UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
   
 FORM 10-Q 
   
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 20172018
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
 Commission file number 001-35968 
   
MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
   
Iowa42-1206172
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
102 South Clinton Street
Iowa City, IA 52240
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
319-356-5800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
   
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes    ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    ☒  Yes    ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer☐  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company
   Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ☐  Yes    ☒  No


As of August 1, 2017July 31, 2018, there were 12,218,52812,221,107 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share, outstanding.
     

MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
Form 10-Q Quarterly Report
Table of Contents
    Page No.
PART I    
     
Item 1.  
     
   
     
   
     
   
     
   
     
   
     
   
     
Item 2.  
     
Item 3.  
     
Item 4.  
     
Part II    
     
Item 1.  
     
Item 1A.  
     
Item 2.  
     
Item 3.  
     
Item 4.  
     
Item 5.  
     
Item 6.  
     
   



PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.   Financial Statements.


MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)(unaudited)  
(dollars in thousands)(unaudited)  
ASSETS      
Cash and due from banks$46,234
 $41,464
$41,547
 $44,818
Interest-bearing deposits in banks3,164
 1,764
Interest-earning deposits in banks1,717
 5,474
Federal funds sold
 680
Cash and cash equivalents49,398
 43,228
43,264
 50,972
Investment securities:      
Available for sale442,958
 477,518
Held to maturity (fair value of $183,296 as of June 30, 2017 and $164,792 as of December 31, 2016)182,478
 168,392
Equity securities, at fair value2,809
 2,336
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value438,312
 445,324
Debt securities held to maturity (fair value of $188,407 as of June 30, 2018 and $194,343 as of December 31, 2017)192,896
 195,619
Loans held for sale1,636
 4,241
1,528
 856
Loans2,197,503
 2,165,143
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income2,364,035
 2,286,695
Allowance for loan losses(22,510) (21,850)(30,800) (28,059)
Net loans2,174,993
 2,143,293
Loans held for investment, net2,333,235
 2,258,636
Premises and equipment, net74,711
 75,043
78,106
 75,969
Accrued interest receivable12,606
 13,871
Interest receivable13,636
 14,732
Goodwill64,654
 64,654
64,654
 64,654
Other intangible assets, net13,518
 15,171
10,925
 12,046
Bank-owned life insurance47,877
 47,231
60,209
 59,831
Other real estate owned1,486
 2,097
676
 2,010
Deferred income taxes5,482
 6,523
Deferred income taxes, net9,014
 6,525
Other assets19,248
 18,313
27,013
 22,761
Total assets$3,091,045
 $3,079,575
$3,276,277
 $3,212,271
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY      
Deposits:      
Non-interest-bearing demand$476,031
 $494,586
$469,862
 $461,969
Interest-bearing checking1,131,151
 1,136,282
1,183,384
 1,228,112
Savings203,967
 197,698
216,866
 213,430
Certificates of deposit under $100,000325,847
 326,832
341,584
 324,681
Certificates of deposit $100,000 and over356,713
 325,050
392,505
 377,127
Total deposits2,493,709
 2,480,448
2,604,201
 2,605,319
Federal funds purchased45,319
 35,684
52,421
 1,000
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase60,182
 82,187
75,046
 96,229
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings90,000
 115,000
143,000
 115,000
Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts23,743
 23,692
23,841
 23,793
Long-term debt15,000
 17,500
10,000
 12,500
Deferred compensation liability5,224
 5,180
5,267
 5,199
Accrued interest payable1,551
 1,472
Interest payable1,744
 1,428
Other liabilities13,445
 12,956
14,556
 11,499
Total liabilities2,748,173
 2,774,119
2,930,076
 2,871,967
Shareholders' equity:      
Preferred stock, no par value; authorized 500,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016$
 $
Common stock, $1.00 par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares at June 30, 2017 and 15,000,000 shares at December 31, 2016; issued 12,463,481 shares at June 30, 2017 and 11,713,481 shares at December 31, 2016; outstanding 12,218,528 shares at June 30, 2017 and 11,436,360 shares at December 31, 201612,463
 11,713
Preferred stock, no par value; authorized 500,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017$
 $
Common stock, $1.00 par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; issued 12,463,481 shares at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; outstanding 12,221,107 shares at June 30, 2018 and 12,219,611 shares at December 31, 201712,463
 12,463
Additional paid-in capital187,062
 163,667
187,304
 187,486
Treasury stock at cost, 244,953 shares as of June 30, 2017 and 277,121 shares as of December 31, 2016(5,141) (5,766)
Treasury stock at cost, 242,374 shares as of June 30, 2018 and 243,870 shares as of December 31, 2017(5,474) (5,121)
Retained earnings147,015
 136,975
159,315
 148,078
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)1,473
 (1,133)(7,407) (2,602)
Total shareholders' equity342,872
 305,456
346,201
 340,304
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$3,091,045
 $3,079,575
$3,276,277
 $3,212,271
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONSINCOME
 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
 June 30, June 30,
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Interest income:                
Interest and fees on loans $25,650
 $24,635
 $49,929
 $49,751
Interest on bank deposits 26
 70
 31
 78
Interest on federal funds sold 1
 1
 1
 1
Interest on investment securities:        
Loans $27,486
 $25,650
 $54,053
 $49,929
Bank deposits 18
 26
 26
 31
Federal funds sold 1
 1
 1
 1
Taxable securities 2,590
 1,912
 5,308
 3,836
 2,940
 2,590
 5,828
 5,308
Tax-exempt securities 1,587
 1,420
 3,152
 2,857
 1,528
 1,587
 3,057
 3,152
Total interest income 29,854
 28,038
 58,421
 56,523
 31,973
 29,854
 62,965
 58,421
Interest expense:                
Interest on deposits:                
Interest-bearing checking 912
 776
 1,710
 1,536
 1,291
 912
 2,376
 1,710
Savings 51
 60
 102
 166
 63
 51
 126
 102
Certificates of deposit under $100,000 886
 719
 1,745
 1,288
 1,134
 886
 2,129
 1,745
Certificates of deposit $100,000 and over 995
 719
 1,912
 1,358
 1,521
 995
 2,914
 1,912
Total interest expense on deposits 2,844
 2,274
 5,469
 4,348
 4,009
 2,844
 7,545
 5,469
Interest on federal funds purchased 25
 
 71
 25
Interest on securities sold under agreements to repurchase 34
 32
 72
 85
Interest on Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings 404
 467
 847
 918
Interest on other borrowings 3
 6
 6
 12
Interest on junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts 240
 196
 461
 393
Interest on long-term debt 113
 123
 223
 247
Federal funds purchased 211
 25
 336
 71
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 144
 34
 278
 72
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings 615
 404
 1,132
 847
Other borrowings 4
 3
 6
 6
Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts 307
 240
 565
 461
Long-term debt 102
 113
 209
 223
Total interest expense 3,663
 3,098
 7,149
 6,028
 5,392
 3,663
 10,071
 7,149
Net interest income 26,191
 24,940
 51,272
 50,495
 26,581
 26,191
 52,894
 51,272
Provision for loan losses 1,240
 1,171
 2,281
 2,236
 1,250
 1,240
 3,100
 2,281
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 24,951
 23,769
 48,991
 48,259
 25,331
 24,951
 49,794
 48,991
Noninterest income:                
Trust, investment, and insurance fees 1,528
 1,440
 3,140
 2,938
 1,537
 1,528
 3,177
 3,140
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts 1,257
 1,283
 2,540
 2,541
 1,158
 1,257
 2,326
 2,540
Loan origination and servicing fees 718
 855
 1,520
 1,474
 906
 718
 1,847
 1,520
Other service charges and fees 1,497
 1,378
 2,955
 2,808
 1,582
 1,497
 2,962
 2,955
Bank-owned life insurance income 318
 332
 646
 716
 397
 318
 830
 646
Gain on sale or call of available for sale securities 20
 223
 20
 467
Gain on sale of held to maturity securities 
 
 43
 
Gain on sale or call of debt securities available for sale 
 20
 9
 20
Gain (loss) on sale or call of debt securities held to maturity (4) 
 (4) 43
Gain (loss) on sale of premises and equipment 8
 (40) 6
 (251) (17) 8
 (18) 6
Other gain 37
 124
 50
 1,307
Other gain (loss) (72) 37
 30
 50
Total noninterest income 5,383
 5,595
 10,920
 12,000
 5,487
 5,383
 11,159
 10,920
Noninterest expense:                
Salaries and employee benefits 11,789
 13,321
 23,673
 25,966
 12,225
 11,789
 24,596
 23,673
Net occupancy and equipment expense 3,033
 3,326
 6,337
 6,577
Occupancy and equipment, net 3,238
 3,033
 6,489
 6,337
Professional fees 1,036
 1,221
 2,058
 2,167
 959
 1,036
 1,753
 2,058
Data processing expense 548
 809
 1,259
 3,382
FDIC insurance expense 352
 398
 719
 819
Amortization of intangible assets 804
 1,015
 1,653
 2,076
Other operating expense 2,402
 2,725
 4,600
 5,274
Data processing 691
 548
 1,379
 1,259
FDIC insurance 392
 352
 711
 719
Amortization of intangibles 589
 804
 1,246
 1,653
Other 2,437
 2,402
 4,715
 4,600
Total noninterest expense 19,964
 22,815
 40,299
 46,261
 20,531
 19,964
 40,889
 40,299
Income before income tax expense 10,370
 6,549
 19,612
 13,998
 10,287
 10,370
 20,064
 19,612
Income tax expense 3,136
 1,794
 5,665
 3,699
 2,131
 3,136
 4,115
 5,665
Net income $7,234
 $4,755
 $13,947
 $10,299
 $8,156
 $7,234
 $15,949
 $13,947
Share and per share information:        
Ending number of shares outstanding 12,218,528
 11,435,860
 12,218,528
 11,435,860
Average number of shares outstanding 12,200,689
 11,431,252
 11,855,108
 11,424,122
Diluted average number of shares 12,219,238
 11,453,831
 11,878,315
 11,448,677
Per share information:        
Earnings per common share - basic $0.59
 $0.42
 $1.18
 $0.90
 $0.67
 $0.59
 $1.31
 $1.18
Earnings per common share - diluted 0.59
 0.42
 1.17
 0.90
 0.67
 0.59
 1.30
 1.17
Dividends paid per common share 0.165
 0.16
 0.33
 0.32
 0.195
 0.165
 0.390
 0.330
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
Net income $7,234
 $4,755
 $13,947
 $10,299
         
Other comprehensive income, available for sale securities:        
Unrealized holding gains arising during period 2,745
 891
 4,312
 3,869
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (20) (223) (20) (467)
Income tax expense (1,070) (389) (1,686) (1,405)
Other comprehensive income on available for sale securities 1,655
 279
 2,606
 1,997
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 1,655
 279
 2,606
 1,997
Comprehensive income $8,889
 $5,034
 $16,553
 $12,296
  Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
  June 30, June 30,
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net income $8,156
 $7,234
 $15,949
 $13,947
         
Other comprehensive income, available for sale debt securities:        
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period (1,628) 2,745
 (6,416) 4,312
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income 
 (20) (9) (20)
Income tax (expense) benefit 425
 (1,070) 1,677
 (1,686)
Other comprehensive income (loss) on available for sale debt securities (1,203) 1,655
 (4,748) 2,606
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (1,203) 1,655
 (4,748) 2,606
Comprehensive income $6,953
 $8,889
 $11,201
 $16,553
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY


(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Preferred
Stock
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Total 
Preferred
Stock
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Total
Balance at December 31, 2015 $

$11,713

$163,487

$(6,331)
$123,901

$3,408

$296,178
Net income 







10,299



10,299
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.32 per share) 
 
 
 
 (3,657) 

(3,657)
Stock options exercised (2,900 shares) 
 
 (22) 60
 
 
 38
Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs (25,633 shares) 
 
 (520) 495
 
 

(25)
Stock compensation 
 
 365
 
 
 


365
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 
 
 
 
 
 1,997
 1,997
Balance at June 30, 2016 $
 $11,713
 $163,310
 $(5,776) $130,543
 $5,405

$305,195
Balance at December 31, 2016 $
 $11,713
 $163,667
 $(5,766) $136,975
 $(1,133) $305,456
 $

$11,713

$163,667

$(5,766)
$136,975

$(1,133)
$305,456
Net income 
 
 
 
 13,947
 
 13,947
 







13,947



13,947
Issuance of common stock (750,000 shares), net of expenses of $1,328,000 
 750
 23,610
 
 
 
 24,360
Issuance of common stock (750,000 shares), net of expenses of $1,328 
 750
 23,610
 
 
 
 24,360
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.33 per share) 
 
 
 
 (3,907) 
 (3,907) 
 
 
 
 (3,907) 

(3,907)
Stock options exercised (8,250 shares) 
 
 (81) 172
 
 
 91
 
 
 (81) 172
 
 
 91
Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs (26,875 shares) 
 
 (560) 453
 
 
 (107) 
 
 (560) 453
 
 

(107)
Stock compensation 
 
 426
 
 
 
 426
 
 
 426
 
 
 



426
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 
 
 
 
 
 2,606
 2,606
 
 
 
 
 
 2,606
 2,606
Balance at June 30, 2017 $
 $12,463
 $187,062
 $(5,141) $147,015
 $1,473
 $342,872
 $
 $12,463
 $187,062
 $(5,141) $147,015
 $1,473

$342,872
Balance at December 31, 2017 $
 $12,463
 $187,486
 $(5,121) $148,078
 $(2,602) $340,304
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles(1)
 
 
 
 
 57
 (57) 
Net income 
 
 
 
 15,949
 
 15,949
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.39 per share) 
 
 
 
 (4,769) 
 (4,769)
Stock options exercised (9,700 shares) 
 
 (69) 204
 
 
 135
Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs (28,525 shares) 
 
 (609) 525
 
 
 (84)
Repurchase of common stock (33,998 shares) 
 
 
 (1,082) 
 
 (1,082)
Stock compensation 
 
 496
 
 
 
 496
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax 
 
 
 
 
 (4,748) (4,748)
Balance at June 30, 2018 $
 $12,463
 $187,304
 $(5,474) $159,315
 $(7,407) $346,201
(1) Impact from adoption on January 1, 2018 of ASU 2016-01, 'Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.”
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(unaudited) (dollars in thousands)Six Months Ended June 30,2018 2017
2017 2016
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income$13,947
 $10,299
$15,949
 $13,947
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Provision for loan losses2,281
 2,236
3,100
 2,281
Depreciation of premises and equipment2,058
 2,297
2,105
 2,058
Amortization of other intangibles1,653
 2,076
1,246
 1,653
Amortization of premiums and discounts on investment securities, net650
 916
492
 650
(Gain) loss on sale of premises and equipment(6) 251
18
 (6)
Deferred income taxes(554) (468)(803) (554)
Excess tax benefit from share-based award activity(91) (13)
 (91)
Stock-based compensation426
 365
496
 426
Net gain on sale or call of available for sale securities(20) (467)
Net gain on sale or call of held to maturity securities(43) 
Net losses on equity securities23
 
Net gain on sale or call of debt securities available for sale(9) (20)
Net (gain) loss on sale or call of debt securities held to maturity4
 (43)
Net gain on sale of other real estate owned(30) (601)(50) (30)
Net gain on sale of loans held for sale(799) (993)(802) (799)
Writedown of other real estate owned23
 
5
 23
Origination of loans held for sale(41,284) (47,588)(30,140) (41,284)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale44,688
 46,720
30,270
 44,688
Decrease in accrued interest receivable1,265
 1,565
Decrease in interest receivable1,096
 1,265
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance(646) (716)(830) (646)
(Increase) decrease in other assets(935) 342
Decrease in other assets(4,252) (935)
Increase in deferred compensation liability44
 58
68
 44
Increase in accrued interest payable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities568
 3,973
Increase in interest payable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities3,373
 568
Net cash provided by operating activities23,195
 20,252
21,359
 23,195
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities9,999
 23,384
Proceeds from maturities and calls of available for sale securities41,162
 51,873
Purchases of available for sale securities(12,841) (15,818)
Proceeds from sales of held to maturity securities1,153
 
Proceeds from maturities and calls of held to maturity securities2,998
 9,259
Purchase of held to maturity securities(18,292) (16,821)
Purchases of equity securities(505) (2)
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale496
 9,999
Proceeds from maturities and calls of debt securities available for sale30,942
 41,162
Purchases of debt securities available for sale(31,194) (12,839)
Proceeds from sales of debt securities held to maturity
 1,153
Proceeds from maturities and calls of debt securities held to maturity3,132
 2,998
Purchase of debt securities held to maturity(553) (18,292)
Net increase in loans(34,188) (17,610)(78,203) (34,188)
Purchases of premises and equipment(1,697) (3,964)(4,212) (1,697)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned825
 6,252
1,883
 825
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment28
 1,233

 28
Proceeds of principal and earnings from bank-owned life insurance
 430
452
 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(10,853) 38,218
Payments to acquire intangible assets(125) 
Net cash used in investing activities(77,887) (10,853)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Net increase in deposits13,261
 40
Increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased9,635
 (1,500)
Net increase (decrease) in deposits(1,118) 13,261
Increase in federal funds purchased51,421
 9,635
Decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase(22,005) (7,005)(21,183) (22,005)
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings50,000
 30,000
85,000
 50,000
Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings(75,000) (10,000)(57,000) (75,000)
Proceeds from stock options exercised1
 38
135
 1
Excess tax benefit from share-based award activity91
 13

 91
Taxes paid relating to net share settlement of equity awards(108) (38)(84) (108)
Payments on long-term debt(2,500) (2,500)(2,500) (2,500)
Dividends paid(3,907) (3,657)(4,769) (3,907)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock25,688
 

 25,688
Payment of stock issuance costs(1,328) 

 (1,328)
Repurchase of common stock(1,082) 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(6,172) 5,391
48,820
 (6,172)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents6,170
 63,861
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(7,708) 6,170
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period43,228
 47,097
50,972
 43,228
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$49,398
 $110,958
$43,264
 $49,398

(unaudited) (dollars in thousands)Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:      
Cash paid during the period for interest$7,070
 $5,915
$9,755
 $7,070
Cash paid during the period for income taxes$5,975
 $4,225
$1,710
 $5,975
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities:      
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned$207
 $960
$504
 $207
Transfer due to adoption of ASU 2016-01, equity securities fair value adjustment, reclassification from AOCI to Retained Earnings, net of tax$57
 $
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)


1.    Principles of Consolidation and Presentation
MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. (the “Company,” which is also referred to herein as “we,” “our” or “us”) is an Iowa corporation incorporated in 1983, a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and a financial holding company under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999. Our principal executive offices are located at 102 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, Iowa 52240.
The Company owns all of the common stock of MidWestOne Bank, an Iowa state non-member bank chartered in 1934 with its main office in Iowa City, Iowa (the “Bank”), and all of the common stock of MidWestOne Insurance Services, Inc., Oskaloosa, Iowa. We operate primarily through MidWestOne Bank, our bank subsidiary, and MidWestOne Insurance Services, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary that operates an insurance agency business through six offices located in central and east-central Iowa.
On May 1, 2015, the Company completed its merger with Central Bancshares, Inc. (“Central”), pursuant to which Central was merged with and into the Company. In connection with the merger, Central Bank, a Minnesota-chartered commercial bank and wholly-owned subsidiary of Central, became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. On April 1, 2016, Central Bank merged with and into MidWestOne Bank.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all the information and notes necessary for complete financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is written with the presumption that the users of the interim financial statements have read or have access to the most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 1, 2018, which contains the latest audited financial statements and notes thereto, together with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations as of December 31, 20162017 and for the year then ended. Management believes that the disclosures in this Form 10-Q are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017,, and the results of operations and cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 20162017. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect: (1) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (2) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and (3) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available to management at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 may not be indicative of results for the year ending December 31, 2017,2018, or for any other period.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting," on January 1, 2017. The Company elected to account for forfeitures when they occur and recognize them in compensation cost at that time. There was no effect due to this accounting policy election on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The Company adopted ASU 2017-08, “Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities” during the second quarter of 2017. Since the Company was already amortizing premiums on callable investment securities between the date of purchase and the first call date, there was no cumulative effect adjustment necessary to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
All significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the quarterly financial statements are disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017.
In the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in banks, and federal funds sold.
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods’ consolidated financial statements to present them on a basis comparable with the current period’s consolidated financial statements.


2.    Effect of New Financial Accounting Standards
Accounting Guidance Adopted in 2018
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contract with Customers (Topic 606). Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2014-09, the FASB issued targeted updates to clarify specific implementation issues including ASU No. 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” ASU No. 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” ASU No. 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients,” and ASU No. 2016-20 “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” For financial reporting purposes, the standard allows for either full retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all of the periods presented, or modified retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application. Since the guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other GAAP, the new guidance did not have a material impact on revenue most closely associated with financial instruments, including interest income and expense. The Company completed its overall assessment of revenue streams and review of related contracts potentially affected by the ASU, including trust

2.    Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock: The numberand asset management fees, service charges on deposit accounts, sales of authorized shares of preferred stock forother real estate, and debit card interchange fees. Based on this assessment, the Company is 500,000. As of June 30, 2017, none were issued or outstanding.
Common Stock: As of June 30, 2017,concluded that ASU 2014-09 did not materially change the number of authorized shares of common stock formethod in which the Company currently recognizes revenue for these revenue streams. The Company also completed its evaluation of certain costs related to these revenue streams to determine whether such costs should be presented as expenses or contra-revenue (i.e., gross versus net). Based on its evaluation, the Company determined that ASU 2014-09 also did not materially change the method in which the Company currently recognizes costs for these revenue streams. The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective transition method. Since there was 30,000,000. Atno net income impact upon adoption of the Company’s 2017 annual meetingnew guidance, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary. See Note 14 “Revenue Recognition” for more information.

In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of shareholders,Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The guidance in this update makes changes to the Company’s shareholders approved an increasecurrent GAAP model primarily affect the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In addition, the FASB clarified guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. The accounting for other financial instruments, such as loans, investments in debt securities, and financial liabilities is largely unchanged. The treatment of gains and losses for all equity securities, including those without a readily determinable market value, is expected to result in additional volatility in the numberincome statement, with the loss of authorized sharesmark to market via equity for these investments. Additionally, changes in the allowable method for determining the fair value of common stockfinancial instruments in the financial statement footnotes (“exit price” only) require changes to 30,000,000, which became effectivecurrent methodologies of determining these values, and how they are disclosed in the financial statement footnotes. The new standard applies to public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this update on April 21, 2017. AsJanuary 1, 2018. With the elimination of June 30,the classification of available for sale equity securities, the net unrealized gain or loss on these securities that had been included in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2017,, 12,218,528 shares were outstanding.
On March 17, 2017, in the amount of $57,000, has been transferred to retained earnings, as shown in the Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity. Changes in the fair value of equity securities with readily determinable fair values are now reflected in the noninterest income portion of the Consolidated Statements of Income, in the other gains (losses) line item. In accordance with the ASU requirements, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement to offer and sell, through an underwriter, up to 750,000 newly issued shares ofmeasured the Company’s common stock, $1.00 parfair value per share, at a public purchase price of $34.25 per share. This included 250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock granted as a 30-day option to purchase to cover over-allotments, if any. On April 6, 2017, the underwriter purchased the full amount of its over-allotment option of 250,000 shares.
On July 21, 2016, the board of directors of the Company approved a share repurchase program, allowing for the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of stock through December 31, 2018. During the second quarter of 2017 the Company repurchased no common stock. Of the $5.0 million of stock authorized under the repurchase plan, $5.0 million remained available for possible future repurchasesloan portfolio as of June 30, 2017.2018 using an exit price notion. See Note 13. “Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements” to our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at June 30, 2018
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The guidance in this update is meant to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The core principle of Topic 842 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. All leases create an asset and a liability for the lessee in accordance with FASB Concepts Statement No. 6, Elements of Financial Statements, and, therefore, recognition of those lease assets and lease liabilities represents an improvement over previous GAAP, which did not require lease assets and lease liabilities to be recognized for most leases. Disclosures are required by lessees and lessors to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. To meet that objective, qualitative disclosures along with specific quantitative disclosures are required. The new standard applies to public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company has several lease agreements, such as branch locations, which are currently considered operating leases, and therefore not recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company expects the new guidance will require these lease agreements to now be recognized on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use assets and a corresponding lease liability. However, the Company continues to evaluate the extent of the potential impact the new guidance will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the availability of outside vendor products to assist in the implementation, and does not expect to early adopt the standard.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The amendment requires the use of a new model covering current expected credit losses (CECL), which will apply to: (1) financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, and (2) certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. Upon initial recognition of the exposure, the CECL model requires an entity to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). The estimate of expected credit losses (ECL) should consider historical information, current information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts,

including estimates of prepayments. The new guidance also amends the current available for sale (AFS) security other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) model for debt securities. The new model will require an estimate of ECL only when the fair value is below the amortized cost of the asset. The length of time the fair value of an AFS debt security has been below the amortized cost will no longer impact the determination of whether a credit loss exists. As such, it is no longer an other-than-temporary model. Finally, the purchased financial assets with credit deterioration (PCD) model applies to purchased financial assets (measured at amortized cost or AFS) that have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. This represents a change from the scope of what are considered purchased credit-impaired assets under today’s model. Different than the accounting for originated or purchased assets that do not qualify as PCD, the initial estimate of expected credit losses for a PCD would be recognized through an allowance for loan and lease losses with an offset to the cost basis of the related financial asset at acquisition. The new standard applies to public business entities that are SEC filers in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and is expected to increase the allowance for loan losses upon adoption. The Company has formed a working group to evaluate the impact of the standard’s adoption on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and has completed viewing demonstrations of the capabilities of outside vendor software systems, and is currently evaluating the ability of these systems to meet the processing necessary to support the data collection, retention, and disclosure requirements of the Company in implementation of the new standard.

3.    Earnings per Share
Basic per-share amounts are computed by dividing net income (the numerator) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator). Diluted per-share amounts assume issuance of all common stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of other securities, unless the effect is to reduce the loss or increase the income per common share from continuing operations.
The following table presents the computation of earnings per common share for the respective periods:
   Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) 2017 2016 2017 2016
 Basic earnings per common share computation        
 Numerator:        
 Net income $7,234
 $4,755
 $13,947
 $10,299
 Denominator:        
 Weighted average shares outstanding 12,200,689
 11,431,252
 11,855,108
 11,424,122
 Basic earnings per common share $0.59
 $0.42
 $1.18
 $0.90
          
 Diluted earnings per common share computation        
 Numerator:        
 Net income $7,234
 $4,755
 $13,947
 $10,299
 Denominator:        
 Weighted average shares outstanding, including all dilutive potential shares 12,219,238
 11,453,831
 11,878,315
 11,448,677
 Diluted earnings per common share $0.59
 $0.42
 $1.17
 $0.90


4.    Investment Securities
The amortized cost and fair value of investmentdebt securities available for sale, with gross unrealized gains and losses, arewere as follows:
  As of June 30, 2017
  
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 (in thousands)       
 U.S. Government agencies and corporations$5,768
 $10
 $
 $5,778
 State and political subdivisions147,392
 4,474
 27
 151,839
 Mortgage-backed securities53,654
 490
 29
 54,115
 Collateralized mortgage obligations167,130
 118
 2,858
 164,390
 Corporate debt securities64,331
 326
 155
 64,502
 Total debt securities438,275
 5,418
 3,069
 440,624
 Other equity securities2,263
 101
 30
 2,334
 Total$440,538
 $5,519
 $3,099
 $442,958
  As of June 30, 2018
 (in thousands)
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 U.S. Government agencies and corporations$5,594
 $
 $51
 $5,543
 State and political subdivisions140,935
 1,321
 541
 141,715
 Mortgage-backed securities55,864
 128
 1,622
 54,370
 Collateralized mortgage obligations179,862
 7
 7,859
 172,010
 Corporate debt securities66,080
 17
 1,423
 64,674
 Total$448,335
 $1,473
 $11,496
 $438,312
  As of December 31, 2017
 (in thousands)
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 U.S. Government agencies and corporations$15,716
 $
 $90
 $15,626
 State and political subdivisions139,561
 2,475
 197
 141,839
 Mortgage-backed securities48,744
 181
 428
 48,497
 Collateralized mortgage obligations173,339
 29
 5,172
 168,196
 Corporate debt securities71,562
 31
 427
 71,166
 Total$448,922
 $2,716
 $6,314
 $445,324
  As of December 31, 2016
  
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 (in thousands)       
 U.S. Government agencies and corporations$5,895
 $10
 $
 $5,905
 State and political subdivisions162,145
 3,545
 418
 165,272
 Mortgage-backed securities61,606
 315
 567
 61,354
 Collateralized mortgage obligations175,506
 148
 4,387
 171,267
 Corporate debt securities72,979
 76
 602
 72,453
 Total debt securities478,131
 4,094
 5,974
 476,251
 Other equity securities1,259
 66
 58
 1,267
 Total$479,390
 $4,160
 $6,032
 $477,518

 
The amortized cost and fair value of investmentdebt securities held to maturity, with gross unrealized gains and losses, arewere as follows:
  As of June 30, 2018
 (in thousands)
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 State and political subdivisions$125,948
 $289
 $3,063
 $123,174
 Mortgage-backed securities11,586
 2
 472
 11,116
 Collateralized mortgage obligations20,243
 
 1,020
 19,223
 Corporate debt securities35,119
 264
 489
 34,894
 Total$192,896
 $555
 $5,044
 $188,407
  As of June 30, 2017
  
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 (in thousands)       
 State and political subdivisions$121,162
 $1,577
 $657
 $122,082
 Mortgage-backed securities2,202
 7
 5
 2,204
 Collateralized mortgage obligations24,076
 3
 357
 23,722
 Corporate debt securities35,038
 601
 351
 35,288
 Total$182,478
 $2,188
 $1,370
 $183,296

 
  As of December 31, 2016
  
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 (in thousands)       
 State and political subdivisions$107,941
 $156
 $2,713
 $105,384
 Mortgage-backed securities2,398
 5
 34
 2,369
 Collateralized mortgage obligations26,036
 
 598
 25,438
 Corporate debt securities32,017
 149
 565
 31,601
 Total$168,392
 $310
 $3,910
 $164,792

  As of December 31, 2017
 (in thousands)
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 U.S. Government agencies and corporations$10,049
 $
 $
 $10,049
 State and political subdivisions126,413
 804
 1,631
 125,586
 Mortgage-backed securities1,906
 4
 13
 1,897
 Collateralized mortgage obligations22,115
 
 707
 21,408
 Corporate debt securities35,136
 548
 281
 35,403
 Total$195,619
 $1,356
 $2,632
 $194,343

Investment securities with a carrying value of $172.0$235.2 million and $212.1$237.4 million at June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017, respectively, were pledged on public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes, as required or permitted by law.
As of June 30, 2018, the Company owned $0.4 million of equity securities in banks and financial service-related companies, and $2.4 million of mutual funds invested in debt securities and other debt instruments that will cause units of the fund to be deemed to be qualified under the Community Reinvestment Act. Prior to January 1, 2018, we accounted for our marketable equity securities at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income on the balance sheet. Realized gains and losses on marketable equity securities sold or impaired were recognized in noninterest income. Effective with the January 1, 2018 adoption of ASU 2016-01, both the realized and unrealized net gains and losses on equity securities are required to be recognized in the statement of income. A breakdown between net realized and unrealized gains and losses is provided later in this financial statement footnote. These net changes are included in the other gains line item in the noninterest income section of the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The summary of investment securities shows that some of the securities in the available for sale and held to maturity investment portfolios had unrealized losses, or were temporarily impaired, as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017. This temporary impairment represents the estimated amount of loss that would be realized if the securities were sold on the valuation date. 
The following tables present information pertaining to securities with gross unrealized losses as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position:
    As of June 30, 2018
  
Number
of
Securities
 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
 Available for Sale 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 (in thousands, except number of securities)             
 U.S. Government agencies and corporations2
 $5,543
 $51
 $
 $
 $5,543
 $51
 State and political subdivisions73
 35,538
 471
 2,757
 70
 38,295
 541
 Mortgage-backed securities27
 53,518
 1,447
 6,176
 175
 59,694
 1,622
 Collateralized mortgage obligations43
 46,904
 958
 120,274
 6,901
 167,178
 7,859
 Corporate debt securities12
 54,441
 1,183
 8,440
 240
 62,881
 1,423
 Total157
 $195,944
 $4,110
 $137,647
 $7,386
 $333,591
 $11,496


    As of December 31, 2017
  
Number
of
Securities
 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
   
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 (in thousands, except number of securities)             
 U.S. Government agencies and corporations3
 $15,626
 $90
 $
 $
 $15,626
 $90
 State and political subdivisions34
 11,705
 167
 1,800
 30
 13,505
 197
 Mortgage-backed securities20
 37,964
 359
 3,961
 69
 41,925
 428
 Collateralized mortgage obligations35
 37,881
 489
 122,757
 4,683
 160,638
 5,172
 Corporate debt securities12
 55,340
 298
 8,778
 129
 64,118
 427
 Other equity securities1
 
 
 1,944
 56
 1,944
 56
 Total105
 $158,516
 $1,403
 $139,240
 $4,967
 $297,756
 $6,370

    As of June 30, 2017
  
Number
of
Securities
 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
 Available for Sale 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 (in thousands, except number of securities)             
 State and political subdivisions11
 $9,175
 $24
 $451
 $3
 $9,626
 $27
 Mortgage-backed securities11
 11,495
 28
 23
 1
 11,518
 29
 Collateralized mortgage obligations29
 112,364
 1,857
 27,948
 1,001
 140,312
 2,858
 Corporate debt securities4
 18,769
 155
 
 
 18,769
 155
 Other equity securities1
 
 
 1,970
 30
 1,970
 30
 Total56
 $151,803
 $2,064
 $30,392
 $1,035
 $182,195
 $3,099
    As of June 30, 2018
  
Number
of
Securities
 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
 Held to Maturity 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 (in thousands, except number of securities)             
 State and political subdivisions224
 $49,218
 $1,135
 $27,690
 $1,928
 $76,908
 $3,063
 Mortgage-backed securities6
 10,203
 438
 841
 34
 11,044
 472
 Collateralized mortgage obligations7
 4,690
 187
 14,520
 833
 19,210
 1,020
 Corporate debt securities7
 12,882
 318
 2,724
 171
 15,606
 489
 Total244
 $76,993
 $2,078
 $45,775
 $2,966
 $122,768
 $5,044
    As of December 31, 2017
  
Number
of
Securities
 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
   
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 (in thousands, except number of securities)             
 State and political subdivisions167
 $33,237
 $393
 $25,843
 $1,238
 $59,080
 $1,631
 Mortgage-backed securities4
 349
 2
 887
 11
 1,236
 13
 Collateralized mortgage obligations7
 5,221
 90
 16,168
 617
 21,389
 707
 Corporate debt securities3
 3,093
 4
 2,617
 277
 5,710
 281
 Total181
 $41,900
 $489
 $45,515
 $2,143
 $87,415
 $2,632
    As of December 31, 2016
  
Number
of
Securities
 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
   
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 (in thousands, except number of securities)             
 State and political subdivisions63
 $24,574
 $389
 $427
 $29
 $25,001
 $418
 Mortgage-backed securities20
  40,752
  566
  23
  1
  40,775
  567
 Collateralized mortgage obligations29
 140,698
 3,544
 16,776
 843
 157,474
 4,387
 Corporate debt securities11
 54,891
 602
 
 
 54,891
 602
 Other equity securities1
 
 
 942
 58
 942
 58
 Total124
 $260,915
 $5,101
 $18,168
 $931
 $279,083
 $6,032
    As of June 30, 2017
  
Number
of
Securities
 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
 Held to Maturity 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 (in thousands, except number of securities)             
 State and political subdivisions77
 $29,935
 $581
 $1,943
 $76
 $31,878
 $657
 Mortgage-backed securities3
 1,155
 5
 
 
 1,155
 5
 Collateralized mortgage obligations6
 11,787
 220
 6,105
 137
 17,892
 357
 Corporate debt securities4
 3,416
 4
 2,544
 347
 5,960
 351
 Total90
 $46,293
 $810
 $10,592
 $560
 $56,885
 $1,370
    As of December 31, 2016
  
Number
of
Securities
 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
   
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 (in thousands, except number of securities)             
 State and political subdivisions180
 $65,174
 $2,713
 $
 $
 $65,174
 $2,713
 Mortgage-backed securities5
 2,246
 34
 
 
  2,246
  34
 Collateralized mortgage obligations7
 18,964
 369
 6,435
 229
 25,399
 598
 Corporate debt securities11
 19,198
 187
 2,512
 378
 21,710
 565
 Total203
 $105,582
 $3,303
 $8,947
 $607
 $114,529
 $3,910


The Company's assessment of other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI")OTTI is based on its reasonable judgment of the specific facts and circumstances impacting each individual debt security at the time such assessments are made. The Company reviews and considers factual information, including expected cash flows, the structure of the debt security, the creditworthiness of the issuer, the type of underlying assets and the current and anticipated market conditions.

