cost 1,093 
Total lease cost $8,528 
   
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:  
    Operating cash flows from operating leases $6,341 
   
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $67,593 
   
  As of March 23, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term 4.40 
Weighted-average discount rate 5.5%

















Future annual minimum lease payment commitments as of March 23, 201921, 2020 were as follows:
(thousands)
Year 1$26,299 
Year 221,007 
Year 317,204 
Year 413,125 
Year 59,398 
 thereafter15,778 
Total minimum lease payments$102,811 
Less: imputed interest13,512 
Lease liability$89,299 
(thousands)  
2019 $16,705
2020 16,997
2021 13,355
2022 10,139
2023 6,887
2024 and thereafter 6,822
Total minimum lease payments $70,905
Less: imputed interest 8,174
Lease liability $62,731







Lessor

20


The Company is a lessor of portions of a building and property, railcars, and equipment such as embedded leases of parts cleaning machines. Each of the Company’s leases is classified as an operating lease, and the vast majority are short-term leases. Variable lease payments include real and personal property taxes, which are based on the lessee’s pro rata portion of such amounts, and excess mileage charges which are computed as the actual miles traveled in a calendar year minus the maximum average mileage allowance as specified per the contract. Options to extend the lease beyond the original terms range from day-to-day renewals to increments of five-yearfive-year extensions. Options to terminate the lease range from immediate termination upon return of the asset to various written notification periods following a minimum lease term. Options for a lessee to purchase the underlying asset are not contractually specified but may be negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Significant judgments made in determining whether a contract contains a lease include assessments as to whether or not the contract conveys the right to direct the use of an identified asset. Significant judgments made in allocating consideration between lease and non-lease components include techniques applied in estimating the relative stand-alone selling prices of the lease and non-lease components of the contract in cases where a stand-alone selling price is not directly observable. As of March 23, 2019,21, 2020, the Company is party to a contract under which it leases railcars to the related party Calumet Specialty Products Partners, L.P. No leased assets are covered by residual value guarantees. The Company manages the risk associated with the residual value of leased assets through such means as performing periodic maintenance and upkeep activities and the inclusion of contractual terms that hold the lessee responsible for damage incurred to leased assets. Contained in Note 7, “Property, plant, and equipment,” are disclosures concerning the Company’s underlying assets under operating leases. The Company has made an accounting policy election to exclude from the consideration in the contract, and from variable payments not included in the consideration in the contract, all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific lease revenue-producing transaction and collected by the lessor from a lessee.


The Company recognizes rental income on a straight-line basis for that portion of the consideration allocated to the embedded lease component of certain of our parts cleaning contracts. We also recognize rental income on certain subleases of railcars and portions of a building and property.


Rental income for the first quarter ended March 23, 2019 was as follows:
For the First Quarter Ended
March 21, 2020March 23, 2019
(thousands)Environmental ServicesOil BusinessTotalEnvironmental ServicesOil BusinessTotal
Parts Cleaning$5,765  $—  $5,765  $3,484  $—  $3,484  
Railcars—  16  16  —  57  57  
Property—  4  4  —  7  7  
Total rental income$5,765  $20  $5,785  $3,484  $64  $3,548  
(thousands) Environmental Services Oil Business Total
Parts Cleaning $3,484
 $—
 $3,484
Railcars —
 57
 57
Property —
 7
 7
Total rental income $3,484
 $64
 $3,548


Purchase Obligations




The Company may enter into purchase obligations with certain vendors. They represent expected payments to third party service providers and other commitments entered into during the normal course of our business. These purchase obligations are generally cancelable with or without notice, without penalty, although certain vendor agreements provide for cancellation fees or penalties depending on the terms of the contract.


The Company has purchase obligations in the form of open purchase orders of $19.0$25.8 million as of March 23, 2019,21, 2020, and $18.6$28.3 million as of December 29, 2018,28, 2019, primarily for used oil, solvent, machine purchases, disposal and transportation expenses, and capital expenditures.


The Company may be subject to investigations, claims or lawsuits as a result of operating its business, including matters governed by environmental laws and regulations. The Company may also be subject to tax audits in a variety of jurisdictions. When claims are asserted, the Company evaluates the likelihood that a loss will occur and records a liability for those instances when the likelihood is deemed probable and the exposure is reasonably estimable. The Company carries insurance at levels it believes are adequate to cover loss contingencies based on historical claims activity. When the potential loss exposure is limited to the insurance deductible and the likelihood of loss is determined to be probable, the Company accrues for the amount of the required deductible, unless a lower amount of exposure is estimated. As of March 23, 201921, 2020 and December 29, 2018,28, 2019, the Company had accrued $4.4$3.9 million and $4.2$4.0 million related to loss contingencies and other contingent liabilities, respectively.



21

(13)    INCOME TAXES


 The Company deducted for federal income tax purposes accelerated "bonus" depreciation on the majority of its capital expenditures for assets placed in service in fiscal 2011 through the first quarter of 2019.2020. Therefore, the Company recorded a noncurrent deferred tax liability as to the difference between the book basis and the tax basis of those assets. In addition, as a resultAs of the federal bonus depreciation,first quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company recorded aCompany's remaining Federal Net Operating Loss ("NOL"). was $19.4 million, which will begin to expire in 2031. The unexpired balance on the federal NOL generated in 2011 is $0.4 million as of March 23rd,21, 2020. The Company's remaining balance of Federal NOLs recorded during 2012 - 2019 was $26.2 million.$19.1 million as of March 21, 2020. There are also state NOLs of varying amounts, dependent on each state’s conformity with bonus depreciation. The remaining deferred tax asset related to the Company's state and federal NOL was a tax effected balance of $5.9$4.7 million.


