UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d)15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT

    OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017  COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-12436

COLONY BANKCORP, INC.

(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)

GEORGIA58-1492391
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF(I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION)IDENTIFICATION NUMBER)

115 SOUTH GRANT STREET, FITZGERALD, GEORGIA 31750

ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES

229/426-6000

REGISTRANT’S TELEPHONE NUMBER INCLUDING AREA CODE

INDICATE BY CHECK MARK WHETHER THE REGISTRANT (1) HAS FILED REPORTS REQUIRED

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
OR
☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO BE FILED BY SECTIONSSECTION 13 OR 15 (d)15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 DURING THE PRECEDING
For the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission File Number: 000-12436
COLONY BANKCORP, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Georgia58-1492391
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

115 South Grant Street, Fitzgerald, Georgia 31750
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(229) 426-6000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $1.00 per shareCBANThe NASDAQ Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the 12 MONTHS (OR FOR SUCH SHORTER PERIOD THAT THE REGISTRANT WAS REQUIRED TO FILE SUCH REPORTS)months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), ANDand (2) HAS BEEN SUBJECT TO SUCH FILING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PASThas been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 DAYS.

YES   X     NO

INDICATE BY CHECK MARK WHETHER THE REGISTRANT HAS SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY AND POSTED ON ITS CORPORATE WEB SITE, IF ANY, EVERY INTERACTIVE DATA FILE REQUIRED TO BE SUBMITTED AND POSTED PURSUANT TO RULEdays.     Yes              No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 OF REGULATIONof Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes              No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerate Filer      Accelerated Filer        Non-accelerated Filer
Smaller Reporting Company      Emerging Growth Company 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with the new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: As of May 9, 2023, the registrant had 17,592,459 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share, issued and outstanding.



TABLE OF THIS CHAPTER) DURING THE PRECEDING 12 MONTHS (OR FOR SUCH SHORTER PERIOD THAT THE REGISTRANT WAS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT AND POST SUCH FILES).

YES   X     NO

INDICATE BY CHECK MARK WHETHER THE REGISTRANT IS A LARGE ACCELERATED FILER, AN ACCELERATED FILER, A NON-ACCELERATED FILER, SMALLER REPORTING COMPANY, OR AN EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY. SEE THE DEFINITIONS OF “LARGE ACCELERATED FILER,” “ACCELERATED FILER,” “SMALLER REPORTING COMPANY,” AND “EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY” IN RULE 12b-2 OF THE EXCHANGE ACT.

CONTENTS

LARGE ACCELERATED FILER

ACCELERATED FILER

Page

NON-ACCELERATED FILER  

(DO NOT CHECK IF A SMALLER REPORTING COMPANY)

SMALLER REPORTING COMPANY

EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY

IF AN EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY, INDICATE BY CHECK MARK IF THE REGISTRANT HAS ELECTED NOT TO USE THE EXTENDED TRANSITION PERIOD FOR COMPLYING WITH ANY NEW OR REVISED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS PROVIDED PURSUANT TO SECITON 13(A) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT.


INDICATE BY CHECK MARK WHETHER THE REGISTRANT IS A SHELL COMPANY (AS DEFINED IN RULE 12B-2 OF THE EXCHANGE ACT).

YES          NO   X

INDICATE THE NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING OF EACH OF THE ISSUER’S CLASSES OF COMMON STOCK, AS OF THE LATEST PRACTICABLE DATE.

CLASSOUTSTANDING AT OCTOBER31, 2017
COMMON STOCK, $1 PAR VALUE8,439,258


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
PART I – Financial Information
Forward Looking Statement Disclosure4
Item 1.Financial Statements6
43
59
59
Item 6. Exhibits60
Signatures63


Forward Looking Statement Disclosure

Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report that are not statements of historical fact constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the Act), notwithstanding that such statements are not specifically identified. In addition, certain statements may be contained in the Company’s future filings with the SEC, in press releases, and in oral and written statements made by or with the approval of the Company that are not statements of historical fact and constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Act. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) projections of revenues, income or loss, earnings or loss per share, the payment or nonpayment of dividends, capital structure and other financial items; (ii) statements of plans and objectives of Colony Bankcorp, Inc. or its management or Board of Directors, including those relating to products or services; (ii) statements of future economic performance; and (iv) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. Words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “targeted,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.

Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

Local and regional economic conditions and the impact they may have on the Company and its customers and the Company’s assessment of that impact.

Changes in estimates of future reserve requirements based upon the periodic review thereof under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements.

The effects of and changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board.

Inflation, interest rate, market and monetary fluctuations.

Political instability.

Acts of war, terrorism or cyberterrorism.

The timely development and acceptance of new products and services and perceived overall value of these products and services by users.

Changes in consumer spending, borrowings and savings habits.

Technological changes.

Acquisitions and integration of acquired businesses.

The ability to increase market share and control expenses.

The effect of changes in laws and regulations (including laws and regulations concerning taxes, banking, securities and insurance) with which the Company and its subsidiary must comply.

The effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other accounting standard setters.

Changes in the Company’s organization, compensation and benefit plans.

The costs and effects of litigation and of unexpected or adverse outcomes in such litigation.

Greater than expected costs or difficulties related to the integration of new lines of business.

The Company’s success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items.


Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Readers should carefully review all disclosures we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).


PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THE FOLLOWING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE PROVIDED FOR COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND ITS WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY BANK, COLONY BANK

A.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS – SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2016 (AUDITED).
B.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME – FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016 AND FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED).

C.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016 AND FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED).

D.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016 (UNAUDITED).

THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FURNISHED HAVE NOT BEEN AUDITED BY INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS, BUT REFLECT, IN THE OPINION OF MANAGEMENT, ALL ADJUSTMENTS (CONSISTING SOLELY OF NORMAL RECURRING ADJUSTMENTS) NECESSARY FOR A FAIR PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE PERIODS PRESENTED.

THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE NINE MONTH PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 ARE NOT NECESSARILY INDICATIVE OF THE RESULTS TO BE EXPECTED FOR THE FULL YEAR.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND DECEMBER 31, 2016

(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

 

 

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 
ASSETS 

(Unaudited)

  

(Audited)

 
       

Cash and Cash Equivalents

        

Cash and Due from Banks

 $18,848  $28,822 
         

Interest-Bearing Deposits

  12,752   46,345 

Investment Securities

        

Available for Sale, at Fair Value

  338,249   323,658 
         

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock, at Cost

  3,255   3,010 

Loans

  770,046   754,283 

Allowance for Loan Losses

  (7,977)  (8,923)

Unearned Interest and Fees

  (430)  (361)
   761,639   744,999 

Premises and Equipment

  27,616   27,969 

Other Real Estate (Net of Allowance of $1,373 and $1,878 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Respectively)

  4,520   6,439 

Other Intangible Assets

  54   81 

Other Assets

  28,460   29,119 

Total Assets

 $1,195,393  $1,210,442 
         

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

        

Deposits

        

Noninterest-Bearing

 $162,706  $159,059 

Interest-Bearing

  857,557   885,298 
   1,020,263   1,044,357 

Borrowed Money

        

Subordinated Debentures

  24,229   24,229 

Other Borrowed Money

  56,000   46,000 
   80,229   70,229 
         

Other Liabilities

  3,299   2,468 
         

Stockholders' Equity

        

Preferred Stock, Stated Value $1,000 a Share; Authorized 10,000,000 Shares, Issued Shares of 0 and 9,360 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Respectively

  -   9,360 

Common Stock, Par Value $1 a Share; Authorized 20,000,000 Shares, Issued 8,439,258 Shares as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016

  8,439   8,439 

Paid-In Capital

  29,145   29,145 

Retained Earnings

  57,794   51,466 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss), Net of Tax Benefits

  (3,776)  (5,022)
   91,602   93,388 

Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

 $1,195,393  $1,210,442 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.


Mine Safety Disclosures

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016

AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016

(UNAUDITED)

(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2016

  

September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2016

 

Interest Income

                

Loans, Including Fees

 $9,754  $9,810  $28,884  $29,135 

Deposits with Other Banks

  52   18   166   79 

Investment Securities

                

U.S. Government Agencies

  1,684   1,266   4,932   3,978 

State, County and Municipal

  27   30   87   97 

Corporate Debt

  23   -   59   - 

Dividends on Other Investments

  38   32   109   97 
   11,578   11,156   34,237   33,386 

Interest Expense

                

Deposits

  1,191   1,187   3,559   3,580 

Federal Funds Purchased

  -   -   3   - 

Borrowed Money

  544   413   1,554   1,269 
   1,735   1,600   5,116   4,849 
                 

Net Interest Income

  9,843   9,556   29,121   28,537 

Provision for Loan Losses

  -   354   335   1,062 

Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses

  9,843   9,202   28,786   27,475 
                 

Noninterest Income

                

Service Charges on Deposits

  1,169   1,128   3,315   3,185 

Other Service Charges, Commissions and Fees

  741   686   2,300   2,104 

Mortgage Fee Income

  241   254   629   507 

Securities Gains (Losses)

  -   256   -   385 

Other

  273   313   974   980 
   2,424   2,637   7,218   7,161 

Noninterest Expenses

                

Salaries and Employee Benefits

  4,802   4,726   14,467   13,825 

Occupancy and Equipment

  1,014   1,025   2,965   2,967 

Other

  2,564   2,903   7,976   8,451 
   8,380   8,654   25,408   25,243 
                 

Income Before Income Taxes

  3,887   3,185   10,596   9,393 

Income Taxes

  1,265   927   3,424   2,907 

Net Income

  2,622   2,258   7,172   6,486 

Preferred Stock Dividends

  -   378   211   1,189 

Net Income Available to Common Stockholders

 $2,622  $1,880  $6,961  $5,297 

Net Income Per Share of Common Stock

                

Basic

 $0.31  $0.22  $0.82  $0.63 

Diluted

 $0.30  $0.22  $0.81  $0.62 

Cash Dividends Declared Per Share of Common Stock

 $0.025  $-  $0.075  $- 

Weighted Average Basic Shares Outstanding

  8,439,258   8,439,258   8,439,258   8,439,258 

Weighted Average Diluted Shares Outstanding

  8,629,523   8,506,268   8,631,566   8,495,752 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016

(UNAUDITED)

(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2016

  

September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2016

 
                 

Net Income

 $2,622  $2,258  $7,172  $6,486 
                 

Other Comprehensive Income:

                
                 

Gains (Losses) on Securities

                

Arising During the Year

  300   (1,182)  1,888   5,905 

Tax Effect

  (102)  402   (642)  (2,008)

Realized Gains on Sale of AFS Securities

  -   (256)  -   (385)

Tax Effect

  -   87   -   131 
                 

Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale, Net of Reclassification Adjustment and Tax Effects

  198   (949)  1,246   3,643 
                 

Comprehensive Income

 $2,820  $1,309  $8,418  $10,129 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.