At June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Company’s mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations portfolios consisted of securities predominantly backed by one- to four-family mortgage loans and underwritten to the standards of and guaranteed by the following government-sponsored agencies: the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Federal National Mortgage Association, and the Government National Mortgage Association. The receipt of principal, at par, and interest on mortgage-backed securities is guaranteed by the respective government-sponsored agency guarantor, such that the Company believes that its mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations do not expose the Company to credit-related losses.
At June 30, 2017,2018, approximately 56%55% of the municipal bonds held by the Company were Iowa-based, and approximately 21%22% were Minnesota-based. The Company does not intend to sell these municipal obligations, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell them until the recovery of their cost. Due to the issuers’ continued satisfaction of their obligations under the securities in accordance with their contractual terms and the expectation that they will continue to do so, management’s intent and ability to hold these securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value, as well as the evaluation of the fundamentals of the issuers’ financial conditions

and other objective evidence, the Company believed that the municipal obligations identified in the tables above were temporarily impaired as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016.2017.
At June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, all but one of the Company’s corporate bonds held an investment grade rating from Moody’s, S&P or Kroll, or carried a guarantee from an agency of the US government. We have evaluated  financial statements of the company issuing the non-investment grade bond and found the company’s earnings and equity position to be satisfactory and in line with industry norms. Therefore, we believe the low market value of this investment is temporary and expect to receive all contractual payments. The internal evaluation of the non-investment grade bond along with the investment grade ratings on the remainder of the corporate portfolio lead us to conclude that all of the corporate bonds in our portfolio will continue to pay according to their contractual terms. Since the Company has the ability and intent to hold securities until price recovery, we believe that there is no other-than-temporary-impairment in the corporate bond portfolio.
As of June 30, 2017, the Company also owned $0.4 million of equity securities in banks and financial service-related companies, and $2.0 million of mutual funds invested in debt securities and other debt instruments that will cause units of the fund to be deemed to be qualified under the Community Reinvestment Act. Equity securities are considered to have OTTI whenever they have been in a loss position, compared to current book value, for twelve consecutive months, and the Company does not expect them to recover to their original cost basis. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and the full year of 2016, no impairment charges were recorded, as the affected equity securities were not deemed impaired due to stabilized market prices in relation to the Company’s original purchase price.
During the first quarter of 2017 as part of the Company’s annual review and analysis of municipal investments, $1.2 million of municipal bonds from a single issuer in the held to maturity portfolio, which did not carry a credit rating from one of the major statistical rating agencies, were identified as having an elevated level of credit risk. While the instruments were currently making payments as agreed, certain financial trends were identified that provided material doubt as to the ability of the entity to continue to service the debt in the future. The investment securities were classified as “watch,” and the Company’s asset and liability management committee were notified of the situation. In early March 2017 the Company learned of a potential buyer for the investments and a bid to purchase was received and accepted. Investment securities designated as held to maturity may generally not be sold without calling into question the Company’s stated intention to hold other debt securities to maturity in the future (“tainting”), unless certain conditions are met that provide for an exception to accounting policy. One of these exceptions, as outlined under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 320-10-25-6(a), allows for the sale of an investment that is classified as held to maturity due to significant deterioration of the issuer’s creditworthiness. Since the bonds had been internally classified as “watch” due to credit deterioration, the Company believes that the sale was in accordance with the allowable provisions of ASC 320-10-25-6(a), and as such, does not “taint” the remainder of the held to maturity portfolio. A small gain was realized on the sale.
It is reasonably possible that the fair values of the Company’s investment securities could decline in the future if interest rates increase or the overall economy or the financial conditions of the issuers deteriorate. As a result, there is a risk that OTTI may be recognized in the future, and any such amounts could be material to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.income.

Unless certain conditions are met, investment securities classified as held to maturity may not be sold without calling into question the Company’s intent to hold other debt securities so classified (“tainting”). One acceptable condition, outlined in Accounting Standards Codification 320-10-25-6(a), is the significant deterioration of an issuer’s creditworthiness. During the first quarter of 2017, $1.2 million of debt securities from a single issuer in the state and political subdivisions category were identified by the Company as having an elevated level of credit risk and were internally classified as “watch.” Given the significant deterioration of the issuer’s creditworthiness, the Company sold the debt securities in March 2017. The Company believes the sale was in accordance with applicable accounting guidance and did not taint the remainder of the held to maturity portfolio.
The contractual maturity distribution of investment debt securities at June 30, 20172018, is summarized as follows:
  Available For Sale Held to Maturity
 (in thousands)
Amortized
Cost
 Fair Value 
Amortized
Cost
 Fair Value
 Due in one year or less$39,542
 $39,518
 $520
 $521
 Due after one year through five years107,415
 106,371
 23,357
 23,016
 Due after five years through ten years62,298
 62,685
 94,804
 93,529
 Due after ten years3,354
 3,358
 42,386
 41,002
 Debt securities without a single maturity date235,726
 226,380
 31,829
 30,339
 Total$448,335
 $438,312
 $192,896
 $188,407

  Available For Sale Held to Maturity
  
Amortized
Cost
 Fair Value 
Amortized
Cost
 Fair Value
 (in thousands)       
 Due in one year or less$12,458
 $12,566
 $2,385
 $2,385
 Due after one year through five years121,620
 123,272
 18,752
 18,941
 Due after five years through ten years75,303
 78,015
 79,287
 80,684
 Due after ten years8,110
 8,266
 55,776
 55,360
 Debt securities without a single maturity date220,784
 218,505
 26,278
 25,926
 Total$438,275
 $440,624
 $182,478
 $183,296
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are collateralized by mortgage loans and guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Our experience has indicated that principal payments will be collected sooner than scheduled because of prepayments. Therefore, these securities are not scheduled in the maturity categories indicated above. Equity securities available for sale with an amortized cost of $2.3 million and a fair value of $2.3 million are also excluded from this table.
Proceeds from the sales of investment securities available for sale during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 were $10.0 million and $23.4 million, respectively.
Realized gains and losses on sales are determined on the basis of specific identification of investments based on the trade date. Gross realizedRealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity available forinvestments due to sale investment securitiesor call, including impairment losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 20162017, were $20,000as follows:
  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 (in thousands)2018 2017 2018 2017
 Debt securities available for sale:       
 Gross realized gains$
 $20
 9
 20
 Gross realized gain$
 $20
 $9
 $20
 Debt securities held to maturity:       
 Gross realized gains$
 $
 $
 $43
 Gross realized losses(4) 
 (4) 
 Gross realized gain (loss)$(4) $
 $(4) $43

The following tables present the net gains and $467,000, respectfully, while grosslosses on equity investments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, disaggregated into realized and unrealized gains on fixed maturity held to maturity investment securities were $43,000 and zero, respectfully.  losses:

  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 (in thousands)2018 2018
 Net losses recognized$(7) $(23)
 Less: Net gains and losses recognized due to sales
 
 Unrealized losses on securities still held at the reporting date$(7) $(23)


5.4.    Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Loan Losses
The composition of allowance for loan losses and loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method are as follows:
  Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loan Receivables
  As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017
 (in thousands)Agricultural Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Total
 June 30, 2018           
 Allowance for loan losses:           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$287
 $3,093
 $3,950
 $163
 $
 $7,493
 Collectively evaluated for impairment2,369
 5,464
 12,053
 2,353
 256
 22,495
 Purchased credit impaired loans
 
 338
 474
 
 812
 Total$2,656
 $8,557
 $16,341
 $2,990
 $256
 $30,800
 Loans receivable           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$8,056
 $12,865
 $20,477
 $3,756
 $
 $45,154
 Collectively evaluated for impairment95,373
 499,438
 1,209,911
 459,045
 36,936
 2,300,703
 Purchased credit impaired loans
 54
 13,506
 4,618
 
 18,178
 Total$103,429
 $512,357
 $1,243,894
 $467,419
 $36,936
 $2,364,035
  Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loan Receivables
  As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016
 (in thousands)Agricultural Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Total
 June 30, 2017           
 Allowance for loan losses:           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$400
 $2,125
 $697
 $236
 $
 $3,458
 Collectively evaluated for impairment2,266
 5,834
 7,969
 1,958
 222
 18,249
 Purchased credit impaired loans
 
 347
 456
 
 803
 Total$2,666
 $7,959
 $9,013
 $2,650
 $222
 $22,510
 Loans receivable           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$3,044
 $11,700
 $16,697
 $3,752
 $
 $35,193
 Collectively evaluated for impairment104,607
 473,896
 1,052,889
 474,273
 34,666
 2,140,331
 Purchased credit impaired loans
 41
 15,977
 5,961
 
 21,979
 Total$107,651
 $485,637
 $1,085,563
 $483,986
 $34,666
 $2,197,503

 (in thousands)Agricultural Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Total
 December 31, 2017           
 Allowance for loan losses:           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$140
 $1,126
 $2,157
 $226
 $
 $3,649
 Collectively evaluated for impairment2,650
 7,392
 11,144
 2,182
 244
 23,612
 Purchased credit impaired loans
 
 336
 462
 
 798
 Total$2,790
 $8,518
 $13,637
 $2,870
 $244
 $28,059
 Loans receivable           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$2,969
 $9,734
 $10,386
 $3,722
 $
 $26,811
 Collectively evaluated for impairment102,543
 493,844
 1,147,133
 460,475
 36,158
 2,240,153
 Purchased credit impaired loans
 46
 14,452
 5,233
 
 19,731
 Total$105,512
 $503,624
 $1,171,971
 $469,430
 $36,158
 $2,286,695
 (in thousands)Agricultural Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Total
 December 31, 2016           
 Allowance for loan losses:           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$62
 $2,066
 $1,924
 $299
 $
 $4,351
 Collectively evaluated for impairment1,941
 4,199
 7,692
 2,791
 255
 16,878
 Purchased credit impaired loans
 9
 244
 368
 
 621
 Total$2,003
 $6,274
 $9,860
 $3,458
 $255
 $21,850
 Loans receivable           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$5,339
 $11,434
 $11,450
 $3,955
 $
 $32,178
 Collectively evaluated for impairment108,004
 449,380
 1,036,049
 480,143
 36,591
 2,110,167
 Purchased credit impaired loans
 156
 16,744
 5,898
 
 22,798
 Total$113,343
 $460,970
 $1,064,243
 $489,996
 $36,591
 $2,165,143

Included above as of June 30, 2017, are loans with a contractual balance of $27.6 million and a recorded balance of $27.2 million, which are covered under loss sharing agreements with the FDIC. The agreements cover certain losses and expenses and expire at various dates through October 7, 2021. The related FDIC indemnification asset is reported separately in Note 7. “Other Assets.” The FDIC loss sharing agreement was terminated on July 14, 2017, at which time the loans were reclassified to non-covered assets (see Note 15. “Subsequent Events”).
As of June 30, 2017,2018, the gross purchased credit impaired loans included above were $24.5$19.3 million, with a discount of $2.6$1.1 million.
Loans with unpaid principal in the amount of $485.0$476.8 million and $498.3$477.6 million at June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017, respectively, were pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank (the “FHLB”) as collateral for borrowings.

The changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment were as follows:
             
  Allowance for Loan Loss Activity
  For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017
 (in thousands)Agricultural Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Total
 2018           
 Beginning balance$3,153
 $8,362
 $14,997
 $2,877
 $282
 $29,671
 Charge-offs(268) (3) 
 (3) (17) (291)
 Recoveries9
 103
 40
 15
 3
 170
 Provision(238) 95
 1,304
 101
 (12) 1,250
 Ending balance$2,656
 $8,557
 $16,341
 $2,990
 $256
 $30,800
 2017           
 Beginning balance$2,460
 $6,021
 $9,751
 $3,764
 $221
 $22,217
 Charge-offs(347) (464) (45) (52) (135) (1,043)
 Recoveries4
 83
 5
 
 4
 96
 Provision549
 2,319
 (698) (1,062) 132
 1,240
 Ending balance$2,666
 $7,959
 $9,013
 $2,650
 $222
 $22,510
               
  Allowance for Loan Loss Activity
  For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
 (in thousands)Agricultural Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Unallocated Total
 2017             
 Beginning balance$2,460
 $6,021
 $9,751
 $3,764
 $221
 $
 $22,217
 Charge-offs(347) (464) (45) (52) (135) 
 (1,043)
 Recoveries4
 83
 5
 
 4
 
 96
 Provision549
 2,319
 (698) (1,062) 132
 
 1,240
 Ending balance$2,666
 $7,959
 $9,013
 $2,650
 $222
 $
 $22,510
 2016             
 Beginning balance$2,235
 $4,680
 $9,713
 $3,429
 $188
 $
 $20,245
 Charge-offs
 
 (1) (354) (77) 
 (432)
 Recoveries1
 60
 127
 13
 12
 
 213
 Provision118
 645
 789
 (625) 244
 
 1,171
 Ending balance$2,354
 $5,385
 $10,628
 $2,463
 $367
 $
 $21,197

             
  Allowance for Loan Loss Activity
  For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017
 (in thousands)Agricultural Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Total
 2018           
 Beginning balance$2,790
 $8,518
 $13,637
 $2,870
 $244
 $28,059
 Charge-offs(268) (90) (264) (107) (38) (767)
 Recoveries15
 182
 116
 77
 18
 408
 Provision119
 (53) 2,852
 150
 32
 3,100
 Ending balance$2,656
 $8,557
 $16,341
 $2,990
 $256
 $30,800
 2017           
 Beginning balance$2,003
 $6,274
 $9,860
 $3,458
 $255
 $21,850
 Charge-offs(884) (529) (106) (80) (160) (1,759)
 Recoveries14
 102
 15
 
 7
 138
 Provision1,533
 2,112
 (756) (728) 120
 2,281
 Ending balance$2,666
 $7,959
 $9,013
 $2,650
 $222
 $22,510
               
  Allowance for Loan Loss Activity
  For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
 (in thousands)Agricultural Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Unallocated Total
 2017             
 Beginning balance$2,003
 $6,274
 $9,860
 $3,458
 $255
 $
 $21,850
 Charge-offs(884) (529) (106) (80) (160) 
 (1,759)
 Recoveries14
 102
 15
 
 7
 
 138
 Provision1,533
 2,112
 (756) (728) 120
 
 2,281
 Ending balance$2,666
 $7,959
 $9,013
 $2,650
 $222
 $
 $22,510
 2016             
 Beginning balance$1,417
 $5,451
 $8,556
 $3,968
 $409
 $(374) $19,427
 Charge-offs(125) (10) (41) (513) (127) 
 (816)
 Recoveries7
 72
 180
 77
 14
 
 350
 Provision1,055
 (128) 1,933
 (1,069) 71
 374
 2,236
 Ending balance$2,354
 $5,385
 $10,628
 $2,463
 $367
 $
 $21,197

Loan Portfolio Segment Risk Characteristics
Agricultural - Agricultural loans, most of which are secured by crops, livestock, and machinery, are provided to finance capital improvements and farm operations as well as acquisitions of livestock and machinery. The ability of the borrower to repay may be affected by many factors outside of the borrower’s control including adverse weather conditions, loss of livestock due to disease or other factors, declines in market prices for agricultural products and the impact of government regulations. The ultimate repayment of agricultural loans is dependent upon the profitable operation or management of the agricultural entity. Collateral for these loans generally includes accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and real estate. However, depending on the overall financial condition of the borrower, some loans are made on an unsecured basis. The collateral securing these loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business.
Commercial and Industrial - Commercial and industrial loans are primarily made based on the reported cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The collateral support provided by the borrower for most of these loans and the probability of repayment are based on the liquidation of the pledged collateral

and enforcement of a personal guarantee, if any exists. The primary repayment risks of commercial and industrial loans are that the cash flows of the borrower may be unpredictable, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. The size of the loans the Company can offer to commercial customers is less than the size of the loans that competitors with larger lending limits can offer. This may limit the Company’s ability to establish relationships with the largest businesses in the areas in which the Company operates. As a result, the Company may assume greater lending risks than financial institutions that have a lesser concentration of such loans and tend to make loans to larger businesses. Collateral for these loans generally includes accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and real estate. However, depending on the overall financial condition of the borrower, some loans are made on an unsecured basis. The collateral securing these loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. In addition, a decline in the U.S. economy could harm or continue to harm the businesses of the Company’s commercial and industrial customers and reduce the value of the collateral securing these loans.

Commercial Real Estate - The Company offers mortgage loans to commercial and agricultural customers for the acquisition of real estate used in their businesses, such as offices, warehouses and production facilities, and to real estate investors for the acquisition of apartment buildings, retail centers, office buildings and other commercial buildings. The market value of real estate securing commercial real estate loans can fluctuate significantly in a short period of time as a result of market conditions in the geographic area in which the real estate is located. Adverse developments affecting real estate values in one or more of the Company’s markets could increase the credit risk associated with its loan portfolio. Additionally, real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts than other loans, and the repayment of the loans generally is dependent, in large part, on sufficient income from the properties securing the loans to cover operating expenses and debt service. Economic events or governmental regulations outside of the Company’s control or that of the borrower could negatively impact the future cash flow and market values of the affected properties.
Residential Real Estate - The Company generally retains short-term residential mortgage loans that are originated for its own portfolio but sells most long-term loans to other parties while retaining servicing rights on the majority of those loans. The market value of real estate securing residential real estate loans can fluctuate as a result of market conditions in the geographic area in which the real estate is located. Adverse developments affecting real estate values in one or more of the Company’s markets could increase the credit risk associated with its loan portfolio. Additionally, real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts than other loans, and the repayment of the loans generally is dependent, in large part, on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and is therefore more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances.
Consumer - Consumer loans typically have shorter terms, lower balances, higher yields and higher risks of default than real estate-related loans. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and are therefore more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances. Collateral for these loans generally includes automobiles, boats, recreational vehicles, mobile homes, and real estate. However, depending on the overall financial condition of the borrower, some loans are made on an unsecured basis. The collateral securing these loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to recover and may fluctuate in value based on condition. In addition, a decline in the United States economy could result in reduced employment, impacting the ability of customers to repay their obligations.
Purchased Loans Policy
All purchased loans (nonimpaired and impaired) are initially measured at fair value as of the acquisition date in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance. Credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value. An allowance for loan losses is not recorded at the acquisition date for loans purchased.
Individual loans acquired through the completion of a transfer, including loans that have evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable, are referred to herein as “purchased credit impaired loans.” In determining the acquisition date fair value and estimated credit losses of purchased credit impaired loans, and in subsequent accounting, the Company accounts for loans individually. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition, or the “nonaccretable difference,” are not recognized as a yield adjustment or as a loss accrual or valuation allowance. Expected cash flows at the purchase date in excess of the fair value of loans, if any, are recorded as interest income over the expected life of the loans if the timing and amount of future cash flows are reasonably estimable. Subsequent to the purchase date, increases in cash flows over those expected at the purchase date are recognized as interest income prospectively. The present value of any decreases in expected cash flows after the purchase date is recognized by recording an allowance for loan losses and a provision for loan losses. If the Company does not have the information necessary to reasonably estimate cash flows to be expected, it may use the cost-recovery method or cash-basis method of income recognition.

Charge-off Policy
The Company requires a loan to be charged-off, in whole or in part, as soon as it becomes apparent that some loss will be incurred, or when its collectability is sufficiently questionable that it no longer is considered a bankable asset. The primary considerations when determining if and how much of a loan should be charged-off are as follows: (1) the potential for future cash flows; (2) the value of any collateral; and (3) the strength of any co-makers or guarantors.
When it is determined that a loan requires a partial or full charge-off, a request for approval of a charge-off is submitted to the Company's President, Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer, and the Senior Regional Loan officer. The Bank's board of directors formally approves all loan charge-offs. Once a loan is charged-off, it cannot be restructured and returned to the Company's books.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The Company requires the maintenance of an adequate allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) in order to cover estimated probable losses without eroding the Company’s capital base. Calculations are done at each quarter end, or more frequently if warranted, to analyze the collectability of loans and to ensure the adequacy of the allowance. In line with FDIC directives, the ALLL calculation does not include consideration of loans held for sale or off-balance-sheet credit exposures (such as unfunded letters of credit). Determining the appropriate level for the ALLL relies on the informed judgment of management, and as such, is subject to inexactness. Given the inherently imprecise nature of calculating the necessary ALLL, the Company’s policy permits the actual ALLL to be between 20% above and 5% below the “indicated reserve.”
As part of the merger between MidWestOne Bank and Central Bank, management developed a single methodology for determining the amount of the ALLL that would be needed at the combined bank. The new methodology is a hybrid of the methods used at MidWestOne Bank and Central Bank prior to the bank merger, and the results from the new ALLL model are consistent with the results that the two banks calculated individually. The refined allowance calculation allocates the portion of allowance that was previously deemed to be unallocated to instead be included in management’s determination of appropriate qualitative factors.
Loans Reviewed Individually for Impairment
The Company identifies loans to be reviewed and evaluated individually for impairment based on current information and events and the probability that the borrower will be unable to repay all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Specific areas of consideration include: size of credit exposure, risk rating, delinquency, nonaccrual status, and loan classification.
The level of individual impairment is measured using one of the following methods: (1) the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell; (2) the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate; or (3) the loan's observable market price. Loans that are deemed fully collateralized or have been charged down to a level corresponding with any of the three measurements require no assignment of reserves from the ALLL.
A loan modification is a change in an existing loan contract that has been agreed to by the borrower and the Bank, which may or may not be a troubled debt restructure or “TDR.” All loans deemed TDR are considered impaired. A loan is considered a TDR when, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, a concession is granted to the borrower that would not otherwise be considered. Both financial distress on the part of the borrower and the Bank’s granting of a concession, which are detailed further below, must be present in order for the loan to be considered a TDR.
All of the following factors are indicators that the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties (one or more items may be present):
The debtor is currently in default on any of its debt.
The debtor has declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy.
There is significant doubt as to whether the debtor will continue to be a going concern.
Currently, the debtor has securities being held as collateral that have been delisted, are in the process of being delisted, or are under threat of being delisted from an exchange.
Based on estimates and projections that only encompass the current business capabilities, the debtor forecasts that its entity-specific cash flows will be insufficient to service the debt (both interest and principal) in accordance with the contractual terms of the existing agreement through maturity.
Absent the current modification, the debtor cannot obtain funds from sources other than the existing creditors at an effective interest rate equal to the current market interest rate for similar debt for a non-troubled debtor.

The following factors are potential indicators that a concession has been granted (one or multiple items may be present):
The borrower receives a reduction of the stated interest rate for the remaining original life of the debt.
The borrower receives an extension of the maturity date or dates at a stated interest rate lower that the current market interest rate for new debt with similar risk characteristics.
The borrower receives a reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as stated in the instrument or other agreement.
The borrower receives a deferral of required payments (principal and/or interest).
The borrower receives a reduction of the accrued interest.

The following table sets forth information on the Company’s TDRs by class of loan occurring during the stated periods:
  Three Months Ended June 30,
  2018 2017
  Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 (dollars in thousands)           
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings(1):
           
 Commercial real estate:           
 Farmland           
 Extended maturity date1
 $86
 $86
 2
 $176
 $176
 Commercial real estate-other           
 Other
 
 
 1
 10,546
 10,923
 Total1
 $86
 $86
 3
 $10,722
 $11,099
             
  Three Months Ended June 30,
  2017 2016
  Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 (dollars in thousands)           
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings(1):
           
 Commercial real estate:           
 Farmland           
 Extended maturity date2
 $176
 $176
 
 $
 $
 Commercial real estate-other           
 Other1
 10,546
 10,923
 
 
 
 Total3
 $10,722
 $11,099
 
 $
 $
             

             
  Six Months Ended June 30,
  2018 2017
 (dollars in thousands)Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings(1):
           
 Commercial and industrial           
 Extended maturity date
 $
 $
 6
 $2,037
 $2,083
 Commercial real estate:           
 Farmland           
 Extended maturity date1
 86
 86
 2
 176
 176
 Commercial real estate-other           
 Extended maturity date
 
 
 1
 968
 968
 Other
 
 
 1
 10,546
 10,923
 Total1
 $86
 $86
 10
 $13,727
 $14,150
             
  Six Months Ended June 30,
  2017 2016
  Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 (dollars in thousands)           
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings(1):
           
 Agricultural           
 Extended maturity date
 $
 $
 1
 $25
 $25
 Commercial and industrial           
 Extended maturity date6
 2,037
 2,083
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate:           
 Farmland           
 Extended maturity date2
 176
 176
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other           
 Extended maturity date1
 968
 968
 
 
 
 Other1
 10,546
 10,923
 
 
 
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens           
 Interest rate reduction
 
 
 1
 104
 104
 One- to four- family junior liens           
 Interest rate reduction
 
 
 1
 71
 71
 Total10
 $13,727
 $14,150
 3
 $200
 $200

(1) TDRs may include multiple concessions, and the disclosure classifications are based on the primary concession provided to the borrower.
Loans by class modified as TDRs within 12 months of modification and for which there was a payment default during the stated periods were as follows:
  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2018 2017 2018 2017
 (dollars in thousands)Number of Contracts Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Recorded Investment
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings(1) That Subsequently Defaulted:
               
 Commercial and industrial               
 Extended maturity date
 $
 1
 $550
 
 $
 4
 $1,504
 Commercial real estate:               
 Commercial real estate-other               
 Extended maturity date
 
 1
 968
 1
 2,657
 1
 968
 Total
 $
 2
 $1,518
 1
 $2,657
 5
 $2,472
  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
  Number of Contracts Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Recorded Investment
 (dollars in thousands)               
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings(1) That Subsequently Defaulted:
               
 Commercial and industrial               
 Extended maturity date1
 $550
 
 $
 4
 $1,504
 
 $
 Commercial real estate:               
 Commercial real estate-other               
 Extended maturity date1
 968
 
 
 1
 968
 
 
 Total2
 $1,518
 
 $
 5
 $2,472
 
 $

(1) TDRs may include multiple concessions, and the disclosure classifications are based on the primary concession provided to the borrower.

Loans Reviewed Collectively for Impairment
All loans not evaluated individually for impairment will be separated into homogeneous pools to be collectively evaluated. Loans will be first grouped into the various loan types (i.e. commercial, agricultural, consumer, etc.) and further segmented within each subset by risk classification (i.e. pass, special mention/watch, and substandard). Homogeneous loans past due 60-89 days and 90 days and overor more are classified special mention/watch and substandard, respectively, for allocation purposes.
The Company’s historical loss experience for each group segmented by loan type is calculated for the prior 20 quarters as a starting point for estimating losses. In addition, other prevailing qualitative or environmental factors likely to cause

probable losses to vary from historical data are incorporated in the form of adjustments to increase or decrease the loss rate applied to each group. These adjustments are documented and fully explain how the current information, events, circumstances, and conditions impact the historical loss measurement assumptions.
Although not a comprehensive list, the following are considered key factors and are evaluated with each calculation of the ALLL to determine if adjustments to historical loss rates are warranted:
Changes in national and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various market segments.
Changes in the quality and experience of lending staff and management.
Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses.
Changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, classified loans and non-performing loans.
The existence and potential impact of any concentrations of credit.
Changes in the nature and terms of loans such as growth rates and utilization rates.
Changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans, considering the Company’s disposition bias.
The effect of other external factors such as the legal and regulatory environment.
The Company may also consider other qualitative factors for additional allowance allocations, including changes in the Company’s loan review process. Changes in the criteria used in this evaluation or the availability of new information could cause the allowance to be increased or decreased in future periods. In addition, bank regulatory agencies, as part of their examination process, may require adjustments to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments and estimates.
The items listed above are used to determine the pass percentage for loans evaluated under ASC 450, and as such, are applied to the loans risk rated pass. Due to the inherent risks associated with special mention/watch risk-rated loans (i.e. early stages of financial deterioration, technical exceptions, etc.), this subset is reserved at a level that will cover losses above a pass allocation for loans that had a loss in the last 20 quarters in which the loan was risk-rated special mention/watch at the time of the loss. Substandard loans carry greater risk than special mention/watch loans, and as such, this subset is reserved at a level that will cover losses above a pass allocation for loans that had a loss in the last 20 quarters in which the loan was risk-rated substandard at the time of the loss. Ongoing analysis will beis performed to support these factor multiples.