The Company's effective tax rate for the first quarter of fiscal 20192020 was 28.9%21.5% compared to 81.1%28.9% in the first quarter of fiscal 2018.2019. The rate differencedecrease is principally attributable to windfall tax benefits associated with stock compensation having a lesserthe opposing effect on the tax rate from equity compensation in an income quarter as compared to the first quarter of 2018.a loss quarter.



The Company establishes reserves when it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the full tax benefit of a position. The Company had a reserve of $2.5$2.7 million for uncertain tax positions as of March 23, 2019.21, 2020. The gross unrecognized tax benefits would, if recognized, decrease the Company's effective tax rate.






22

(14)    SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION


On February 20, 2019, the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2019 Incentive Award Plan (the “2019 Plan”), to replace the Company’s 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2008 Plan”), which expired in March 2018. The 2019 Plan is subjectwas approved during the second quarter of 2019 and authorizes 1,500,000 shares to shareholder approval, and if the stockholders approve the 2019 Plan, the total number of shares of common stock that will be made available for award grants under the 2019 Plan will be 1,500,000 shares.grants.


Stock Option Awards

A summary of stock option activity under this Plan is as follows:
Outstanding Stock Options
Number of
Options
Outstanding
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(in years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value as of Date Listed
(in thousands)
Options outstanding at December 29, 20182,760
 $7.33
 0.24
 $41
   Exercised(2,760) 7.33
 —
 —
Options outstanding at March 23, 2019—
 $—
 —
 $—

Restricted Stock Compensation/Awards


Annually, the Company grants restricted shares to its Board of Directors. The shares become fully vested one year from their grant date. The fair value of each restricted stock grant is based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The Company amortizes the expense over the service period, which is the fiscal year in which the award is granted. In addition, the Company may grant restricted shares to certain members of management based on their services and contingent upon continued service with the Company. The restricted shares vest over a period of approximately three years from the grant date. The fair value of each restricted stock grant is based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant.


The following table shows a summary of restricted share grants and expense resulting from the awards:
        
   Compensation Expense    Compensation Expense
(thousands, except share amounts)(thousands, except share amounts) First Quarters Ended, Unrecognized Expense as of,(thousands, except share amounts)First Quarters Ended,Unrecognized Expense as of,
Recipient of Grant Grant Date Restricted Shares March 23, 2019 March 24, 2018 March 23, 2019 December 29, 2018Recipient of GrantGrant DateRestricted SharesMarch 21, 2020March 23, 2019March 21, 2020March 23, 2019
Members of Management February, 2017 146,564
 $89
 $99
 $296
 $385
Members of ManagementFebruary, 2017146,564  $—  $89  $—  $296  
Chief Executive Officer February, 2017 500,000
 205
 511
 1,025
 1,230
Chief Executive OfficerFebruary, 2017500,000  106  205  400  1,025  
Members of Management February, 2018 116,958
 136
 122
 1,040
 1,176
Members of ManagementFebruary, 2018116,958  142  136  472  1,040  
Special Incentive GrantSpecial Incentive GrantApril, 2018350,000  344  163  3,084  5,192  
Board of DirectorsBoard of DirectorsMay, 201910,590  —  66  —  219  
Members of Management April, 2018 350,000
 163
 —
 5,192
 6,633
Members of ManagementMay, 201923,560  50  —  408  —  
Board of Directors May, 2018 13,800
 —
 66
 —
 —
Members of ManagementMembers of ManagementFebruary, 202041,138  165  —  705  —  


In February 2017, as part of Mr. Recatto's employment agreement, the Company granted a restricted stock award of 500,000 shares of common stock, which vests through January 2021 in an amount based on the vesting table below, with the common stock price increase to be determined based on the increase in the price of the Company’s common stock (if any) from the closing price of the common stock as reported by Nasdaq on the employment commencement date ($15.00) and the common stock price on the potential vesting date (determined by using the weighted average closing price of a share of the Company's common stock for the 90-day period ending on the vesting date). If the stock price does not increase by $5.00, then no0 shares shall vest. During the first quarter of fiscal 2019,2020, the Company recorded approximately $0.2$0.1 million of compensation expense related to this award. In the future, the Company expects to recognize compensation expense of approximately $1.0$0.4 million over the remaining requisite service period, which ends January 31, 2021. The fair value of this restricted stock award as of the grant date was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Key assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the grant date fair value of this award are a risk-free rate of 1.70%, expected dividend yield of zero,0, and an expected volatility assumption of 41.73%.