PART I (Continued)

I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 (Continued)

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016

(UNAUDITED)

(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2016

 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

        

Net Income

 $7,172  $6,486 

Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:

        

Depreciation

  1,240   1,178 

Provision for Loan Losses

  335   1,062 

Securities (Gains)

  -   (385)

Amortization and Accretion

  1,077   1,142 

(Gain) on Sale of Other Real Estate and Repossessions

  (111)  (17)

Provision for Losses on Other Real Estate

  256   126 

Increase in Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance

  (404)  (416)

(Gain) Loss on Sale of Premises & Equipment

  (11)  80 

Other Prepaids, Deferrals and Accruals, Net

  1,344   340 
   10,898   9,596 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

        

Purchases of Investment Securities Available for Sale

  (54,448)  (49,355)

Proceeds from Maturities, Calls, and Paydowns of Investment Securities:

        

Available for Sale

  40,698   39,022 

Proceeds from Sale of Investment Securities

        

Available for Sale

  -   25,210 

Interest-Bearing Deposits in Other Banks

  33,593   24,743 

Net Loans to Customers

  (18,360)  (21,968)

Purchase of Premises and Equipment

  (913)  (2,635)

Proceeds from Sale of Other Real Estate and Repossessions

  3,168   2,981 

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

  (245)  (279)

Proceeds from Sale of Premises and Equipment

  38   86 
   3,531   17,805 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

        

Noninterest-Bearing Customer Deposits

  3,647   5,055 

Interest-Bearing Customer Deposits

  (27,741)  (38,019)

Dividends Paid for Preferred Stock

  (316)  (1,230)

Dividends Paid for Common Stock

  (633)  - 

Redemption of Preferred Stock

  (9,360)  (3,661)

Payments on Other Borrowed Money

  (16)  (4,000)

Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank Advances

  5,000   10,000 

Proceeds from Other Borrowed Money

  5,016   - 
   (24,403)  (31,855)
         

Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents

  (9,974)  (4,454)

Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period

  28,822   22,257 

Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period

 $18,848  $17,803 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

1. Financial Statements

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO

Consolidated Balance Sheets
 March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)(Unaudited)(Audited)
ASSETS  
Cash and due from banks$25,283 $20,584 
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks56,683 60,094 
Cash and cash equivalents81,966 80,678 
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value434,705 432,553 
Investment securities held to maturity, at amortized cost463,946 465,858 
Other investments, at cost14,999 13,793 
Loans held for sale13,623 17,743 
Loans1,799,853 1,737,106 
Allowance for credit losses on loans(16,599)(16,128)
      Loans, net1,783,254 1,720,978 
Premises and equipment41,867 41,606 
Other real estate owned651 651 
Goodwill48,923 48,923 
Other intangible assets5,262 5,664 
Bank-owned life insurance55,848 55,504 
Deferred income taxes, net26,254 28,199 
Other assets25,643 24,420 
Total assets$2,996,941 $2,936,570 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing$537,928 $569,170 
Interest-bearing1,978,201 1,921,827 
Total deposits2,516,129 2,490,997 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances165,000 125,000 
Other borrowings63,375 78,352 
Other liabilities13,660 11,953 
Total liabilities$2,758,164 $2,706,302 
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively— — 
Common stock, par value $1.00 per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized, 17,593,879 and 17,598,123 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively17,594 17,598 
Paid in capital167,922 167,537 
Retained earnings113,485 111,573 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax(60,224)(66,440)
Total stockholders' equity238,777 230,268 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$2,996,941 $2,936,570 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).



COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)
 Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
Interest income  
Loans, including fees$22,153 $16,010 
Investment securities5,860 4,171 
Federal funds sold, interest bearing deposits in banks and short term investments357 56 
Total interest income28,370 20,237 
Interest expense
Deposits4,999 599 
Federal funds purchased88 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances1,626 249 
Other borrowings1,089 201 
Total interest expense7,802 1,049 
Net interest income20,568 19,188 
Provision for credit losses (1)
900 50 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses19,668 19,138 
Noninterest income
Service charges on deposits1,914 1,825 
Mortgage fee income1,183 2,912 
Gain on sales of SBA loans1,057 1,726 
Gain on sales of securities— 24 
Interchange fees2,068 2,000 
BOLI Income331 312 
Other1,106 353 
Total noninterest income7,659 9,152 
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits12,609 13,272 
Occupancy and equipment1,622 1,619 
Information technology expenses2,180 2,354 
Professional fees715 869 
Advertising and public relations993 766 
Communications294 437 
Other2,752 2,488 
Total noninterest expense21,165 21,805 
Income before income taxes6,162 6,485 
Income taxes1,119 1,161 
Net income$5,043 $5,324 
Earnings per common share:
Basic$0.29 $0.34 
Diluted0.29 0.34 
Dividends declared per share0.11 0.1075 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic17,595,688 15,877,695 
Diluted17,595,688 15,877,695 
(1) Beginning January 1, 2023, provision calculation is based on current expected loss methodology. Prior to January 1, 2023, calculation was based on incurred loss methodology.

 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).


4


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (unaudited)
 Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
Net income$5,043 $5,324 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities arising during the period13,719 (28,774)
Tax effect(2,488)5,467 
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of unrealized holding losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from the transfer of securities from available for sale to held to maturity(6,126)(9,507)
   Tax effect1,111 1,806 
Realized gains on sales of available for sale securities— (24)
Tax effect— 
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale, net of reclassification adjustment and tax effects6,216 (31,027)
Comprehensive income (loss)$11,259 $(25,703)

 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

5


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)Common Stock
Three Months EndedSharesAmountPaid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
Balance, December 31, 202217,598,123 $17,598 $167,537 $111,573 $(66,440)$230,268 
Cumulative change in accounting principle for ASU 2016-13, net of tax (1)
— — — (1,198)— (1,198)
 Other comprehensive income— — — — 6,216 6,216 
Dividends on common shares ($0.1100 per share)— — — (1,933)— (1,933)
    Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures1,546 (2)— — — 
   Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock(5,790)(6)(67)— — (73)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 454 — — 454 
Net income— — — 5,043 — 5,043 
Balance, March 31, 202317,593,879 17,594 167,922 113,485 (60,224)238,777 
Balance, December 31, 202113,673,898 $13,674 $111,021 $99,189 $(6,177)$217,707 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (31,027)(31,027)
Dividends on common shares ($0.1075 per share)— — — (1,477)— (1,477)
Issuance of common stock3,848,485 3,848 55,620 — — 59,468 
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures63,950 64 (64)— — — 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 282 — — 282 
Net income— — — 5,324 — 5,324 
Balance, March 31, 202217,586,333 $17,586 $166,859 $103,036 $(37,204)$250,277 
(1) Represents the impact of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-13: CECL

 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).




6


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
 Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
Operating Activities  
Net income$5,043 $5,324 
Adjustments reconciling net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses900 50 
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion2,233 3,115 
Equity method investment (loss) income(88)292 
Share-based compensation expense454 282 
Net change in servicing asset(219)(359)
Gain on sales of securities, available-for-sale— (24)
Gain on sales of SBA loans(1,057)(1,726)
Donation of other real estate owned— 35 
(Gain) loss on sales of premises & equipment18 (31)
Originations of loans held for sale(43,910)(89,078)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale49,087 104,726 
Change in bank-owned life insurance(344)(329)
Deferred tax benefit228 (230)
Change in other assets(1,004)1,063 
Change in other liabilities45 (1,168)
Net cash provided by operating activities11,386 21,942 
Investing Activities
Purchases of investment securities, available-for-sale(3,518)(90,258)
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and paydowns of investment securities, available-for-sale7,924 17,618 
Proceeds from sales of investment securities, available-for-sale— 3,061 
Proceeds from maturities, calls and paydowns of securities, held-to-maturity2,575 2,340 
Change in loans, net(63,194)(16,365)
Purchase of premises and equipment(893)(692)
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment— 40 
Redemption of other investments702 — 
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank Stock(1,820)(107)
Net cash used in investing activities(58,224)(84,363)
Financing Activities
Change in noninterest-bearing customer deposits(31,242)5,409 
Change in interest-bearing customer deposits56,374 (29,231)
Issuance of common stock, net of stock issuance cost— 59,468 
Dividends paid for common stock(1,933)(1,477)
Repayments on Federal Home Loan Bank Advances(280,000)— 
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank Advances320,000 — 
   Repayments on Other borrowings(15,000)(12,563)
   Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock(73)— 
Net cash provided by financing activities48,126 21,606 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents1,288 (40,815)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period80,678 197,232 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$81,966 $156,417 





7


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(1) OF CASH FLOW (unaudited)

Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information  
Cash paid during the period for interest$6,734 $1,109 
Cash paid during the period for income taxes
Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
Goodwill adjustment— (4)
Carrying amount of Securities AFS transferred to HTM, net of $13.1 million, respectively, unrealized loss— 320,116 
 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

8

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Presentation

Colony Bankcorp, Inc. (the Company)“Company”) is a bank holding company located in Fitzgerald, Georgia. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Colony Bank, Fitzgerald, Georgia (the Bank)“Bank”). All significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounting and reporting policies“Company” or “our,” as used herein, includes Colony Bank, except where the context requires otherwise.
In July 2019, a new subsidiary of the Company conform to generally accepted accounting principleswas incorporated under the name Colony Risk Management, Inc. Colony Risk Management, Inc. is a subsidiary of the Company and practices utilizedis located in the commercial banking industry.

All dollars in notes to consolidated financial statements are rounded to the nearest thousand, except for per share amounts.

The consolidated financial statements in this report are unaudited, exceptLas Vegas, Nevada. It is a captive insurance subsidiary which insures various liability and property damage policies for the December 31, 2016 consolidated balance sheet. Company and its related subsidiaries. Colony Risk Management is regulated by the State of Nevada Division of Insurance.

All adjustments consisting of normal recurring accruals which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair presentation of the interim consolidated financial statements, have been included and fairly and accurately present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company. All significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to generally accepted accounting principles and practices utilized in the commercial banking industry for interim financial information and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information or notes required for complete financial statements.
The results of operations for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the entire year.

year ending December 31, 2023. These statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”).

Nature of Operations

The Bank provides a full range of retail, commercial and commercialmortgage banking services for consumers and small- to medium-size businesses located primarily in north central, south and coastal Georgia.Georgia and in Alabama through two loan production offices. The Bank is headquartered in Fitzgerald, Georgia with banking and mortgage offices in Albany, Ashburn, Athens, Broxton, Centerville, Columbus, Cordele, Douglas, Eastman, Fitzgerald, LaGrange, Leesburg, Macon, Moultrie, Quitman, Rochelle, Savannah, Soperton, Sylvester, Statesboro, Thomaston,Sylvester, Tifton, Valdosta and Warner Robins.Robins and loan production offices in Birmingham and Huntsville, Alabama. Lending and investing activities are funded primarily by deposits gathered through its retail banking office network.

Use of Estimates

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses andcredit losses, the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans.

loans and fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including goodwill impairment.

Reclassifications

In certain instances, amounts reported in prior yearsyears’ consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to statement presentations selected for 2017.2023. Such reclassifications have not materially affected previously reported stockholders’ equity or net income.