The following tables set forth the risk category of loans by class of loans and credit quality indicator based on the most recent analysis performed, as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016:2017:
 (in thousands)Pass Special Mention/ Watch Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
 June 30, 2018           
 Agricultural$76,987
 $17,723
 $8,719
 $
 $
 $103,429
 Commercial and industrial473,717
 21,118
 17,517
 5
 
 512,357
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development203,880
 1,216
 1,173
 
 
 206,269
 Farmland70,237
 8,514
 10,010
 
 
 88,761
 Multifamily127,072
 1,406
 1,181
 
 
 129,659
 Commercial real estate-other754,866
 45,300
 19,039
 
 
 819,205
 Total commercial real estate1,156,055
 56,436
 31,403
 
 
 1,243,894
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens340,610
 3,104
 6,567
 
 
 350,281
 One- to four- family junior liens115,160
 706
 1,272
 
 
 117,138
 Total residential real estate455,770
 3,810
 7,839
 
 
 467,419
 Consumer36,772
 133
 3
 28
 
 36,936
 Total$2,199,301
 $99,220
 $65,481
 $33
 $
 $2,364,035

  Pass Special Mention/ Watch Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
 (in thousands)           
 June 30, 2017           
 Agricultural$84,851
 $21,111
 $1,689
 $
 $
 $107,651
 
Commercial and industrial(1)
443,739
 25,041
 16,849
 8
 
 485,637
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development132,112
 1,230
 2,387
 
 
 135,729
 Farmland79,096
 10,192
 562
 
 
 89,850
 Multifamily135,222
 1,792
 492
 
 
 137,506
 Commercial real estate-other668,602
 25,464
 28,412
 
 
 722,478
 Total commercial real estate1,015,032
 38,678
 31,853
 
 
 1,085,563
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens356,547
 3,025
 10,757
 
 
 370,329
 One- to four- family junior liens110,606
 1,145
 1,906
 
 
 113,657
 Total residential real estate467,153
 4,170
 12,663
 
 
 483,986
 Consumer34,538
 
 94
 34
 
 34,666
 Total$2,045,313
 $89,000
 $63,148
 $42
 $
 $2,197,503

 (in thousands)Pass Special Mention/ Watch Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
 December 31, 2017           
 Agricultural$80,377
 $21,989
 $3,146
 $
 $
 $105,512
 Commercial and industrial453,363
 23,153
 27,102
 6
 
 503,624
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development162,968
 1,061
 1,247
 
 
 165,276
 Farmland76,740
 10,357
 771
 
 
 87,868
 Multifamily131,507
 2,498
 501
 
 
 134,506
 Commercial real estate-other731,231
 34,056
 19,034
 
 
 784,321
 Total commercial real estate1,102,446
 47,972
 21,553
 
 
 1,171,971
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens340,446
 2,776
 9,004
 
 
 352,226
 One- to four- family junior liens114,763
 952
 1,489
 
 
 117,204
 Total residential real estate455,209
 3,728
 10,493
 
 
 469,430
 Consumer36,059
 
 68
 31
 
 36,158
 Total$2,127,454
 $96,842
 $62,362
 $37
 $
 $2,286,695
  Pass Special Mention/ Watch Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
 (in thousands)           
 December 31, 2016           
 Agricultural$95,103
 $14,089
 $4,151
 $
 $
 $113,343
 Commercial and industrial429,392
 11,065
 19,016
 8
 
 459,481
 Credit cards1,489
 
 
 
 
 1,489
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development121,982
 2,732
 1,971
 
 
 126,685
 Farmland83,563
 8,986
 2,430
 
 
 94,979
 Multifamily134,975
 548
 480
 
 
 136,003
 Commercial real estate-other666,767
 20,955
 18,854
 
 
 706,576
 Total commercial real estate1,007,287
 33,221
 23,735
 
 
 1,064,243
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens359,029
 2,202
 11,002
 
 
 372,233
 One- to four- family junior liens114,233
 1,628
 1,902
 
 
 117,763
 Total residential real estate473,262
 3,830
 12,904
 
 
 489,996
 Consumer36,419
 1
 134
 37
 
 36,591
 Total$2,042,952
 $62,206
 $59,940
 $45
 $
 $2,165,143
(1) As of the first quarter of 2017, the Company no longer considered credit cards a separate class of loans, and these balances are now included in commercial and industrial loans.
Included within the special mention/watch, substandard, and doubtful categories at June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017 are purchased credit impaired loans totaling $13.9$11.4 million and $15.3$12.6 million, respectively.
Below are descriptions of the risk classifications of our loan portfolio.
Special Mention/Watch - A special mention/watch asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention/watch assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
Substandard - Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.
Loss - Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.

The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment, excluding purchased credit impaired loans, by class of loan, as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016:2017:
  June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
 (in thousands)Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance
 With no related allowance recorded:           
 Agricultural$6,307
 $6,807
 $
 $1,523
 $2,023
 $
 Commercial and industrial4,162
 4,528
 
 7,588
 7,963
 
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development84
 84
 
 84
 84
 
 Farmland6,532
 6,532
 
 287
 287
 
 Multifamily823
 823
 
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other6,602
 7,111
 
 5,746
 6,251
 
 Total commercial real estate14,041
 14,550
 
 6,117
 6,622
 
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens2,488
 2,540
 
 2,449
 2,482
 
 One- to four- family junior liens302
 302
 
 26
 26
 
 Total residential real estate2,790
 2,842
 
 2,475
 2,508
 
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$27,300
 $28,727
 $
 $17,703
 $19,116
 $
 With an allowance recorded:           
 Agricultural$1,749
 $1,754
 $287
 $1,446
 $1,446
 $140
 Commercial and industrial8,703
 8,810
 3,093
 2,146
 2,177
 1,126
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development
 
 
 
 
 
 Farmland2,123
 2,123
 648
 
 
 
 Multifamily
 
 
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other4,313
 11,980
 3,302
 4,269
 11,536
 2,157
 Total commercial real estate6,436
 14,103
 3,950
 4,269
 11,536
 2,157
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens966
 966
 163
 979
 979
 185
 One- to four- family junior liens
 
 
 268
 268
 41
 Total residential real estate966
 966
 163
 1,247
 1,247
 226
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$17,854
 $25,633
 $7,493
 $9,108
 $16,406
 $3,649
 Total:           
 Agricultural$8,056
 $8,561
 $287
 $2,969
 $3,469
 $140
 Commercial and industrial12,865
 13,338
 3,093
 9,734
 10,140
 1,126
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development84
 84
 
 84
 84
 
 Farmland8,655
 8,655
 648
 287
 287
 
 Multifamily823
 823
 
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other10,915
 19,091
 3,302
 10,015
 17,787
 2,157
 Total commercial real estate20,477
 28,653
 3,950
 10,386
 18,158
 2,157
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens3,454
 3,506
 163
 3,428
 3,461
 185
 One- to four- family junior liens302
 302
 
 294
 294
 41
 Total residential real estate3,756
 3,808
 163
 3,722
 3,755
 226
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$45,154
 $54,360
 $7,493
 $26,811
 $35,522
 $3,649

  June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
  Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance
 (in thousands)           
 With no related allowance recorded:           
 Agricultural$1,192
 $1,692
 $
 $3,673
 $4,952
 $
 Commercial and industrial4,781
 4,791
 
 6,211
 6,259
 
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development360
 360
 
 445
 1,170
 
 Farmland524
 524
 
 2,230
 2,380
 
 Multifamily
 
 
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other3,359
 3,359
 
 2,224
 2,384
 
 Total commercial real estate4,243
 4,243
 
 4,899
 5,934
 
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens2,371
 2,375
 
 2,429
 2,442
 
 One- to four- family junior liens13
 13
 
 
 
 
 Total residential real estate2,384
 2,388
 
 2,429
 2,442
 
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$12,600
 $13,114
 $
 $17,212
 $19,587
 $
 With an allowance recorded:           
 Agricultural$1,852
 $1,852
 $400
 $1,666
 $1,669
 $62
 Commercial and industrial6,919
 6,919
 2,125
 5,223
 5,223
 2,066
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development738
 1,464
 163
 263
 270
 21
 Farmland
 
 
 
 
 
 Multifamily
 
 
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other11,716
 11,716
 534
 6,288
 6,344
 1,903
 Total commercial real estate12,454
 13,180
 697
 6,551
 6,614
 1,924
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens1,368
 1,368
 236
 1,526
 1,526
 299
 One- to four- family junior liens
 
 
 
 
 
 Total residential real estate1,368
 1,368
 236
 1,526
 1,526
 299
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$22,593
 $23,319
 $3,458
 $14,966
 $15,032
 $4,351
 Total:           
 Agricultural$3,044
 $3,544
 $400
 $5,339
 $6,621
 $62
 Commercial and industrial11,700
 11,710
 2,125
 11,434
 11,482
 2,066
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development1,098
 1,824
 163
 708
 1,440
 21
 Farmland524
 524
 
 2,230
 2,380
 
 Multifamily
 
 
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other15,075
 15,075
 534
 8,512
 8,728
 1,903
 Total commercial real estate16,697
 17,423
 697
 11,450
 12,548
 1,924
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens3,739
 3,743
 236
 3,955
 3,968
 299
 One- to four- family junior liens13
 13
 
 
 
 
 Total residential real estate3,752
 3,756
 236
 3,955
 3,968
 299
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$35,193
 $36,433
 $3,458
 $32,178
 $34,619
 $4,351



The following table presents the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for loans individually evaluated for impairment, excluding purchased credit impaired loans, by class of loan, during the stated periods:
  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2018 2017 2018 2017
 (in thousands)Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized
 With no related allowance recorded:               
 Agricultural$6,037
 $296
 $1,192
 $66
 $4,422
 $363
 $1,216
 $79
 Commercial and industrial3,954
 98
 4,787
 67
 3,465
 144
 4,143
 90
 Commercial real estate:               
 Construction and development84
 
 360
 
 84
 
 360
 
 Farmland5,242
 185
 1,686
 36
 3,494
 234
 2,073
 69
 Multifamily825
 20
 
 
 550
 30
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other5,693
 130
 3,118
 71
 5,394
 177
 3,040
 103
 Total commercial real estate11,844
 335
 5,164
 107
 9,522
 441
 5,473
 172
 Residential real estate:               
 One- to four- family first liens2,438
 20
 2,409
 46
 1,757
 11
 2,417
 70
 One- to four- family junior liens297
 
 13
 
 288
 
 13
 
 Total residential real estate2,735
 20
 2,422
 46
 2,045
 11
 2,430
 70
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$24,570
 $749
 $13,565
 $286
 $19,454
 $959
 $13,262
 $411
 With an allowance recorded:               
 Agricultural$1,622
 $57
 $1,855
 $53
 $1,610
 $71
 $1,875
 $67
 Commercial and industrial7,797
 53
 4,444
 14
 7,457
 37
 3,495
 37
 Commercial real estate:               
 Construction and development
 
 809
 
 
 
 832
 
 Farmland2,107
 26
 
 
 1,405
 54
 
 
 Multifamily
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other4,360
 
 6,294
 16
 4,586
 
 4,410
 
 Total commercial real estate6,467
 26
 7,103
 16
 5,991
 54
 5,242
 
 Residential real estate:               
 One- to four- family first liens969
 18
 1,372
 17
 972
 27
 1,389
 26
 One- to four- family junior liens
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total residential real estate969
 18
 1,372
 17
 972
 27
 1,389
 26
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$16,855
 $154
 $14,774
 $100
 $16,030
 $189
 $12,001
 $130
 Total:               
 Agricultural$7,659
 $353
 $3,047
 $119
 $6,032
 $434
 $3,091
 $146
 Commercial and industrial11,751
 151
 9,231
 81
 10,922
 181
 7,638
 127
 Commercial real estate:               
 Construction and development84
 
 1,169
 
 84
 
 1,192
 
 Farmland7,349
 211
 1,686
 36
 4,899
 288
 2,073
 69
 Multifamily825
 20
 
 
 550
 30
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other10,053
 130
 9,412
 87
 9,980
 177
 7,450
 103
 Total commercial real estate18,311
 361
 12,267
 123
 15,513
 495
 10,715
 172
 Residential real estate:               
 One- to four- family first liens3,407
 38
 3,781
 63
 2,729
 38
 3,806
 96
 One- to four- family junior liens297
 
 13
 
 288
 
 13
 
 Total residential real estate3,704
 38
 3,794
 63
 3,017
 38
 3,819
 96
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$41,425
 $903
 $28,339
 $386
 $35,484
 $1,148
 $25,263
 $541
  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
  Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized
 (in thousands)               
 With no related allowance recorded:               
 Agricultural$1,192
 $66
 $1,266
 $13
 $1,216
 $79
 $1,291
 $27
 Commercial and industrial4,787
 67
 3,777
 10
 4,143
 90
 3,927
 
 Commercial real estate:               
 Construction and development360
 
 
 
 360
 
 
 
 Farmland1,686
 36
 2,568
 28
 2,073
 69
 2,580
 49
 Multifamily
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other3,118
 71
 1,979
 3
 3,040
 103
 2,009
 12
 Total commercial real estate5,164
 107
 4,547
 31
 5,473
 172
 4,589
 61
 Residential real estate:               
 One- to four- family first liens2,409
 46
 2,200
 23
 2,417
 70
 2,209
 44
 One- to four- family junior liens13
 
 
 
 13
 
 
 
 Total residential real estate2,422
 46
 2,200
 23
 2,430
 70
 2,209
 44
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$13,565
 $286
 $11,790
 $77
 $13,262
 $411
 $12,016
 $132
 With an allowance recorded:               
 Agricultural$1,855
 $53
 $1,856
 $7
 $1,875
 $67
 $1,878
 $20
 Commercial and industrial4,444
 14
 3,863
 14
 3,495
 37
 3,724
 10
 Commercial real estate:               
 Construction and development809
 
 
 
 832
 
 
 
 Farmland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Multifamily
 
 158
 
 
 
 158
 
 Commercial real estate-other6,294
 16
 5,416
 
 4,410
 
 2,415
 
 Total commercial real estate7,103
 16
 5,574
 
 5,242
 
 2,573
 
 Residential real estate:               
 One- to four- family first liens1,372
 17
 1,351
 11
 1,389
 26
 1,357
 19
 One- to four- family junior liens
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total residential real estate1,372
 17
 1,351
 11
 1,389
 26
 1,357
 19
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$14,774
 $100
 $12,644
 $32
 $12,001
 $130
 $9,532
 $49
 Total:               
 Agricultural$3,047
 $119
 $3,122
 $20
 $3,091
 $146
 $3,169
 $47
 Commercial and industrial9,231
 81
 7,640
 24
 7,638
 127
 7,651
 10
 Commercial real estate:               
 Construction and development1,169
 
 
 
 1,192
 
 
 
 Farmland1,686
 36
 2,568
 28
 2,073
 69
 2,580
 49
 Multifamily
 
 158
 
 
 
 158
 
 Commercial real estate-other9,412
 87
 7,395
 3
 7,450
 103
 4,424
 12
 Total commercial real estate12,267
 123
 10,121
 31
 10,715
 172
 7,162
 61
 Residential real estate:               
 One- to four- family first liens3,781
 63
 3,551
 34
 3,806
 96
 3,566
 63
 One- to four- family junior liens13
 
 
 
 13
 
 
 
 Total residential real estate3,794
 63
 3,551
 34
 3,819
 96
 3,566
 63
 Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total$28,339
 $386
 $24,434
 $109
 $25,263
 $541
 $21,548
 $181


The following table presents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class of loans at June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016:2017:
 (in thousands)30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivable
 June 30, 2018           
 Agricultural$503
 $
 $280
 $783
 $102,646
 $103,429
 Commercial and industrial1,144
 185
 6,006
 7,335
 505,022
 512,357
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development11
 
 83
 94
 206,175
 206,269
 Farmland515
 
 141
 656
 88,105
 88,761
 Multifamily
 
 
 
 129,659
 129,659
 Commercial real estate-other189
 62
 3,646
 3,897
 815,308
 819,205
 Total commercial real estate715
 62
 3,870
 4,647
 1,239,247
 1,243,894
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens1,412
 1,170
 872
 3,454
 346,827
 350,281
 One- to four- family junior liens120
 67
 440
 627
 116,511
 117,138
 Total residential real estate1,532
 1,237
 1,312
 4,081
 463,338
 467,419
 Consumer56
 23
 19
 98
 36,838
 36,936
 Total$3,950
 $1,507
 $11,487
 $16,944
 $2,347,091
 $2,364,035
             
 Included in the totals above are the following purchased credit impaired loans$203
 $160
 $
 $363
 $17,815
 $18,178
             
 December 31, 2017           
 Agricultural$95
 $118
 $168
 $381
 $105,131
 $105,512
 Commercial and industrial1,434
 1,336
 1,576
 4,346
 499,278
 503,624
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development57
 97
 82
 236
 165,040
 165,276
 Farmland217
 
 373
 590
 87,278
 87,868
 Multifamily
 25
 
 25
 134,481
 134,506
 Commercial real estate-other74
 
 1,852
 1,926
 782,395
 784,321
 Total commercial real estate348
 122
 2,307
 2,777
 1,169,194
 1,171,971
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens3,854
 756
 1,019
 5,629
 346,597
 352,226
 One- to four- family junior liens325
 770
 271
 1,366
 115,838
 117,204
 Total residential real estate4,179
 1,526
 1,290
 6,995
 462,435
 469,430
 Consumer79
 15
 29
 123
 36,035
 36,158
 Total$6,135
 $3,117
 $5,370
 $14,622
 $2,272,073
 $2,286,695
             
 Included in the totals above are the following purchased credit impaired loans$164
 $756
 $553
 $1,473
 $18,258
 $19,731
  30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivable
 (in thousands)           
 June 30, 2017           
 Agricultural$101
 $
 $430
 $531
 $107,120
 $107,651
 
Commercial and industrial(1)
981
 1,920
 2,253
 5,154
 480,483
 485,637
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development254
 90
 1,098
 1,442
 134,287
 135,729
 Farmland127
 121
 317
 565
 89,285
 89,850
 Multifamily
 
 
 
 137,506
 137,506
 Commercial real estate-other1,214
 643
 1,399
 3,256
 719,222
 722,478
 Total commercial real estate1,595
 854
 2,814
 5,263
 1,080,300
 1,085,563
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens1,902
 336
 2,021
 4,259
 366,070
 370,329
 One- to four- family junior liens232
 245
 21
 498
 113,159
 113,657
 Total residential real estate2,134
 581
 2,042
 4,757
 479,229
 483,986
 Consumer55
 20
 2
 77
 34,589
 34,666
 Total$4,866
 $3,375
 $7,541
 $15,782
 $2,181,721
 $2,197,503
             
 Included in the totals above are the following purchased credit impaired loans$114
 $306
 $354
 $774
 $21,205
 $21,979
             
 December 31, 2016           
 Agricultural$44
 $
 $399
 $443
 $112,900
 $113,343
 Commercial and industrial2,615
 293
 9,654
 12,562
 446,919
 459,481
 Credit cards
 
 
 
 1,489
 1,489
 Commercial real estate:           
 Construction and development630
 
 297
 927
 125,758
 126,685
 Farmland373
 
 91
 464
 94,515
 94,979
 Multifamily
 129
 
 129
 135,874
 136,003
 Commercial real estate-other1,238
 763
 6,655
 8,656
 697,920
 706,576
 Total commercial real estate2,241
 892
 7,043
 10,176
 1,054,067
 1,064,243
 Residential real estate:           
 One- to four- family first liens2,851
 1,143
 1,328
 5,322
 366,911
 372,233
 One- to four- family junior liens437
 151
 150
 738
 117,025
 117,763
 Total residential real estate3,288
 1,294
 1,478
 6,060
 483,936
 489,996
 Consumer50
 23
 33
 106
 36,485
 36,591
 Total$8,238
 $2,502
 $18,607
 $29,347
 $2,135,796
 $2,165,143
             
 Included in the totals above are the following purchased credit impaired loans$965
 $489
 $549
 $2,003
 $20,795
 $22,798
(1) As of the first quarter of 2017, the Company no longer considered credit cards a separate class of loans, and these balances are now included in commercial and industrial loans.
Non-accrual and Delinquent Loans
Loans are placed on non-accrual when (1) payment in full of principal and interest is no longer expected or (2) principal or interest has been in default for 90 days or more (unless the loan is both well secured with marketable collateral and in the process of collection). All loans rated doubtful or worse, and certain loans rated substandard, are placed on non-accrual.
A non-accrual asset may be restored to an accrual status when (1) all past due principal and interest has been paid (excluding renewals and modifications that involve the capitalizing of interest) or (2) the loan becomes well secured with marketable collateral and is in the process of collection. An established track record of performance is also considered when determining accrual status.

Delinquency status of a loan is determined by the number of days that have elapsed past the loan’s payment due date, using the following classification groupings: 30-59 days, 60-89 days and 90 days or more. Once a TDR has gone 90 days or more past due or is placed on nonaccrual status, it is included in the 90 days or more past due or nonaccrual totals.

The following table sets forth the composition of the Company’s recorded investment in loans on nonaccrual status and past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loans, excluding purchased credit impaired loans, as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016:2017:
  June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
 (in thousands)Non-Accrual Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing Non-Accrual Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing
 Agricultural$255
 $52
 $168
 $
 Commercial and industrial6,790
 
 7,124
 
 Commercial real estate:       
 Construction and development102
 
 188
 
 Farmland278
 
 386
 
 Multifamily
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other4,001
 
 5,279
 
 Total commercial real estate4,381
 
 5,853
 
 Residential real estate:       
 One- to four- family first liens1,085
 60
 1,228
 205
 One- to four- family junior liens493
 39
 346
 2
 Total residential real estate1,578
 99
 1,574
 207
 Consumer63
 
 65
 
 Total$13,067
 $151
 $14,784
 $207
  June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
  Non-Accrual Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing Non-Accrual Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing
 (in thousands)       
 Agricultural$494
 $
 $2,690
 $
 Commercial and industrial2,161
 147
 8,358
 
 Commercial real estate:       
 Construction and development1,110
 
 780
 95
 Farmland364
 89
 227
 
 Multifamily
 
 
 
 Commercial real estate-other12,095
 
 7,360
 
 Total commercial real estate13,569
 89
 8,367
 95
 Residential real estate:       
 One- to four- family first liens1,364
 702
 1,127
 375
 One- to four- family junior liens115
 
 116
 15
 Total residential real estate1,479
 702
 1,243
 390
 Consumer37
 
 10
 
 Total$17,740
 $938
 $20,668
 $485

Not included in the loans above as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017 were purchased credit impaired loans with an outstanding balance of $0.4$0.3 million and $2.6$0.7 million, net of a discount of $0.1 million and $0.5$0.1 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2017,2018, the Company had no$0.3 million in commitments to lend additional funds to any borrowers who have had a TDR.
Purchased Loans
Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are recorded and initially measured at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. Credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value. An allowance for loan losses is not carried over. These purchased loans are segregated into two types: purchased credit impaired loans and purchased non-credit impaired loans.


Purchased non-credit impaired loans are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-20 “Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs” as these loans do not have evidence of significant credit deterioration since origination and it is probable all contractually required payments will be received from the borrower.
Purchased credit impaired loans are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30 “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality” as they display significant credit deterioration since origination and it is probable, as of the acquisition date, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments from the borrower.
Purchased non-credit impaired loans are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-20 “Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs” as these loans do not have evidence of significant credit deterioration since origination and it is probable all contractually required payments will be received from the borrower.
Purchased credit impaired loans are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30 “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality” as they display significant credit deterioration since origination and it is probable, as of the acquisition date, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments from the borrower.
For purchased non-credit impaired loans the accretable discount is the discount applied to the expected cash flows of the portfolio to account for the differences between the interest rates at acquisition and rates currently expected on similar portfolios in the marketplace. As the accretable discount is accreted to interest income over the expected average life of the portfolio, the result will be interest income on loans at the estimated current market rate. We anticipate recordingrecord a provision for the acquired portfolio in future quarters as the formerloans acquired in the Central loansBancshares, Inc. (“Central”) merger renew and the discount is accreted.
For purchased credit impaired loans the difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected is referred to as the non-accretable difference. Further, any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized into interest income over the expected remaining life of the loan if the timing and amount of the future cash flows are reasonably estimable.

This discount includes an adjustment on loans that are not accruing or paying contractual interest so that interest income will be recognized at the estimated current market rate.

Subsequent to the purchase date, increases in cash flows over those expected at the purchase date are recognized as interest income prospectively. The present value of any decreases in expected cash flows after the purchase date is recognized by recording an allowance for credit losses and a provision for loan losses.
Changes in the accretable yield for loans acquired and accounted for under ASC 310-30 were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016:2017:
  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 (in thousands)2018 2017 2018 2017
 Balance at beginning of period$608
 $1,633
 $840
 $1,961
 Accretion(373) (475) (650) (891)
 Reclassification from nonaccretable difference76
 213
 121
 301
 Balance at end of period$311
 $1,371
 $311
 $1,371

  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
 (in thousands)       
 Balance at beginning of period$1,633
 $845
 $1,961
 $1,446
 Accretion(475) (509) (891) (1,110)
 Reclassification from nonaccretable difference213
 3,208
 301
 3,208
 Balance at end of period$1,371
 $3,544
 $1,371
 $3,544

5.    Derivatives and Hedging Activities
FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), provides the disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how the entity accounts for derivative instruments and related hedged items, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Further, qualitative disclosures are required that explain the Company’s objectives and strategies for using derivatives, as well as quantitative disclosures about the fair value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments.
As required by ASC 815, the Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.
The Company does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.
In accordance with the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio.
The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s loans and borrowings.

The following table presents the total notional and gross fair value of the Company’s derivatives as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The derivative asset and liability balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of master netting agreements, as included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
   As of June 30, 2018 As of December 31, 2017
     Fair Value   Fair Value
 (in thousands) 
Notional
Amount
 
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative
Liabilities
 
Notional
Amount
 
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative
Liabilities
 Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:            
 Fair value hedges:            
 Interest rate swaps $5,605
 $
 $26
 $
 $
 $
              
 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:            
 Interest rate swaps 10,720
 113
 132
 
 
 

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain of its fixed-rate assets due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate, LIBOR. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income.
The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017:
  Location and Amount of Gain or Loss Recognized in Income on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
  For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
  2018 2017 2018 2017
 (in thousands)Interest Income (Expense) Other Gain (Loss) Interest Income (Expense) Other Gain (Loss) Interest Income (Expense) Other Gain (Loss) Interest Income (Expense) Other Gain (Loss)
 Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded$(1) $
 $
 $
 $(1) $
 $
 $
                 
 The effects of fair value hedging:               
 Loss on fair value hedging relationships in subtopic 815-20:               
 Interest contracts:               
 Hedged items135
 
 
 
 135
 
 
 
 Derivative designated as hedging instruments(136) 
 
 
 (136) 
 
 

As of June 30, 2018, the following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:
Line Item in the Balance
Sheet in Which the
Hedged Item is Included
 
Carrying Amount of the
Hedged Assets
 
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value
Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Asset
(in thousands)    
Loans $5,630
 $25


Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
The Company enters into interest rate derivatives, including interest rate swaps with its customers, to allow them to hedge against the risk of rising interest rates by providing fixed rate loans. To economically hedge against the interest rate risks in the products offered to its customers, the Company enters into mirrored interest rate contracts with institutional counterparties, with one designated as a central counterparty. As of June 30, 2018, the total amount of interest rate swaps, including mirrored transactions with institutional counterparties and the Company’s customers, totaled $5.4 million for derivatives that were in an asset valuation position, and $5.4 million for derivatives that were in a liability valuation position. As of December 31, 2017, the total notional amounts of interest rate swaps, including mirrored transactions with institutional counterparties and the Company’s customers, totaled zero for derivatives that were in an asset valuation position, and zero for derivatives that were in a liability valuation position. The fair value of interest rate swaps with institutional counterparties and the Company’s customers amounted to a $0.1 million asset and a $0.1 million liability, as of June 30, 2018. The fair value of interest rate swaps with institutional counterparties and the Company’s customers amounted to a zero asset and a zero liability, as of December 31, 2017.
The following table presents the net gains (losses) recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income related to the derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017:
   Location in the Consolidated Statements of Income For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 (in thousands)  2018 2017 2018 2017
 Interest rate swaps Other gain (loss) $(19) $
 $(19) $

Offsetting of Derivatives
The table below presents a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of the Company’s derivatives as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The net amounts of derivative assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The tabular disclosure of fair value provides the location that derivative assets and liabilities are presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
       Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet  
 (in thousands)Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities) Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) presented in the Balance Sheet Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received (Paid) Net Assets (Liabilities)
 As of June 30, 2018           
 Asset Derivatives$113
 $
 $113
 $
 $
 $113
             
 Liability Derivatives(158) 
 (158) 
 
 (158)
             
             
 As of December 31, 2017           
 Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
             
 Liability Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
             

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
The Company has an unsecured federal funds line with its derivative counterparty.The Company has an agreement with its derivative counterparty that contains a provision under which if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company also has an agreement with its derivative counterparty that contains a provision under which the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to the Company's default on the indebtedness.
As of June 30, 2018, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $163,000. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties, and has not posted any collateral related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at June 30, 2018, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value of $163,000.


6.    Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired, including core deposit, trade name, and client relationship intangibles, consists of goodwill. Under ASC Topic 350, goodwill and the non-amortizing portion of the trade name intangible are subject to at least annual assessments for impairment by applying a fair value based test. The Company reviews goodwill and the non-amortizing portion of the trade name intangible at the reporting unit level to determine potential impairment annually on October 1, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, by comparing the carrying value of the reporting unit with the fair value of the reporting unit. No impairment was recorded on either the goodwill or the trade name intangible assets during the six months ended June 30, 2017.2018. The carrying amount of goodwill was $64.7 million at June 30, 2017,2018, the same as at December 31, 2016.2017.
During the second quarter of 2018, the Company recognized a $125,000 customer list intangible due to the purchase of a registered investment adviser in the Denver, Colorado, area.
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of intangibles (excluding goodwill), gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization, and net book value as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2017:2018:
 (in thousands) Insurance Agency Intangible Core Deposit Intangible Indefinite-Lived Trade Name Intangible Finite-Lived Trade Name Intangible Customer List Intangible Total
 June 30, 2018            
 Balance, beginning of period $148
 $4,011
 $7,040
 $744
 $103
 $12,046
 Finite-lived intangible assets acquired 
 
 
 
 125
 125
 Amortization expense (19) (1,119) 
 (97) (11) (1,246)
 Balance at end of period $129
 $2,892
 $7,040
 $647
 $217
 $10,925
              
 Gross carrying amount $1,320
 $18,206
 $7,040
 $1,380
 $455
 $28,401
 Accumulated amortization (1,191) (15,314) 
 (733) (238) (17,476)
 Net book value $129
 $2,892
 $7,040
 $647
 $217
 $10,925
   Insurance Agency Intangible Core Deposit Intangible Indefinite-Lived Trade Name Intangible Finite-Lived Trade Name Intangible Customer List Intangible Total
 (in thousands)            
 June 30, 2017            
 Balance, beginning of period $203
 $6,846
 $7,040
 $960
 $122
 $15,171
 Amortization expense (27) (1,506) 
 (111) (9) (1,653)
 Balance at end of period $176
 $5,340
 $7,040
 $849
 $113
 $13,518
              
 Gross carrying amount $1,320
 $18,206
 $7,040
 $1,380
 $330
 $28,276
 Accumulated amortizations (1,144) (12,866) 
 (531) (217) (14,758)
 Net book value $176
 $5,340
 $7,040
 $849
 $113
 $13,518

 
7.    Other Assets
The components of the Company’s other assets were as follows:
 (in thousands)June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
 Federal Home Loan Bank Stock$14,748
 $11,324
 Prepaid expenses1,954
 2,992
 Mortgage servicing rights2,589
 2,316
 Federal & state income taxes receivable, current
 3,120
 Accounts receivable & other miscellaneous assets7,722
 3,009
  $27,013
 $22,761

  June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
 (in thousands)   
 Federal Home Loan Bank Stock$12,181
 $12,800
 FDIC indemnification asset, net
 479
 Prepaid expenses1,874
 1,760
 Mortgage servicing rights2,136
 1,951
 Accounts receivable & other miscellaneous assets3,057
 1,323
  $19,248
 $18,313



TheBank is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, and ownership of FHLB stock is a requirement for such membership. The amount of FHLB stock the Bank is required to hold is directly related to the amount of FHLB advances borrowed. Because this security is not readily marketable and there are no available market values, this security is carried at cost and evaluated for potential impairment each quarter. Redemption of this investment is at the option of the FHLB. No impairment was recorded on FHLB stock in the six months ended June 30, 20172018 or in the year ended December 31, 2016.
As part of the Central merger, the Company became a party to certain loss-share agreements with the FDIC from previous Central-related acquisitions. These agreements cover realized losses on loans and foreclosed real estate for specified periods. These loss-share assets are measured separately from the loan portfolios because they are not contractually embedded in the loans and are not transferable with the loans should the Company choose to dispose of them. Fair values at the acquisition dates were estimated based on projected cash flows available for loss-share based on the credit adjustments estimated for each loan. The loss-share assets are recorded within other assets on the balance sheet. On July 14, 2017, the Bank, entered into an agreement with the FDIC that terminated all of the Bank's loss sharing agreements related to the former Central Bank. See Note 15. “Subsequent Events” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our termination of the loss-share agreements.2017.
Mortgage servicing rights are recorded at fair value based on assumptions provided by a third-party valuation service. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the servicing cost per loan, the discount rate, the escrow float rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.