Vesting Table
Increase in Stock Price From the Employment Commencement Date to the Vesting Date
Total percentagePercentage of Restricted Stock

Shares to Be Vested
Less than $5 per share increase—%
$5 per share increase25%
$10 per share increase50%
$15 per share increase75%
$20 or more per share increase100%

23


Provision for possible accelerated vesting of award


If the average closing price of the Company's common stock increases by the marginal levels set forth in the above vesting table for any consecutive 180 day period between the award date and final vesting date, Mr. Recatto shall become vested in 50% of the corresponding total percentage of restricted shares earned on the last day of the 180 day period. On March 14, 2018,

Accelerated vestings achieved to date include the average closing price of the Company's common stock met the 25% marginal level and Mr. Recatto became fully vested in half of the 125,000 vested shares.following:


Vesting DateMarginal Level TargetShares Fully Vested
March 14, 201825%62,500
June 10, 201950%62,500


The following table summarizes the restricted stock activity for the first quarter ended March 23, 2019:21, 2020:
Restricted Stock (Nonvested Shares)Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested shares outstanding at December 28, 2019784,579  $18.39  
Granted41,138  28.16  
Vested(64,408) 19.15  
Forfeited(8,088) 15.42  
Nonvested shares outstanding at March 21, 2020753,221  $17.34  
Restricted Stock (Nonvested Shares) Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested shares outstanding at December 29, 2018 1,013,863
 $18.20
Granted —
 —
Vested (82,072) 16.99
Forfeited (65,641) 22.04
Nonvested shares outstanding at March 23, 2019 866,150
 $18.02


Employee Stock Purchase Plan


As of March 23, 2019,21, 2020, the Company had reserved 124,287105,483 shares of common stock available for purchase under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. In the first quarter of fiscal 2019,2020, employees purchased 4,9754,102 shares of the Company’s common stock with a weighted average fair market value of $23.54$31.21 per share.




24



(15)  EARNINGS PER SHARE


The following table reconciles the number of shares outstanding for the first quarters of fiscal 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively, to the number of weighted average basic shares outstanding and the number of weighted average diluted shares outstanding for the purposes of calculating basic and diluted earnings per share:
 First Quarter Ended,
 (thousands, except per share amounts)March 21, 2020March 23, 2019
Net income (loss)$5,291  $(2,429) 
Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interest—  83  
Net income (loss) attributable to Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. available to common stockholders$5,291  $(2,512) 
Weighted average basic shares outstanding23,239  23,117  
Dilutive shares for share–based compensation plans183  —  
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding23,422  23,117  
Number of anti–dilutive potentially issuable shares excluded from diluted shares outstanding—  248  
Net income (loss) per share: basic$0.23  $(0.11) 
Net income (loss) per share: diluted$0.23  $(0.11) 

  First Quarter Ended,
 (thousands, except share amounts) March 23, 2019 March 24, 2018
Net loss $(2,429) $(102)
Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interest 83
 18
Net loss attributable to Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. available to common stockholders $(2,512) $(120)
     
Weighted average basic shares outstanding 23,117
 22,962
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding 23,117
 22,962
     
Number of anti–dilutive potentially issuable shares excluded from diluted shares outstanding 248
 170
     
Net loss per share: basic $(0.11) $(0.01)
Net loss per share: diluted $(0.11) $(0.01)


(16)  OTHER EXPENSE (INCOME) EXPENSE - NET


Other (income) expense - net was $0.1 million of income for the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Other expense (income) - net of $0.4was $0.3 million of expense for the first quarter of fiscal 2018 primarily related2020, compared to $0.3a net $0.1 million of site closure costs for a facilityother income in Wilmington, DE.the first quarter of 2019.



25



(17) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 20, 2019, the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2019 Incentive Award Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The 2019 plan was approved by shareholders on May 1, 2019 at the Company's Annual Meeting. See footnote 14 — Share-Based Compensation for more information.


On March 25, 2019, the Company31, 2020, Heritage-Crystal Clean completed the acquisition of certain assets of All Valley Disposal, Inc.Gro America (“Gro”), an environmentalwhich has expanded our network of wastewater processing facilities and augmented our field services provider basedcapabilities to better serve our customers throughout the Midwestern United States. This acquisition provides the Company with a first-class centralized wastewater treatment operation in Fresno, California. Consideration forWyoming, Michigan just outside of Grand Rapids, and adds a robust field services business with expanded service capabilities which will allow us to reduce the acquisition paid at closing was approximately $0.6 million. Contingent upon the achievementuse of subcontractors required to complete field services projects in certain business performance metrics, totalgeographies. Total consideration for the acquisition could reach a maximumwas approximately $10.0 million.

COVID-19 Pandemic

We are closely monitoring the spread and impact of approximately $1.3 million.the COVID-19 pandemic and are continually assessing its potential effects on our business and our financial performance as well as the businesses of our customers and vendors. The Company cannot predict the duration or severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we cannot reasonably estimate the financial impact the COVID-19 outbreak will have on our results and significant estimates going forward.






ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements


You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2019.3, 2020. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as "aim," "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "project," "should," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," "would" and other words and terms of similar meaning in conjunction with a discussion of future or estimated operating or financial performance. You should read statements that contain these words carefully, because they discuss our future expectations, contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial position or state other “forward-looking” information. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this quarterly report. Factors that could cause such differences include those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 20182019 filed with the SEC on March 6, 2019.3, 2020. Except as required under federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the SEC, we do not have any intention, and do not undertake, to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date of this quarterly report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. As a result of these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements included in this quarterly report or that may be made elsewhere from time to time by, or on behalf of, us. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements. Certain tabular information may not foot due to rounding. Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to December 31. Interim results are presented for the twelve weeks ("first quarter" or "quarter") ended March 21, 2020 and March 23, 2019, and March 24, 2018, respectively. "Fiscal 2018"2019" represents the 52-week period ended December 29, 2018,28, 2019 and "Fiscal 2019"2020" represents the 52-week period beginning December 29, 2019, and ending on December 28, 2019.31, 2020.