9

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of credit risk can exist in relation to individual borrowers or groups of borrowers, certain types of collateral, certain types of industries, or certain geographic regions. The Company has a concentration in real estate loans as well as a geographic concentration that could pose an adverse credit risk.risk. At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, approximately 86 percent86% of the Company’s loan portfolio was concentrated in loans secured by real estate. A substantial portion of borrowers’ ability to honor their contractual obligations is dependent upon the viability of the real estate economic sector. Collateral real estate values that secure land development, construction and speculative real estate loans in the Company’s larger Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) markets have resulted in high loan loss provisions in recent years. In addition, a large portion of the Company’s foreclosed assets are also located in these same geographic markets, making the recovery of the carrying amount of foreclosed assets susceptible to changes in market conditions. Management continues to monitor these concentrations and has considered these concentrations in its allowance for loancredit loss analysis.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Concentrations of Credit Risk (Continued)

The success of the Company is dependent, to a certain extent, upon the economic conditions in the geographic markets it serves. Adverse changes in the economic conditions in these geographic markets would likely have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. The operating results of the Company depend primarily on its net interest income. Accordingly, operations are subject to risks and uncertainties surrounding the exposure to changes in the interest rate environment.

At times, the Company may have cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions in excess of federal deposit insurance limits. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions whose credit ratings are monitored by management to minimize credit risk.

Investment Securities

Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") – Loans
The current expected credit loss (“CECL”) approach requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). It replaces the incurred loss approach’s threshold that delayed the recognition of a credit loss until it was probable a loss event was incurred. The estimate of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. The Company classifies its investment securitiesthen considers whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the historical period used. The Company also considers future economic conditions and portfolio performance as trading, available for sale or heldpart of a reasonable and supportable forecast period.
The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans' amortized cost basis to maturity. Securities that are held principally for resale inpresent the near term are classified as trading. Trading securities are carried at fair value, with realized and unrealized gains and losses included in noninterest income. Currently, no securities are classified as trading. Securities acquired with both the intent and abilitynet amount expected to be held to maturitycollected on the loans. Loans are classified as held to maturity and reported at amortized cost. All securities not classified as trading or held to maturity are considered available for sale. Securities available for sale are reported at estimated fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale arecharged off against the ACL when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from earningsthe estimate of credit losses.
Management determines the ACL balance using relevant available information from internal and are reported, netexternal sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit behaviors along with model judgments provide the basis for the estimation of deferred taxes, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses from sales of securities available for sale are computed using the specific identification method. Securities available for sale includes securities whichexpected credit losses. Adjustments to modeled loss estimates may be sold to meet liquidity needs arising from unanticipated deposit and loan fluctuations,made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in regulatory capital requirements,environmental conditions, such as changes in economic conditions, property values, or unforeseenother relevant factors. For the majority of loans and leases the ACL is calculated using a discounted cash flow methodology applied at a loan level with a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period and a two-year straight-line reversion period.
The ACL-loans is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments and calculates the ACL for each using a discounted cash flow methodology at the loan level, with loss rates, prepayment assumptions and curtailment assumptions driven by each loan’s collateral type:
Construction, land & land development - Risks common to construction, land & development loans are cost overruns, changes in market conditions.

The Company evaluates each helddemand for property, inadequate long-term financing arrangements and declines in real estate values.

Other commercial real estate - Loans in this category are susceptible to maturitybusiness failure and availablegeneral economic conditions declines in real estate value, declines in occupancy rates, and lack of suitable alternative use for sale security in a loss position for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI). In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, management considers such factors as the length of time andproperty.
Commercial, financial & agricultural - Risks to this loan category include the extentinability to whichmonitor the market value has been below cost, the financial condition of the issuercollateral, which often consists of inventory, accounts receivable and other non-real estate assets. Equipment and

10

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
inventory obsolescence can also pose a risk. Declines in general economic conditions and other events can cause cash flows to fall to levels insufficient to service debt.
Residential real estate - Residential real estate loans are susceptible to weakening general economic conditions, increases in unemployment rates and declining real estate values.
Consumer and other - Risks common to consumer direct loans include unemployment and changes in local economic conditions as well as the Company’s intentinability to sellmonitor collateral consisting of personal property.
When management determines that foreclosure is probable or when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the reporting date and whether itrepayment is more likely than not thatexpected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.
Allowance for Credit Losses – Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures
Management estimates expected credit losses on commitments to extend credit over the contractual period during which the Company will be requiredis exposed to sellcredit risk on the security before anticipated recoveryunderlying commitments. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the amortized cost basis. Iflikelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The ACL is calculated using the same aggregate reserve rates calculated for the funded portion of loans at the portfolio level applied to the amount of commitments expected to fund.
Allowance for Credit Losses – Held-to-Maturity ("HTM")
Management measures current expected credit losses on HTM debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. The estimate of current expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management classifies the HTM portfolio into the following major security types: U.S. Treasuries, U.S. agencies and state, county and municipal, and mortgage-backed securities. Accrued interest receivable on HTM debt is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
All of the residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities held by the Company as HTM are issued by U.S. Government agencies and government sponsored entities. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. The state and political subdivision securities are also highly rated by major rating agencies.
Allowance for Credit Losses – Available-for-Sale Securities ("AFS")
For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or ifwhether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery, the OTTI write-down is recognized in earnings. If the Company does not intend to sell the security or it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the OTTI write-downcriteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is separated into an amount representingmet, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss whichexists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is recognized in earningsless than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount related to all other factors, whichthat the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any amount of unrealized loss that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Investment in stockincome. Accrued interest receivable on AFS debt securities is excluded from the estimate of a Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) isrequired for every federally insured institution that utilizes its services. FHLB stock is considered restricted, as definedcredit losses.

Changes in the accounting standards. The FHLB stock is reported in the consolidated financial statements at cost. Dividend income is recognized when earned.

Loans

Loans that the Company has the ability and intent to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturityACL are recorded at their principal amount outstanding, net of unearned interest and fees. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and amortized over the estimated terms of the loans using the straight-line method. Interest income on loans is recognized using the effective interest method.

A loan is considered to be delinquent when payments have not been made according to contractual terms, typically evidenced by nonpayment of a monthly installment by the due date.

When management believes there is sufficient doubt as to the collectability of principal or interest on any loan or generally when loans are 90 days or more past due, the accrual of applicable interest is discontinued and the loan is designated as nonaccrual, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. Interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are either applied against principal or reported as income, according to management’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. Loans are returned to an accrual status when factors indicating doubtful collectability on a timely basis no longer exist.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Loans Modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring (TDR)

Loans are considered to have been modified in a TDR when, due to a borrower’s financial difficulty, the Company makes certain concessions to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider for new debt with similar risk characteristics. Modifications may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness, forbearance, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. Generally, a non-accrual loan that has been modified in a TDR remains on non-accrual status for a period of 6 months to demonstrate that the borrower is able to meet the terms of the modified loan. However, performance prior to the modification, or significant events that coincide with the modification, are included in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms and may result in the loan being returned to accrual status at the time of loan modification or after a shorter performance period. If the borrower’s ability to meet the revised payment schedule is uncertain, the loan remains on non-accrual status. Once a loan is modified in a troubled debt restructuring it is accounted for as an impaired loan, regardless of its accrual status, until the loan is paid in full, sold or charged off. A TDR may cease being classified as impaired if the loan is subsequently modified at market terms and, has performed according to the modified terms for at least six months, and there has not been any prior principal forgiveness on a cumulative basis.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses(or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowanceACL when management believes the inability to collect a loan balanceuncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic reviewconfirmed or when either of the collectabilitycriteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.


11

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Changes in Accounting Principles
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses(Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended, was adopted by the loans in lightCompany on January 1, 2023, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) methodology. The measurement of historical experience,expected credit losses under the natureCECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and volumeheld-to-maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of specific, historical and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as either doubtful, substandard or special mention. For such loans that are also classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan are lower than the carrying value of that loan. The historical component covers nonclassified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. A general component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The general component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and historical losses in the portfolio. General valuation allowances are based on internal and external qualitative risk factors such as (1) changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collections, charge offs, and recovery practices, (2) changes in international, national, regional, and local conditions, (3) changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and terms of loans, (4) changes in the experience, depth, and ability of lending management, (5) changes in the volume and severity of past due loanscredit, financial guarantees, and other similar conditions, (6)instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842 on leases. In addition, ASC 326 made changes in the quality of the organization's loan review system, (7) changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans, (8) the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the levels of such concentrations, and (9) the effect of other external factors (i.e. competition, legal and regulatory requirements) on the level of estimated credit losses.

Loans identified as losses by management, internal loan review and/or regulatory agencies are charged off.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasonsaccounting for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relationavailable-for-sale debt securities. One such change is to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(1)Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

A significant portion of the Company’s impaired loans are deemedrequire credit losses to be collateral dependent. Management therefore measures impairmentpresented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on these loans based on the fair value of the collateral. Collateral values are determined based on appraisals performed by qualified licensed appraisers hired by the Company or by senior members of the Company’s credit administration staff. The decision whether or not to obtain an external third-party appraisal usually depends on the type of property being evaluated. External appraisals are usually obtained on more complex, income producing properties such as hotels, shopping centers and businesses. Less complex properties such as residential lots, farm land and single family houses may be evaluated internally by senior credit administration staff. When the Company does obtain appraisals from external third-parties, the values utilized in the impairment calculation are “as is” or current market values. The appraisals, whether prepared internally or externally, may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales, income and cost approach. Appraised amounts used in the impairment calculation are typically discounted 10 percent to account for selling and marketing costs, if the repayment of the loan is to come from the sale of the collateral. Although appraisals are not obtained each year on all impaired loans, the collateral values used in the impairment calculations are evaluated quarterly by management. Based on management’s knowledge of the collateral and the current real estate market conditions, appraised values may be further discounted to reflect facts and circumstances known toavailable-for-sale debt securities management since the most recent appraisal was performed.

Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are typically significant and result in a level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Because of the high degree of judgment required in estimating the fair value of collateral underlying impaired loans and because of the relationship between fair value and general economic conditions, we consider the fair value of impaired loans to be highly sensitive to changes in market conditions.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are recorded at acquisition cost net of accumulated depreciation.

Depreciation is charged to operations over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives and methods of depreciation are as follows:

Description Life in Years Method
Banking Premises 15-40 Straight-Line and Accelerated
Furniture and Equipment 5-10 Straight-Line and Accelerated

Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. When property and equipment are retired or sold, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in other income or expense.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of core deposit intangibles acquired in connection with a business combination. The core deposit intangible is initially recognized based on a valuation performed as of the consummation date. The core deposit intangible is amortized by the straight-line method over the average remaining life of the acquired customer deposits.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreementintend to repurchase them before their maturity.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(1)  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Statement of Cash Flows

For reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, noninterest-bearing amounts due from banks and federal funds sold. Cash flows from demand deposits, interest-bearing checking accounts, savings accounts, loans and certificates of deposit are reported net.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses the cost of advertising in the periods in which those costs are incurred.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is based upon income for financial statement purposes, adjusted for nontaxable income and nondeductible expenses. Deferred income taxes have been provided when different accounting methods have been used in determining income for income tax purposes and for financial reporting purposes.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on future tax consequences attributable to differences arising from the financial statement carrying values of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. The differences relate primarily to depreciable assets (use of different depreciation methods for financial statement and income tax purposes) and allowance for loan losses (use of the allowance method for financial statement purposes and the direct write-off method for tax purposes). In the event of changes in the tax laws, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted in the period of the enactment of those changes, with effects included in the income tax provision. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management,sell or believes that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assetsthey will not be realized. required to sell.