8.    Short-Term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings were as follows as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016:2017:
   June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
 (in thousands) Weighted Average Cost Balance Weighted Average Cost Balance
 Federal funds purchased 2.10% $52,421
 1.77% $1,000
 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 0.91
 75,046
 0.71
 96,229
 Total 1.40% $127,467
 0.73% $97,229
   June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
 (in thousands) Weighted Average Cost Balance Weighted Average Cost Balance
 Federal funds purchased 1.31% $45,319
 0.83% $35,684
 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 0.23
 60,182
 0.22
 82,187
 Total 0.69% $105,501
 0.40% $117,871

At June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Company had no borrowings through the Federal Reserve Discount Window, while the borrowing capacity was $11.7$11.4 million as of June 30, 2017, the same as of December 31, 2016. As of both June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had municipal securities pledged with a market value of $13.0$12.7 million and $12.8 million, respectively, to the Federal Reserve to secure potential borrowings. The Company also has various other unsecured federal funds agreements with correspondent banks.banks as well as the FHLB. As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, there were $45.3$52.4 million and $35.7$1.0 million of borrowings through these correspondent bank federal funds agreements, respectively.
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are agreements in which the Company acquires funds by selling assets to another party under a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same assets at a specified price and date. The Company enters into repurchase agreements and also offers a demand deposit account product to customers that sweeps their balances in excess of an agreed upon target amount into overnight repurchase agreements. All securities sold under agreements to repurchase are recorded on the face of the balance sheet.
On April 30, 2015, the Company entered into a $5.0 million unsecured line of credit with a correspondent bank. Interest is payable at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus 2.00%. The line was renewed in May 2017,2018, and is now scheduled to maturematures on April 28, 2018.30, 2019. The Company had no balance outstanding under this agreement as of June 30, 2017.2018.


9.    Junior Subordinated Notes PayableIssued to Capital Trusts
The Company has established three statutory business trusts under the laws of the state of Delaware: Central Bancshares Capital Trust II, Barron Investment Capital Trust I, and MidWestOne Statutory Trust II. The trusts exist for the exclusive purposes of (i) issuing trust securities representing undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the respective trust; (ii) investing the gross proceeds of the trust securities in junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (junior subordinated notes); and (iii) engaging in only those activities necessary or incidental thereto. For regulatory capital purposes, these trust securities qualify as a component of Tier 1 capital.

The table below summarizes the outstanding junior subordinated notes and the related trust preferred securities issued by each trust as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016:2017:
   Face Value Book Value Interest Rate Interest Rate at Maturity Date Callable Date
 (in thousands)    6/30/2017  
 June 30, 2017            
 
Central Bancshares Capital Trust II(1) (2)
 $7,217
 $6,644
 Three-month LIBOR + 3.50% 4.75% 03/15/2038 03/15/2013
 
Barron Investment Capital Trust I(1) (2)
 2,062
 1,635
 Three-month LIBOR + 2.15% 3.44% 09/23/2036 09/23/2011
 
MidWestOne Statutory Trust II(1)
 15,464
 15,464
 Three-month LIBOR + 1.59% 2.84% 12/15/2037 12/15/2012
 Total $24,743
 $23,743
        
   Face Value Book Value Interest Rate Interest Rate at Maturity Date Callable Date
 (in thousands)    6/30/2018  
 June 30, 2018            
 
Central Bancshares Capital Trust II(1) (2)
 $7,217
 $6,702
 Three-month LIBOR + 3.50% 5.84% 03/15/2038 03/15/2013
 
Barron Investment Capital Trust I(1) (2)
 2,062
 1,675
 Three-month LIBOR + 2.15% 4.49% 09/23/2036 09/23/2011
 
MidWestOne Statutory Trust II(1)
 15,464
 15,464
 Three-month LIBOR + 1.59% 3.93% 12/15/2037 12/15/2012
 Total $24,743
 $23,841
        

   Face Value Book Value Interest Rate Interest Rate at Maturity Date Callable Date
 (in thousands)    12/31/2016  
 December 31, 2016            
 
Central Bancshares Capital Trust II(1) (2)
 $7,217
 $6,614
 Three-month LIBOR + 3.50% 4.46% 03/15/2038 03/15/2013
 
Barron Investment Capital Trust I(1) (2)
 2,062
 1,614
 Three-month LIBOR + 2.15% 3.15% 09/23/2036 09/23/2011
 
MidWestOne Statutory Trust II(1)
 15,464
 15,464
 Three-month LIBOR + 1.59% 2.55% 12/15/2037 12/15/2012
 Total $24,743
 $23,692
        
   Face Value Book Value Interest Rate Interest Rate at Maturity Date Callable Date
 (in thousands)    12/31/2017  
 December 31, 2017            
 
Central Bancshares Capital Trust II(1) (2)
 $7,217
 $6,674
 Three-month LIBOR + 3.50% 5.09% 03/15/2038 03/15/2013
 
Barron Investment Capital Trust I(1) (2)
 2,062
 1,655
 Three-month LIBOR + 2.15% 3.82% 09/23/2036 09/23/2011
 
MidWestOne Statutory Trust II(1)
 15,464
 15,464
 Three-month LIBOR + 1.59% 3.18% 12/15/2037 12/15/2012
 Total $24,743
 $23,793
        
(1) All distributions are cumulative and paid in cash quarterly.
(2) Central Bancshares Capital Trust II and Barron Investment Capital Trust I were established by Central prior to the Company’s merger with Central, and the junior subordinated notes issued by Central were assumed by the Company.
The trust preferred securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the junior subordinated notes at the stated maturity date or upon redemption of the junior subordinated notes. Each trust’s ability to pay amounts due on the trust preferred securities is solely dependent upon the Company making payment on the related junior subordinated notes. The Company’s obligation under the junior subordinated notes and other relevant trust agreements, in aggregate, constitutes a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of each trust’s obligations under the trust preferred securities issued by each trust. The Company has the right to defer payment of interest on the junior subordinated notes and, therefore, distributions on the trust preferred securities, for up to five years, but not beyond the stated maturity date in the table above. During any such deferral period the Company may not pay cash dividends on its stock and generally may not repurchase its stock.


10.    Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings and Long-Term BorrowingsDebt
Long-termFederal Home Loan Bank borrowings and long-term debt were as follows as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016:2017:
  June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
 (in thousands)Weighted Average Cost Balance Weighted Average Cost Balance
 FHLB Borrowings2.12% $143,000
 1.72% $115,000
 Note payable to unaffiliated bank3.75
 10,000
 3.32
 12,500
 Total2.23% $153,000
 1.88% $127,500

  June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
 (in thousands)Weighted Average Cost Balance Weighted Average Cost Balance
 FHLB Borrowings1.61% $90,000
 1.56% $115,000
 Note payable to unaffiliated bank2.98
 15,000
 2.52
 17,500
 Total1.81% $105,000
 1.69% $132,500
The Company utilizes FHLB borrowings as a supplement to customer deposits to fund interest-earning assets and to assist in managing interest rate risk. As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines, the Bank may borrow funds from the FHLB in amounts up to 35% of the Bank’s total assets, provided the Bank is able to pledge an adequate amount of qualified assets to secure the borrowings. Advances from the FHLB are collateralized primarily by one- to four-family residential, commercial and agricultural real estate first mortgages equal to various percentages of the total outstanding notes. See Note 54 “Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Loan Losses” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
On April 30, 2015, the Company entered into a $35.0 million unsecured note payable with a correspondent bank with a maturity date of June 30, 2020.2020. The Company drew $25.0 million on the note prior to June 30, 2015, at which time the

ability to obtain additional advances ceased. Payments of principal and interest are payable quarterly, which began on September 30, 2015.2015. As of June 30, 2017, $15.02018, $10.0 million of that note was outstanding.


11.    Income Taxes
The incomeIncome tax provisionsexpense for the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016 were2017 was less than the amountsamount computed by applying the maximum effective federal income tax rate of 21% and 35%, respectively, to the income before income taxes, because of the following items:
  For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
  2018 2017 2018 2017
 (in thousands)Amount % of Pretax Income Amount % of Pretax Income Amount % of Pretax Income Amount % of Pretax Income
 Income tax based on statutory rate$2,160
 21.0 % $3,629
 35.0 % $4,213
 21.0 % $6,864
 35.0 %
 Tax-exempt interest(501) (4.9) (795) (7.7) (991) (4.9) (1,581) (8.1)
 Bank-owned life insurance(82) (0.8) (110) (1.1) (173) (0.9) (225) (1.1)
 State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit566
 5.5
 443
 4.3
 1,095
 5.4
 848
 4.3
 General business credits7
 (1.0) (19) (0.2) (40) (0.7) (40) (0.2)
 Other(19) 0.9
 (12) (0.1) 11
 0.6
 (201) (1.0)
 Total income tax expense$2,131
 20.7 % $3,136
 30.2 % $4,115
 20.5 % $5,665
 28.9 %

  For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
 (in thousands)Amount % of Pretax Income Amount % of Pretax Income Amount % of Pretax Income Amount % of Pretax Income
 Expected provision$3,629
 35.0 % $2,292
 35.0 % $6,864
 35.0 % $4,899
 35.0 %
 Tax-exempt interest(795) (7.7) (745) (11.4) (1,581) (8.1) (1,499) (10.7)
 Bank-owned life insurance(110) (1.1) (115) (1.8) (225) (1.1) (249) (1.8)
 State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit443
 4.3
 327
 5.0
 848
 4.3
 647
 4.6
 Non-deductible acquisition expenses
 
 28
 0.4
 
 
 53
 0.4
 General business credits(19) (0.2) (14) (0.2) (40) (0.2) (153) (1.1)
 Other(12) (0.1) 21
 0.4
 (201) (1.0) 1
 
 Total income tax provision$3,136
 30.2 % $1,794
 27.4 % $5,665
 28.9 % $3,699
 26.4 %
In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118), which provides guidance regarding how a company is to reflect provisional amounts when necessary information is not yet available, prepared or analyzed sufficiently to complete its accounting for the effect of the changes in Public Law 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). During the first quarter of 2018, the income tax expense recorded during the fourth quarter of 2017 was determined to be final.


12.    Earnings per Share
Basic per-share amounts are computed by dividing net income (the numerator) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator). Diluted per-share amounts assume issuance of all common stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of other securities, unless the effect is to reduce the loss or increase the income per common share from continuing operations.
The following table presents the computation of earnings per common share for the respective periods:
   Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) 2018 2017 2018 2017
 Basic earnings per common share computation        
 Numerator:        
 Net income $8,156
 $7,234
 $15,949
 $13,947
 Denominator:        
 Weighted average shares outstanding 12,218,240
 12,200,689
 12,220,453
 11,855,108
 Basic earnings per common share $0.67
 $0.59
 $1.31
 $1.18
          
 Diluted earnings per common share computation        
 Numerator:        
 Net income $8,156
 $7,234
 $15,949
 $13,947
 Denominator:        
 Weighted average shares outstanding, including all dilutive potential shares 12,229,940
 12,219,238
 12,235,405
 11,878,315
 Diluted earnings per common share $0.67
 $0.59
 $1.30
 $1.17


13.    Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received in sellingfor an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in transferring athe principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair valueparticipants on the measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The pricedate. Market participants are defined as buyers and sellers in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value offor the asset or liability is not adjusted forthat have all of the following characteristics: 1) an unrelated party; 2) knowledgeable (having a reasonable understanding about the asset or liability and the transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transactionbased on all available information; including

information that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activitiesmight be obtained through due diligence efforts that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (1) independent, (2) knowledgeable, (3)or customary); 3) able to transacttransact; and (4)4) willing to transact.transact (motivated but not forced or otherwise compelled to do so).
GAAP requires the use of valuationThe FASB states “valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available shall be used to measure fair value.” The valuation techniques for measuring fair value are consistent with the three traditional approaches to value: the market approach, the income approach, and/orand the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach usesasset approach.
In applying valuation techniques, to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach isthe use of relevant inputs (both observable and unobservable) based on the amount that currently wouldfacts and circumstances must be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, GAAP establishesused. The FASB has defined a fair value hierarchy for valuationthese inputs that giveswhich prioritizes the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:inputs into three broad levels:
Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted
Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in active markets.
Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices within Level 1 that are observable for assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
Unobservable inputs should be used only to the extent that relevant observable inputs are not available; this allows for situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable forat the asset (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3 Inputsmeasurement date. Unobservable inputs for determiningshould reflect the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect anreporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assetsasset or liabilities.

liability, including assumptions about risk.
It is the Company’s policy to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements. The Company is required to use observable inputs, to the extent available, in the fair value estimation process unless that data results from forced liquidations or distressed sales. A description ofThe Company used the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured atfollowing methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:
Investment Securities - The fair value as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.
Valuation methods for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
Securities Available for Sale - The Company’s investment securities classified asare determined by quoted market prices, if available for sale include: debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government agencies and corporations, debt securities issued by state and political subdivisions, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, corporate debt securities, and equity securities. Quoted exchange prices are available for equity securities, which are classified as Level 1.(Level 1). The Company utilizes an independent pricing service to obtain the fair value of debt securities. On a quarterly basis, the Company selects a sample of 30 securities from its primary pricing service and compares them to a secondary independent pricing service to validate value. In addition, the Company periodically reviews the pricing methodology utilized by the primary independent service for reasonableness. Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government agencies and corporations, mortgage-backed securities, and collateralized mortgage obligations are priced utilizing industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curves, volatility factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace and are classified as Level 2.(Level 2). Municipal securities are valued using a type of matrix, or grid, pricing in which securities are benchmarked against the treasury rate based on credit rating. These model and matrix measurements are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.rating (Level 2). On an annual basis, a group of selected municipal securities have their credit rating evaluated by a securities dealer and that information is used to verify the primary independent service’s rating and pricing.
The following table summarizes assets measuredLoans Held for Sale - Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. There were no liabilities subject towith fair value measurement asbeing based on binding contracts from third party investors (Level 2). The portfolio has historically consisted primarily of these dates.residential real estate loans.
Loans, Net - The assets are segregatedestimated fair value of loans, net, was performed using the income approach, with the market approach used for certain nonperforming loans, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. The application of the income approach establishes value by methods that discount or capitalize earnings and/or cash flow, by a discount or capitalization rate that reflects market rate of return expectations, market conditions, and the relative risk of the investment. Generally, this can be accomplished by the leveldiscounted cash flow method. For loans that exhibited some characteristics of valuation inputs withinperformance and where it appears that the borrower may have adequate cash flows to service the loan, a discounted cash flow analysis was used. The discounted cash flow analysis was based on the contractual maturity of the loan and market indications of rates, prepayment speeds, defaults and credit risk. For loans with balloon or interest only payment structures, the repayment was extended by assuming a renewal period beyond the current contractual maturity date. For loans analyzed using the asset approach, the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:
  Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2017 Using
 (in thousands)Total 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant  Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Assets:       
 Available for sale debt securities:       
 U.S. Government agencies and corporations$5,778
 $
 $5,778
 $
 State and political subdivisions151,839
 
 151,839
 
 Mortgage-backed securities54,115
 
 54,115
 
 Collateralized mortgage obligations164,390
 
 164,390
 
 Corporate debt securities64,502
 
 64,502
 
 Total available for sale debt securities440,624
 
 440,624
 
 Other equity securities2,334
 2,334
 
 
 Total securities available for sale$442,958
 $2,334
 $440,624
 $
         

  Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2016 Using
 (in thousands)Total 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable 
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Assets:       
 Available for sale debt securities:       
 U.S. Government agencies and corporations$5,905
 $
 $5,905
 $
 State and political subdivisions165,272
 
 165,272
 
 Mortgage-backed securities61,354
 
 61,354
 
 Collateralized mortgage obligations171,267
 
 171,267
 
 Corporate debt securities72,453
 
 72,453
 
 Total available for sale debt securities476,251
 
 476,251
 
 Other equity securities1,267
 1,267
 
 
 Total securities available for sale$477,518
 $1,267
 $476,251
 $
         

There were no transfers of assets between levelswas determined based on the estimated values of the fair value hierarchy duringunderlying collateral. For impaired loans, the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 or the year ended December 31, 2016.

There have been no changes in valuation techniquesestimated net sales proceeds was used for any assets measured at fair value during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 or the year ended December 31, 2016.
Changes into determine the fair value of available for sale securities are included in other comprehensivethe loans when deemed appropriate. The implied sales proceeds value provides a better indication of value than the income to the extent the changesstream as these loans are not considered OTTI. OTTI tests are performed on a quarterly basis and any decline in the fair valueperforming or exhibit strong signs indicative of an individual security below its cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a write-down that is reflected directly in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.nonperformance.
Valuation methods for instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans - From time to time, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for credit losses is established. The specific reserves for collateral dependent impaired loans are based on the fair value of the

collateral less estimated costs to sell. The fair value of collateral is determinedsell, based on appraisals. In some cases, adjustmentsThese appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made to the appraised values due to various factors, including age of the appraisal, age of comparables included in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and knownincome data available for similar loans and collateral underlying such loans, and resulted in a Level 3 classification for inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the markettime of valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and the client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the collateral. Because many of these inputs are unobservable, the valuations are classified as Level 3.allowance policy.
Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) - OREO represents property acquired through foreclosures and settlements of loans. Property acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling cost at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. The Company considers third partyThese assets are subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals which are updated no less frequently than every 18 months. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches, including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available for similar loans and the collateral underlying such loans, resulting in a Level 3 classification for inputs for determining fair value. Real estate owned properties are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.
Appraisals for both collateral dependent impaired loans and OREO are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, a member of the Special Assets Department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as independentthe overall resulting fair value assessments from real estate brokersin comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or persons involvedindustry-wide statistics.
Interest Rate Swaps - Interest rate swaps are valued by the Company's swap dealers using cash flow valuation techniques with observable market data inputs. The fair values estimated by the Company's swap dealers use interest rates that are observable or that can be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company has entered into collateral agreements with its swap dealers which entitle it to receive collateral to cover market values on derivatives which are in selling OREOasset position, thus a credit risk adjustment on interest rate swaps is not warranted.
The following table summarizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The assets and liabilities are segregated by the level of valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:
  Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2018 Using
 (in thousands)Fair Value 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant  Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Assets:       
 Available for sale debt securities:       
 U.S. Government agencies and corporations$5,543
 $
 $5,543
 $
 State and political subdivisions141,715
 
 141,715
 
 Mortgage-backed securities54,370
 
 54,370
 
 Collateralized mortgage obligations172,010
 
 172,010
 
 Corporate debt securities64,674
 
 64,674
 
 Total available for sale debt securities$438,312
 $
 $438,312
 $
 Derivatives$113
 $
 $113
 $
         
 Liabilities:       
 Derivatives$158
 $
 $158
 $


  Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2017 Using
 (in thousands)Fair Value 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable 
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Assets:       
 Available for sale debt securities:       
 U.S. Government agencies and corporations$15,626
 $
 $15,626
 $
 State and political subdivisions141,839
 
 141,839
 
 Mortgage-backed securities48,497
 
 48,497
 
 Collateralized mortgage obligations168,196
 
 168,196
 
 Corporate debt securities71,166
 
 71,166
 
 Total available for sale debt securities$445,324
 $
 $445,324
 $


There were no transfers of assets between Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 or the year ended December 31, 2017.

Changes in determining the fair value of particular properties. Accordingly,available for sale debt securities are included in other comprehensive income, and changes in the valuation of OREO is subject to significant external and internal judgment. The Company also periodically reviews OREO to determine whether the property continues to be carried at the lower of its recorded book value or fair value of the property, less disposal costs. Because many of these inputsequity securities are unobservable, the valuations are classified as Level 3.included in noninterest income.
The following table discloses the Company’s estimated fair value amounts of its assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. It is management’s belief that the fair values presented below are reasonable based on the valuation techniques and data available to the Company as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017, as more fully described above. 
  Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2018 Using
 (in thousands)Fair Value 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets  for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant  Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Assets:       
 Collateral dependent impaired loans$6,169
 $
 $
 $6,169
 Other real estate owned$676
 $
 $
 $676
  Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2017 Using
 (in thousands)Total 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets  for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant  Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Assets:       
 Collateral dependent impaired loans$1,073
 $
 $
 $1,073
 Other real estate owned$1,486
 $
 $
 $1,486


  Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2017 Using
 (in thousands)Fair Value 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical  Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant  Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Assets:       
 Collateral dependent impaired loans$3,927
 $
 $
 $3,927
 Other real estate owned$2,010
 $
 $
 $2,010

  Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2016 Using
 (in thousands)Total 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical  Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant  Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Assets:       
 Collateral dependent impaired loans$8,774
 $
 $
 $8,774
 Other real estate owned$2,097
 $
 $
 $2,097
The following presents the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The information presented is subject to change over time based on a variety of factors. The operations of the Company are managed on a going concern basis and not a liquidation basis. As a result, the ultimate value realized from the financial instruments presented could be substantially different when actually recognized over time through the normal course of operations. Additionally, a substantial portion of the Company’s inherent value is the capitalization and franchise value of the Bank. Neither of these components has been given consideration in the presentation of fair values below.
  June 30, 2017
  
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 (in thousands)         
 Financial assets:         
 Cash and cash equivalents$49,398
 $49,398
 $49,398
 $
 $
 Investment securities:         
 Available for sale442,958
 442,958
 2,334
 440,624
 
 Held to maturity182,478
 183,296
 
 183,296
 
 Total investment securities625,436
 626,254
 2,334
 623,920
 
 Loans held for sale1,636
 1,667
 
 
 1,667
 Loans, net2,174,993
 2,175,104
 
 2,175,104
 
 Accrued interest receivable12,606
 12,606
 12,606
 
 
 Federal Home Loan Bank stock12,181
 12,181
 
 12,181
 
 Financial liabilities:         
 Deposits:         
 Non-interest bearing demand476,031
 476,031
 476,031
 
 
 Interest-bearing checking1,131,151
 1,131,151
 1,131,151
 
 
 Savings203,967
 203,967
 203,967
 
 
 Certificates of deposit under $100,000325,847
 323,885
 
 323,885
 
 Certificates of deposit $100,000 and over356,713
 355,582
 
 355,582
 
 Total deposits2,493,709
 2,490,616
 1,811,149
 679,467
 
 Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase105,501
 105,501
 105,501
 
 
 Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings90,000
 89,791
 
 89,791
 
 Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts23,743
 19,462
 
 19,462
 
 Long-term debt15,000
 15,000
 
 15,000
 
 Accrued interest payable1,551
 1,551
 1,551
 
 

  December 31, 2016
  
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 (in thousands)         
 Financial assets:         
 Cash and cash equivalents$43,228
 $43,228
 $43,228
 $
 $
 Investment securities:         
 Available for sale477,518
 477,518
 1,267
 476,251
 
 Held to maturity168,392
 164,792
 
 164,792
 
 Total investment securities645,910
 642,310
 1,267
 641,043
 
 Loans held for sale4,241
 4,286
 
 
 4,286
 Loans, net2,143,293
 2,138,252
 
 2,138,252
 
 Accrued interest receivable13,871
 13,871
 13,871
 
 
 Federal Home Loan Bank stock12,800
 12,800
 
 12,800
 
 Financial liabilities:         
 Deposits:         
 Non-interest bearing demand494,586
 494,586
 494,586
 
 
 Interest-bearing checking1,136,282
 1,136,282
 1,136,282
 
 
 Savings197,698
 197,698
 197,698
 
 
 Certificates of deposit under $100,000326,832
 324,978
 
 324,978
 
 Certificates of deposit $100,000 and over325,050
 324,060
 
 324,060
 
 Total deposits2,480,448
 2,477,604
 1,828,566
 649,038
 
 Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase117,871
 117,871
 117,871
 
 
 Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings115,000
 114,590
 
 114,590
 
 Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts23,692
 19,248
 
 19,248
 
 Long-term debt17,500
 17,500
 
 17,500
 
 Accrued interest payable1,472
 1,472
 1,472
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents, federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements, and accrued interest are instruments with carrying values that approximate fair value.
Investment securities available for sale are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Held to maturity securities are carried at amortized cost. Fair value is based upon quoted prices, if available. If a quoted price is not available, the fair value is obtained from benchmarking the security against similar securities by using a third-party pricing service.
Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, with fair value being based on recent observable loan sales. The portfolio has historically consisted primarily of residential real estate loans.
For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. The fair values for other loans are determined using estimated future cash flows, discounted at the interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers with similar credit quality. The Company does record nonrecurring fair value adjustments to loans to reflect (1) partial write-downs and allowances that are based on the observable market price or appraised value of the collateral or (2) the full charge-off of the loan carrying value.
The fair value of FHLB stock is estimated at its carrying value and redemption price of $100 per share.
Deposit liabilities are carried at historical cost. The fair value of non-interest bearing demand deposits, savings accounts and certain interest-bearing checking deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. If the fair value of the fixed maturity certificates of deposit is calculated at less than the carrying amount, the carrying value of these deposits is reported as the fair value.
FHLB borrowings, junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts, and long-term debt are recorded at historical cost. The fair value of these items is estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

The following presents the valuation technique(s), unobservable inputs, and quantitative information about the unobservable inputs used for fair value measurements of the financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2017,2018, categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(dollars in thousands)Fair Value at June 30, 2017Valuation Techniques(s)Unobservable InputRange of InputsWeighted Average
Collateral dependent impaired loans$1,073
Modified appraised valueThird party appraisalNM *NM *NM *
Appraisal discountNM *NM *NM *
Other real estate owned$1,486
Modified appraised valueThird party appraisalNM *NM *NM *
Appraisal discountNM *NM *NM *
  Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements    
 (dollars in thousands)Fair Value at June 30, 2018 Valuation Techniques(s) Unobservable Input Range of Inputs Weighted Average
 Collateral dependent impaired loans$6,169
 Modified appraised value Third party appraisal NM *-NM * NM *
      Appraisal discount NM *-NM * NM *
 Other real estate owned$676
 Modified appraised value Third party appraisal NM *-NM * NM *
      Appraisal discount NM *-NM * NM *
* Not Meaningful. Third party appraisals are obtained as to the value of the underlying asset, but disclosure of this information would not provide meaningful information, as the range will vary widely from loan to loan. Types of discounts considered include age of the appraisal, local market conditions, current condition of the property, and estimated sales costs. These discounts will also vary from loan to loan, thus providing a range would not be meaningful.
Changes
Due to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2018, the estimated fair value amounts shown for December 31, 2017 are not comparable to those for June 30, 2018, due to a change in assumptions or estimation methodologies maythe required methodology (“exit price” only) for determining current estimated fair value. The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value, at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows:
  June 30, 2018
 (in thousands)
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 Quoted 
Prices in
Active 
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Financial assets:         
 Cash and cash equivalents$43,264
 $43,264
 $43,264
 $
 $
 Investment securities:         
 Equity securities2,809
 2,809
 2,809
 
 
 Debt securities available for sale438,312
 438,312
 
 438,312
 
 Debt securities held to maturity192,896
 188,407
 
 188,407
 
 Total investment securities634,017
 629,528
 2,809
 626,719
 
 Loans held for sale1,528
 1,548
 
 1,548
 
 Loans held for investment, net2,333,235
 2,268,777
 
 
 2,268,777
 Interest receivable13,636
 13,636
 13,636
 
 
 Federal Home Loan Bank stock14,748
 14,748
 
 14,748
 
 Derivative assets113
 113
 
 113
 
 Financial liabilities:         
 Deposits:         
 Non-interest bearing demand469,862
 469,862
 469,862
 
 
 Interest-bearing checking1,183,384
 1,183,384
 1,183,384
 
 
 Savings216,866
 216,866
 216,866
 
 
 Certificates of deposit under $100,000341,584
 336,859
 
 336,859
 
 Certificates of deposit $100,000 and over392,505
 388,913
 
 388,913
 
 Total deposits2,604,201
 2,595,884
 1,870,112
 725,772
 
 Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase127,467
 127,467
 127,467
 
 
 Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings143,000
 141,069
 
 141,069
 
 Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts23,841
 21,032
 
 21,032
 
 Long-term debt10,000
 10,000
 
 10,000
 
 Derivative liabilities158
 158
 
 158
 


  December 31, 2017
 (in thousands)
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Quoted 
Prices in
Active 
Markets  for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Financial assets:         
 Cash and cash equivalents$50,972
 $50,972
 $50,972
 $
 $
 Investment securities:         
 Equity securities2,336
 2,336
 2,336
 
 
 Debt securities available for sale445,324
 445,324
 
 445,324
 
 Debt securities held to maturity195,619
 194,343
 
 194,343
 
 Total investment securities643,279
 642,003
 2,336
 639,667
 
 Loans held for sale856
 871
 
 
 871
 Loans held for investment, net2,258,636
 2,256,726
 
 2,256,726
 
 Interest receivable14,732
 14,732
 14,732
 
 
 Federal Home Loan Bank stock11,324
 11,324
 
 11,324
 
 Financial liabilities:         
 Deposits:         
 Non-interest bearing demand461,969
 461,969
 461,969
 
 
 Interest-bearing checking1,228,112
 1,228,112
 1,228,112
 
 
 Savings213,430
 213,430
 213,430
 
 
 Certificates of deposit under $100,000324,681
 321,197
 
 321,197
 
 Certificates of deposit $100,000 and over377,127
 374,685
 
 374,685
 
 Total deposits2,605,319
 2,599,393
 1,903,511
 695,882
 
 Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase97,229
 97,229
 97,229
 
 
 Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings115,000
 114,945
 
 114,945
 
 Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts23,793
 19,702
 
 19,702
 
 Long-term debt12,500
 12,500
 
 12,500
 


14.    Revenue Recognition
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606. As stated in Note 2. “Effect of New Financial Accounting Standards,” the implementation of the new standard did not have a material impact on the measurement or recognition of revenue; as such, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605.
Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as trust and asset management fees, service charges on deposit accounts, sales of other real estate, and debit card interchange fees. However, the recognition of these estimated fair values.revenue streams did not change significantly upon adoption of Topic 606. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated from contracts with customers. Noninterest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.
Trust and Asset Management
Trust and asset management income is primarily comprised of fees earned from the management and administration of trusts and other customer assets. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied over time, and the resulting fees are recognized monthly, based upon the month-end market value of the assets under management and the applicable fee rate. Payment is generally received a few days after month end through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. The Company does not earn performance-based incentives. Optional services such as real estate sales and tax return preparation services are also available to existing trust and asset management customers. The Company’s performance obligation for these transactional-based services is generally satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time (i.e., as incurred). Payment is received shortly after services are rendered.