Overview


We provide parts cleaning, containerized waste management, used oil collection, vacuum truck services, antifreeze recycling, and field services primarily to small and medium sized industrial customers as well as vehicle maintenance customers. We own and operate a used oil re-refinery, several wastewater treatment plants and multiple antifreeze recycling facilities. We believe we are the second largest provider of industrial and hazardous waste services to small and mid-sized customers in both the vehicle maintenance and manufacturingindustrial services sector in North America, and we have the second largest used oil re-refining capacity in North America. Our services help our customers manage their used chemicals and liquid and solid wastes while also helping to minimize their regulatory burdens. We operate from a network of 91 89 branch facilities providing services to customers in 45 states and parts of Canada. We conduct business through two segments: Environmental Services and Oil Business.


Our Environmental Services segment revenues are generated primarily from providing parts cleaning services, containerized waste management, vacuum truck services, antifreeze recycling, and field services. Revenues from this segment accounted for approximately 70%72% of our total Company revenues for the first quarter of fiscal 2019.2020. In the Environmental
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Services segment, we define and measure same-branch revenues for a given period as the subset of all our branches that have been open and operating throughout and between the periods being compared, and we refer to these as established branches. We calculate average revenues per working day by dividing our revenues by the number of non-holiday weekdays in the applicable fiscal year or fiscal quarter.




Our Oil Business segment consists primarily of our used oil collection, used oil re-refining activities, and recycled fuel oil ("RFO") sales which together accounted for approximately 30%28% of our total Company revenues in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.2020.


Our operating costs include the costs of the materials we use in our products and services, such as used oil collected from customers or purchased from third party collectors, solvent, and other chemicals. The used solvent that we retrieve from customers in our product reuse program is accounted for as a reduction in our net cost of solvent under operating costs, whether placed in inventory or sold to a purchaser for reuse. Changes in the price of crude oil can impact operating costs indirectly as it may impact the price we pay for solvent or used oil, although we attempt to offset volatility in the oil markets by managing the spread between the costs we pay for our materials and the prices we charge for our products and services. Operating costs also include transportation of solvents and waste, payments to third parties to recycle or dispose of the waste materials that we collect, and the costs of operating our re-refinery, recycling centers, waste water treatment facilities, hubs, and branch system including personnel costs (including commissions), facility rent, truck leases, fuel, and maintenance. Our operating costs as a percentage of sales generally increase in relation to the number of new branch openings. As new branches achieve route density and scale efficiencies, our operating costs as a percentage of sales generally decrease.


We use profit before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses ("SG&A") as a key measure of segment profitability. We define profit before corporate SG&A expense as revenue less operating costs and depreciation and amortization from operations.


Our corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses include the costs of performing centralized business functions, including sales management at or above the regional level, business management and marketing, billing, receivables management, accounting and finance, procurement, real estate management, information technology, environmental health and safety, human resources and legal.


We operate a used oil re-refinery located in Indianapolis, Indiana, through which we recycle used oil into high quality lubricant base oil and other products. We supply the base oil to firms that produce and market finished lubricants. Our re-refinery has an annual nameplate capacity of approximately 75 million gallons of used oil feedstock, allowing it to produce approximately 4749 million gallons of lubricating base oil per year when operating at full capacity.


        
Critical Accounting Policies


Critical accounting policies are those that are both important to the accurate portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results and require subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.


In order to prepare financial statements that conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, commonly referred to as GAAP, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Certain estimates are particularly sensitive due to their significance to the financial statements and the possibility that future events may be significantly different from our expectations.


There were no material changes during the first quarter of fiscal 20192020 to the information provided under the heading "Critical Accounting Policies" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2018 with the exception28, 2019.

Impact of the adoptionCOVID-19 Pandemic on Our Business

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption and volatility on a global scale resulting in,
among other things, an economic slowdown. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, national and local governments around the world have instituted certain measures, including travel bans, prohibitions on group events and gatherings, shutdowns of certain businesses, curfews, shelter-in-place orders and recommendations to practice social distancing. As our operations have been deemed essential, we have taken several measures to combat the COVID-19 downturn which have resulted in attenuating activity and, in some cases, required temporary closures of certain of our facilities, among other impacts. The duration of these measures is unknown and may be extended, and additional measures may be necessary. Our fiscal first quarter financial results
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do not fully reflect the adverse impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on our business as our business first experienced the impact of the COVID-19 economic slowdown at the end of our first fiscal quarter.