The Company and its subsidiary file a consolidated federal income tax return. The subsidiary pays its proportional share of federal income taxes toadopted ASC 326 using the Company based on its taxable income.

Positions taken in the Company’s tax returns may be subject to challenge by the taxing authorities upon examination. Uncertain tax positions are initially recognized in the consolidated financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are both initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the tax authority, assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. The Company provides for interest and, in some cases, penalties on tax positions that may be challenged by the taxing authorities. Interest expense is recognized beginning in the first period that such interest would begin accruing. Penalties are recognized in the period that the Company claims the position in the tax return. Interest and penalties on income tax uncertainties are classified within income tax expense in the consolidated statement of income.

Other Real Estate

Other real estate generally represents real estate acquired through foreclosure and is initially recorded at estimated fair value at the date of acquisition less the cost of disposal. Losses from the acquisition of property in full or partial satisfaction of debt are recorded as loan losses. Properties are evaluated regularly to ensure the recorded amounts are supported by current fair values, and valuation allowances are recorded as necessary to reduce the carrying amount to fair value less estimated cost of disposal. Routine holding costs and gains or losses upon disposition are included in other noninterest expense.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance on the lives of certain key members of management and directors. The life insurance policies are recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or amounts due that are probable at settlement, if applicable. Increases in the cash surrender value are recorded as other income in the consolidated statements of income. The cash surrender value of the insurance contracts is recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets in the amount of $15,823 and $15,419 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(1)  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Comprehensive Income

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale, represent equity changes from economic events of the period other than transactions with owners and are not reported in the consolidated statements of operations but as a separate component of the equity section of the consolidated balance sheets. Such items are considered components of other comprehensive income (loss). Accounting standards codification requires the presentation in the consolidated financial statements of net income and all items of other comprehensive income (loss) as total comprehensive income (loss).

Off-Balance Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

Changes in Accounting Principles and Effects of New Accounting Pronouncements

ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity is expected to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than required under existing U.S. GAAP, including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation. ASU 2014-09, as deferred one year by ASU 2015-14, is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 on the consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU  2016-01, among other things, (i) requires equity investments, with certain exceptions, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (ii) simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment, (iii) eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet, (iv) requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, (v) requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments, (vi) requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements and (viii) clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale.  ASU 2016-01 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of ASU 2016-01 on the consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This ASU requires lessees to put most leases on their balance sheets but recognize expenses in the income statement in a manner similar to current accounting treatment. This ASU changes the guidance on sale-leaseback transactions, initial direct costs and lease execution costs, and, for lessors, modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approachmethod for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its financial statements and disclosures.

ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). This ASU sets forth a “current expected credit loss” (CECL) model which requires the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supported forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The Company recorded a net decrease to retained earnings of $1.2 million, net of tax, as of January 1, 2023 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326, primarily related to credit losses for unfunded commitments.

ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2023. This ASU provides guidance on eliminating the requirement for classification of and disclosures around troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). The purpose of this guidance is to eliminate unnecessary and overly-complex disclosures of loans that are already incorporated into the allowance for credit losses and related disclosures. This ASU further requires the disclosure of current-period gross charge-offs by year of origination. The Company includes TDRs in its measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology and also did not have any new loans identified as TDRs during the period ended March 31, 2023. Current period gross charge-offs are included in the term loan vintage table in Note 3 - Loans.
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, “Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method.” ASU 2023-02 permits reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. ASU 2023-02 is effective for fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(1)SummaryofSignificantAccountingPolicies(Continued)

ChangesinAccountingPrinciplesandEffectsofNewAccountingPronouncements (Continued)

ASU 2016-15,Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 provides guidance related to certain cash flow issues in order to reduce the current and potential future diversity in practice. ASU 2016-15 will be effective for us on January 1, 2018 and is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements.

ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Restricted Cash.ASU 2016-18 requires restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of this guidance will only affect the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years, andbeginning after December 15, 2023. ASU 2023-02 is not expected to have a significantmaterial impact on the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2017-08, Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. This ASU shortens the amortization period for the premium on certain purchased callable debt securities


12

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the earliest call date. Today, entities generally amortize the premium over the contractual life of the security. The new guidance does not change the accounting for purchased callable debt securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. ASU No. 2017-08 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018; early adoption is permitted. The guidance calls for a modified retrospective transition approach under which a cumulative-effect adjustment will be made to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU No. 2017-08 to determine the potential impact the new standard will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Statements (Unaudited)

(2) Investment Securities

Investment

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities as of September 30, 2017available-for-sale and December 31, 2016held-to-maturity along with gross unrealized gains and losses are summarized as follows:

September 30, 2017

 

Amortized

Cost

  

Gross

Unrealized

Gains

  

Gross

Unrealized

Losses

  

Fair Value

 
                 

Securities Available for Sale:

                

U. S. Government Agencies

                

Mortgage-Backed

 $336,376  $368  $(6,086) $330,658 

State, County & Municipal

  4,527   37   (25)  4,539 

Corporate Bonds

  2,052   8   -   2,060 

Asset Backed

  1,016   -   (24)  992 
  $343,971  $413  $(6,135) $338,249 

December 31, 2016

 

Amortized

Cost

  

Gross

Unrealized

Gains

  

Gross

Unrealized

Losses

  

Fair Value

 
                 

Securities Available for Sale:

                

U. S. Government Agencies

                

Mortgage-Backed

 $326,694  $76  $(7,673) $319,097 

State, County & Municipal

  4,573   18   (30)  4,561 
  $331,267  $94  $(7,703) $323,658 

(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2023Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Securities Available for Sale:
U.S. treasury securities$1,346 $— $(22)$1,324 
U.S. agency4,913 — (386)4,527 
Asset backed securities29,573 (723)28,859 
State, county & municipal securities125,765 (17,739)108,033 
Corporate debt securities54,712 22 (6,116)48,618 
Mortgage-backed securities268,967 29 (25,652)243,344 
Total$485,276 $67 $(50,638)$434,705 
March 31, 2023Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Securities Held to Maturity:
U.S. treasury securities$92,032 $— $(2,856)$89,176 
U.S. agency16,377 — (1,573)14,804 
State, county & municipal securities136,270 157 (14,957)121,470 
Mortgage-backed securities219,267 — (25,646)193,621 
Total$463,946 $157 $(45,032)$419,071 
December 31, 2022Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Securities Available for Sale:
U.S. treasury securities$1,644 $— $(22)$1,622 
U.S. agency5,035 — (450)4,585 
Asset backed securities31,468 — (1,480)29,988 
State, county & municipal securities126,119 — (21,363)104,756 
Corporate debt securities54,741 164 (5,320)49,585 
Mortgage-backed securities271,199 (29,191)242,017 
Total$490,206 $173 $(57,826)$432,553 
December 31, 2022Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Securities Held to Maturity:
U.S. treasury securities$91,615 $— $(4,149)$87,466 
U.S. agency16,409 — (1,838)14,571 
State, county & municipal securities136,138 32 (19,518)116,652 
Mortgage-backed securities221,696 — (29,121)192,575 
Total$465,858 $32 $(54,626)$411,264 

13

PART I (Continued)

Item


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The Company elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities disclosed throughout this note. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accrued interest receivable for available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities totaled $2.2 million and $2.6 million, and $2.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and is included in the "other assets" line item on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

The Company transferred certain agency-issued securities from the available-for-sale to held-to-maturity portfolio on January 1, (Continued)

(2) Investment Securities (Continued)

2022 and September 1, 2022, having a combined book value of approximately $511.0 million and a combined market value of approximately $477.0 million. As of the date of each transfer, the related pre-tax net unrecognized losses of approximately $34.0 million within the accumulated other comprehensive loss balance are being amortized over the remaining term of the securities using the effective interest method. This transfer was completed after careful consideration of the Company’s intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity. Factors used in assessing the ability to hold these securities to maturity were future liquidity needs and sources of funding. The Company has had no other transfers of securities since September 1, 2022.

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities as of September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown hereafter. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities for certain investments because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. This is often the case with mortgage-backed securities, which are disclosed separately in the table below.

  

Securities

 
  

Available for Sale

 
  

Amortized Cost

  

Fair Value

 
         

Due In One Year or Less

 $318  $320 

Due After One Year Through Five Years

  4,690   4,682 

Due After Five Years Through Ten Years

  878   899 

Due After Ten Years

  1,709   1,690 
  $7,595  $7,591 
         

Mortgage-Backed Securities

  336,376   330,658 
  $343,971  $338,249 

The Bank did not sell any investments during the first nine months of 2017. Therefore the Bank did not have any proceeds, gains or losses during the first nine months of 2017.
Available for SaleHeld to Maturity
(dollars in thousands)Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair Value
Due in one year or less$1,517 $1,494 $— $— 
Due after one year through five years13,778 12,766 84,463 81,520 
Due after five years through ten years95,218 82,084 74,282 67,157 
Due after ten years105,796 95,017 85,934 76,773 
$216,309 $191,361 $244,679 $225,450 
Mortgage-backed securities268,967 243,344 219,267 193,621 
$485,276 $434,705 $463,946 $419,071 

Proceeds from the sale of investments available for saleinvestment securities totaled $25,210$3.1 million for the first ninethree months of 2016.ended March 31, 2022. The sale of investments available for sale during the first six months of 2016investment securities resulted in gross realized gains of $392 and losses of $7.