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts
Service charges on deposit accounts consist of account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business and public checking accounts), monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.
Fees, Exchange, and Other Service Charges
Fees, exchange, and other service charges are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees, merchant services income, and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions, in addition to account management fees. Other service charges include revenue from processing wire transfers, bill pay service, cashier’s checks, and other services. The Company’s performance obligation for fees, exchange, and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.
Gains/Losses on Sales of OREO
Gain or loss from the sale of OREO occurs when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. When the Company finances the sale of OREO to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determining the gain or loss on the sale, the Company adjusts the transaction price and related gain (loss) on sale if a significant financing component is present. OREO sales for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017 were not financed by the Bank.
Other
Other noninterest income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as safe deposit box rental fees, and other miscellaneous revenue streams. Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The Company determined that since rentals and renewals occur fairly consistently over time, revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the duration of the performance obligation.
Contract Balances
A contract asset balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company’s noninterest revenue streams are largely based on transactional activity, or standard month-end revenue accruals such as asset management fees based on month-end market values. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and revenue is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any significant contract balances.
Contract Acquisition Costs
In connection with the adoption of Topic 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize into expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained (for example, sales commission). The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. Upon adoption of Topic 606, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition cost.

13.15.    Operating Segments
The Company’s activities are considered to be a single industry segment for financial reporting purposes. The Company is engaged in the business of commercial and retail banking, investment management and insurance services with operations throughout central and eastern Iowa, the Twin Cities area of Minnesota and Wisconsin, Florida, and Denver,

Colorado. Substantially all income is derived from a diverse base of commercial, mortgage and retail lending activities, and investments.


14.    Effect of New Financial Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contract with Customers (Topic 606). The guidance in this update affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards (for example, insurance contracts or lease contracts). The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply the following five steps: 1) identify the contracts(s) with the customer; 2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; 3) determine the transaction price; 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The guidance also specifies the accounting for some costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. For a public entity, the amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is not permitted. In July 2015, the FASB announced a delay to the effective date of Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-09, Revenue from Contract with Customers (Topic 606). Reporting entities may choose to adopt the standard as of the original date, or take advantage of a one-year delay. For a public entity, the revised effective date is for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is not permitted prior to the original effective date. The Company’s revenue is comprised of interest income on financial assets, which is excluded from the scope of this new guidance, and noninterest income. The Company expects this new guidance will potentially require it to change how certain recurring revenue streams are recognized within trust and asset management fees, sales of other real estate, credit and debit card interchange fees, and credit card revenue. In addition, the Company continues to stay apprised of certain issues related to implementation of the standard that are relevant to the banking industry which are still pending resolution. The Company is beginning to analyze the expected areas of impact, and currently does not expect the effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements to be material. The Company has determined that it will not early-adopt this standard, and plans to utilize the modified retrospective transition method.

In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The amendments in this update provide guidance in GAAP about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. In doing so, the amendment should reduce diversity in the timing and content of footnote disclosures. Disclosures are required if it is probable an entity will be unable to meet its obligations within the look-forward period of twelve months after the financial statements are made available. Incremental substantial doubt disclosure is required if the probability

is not mitigated by management’s plans. The new standard applies to all entities for the first annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods thereafter. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The guidance in this update makes changes to the current GAAP model primarily affect the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In addition, the FASB clarified guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. The accounting for other financial instruments, such as loans, investments in debt securities, and financial liabilities is largely unchanged. The treatment of gains and losses for all equity securities, including those without a readily determinable market value, is expected to result in additional volatility in the income statement, with the loss of mark to market via equity for these investments. Additionally, changes in the allowable method for determining the fair value of financial instruments in the financial statement footnotes (“exit price” only) will likely require changes to current methodologies of determining these vales, and how they are disclosed in the financial statement footnotes. The new standard applies to public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements, including potential changes to the Company’s note disclosure of the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities, and does not expect to early adopt the standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The guidance in this update is meant to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The core principle of Topic 842 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. All leases create an asset and a liability for the lessee in accordance with FASB Concepts Statement No. 6, Elements of Financial Statements, and, therefore, recognition of those lease assets and lease liabilities represents an improvement over previous GAAP, which did not require lease assets and lease liabilities to be recognized for most leases. Disclosures are required by lessees and lessors to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. To meet that objective, qualitative disclosures along with specific quantitative disclosures are required. The new standard applies to public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company has several lease agreements, such as branch locations, which are currently considered operating leases, and therefore not recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company expects the new guidance will require these lease agreements to now be recognized on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use assets and a corresponding lease liability. However, the Company continues to evaluate the extent of the potential impact the new guidance will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the availability of outside vendor products to assist in the implementation, and does not expect to early adopt the standard.

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The guidance involves several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The new standard applies to public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all of the amendments in the same period. The amendments were effective January 1, 2017. The Company elected to account for forfeitures as they occur. The effect of this election and other amendments did not have an effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. It also modifies the impairment model
for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The amendment requires the use of a new model covering current expected credit losses (CECL), which will apply to: (1) financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, and (2) certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. Upon initial recognition of the exposure, the CECL model requires an entity to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). The estimate of expected credit losses (ECL) should consider historical information, current information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments. The new guidance also amends the current available for sale (AFS) security OTTI model for debt securities. The new model will require an estimate of ECL only when the fair value is below the amortized cost of the asset. The length of time the fair value of an AFS debt security has been below the amortized cost will no

longer impact the determination of whether a credit loss exists. As such, it is no longer an other-than-temporary model. Finally, the purchased financial assets with credit deterioration (PCD) model applies to purchased financial assets (measured at amortized cost or AFS) that have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. This represents a change from the scope of what are considered purchased credit-impaired assets under today’s model. Different than the accounting for originated or purchased assets that do not qualify as PCD, the initial estimate of expected credit losses for a PCD would be recognized through an allowance for loan and lease losses with an offset to the cost basis of the related financial asset at acquisition. The new standard applies to public business entities that are SEC filers in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and is expected to increase the allowance for loan losses upon adoption. The Company has formed a working group to evaluate the impact of the standard’s adoption on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, including viewing demonstrations of the capabilities of outside vendor software systems, and evaluation of the ability of these systems to meet the processing necessary to support the data collection and retention requirements of the Company in implementation of the new standard.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The new guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. All other goodwill impairment guidance will remain largely unchanged. The update applies to public business entities that are SEC filers in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company early adopted this amendment during the second quarter of 2017, and adoption did not have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-08, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20) - Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. The new guidance requires that the premium amortization period on non-contingently callable securities, end at the earliest call date, rather than the contractual maturity date. The shorter amortization period means that interest income would generally be lower in the periods before the earliest call date and higher thereafter (if the security is not called) compared to current GAAP. The update applies to public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The Company adopted this update during the second quarter of 2017. Since the Company was already amortizing premiums on callable investment securities between the date of purchase and the first call date, there was no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

15.16.    Subsequent Events
Management evaluated subsequent events through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued. Events or transactions occurring after June 30, 20172018, but prior to the date the consolidated financial statements were issued, that provided additional evidence about conditions that existed at June 30, 20172018 have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018. Events or transactions that provided evidence about conditions that did not exist at June 30, 20172018, but arose before the consolidated financial statements were issued, have not been recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018.
In late July 2018, the Company recorded a writedown of approximately $0.5 million due to classifying a former branch facility as held for sale.
On July 14, 201717, 2018, the board of directors of the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.170.195 per share payable on September 15, 201717, 2018 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on September 1, 20172018.
On July 14, 2017, MidWestOne Bank (the “Bank”), entered into an agreement with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) that terminated all of the Bank's loss sharing agreements related to the former Central Bank's six FDIC-assisted acquisitions from 2009 through 2011.
The agreement required the Bank to pay $0.3 million to the FDIC to settle all outstanding items related to the terminated loss sharing agreements. As a result of entering into the agreement, assets that were covered by the terminated loss sharing agreements, including covered loans in the amount of $27.2 million on June 30, 2017, have been reclassified as non-covered assets, effective July 14, 2017.
Accordingly, in the third quarter of 2017, the Company expects to realize a one-time pre-tax gain of approximately $0.2 million, inclusive of the write-off of the remaining indemnification asset, other receivables from the FDIC and the Bank's clawback liabilities due to the FDIC. The termination of the loss sharing agreements will not impact the yields for the loans that were previously covered under this agreement and is not expected to impact the allowance for loan losses. All

future recoveries, gains, losses and expenses related to these previously covered assets will now be recognized entirely by the Bank since the FDIC will no longer be sharing in such gains or losses. Accordingly, the Company's future earnings will be positively impacted to the extent the Company recognizes gains on any sales or recoveries in excess of the carrying value of such assets. Similarly, the Company's future earnings will be negatively impacted to the extent the Company recognizes expenses, losses or charge-offs related to such assets.


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.


OVERVIEW
The Company provides financial services to individuals, businesses, governmental units and institutional customers located primarily in the upper Midwest through its bank subsidiary, MidWestOne Bank. The Bank has office locations in central and east-central Iowa, the Twin Cities area of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Florida, and Denver, Colorado. The Bank is actively engaged in many areas of commercial banking, including: acceptance of demand, savings and time deposits; making commercial, real estate, agricultural and consumer loans; and other banking services tailored for its individual customers. The Wealth Management Division of theBank administers estates, personal trusts, conservatorships, and pension and profit-sharing accounts along with providing brokerage and other investment management services to customers. MidWestOne Insurance Services, Inc., also a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, provides personal and business insurance services in Iowa. During the second quarter of 2018, the Company purchased a registered investment adviser in Denver, Colorado, which operates through the Bank.
We operate as an independent community bank that offers a broad range of customer-focused financial services as an alternative to large regional banks in our market areas. Management has invested in infrastructure and staffing to support our strategy of serving the financial needs of businesses, individuals and municipalities in our market areas. We focus our efforts on core deposit generation, especially transaction accounts, and quality loan growth with an emphasis on growing commercial loan balances. We seek to maintain a disciplined pricing strategy on deposit generation that will allow us to compete for high quality loans while maintaining an appropriate spread over funding costs.
Our results of operations depend primarily on our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income on our earninginterest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest expense paid on our deposits and borrowings. Results of operations are also affected by non-interest income and expense, the provision for loan losses and income tax expense. Significant external factors that impact our results of operations include general economic and competitive conditions, as well as changes in market interest rates, government policies, and actions of regulatory authorities.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and the statistical information and financial data appearing in this report as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017. Results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 are not necessarily indicative of results to be attained for any other period.
Critical Accounting Policies
Critical accounting estimates are those which are both most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations, and require our management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Our critical accounting estimates relate to the allowance for loan losses, application of purchase accounting, goodwill and intangible assets, and fair value of available for sale investment securities, all of which involve significant judgment by our management. Information about our critical accounting estimates is included under Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 20172018 and June 30, 20162017
Summary
For the quarter ended June 30, 2017,2018, we earned net income of $7.2$8.2 million, which was an increase of $2.5$1.0 million from $4.8$7.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2016.2017. The increase in net income was due primarily to decreaseda $1.0 million, or 32.0%, decrease in income tax expense, stemming from the reduction in the maximum corporate federal income tax rate to 21% for 2018 compared to 35% for 2017, a $0.4 million, or 1.5%, increase in net interest income, due primarily to a $1.8 million increase in interest and fees on loans, and an increase of $0.1 million, or 1.9%, in noninterest income. These increases were partially offset by an increase of $0.6 million, or 2.8%, in noninterest expense, during the three months ended June 30, 2017 compareddue primarily to the three months ended June 30, 2016.increased salaries and employee benefits of $0.4 million, or 3.7%. Both basic and diluted earnings per common share for the second quarter of 20172018 were $0.59, versus $0.42 for both$0.67, versus $0.59 for the second quarter of 2016.2017. Our annualized return on average assets for the second quarter of 20172018 was 1.01% compared with 0.95% compared with 0.64%forfor the same period in 2016.2017. Our annualized return on average shareholders’ equity was 9.55% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared with 8.58% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared with 6.31% for the three months ended June 30, 2016.2017. The annualized return on average tangible equity was 11.86%12.91% for the second quarter of 20172018 compared with 9.67%11.86% for the same period in 2016.

2017.
The following table presents selected financial results and measures as of and for the quarters ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017.
As of and for the Three Months Ended June 30,As of and for the Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)2017 2016
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)2018 2017
Net Income$7,234
 $4,755
$8,156
 $7,234
Average Assets3,056,740
 2,984,900
3,246,302
 3,056,740
Average Shareholders’ Equity338,362
 303,319
342,712
 338,362
Return on Average Assets*0.95% 0.64%1.01% 0.95%
Return on Average Shareholders’ Equity*8.58
 6.31
9.55
 8.58
Return on Average Tangible Equity*(1)11.86
 9.67
12.91
 11.86
Total Equity to Assets (end of period)11.09
 10.17
10.57
 11.09
Tangible Equity to Tangible Assets (end of period)(1)8.86
 7.77
8.48
 8.86
Tangible Book Value per Share(1)$21.86
 $19.88
$22.22
 $21.86
* Annualized      
(1) A non-GAAP financial measure. See below for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalents.(1) A non-GAAP financial measure. See below for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalents.
We have traditionally disclosed certain non-GAAP ratios, including our return on average tangible equity and the ratio of our tangible equity to tangible assets, as well as diluted earnings per common share exclusive of merger-related expenses, adjusted noninterest income as a percentage of total revenue, and tangible book value per share. We believe these ratiosfinancial measures provide investors with information regarding our financial condition and results of operations and how we evaluate them internally.

internally, such as presenting how management tracks adjusted noninterest income as a percentage of total revenue against its goal of 25%.
The following tables provide a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP equivalents.
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)2017 2016
Net Income:   
Net income$7,234
 $4,755
Plus: Intangible amortization, net of tax (1)
523
 660
Adjusted net income$7,757
 $5,415
Average Tangible Equity:   
Average total shareholders’ equity$338,362
 $303,319
Less: Average intangibles, net of amortization(78,554) (82,268)
Plus: Average deferred tax liability associated with intangibles2,581
 4,098
Average tangible equity$262,389
 $225,149
Return on Average Tangible Equity (annualized)11.86% 9.67%
Net Income:   
Net income$7,234
 $4,755
Plus: Merger-related expenses
 1,799
Net tax effect of merger-related expenses(2)

 (670)
Net income exclusive of merger-related expenses$7,234
 $5,884
Diluted average number of shares12,219,238
 11,453,831
Earnings Per Common Share-Diluted$0.59
 $0.42
Earnings Per Common Share-Diluted, exclusive of merger-related expenses$0.59
 $0.51
(1) Computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 35%.   
(2) Computed based on qualifying tax deductible expenses, assuming a federal income tax rate of 35%.   
Adjusted Noninterest Income:   
Noninterest income$5,383
 $5,595
Less: Gain on sale of available for sale securities(20) (223)
(Gain) loss on sale of premises and equipment(8) 40
Other gain(37) (124)
Adjusted noninterest income$5,318
 $5,288
Total Revenue:   
Net interest income$26,191
 $24,940
Plus: Noninterest income5,383
 5,595
Less: Gain on sale of available for sale securities(20) (223)
(Gain) loss on sale of premises and equipment(8) 40
Other gain(37) (124)
Total Revenue$31,509
 $30,228
Adjusted Noninterest Income as a Percentage of Total Revenue16.9% 17.5%
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)2018 2017
Net Income:   
Net income$8,156
 $7,234
Plus: Intangible amortization, net of tax (1)
465
 523
Adjusted net income$8,621
 $7,757
Average Tangible Equity:   
Average total shareholders’ equity$342,712
 $338,362
Plus: Average deferred tax liability associated with intangibles996
 2,581
Less: Average intangibles, net of amortization(75,780) (78,554)
Average tangible equity$267,928
 $262,389
Return on Average Tangible Equity (annualized)12.91% 11.86%
(1) Computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35%. for 2017.   


 As of June 30,
(dollars in thousands)2017 2016
Tangible Equity:   
Total shareholders’ equity$342,872
 $305,195
Plus: Deferred tax liability associated with intangibles2,432
 3,860
Less: Intangible assets, net(78,172) (81,719)
Tangible equity$267,132
 $227,336
Tangible Assets:   
Total assets$3,091,045
 $3,002,194
Plus: Deferred tax liability associated with intangibles2,432
 3,860
Less: Intangible assets, net(78,172) (81,719)
Tangible assets$3,015,305
 $2,924,335
Common shares outstanding12,218,528
 11,435,860
Tangible Book Value Per Share$21.86
 $19.88
Tangible Equity/Tangible Assets8.86% 7.77%
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)2018 2017
Adjusted Noninterest Income:   
Noninterest income$5,487
 $5,383
Less: Gain on sale of debt securities available for sale
 (20)
Loss on sale of held to maturity debt securities4
 
Loss (gain) on sale of premises and equipment17
 (8)
Other (gain) loss72
 (37)
Adjusted noninterest income$5,580
 $5,318
Total Revenue:   
Net interest income$26,581
 $26,191
Plus: Noninterest income5,487
 5,383
Less: Gain on sale of debt securities available for sale
 (20)
Loss on sale of held to maturity debt securities4
 
Loss (gain) on sale of premises and equipment17
 (8)
Other (gain) loss72
 (37)
Total Revenue$32,161
 $31,509
Adjusted Noninterest Income as a Percentage of Total Revenue(1)
17.4% 16.9%
(1) This measure tracks management’s strategic goal for this measure to be at 25%.   
 As of June 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)2018 2017
Tangible Equity:   
Total shareholders’ equity$346,201
 $342,872
Plus: Deferred tax liability associated with intangibles924
 2,432
Less: Intangible assets, net(75,579) (78,172)
Tangible equity$271,546
 $267,132
Tangible Assets:   
Total assets$3,276,277
 $3,091,045
Plus: Deferred tax liability associated with intangibles924
 2,432
Less: Intangible assets, net(75,579) (78,172)
Tangible assets$3,201,622
 $3,015,305
Common shares outstanding12,221,107
 12,218,528
Tangible Book Value Per Share$22.22
 $21.86
Tangible Equity/Tangible Assets8.48% 8.86%
 
Net Interest Income
Net interest income is the difference between interest income and fees earned on earninginterest-earning assets and interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest rate levels and volume fluctuations within earninginterest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities impact net interest income. Net interest margin is net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets.
Certain assets with tax favorable treatment are evaluated on a tax-equivalent basis. Tax-equivalent basis assumes a federal income tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35%. Tax favorable for 2017. Tax-favorable assets generally have lower contractual yields than fully taxable assets. A tax-equivalent analysis is performed by adding the tax savings to the earnings on tax-favorable assets. After factoring in the tax-favorable effects of these assets, the yields may be more appropriately evaluated against alternative earning assets. In addition to yield, various other risks are factored into the evaluation process.
Net interest income of $26.6 million for the second quarter of 2018 was up $0.4 million, or 1.5%, from $26.2 million for the second quarter of 2017, increased $1.3 million, or 5.0%, from $24.9 million for the second quarter of 2016, primarily due to an increase of $1.8$2.1 million, or 6.5%7.1%, in interest income. An increaseA 6 basis point decrease in the merger-related discount accretion of $0.6 million, to $1.3 million for the second quarter of 2017 compared to $0.7 million for the second quarter of 2016, partiallyloan yield was more than offset by a decrease$171.4 million increase in average loan balances resulted inbetween the two periods. Merger-related discount accretion saw a decrease of $0.5 million to $0.8 million for the second quarter of 2018, with loan interest income increasing $1.0$1.8 million, or 4.1%7.2%, to $25.7$27.5 million for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to the second quarter of 2016.2017. Income from investment securities was $4.5 million for the second quarter of 2018, up from $4.2 million for the second quarter of 2017, up from $3.3 million for the second quarter of 2016, which resulted from an increase of $134.5$13.0 million in the average balance, partially offset by a decrease of 1015 basis points in the tax equivalent yield of investment securities between the two comparable periods.

Interest expense increased $0.6$1.7 million, or 18.2%47.2%, to $3.7$5.4 million for the second quarter of 2017,2018, compared to $3.1$3.7 million for the same period in 20162017, primarily due to an increase in the cost of interest-bearing deposits of 919 basis points on increased average balances of $91.8 million between the second quarter of 2017 and the same period in 2016. The merger-related amortization of the purchase accounting premium on certificates of deposit, which acts to reduce interest expense, declined from $0.3 million for the second quarter of 2016, to zero for the same period of 2017. Additionally, the average balance of Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) borrowings decreased, partially offset by an increase in the average rate paid, resulting in $0.1balance of interest-bearing deposits of $128.8 million of reduced expense between the comparabletwo periods. Interest expense on borrowed funds was $1.4 million for the second quarter of 2018, up from $0.8 million for the second quarter of 2017, an increase of $0.6 million, or 68.9%. This increase resulted from an increase of 38 basis points in cost, combined with a higher average balance of borrowed funds of $277.0 million for the second quarter of 2018 compared to $203.2 million for the same period last year, an increase of $73.8 million, or 36.3%, between the comparative periods.
Our net interest margin for the second quarter of 2017,2018, calculated on a fully tax-equivalent basis, was 3.91%3.65%, or 826 basis points higherlower than the net interest margin of 3.83%3.91% for the second quarter of 2016. A higher2017. The yield received on loans combined with higher discount accretion resulted in a 19decreased 6 basis point increase in overall loan yield. This increase was partially offset by a 10 basis point decrease inpoints and the yield on investment securities decreased by 15 basis points, primarily due to the reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate, resulting in higherthe yield on interest-earning assets for the second quarter of 20172018 being 6 basis points lower compared to the second quarter of 2016.2017. The cost of deposits increased 919 basis points, primarily due primarily to the absence of purchase premium amortization in 2017,increased market interest rates, while the average cost of borrowings edgedwas higher by 638 basis points.points for the second quarter of 2018, compared to the second quarter of 2017, reflecting the increasing interest rate environment. We expect further net interest margin compression pressure in the future.

The following table shows consolidated average balance sheets, detailing the major categories of assets and liabilities, the interest income earned on earninginterest-earning assets, the interest expense paid for interest-bearing liabilities, and the related yields and interest rates for the quarters ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, reported on a fully tax-equivalent basis assuming a 21% tax rate for 2018 and 2016.a 35% tax rate for 2017. Dividing annualized income or expense by the average balances of assets or liabilities results in average yields or rates.costs. Average information is provided on a daily average basis.
Three Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate/
Yield
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate/
Yield
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate/
Yield
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate/
Yield
(dollars in thousands)                      
Average Earning Assets:                      
Loans (1)(2)(3)
$2,165,776
 $26,052
 4.82% $2,176,693
 $25,058
 4.63%$2,337,216
 $27,744
 4.76% $2,165,776
 $26,052
 4.82%
Investment securities:                      
Taxable investments421,255
 2,590
 2.47
 318,253
 1,912
 2.42
438,569
 2,940
 2.69
 421,255
 2,590
 2.47
Tax exempt investments (2)
219,818
 2,428
 4.43
 188,370
 2,170
 4.63
215,461
 1,929
 3.59
 219,818
 2,428
 4.43
Total investment securities641,073
 5,018
 3.14
 506,623
 4,082
 3.24
654,030
 4,869
 2.99
 641,073
 5,018
 3.14
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing balances10,388
 27
 1.04
 52,517
 71
 0.54
4,271
 19
 1.78
 10,388
 27
 1.04
Total interest-earning assets$2,817,237
 $31,097
 4.43% $2,735,833
 $29,211
 4.29%$2,995,517
 $32,632
 4.37% $2,817,237
 $31,097
 4.43%
                      
Cash and due from banks34,992
     38,596
    35,761
     34,992
    
Premises and equipment74,944
     76,558
    78,013
     74,944
    
Allowance for loan losses(22,567)     (20,741)    (30,193)     (22,567)    
Other assets152,134
     154,654
    167,204
     152,134
    
Total assets$3,056,740
     $2,984,900
    $3,246,302
     $3,056,740
    
                      
Average Interest-Bearing Liabilities:                      
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits$1,337,921
 $963
 0.29% $1,280,530
 $836
 0.26%$1,431,642
 $1,354
 0.38% $1,337,921
 $963
 0.29%
Certificates of deposit686,238
 1,881
 1.01
 651,824
 1,438
 0.89
721,293
 2,655
 1.48
 686,238
 1,881
 1.01
Total deposits2,024,159
 2,844
 0.56
 1,932,354
 2,274
 0.47
2,152,935
 4,009
 0.75
 2,024,159
 2,844
 0.56
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements70,878
 59
 0.33
 58,475
 32
 0.22
109,752
 355
 1.30
 70,878
 59
 0.33
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings91,044
 404
 1.78
 107,385
 467
 1.75
130,967
 615
 1.88
 91,044
 404
 1.78
Long-term debt and other41,318
 356
 3.46
 46,488
 325
 2.81
36,321
 413
 4.56
 41,318
 356
 3.46
Total borrowed funds203,240
 819
 1.62
 212,348
 824
 1.56
277,040
 1,383
 2.00
 203,240
 819
 1.62
Total interest-bearing liabilities$2,227,399
 $3,663
 0.66% $2,144,702
 $3,098
 0.58%$2,429,975
 $5,392
 0.89% $2,227,399
 $3,663
 0.66%
                      
Net interest spread(2)
    3.77%     3.71%    3.48%     3.77%
                      
Demand deposits470,774
     519,059
    454,659
     470,774
    
Other liabilities20,205
     17,820
    18,956
     20,205
    
Shareholders’ equity338,362
     303,319
    342,712
     338,362
    
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$3,056,740
     $2,984,900
    $3,246,302
     $3,056,740
    
                      
Interest income/earning assets (2)
$2,817,237
 $31,097
 4.43% $2,735,833
 $29,211
 4.29%$2,995,517
 $32,632
 4.37% $2,817,237
 $31,097
 4.43%
Interest expense/earning assets$2,817,237
 $3,663
 0.52% $2,735,833
 $3,098
 0.46%$2,995,517
 $5,392
 0.72% $2,817,237
 $3,663
 0.52%
Net interest margin (2)(4)
  $27,434
 3.91%   $26,113
 3.83%  $27,240
 3.65%   $27,434
 3.91%
                      
Non-GAAP to GAAP Reconciliation:                      
Tax Equivalent Adjustment:                      
Loans  $402
     $423
    $258
     $402
  
Securities  841
     750
    401
     841
  
Total tax equivalent adjustment  1,243
     1,173
    659
     1,243
  
Net Interest Income  $26,191
     $24,940
    $26,581
     $26,191
  
 (1)Loan fees included in interest income are not material.
 (2)Computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35%. for 2017.
 (3)Non-accrual loans have been included in average loans, net of unearned discount.
 (4)Net interest margin is tax-equivalent net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets.

The following table sets forth an analysis of volume and rate changes in interest income and interest expense on our average earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities during the three months ended June 30, 2017,2018, compared to the same period in 2016,2017, reported on a fully tax-equivalent basis assuming a 21% federal tax rate for 2018 and a 35% federal tax rate.rate for 2017. The table distinguishes between the changes related to average outstanding balances (changes in volume holding the initial interest rate constant) and the changes related to average interest rates (changes in average rate holding the initial outstanding balance constant). The change in interest due to both volume and rate has been allocated to volume and rate changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.
Three Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,
2017 Compared to 2016 Change due to2018 Compared to 2017 Change due to
Volume Rate/Yield NetVolume Rate/Yield Net
(in thousands)          
Increase (decrease) in interest income:          
Loans, tax equivalent$(793) $1,787
 $994
$3,708
 $(2,016) $1,692
Investment securities:          
Taxable investments637
 41
 678
111
 239
 350
Tax exempt investments804
 (546) 258
(47) (452) (499)
Total investment securities1,441
 (505) 936
64
 (213) (149)
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing balances(264) 220
 (44)(73) 65
 (8)
Change in interest income384
 1,502
 1,886
3,699
 (2,164) 1,535
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:          
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits36
 91
 127
72
 319
 391
Certificates of deposit81
 362
 443
100
 674
 774
Total deposits117
 453
 570
172
 993
 1,165
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements8
 19
 27
47
 249
 296
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings(115) 52
 (63)187
 24
 211
Other long-term debt(186) 217
 31
(235) 292
 57
Total borrowed funds(293) 288
 (5)(1) 565
 564
Change in interest expense(176) 741
 565
171
 1,558
 1,729
Increase in net interest income$560
 $761
 $1,321
$3,528
 $(3,722) $(194)
Percentage decrease in net interest income over prior period    5.1%
Percentage change in net interest income over prior period    (0.7)%
Interest income and fees on loans on a tax-equivalent basis in the second quarter of 20172018 increased $1.0$1.7 million, or 4.0%6.5%, compared with the same period in 2016.2017. This increase includes the effect of the merger-related discount accretion of $1.3$0.8 million on loans for the second quarter of 20172018 compared to $0.7$1.3 million of merger-related discount accretion for the second quarter of 2016.2017. Average loans were $10.9$171.4 million, or 0.5%7.9%, lowerhigher in the second quarter of 20172018 compared with the second quarter of 2016,2017, primarily resulting from new loan originations exceeding loan payments and payoffs exceeding new loan demand early in the second quarter.payoffs. In addition to purchase accounting adjustments, the yield on our loan portfolio is affected by the amount of nonaccrual loans (which do not earn interest income), the mix of the portfolio (real estate loans generally have a lower overall yield than commercial and agricultural loans), the effects of competition and the interest rate environment on the amounts and volumes of new loan originations, and the mix of variable-rate versus fixed-rate loans in our portfolio. The increase in interest income on loans was primarily the result of the increase in average balance of loans between the second quarter of 2018 and the comparative period in 2017. The effects of this increase were partially offset by a increasedecrease in the average yield on loans from 4.63% in the second quarter of 2016 to 4.82% in the second quarter of 2017 to 4.76% in the second quarter of 2018, which was primarily attributable to a decrease in purchase accounting adjustments and the generalreduction in the federal income tax rate. Despite the increase in overall interest rates, partially offset bywe expect the lower average balancesyield on new and renewing loans to remain relatively flat in the loan portfolio.markets we serve due to competitive pressures for quality credits.
Interest income on investment securities on a tax-equivalent basis totaled $5.0$4.9 million in the second quarter of 20172018 compared with $4.1$5.0 million for the same period of 2016, including $0.1 million of purchase accounting premium amortization expense in both the 2015 and 2016 periods.2017. The tax-equivalent yield on our investment portfolio in the second quarter of 20172018 decreased to 3.14%2.99% from 3.24%3.14% in the comparable period of 2016.2017, primarily due to the impact of the reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018. The average balance of investments in the second quarter of 20172018 was $641.1$654.0 million compared with $506.6 million in the second quarter of 2016, an increase of $134.5 million, or 26.5%. The increase in average balance resulted primarily from redeployment of excess cash held in the second quarter of 2016 and the investment of the proceeds from the sale of newly issued common stock at the end of the first quarter and beginning of the second quarter of 2017.
Interest expense on deposits increased $0.6 million, or 25.1%, to $2.8$641.1 million in the second quarter of 2017, an increase of $13.0 million, or 2.0%.
Interest expense on deposits increased $1.2 million, or 41.0%, to $4.0 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared with$2.32.8 million in the same period of 2016.2017. The increased interest expense on deposits was primarily due to an increase of 919 basis points in the weighted average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits to 0.75% in the second quarter of 2018, compared with 0.56% in the second quarter of 2017, compared with 0.47% in the second quarter of 2016. This includes the effect of no merger-related premium amortization on certificates of deposit for

the second quarter of 2017 compared with $0.3 million for the same period in 2016. The premium amortization acted to decrease deposit interest expense.2017. An increase in average balances of interest-bearing deposits for the second quarter of 20172018 of $91.8 $128.8