As a result of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, some of our customers have temporarily closed their businesses, limited our access to their businesses or have a decreased demand for our products and services due to a slowdown in the demand for their own products and or services. We believe that we will experience a material decrease in activity in both our Environmental Services and our Oil Business segments during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, but cannot determine the full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our business and operating results at this time. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows is highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted and is dependent on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic and the related length of its impact on the global economy, and any new lease standard, ASC 820. See footnote 12 — Commitmentsinformation that may emerge concerning the COVID-19 outbreak and Contingenciesthe actions to contain it or treat its impact. The continued impact on our business as a result of COVID-19 pandemic could result in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, prospects and the trading prices of our securities in the near-term and beyond 2020.

During the second quarter we have taken several actions to combat the COVID-19 outbreak induced downturn in our business including, but not limited to, the following:

•Implementation of the Company's pandemic response plan;
•Implementation of salary reductions for more information.all levels of management;


•Planned implementation of furlough and workshare programs;

•Suspension of all material, non-essential capital expenditures;
•Suspension of mergers & acquisitions (after the acquisition we closed on March 31, 2020);
•Implementation of a hiring freeze;
•Launched a COVID-19 cleaning service; and
•Moved into a material charge position for our used oil collection service.

In addition to the above actions, we have taken steps to minimize the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and to protect the safety of our employees and customers. Entering this economic downturn, we had a strong balance sheet and were in a net-cash position which we expect will position us to take advantage of some of the opportunities that we believe will be in front of us once we emerge from this challenging time.




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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


General


The following table sets forth certain operating data as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated:
For the First Quarter Ended,
(thousands)March 21,
2020		March 23,
2019
Revenues
Service revenues$63,757  59.4 %$56,366  58.9 %
Product revenues37,722  35.2 %35,858  37.4 %
Rental income5,785  5.4 %3,548  3.7 %
Total revenues$107,264  100.0 %$95,772  100.0 %
Operating expenses
Operating costs$83,250  77.6 %$82,483  86.1 %
Selling, general, and administrative expenses11,522  10.7 %12,396  12.9 %
Depreciation and amortization5,268  4.9 %4,136  4.3 %
Other expense (income) - net272  0.3 %(58) (0.1)%
Operating income (loss)6,952  6.5 %(3,185) (3.3)%
Interest expense – net214  0.2 %230  0.2 %
Income (loss) before income taxes6,738  6.3 %(3,415) (3.6)%
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes1,447  1.3 %(986) (1.0)%
Net income (loss)5,291  4.9 %(2,429) (2.5)%
Income attributable to noncontrolling interest—  — %83  0.1 %
Net income (loss) attributable to Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. common stockholders$5,291  4.9 %$(2,512) (2.6)%
  For the First Quarter Ended,
(thousands) March 23,
2019		 March 24,
2018
       
Revenues      
Service revenues $56,366
58.9 % $54,137
65.1 %
Product revenues 35,858
37.4 % 29,010
34.9 %
Rental income 3,548
3.7 % —
— %
Total revenues $95,772
100.0 % $83,147
100.0 %
Operating expenses      
Operating costs $82,483
86.1 % $68,386
82.2 %
Selling, general, and administrative expenses 12,396
12.9 % 11,022
13.3 %
Depreciation and amortization 4,136
4.3 % 3,643
4.4 %
Other (income) expense - net (58)(0.1)% 389
0.5 %
Operating loss(3,185)(3.3)% (293)(0.4)%
Interest expense – net230
0.2 % 245
0.3 %
Loss before income taxes(3,415)(3.6)% (538)(0.6)%
Benefit from income taxes(986)(1.0)% (436)(0.5)%
Net loss(2,429)(2.5)% (102)(0.1)%
Income attributable to noncontrolling interest83
0.1 % 18
— %
Net loss attributable to Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc. common stockholders$(2,512)(2.6)% $(120)(0.1)%


Revenues


ForRevenue for the first quarter of 2020 was $107.3 million compared to $95.8 million for the same quarter of 2019, an increase of $11.5 million, or 12.0%. The $11.5 million increase in revenue was driven by 16.5% revenue growth in the Environmental Services segment, along with a 1.8% increase in revenue from our Oil Business segment. The increase in revenue was driven mainly by growth in most of our Environmental Services segment product and service lines.

Operating costs

        Operating costs increased $0.8 million, or 0.9%, during the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The increase was mainly due to higher disposal cost from increased volume and fleet repairs, partially offset by lower maintenance and health care costs compared to the year-ago quarter.

We expect that in the future our operating costs in both the Environmental Services and Oil Business segments may increase or decrease depending on our product and service volumes, changes in commodity pricing, along with other factors.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses

        Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased $0.9 million, or 7.1%, from the first quarter of fiscal 2019 to the first quarter of fiscal 2020 mainly driven by lower severance, professional services, and legal fees, partially offset by higher non-management salaries and share-based compensation.

Other expense (income) - net

Other expense (income) - net was $0.3 million of expense for the first quarter of fiscal 2020, compared to a net $0.1 million of other income in the first quarter of 2019.

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Interest expense - net

Interest expense - net for the first quarters of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 was $0.2 million.

Provision for income taxes

The Company's effective tax rate for the first quarter of fiscal 2020 was 21.5% compared to 28.9% in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The rate decrease is principally attributable to the opposing effect on the tax rate from equity compensation in an income quarter as compared to a loss quarter.