$24,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Investment securities having a carryingcarrying value approximating $153,050of approximately $389.3 million and $144,854 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively,$541.8 million were pledged to secure public deposits and for other purposes.

purposes as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Information pertaining to available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 20162022 aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position follows:

  

Less Than 12 Months

  

12 Months or Greater

  

Total

 
                         
      

Gross

      

Gross

      

Gross

 
  

Fair

  

Unrealized

  

Fair

  

Unrealized

  

Fair

  

Unrealized

 
  

Value

  

Losses

  

Value

  

Losses

  

Value

  

Losses

 
                         

September 30, 2017

                        

U. S. Government Agencies

                        

Mortgage-Backed

 $136,825  $(1,973) $126,175  $(4,113) $263,000  $(6,086)

State, County and Municipal

  1,423   (25)  -   -   1,423   (25)

Asset Backed

  992   (24)  -   -   992   (24)
  $139,240  $(2,022) $126,175  $(4,113) $265,415  $(6,135)
                         

December 31. 2016

                        

U.S. Government Agencies

                        

Mortgage-Backed

 $174,201  $(3,460) $107,482  $(4,213) $281,683  $(7,673)

State, County and Municipal

  3,488   (30)  -   -   3,488   (30)
  $177,689  $(3,490) $107,482  $(4,213) $285,171  $(7,703)

is as


14

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(2) Investment Securities (Continued)

Management


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
follows:
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or GreaterTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
March 31, 2023
U.S. treasury securities$1,078 $(18)$246 $(4)$1,324 $(22)
U.S. agency securities149 (1)4,378 (385)4,527 (386)
Asset backed securities1,280 (30)21,658 (693)22,938 (723)
State, county & municipal securities8,433 (327)99,032 (17,412)107,465 (17,739)
Corporate debt securities10,021 (1,533)37,053 (4,583)47,074 (6,116)
Mortgage-backed securities31,643 (825)204,292 (24,827)235,935 (25,652)
$52,604 $(2,734)$366,659 $(47,904)$419,263 $(50,638)
December 31, 2022
U.S. treasury securities$1,377 $(17)$245 $(5)$1,622 $(22)
U.S. agency securities3,221 (257)1,364 (193)4,585 (450)
Asset backed securities10,780 (319)19,208 (1,161)29,988 (1,480)
State, county & municipal securities29,284 (3,629)75,472 (17,734)104,756 (21,363)
Corporate debt securities17,258 (1,463)30,651 (3,857)47,909 (5,320)
Mortgage-backed securities122,031 (7,890)119,409 (21,301)241,440 (29,191)
$183,951 $(13,575)$246,349 $(44,251)$430,300 $(57,826)
Information pertaining to held-to-maturity securities with gross unrealized losses at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position is as follows:
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or GreaterTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
March 31, 2023
U.S. treasury securities$— $— $89,176 $(2,856)$89,176 $(2,856)
U.S. agency securities— — 14,804 (1,573)14,804 (1,573)
State, county & municipal securities3,286 (47)101,998 (14,910)105,284 (14,957)
Mortgage-backed securities— — 193,621 (25,646)193,621 (25,646)
$3,286 $(47)$399,599 $(44,985)$402,885 $(45,032)
December 31, 2022
U.S. treasury securities$— $— $87,466 $(4,149)$87,466 $(4,149)
U.S. agency securities— — 14,571 (1,838)14,571 (1,838)
State, county & municipal securities9,858 (1,392)105,734 (18,126)115,592 (19,518)
Mortgage-backed securities13,580 (729)178,995 (28,392)192,575 (29,121)
$23,438 $(2,121)$386,766 $(52,505)$410,204 $(54,626)
Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and (3) the intent

15

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

At September 30, 2017, 106March 31, 2023, there were 281 available-for-sale securities haveand 149 held-to-maturity securities that had unrealized losses which have depreciated 2.26 percent from the Company’s amortized cost basis.losses. These securities are guaranteed by either the U.S. Government, other governments or U.S. corporations. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred and the results of reviews of the issuer’s financial condition. The unrealized losses are largely due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased. As management has the ability to hold debt securities until maturity, or for the foreseeable future if classified as available-for-sale, no declines are deemed to be other than temporary.

(3)

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), as amended on January 1, 2023 which included evaluation of expected credit losses on debt securities. As part of the Company's calculated credit losses, the allowance for credit losses on investment securities was determined to be de minimis due to the high credit quality of the portfolio, which includes securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and high quality municipalities. Therefore, no allowance for credit losses was recorded as of March 31, 2023. See Note 1 for additional details on the allowance for credit losses as it relates to the securities portfolio.

(3) Loans

The following table presents the composition of loans segregated by class of loans, as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016.

  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 

Commercial and Agricultural

        

Commercial

 $45,363  $47,025 

Agricultural

  25,246   17,080 
         

Real Estate

        

Commercial Construction

  36,533   30,358 

Residential Construction

  8,905   11,830 

Commercial

  346,251   349,090 

Residential

  196,332   195,580 

Farmland

  71,903   66,877 
         

Consumer and Other

        

Consumer

  18,677   19,695 

Other

  20,836   16,748 
         

Total Loans

 $770,046  $754,283 

2022.

(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Construction, land & land development$249,720 $229,435 
Other commercial real estate985,627 975,447 
Total commercial real estate1,235,347 1,204,882 
Residential real estate316,415 290,054 
Commercial, financial, & agricultural225,269 223,923 
Consumer and other22,822 18,247 
Total Loans$1,799,853 $1,737,106 
The Company elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of loans disclosed throughout this note. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accrued interest receivable for loans totaled $7.1 million and $6.8 million, respectively, and is included in the "other assets" line item on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Commercial, and industrialfinancial & agricultural loans are extended to a diverse group of businesses within the Company’s market area. These loans are often underwritten based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt from income from the business. Real estate construction loans often require loan funds to be advanced prior to completion of the project. Due to uncertainties inherent in estimating construction costs, changes in interest rates and other economic conditions, these loans often pose a higher risk than other types of loans. Consumer and other loans are originated at the Bank level. These loans are generally smaller loan amounts spread across many individual borrowers to help minimize risk.

Credit Quality Indicators.Indicators. As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (i)(1) the risk grade assigned to commercial and consumer loans, (ii)(2) the level of classified commercial loans, (iii)(3) net charge-offs, (iv)(4) nonperforming loans, and (v)(5) the general economic conditions in the Company’s geographic markets.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(3) Loans (Continued)

The Company uses a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 8.10. A description of the general characteristics of the grades is as follows:

Grades 1 and 2 – Borrowers with these assigned grades range in risk from virtual absence of risk to minimal risk. Such loans may be secured by Company-issued and controlled certificates of deposit or properly margined equity securities or bonds. Other loans comprising these grades are made to companies that have been in existence for a long period of time with many years of consecutive profits and strong equity, good liquidity, excellent debt service ability and unblemished past performance, or to exceptionally strong individuals with collateral of unquestioned value that fully secures the loans. Loans in this category fall into the “pass” classification.

Grades 3 and 4 – Loans assigned these “pass” risk grades are made to borrowers with acceptable credit quality and risk. The risk ranges from loans with no significant weaknesses in repayment capacity and collateral protection to acceptable loans with one or more risk factors considered to be more than average.

Grade 5 – This grade includes “special mention” loans on management’s watch list and is intended to be used on a temporary basis for pass grade loans where risk-modifying action is intended in the short-term.

Grade 6 – This grade includes “substandard” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. This category includes borrowers with well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the payment of the debt in accordance with the agreed terms. Loans considered to be impaired are assigned this grade, and these loans often have assigned loss allocations as part of the allowance for loan and lease losses. Generally, loans on which interest accrual has been stopped would be included in this grade.

Grades 7 and 8 – These grades correspond to regulatory classification definitions of “doubtful” and “loss,” respectively. In practice, any loan with these grades would be for a very short period of time, and generally the Company has no loans with these assigned grades. Management manages the Company’s problem loans in such a way that uncollectible loans or uncollectible portions of loans are charged off immediately with any residual, collectible amounts assigned a risk grade of 6.

Grades 1, 2 and 3 - Borrowers with these assigned risk grades range from virtual absence of risk to minimal risk. Such loans may be secured by Company-issued and controlled certificates of deposit or properly margined equity securities or bonds. Other loans comprising these grades are made to companies that have been in existence for a long period of time with many years of consecutive profits and strong equity, good liquidity, excellent debt service

16

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
ability and unblemished past performance, or to exceptionally strong individuals with collateral of unquestioned value that fully secures the loans. Loans in this category fall into the “pass” classification.
Grades 4 and 5 - Loans assigned these “pass” risk grades are made to borrowers with acceptable credit quality and risk. The risk ranges from loans with no significant weaknesses in repayment capacity and collateral protection to acceptable loans with one or more risk factors considered to be more than average. These loans are also included in into the “pass” classification.
Grade 6 - This grade includes “special mention” loans on management’s watch list and is intended to be used on a temporary basis for pass grade loans where risk-modifying action is intended in the short-term.
Grades 7 and 8 - These grades includes “substandard” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. This category includes borrowers with well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the payment of the debt in accordance with the agreed terms. Loans considered to be impaired are assigned grade 8, and these loans often have assigned loss allocations as part of the allowance for credit losses. Generally, loans on which interest accrual has been stopped would be included in this grade.
Grades 9 and 10 - These grades correspond to regulatory classification definitions of “doubtful” and “loss,” respectively. In practice, any loan with these grades would be for a very short period of time, and generally the Company has no loans with these assigned grades. Management manages the Company’s problem loans in such a way that uncollectible loans or uncollectible portions of loans are charged off immediately with any residual, collectible amounts assigned a risk grade of 7 or 8. 
The following table presents the loan portfolio segregated by class of loans and the risk category of term loans by vintage year, which is the year of origination or most recent renewal, as of March 31, 2023. Those loans with a risk grade of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been combined in the pass column for presentation purposes. There were no loans with a risk rating of "doubtful" or "loss" at March 31, 2023.
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(dollars in thousands)20232022202120202019PriorRevolversRevolvers converted to term loansTotal
March 31, 2023
Construction, land & land development
Risk rating
Pass$25,111 $156,160 $39,399 $8,807 $1,724 $6,342 $11,184 $— $248,727 
Special Mention— — — — — 233 — — 233 
Substandard— 599 — 67 89 — — 760 
Total Construction, land & land development25,111 156,759 39,404 8,807 1,791 6,664 11,184 — 249,720 
  Current period gross write offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Other commercial real estate
Risk rating
Pass24,793 324,093 222,365 99,740 91,335 174,315 26,595 48 963,284 
Special Mention— 54 2,843 1,767 4,634 6,879 — — 16,177 
Substandard— 2,672 170 — — 3,278 46 — 6,166 
Total Other commercial real estate24,793 326,819 225,378 101,507 95,969 184,472 26,641 48 985,627 
Current period gross write offs— — — — — — — — — 
Residential real estate
Risk rating
Pass17,738 121,766 56,799 24,317 9,924 51,143 21,485 — 303,172 
Special Mention299 158 109 87 968 5,211 122 — 6,954 
Substandard— 532 240 234 96 5,187 — — 6,289 

17

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Total Residential real estate18,037 122,456 57,148 24,638 10,988 61,541 21,607 — 316,415 
Current period gross write offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial, financial, & agricultural
Risk rating
Pass19,919 65,936 30,800 17,615 6,670 16,188 61,430 151 218,709 
Special Mention— 83 200 197 35 91 491 — 1,097 
Substandard— 34 4,676 309 33 319 92 — 5,463 
Total Commercial, financial, & agricultural19,919 66,053 35,676 18,121 6,738 16,598 62,013 151 225,269 
Current period gross write offs— 200 12 — — 61 — — 273 
Consumer and other
Risk rating
Pass8,219 6,252 3,291 2,109 1,281 1,169 358 — 22,679 
Special Mention— 11 23 27 — — 74 
Substandard15 18 22 11 — — 69 
Total Consumer and other8,234 6,281 3,315 2,139 1,310 1,185 358 — 22,822 
Current period gross write offs— — — — — — — 
Total Loans
Risk rating
Pass95,780 674,207 352,654 152,588 110,934 249,157 121,052 199 1,756,571 
Special Mention299 307 3,174 2,059 5,664 12,418 613  24,534 
Substandard15 3,855 5,092 566 198 8,884 138 — 18,748 
Total Loans$96,094 $678,369 $360,920 $155,213 $116,796 $270,459 $121,803 $199 $1,799,853 
Total current period gross write offs$— $200 $12 $$— $61 $— $— $276 
The following table presents the loan portfolio by credit quality indicator (risk grade) as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.2022. Those loans with a risk grade of 1, 2, 3, or 4 and 5 have been combined

18

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
in the pass column for presentation purposes. For the period ending September 30, 2017, the Company did not have anyThere were no loans classified as “doubtful”with a risk rating of "doubtful" or a “loss”.