million compared with the same period in 2016,2017, also contributed to increased expense.expense on deposits. We expect to see some upward movement in deposit rates in future periods, as overall interest rate increases begin to take hold in our market footprint.
Interest expense on borrowed funds of $0.8$1.4 million in the second quarter of 20172018 was unchangedan increase of $0.6 million, or 68.9%, from the$0.8 million in same period in 2016.of 2017. Average borrowed funds for the second quarter of 20172018 were $9.1$73.8 million lowerhigher compared with the same period in 2016.2017. A lowerhigher level of borrowed funds, primarily due to the $16.3$39.9 million decreaseincrease in the average level of FHLB borrowingborrowings combined with a $38.9 million increase in the average level of federal funds purchased, and repurchase agreements for the second quarter of 20172018, compared to the same period in 2016 ,2017, was offsetenhanced by an increase in the weighted average rate on borrowed funds to 2.00% for the second quarter of 2018 compared with 1.62% for the second quarter of 2017 compared with 1.56% for the second quarter of 2016, primarily reflecting the increased cost of all borrowing instruments.2017.
Provision for Loan Losses
The provision for loan losses is a current charge against income and represents an amount which management believes is sufficient to maintain an adequate allowance for known and probable losses in the loan portfolio. In assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, management considers the size and quality of the loan portfolio measured against prevailing economic conditions, regulatory guidelines, and historical loan loss experience. When a determination is made by management to charge off a loan balance, such write-off is charged against the allowance for loan losses.
We recorded a provision for loan losses of $1.2 million in the second quarter of 2017, an increase of $0.1 million, from $1.1 million in2018, approximately the same as for the second quarter of 2016.2017. Net loans charged off in the second quarter of 20172018 totaled $0.9$0.1 million, compared to $0.2$0.9 million net loans charged off in the second quarter of 2016.2017. The Company’s provision in the second quarter of 2018 increased the allowance for loan losses to total non-acquired loans ratio to 1.43% as of June 30, 2018 (See Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Financial Condition - Allowance for Loan Losses). We determinedetermined an appropriate provision based on our evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses in relationship to a continuing review of problem loans, current economic conditions, actual loss experience and industry trends. We believed that the allowance for loan losses was adequate based on the inherent risk in the portfolio as of June 30, 2017;2018; however, there is no assurance losses will not exceed the allowance, and any growth in the loan portfolio and the uncertainty of the general economy may require additional provisions in future periods as deemed necessary.periods.
Sensitive assets include nonaccrual loans, loans on the Bank’s watch loan reports and other loans identified as having higher potential for loss. We review sensitive assets on at least a quarterly basis for changes in the customers’ ability to pay and changes in the valuation of underlying collateral in order to estimate probable losses. We also periodically review a watch loan list which is comprised of loans that have been restructured or involve customers in industries which have been adversely affected by market conditions. The majority of these loans are being repaid in conformance with their contracts.
Noninterest Income
Three Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 $ Change % Change2018 2017 $ Change % Change
(dollars in thousands)              
Trust, investment, and insurance fees$1,528
 $1,440
 $88
 6.1 %$1,537
 $1,528
 $9
 0.6 %
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts1,257
 1,283
 (26) (2.0)1,158
 1,257
 (99) (7.9)
Loan origination and servicing fees718
 855
 (137) (16.0)906
 718
 188
 26.2
Other service charges and fees1,497
 1,378
 119
 8.6
1,582
 1,497
 85
 5.7
Bank-owned life insurance income318
 332
 (14) (4.2)397
 318
 79
 24.8
Gain on sale or call of available for sale securities20
 223
 (203) (91.0)
Gain on sale or call of debt securities available for sale
 20
 (20) NM      
Loss on sale or call of debt securities held to maturity(4) 
 (4) NM      
Gain (loss) on sale of premises and equipment8
 (40) 48
 (120.0)(17) 8
 (25) (312.5)
Other gain37
 124
 (87) (70.2)
Other gain (loss)(72) 37
 (109) (294.6)
Total noninterest income$5,383
 $5,595
 $(212) (3.8)%$5,487
 $5,383
 $104
 1.9 %
Noninterest income as a % of total revenue*16.9% 17.5%    17.4% 16.9%    
NM - Percentage change not considered meaningful.       
* See the non-GAAP reconciliation at the beginning of this section for the reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
Total noninterest income for the the second quarter of 2017 decreased $0.22018 increased $0.1 million, or 3.8%1.9%, to $5.4$5.5 million from $5.6$5.4 million in the second quarter of 2016.2017. The greatest decreaseincrease was in gain on sale of available for sale securities, which decreased $0.2 million to a small gain for the second quarter of 2017, compared to a $0.2 million gain for the second quarter of 2016. Loanloan origination and servicing fees, decreased $0.1which increased $0.2 million, or 16.0%26.2%, from $0.8 million for the second quarter of 2016 to $0.7 million for the second quarter of 2017.2017 to $0.9 million for the second quarter of 2018. This decreaseincrease was primarily due to an increase in SBA loan sale premiums earned in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, partially offset by a decreasedlower level of loans originated and sold on the secondary market in the second quarter of 20172018 compared to the second

quarter of 2016,2017, a result of the general decrease in mortgage activity in ourthe Company’s markets. Other gain decreasedservice charges and fees increased $0.1 million, or 70.2%5.7%, to $1.6 million in the second quarter of 2018 from $1.5 million in the second quarter of 2017, primarily due to $0.1 million in origination fees on derivatives in the second quarter of 2018, compared to none in the same period last year. Bank-owned life insurance income increased $0.1 million, or 24.8%, due to the purchase of an additional $11.2 million of insurance in the fourth quarter of 2017. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in other gain (loss) of $0.1 million between the second quarter of 20172018 and the second quarter of 2016 comparable periods,2017, due primarily to lower gainsincreased losses on the sale of other real estate owned. Other gain (loss) represents gains and losses on the

sale of branch banking offices, other real estate owned, derivatives, and other assets. These decreases were partially offset by increases in other serviceassets, and the mark-to-market of equity securities. Service charges and fees which increasedon deposit accounts decreased $0.1 million, or 8.6%7.9%, from $1.4to $1.2 million infor the second quarter of 20162018, compared to $1.5$1.3 million for the second quarter of 2017, and a $0.1 million, or 6.1%, increase in trust, investment and insurance fees.primarily due to decreased service charges on deposit accounts.
Management’s strategic goal is for noninterest income to constitute 25% of total revenues (net interest income plus noninterest income excluding gain/loss on securities and premises and equipment and impairment of investment securities) over time. For the three months ended June 30, 2017,2018, noninterest income comprised 16.9%17.4% of total revenues, compared with 17.5%16.9% for the same period in 2016. Management2017. Despite recent downward trends in this ratio, management expects to see gradual improvement in this ratio in future periods due to the implementation of new management strategies in the origination of residential real estate loans.
Noninterest Expense
Three Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 $ Change % Change2018 2017 $ Change % Change
(dollars in thousands)              
Salaries and employee benefits$11,789
 $13,321
 $(1,532) (11.5)%$12,225
 $11,789
 $436
 3.7 %
Net occupancy and equipment expense3,033
 3,326
 (293) (8.8)3,238
 3,033
 205
 6.8
Professional fees1,036
 1,221
 (185) (15.2)959
 1,036
 (77) (7.4)
Data processing expense548
 809
 (261) (32.3)691
 548
 143
 26.1
FDIC insurance expense352
 398
 (46) (11.6)392
 352
 40
 11.4
Amortization of intangible assets804
 1,015
 (211) (20.8)589
 804
 (215) (26.7)
Other operating expense2,402
 2,725
 (323) (11.9)2,437
 2,402
 35
 1.5
Total noninterest expense$19,964
 $22,815
 $(2,851) (12.5)%$20,531
 $19,964
 $567
 2.8 %
Noninterest expense for the second quarter of 2017 was $20.0 million, a decrease of $2.9 million, or 12.5%, from the second quarter of 2016, with all expense line items showing a decrease from the comparative period. The total decrease2018 was primarily due to the absence$20.5 million, an increase of merger related expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, compared to $1.8 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2016 relating to the merger of Central Bank into MidWestOne Bank. Salaries and employee benefits decreased $1.5$0.6 million, or 11.5%2.8%, from $13.3$20.0 million for the second quarter of 2016 to2017. Salaries and employee benefits increased $0.4 million, or 3.7%, from $11.8 million for the second quarter of 2017 to $12.2 million for the second quarter of 2018, primarily due to normal annual salary and personnel adjustments. Occupancy and equipment expense, net, increased $0.2 million, or 6.8%, to $3.2 million for the decrease in merger-related severance expensessecond quarter of $1.3 million. Other operating expense2018 compared to $3.0 million for the second quarter of 2017, decreased $0.3due primarily to increased software licensing expenses. In addition, data processing expense rose $0.1 million, or 11.9%26.1%, compared withto $0.7 million for the second quarter of 2016, primarily2018, compared to $0.5 million for the second quarter of 2017, due mainly to lower advertising expenses.higher financial services technology costs. Partially offsetting these increases, amortization of intangible asset expense decreased $0.2 million, or 26.7%, and professional fees decreased $0.1 million, or 7.4%, for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2017.
Income Tax Expense
Our effective income tax rate, or income taxes divided by income before taxes, was 20.7% for the second quarter of 2018, which was lower than the effective tax rate of 30.2% for the second quarter of 2017, which was higher than the effective tax rate of 27.4% for the second quarter of 2016.2017. Income tax expense was $3.1$2.1 million in the second quarter of 20172018 compared to $1.8$3.1 million for the same period of 2016.2017. The primary reason for the increasedecrease in income tax expense was the increasereduction in the levelmaximum corporate federal income tax rate to 21% for 2018 compared to 35% for 2017 as a result of taxablethe Tax Act enacted by the U.S. government on December 22, 2017. We expect the reduction in the federal corporate income between the twotax rate to contribute to higher net income levels in future periods.


Comparison of Operating Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 20172018 and June 30, 20162017
Summary
For the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, we earned net income of $15.9 million, compared with $13.9 million compared with $10.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016,2017, an increase of 35.4%14.4%. The increase in net income was due primarily to decreasedincreased net interest income of $1.6 million, or 3.2%, for the first six months of 2018 compared with the same period of 2017. The Company also realized a $1.6 million decrease in income tax expense between the six months ended June 30, 2018 and the same period in 2017, primarily due to the reduction in the corporate federal income tax rate to 21% for 2018 compared to 35% for 2017. In addition, noninterest income increased $0.3 million, or 2.2% between the first six months of 2017 and the same period in 2018. These changes were partially offset by a $0.6 million, or 1.5%, increase in noninterest expense duringbetween the first half of 2017 compared to the first half of 2016.comparative six month periods. Basic and

diluted earnings per common share for the first six months of 20172018 were $1.31 and $1.30, respectively, compared with $1.18 and $1.17, respectively, compared with $0.90 for both for the second quarterfirst six months of 2016.2017. Our annualized return on average assets for the first six months of 20172018 was 0.92%1.00% compared with 0.69%0.92% for the same period in 20162017. Our annualized return on average shareholders’ equity was 9.41% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 versus 8.70% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 versus 6.88% for the six months ended June 30, 2016.2017. The annualized return on average tangible equity was 12.25%12.81% for the first six months of 20172018 compared with 10.51%12.25% for the same period in 20162017.

The following table presents selected financial results and measures as of and for the six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017.
As of and for the Six Months Ended June 30,As of and for the Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)2017 20162018 2017
Net Income$13,947
 $10,299
$15,949
 $13,947
Average Assets3,058,069
 2,978,700
3,231,320
 3,058,069
Average Shareholders’ Equity323,423
 301,195
341,636
 323,423
Return on Average Assets*0.92% 0.69%1.00% 0.92%
Return on Average Shareholders’ Equity*8.70
 6.88
9.41
 8.70
Return on Average Tangible Equity*(1)12.25
 10.51
12.81
 12.25
Total Equity to Assets (end of period)11.09
 10.17
10.57
 11.09
Tangible Equity to Tangible Assets (end of period)(1)8.86
 7.77
8.48
 8.86
Tangible Book Value per Share(1)$21.86
 $19.88
$22.22
 $21.86
* Annualized      
(1) A non-GAAP financial measure. See below for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalents.(1) A non-GAAP financial measure. See below for a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalents.
We have traditionally disclosed certain non-GAAP ratios, including our return on average tangible equity and the ratio of our tangible equity to tangible assets, as well as diluted earnings per common share exclusive of merger-related expenses, adjusted noninterest income as a percentage of total revenue, and tangible book value per share. We believe these ratiosfinancial measures provide investors with information regarding our financial condition and results of operations and how we evaluate them internally.internally, such as presenting how management tracks adjusted noninterest income as a percentage of total revenue against its goal of 25%.
The following tables provide a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP equivalents.
For the Six Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)2017 2016
(dollars in thousands)2018 2017
Net Income:      
Net income$13,947
 $10,299
$15,949
 $13,947
Plus: Intangible amortization, net of tax (1)
1,074
 1,349
984
 1,074
Adjusted net income$15,021
 $11,648
$16,933
 $15,021
Average Tangible Equity:      
Average total shareholders’ equity$323,423
 $301,195
$341,636
 $323,423
Less: Average intangibles, net of amortization(78,958) (82,773)(76,065) (78,958)
Plus: Average deferred tax liability associated with intangibles2,740
 4,365
1,074
 2,740
Average tangible equity$247,205
 $222,787
$266,645
 $247,205
Return on Average Tangible Equity (annualized)12.25% 10.51%12.81% 12.25%
Net Income:   
Net income$13,947
 $10,299
Plus: Merger-related expenses
 3,980
Net tax effect of merger-related expenses(2)

 (1,493)
Net income exclusive of merger-related expenses$13,947
 $12,786
Diluted average number of shares11,878,315
 11,448,677
Earnings Per Common Share-Diluted$1.17
 $0.90
Earnings Per Common Share-Diluted, exclusive of merger-related expenses$1.17
 $1.12
(1) Computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 35%.   
(2) Computed based on qualifying tax deductible expenses, assuming a federal income tax rate of 35%.  
(1) Computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35%. for 2017.   

For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)2018 2017
Adjusted Noninterest Income:      
Noninterest income$10,920
 $12,000
$11,159
 $10,920
Less: Gain on sale of available for sale securities(20) (467)
Gain on sale of held to maturity securities(43) 
Less: Gain on sale of debt securities available for sale(9) (20)
(Gain) loss on sale of held to maturity debt securities4
 (43)
(Gain) loss on sale of premises and equipment(6) 251
18
 (6)
Other gain(50) (1,307)(30) (50)
Adjusted noninterest income$10,801
 $10,477
$11,142
 $10,801
Total Revenue:      
Net interest income$51,272
 $50,495
$52,894
 $51,272
Plus: Noninterest income10,920
 12,000
11,159
 10,920
Less: Gain on sale of available for sale securities(20) (467)
Gain on sale of held to maturity securities(43) 
Less: Gain on sale of debt securities available for sale(9) (20)
(Gain) loss on sale of held to maturity debt securities4
 (43)
(Gain) loss on sale of premises and equipment(6) 251
18
 (6)
Other gain loss(50) (1,307)
Other gain(30) (50)
Total Revenue$62,073
 $60,972
$64,036
 $62,073
Adjusted Noninterest Income as a Percentage of Total Revenue17.4% 17.2%
Adjusted Noninterest Income as a Percentage of Total Revenue(1)
17.4% 17.4%
(1) This measure tracks management’s strategic goal for this measure to be at 25%.   
As of June 30,As of June 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)2017 20162018 2017
Tangible Equity:      
Total shareholders’ equity$342,872
 $305,195
$346,201
 $342,872
Plus: Deferred tax liability associated with intangibles2,432
 3,860
924
 2,432
Less: Intangible assets, net(78,172) (81,719)(75,579) (78,172)
Tangible equity$267,132
 $227,336
$271,546
 $267,132
Tangible Assets:      
Total assets$3,091,045
 $3,002,194
$3,276,277
 $3,091,045
Plus: Deferred tax liability associated with intangibles2,432
 3,860
924
 2,432
Less: Intangible assets, net(78,172) (81,719)(75,579) (78,172)
Tangible assets$3,015,305
 $2,924,335
$3,201,622
 $3,015,305
Common shares outstanding12,218,528
 11,435,860
12,221,107
 12,218,528
Tangible Book Value Per Share$21.86
 $19.88
$22.22
 $21.86
Tangible Equity/Tangible Assets8.86% 7.77%8.48% 8.86%
 
Net Interest Income
Our net interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, was $51.3$52.9 million, up $0.8$1.6 million, or 1.5%3.2%, from $50.5$51.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016,2017, primarily due to an increase of $1.9$4.5 million, or 3.4%7.8%, in interest income. InterestLoan interest income on investment securities rose $1.8increased $4.1 million, or 26.4%8.3%, to $8.5$54.1 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared to the first six months of 20162017, primarily due to ana $157.8 million, or 7.3%, increase of $127.3 million in the average balance of loans between the comparativetwo periods. Loan interest income increased $0.2 million, or 0.4%, to $49.9 million for the first six months of 2017 compared to the first six months of 2016, primarily due to the 6in 2018 also benefited from a 1 basis point increase in average loan yield, between the two periods, which included the effect of an increasea decrease in the discount accretion, related to $1.7 million for the merger of the Company with Central,six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared2017. Interest income on investment securities rose $0.4 million, or 5.0%, to $1.9$8.9 million for the first six months ended June 30, 2016. The increased loan yield was partially offset byof 2018 compared to the first six months of 2017 primarily due to an $8.7increase of $6.9 million or 0.4%, decrease in the average balance of loans between the comparative periods. These income increases were partially offset by an increase of $1.1$2.9 million, or 18.6%40.9%, in interest expense, to $7.1$10.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, compared to $6.0$7.2 million for the first six months of 2016.2017. Interest expense on deposits increased $1.1$2.1 million, or 25.8%38.0%, to $7.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $4.3as the average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased $126.6 million, foror 6.3%, between the six months ended June 30, 2016, primarily due totwo periods, and the interest expenseaverage rate paid on deposits for the six months ended June 30, 2017 including no merger-related amortization of the purchase accounting premium on certificates of deposit, and the interest expense on deposits for the six months ended June 30, 2016 including $0.7 million in merger-related amortization.increased from 0.55% to 0.71%. Interest expense related to borrowings was essentially unchangedrose $0.8 million, or 50.4%, between the two periods.periods, primarily due to a 35 basis point increase in average rate for the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017.

The Company posted a net interest margin, calculated on a fully tax-equivalent basis, of 3.85%3.67% for the first six months of 2017,2018, down 418 basis points from the net interest margin of 3.89%3.85% for the same period in 2016. The2017. For the first six months of 2018 compared with the same period of 2017, a 1 basis point increase in tax equivalent loan yields and a higher volume of average loans, coupled with a 17 basis point tax equivalent yield decrease was primarily due toon a 27higher average balance of investment securities, resulted in an overall 1 basis point decrease in the yield on earning assets. On the liability side of the balance sheet, a 32 basis point increase in the cost of certificates of deposit was due primarily to the aforementioned decreaseincreasing interest rate environment. This, combined with an increase in deposit premium amortization, and wasthe cost of borrowed funds of 35 basis points, were the primary factorfactors in a 720 basis

point increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities. For the first six months of 2017 compared with the same period in 2016, a 6 basis point increase in loan yields and a higher volume of average investment securities, which generally have a lower yield compared to loans, resulted in a 3 basis point increase in the yield on earning assets.

The following table shows consolidated average balance sheets, detailing the major categories of assets and liabilities, the interest income earned on interest-earning assets, the interest expense paid for interest-bearing liabilities, and the related yields and interest rates for the six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017, reported on a fully tax-equivalent basis assuming a 21% tax rate for 2018 and a 35% tax rate for 2017. Dividing annualized income or expense by the average balances of assets or liabilities results in average yields or costs. Average information is provided on a daily average basis.
Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016Six Months Ended June 30,
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate/
Yield
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate/
Yield
2018 2017
(dollars in thousands)           
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate/
Yield
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate/
Yield
Average Earning Assets:                      
Loans (1)(2)(3)
$2,163,428
 $50,734
 4.73% $2,172,092
 $50,601
 4.67%$2,321,189
 $54,552
 4.74% $2,163,428
 $50,734
 4.73%
Investment securities:                      
Taxable investments430,765
 5,308
 2.48
 332,052
 3,836
 2.32
439,143
 5,828
 2.68
 430,765
 5,308
 2.48
Tax exempt investments (2)
217,519
 4,823
 4.47
 188,933
 4,367
 4.65
216,022
 3,859
 3.60
 217,519
 4,823
 4.47
Total investment securities648,284
 10,131
 3.15
 520,985
 8,203
 3.17
655,165
 9,687
 2.98
 648,284
 10,131
 3.15
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing balances6,504
 32
 0.99
 35,097
 79
 0.45
3,351
 27
 1.62
 6,504
 32
 0.99
Total interest-earning assets$2,818,216
 $60,897
 4.36% $2,728,174
 $58,883
 4.33%$2,979,705
 $64,266
 4.35% $2,818,216
 $60,897
 4.36%
                      
Cash and due from banks35,031
     38,047
    35,576
     35,031
    
Premises and equipment74,960
     76,431
    77,487
     74,960
    
Allowance for loan losses(22,408)     (20,295)    (29,472)     (22,408)    
Other assets152,270
     156,343
    168,024
     152,270
    
Total assets$3,058,069
     $2,978,700
    $3,231,320
     $3,058,069
    
                      
Average Interest-Bearing Liabilities:                      
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits$1,337,978
 $1,812
 0.27% $1,258,665
 $1,702
 0.27%$1,422,543
 $2,502
 0.35% $1,337,978
 $1,812
 0.27%
Certificates of deposit677,811
 3,657
 1.09
 648,515
 2,646
 0.82
719,811
 5,043
 1.41
 677,811
 3,657
 1.09
Total deposits2,015,789
 5,469
 0.55
 1,907,180
 4,348
 0.46
2,142,354
 7,545
 0.71
 2,015,789
 5,469
 0.55
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements80,018
 143
 0.36
 77,248
 110
 0.29
108,257
 614
 1.14
 80,018
 143
 0.36
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings101,022
 847
 1.69
 107,247
 918
 1.72
127,326
 1,132
 1.79
 101,022
 847
 1.69
Long-term debt and other41,938
 690
 3.32
 47,122
 652
 2.78
36,936
 780
 4.26
 41,938
 690
 3.32
Total borrowed funds222,978
 1,680
 1.52
 231,617
 1,680
 1.46
272,519
 2,526
 1.87
 222,978
 1,680
 1.52
Total interest-bearing liabilities$2,238,767
 $7,149
 0.64% $2,138,797
 $6,028
 0.57%$2,414,873
 $10,071
 0.84% $2,238,767
 $7,149
 0.64%
                      
Net interest spread(2)
    3.72%     3.76%    3.51%     3.72%
                      
Demand deposits475,702
     521,586
    455,825
     475,702
    
Other liabilities20,177
     17,122
    18,986
     20,177
    
Shareholders’ equity323,423
     301,195
    341,636
     323,423
    
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$3,058,069
     $2,978,700
    $3,231,320
     $3,058,069
    
                      
Interest income/earning assets (2)
$2,818,216
 $60,897
 4.36% $2,728,174
 $58,883
 4.33%$2,979,705
 $64,266
 4.35% $2,818,216
 $60,897
 4.36%
Interest expense/earning assets$2,818,216
 $7,149
 0.51% $2,728,174
 $6,028
 0.44%$2,979,705
 $10,071
 0.68% $2,818,216
 $7,149
 0.51%
Net interest margin (2)(4)
  $53,748
 3.85%   $52,855
 3.89%  $54,195
 3.67%   $53,748
 3.85%
                      
Non-GAAP to GAAP Reconciliation:                      
Tax Equivalent Adjustment:                      
Loans  $805
     $850
    $499
     $805
  
Securities  1,671
     1,510
    802
     1,671
  
Total tax equivalent adjustment  2,476
     2,360
    1,301
     2,476
  
Net Interest Income  $51,272
     $50,495
    $52,894
     $51,272
  
 (1)Loan fees included in interest income are not material.
 (2)Computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35%. for 2017.
 (3)Non-accrual loans have been included in average loans, net of unearned discount.
 (4)Net interest margin is tax-equivalent net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets.



The following table sets forth an analysis of volume and rate changes in interest income and interest expense on our average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities during the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, compared to the same period in 20162017, reported on a fully tax-equivalent basis assuming a 21% tax rate for 2018 and a 35% tax rate.rate for 2017. The table distinguishes between the changes related to average outstanding balances (changes in volume holding the initial interest rate constant) and the changes related to average interest rates (changes in average rate holding the initial outstanding balance constant). The change in interest due to both volume and rate has been allocated to volume and rate changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.
Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 Compared to 2016 Change due toSix Months Ended June 30,
Volume Rate/Yield Net2018 Compared to 2017 Change due to
(in thousands)     Volume Rate/Yield Net
Increase (decrease) in interest income:          
Loans, tax equivalent$(554) $687
 $133
$3,710
 $108
 $3,818
Investment securities:          
Taxable investments1,195
 277
 1,472
101
 419
 520
Tax exempt investments905
 (449) 456
(33) (931) (964)
Total investment securities2,100
 (172) 1,928
68
 (512) (444)
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing balances(172) 125
 (47)(38) 33
 (5)
Change in interest income1,374
 640
 2,014
3,740
 (371) 3,369
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:          
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits110
 
 110
121
 569
 690
Certificates of deposit122
 889
 1,011
242
 1,144
 1,386
Total deposits232
 889
 1,121
363
 1,713
 2,076
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements4
 29
 33
66
 405
 471
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings(55) (16) (71)232
 53
 285
Other long-term debt(170) 208
 38
(207) 297
 90
Total borrowed funds(221) 221
 
91
 755
 846
Change in interest expense11
 1,110
 1,121
454
 2,468
 2,922
Change in net interest income$1,363
 $(470) $893
$3,286
 $(2,839) $447
Percentage change in net interest income over prior period    1.7%    0.8%
Interest income and fees on loans on a tax-equivalent basis increased $0.1$3.8 million, or 0.3%7.5%, in the first six months of 20172018 compared to the same period in 2016.2017. This increase reflects the effect of the merger-related discount accretion for loans of $2.5$1.7 million in the first six months of 2017,2018, compared to $1.9$2.5 million of discount accretion in the first six months of 2016.2017. The increased income is mainly due to average loan balances increasing $157.8 million, or 7.3%, for the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, primarily resulting from loan originations exceeding loan payments and payoffs. In addition to the effects of this increase in volume, a 61 basis point increase in yield on loans, from 4.67%4.73% in the first six months of 20162017 to 4.73%4.74% in the same period of 2017.2018, also contributed to the increased loan income. The yield on our loan portfolio is affected by the amount of nonaccrual loans (which do not earn interest income), the mix of the portfolio (real estate loans generally have a lower overall yield than commercial and agricultural loans), the effects of competition and the interest rate environment on the amounts and volumes of new loan originations, and the mix of variable-rate versus fixed-rate loans in our portfolio. Average loan balances experienced a decrease of $8.7 million, or 0.4%, in the first six months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016, primarily resulting from loan payments and payoffs exceeding current period new loan demand. Despite the recent increase in overall interest rates, we expect the yield on new and renewing loans to remain relatively flat in the markets we serve due to competitive pressures for quality credits.
Interest income on investment securities on a tax-equivalent basis totaled $10.1$9.7 million in the first six months of 20172018 compared with $8.2$10.1 million for the same period of 2016, reflecting $0.1 million of purchase accounting premium amortization expense in the first six months of 2017, compared to $0.2 million of purchase accounting premium amortization in the first six months of 2016.2017. The tax-equivalent yield on our investment portfolio for the first six months of 20172018 decreased to 3.15%2.98% from 3.17%3.15% in the comparable period of 2016.2017, primarily due to the impact of the reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018. The average balance of investments in the first six months of 20172018 was $648.3$655.2 million compared with $521.0$648.3 million in the first six months of 2016,2017, an increase of $127.3$6.9 million, or 24.4%1.1%. The increase in average balance resulted primarily from investment of the proceeds from the sale of newly issued common stock at the end of the first quarter and beginning of the second quarter of 2017.
Interest expense on deposits was $5.5$7.6 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared with $4.3$5.5 million for the same period in 2016.2017. This increase was primarily due to the increase in general interest expense on deposits for the six months ended June 30, 2017 including no merger-related amortization of the purchase accounting premium on certificates of deposit and the six months ended June 30, 2016 interest on deposits including $0.7 million in merger-related amortization.rates. Additionally, average interest-bearing deposits for the first six months of 20172018 increased $108.6$126.6 million, or 5.7%6.3%, compared with the same period in 2016,2017, due primarily to an

increased focus by the Company on gathering new deposits. The weighted average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits was 0.71% for the first six months of 2018 compared with 0.55% for the first six months of 2017 compared with 0.46% for the first six months of 2016. This increase reflects the effect of no merger-related amortization of the purchase accounting premium on certificates of deposit for the first six months of 2017 compared with $0.7 million for the first six months of 2016.2017. We expect to see some upward movement in deposit rates in future periods, as overall interest rate increases begin to take hold in our market footprint.

Interest expense on borrowed funds in the first six months of 20172018 was $2.5 million, compared with $1.7 million unchanged fromfor the same period in 2016.2017, an increase of $0.8 million, or 50.4%. Average borrowed funds for the first six months of 20172018 were $8.6$49.5 million lowerhigher compared with the same period in 2016.2017. The decreaseincrease in the average level of FHLB borrowings of $6.2$26.3 million, or 5.8%26.0%, coupled with a $5.2 million, or 11.0%, decrease in long-term debt and junior subordinated notes, was partially offset by an increase in the average balance of federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements and other short-term borrowings of $2.8$28.2 million, or 3.6%35.3%, was partially offset by a $5.0 million, or 11.9%, decrease in long-term debt and junior subordinated notes, all for the first six months of 20172018 compared to the first six months of 2016.2017. The weighted average rate on borrowed funds for the first six months of 20172018 was 1.52%1.87%, an increase of 635 basis points from 1.46%1.52% for the first six months of 2016.2017.
Provision for Loan Losses
We recorded a provision for loan losses of $2.3$3.1 million in the first six months of 2017, marginally higher2018, compared to $2.2$2.3 million for the same period of 2017, an increase of $0.8 million, or 35.9%. This increase was primarily due to loan growth (excluding loans held for sale) of $77.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to a $32.4 million increase in 2016.loans for the same period in 2017, combined with some continued indicated weakness in the agricultural sector. The Company’s provision in the second quarter of 2018 increased the allowance for loan losses to total non-acquired loans ratio to 1.43% (See Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Financial Condition - Allowance for Loan Losses). Net loans charged off in the first six months of 20172018 totaled $1.6$0.4 million compared with $0.5$1.6 million in the first six months of 2016.2017.
Noninterest Income
Six Months Ended June 30,    
2017 2016 $ Change % ChangeSix Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)       2018 2017 $ Change % Change
Trust, investment, and insurance fees$3,140
 $2,938
 $202
 6.9 %$3,177
 $3,140
 $37
 1.2 %
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts2,540
 2,541
 (1) 
2,326
 2,540
 (214) (8.4)
Loan origination and servicing fees1,520
 1,474
 46
 3.1
1,847
 1,520
 327
 21.5
Other service charges and fees2,955
 2,808
 147
 5.2
2,962
 2,955
 7
 0.2
Bank-owned life insurance income646
 716
 (70) (9.8)830
 646
 184
 28.5
Gain on sale or call of available for sale securities20
 467
 (447) (95.7)
Gain on sale of held to maturity securities43
 
 43
 NM      
Gain on sale or call of debt securities available for sale9
 20
 (11) (55.0)
Gain (loss) on sale or call of debt securities held to maturity(4) 43
 (47) (109.3)
Gain (loss) on sale of premises and equipment6
 (251) 257
 (102.4)(18) 6
 (24) NM      
Other gain50
 1,307
 (1,257) (96.2)
Other gain (loss)30
 50
 (20) (40.0)
Total noninterest income$10,920
 $12,000
 $(1,080) (9.0)%$11,159
 $10,920
 $239
 2.2 %
Adjusted noninterest income as a % of total revenue*17.4% 17.2%    17.4% 17.4%    
NM - Percentage change not considered meaningful.              
* See the non-GAAP reconciliation at the beginning of this section for the reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
TotalIn the first six months of 2018 total noninterest income decreased $1.1increased $0.3 million, or 9.0%2.2%, to $10.9$11.2 million from $12.0$10.9 million during the same period of 2016.2017. This declineincrease was primarily due to loan origination and servicing fees, which increased $0.3 million, or 21.5%, between the comparative periods. This increase was primarily due to the $1.3recovery of interest and collection expenses on a charged-off loan in the amount of $0.2 million decrease in other gainsthe first quarter of 2018, partially offset by a lower level of loans originated and sold on the secondary market for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016. The first six months of 2016 included2018 compared to the first six months of 2017, a net gain on other real estate owned of $0.6 million and a net gain of $0.7 million on the saleresult of the Barron and Rice Lake, Wisconsin branch offices. Gains ongeneral decrease in mortgage activity in the sale of available for sale securities decreased $0.4Company’s markets. Bank-owned life insurance income increased $0.2 million between the comparative 20162017 and 2017 periods.2018 periods due to the purchase of an additional $11.2 million of insurance in the fourth quarter of 2017. These decreasesincreases were partially offset by a $0.3 million decline in loss on the sale of premises and equipment, and the increasedecrease of $0.2 million, or 6.9%8.4%, in trust, investment,service charges and insurance fees on deposit accounts to $3.1$2.3 million for the first six months of 20172018 compared with $2.9$2.5 million for the same period in 2016. Other2017 primarily due to decreased service charges on demand deposit and fees also increased $0.1 million, or 5.2%, to $2.9 million for the first six months of 2017, from $2.8 million for the same period in 2016.money market accounts.
Management’s strategic goal is for noninterest income to constitute 25% of total revenues (net interest income plus noninterest income excluding gain/loss on securities and premises and equipment and impairment of investment securities) over time. For the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, noninterest income comprised 17.4% of total revenues, compared with 17.2%17.4% for the same period in 2016. Management2017. Despite recent downward trends in this ratio, management expects to see continued gradual improvement in this ratio in future periods due to the implementation of new management strategies in the origination of residential real estate loans.