Segment Information

The following table presents revenues by reportable segment:
For the First Quarter Ended,Change
(thousands)March 21, 2020March 23, 2019$%
Revenues:
Environmental Services$77,453  $66,496  $10,957  16.5 %
Oil Business29,811  29,276  535  1.8 %
Total$107,264  $95,772  $11,492  12.0 %

In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, Environmental Services revenue increased $12.6by $11.0 million, or 15.2%16.5%, from $83.1$66.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 20182019 to $95.8$77.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. The 16.5% increase in revenue was driven primarily by growth in our field services, parts cleaning, and containerized waste businesses. Our field services business accounted for 8.7 percentage points of the revenue growth for the quarter mainly due a large project that continued from the fourth quarter of 2019. Excluding the field services project, our first quarter revenue growth in the segment was 7.8%.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, Oil Business revenues were up $0.5 million, or 1.8%, to $29.8 million compared to $29.3 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The increase in revenue was driven by growth in most Environmental Services segment product and service lines of business with the strongest growth in our antifreeze, vacuum, and containerized waste businesses. In addition, the Company achieved a 14.0% increase in revenue from our Oil Business segment mainly due to an increase in volumeour selling price of base oil, gallons sold, partially offset by a decrease in our selling price.

Operating costs

Operating costs increased $14.1 million, or 20.6%, from the first quarter of fiscal 2018 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The largest portion of this increase was mainly driven by lower spreads in our Oil Business segment, and higher labor and disposal costs in our Environmental Services segment. Higher labor costs were primarily due to additional resources added as part of our growth initiatives, while higher disposal costs were mainly attributable to the increased operations from sales growth and increased disposal costs as a percentage of revenue in our field services business.

We expect that in the future our operating costs in the Environmental Services business will continue to increase as ourservice volume increases; however, a decrease in crude oil prices could partially offset this cost increase because a decrease in price could cause a decline in the price we pay for parts cleaning solvent and diesel fuel. Likewise, an increase in crude oil prices could cause an increase in the price we pay for parts cleaning solvent and diesel fuel. In the Oil Business segment, our operating costs could increase or decrease in the future depending on changes in the price for crude oil which could indirectly impact our used oil collection costs and processing costs at our re-refinery.







Selling, general, and administrative expenses

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $1.4 million, or 12.5%, from the first quarter of fiscal 2018 to the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The increase in expense was mainly driven by higher professional services fees and retirement costs.

Other expense (income) - net

Other (income) expense - net was $0.1 million of income for the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Other expense (income) - net of $0.4 million of expense for the first quarter of fiscal 2018 was primarily related to $0.3 million of site closure costs for a facility in Wilmington, DE.

Interest expense - net

Net interest expense for the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 was $0.2 million.

Provision for income taxes

The Company's effective tax rate for the first quarter of fiscal 2019 was 28.9% compared to 81.1% in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The rate difference is principally attributable to windfall tax benefits associated with stock compensation having a lesser effect on the tax rate compared to the first quarter of 2018.

Segment Information

The following table presents revenues by reportable segment:
    For the First Quarter Ended, Change
           
(thousands) March 23, 2019 March 24, 2018 $ %
Revenues:        
 Environmental Services $66,496
 $57,476
 $9,020
 15.7%
 Oil Business 29,276
 25,671
 3,605
 14.0%
  Total $95,772
 $83,147
 $12,625
 15.2%
In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, Environmental Services revenue increased by $9.0 million, or 15.7%, from $57.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 to $66.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The 15.7% increase in revenue was driven by growth in all of our product and service lines with the strongest growth in our antifreeze, vacuum, and containerized waste businesses.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, Oil Business revenues were up $3.6 million, or 14.0%, compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The revenue increase was mainly due to a 32.1% increase in volume of base oil gallons sold, partially offset by a decrease in our selling price.sold. During the first quarter of fiscal 2019,2020, we produced 9.410.8 million gallons of base oil at an 86.9%a 95.2% rate of nameplate capacity, compared to 8.19.4 million gallons at a 74.6%86.9% rate of nameplate capacity during the first quarter of fiscal of 2018.2019.


Segment Profit (Loss) Before Corporate Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ("SG&A")


The following table presents profit (loss) by reportable segment before corporate SG&A expense:
For the First Quarter Ended,Change
(thousands)March 21, 2020March 23, 2019$%
Profit (loss) before corporate SG&A*
Environmental Services$18,778  $14,697  $4,081  27.8%
Oil Business910  (4,478) 5,388  (120.3)%
Total$19,688  $10,219  $9,469  92.7%
    For the First Quarter Ended, Change
           
(thousands) March 23, 2019 March 24, 2018 $ %
   
Profit (loss) before corporate SG&A*        
 Environmental Services $14,697
 $13,261
 $1,436
 10.8 %
 Oil Business (4,478) (1,379) (3,099) 224.7 %
 Total $10,219
 $11,882
 $(1,663) (14.0)%


*Includes depreciation and amortization related to operating activity but not depreciation and amortization related to corporate
selling, general, and administrative activity. For further discussion see Note 11 in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this document.


Environmental Services profit before corporate SG&A expense increased $1.4$4.1 million, or 27.8%, in the first quarter of fiscal 20192020 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The $1.4 million increase was2019 driven mainly driven by higher revenue,revenues and lower healthcare expenses, partially offset by a one-time adjustment related to the adoption of a new lease accounting standardhigher disposal, fleet repair, and higher labor and field services disposal costs.depreciation expense.