September 30, 2017

                
  

Pass

  

Special Mention

  

Substandard

  

Total Loans

 

Commercial and Agricultural

                

Commercial

 $43,641  $838  $884  $45,363 

Agricultural

  24,759   164   323   25,246 
                 

Real Estate

                

Commercial Construction

  32,100   1,206   3,227   36,533 

Residential Construction

  8,707   -   198   8,905 

Commercial

  332,075   4,744   9,432   346,251 

Residential

  180,695   4,921   10,716   196,332 

Farmland

  70,111   923   869   71,903 
                 

Consumer and Other

                

Consumer

  18,206   102   369   18,677 

Other

  20,827   9   -   20,836 
                 

Total Loans

 $731,121  $12,907  $26,018  $770,046 

"loss" at December 31, 2022.
(dollars in thousands)Special
December 31, 2022PassMentionSubstandardTotal
Construction, land & land development$228,494 $290 $651 $229,435 
Other commercial real estate951,126 17,562 6,759 975,447 
Total commercial real estate1,179,620 17,852 7,410 1,204,882 
Residential real estate277,930 6,574 5,550 290,054 
Commercial, financial, & agricultural220,908 885 2,130 223,923 
Consumer and other18,157 54 $36 18,247 
Total Loans$1,696,615 $25,365 $15,126 $1,737,106 

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(3) Loans (Continued)

December 31, 2016

                
  

Pass

  

Special Mention

  

Substandard

  

Total Loans

 

Commercial and Agricultural

                

Commercial

 $44,250  $1,862  $913  $47,025 

Agricultural

  16,586   192   302   17,080 
                 

Real Estate

                

Commercial Construction

  28,425   1,349   584   30,358 

Residential Construction

  11,630   -   200   11,830 

Commercial

  327,561   9,403   12,126   349,090 

Residential

  178,618   5,659   11,303   195,580 

Farmland

  65,075   839   963   66,877 
                 

Consumer and Other

                

Consumer

  19,072   226   397   19,695 

Other

  16,748   -   -   16,748 
                 

Total Loans

 $707,965  $19,530  $26,788  $754,283 

A loan’sloan’s risk grade is assigned at the inception of the loan origination and is based on the financial strength of the borrower and the type of collateral. Loan risk grades are subject to reassessmentreview at various times throughout the year as part of the Company’s ongoing loan review process. Loans with an assigned risk grade of 6six or below and an outstanding balance of $250,000$500,000 or more are reassessed on a quarterly basis. During this reassessment process individual reserves may be identified and placed against certain loans which are not considered impaired.

In assessing the overall economic condition of the markets in which it operates, the Company monitors the unemployment rates for its major service areas. The unemployment rates are reviewed on a quarterly basis as part of the allowance for loancredit loss determination.

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Generally, loans are placed on nonaccrual status if principal or interest payments become 90 days past due or when, in management’smanagement’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provision.guidelines. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due.

Collateral-Dependent Loans
We classify a loan as collateral-dependent when our borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, and we expect repayment to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral. Our commercial loans have collateral that is comprised of real estate and business assets. Our consumer loans have collateral that is substantially comprised of residential real estate.
There were no significant changes in the extent to which collateral secures our collateral-dependent loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023.


19

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(3) Loans (Continued)


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following table represents an age analysispresents the aging of past due loans and nonaccrual loans, segregated by classthe amortized cost basis of loans by aging category and accrual status as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016:

September 30, 2017

                        
  

Accruing Loans

             
      

90 Days

                 
  

30-89 Days

  

or More

  

Total Accruing

  

Nonaccrual

         
  

Past Due

  

Past Due

  

Loans Past Due

  

Loans

  

Current Loans

  

Total Loans

 

Commercial and Agricultural

                        

Commercial

 $301  $-  $301  $653  $44,409  $45,363 

Agricultural

  75   -   75   321   24,850   25,246 
                         

Real Estate

                        

Commercial Construction

  56   -   56   602   35,875   36,533 

Residential Construction

  -   -   -   198   8,707   8,905 

Commercial

  1,501   -   1,501   3,146   341,604   346,251 

Residential

  2,917   -   2,917   2,868   190,547   196,332 

Farmland

  158   -   158   839   70,906   71,903 
                         

Consumer and Other

                        

Consumer

  242   -   242   180   18,255   18,677 

Other

  -   -   -   -   20,836   20,836 
                         

Total Loans

 $5,250  $-  $5,250  $8,807  $755,989  $770,046 

December 31, 2016

                        
  

Accruing Loans

             
      

90 Days

                 
  

30-89 Days

  

or More

  

Total Accruing

  

Nonaccrual

         
  

Past Due

  

Past Due

  

Loans Past Due

  

Loans

  

Current Loans

  

Total Loans

 

Commercial and Agricultural

                        

Commercial

 $420  $-  $420  $635  $45,970  $47,025 

Agricultural

  33   -   33   209   16,838   17,080 
                         

Real Estate

                        

Commercial Construction

  54   -   54   190   30,114   30,358 

Residential Construction

  -   -   -   -   11,830   11,830 

Commercial

  492   -   492   6,360   342,238   349,090 

Residential

  3,179   -   3,179   3,944   188,457   195,580 

Farmland

  95   -   95   800   65,982   66,877 
                         

Consumer and Other

                        

Consumer

  196   -   196   212   19,287   19,695 

Other

  -   -   -   -   16,748   16,748 
                         

Total Loans

 $4,469  $-  $4,469  $12,350  $737,464  $754,283 

2022:
(dollars in thousands)30-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days
or More
Past Due
Total Accruing
Loans Past Due
Nonaccrual
Loans
Current LoansTotal Loans
March 31, 2023
Construction, land & land development$$— $$124 $249,587 $249,720 
Other commercial real estate554 — 554 1,541 983,532 985,627 
Total commercial real estate563 — 563 1,665 1,233,119 1,235,347 
Residential real estate1,596 — 1,596 2,953 311,866 316,415 
Commercial, financial, & agricultural2,602 — 2,602 2,530 220,137 225,269 
Consumer and other15 — 15 17 22,790 22,822 
Total Loans$4,776 $— $4,776 $7,165 $1,787,912 $1,799,853 
December 31, 2022
Construction, land & land development$— $— $— $149 $229,286 $229,435 
Other commercial real estate395 — 395 1,509 973,543 975,447 
Total commercial real estate395 — 395 1,658 1,202,829 1,204,882 
Residential real estate882 — 882 2,686 286,486 290,054 
Commercial, financial, & agricultural476 — 476 1,341 222,106 223,923 
Consumer and other40 — 40 21 18,186 18,247 
Total Loans$1,793 $— $1,793 $5,706 $1,729,607 $1,737,106 

The following table is a summary of the Company's nonaccrual loans by major categories for the periods indicated.
March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)Nonaccrual Loans with No Related ACLNonaccrual Loans with a Related ACLTotal Nonaccrual Loans
Construction, land & land development$124 $— $124 
Other commercial real estate1,497 44 1,541 
Total commercial real estate1,621 44 1,665 
Residential real estate2,953 — 2,953 
Commercial, financial, & agricultural2,530 — 2,530 
Consumer and other17 — 17 
Total Loans$7,121 $44 $7,165 



20

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(3) Loans (Continued)

The following table details impaired loan data as of September 30, 2017:

September 30, 2017

                        
  

Unpaid

                     
  

Contractual

          

Average

  

Interest

  

Interest

 
  

Principal

  

Impaired

  

Related

  

Recorded

  

Income

  

Income

 
  

Balance

  

Balance

  

Allowance

  

Investment

  

Recognized

  

Collected

 
                         

With No Related Allowance Recorded

                        

Commercial

 $653  $653  $-  $642  $28  $28 

Agricultural

  342   322   -   271   5   12 

Commercial Construction

  176   176   -   163   4   5 

Residential Construction

  198   198       99   5   5 

Commercial Real Estate

  10,775   10,775   -   12,851   368   356 

Residential Real Estate

  5,506   4,718   -   4,563   156   176 

Farmland

  841   839   -   779   54   58 

Consumer

  180   179   -   186   5   5 

Other

  -   -   -   -   -   - 
                         
   18,671   17,860   -   19,554   625   645 
                         

With An Allowance Recorded

                        

Commercial

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Agricultural

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial Construction

  497   497   69   178   22   32 

Residential Construction

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial Real Estate

  7,124   7,124   1,471   6,817   201   202 

Residential Real Estate

  37   37   21   575   (1)  2 

Farmland

  373   373   24   377   17   16 

Consumer

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Other

  -   -   -   -   -   - 
                         
   8,031   8,031   1,585   7,947   239   252 
                         

Total

                        

Commercial

  653   653   -   642   28   28 

Agricultural

  342   322   -   271   5   12 

Commercial Construction

  673   673   69   341   26   37 

Residential Construction

  198   198   -   99   5   5 

Commercial Real Estate

  17,899   17,899   1,471   19,668   569   558 

Residential Real Estate

  5,543   4,755   21   5,138   155   178 

Farmland

  1,214   1,212   24   1,156   71   74 

Consumer

  180   179   -   186   5   5 

Other

  -   -   -   -   -   - 
                         
  $26,702  $25,891  $1,585  $27,501  $864  $897 



COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)


The following table details impaired loan data, including purchased credit impaired loans, as ofof December 31, 2016:2022.
December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance
Recorded InvestmentRelated
Allowance
Average
Recorded
Investment
With No Related Allowance Recorded
Construction, land & land development$40 $40 $— $10 
Other commercial real estate3,754 3,754 — 5,311 
Residential real estate62 62 — 570 
Commercial, financial & agricultural— —  306 
Consumer and other— — — 
3,856 3,856 — 6,198 
With An Allowance Recorded
Construction, land & land development474 474 44 177 
Other commercial real estate— — — 503 
Residential real estate— — — 588 
Commercial, financial & agricultural— — — 369 
Consumer and other— — — — 
474 474 44 1,637 
Purchased Credit Impaired Loans
Construction, land & land development— — — — 
Other commercial real estate798 798 33 760 
Residential real estate— — — 13 
Commercial, financial & agricultural— — — — 
Consumer and other— — — 65 
798 798 33 838 
Total
Construction, land & land development514 514 44 187 
Other commercial real estate4,552 4,552 33 6,574 
Residential real estate62 62 — 1,171 
Commercial, financial & agricultural— — — 675 
Consumer and other— — — 66 
$5,128 $5,128 $77 $8,673 
Interest income recorded on impaired loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $154,000 and $215,000, respectively.