Noninterest Expense
Six Months Ended June 30,    
2017 2016 $ Change % ChangeSix Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)       2018 2017 $ Change % Change
Salaries and employee benefits$23,673
 $25,966
 $(2,293) (8.8)%$24,596
 $23,673
 $923
 3.9 %
Net occupancy and equipment expense6,337
 6,577
 (240) (3.6)6,489
 6,337
 152
 2.4
Professional fees2,058
 2,167
 (109) (5.0)1,753
 2,058
 (305) (14.8)
Data processing expense1,259
 3,382
 (2,123) (62.8)1,379
 1,259
 120
 9.5
FDIC insurance expense719
 819
 (100) (12.2)711
 719
 (8) (1.1)
Amortization of intangible assets1,653
 2,076
 (423) (20.4)1,246
 1,653
 (407) (24.6)
Other operating expense4,600
 5,274
 (674) (12.8)4,715
 4,600
 115
 2.5
Total noninterest expense$40,299
 $46,261
 $(5,962) (12.9)%$40,889
 $40,299
 $590
 1.5 %
Noninterest expense decreasedincreased to $40.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared with $40.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, comparedan increase of $0.6 million, or 1.5%, with $46.3salaries and employee benefits showing the greatest increase of $0.9 million, or 3.9%, from $23.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, a decrease of $6.0 million, or 12.9%, with all expense line items showing a decrease from the comparative period. The decrease was primarily due2017, to the absence of merger related expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $4.0$24.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 relating2018, primarily due to the merger of Central Bank into MidWestOne Bank. Salariesnormal annual salary and employee benefits decreased $2.3personnel adjustments. Occupancy and equipment expense, net, increased $0.2 million, or 8.8%2.4%, from $26.0to $6.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016,2018 compared to $23.7$6.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. This decrease included $1.6 million of merger-related expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The rest of the decrease in salaries and employee benefits wassame period last year, due primarily due to decreased staffing levels resulting from restructuring and the sales of branch offices during 2016.increased software licensing expenses. Data processing expense declined $2.1rose $0.1 million, or 62.8%9.5%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016, primarily due to the inclusion of $1.9 million in contract termination expense in connection with the bank merger in 2016. Other operating expenses decreased $0.7 million, or 12.8%, from $5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, to $4.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to higher financial services technology costs. Partially offsetting these increases, amortization of intangible asset expense decreased $0.4 million, or 24.6%, and professional fees decreased $0.3 million, or 14.8%, primarily due to lower loan and collection expense.legal fees, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Income Tax Expense
Our effective tax rate, or income taxes divided by income before taxes, was 20.5% for the first six months of 2018, and 28.9% for the first six months of 2017, and 26.4% for the first six months of 2016.2017. Income tax expense increaseddecreased to $5.7$4.1 million in the first six months of 20172018 compared with $3.7$5.7 million for the same period of 2016,2017, primarily due to the increasereduction in the levelcorporate federal income tax rate to 21% for 2018 compared to 35% for 2017 as a result of pre-taxthe Tax Act enacted by the U.S. government on December 22, 2017. We expect the reduction in the federal corporate income between the twotax rate to contribute to higher net income levels in future periods.


FINANCIAL CONDITION
Our total assets were $3.09$3.28 billion at June 30, 2017,2018, an increase of $11.5$64.0 million, or 0.4%2.0% from December 31, 2016.2017. Loans held for investment, net of unearned income, increased $32.4$77.3 million, or 1.5%3.4%, from $2.17$2.29 billion at December 31, 20162017 to $2.20$2.36 billion at June 30, 2017, and2018. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in investment securities of $9.3 million, or 1.4%, combined with a decrease in cash and cash equivalents increased $6.2of $7.7 million, or 14.3%, between these two dates. These increases were partially offset by decreases in investment securities of $20.5 million, or 3.2%, loans held for sale of $2.6 million, or 61.4%, other intangible assets of $1.7 million, or 10.9%, accrued interest receivable of $1.3 million, or 9.1%, and other real estate owned of $0.6 million, or 29.1% between December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017.15.1%. Total deposits at June 30, 2017,2018, were $2.49$2.60 billion, an increasea decrease of $13.3$1.1 million or 0.5%, from December 31, 2016.2017. The mix of deposits saw increases between December 31, 20162017 and June 30, 20172018 of $30.7$32.3 million, or 4.71%4.6%, in certificates of deposit, and $6.3$7.9 million, or 3.2%1.7%, in non-interest-bearing demand deposits, and $3.4 million, or 1.6%, in savings deposits. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in non-interest bearing demand deposits of $18.6$44.7 million, or 3.8%, and $5.1 million, or 0.5%3.6%, in interest-bearing checking deposits between December 31, 2016,2017 and June 30, 2017.2018. Between December 31, 20162017 and June 30, 2017,2018, federal funds purchased increased $9.6rose $51.4 million, or 27.0%, to $45.3$52.4 million compared to $35.7$1.0 million, while securities sold under agreements to repurchase declined $21.2 million, due to normal cash need fluctuations by customers. FHLB borrowings decreased $25.0rose $28.0 million, or 21.7% to $90.0 million.24.3%, between the two dates. The decreasedoverall increase in borrowings werewas the result of increasesgrowth in deposits and cash from the sale and maturity of investment securities during the period.loan portfolio coupled with a decrease in deposits. At June 30, 2017,2018, long-term debt had an outstanding balance of $15.0$10.0 million, a decrease of $2.5 million, or 14.3%20.0%, from December 31, 2016,2017, due to normal scheduled repayments. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase declined $22.0 million between December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017, due to normal cash need fluctuations by customers.
Investment Securities
Investment securities totaled $625.4$634.0 million at June 30, 2017,2018, or 20.2%19.4% of total assets, a decrease of $20.5$9.3 million, from $645.9$643.3 million, or 20.0% of total assets, as of December 31, 2016.2017. A total of $443.0$438.3 million of the investment securities were classified as available for sale at June 30, 2017,2018, compared to $477.5$445.3 million at December 31, 2016. This represents a decrease in investment securities available for sale of $34.5 million, or 7.2%, from December 31, 2016 to June 30, 2017. As of June 30, 2017,2018, the portfolio consisted mainly of obligations of states and political subdivisions (43.6%(42.2%), mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (39.1%(40.7%), corporate debt securities (15.7%), and obligations of U.S. government agencies (0.9%). Investment securities held to maturity were $182.5$192.9 million at June 30, 2017,2018, compared to $168.4$195.6 million at December 31, 2016, an increase of $14.12017, and equity securities were $2.8 million or 8.4%.at June 30, 2018, compared to $2.3 million at December 31, 2017.


Loans
The composition of loans (before deducting the allowance for loan losses) was as follows:
June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Balance % of Total Balance % of TotalJune 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(dollars in thousands)       Balance % of Total Balance % of Total
Agricultural$107,651
 4.9% $113,343
 5.2%$103,429
 4.4% $105,512
 4.6%
Commercial and industrial485,637
 22.1
 459,481
 21.2
512,357
 21.7
 503,624
 22.0
Credit cards(1)

 
 1,489
 0.1
Commercial real estate:              
Construction and development135,729
 6.2
 126,685
 5.9
206,269
 8.7
 165,276
 7.3
Farmland89,850
 4.1
 94,979
 4.4
88,761
 3.8
 87,868
 3.8
Multifamily137,506
 6.2
 136,003
 6.3
129,659
 5.5
 134,506
 5.9
Commercial real estate-other722,478
 32.9
 706,576
 32.6
819,205
 34.6
 784,321
 34.3
Total commercial real estate1,085,563
 49.4
 1,064,243
 49.2
1,243,894
 52.6
 1,171,971
 51.3
Residential real estate:              
One- to four-family first liens370,329
 16.8
 372,233
 17.2
350,281
 14.8
 352,226
 15.4
One- to four-family junior liens113,657
 5.2
 117,763
 5.4
117,138
 5.0
 117,204
 5.1
Total residential real estate483,986
 22.0
 489,996
 22.6
467,419
 19.8
 469,430
 20.5
Consumer34,666
 1.6
 36,591
 1.7
36,936
 1.5
 36,158
 1.6
Total loans$2,197,503
 100.0% $2,165,143
 100.0%$2,364,035
 100.0% $2,286,695
 100.0%
(1) AsLoans held for investment, net of the first quarter of 2017, the Company no longer considered credit cards a separate class of loans, and these balances are now included in commercial and industrial loans.
Total loansunearned income (excluding loans held for sale), increased $32.4$77.3 million, or 1.5%3.4%, from $2.17$2.29 billion at December 31, 20162017, to $2.20$2.36 billion at June 30, 2017, with loan growth concentrated primarily towards the end of the second quarter of 2017.2018. The mix of loans saw increases between December 31, 20162017 and June 30, 20172018, primarily concentrated in commercialconstruction and industrial,development, commercial real estate-other, construction and development,commercial and multifamily loans.industrial. Decreases occurred in multifamily, agricultural, and residential real estate, agricultural, farmland, and consumer loans.estate. As of June 30, 2017,2018, the largest category of loans was commercial real estate loans, comprising approximately 49%53% of the portfolio, of which 9% of total loans were construction and development, 6% of total loans were multifamily residential mortgages, 6% of total loans were construction and development, and 4% of total loans were farmland. Commercial and industrial loans was the next largest category at 22% of total loans, followed by residential real estate loans at 22%20%, agricultural loans at 5%4%, and consumer loans at 2%. Included in these totals are $21.9$18.2 million, net of a discount of $2.6$1.1 million, or 1.0%0.8% of the total loan portfolio, in purchased credit impaired loans as a result of the merger between the Company and Central in 2015.
We have minimal direct exposure to subprime mortgages in our loan portfolio. Our loan policy provides a guideline that real estate mortgage borrowers have a Beacon score of 640 or greater. Exceptions to this guideline have been noted, but the overall exposure is deemed minimal by management. Mortgages we originate and sell on the secondary market are typically underwritten according to the guidelines of secondary market investors. These mortgages are sold on a non-recourse basis.
Premises and Equipment
As of June 30, 2017,2018, premises and equipment totaled $74.7$78.1 million, substantially unchangedan increase of $2.1 million, or 2.8%, from December 31, 2016. Normal depreciation expense of2017. Additions from capital improvement projects, notably replacement branch locations in South St. Paul, Minnesota and Naples, Florida, offset the $2.1 million was offset by ongoing capital improvement projects.balance change from depreciation.
Deposits
Total deposits as of June 30, 20172018 were $2.49$2.60 billion, an increasea decrease of $13.3$1.1 million, or 0.5% from December 31, 2016.2017. Interest-bearing checking deposits were the largest category of deposits at June 30, 2017,2018, representing approximately 45.4% of total deposits. Total interest-bearing checking deposits were $1.13$1.18 billion at June 30, 2017,2018, a decrease of $5.1$44.7 million, or 0.5%3.6%, from $1.14 billion at December 31, 2016. Included in interest-bearing checking deposits at June 30, 2017 were $43.2 million of brokered deposits in the Insured Cash Sweep (ICS) program, an increase of $4.2 million, or 10.8%, from $39.0 million at December 31, 2016, due primarily to the addition of one account holder.2017. Non-interest bearing demand deposits were $476.0$469.9 million at June 30, 2017, a decrease2018, an increase of $18.6$7.9 million, or 3.8%1.7%, from $494.6$462.0 million at December 31, 2016.2017. Savings deposits were $204.0$216.9 million at June 30, 2017,2018, an increase of $6.3$3.4 million, or 3.2%1.6%, from $213.4 million at December 31, 2016.2017. Total certificates of deposit were $682.6$734.1 million at June 30, 2017,2018, up $30.7$32.3 million, or 4.7%4.6%, from $651.9$701.8 million at December 31, 2016. Included in total certificates of deposit at June 30, 2017 was $2.4 million of brokered deposits in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (CDARS) program, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 9.1%, from December 31, 2016.2017. Based on recent experience, management anticipates that many of the maturing certificates of deposit will be renewed upon maturity, as the interest rate environment begins to trend upward. Approximately 85.7%84.9% of our total deposits were considered “core” deposits as of June 30, 2017.2018. Effective with the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, signed into law by President Trump on May 24, 2018, we no longer consider deposits obtained from either the Certificate of Deposit Registry Service (CDARS) or Insured Cash Sweep (ICS) programs to be brokered deposits.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill was $64.7 million as ofat June 30, 2017, the same as at2018 and December 31, 2016.2017. Other intangible assets decreased $1.7$1.1 million, or 10.9%9.3%, to $13.5$10.9 million at June 30, 20172018 compared to $15.2$12.0 million at December 31, 2016,2017, due primarily to normal amortization. See Note 6. “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Debt
Federal Funds Purchased
Federal funds purchased were $52.4 million as of June 30, 2018, compared with $1.0 million as of December 31, 2017, an increase of $51.4 million. The principal function of these funds is to maintain short-term liquidity. See Note 8. “Short-Term Borrowings” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our federal funds purchased.
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase declined $21.2 million, or 22.0%, to $75.0 million as of June 30, 2018, compared with $96.2 million as of December 31, 2017. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are agreements in which the Company acquires funds by selling investment securities to another party under a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same investment securities at a specified price and date. The Company enters into repurchase agreements and also offers a demand deposit account product to customers that sweeps their balances in excess of an agreed upon target amount into overnight repurchase agreements. As such, the balance of these borrowings vary according to the liquidity needs of the customers participating in these sweep accounts. See Note 8. “Short-Term Borrowings” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our securities sold under agreements to repurchase.
Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings
FHLB borrowings totaled $90.0$143.0 million as of June 30, 20172018, compared with$115.0 million as of December 31, 2016.2017, an increase of $28.0 million, or 24.3%. We utilize FHLB borrowings as a supplement to customer deposits to fund interest-earning assets and to assist in managing interest rate risk. The combination of proceeds from the issuance of new shares of common stock with an increase in deposit balances between December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017, led to the decline in FHLB borrowings between December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017 See Note 10. “Long-Term“Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings and Long-Term Borrowings” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our FHLB borrowings.
Junior Subordinated Notes Issued to Capital Trusts
Junior subordinated notes that have been issued to capital trusts that issued trust preferred securities were $23.7$23.8 million as of June 30, 20172018, substantially unchanged from December 31, 2016.2017. See Note 9. “Subordinated“Junior Subordinated Notes Payable”Issued to Capital Trusts” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our junior subordinated notes.
Long-term Debt
Long-term debt in the form of a $35.0 million unsecured note, of which $25.0 million was drawn upon, payable to a correspondent bank was entered into on April 30, 2015 in connection with the payment of the merger consideration at the closing of the Central merger, of which $15.0$10.0 million was outstanding as of June 30, 2017.2018. See Note 10. “Long-Term“Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings and Long-Term Borrowings” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our long-term debt.

Nonperforming Assets
The following tables set forth information concerning nonperforming loans by class of loans at June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017:
 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing Interest Restructured Nonaccrual Total
(in thousands)       
June 30, 2017       
Agricultural$
 $2,637
 $494
 $3,131
Commercial and industrial(1)
147
 2,247
 2,161
 4,555
Commercial real estate:       
Construction and development
 

 1,110
 1,110
Farmland89
 87
 364
 540
Multifamily
 
 
 
Commercial real estate-other
 1,705
 12,095
 13,800
Total commercial real estate89
 1,792
 13,569
 15,450
Residential real estate:       
One- to four- family first liens702
 764
 1,364
 2,830
One- to four- family junior liens
 
 115
 115
Total residential real estate702
 764
 1,479
 2,945
Consumer
 
 37
 37
Total$938
 $7,440
 $17,740
 $26,118
(1) As of the first quarter of 2017, the Company no longer considered credit cards a separate class of loans, and these balances are now included in commercial and industrial loans.


(in thousands)90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing Interest Restructured Nonaccrual Total
June 30, 2018       
Agricultural$52
 $2,502
 $255
 $2,809
Commercial and industrial
 1,430
 6,790
 8,220
Commercial real estate:       
Construction and development
 
 102
 102
Farmland
 
 278
 278
Multifamily
 
 
 
Commercial real estate-other
 3,747
 4,001
 7,748
Total commercial real estate
 3,747
 4,381
 8,128
Residential real estate:       
One- to four- family first liens60
 683
 1,085
 1,828
One- to four- family junior liens39
 
 493
 532
Total residential real estate99
 683
 1,578
 2,360
Consumer
 
 63
 63
Total$151
 $8,362
 $13,067
 $21,580
90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing Interest Restructured Nonaccrual Total
(in thousands)       90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing Interest Restructured Nonaccrual Total
December 31, 2016       
December 31, 2017       
Agricultural$
 $2,770
 $2,690
 $5,460
$
 $2,637
 $168
 $2,805
Commercial and industrial
 595
 8,358
 8,953

 1,450
 7,124
 8,574
Credit cards
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:              
Construction and development95
 
 780
 875

 
 188
 188
Farmland
 2,174
 227
 2,401

 
 386
 386
Multifamily
 
 
 

 
 
 
Commercial real estate-other
 247
 7,360
 7,607

 4,028
 5,279
 9,307
Total commercial real estate95
 2,421
 8,367
 10,883

 4,028
 5,853
 9,881
Residential real estate:              
One- to four- family first liens375
 1,501
 1,127
 3,003
205
 755
 1,228
 2,188
One- to four- family junior liens15
 13
 116
 144
2
 
 346
 348
Total residential real estate390
 1,514
 1,243
 3,147
207
 755
 1,574
 2,536
Consumer
 12
 10
 22

 
 65
 65
Total$485
 $7,312
 $20,668
 $28,465
$207
 $8,870
 $14,784
 $23,861
Not included in the loans above as of June 30, 2017,2018, were purchased credit impaired loans with an outstanding balance of $0.4 million, net of a discount of $0.1$0.3 million.
Our nonperforming assets (which include nonperforming loans and OREO) totaled $27.6$22.3 million as of June 30, 2017,2018, a decrease of $3.0$3.6 million, or 9.7%14.0%, from December 31, 2016.2017. The balance of OREO at June 30, 20172018 was $1.5$0.7 million, down $0.6$1.3 million, from $2.1$2.0 million of OREO at December 31, 2016.2017. During the first six months of 2017,2018, the Company had a net decrease of 1412 properties in other real estate owned. All of the OREO property was acquired either through foreclosures or through settlement agreements, and we are actively working to sell all properties held as of June 30, 2017.2018. OREO is carried at appraised value less estimated cost of disposal at the date of acquisition. Additional discounts could be required to market and sell the properties, resulting in a write down through expense.
Nonperforming loans decreased from $28.5$23.9 million, or 1.31%1.04% of total loans held for investment, net of unearned income, at December 31, 2016,2017, to $26.1$21.6 million, or 1.19%0.91% of total loans held for investment, at June 30, 2017.2018. At June 30, 2017,2018, nonperforming loans consisted of $17.7$13.1 million in nonaccrual loans, $7.4$8.4 million in troubled debt restructures (“TDRs”) and $0.9$0.2 million in loans

past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest. This compares to nonaccrual loans of $20.7$14.8 million, TDRs of $7.3$8.9 million, and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest of $0.5$0.2 million at December 31, 2016.2017. Nonaccrual loans decreased $2.9$1.7 million between December 31, 2016,2017, and June 30, 2017.2018, which was primarily driven by net charge-offs of $0.4 million in the first six months of 2018 and $2.7 million of principal payments on these loans, partially offset by 22 loans (17 of them having a balance less than $100,000) being added to nonaccrual status in the first six months of 2018 for $1.4 million. The balance of TDRs increased $0.1decreased $0.5 million between these two dates, as the addition of nine loans (representing five lending relationships) totaling $3.6 million was partially offset byprimarily due to payments collected from TDR-status borrowers totaling $2.3 million, the charge-off of two TDRs totaling $0.2 million, and fourtwo loans totaling $1.0$0.3 million moving to non-disclosed status. Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest increased $0.5decreased $0.1 million between December 31, 2016,2017, and June 30, 2017, due primarily to a net decrease of four residential real estate loans, with a balance of $0.3 million, and the addition of one commercial and industrial loan in the amount of $0.2 million.2018. Loans past due 30 to 89 days and still accruing interest (not included in the nonperforming loan totals) decreased to $6.2$4.4 million at June 30, 2017,2018, compared with $7.8$8.4 million at December 31, 2016.2017. As of June 30, 2017,2018, the allowance for loan losses was $22.5$30.8 million, or 1.02%1.30% of total loans, compared with $21.9$28.1 million, or 1.01%1.23% of total loans, at December 31, 2016.2017. The allowance for loan losses represented 86.19%142.72% of nonperforming loans at June 30, 2017,2018, compared with 76.76%117.59% of nonperforming loans at December 31, 2016.2017. The Company had net loan charge-offs of $1.6$0.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, or an annualized 0.15%0.03% of average loans outstanding, compared to net charge-offs of $0.5$1.6 million, or an annualized 0.04%0.15% of average loans outstanding, for the same period of 2016.2017.
Loan Review and Classification Process for Agricultural, Commercial and Industrial, and Commercial Real Estate Loans:
The Bank maintains a loan review and classification process which involves multiple officers of the Bank and is designed to assess the general quality of credit underwriting and to promote early identification of potential problem loans. All commercial and agricultural loan officers are charged with the responsibility of risk rating all loans in their portfolios and updating the ratings, positively or negatively, on an ongoing basis as conditions warrant. A monthly loan officer validation worksheet documents this process. Risk ratings are selected from an 8-point scale with ratings as follows: ratings 1- 4 Satisfactory (pass), rating 5 Watch (potential weakness), rating 6 Substandard (well-defined weakness), rating 7 Doubtful, and rating 8 Loss.

When a loan officer originates a new loan, based upon proper loan authorization, he or she documents the credit file with an offering sheet summary, supplemental underwriting analysis, relevant financial information and collateral evaluations. All of this information is used in the determination of the initial loan risk rating. The Bank’s loan review department undertakes independent credit reviews of relationships based on either criteria established by loan policy, risk-focused sampling, or random sampling. Loan policy requires all lending relationships with total exposure of $5.0 million or more as well as all classified (loan grades 6 through 8) and watch (loan grade 5) rated credits over $1.0 million be reviewed no less than annually. The individual loan reviews consider such items as: loan type; nature, type and estimated value of collateral; borrower and/or guarantor estimated financial strength; most recently available financial information; related loans and total borrower exposure; and current/current and anticipated performance of the loan. The results of such reviews are presented to executive management.
Through the review of delinquency reports, updated financial statements or other relevant information, the lending officer and/or loan review personnel may determine that a loan relationship has weakened to the point that a watch (loan grade 5) or classified (loan grades 6 through 8) status is warranted. When a loan relationship with total related exposure of $1.0 million or greater is adversely graded (loan grade 5 or above), or is classified as a TDR (regardless of size), the lending officer is then charged with preparing a loan strategy summary worksheet that outlines the background of the credit problem, current repayment status of the loans, current collateral evaluation and a workout plan of action. This plan may include goals to improve the credit rating, assist the borrower in moving the loans to another institution and/or collateral liquidation. All such reports are first presented to regional management and then to the loan strategy committee. Copies of the minutes of these committee meetings are presented to the board of directors of the Bank.
Depending upon the individual facts and circumstances and the result of the classified/watch review process, loan officers and/or loan review personnel may categorize the loan relationship as impaired. Once that determination has occurred, the credit analyst will complete an evaluation of the collateral (for collateral-dependent loans) based upon the estimated collateral value, adjusting for current market conditions and other local factors that may affect collateral value. Loan review personnel may also complete an independent impairment analysis when deemed necessary. These judgmental evaluations may produce an initial specific allowance for placement in the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses calculation. Impairment analysis for the underlying collateral value is completed in the last month of the quarter.   The impairment analysis worksheets are reviewed by the Credit Administration department prior to quarter-end. The board of directors of the Bank on a quarterly basis reviews the classified/watch reports including changes in credit grades of 5 or higher as well as all impaired loans, the related allowances and OREO.
In general, once the specific allowance has been finalized, regional and executive management will consider a charge-off prior to the calendar quarter-end in which that reserve calculation is finalized.
The review process also provides for the upgrade of loans that show improvement since the last review. All requests for an upgrade of a credit are approved by the loan strategy committee before the rating can be changed.

Restructured Loans
We restructure loans for our customers who appear to be able to meet the terms of their loan over the long term, but who may be unable to meet the terms of the loan in the near term due to individual circumstances. We consider the customer’s past performance, previous and current credit history, the individual circumstances surrounding the current difficulties and their plan to meet the terms of the loan in the future prior to restructuring the terms of the loan. The following factors are indicators that a concession has been granted (one or multiple items may be present):
The borrower receives a reduction of the stated interest rate for the remaining original life of the debt.
The borrower receives an extension of the maturity date or dates at a stated interest rate lower than the current market interest rate for new debt with similar risk characteristics.
The borrower receives a reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as stated in the instrument or other agreement.
The borrower receives a deferral of required payments (principal and/or interest).
The borrower receives a reduction of the accrued interest.
Generally, loans are restructured through short-term interest rate relief, short-term principal payment relief or short-term principal and interest payment relief. Once a restructured loan has gone 90 days or more past due or is placed on nonaccrual status, it is included in the 90 days or more past due or nonaccrual totals.
During the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, the Company restructured ten loansone loan by granting concessions to borrowersa borrower experiencing financial difficulties.

A loan classified as a troubled debt restructuring will no longer be included in the troubled debt restructuring disclosures in the periods after the restructuring if the loan performs in accordance with the terms specified by the restructuring agreement and the interest rate specified in the restructuring agreement represents a market rate at the time of modification. The specified interest rate is considered a market rate when the interest rate is equal to or greater than the rate the Company is willing to accept at the time of restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk. If there are concerns that the borrower will not be able to meet the modified terms of the loan, the loan will continue to be included in the troubled debt restructuring disclosures.
We consider all TDRs, regardless of whether they are performing in accordance with their modified terms, to be impaired loans when determining our allowance for loan losses. A summary of restructured loans as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017 is as follows:
June 30, December 31,
2017 2016June 30, December 31,
(in thousands)   2018 2017
Restructured Loans (TDRs):      
In compliance with modified terms$7,440
 $7,312
$8,362
 $8,870
Not in compliance with modified terms - on nonaccrual status or 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest11,264
 1,003
3,540
 4,778
Total restructured loans$18,704
 $8,315
$11,902
 $13,648
Allowance for Loan Losses
Our ALLL as of June 30, 20172018 was $22.5$30.8 million, which was 1.02%1.30% of total loans and 1.20%1.43% of purchased non-credit impairednon-acquired loans as of that date. This compares with an ALLL of $21.9$28.1 million as of December 31, 2016,2017, which was 1.01%1.23% of total loans and 1.27%1.39% of purchased non-credit impairednon-acquired loans as of that date. Gross charge-offs for the first six months of 20172018 totaled $1.7$0.8 million, while there was $0.1were $0.4 million in recoveries of previously charged-off loans. The increase in the allowance for loan losses was primarily due to loan growth (excluding loans held for sale) of $77.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, combined with some indicated weakness in the agricultural sector. The ratio of annualized net loan charge offs to average loans for the first six months of 20172018 was 0.15%0.03% compared to 0.26%0.51% for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017. As of June 30, 2017,2018, the ALLL was 86.2%142.7% of nonperforming loans compared with 76.8%117.6% as of December 31, 2016.2017. Based on the inherent risk in the loan portfolio, management believed that as of June 30, 2017,2018, the ALLL was adequate; however, there is no assurance losses will not exceed the allowance, and any growth in the loan portfolio or uncertainty in the general economy will require that management continue to evaluate the adequacy of the ALLL and make additional provisions in future periods as deemed necessary.
There were no changes to our ALLL calculation methodology during the first six months of 2017.2018. Classified and impaired loans are reviewed per the requirements of FASB ASC Topic 310.
Non-acquired loans with a balance of $1.79$2.10 billion at June 30, 2017,2018, had $21.5$30.0 million of the allowance for loan losses allocated to them, providing an allocated allowance for loan loss to non-acquired loan ratio of 1.20%1.43%, compared to balances of $1.68

$1.96 billion and an an allocated allowance for loan loss to non-acquired loan ratio of 1.27%1.39% at December 31, 2016.2017. Non-acquired loans are total loans minus those loans acquired in the Central merger. New loans and loans renewed after the merger are considered non-acquired loans.
At June 30, 2017At June 30, 2018
Gross Loans
(A)
 
Discount
(B)
 
Loans, Net of Discount
(A-B)
 Allowance
(C)
 
Allowance/Gross Loans
(C/A)
 
Allowance + Discount/Gross Loans
((B+C)/A)
(dollars in thousands)
Gross Loans
(A)
 
Discount
(B)
 
Loans, Net of Discount
(A-B)
 Allowance
(C)
 
Allowance/Gross Loans
(C/A)
 
Allowance + Discount/Gross Loans
((B+C)/A)
Total Non-Acquired Loans$1,790,982
 $
 $1,790,982
 $21,522
 1.20% 1.20%$2,097,594
 $
 $2,097,594
 $29,984
 1.43% 1.43%
Total Acquired Loans417,384
 10,863
 406,521
 988
 0.24
 2.84
273,255
 6,814
 266,441
 816
 0.30
 2.79
Total Loans$2,208,366
 $10,863
 $2,197,503
 $22,510
 1.02% 1.51%$2,370,849
 $6,814
 $2,364,035
 $30,800
 1.30% 1.59%
At December 31, 2016At December 31, 2017
Gross Loans
(A)
 
Discount
(B)
 
Loans, Net of Discount
(A-B)
 Allowance
(C)
 
Allowance/Gross Loans
(C/A)
 
Allowance + Discount/Gross Loans
((B+C)/A)
(dollars in thousands)
Gross Loans
(A)
 
Discount
(B)
 
Loans, Net of Discount
(A-B)
 Allowance
(C)
 
Allowance/Gross Loans
(C/A)
 