Oil Business profit before corporate SG&A expense decreased $3.1increased $5.4 million in the first quarter of fiscal 20192020 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2018.2019. The decreaseincrease in profit before corporate SG&A expense was mainly due to lower base oil prices andbetter operating efficiency during the resulting decrease in spread betweenfirst quarter of 2020, while we experienced unscheduled downtime during the pricefirst quarter of base oil and the cost of used oil feedstock and, to a lesser extent, repair costs related to unplanned downtime and the cost of oil collection truck-related insurance claims.2019 which hampered production.

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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Liquidity and Capital Resources


Cash and Cash Equivalents


As of March 23, 201921, 2020 and December 29, 2018,28, 2019, cash and cash equivalents were $42.7$56.9 million and $43.6$60.7 million, respectively. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and funds available to borrow under our term loan and revolving bank credit facility.
        
Debt and Financing Arrangements


The Company's Credit Agreement as amended ("Credit Agreement"), provides for borrowings of up to $95.0 million, subject to the satisfaction of certain terms and conditions, comprised of a term loan of $30.0 million and up to $65.0 million of borrowings under the revolving loan portion. The actual amount available under the revolving loan portion of the Credit Agreement is limited by the Company's total leverage ratio. The amount available to draw at any point in time would be further reduced by any standby letters of credit issued.


Loans made under the Credit Agreement may be Base Rate Loans or LIBOR Rate Loans, at the election of the Company subject to certain exceptions. Base Rate Loans have an interest rate equal to (i) the higher of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%, (b) the London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 1%, or (c) Bank of America's prime rate, plus (ii) a variable margin of between 0.75% and 1.75% depending on the Company's total leverage ratio, calculated on a consolidated basis. LIBOR rate loans have an interest rate equal to (i) the LIBOR rate plus (ii) a variable margin of between 1.75% and 2.75% depending on the Company's total leverage ratio. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of the Company's tangible and intangible assets.


On July 27, 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out the London Interbank Offered Rate by the end of 2021. We expect that widespread use of LIBOR will transition to alternative interest rates in the near future. Since loans made under our Credit Agreement may be based on LIBOR based loans, the phasing out of LIBOR may adversely affect interest rates that could result in higher borrowing costs and higher interest expense. The Company is currently evaluating its options under our Credit Agreement, but at this time we cannot reasonably estimate the impact to our financial statements.

The Credit Agreement contains customary terms and provisions (including representations, covenants, and conditions) for transactions of this type. Certain covenants, among other things, restrict the Company's and its subsidiaries' ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make investments and sell assets. The Credit Agreement contains customary events of default, covenants and representations and warranties. Financial covenants include:


•An interest coverage ratio (based on interest expense and EBITDA) of at least 3.5 to 1.0;


•A total leverage ratio no greater than 3.03.00 to 1.0,1.00, provided that in the event of a permitted acquisition having an aggregate consideration equal to $10.0 million or more, at the Borrower’s election, the total leverage ratio shall be deemed to be 3.25 to 1.00 for the fiscal quarter in which such permitted acquisition occurs and the three immediately following fiscal quarters and thereafter will revert to 3.00 to 1.00;


•A capital expenditures covenant limiting capital expenditures to $100.0 million plus, if the capital expenditures permitted have been fully utilized, an additional amount for the remaining term of the Agreement equal to 35% of EBITDA for the thirteen “four-week” periods most recently ended immediately prior to the full utilization of such $100.0 million basket.


As of March 23, 201921, 2020 and December 29, 2018,28, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under theits Credit Agreement. As of March 23, 201921, 2020 and December 29, 2018,28, 2019, the Company had $1.2$1.7 million and $1.3$1.1 million of standby letters of credit issued, respectively, and $63.8$63.3 million and $63.7$63.9 million was available for borrowing under the bank credit facility, respectively. The actual amount available underWe believe that the revolving loan portioncarrying value of the Credit Agreement is limited by the Company's total leverage ratio.our debt balance at March 21, 2020 approximates fair value.


The Company's weighted average interest rate for all debt as of March 23, 201921, 2020, and December 29, 2018 was 4.5% and 3.4%, respectively. As of March 23, 2019 the Company had $30.0 million outstanding under the term loan,was 3.7% and no amount outstanding under the revolving credit facility.4.5%, respectively.


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We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, available borrowings, and other sources of financings will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. We cannot assure you that this will be the case or that our assumptions regarding revenues and expenses underlying this belief will be accurate. If, in the future, we require more liquidity than is available to us under our credit facility, we may need to raise additional funds through debt or equity offerings. Adequate funds may not be available when needed or may not be available on terms favorable to us. If additional funds are raised by issuing equity securities, dilution to existing stockholders may result. If we raise additional funds by obtaining loans from third parties, the terms of those financing arrangements may include negative


covenants or other restrictions on our business that could impair our operational flexibility, and would also require us to fund additional interest expense. If funding is insufficient at any time in the future, we may be unable to develop or enhance our products or services, take advantage of business opportunities, or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
        
Summary of Cash Flow Activity
For the First Quarter Ended,
(thousands)March 21,
2020		March 23,
2019
Net cash provided by (used in):  
Operating activities$10,266  $9,178  
Investing activities(9,842) (9,552) 
Financing activities(4,180) (513) 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents$(3,756) $(887) 
  For the First Quarter Ended,
(thousands) March 23,
2019		 March 24,
2018
Net cash provided by (used in):    
Operating activities $9,178
 $(537)
Investing activities (9,552) (3,513)
Financing activities (513) (282)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents $(887) $(4,332)


The most significant items affecting the comparison of our operating activities for the first quarter of fiscal 20192020 and the first quarter of fiscal 20182019 are summarized below:


Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities —


•Earnings — Our decreaseincrease in net income during the first quarter of 2019 negatively2020 favorably impacted our net cash provided by operating activities by $2.3$7.8 million compared to the first quarter of 2018.
2019.