21

December 31, 2016

                        
  

Unpaid

                     
  

Contractual

          

Average

  

Interest

  

Interest

 
  

Principal

  

Impaired

  

Related

  

Recorded

  

Income

  

Income

 
  

Balance

  

Balance

  

Allowance

  

Investment

  

Recognized

  

Collected

 
                         

With No Related Allowance Recorded

                        

Commercial

 $635  $635  $-  $539  $24  $27 

Agricultural

  229   209   -   210   9   12 

Commercial Construction

  191   191   -   698   7   7 

Residential Construction

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial Real Estate

  14,358   14,276   -   14,275   567   560 

Residential Real Estate

  4,261   3,952   -   4,553   73   191 

Farmland

  921   799   -   1,016   22   26 

Consumer

  212   212   -   213   10   12 
                         
   20,807   20,274   -   21,504   712   835 
                         

With An Allowance Recorded

                        

Commercial

  -   -   -   30   -   - 

Agricultural

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial Construction

  72   72   21   74   1   2 

Residential Construction

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial Real Estate

  8,557   8,467   3,022   8,340   239   236 

Residential Real Estate

  1,476   1,468   363   1,043   28   32 

Farmland

  380   380   29   384   21   21 

Consumer

  -   -   -   -   -   - 
                         
   10,485   10,387   3,435   9,871   289   291 
                         

Total

                        

Commercial

  635   635   -   569   24   27 

Agricultural

  229   209   -   210   9   12 

Commercial Construction

  263   263   21   772   8   9 

Residential Construction

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial Real Estate

  22,915   22,743   3,022   22,615   806   796 

Residential Real Estate

  5,737   5,420   363   5,596   101   223 

Farmland

  1,301   1,179   29   1,400   43   47 

Consumer

  212   212   -   213   10   12 
                         
  $31,292  $30,661  $3,435  $31,375  $1,001  $1,126 



COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

��

(3) Loans (Continued)

The following table details impaired loan data asallowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of September 30, 2016:

September 30, 2016

                        
  

Unpaid

                     
  

Contractual

          

Average

  

Interest

  

Interest

 
  

Principal

  

Impaired

  

Related

  

Recorded

  

Income

  

Income

 
  

Balance

  

Balance

  

Allowance

  

Investment

  

Recognized

  

Collected

 
                         

With No Related Allowance Recorded

                        

Commercial

 $646  $646  $-  $515  $15  $18 

Agricultural

  301   280   -   211   5   13 

Commercial Construction

  508   508   -   825   16   15 

Residential Construction

  -   -       -   -   - 

Commercial Real Estate

  16,457   16,367   -   14,274   490   480 

Residential Real Estate

  5,321   4,995   -   4,704   56   178 

Farmland

  921   919   -   1,071   (4)  1 

Consumer

  241   241       214   7   9 

Other

  -   -   -   -   -   - 
                         
   24,395   23,956   -   21,814   585   714 
                         

With An Allowance Recorded

                        

Commercial

  -   -   -   38   -   - 

Agricultural

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial Construction

  73   73   22   74   -   - 

Residential Construction

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial Real Estate

  8,316   8,316   2,470   8,308   177   173 

Residential Real Estate

  858   851   435   936   4   6 

Farmland

  382   382   33   385   16   14 

Consumer

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Other

  -   -   -   -   -   - 
                         
   9,629   9,622   2,960   9,741   197   193 
                         

Total

                        

Commercial

  646   646   -   553   15   18 

Agricultural

  301   280   -   211   5   13 

Commercial Construction

  581   581   22   899   16   15 

Residential Construction

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial Real Estate

  24,773   24,683   2,470   22,582   667   653 

Residential Real Estate

  6,179   5,846   435   5,640   60   184 

Farmland

  1,303   1,301   33   1,456   12   15 

Consumer

  241   241   -   214   7   9 

Other

  -   -   -   -   -   - 
                         
  $34,024  $33,578  $2,960  $31,555  $782  $907 

lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon asset origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the allowance for credit losses. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification.

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(3) Loans (Continued)

TDRs are troubledBecause the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. Occasionally, the Company modifies loans by providing principal forgiveness on whichcertain of its real estate loans. When principal forgiveness is provided, the original terms amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the allowance for credit losses. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan have been modifiedis written off, resulting in favora reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses.

In some cases, the Company will modify a certain loan by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. Upon the Company's determination that a modified loan, or portion of a loan, has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan, or portion of the loan, is written off.
The Company had no loans that were modified due to deterioration infinancial difficulty during the borrower’sthree months ended March 31, 2023.
Prior to adoption of ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023, the restructuring of a loan was considered a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") if both the borrower was experiencing financial condition. Each potential loan modification is reviewed individuallydifficulties and the Company had granted a concession to the terms of the loan are modifiedloan. Concessions may have included interest rate reductions to meet the borrower’s specific circumstances at a point in time. Not all loan modifications are TDRs. Loan modifications are reviewedbelow market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructured amortization schedules and approved by the Company’s senior lending staff, who then determine whether the loan meets the criteria for a TDR. Generally, the types of concessions grantedother actions intended to borrowers that are evaluated in determining whether a loan is classified as a TDR include:

Interest rate reductions – Occur when the stated interest rate is reduced to a nonmarket rate or a rate the borrower would not be able to obtain elsewhere under similar circumstances.

Amortization or maturity date changes – Result when the amortization period of the loan is extended beyond what is considered a normal amortization period for loans of similar type with similar collateral.

Principal reductions – These are often the result of commercial real estate loan workouts where two new notes are created. The primary note is underwritten based upon our normal underwriting standards and is structured so that the projected cash flows are sufficient to repay the contractual principal and interest of the newly restructured note. The terms of the secondary note vary by situation and often involve that note being charged-off, or the principal and interest payments being deferred until after the primary note has been repaid. In situations where a portion of the note is charged-off during modification there is often no specific reserve allocated to those loans. This is due to the fact that the amount of the charge-off usually represents the excess of the original loan balance over the collateral value and the Company has determined there is no additional exposure on those loans.

minimize potential losses.

As discussed in Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, which are included in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K, once a loan iswas identified as a TDR, it iswas accounted for as an impaired loan. The Company had no unfunded commitments to lend to a customer that hashad a troubled debt restructured loan as of September 30, 2017. The following tables present the number of loan contracts restructured during the three monthDecember 31, 2022 and nine month period ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. It shows the pre- and post-modification recorded investment as well as the number of contracts and the recorded investment for those TDRs modified during the previous twelve months which subsequently defaulted during the period.March 31, 2022. Loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring areTDR were considered to be in default once the loan becomesbecame 90 days past due. A TDR may ceaseceased being classified as impaired if the loan iswas subsequently modified at market terms and, hashad performed according to the modified terms for at least six months, and there hashad not been any prior principal forgiveness on a cumulative basis.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Troubled Debt Restructurings

# of Contracts

Pre-Modification

Post-Modification

# of Contracts

Pre-Modification

Post-Modification

Residential Real Estate

-$-$--$-$-

Total Loans

-$-$--$-$-

  

Three Months Ended September 30, 2016

  

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

 

Troubled Debt Restructurings

                        
  

# of Contracts

  

Pre-Modification

  

Post-Modification

  

# of Contracts

  

Pre-Modification

  

Post-Modification

 
                         

Residential Real Estate

  -  $-  $-   1  $91  $91 
                         

Total Loans

  -  $-  $-   1  $91  $91 

The company did not have any TDRs Company had no loans that subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

22

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(4) Allowance for Credit Losses
As previously mentioned in Note 1, since the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2023, the ACL for loans represents management's estimate of life of loan credit losses in the portfolio as of the end of the period. The ACL related to unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. The following tables present the balance sheet activity in the ACL by portfolio segment for loans for the three monthsmonth periods ended March 31, 2023 and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

March 31, 2022.
CECL
(dollars in thousands)Balance December 31, 2022Adoption of ASU 2016-13Charge-OffsRecoveries Provision for credit losses on loansBalance, March 31, 2023
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Construction, land & land development$1,959 $148 $— $$232 $2,342 
Other commercial real estate8,886 (630)— 14 (148)8,122 
   Total commercial real estate10,845 (482)— 17 84 10,464 
Residential real estate2,354 1,053 — 11 694 4,112 
Commercial, financial & agricultural2,709 (690)(273)(96)1,657 
Consumer and other220 66 (3)79 366 
     Total allowance for credit losses on loans$16,128 $(53)$(276)$39 $761 $16,599 
Incurred Loss
(dollars in thousands)Balance December 31, 2021Charge-OffsRecoveriesProvisionBalance, March 31, 2022
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Construction, land & land development$1,127 $— $$206 $1,339 
Other commercial real estate7,691 (58)(285)7,355 
   Total commercial real estate8,818 (58)13 (79)8,694 
Residential real estate1,805 (18)20 1,811 
Commercial, financial & agricultural1,083 (16)44 976 2,087 
Consumer and other1,204 (16)(867)327 
     Total allowance for loan losses$12,910 $(108)$67 $50 $12,919 

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(4) AllowanceAs of March 31, 2023, Colony used a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The changes in loss rates used as the basis for Loan Losses

the estimate of credit losses during this period were modeled using historical data from peer banks and macroeconomic forecast data obtained from a third party vendor, which were then applied to Colony's recent default experience as a starting point. As of March 31, 2023, the Company expects that the markets in which it operates will experience a decline in economic conditions and an increase in the unemployment rate and level and trend of delinquencies, over the next two years. Management adjusted the historical loss experience for these expectations. No reversion adjustments were necessary, as the starting point for the Company's estimate was a cumulative loss rate covering the expected contractual term of the portfolio.

The following tables detail activity represents the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and the allowance for loan losses, segregated by class of loan, for the nine month period ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016. Allocation of a portionbalance of the allowance assigned to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other loan categories and periodically may result in reallocation withineach segment based on the provision categories.

September 30, 2017

                    
  

Beginning

              

Ending

 
  

Balance

  

Charge-Offs

  

Recoveries

  

Provision

  

Balance

 
                     

Commercial and Agricultural

                    

Commercial

 $456  $(215) $124  $71  $436 

Agricultural

  168   (160)  3   238   249 
                     

Real Estate

                    

Commercial Construction

  323   (49)  241   473   988 

Residential Construction

  13   -   -   (7)  6 

Commercial

  5,751   (966)  523   (1,085)  4,223 

Residential

  1,396   (648)  47   334   1,129 

Farmland

  722   (61)  2   209   872 
                     

Consumer and Other

                    

Consumer

  80   (184)  60   100   56 

Other

  14   -   2   2   18 
                     
  $8,923  $(2,283) $1,002  $335  $7,977 


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(4) Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

September 30, 2016

                    
  

Beginning

              

Ending

 
  

Balance

  

Charge-Offs

  

Recoveries

  

Provision

  

Balance

 
                     

Commercial and Agricultural

                    

Commercial

 $855  $(291) $54  $(127) $491 

Agricultural

  203   (18)  3   93   281 
                     

Real Estate

                    

Commercial Construction

  691   (25)  813   (1,021)  458 

Residential Construction

  20   -   -   2   22 

Commercial

  3,851   (992)  197   2,231   5,287 

Residential

  1,990   (243)  32   (114)  1,665 

Farmland

  912   -   137   (187)  862 
                     

Consumer and Other

                    

Consumer

  63   (180)  44   176   103 

Other

  19   -   6   9   34 
                     
  $8,604  $(1,749) $1,286  $1,062  $9,203 

During the first quarter of 2017 Company management completed the transition to a change to its allowance for loanincurred loss methodology by expandingof evaluating the historical loss period from a rolling 8 quartersloans for impairment as of December 31, 2022.