Allowance + Discount/Gross Loans
((B+C)/A)
Total Non-Acquired Loans$1,677,935
 $
 $1,677,935
 $21,229
 1.27% 1.27%$1,964,047
 $
 $1,964,047
 $27,209
 1.39% 1.39%
Total Acquired Loans500,423
 13,215
 487,208
 621
 0.12
 2.76
331,122
 8,474
 322,648
 850
 0.26
 2.82
Total Loans$2,178,358
 $13,215
 $2,165,143
 $21,850
 1.01% 1.61%$2,295,169
 $8,474
 $2,286,695
 $28,059
 1.23% 1.59%
The Bank uses a rolling 20-quarter annual average historical net charge-off component for its ALLL calculation. One qualitative factor table is used for the entire bank. Differences in regional (Iowa, Minnesota/Wisconsin, Florida and Colorado) economic and business conditions are included in the qualitative factor narrative and the risk is spread over the entire loan portfolios.portfolio. All pass rated loans, regardless of size, are allocated based on delinquency status. The Bank has streamlined the ALLL process

for a number of low-balance loan types that do not have a material impact on the overall calculation, which are applied a reserve amount equal to the overall reserve calculated pursuant to applicable accounting standards to total loan calculated pursuant to applicable accounting standards. The guaranteed portion of any government guaranteed loan is included in the calculation and is reserved for according to the type of loan. Special mention/watch and substandard rated credits not individually reviewed for impairment are allocated at a higher amount due to the inherent risks associated with these types of loans. Special mention/watch risk rated loans (i.e. early stages of financial deterioration, technical exceptions, etc.) are reserved at a level that will cover losses above a pass allocation for loans that had a loss in the trailing 20-quarters in which the loan was risk-rated special mention/watch at the time of the loss. Substandard loans carry a greater risk than special mention/watch loans, and as such, this subset is reserved at a level that covers losses above a pass allocation for loans that had a loss in the trailing 20-quarters in which the loans was risk-rated substandard at the time of the loss. Classified and impaired loans are reviewed per the requirements of applicable accounting standards.
We currently trackmonitor the loan to value (“LTV”) ratio of all loans in our portfolio, and those loans in excess of internal and supervisory guidelines are presented to the Bank’s board of directors on a quarterly basis. At June 30, 2017,2018, there were 3220 owner-occupied 1-4 family loans with a LTV ratio of 100% or greater. In addition, there were 178125 home equity loans without credit enhancement that had a LTV ratio of 100% or greater. We have the first lien on 54 of these equity loans and other financial institutions have the first lien on the remaining 173.121. Additionally, there were 196169 commercial real estate loans without credit enhancement that exceeded the supervisory LTV guidelines. No additional allocation of the ALLL is made for loans that exceed internal and supervisory guidelines.
We review all impaired and nonperforming loans individually on a quarterly basis to determine their level of impairment due to collateral deficiency or insufficient cash-flow based on a discounted cash-flow analysis. At June 30, 2017,2018, TDRs were not a material portion of the loan portfolio. We review loans 90 days or more past due that are still accruing interest no less than quarterly to determine if there is a strong reason that the credit should not be placed on non-accrual. The Bank’s board of directors has reviewed these credit relationships and determined that these loans and the risks associated with them were acceptable and did not represent any undue risk.
Capital Resources
Total shareholders’ equity was $342.9$346.2 million as of June 30, 2017,2018, compared to $305.5$340.3 million as of December 31, 2016,2017, an increase of $37.4$5.9 million, or 12.2%1.7%. This increase was primarily attributable to the issuance of 750,000 shares of common stock in a public offering, resulting in $24.4 million of additional capital, net of expenses. Also contributing to the increase in capital was net income of $13.9$15.9 million for the first six months of 2017,2018, partially offset by a $2.6$4.8 million increasedecrease in accumulated other comprehensive income due to market value adjustments on investment securities available for sale and the payment of $4.8 million in common stock dividends. In addition, there was a $0.6$0.4 million decreaseincrease in treasury stock due to the repurchase of 33,998 shares of Company common stock at a cost of $1.1 million, partially offset by the issuance of 32,16835,494 shares of Company common stock in connection with stock compensation plans. These increases were partially offset byplans during the paymentfirst six months of $3.9 million in common stock dividends. No shares of Company common stock were repurchased in the second quarter of 2017.2018. The total shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio was 11.09%10.57% at June 30, 2017, up2018, down from 9.92%10.59% at December 31, 2016.2017. The tangible equity to tangible assets ratio (a non-GAAP financial measure) was 8.86%8.48% at June 30, 2017, 2018,

compared with 7.62%8.44% at December 31, 2016.2017. Book value was $28.33 per share at June 30, 2018, an increase from $27.85 per share at December 31, 2017. Tangible book value per share (a non-GAAP financial measure) was $21.86$22.22 at June 30, 2017,2018, an increase from $20.00$21.67 per share at December 31, 2016.2017.
Our Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio was 11.70%10.90% as of June 30, 20172018 and was 10.73%10.96% as of December 31, 2016.2017. Risk-based capital guidelines require the classification of assets and some off-balance-sheet items in terms of credit-risk exposure and the measuring of capital as a percentage of the risk-adjusted asset totals. Management believed that, as of June 30, 2017,2018, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which we were subject. As of that date, the Bank was “well capitalized” under regulatory prompt corrective action provisions.
The Company and the Bank are subject to the Basel III regulatory capital reforms (the “Basel III Rules”) and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). The Basel III Rules are applicable to all banking organizations that are subject to minimum capital requirements, including federal and state banks and savings and loan associations, as well as to bank and savings and loan holding companies, other than “small bank holding companies” (generally bank holding companies with consolidated assets of less than $1 billion which are not publicly traded companies). In order to be a “well-capitalized” depository institution, a bank must maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5% or more; a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8% or more; a Total capital ratio of 10% or more; and a leverage ratio of 5% or more. A capital conservation buffer, comprised of Common Equity Tier 1 capital, is also established above the regulatory minimum capital requirements. This capital conservation buffer is being phased in, which began January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, was 1.25% of risk-weighted assets effective January 1,in 2017, is 1.875% of risk-weighted assets in 2018, and further increases each subsequent year by an additional 0.625% until reachingto the final level of 2.5% on January 1, 2019. At June 30, 2018, the Company’s institution-specific capital conservation buffer necessary to avoid limitations on distributions and discretionary bonus payments was 4.01%, while the Bank’s was 3.89%.
We have traditionally disclosed certain non-GAAP ratios and amounts to evaluate and measure our financial condition, including our Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio and our Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio to risk-weighted assets ratio. We believe this ratio providesthese ratios provide investors with information regarding our

financial condition and how we evaluate our financial condition internally. The following table provides a reconciliation of thisthese non-GAAP measuremeasures to the most comparable GAAP equivalent.equivalents.
At June 30, At December 31,At June 30, At December 31,
(in thousands)2017 20162018 2017
Tier 1 capital      
Total shareholders’ equity$342,872
 $305,456
$346,201
 $340,304
Less: Net unrealized gains on securities available for sale(1,473) 1,133
7,407
 2,602
Disallowed Intangibles(73,540) (71,951)(74,607) (73,340)
Common equity tier 1 capital$267,859
 234,638
$279,001
 269,566
Plus: Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts (qualifying restricted core capital)23,743
 23,692
23,841
 23,793
Tier 1 capital$291,602
 $258,330
$302,842
 $293,359
Risk-weighted assets$2,491,661
 $2,407,661
$2,777,551
 $2,677,721
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets11.70% 10.73%10.90% 10.96%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets10.75% 9.75%
Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets10.04% 10.07%


The following table provides the capital levels and minimum required capital levels for the Company and theBank:
Actual 
For Capital Adequacy Purposes*
 To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount RatioActual 
For Capital Adequacy Purposes*
 To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(dollars in thousands)           Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
At June 30, 2017           
At June 30, 2018           
Consolidated:                      
Total capital/risk based assets$314,382
 12.62% $230,479
 9.250% N/A
 N/A
$333,642
 12.01% $274,283
 9.875% N/A
 N/A
Tier 1 capital/risk based assets291,602
 11.70
 180,645
 7.250
 N/A
 N/A
302,842
 10.90
 218,732
 7.875
 N/A
 N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk based assets267,859
 10.75
 143,271
 5.750
 N/A
 N/A
279,001
 10.04
 177,069
 6.375
 N/A
 N/A
Tier 1 capital/adjusted average assets291,602
 9.79
 119,155
 4.000
 N/A
 N/A
302,842
 9.53
 127,059
 4.000
 N/A
 N/A
MidWestOne Bank:
                      
Total capital/risk based assets$314,136
 12.65% $229,790
 9.250% $248,422
 10.00%$329,301
 11.89% $273,491
 9.875% $276,953
 10.00%
Tier 1 capital/risk based assets291,388
 11.73
 180,106
 7.250
 198,737
 8.00
298,501
 10.78
 218,101
 7.875
 221,563
 8.00
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk based assets291,388
 11.73
 142,842
 5.750
 161,474
 6.50
298,501
 10.78
 176,558
 6.375
 180,020
 6.50
Tier 1 capital/adjusted average assets291,388
 9.79
 119,021
 4.000
 148,776
 5.00
298,501
 9.41
 126,907
 4.000
 158,634
 5.00
At December 31, 2016           
At December 31, 2017           
Consolidated:                      
Total capital/risk based assets$280,396
 11.65% $207,661
 8.625% N/A
 N/A
$321,459
 12.00% $247,689
 9.250% N/A
 N/A
Tier 1 capital/risk based assets258,304
 10.73
 159,508
 6.625
 N/A
 N/A
293,359
 10.96
 194,135
 7.250
 N/A
 N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk based assets234,638
 9.75
 123,393
 5.125
 N/A
 N/A
269,566
 10.07
 153,969
 5.750
 N/A
 N/A
Tier 1 capital/adjusted average assets258,304
 8.75
 118,040
 4.000
 N/A
 N/A
293,359
 9.48
 123,831
 4.000
 N/A
 N/A
MidWestOne Bank:
                      
Total capital/risk based assets$286,959
 11.96% $206,892
 8.625% $239,875
 10.00%$322,679
 12.08% $247,010
 9.250% $267,038
 10.00%
Tier 1 capital/risk based assets264,871
 11.04
 158,917
 6.625
 191,900
 8.00
294,620
 11.03
 193,603
 7.250
 213,631
 8.00
Common equity tier 1 capital/risk based assets264,871
 11.04
 122,936
 5.125
 155,919
 6.50
294,620
 11.03
 153,547
 5.750
 173,575
 6.50
Tier 1 capital/adjusted average assets264,871
 8.98
 118,000
 4.000
 147,500
 5.00
294,620
 9.53
 123,678
 4.000
 154,598
 5.00
* The ratios for December 31, 2016 include a capital conservation buffer of 0.625%, and the ratios for March 31, 2017 include a capital conservation buffer of 1.25%  
* The ratios for December 31, 2017 include a capital conservation buffer of 1.25%, and the ratios for June 30, 2018 include a capital conservation buffer of 1.875%* The ratios for December 31, 2017 include a capital conservation buffer of 1.25%, and the ratios for June 30, 2018 include a capital conservation buffer of 1.875%  
On February 15, 20172018, 25,40032,460 restricted stock units were granted to certain officers of the Company, and on May 15, 2017, 7,6002018, 5,720 restricted stock units were granted to members of the board of directors of the Company. On June 15, 2018, 6,780 restricted stock units were granted to certain officers of the Company. Additionally, during the first six months of 20172018, 26,87528,525 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the vesting of previously awarded grants of restricted stock units, of which 2,9572,731 shares were surrendered by grantees to satisfy tax requirements, and no nonvested restricted stock units were forfeited. In the first six months of 2017, 8,2502018, 9,700 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the exercise of previously issued stock options, and no options were forfeited.

Liquidity
Liquidity management involves meeting the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers. We conduct liquidity management on both a daily and long-term basis, and adjust our investments in liquid assets based on expected loan demand, projected loan maturities and payments, expected deposit flows, yields available on interest-bearing deposits, and the objectives of our asset/liability management program. We had liquid assets (cash and cash equivalents) of $49.4$43.3 million as of June 30, 2017,2018, compared with $43.2$51.0 million as of December 31, 2016.2017. Interest-bearing deposits in banks at June 30, 2017,2018, were $3.2$1.7 million, an increasea decrease of $1.4$3.8 million from $1.8$5.5 million at December 31, 2016. Investment2017. Debt securities classified as available for sale, totaling $443.0$438.3 million and $477.5$445.3 million as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively, could be sold to meet liquidity needs if necessary. Additionally, the Bank maintains unsecured lines of credit with several correspondent banks and secured lines with the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window and the FHLB that would allow us to borrow funds on a short-term basis, if necessary. Management believed that the Company had sufficient liquidity as of June 30, 20172018 to meet the needs of borrowers and depositors.
Our principal sources of funds between December 31, 20162017 and June 30, 20172018 were proceeds proceeds from the maturitydeposits, FHLB borrowings, securities sold under agreement to repurchase, and sale of investment securities and the issuance of common stock.federal funds purchased. While scheduled loan amortization and maturing interest-bearing deposits in banks are relatively predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by economic conditions, the general level of interest rates, and competition. We utilize particular sources of funds based on comparative costs and availability. This includes fixed-rate FHLB borrowings that can generallyat times be obtained at a more favorable cost than deposits of comparable maturity. We generally manage the pricing of our deposits to maintain a steady deposit base but from time to time may decide, as we have done in the past, not to pay rates on deposits as high as our competition.

As of June 30, 2017,2018, we had $15.0$10.0 million of long-term debt outstanding to an unaffiliated banking organization. See Note 10. “Long-Term“Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings and Long-Term Borrowings” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our long-term debt. We also have $23.7$23.8 million of indebtedness payable under junior subordinated debentures issued to subsidiary trusts that issued trust preferred securities in pooled offerings. See Note 9. “Subordinated“Junior Subordinated Notes Payable”Issued to Capital Trusts” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our junior subordinated notes.
Inflation
The effects of price changes and inflation can vary substantially for most financial institutions. While management believes that inflation affects the growth of total assets, it is difficult to assess its overall impact on the Company. The price of one or more of the components of the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) may fluctuate considerably and thereby influence the overall CPI without having a corresponding effect on interest rates or upon the cost of those goods and services normally purchased by us. In years of high inflation and high interest rates, intermediate and long-term interest rates tend to increase, thereby adversely impacting the market values of investment securities, mortgage loans and other long-term fixed rate loans held by financial institutions. In addition, higher short-term interest rates caused by inflation tend to increase financial institutions’ cost of funds. In other years, the reverse situation may occur.
Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers, which include commitments to extend credit, standby and performance letters of credit, and commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers at predetermined interest rates, as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contracts. Our exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. We use the same credit policies in making off-balance-sheet commitments as we do for on-balance-sheet instruments.
Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We evaluate each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. As of June 30, 2017,2018, outstanding commitments to extend credit totaled approximately $517.2$519.6 million. We have established a reserve of $0.2 million, which represents our estimate of probable losses as a result of these transactions. This reserve is not part of our allowance for loan losses.
Commitments under standby and performance letters of credit outstanding totaled $11.6$17.4 million as of June 30, 2017.2018. We do not anticipate any losses as a result of these transactions.transactions, and expect to have sufficient liquidity to fulfill outstanding credit commitments and letters of credit.
Residential mortgage loans sold to others are predominantly conventional residential first lien mortgages originated under our usual underwriting procedures, and are most often sold on a nonrecourse basis. At June 30, 20172018, there were approximately $1.61.5 million of mandatory commitments with investors to sell not yet originated residential mortgage loans. We do not anticipate any losses as a result of these transactions.


Special Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of such term in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We and our representatives may, from time to time, make written or oral statements that are “forward-looking” and provide information other than historical information. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from any results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement. These factors include, among other things, the factors listed below.
Forward-looking statements, which may be based upon beliefs, expectations and assumptions of our management and on information currently available to management, are generally identifiable by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “plans,” “goals,” “intend,” “project,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “may” or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Additionally, we undertake no obligation to update any statement in light of new information or future events, except as required under federal securities law.
Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Factors that could have an impact on our ability to achieve operating results, growth plan goals and future prospects include, but are not limited to, the following:

credit quality deterioration or pronounced and sustained reduction in real estate market values that cause an increase in our allowance for credit losses and a reduction in net earnings;
our management’s ability to reduce and effectively manage interest rate risk and the impact of interest rates in general on the volatility of our net interest income;
changes in the economic environment, competition, or other factors that may affect our ability to acquire loans or influence the anticipated growth rate of loans and deposits and the quality of the loan portfolio and loan and deposit pricing;
fluctuations in the value of our investment securities;
governmental monetary and fiscal policies;
legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities, trade and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators (particularly with respect to the Basel III Rules and changes in the scope and cost of FDIC insurance and other coverages);regulators;
the ability to attract and retain key executives and employees experienced in banking and financial services;
the sufficiency of the allowance for loan losses to absorb the amount of actual losses inherent in our existing loan portfolio;
our ability to adapt successfully to technological changes to compete effectively in the marketplace;
credit risks and risks from concentrations (by geographic area and by industry) within our loan portfolio;
the effects of competition from other commercial banks, thrifts, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, credit unions, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market and other mutual funds, and other financial institutions operating in our markets or elsewhere or providing similar services;
the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of allowances for loan losses and estimation of values of collateral and various financial assets and liabilities;
the risks of mergers, including, without limitation, the related time and costs of implementing such transactions, integrating operations as part of these transactions and possible failures to achieve expected gains, revenue growth and/or expense savings from such transactions;
volatility of rate-sensitive deposits;
operational risks, including data processing system failures or fraud;
asset/liability matching risks and liquidity risks;
the costs, effects and outcomes of existing or future litigation;
changes in general economic or industry conditions, internationally, nationally or in the communities in which we conduct business;
changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by state and federal regulatory agencies and the FASB;
war or terrorist activities which may cause further deterioration in the economy or cause instability in credit markets;
the effects of cyber-attacks;
the imposition of tariffs or other domestic or international governmental policies impacting the value of the agricultural or other products of our borrowers; and
other factors and risks described under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 20162017 and otherwise in our reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.



We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by the foregoing cautionary statements. Because of these risks and other uncertainties, our actual future results, performance or achievement, or industry results, may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, our past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of our future results.


Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
In general, market risk is the risk of change in asset values due to movements in underlying market rates and prices. Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and capital arising from movements in interest rates. Interest rate risk is the most significant market risk affecting the Company as other types of market risk, such as foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price risk, play a lesser role in the normal course of our business activities.
In addition to interest rate risk, economic conditions in recent years have made liquidity risk (in particular, funding liquidity risk) a more prevalent concern among financial institutions. In general, liquidity risk is the risk of being unable to fund an entity’s obligations to creditors (including, in the case of banks, obligations to depositors) as such obligations become due or to fund its acquisition of assets.

Liquidity Risk
Liquidity refers to our ability to fund operations, to meet depositor withdrawals, to provide for our customers’ credit needs, and to meet maturing obligations and existing commitments. Our liquidity principally depends on cash flows from operating activities, investment in and maturity of assets, changes in balances of deposits and borrowings, and our ability to borrow funds.
Net cash inflows from operating activities were $21.4 million in the first six months of 2018, compared with $23.2 million in the first six months of 2017, compared with $20.3 million in the first six months of 2016.2017. Net income before depreciation, amortization, and accretion is generally the primary contributor for net cash inflows from operating activities.
Net cash outflows from investing activities were $10.9$77.9 million in the first first six months of 2017,2018, compared to net cash inflowsoutflows of $38.2$10.9 million in the comparable six-month period of 2016.2017. In the first six months of 2017, investment securities transactions resulted in2018, net cash inflows of $24.2 million, compared to inflows of $51.9 million during the same period of 2016. Net cash outflows related to the net increase in loans were $34.2$78.2 million for the first six months of 2017,2018, compared with $17.6$34.2 million of net cash outflows related to the net increase in loans for the same period of 2016. Purchases of premises and equipment2017. Investment securities transactions resulted in $1.7net cash inflows of $2.3 million, cash outflows in the first six months of 2017, compared to outflowsinflows of $4.0$24.2 million induring the comparablesame period of 2016.2017.
Net cash outflowsinflows from financing activities in the first six months of 20172018 were $6.2$48.8 million, compared with net cash inflowsoutflows of $5.4$6.2 million for the same period of 2016.2017. The largest financing cash outflowsinflows during the six months ended June 30, 20172018 were an increase of $51.4 million in federal funds purchased, and a net decreaseincrease of $25.0$28.0 million in FHLB borrowings,borrowings. Uses of cash were a $22.0decrease of $21.2 million decrease in securities sold under agreementagreements to repurchase, the use of $3.9$4.8 million to pay dividends, and $2.5 million of payments on long-term debt. Sources of cash inflows during the first six months of 2017 were $24.4 million of proceeds, net of expenses, from the issuance of common stock, an increase of $13.3 million in deposits, and an increase of $9.6 million in federal funds purchased.
To further mitigate liquidity risk, the Bank has several sources of liquidity in place to maximize funding availability and increase the diversification of funding sources. The criteria for evaluating the use of these sources include volume concentration (percentage of liabilities), cost, volatility, and the fit with the current asset/liability management plan. These acceptable sources of liquidity include:
Federal Funds Lines
FHLB Borrowings
Brokered Deposits
Brokered Repurchase Agreements
Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window
Federal Funds Lines:
Routine liquidity requirements are met by fluctuations in the federal funds position of the Bank. The principal function of these funds is to maintain short-term liquidity. Unsecured federal funds purchased lines are viewed as a volatile liability and are not used as a long-term funding solution, especially when used to fund long-term assets. Multiple correspondent relationships are preferable and federal funds sold exposure to any one customer is continuously monitored. The current federal funds purchased limit is 10% of total assets, or the amount of established federal funds lines, whichever is smaller. Currently, the Bank has unsecured federal funds lines totaling $110.0$150.0 million, which lines are tested annually to ensure availability.

FHLB Borrowings:
FHLB borrowings provide both a source of liquidity and long-term funding for the Bank. Use of this type of funding is coordinated with both the strategic balance sheet growth projections and interest rate risk profile of the Bank. Factors that are taken into account when contemplating use of FHLB borrowings are the effective interest rate, the collateral requirements, community investment program credits, and the implications and cost of having to purchase incremental FHLB stock. As of June 30, 20172018, the Bank had $90.0143.0 million in outstanding FHLB borrowings, leaving $193.0117.4 million available for liquidity needs, based on collateral capacity. These borrowings are secured by various real estate loans (residential, commercial and agricultural).
Brokered Deposits:
The Bank has brokered certificate of deposit lines and deposit relationships available to help diversify its various funding sources. Brokered deposits offer several benefits relative to other funding sources, such as: maturity structures which cannot be duplicated in the current deposit market, deposit gathering which does not cannibalize the existing deposit base, the unsecured nature of these liabilities, and the ability to quickly generate funds. However, brokered deposits are often viewed as a volatile liability by banking regulators and market participants. This viewpoint, and the desire to not develop a large funding concentration in any one area outside of the Bank’s core market area, is reflected in an internal policy stating that the Bank limitlimits the use of brokered deposits as a funding source to no more than 10% of total assets. Board approval is required to exceed this limit. The BankUnder the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, signed into law by President Trump on May 24, 2018, a well-capitalized bank that has received an outstanding or good rating on its most recent examination will also havebe able to maintainhold reciprocal deposits up to the lesser of 20 percent of its total liabilities or $5 billion without those deposits being treated as brokered (reciprocal deposits over these amounts will be treated as brokered). Further, a “well capitalized” standingbank that drops below well-capitalized no longer requires a waiver from the FDIC to accesscontinue accepting reciprocal deposits so long as it does not receive an amount of reciprocal deposits that causes its reciprocal deposits to exceed a previous four-quarter average. Under these new regulations, there were no outstanding brokered deposits as an “adequately capitalized” rating would require an FDIC waiver to do so, and an “undercapitalized” rating would prohibit it from using brokered deposits altogether.at June 30, 2018.

Brokered Repurchase Agreements:
Brokered repurchase agreements may be established with approved brokerage firms and banks. Repurchase agreements create rollover risk (the risk that a broker will discontinue the relationship due to market factors) and are not used as a long-term funding solution, especially when used to fund long-term assets. Collateral requirements and availability are evaluated and monitored. The current policy limit for brokered repurchase agreements is 10% of total assets. There were no outstanding brokered repurchase agreements at June 30, 20172018.
Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window:
The Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window is another source of liquidity, particularly during difficult economic times. The Bank has a borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago limited by the amount of municipal securities pledged against the line. As of June 30, 20172018, the Bank had municipal securities with an approximate market value of $13.012.7 million pledged for liquidity purposes, and had a borrowing capacity of $11.7$11.4 million.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is defined as the exposure of net interest income and fair value of financial instruments (interest-earning assets, deposits and borrowings) to movements in interest rates. The Company’s results of operations depend to a large degree on its net interest income and its ability to manage interest rate risk. The Company considers interest rate risk to be one of its more significant market risks. The major sources of the Company's interest rate risk are timing differences in the maturity and re-pricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, changes in the shape of the yield curve, changes in customer behavior and changes in relationships between rate indices (basis risk). Management measures these risks and their impact in various ways, including through the use of income simulation and valuation analyses. The interest rate scenarios used in such analysis may include gradual or rapid changes in interest rates, spread narrowing and widening, yield curve twists and changes in assumptions about customer behavior in various interest rate scenarios. A mismatch between maturities, interest rate sensitivities and prepayment characteristics of assets and liabilities results in interest-rate risk. Like most financial institutions, we have material interest-rate risk exposure to changes in both short-term and long-term interest rates, as well as variable interest rate indices (e.g., the prime rate or LIBOR). There has been no material change in the Company’s interest rate profile between June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016.2017. The mix of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities has remained stable over the period.
The Bank’s asset and liability committee meets regularly and is responsible for reviewing its interest rate sensitivity position and establishing policies to monitor and limit exposure to interest rate risk. Our asset  and  liability  committee  seeks  to  manage interest  rate  risk  under a  variety of rate  environments  by structuring  our balance sheet and off-balance-sheet positions in such a way that changes in interest rates do not have a large negative impact. The risk is monitored and managed within approved policy limits.
We use a third-party service to model and measure our exposure to potential interest rate changes. For various assumed hypothetical  changes  in  market interest  rates,  numerous  other  assumptions  are  made, such  as  prepayment  speeds  on  loans  and securities backed by mortgages, the  slope  of the Treasury yield-curve, the  rates  and volumes of our deposits, and the  rates  and volumes of our loans. There are two primary tools used to evaluate interest rate risk: net interest income simulation and

economic value of equity ("EVE"). In addition, interest rate gap is reviewed to monitor asset and liability repricing over various time periods.
Net Interest Income Simulation:
Management utilizes net interest income simulation models to estimate the near-term effects of changing interest rates on its net interest income. Net interest income simulation involves forecasting net interest income under a variety of scenarios, which include varying the level of interest rates and the shape of the yield curve. Management exercises its best judgment in making assumptions regarding events that management can influence, such as non-contractual deposit re-pricings, and events outside management's control, such as customer behavior on loan and deposit activity and the effect that competition has on both loan and deposit pricing. These assumptions are subjective and, as a result, net interest income simulation results will differ from actual results due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, changes in market conditions, customer behavior and management strategies, among other factors. We perform various sensitivity analyses on assumptions of deposit attrition and deposit re-pricing.

The following table presents the anticipated effect on net interest income over a twelve month period if short- and long-term interest rates were to sustain an immediate decrease of 100 basis points or 200 basis points, or an immediate increase of 100 basis points or 200 basis points:
  Immediate Change in Rates 
  -100 +100 +200 
 (dollars in thousands)      
 June 30, 2017      
 Dollar change$(945) $130
 $(68) 
 Percent change(1.0)% 0.1% (0.1)% 
 December 31, 2016      
 Dollar change$(1,276) $157
 $453
 
 Percent change(1.3)% 0.2% 0.5 % 
  Immediate Change in Rates 
 (dollars in thousands)-200 -100 +100 +200 
 June 30, 2018        
 Dollar change$(244) $(545) $(982) $(2,432) 
 Percent change(0.2)% (0.5)% (1.0)% (2.4)% 
 December 31, 2017        
 Dollar change$(2,873) $(729) $55
 $(361) 
 Percent change(2.8)% (0.7)% 0.1 % (0.4)% 
As of June 30, 2017, 38.1%2018, 37.9% of the Company’s earning asset balances will reprice or are expected to pay down in the next twelve months, and 64.4%63.5% of the Company’s deposit balances are low cost or no cost deposits.
Economic Value of Equity:
Management also uses EVE to measure risk in the balance sheet that might not be taken into account in the net interest income simulation analysis. Net interest income simulation highlights exposure over a relatively short time period, while EVE analysis incorporates all cash flows over the estimated remaining life of all balance sheet positions. The valuation of the balance sheet, at a point in time, is defined as the discounted present value of asset cash flows minus the discounted present value of liability cash flows. EVE analysis addresses only the current balance sheet and does not incorporate the run-off replacement assumptions that are used in the net interest income simulation model. As with the net interest income simulation model, EVE analysis is based on key assumptions about the timing and variability of balance sheet cash flows and does not take into account any potential responses by management to anticipated changes in interest rates.
Interest Rate Gap:
The interest rate gap is the difference between earninginterest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities re-pricing within a given period and represents the net asset or liability sensitivity at a point in time. An interest rate gap measure could be significantly affected by external factors such as loan prepayments, early withdrawals of deposits, changes in the correlation of various interest-bearing instruments, competition, or a rise or decline in interest rates.


Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of certain members of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we completed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of June 30, 20172018. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report with respect to timely communication to them and other members of management responsible for preparing periodic reports of material information required to be disclosed in this report as it relates to the Company and our consolidated subsidiaries.

The effectiveness of our or any system of disclosure controls and procedures is subject to certain limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, and evaluating the controls and procedures, the assumptions used in identifying the likelihood of future events, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. As a result, there can be no assurance that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors or fraud or ensure that all material information will be made known to appropriate management in a timely fashion. By their nature, our or any system of disclosure controls and procedures can provide only reasonable assurance regarding management’s control objectives.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.





PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
The Company and its subsidiaries are from time to time parties to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. We believe that there are no threatened or pending proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Company’s business, against the Company or its subsidiaries or of which any of their property is the subject, which, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on the business or financial condition of the Company.


Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes fromThe Company has made the following addition to the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2016. Please refer2017:
Changes in U.S. trade policies, such as the implementation of tariffs, and other factors beyond the Company’s control may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In recent months, the U.S. government implemented tariffs on certain products, and certain countries or entities, such as Mexico, Canada, China and the European Union, have issued or continue to threaten retaliatory tariffs against products from the United States, including agricultural products. Additional tariffs and retaliatory tariffs may be imposed in the future by the United States and these and other countries. Tariffs, retaliatory tariffs or other trade restrictions on products and materials that sectionour customers import or export, including among others, agricultural products, could cause the prices of our Form 10-Kcustomers’ products to increase which could reduce demand for disclosures regardingsuch products, or reduce our customer margins, and adversely impact their revenues, financial results and ability to service debt, which, in turn, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, to the risksextent changes in the political environment have a negative impact on us or on the markets in which we operate, our business, results of operations and uncertainties related to our business.financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted in the future.


Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
         
We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the second quarter of 2017.
On July 21, 2016, the board of directors of the Company approved a new share repurchase program, allowing for the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of stock through December 31, 2018. The new repurchase program replaced the Company’s prior repurchase program, pursuant to which the Company had repurchased $1.2$1.1 million of common stock since the plan was announced in July 2014. Pursuant to the repurchase program, the Company may continue to repurchase shares from time to time in the open market, and the method, timing and amounts of repurchase will be solely in the discretion of the Company’s management. The repurchase program does not require the Company to acquire a specific number of shares. Therefore, the amount of shares repurchased pursuant to the program will depend on several factors, including market conditions, capital and liquidity requirements, and alternative uses for cash available. Of the $5.0 million of stock authorized under the repurchase plan, $5.0$3.9 million remained available for possible future repurchases as of June 30, 2017.2018.


Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.


Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not Applicable.


Item 5. Other Information.
None.



Item 6. Exhibits.
Exhibit
Number
 Description Incorporated by Reference to:
     
Employment Agreement between MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. and Barry S. Ray, effective June 4, 2018
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 4, 2018
Employment Agreement between MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. and Gary L. Sims, effective June 25, 2018
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 11, 2018
 Certification of ChiefPrincipal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) Filed herewith
   
 Certification of ChiefPrincipal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) Filed herewith
   
 Certification of ChiefPrincipal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Filed herewith
   
 Certification of ChiefPrincipal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002Filed herewith
101.INSXBRL Instance Document Filed herewith
     
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document Filed herewith
     
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document Filed herewith
     
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document Filed herewith
     
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document Filed herewith
     
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document Filed herewith
     
  

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
   
MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
  
       
Dated:August 3, 20172, 2018 By: 
/s/ CHARLES N. FUNK
  
     Charles N. Funk  
     President and Chief Executive Officer 
     (Principal Executive Officer) 
       
   By: 
/s/ KATIE A. LORENSONBARRY S. RAY
  
     Katie A. LorensonBarry S. Ray  
     Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 
     (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 
 


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