Inventory•Accounts Payable — In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the The decrease in inventory favorably affectedaccounts payable, had an unfavorable impact on cash flows fromprovided by operating activities by $7.5 million compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2018 driven mainly by lower carrying value of inventory.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities —
Capital expenditures — We used $7.6 million and $3.6 million for capital expenditures during the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and the first quarter of fiscal 2018, respectively. During the first quarter of 2019, we purchased $2.4 million on vehicles and $0.4 million on IT related projects in our Environmental Services segment. Additionally we spent approximately $1.0 million for purchases of parts cleaning machines compared to $1.2$6.6 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. In our Oil Business segment, during the first quarter of fiscal 2019, we spent $0.9 million for capital improvements to the re-refinery, compared to $0.8 million on the re-refinery during the first quarter of 2018. The remaining $2.9 million of2020.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities —

•Capital expenditures — We made capital expenditures as follows:

For the Fiscal Years Ended,
(thousands)March 21,
2020		March 23,
2019
Re-refinery capital improvements$3.1  $0.9  
Parts cleaning machines1.41.0
Trucks and trailers0.22.4
IT projects0.10.4
Various other projects5.12.9
Total$9.9  $7.6  


• Net Cash Used in Financing Activities — The Company dispersed $2.8 million to acquire the first quarterremaining ownership interest in one of fiscal 2019 was for various items compared to approximately $1.6 million spent in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 for other projects.our subsidiaries.
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Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired  — We used $2.0 million of cash outflows for acquisitions during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. See footnote 3  — Business Combinations for more information. We did not make any acquisitions during the first quarter of fiscal 2018.




ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK


We are exposed to interest rate risks primarily through borrowings under our bank Credit Facility. Interest on this facility is based upon variable interest rates. Our weighted average borrowings under our Credit Facility during the first quarter of fiscal 20192020 was $30.0 million, and the annual effective interest rate for the Credit Facility for the first quarter of fiscal 20192020 was 4.5%3.7%. WeWe currently do not hedge against interest rate risk. Based on the foregoing, a hypothetical 1% increase or decrease in interest rates would have resulted in a change of $0.1$0.3 million to our interest expense in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.2020.
ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES


The Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding financial disclosures.


Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting


There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter ended March 23, 201921, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting except for new controls added from the adoption of ASU 2016-02 – Leases (Topic 842). The Company has implemented new lease accounting software and other control activities to evaluate and account for lease contracts under the new accounting standard.reporting.


















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PART II
ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

No change since the filing of our 10-K on March 6, 2019.3, 2020.









ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS1A. RISK FACTORS



DuringThere have been no changes in the first quarterrisk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2019, in connection with the vestingexception of restricted stock awards held by certain employees, the Company purchased sharesrisk factor mentioned below.

Pandemics, epidemics or other disease outbreaks may negatively impact our business operations, financial condition, liquidity, and consolidated results of its common stock from those employeesoperations.

A widespread outbreak of disease, can adversely affect the operation of our customers' businesses which could lead to a significant decline in demand for our products and services and our customers' ability to pay us for the sole purposesproducts and services we have provided to them. A pandemic could also have significant negative impact on the operation of satisfyingour vendors' and suppliers' businesses and effect their ability to provide us the minimum tax withholding obligations uponproducts and services we rely on to conduct our business and provide products and services to our customers. A widespread outbreak could potentially result in the vestinginfection of the company's employees and diminish our ability to operate our business, service our customers or produce and sell our products. These potential negative impacts to our business could negatively impact our financial results and thereby reduce our borrowing capacity which could limit our ability to operate our business. These situations can also lead to a portiongeneral downturn in the equity markets which could negatively impact the value of certain restricted stock awards grantedthe company's shares as well as increase the cost to the employees bycompany to raise equity capital. Any and all of the Company. No shares were repurchased in the open market.above situations could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial results of operations, and cash flows.


The following table shows the Company's stock repurchase activity during the first quarter ended March 23, 2019:




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Period 
Total Number of Shares Purchased(a)
 Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 2019 26,248
 $23.01
 —
 —
February 2019 1,867
 $24.97
 —
 —

(a) Shares withheld for income tax liabilities.


ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS


31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101.INS*XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*In accordance with Regulation S-T, the XBRL-related information in Exhibits 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall be deemed to be "furnished" and not "filed."

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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
  
HERITAGE-CRYSTAL CLEAN, INC.


Date:April 29, 2020By:/s/ Mark DeVita
Date:May 2, 2019By:/s/ Mark DeVita
Mark DeVita
Chief Financial Officer



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