23

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to 16 quarters.  Management believes the longer historical loss period better reflects the current and expected loss behavior of the loan portfolio within the current credit cycle.  As of September 30, 2017, this change in the historical loss period resulted in an increase to the allowance for loan losses of $191.

Management continually evaluates the allowance for loan losses methodology seeking to refine and enhance this process as appropriate, and it is likely that the methodology will continue to evolve over time.

Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)Construction, land and land developmentOther commercial real estateResidential real estateCommercial, financial & agriculturalConsumer and otherTotal
Year ended December 31, 2022
Period end amount allocated to
Individually evaluated for impairment$44 $— $— $— $— $44 
Collectively evaluated for impairment1,915 8,853 2,354 2,709 220 16,051 
Purchase credit impaired— 33 — — — 33 
Ending Balance$1,959 $8,886 $2,354 $2,709 $220 $16,128 
Loans
Individually evaluated for impairment$514 $3,754 $62 $— $— $4,330 
Collectively evaluated for impairment228,921 970,895 289,992 223,923 18,247 1,731,978 
Purchase credit impaired— 798 — — — 798 
Ending Balance$229,435 $975,447 $290,054 $223,923 $18,247 $1,737,106 
The Company determines its individual reserves during its quarterly review of substandard loans. This process involves reviewing all loans with a risk grade of 6 or greater and an outstanding balance of $250,000$500,000 or more, regardless of the loans impairment classification. At September 30, 2017,
The Company maintains an allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded balances for existing lines of credit, commitments to extend future credit, as well as both standby and commercial letters of credit when there were 155 impaired loans totaling $4.5 million below the $250,000 review threshold which wereis a contractual obligation to extend credit and when this extension of credit is not individually reviewedunconditionally cancellable. The allowance for impairment. Those loans were subject to the bank’s general loanoff-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss reserve methodology and are included in the “Collectively Evaluated for Impairment” columnexpense. The estimate includes consideration of the following tables. Likewise, at September 30, 2016, there were 160 impaired loans totaling $4.6 millionlikelihood that funding will occur, which were below the $250,000 review thresholdis based on a historical funding study derived from internal information, and were subject to the bank’s general loan loss reserve methodology and are included in the “Collectively Evaluated for Impairment” columnan estimate of the following tables.

Since not all loans in the substandard category are considered impaired, this quarterly review process may result in the identification of specific reservesexpected credit losses on unimpaired loans. Management considers those loans graded substandard, but not classified as impaired,commitments expected to be higher risk loans and, therefore, makes specific allocations tofunded over its estimated life, which are the same loss rates that are used in computing the allowance for those loans if warranted.credit losses on loans. The total of such loansallowance for credit losses for unfunded commitments is $12.68 million and $12.45 million as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Specific allowance allocations were made for these loans totaling $1.49 million and $742 thousand as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Since these loans are not considered impaired, bothseparately classified on the loanbalance sheet within Other liabilities.

The following table presents the balance and related specific allocation are includedactivity in the “Collectively Evaluated for Impairment” column of the following tables.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(4) Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

The following tables present breakdowns of the allowance for loancredit losses segregated by impairment methodology for September 30, 2017 and 2016:

September 30, 2017

                        
  

Ending Allowance Balance

  

Ending Loan Balance

 
                         
  

Individually

  

Collectively

      

Individually

  

Collectively

     
  

Evaluated for

  

Evaluated for

      

Evaluated for

  

Evaluated for

     
  

Impairment

  

Impairment

  

Total

  

Impairment

  

Impairment

  

Total

 

Commercial and Agricultural

                        

Commercial

 $-  $436  $436  $77  $45,286  $45,363 

Agricultural

  -   249   249   5   25,241   25,246 
                         

Real Estate

                        

Commercial Construction

  69   919   988   497   36,036   36,533 

Residential Construction

  -   6   6   -   8,905   8,905 

Commercial

  1,471   2,752   4,223   17,605   328,646   346,251 

Residential

  21   1,108   1,129   2,204   194,128   196,332 

Farmland

  24   848   872   1,038   70,865   71,903 
                         

Consumer and Other

                        

Consumer

  -   56   56   -   18,677   18,677 

Other

  -   18   18   -   20,836   20,836 
                         

Total End of Period Balance

 $1,585  $6,392  $7,977  $21,426  $748,620  $770,046 

September 30, 2016

                        
  

Ending Allowance Balance

  

Ending Loan Balance

 
                         
  

Individually

  

Collectively

      

Individually

  

Collectively

     
  

Evaluated for

  

Evaluated for

      

Evaluated for

  

Evaluated for

     
  

Impairment

  

Impairment

  

Total

  

Impairment

  

Impairment

  

Total

 

Commercial and Agricultural

                        

Commercial

 $-  $491  $491  $8  $45,765  $45,773 

Agricultural

  -   281   281   -   26,547   26,547 
                         

Real Estate

                        

Commercial Construction

  22   436   458   380   33,344   33,724 

Residential Construction

  -   22   22   -   10,325   10,325 

Commercial

  2,470   2,817   5,287   24,363   325,029   349,392 

Residential

  435   1,230   1,665   3,200   191,845   195,045 

Farmland

  33   829   862   1,047   72,754   73,801 
                         

Consumer and Other

                        

Consumer

  -   103   103   -   20,378   20,378 

Other

  -   34   34   -   21,132   21,132 
                         

Total End of Period Balance

 $2,960  $6,243  $9,203  $28,998  $747,119  $776,117 

unfunded commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
(dollars in thousands)Total Allowance for Credit Losses-Unfunded Commitments
Balance, December 31, 2022$— 
Adjustment to allowance for unfunded commitments for adoption of ASU 2016-131,661 
Provision for unfunded commitments139 
Balance, March 31, 2023$1,800 



24

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(5) Other Real Estate Owned


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(5) Borrowings
The aggregate carrying amount of Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)following table presents information regarding the Company’s outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016 was $4,520 and $6,439, respectively. All of the Company’s other real estate owned represents properties acquired through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure. The following table details the change in OREO for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016.

  

Nine Months Ended

  

Twelve Months Ended

 
  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 
         

Balance, Beginning

 $6,439  $8,839 
         

Additions

  1,345   5,664 

Sales of OREO

  (3,121)  (7,416)

Gains (Losses) on Sale

  113   (146)

Provision for Losses

  (256)  (502)
         

Balance, Ending

 $4,520  $6,439 

At September 30, 2017, the Company held $674 thousand of residential real estate property as foreclosed property compared to $431 thousand as of December 31, 2016.  Also at September 30, 2017, $93 thousand of consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property were in the process of foreclosure according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdictions. At December 31, 2016, only $204 thousand of consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property were in the process of foreclosure according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdictions.

(6) Deposits

The aggregate amount of overdrawn deposit accounts reclassified as loan balances totaled $435 and $414 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Components of interest-bearing deposits as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows:

  

Nine Months Ended

  

Twelve Months Ended

 
  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 
         

Interest-Bearing Demand

 $433,210  $448,004 

Savings

  77,551   70,066 

Time, $250,000 and Over

  34,236   32,168 

Other Time

  312,560   335,060 
  $857,557  $885,298 

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had brokered deposits of $49,632 and $49,303, respectively. All of these brokered deposits represent Certificate of Deposits Account Registry Service (CDARS) reciprocal deposits. The CDARS deposits are ones in which customers placed core deposits into the CDARS program for FDIC insurance coverage and the Company receives reciprocal brokered deposits in a like amount. The aggregate amount of short-term jumbo certificates of deposit, each with a minimum denomination of $250,000 was approximately $29,163 and $25,446 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The aggregate amount of certificates of deposit, each with a minimum deposit of $250,000 was $34,236 and $32,168 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

2022:
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Federal Home Loan Bank advances165,000 125,000 
Other borrowings63,375 78,352 
$228,375 $203,352 

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(6) Deposits (Continued)

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the scheduled maturities of certificates of deposits are as follows:

Maturity

 

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 

One Year and Under

 $255,989  $256,886 

One to Three Years

  69,454   85,794 

Three Years and Over

  21,353   24,548 
  $346,796  $367,228 

(7) Other Borrowed Money

Other borrowed money at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is summarized as follows:

  September 30, 2017  December 31, 2016 
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances $51,000  $46,000 
Other Borrowings  5,000   - 
  $56,000  $46,000 

Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) have(“FHLB”) have maturities ranging from 20172023 to 20262028 and interest rates ranging from 0.98 percent3.83% to 3.51 percent.4.93%. As collateral on the outstanding FHLB advances, the Company has provided a blanket lien on its portfolio of qualifying residential first mortgage loans, commercial loans, multifamily loans and commercialHELOC loans. At September 30, 2017March 31, 2023, the book valuelendable collateral of those loans pledged is $112,553.$252.2 million. At September 30, 2017March 31, 2023, the Company had remaining credit availability from the FHLB of $248,160.$567.0 million. The Company may be required to pledge additional qualifying collateral in order to utilize the full amount of the remaining credit line.

The Company's debentures issued in connection with trust preferred securities are recorded as other borrowings on the consolidated balance sheets, but, subject to certain limitations, qualify as Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $24.2 million of debentures underlying trust preferred securities were outstanding. The proceeds from the offerings were used to fund certain acquisitions, pay off holding company debt and inject capital into the bank subsidiary. The debentures underlying the trust preferred securities require quarterly interest payments.
On May 20, 2022, the Company borrowed $5,000 during completed a private placement of $40.0 million in fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2032 (the "Notes"). The Notes will bear a fixed rate of 5.25% for the first quarterfive years and will reset quarterly thereafter to then current three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of 2017 as a short term loanNew York, plus 265 basis points for the five-year floating term. The Company is entitled to be paid off within one year with anredeem the Notes, in whole or in part, on any interest ratepayment date on or after May 20, 2027, or at any time, in whole or in part, upon certain other specified events. At March 31, 2023, $39.1 million of prime plus 0.75 percent, currently 5.00 percent.

the Notes, net of debt issuance costs were outstanding.

The aggregateaggregate stated maturities of other borrowed money at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 are as follows:

Year

 

Amount

 

2017

 $10,000 

2018

  2,500 

2019

  5,000 

2020

  2,500 

After 2020

  36,000 
  $56,000 

(dollars in thousands)
YearAmount
2023$110,000 
202715,000 
2028 and After103,375 
$228,375 

The Company also has available federal funds lines of credit with various financial institutions totaling $43,500, none of which were$64.5 million, with no outstanding balance at September 30, 2017.

TheMarch 31, 2023.

The Company has the ability to borrow funds from the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB)(“FRB”) of Atlanta utilizing the discount window. The discount window is an instrument of monetary policy that allows eligible institutions to borrow money from the FRB on a short-term basis to meet temporary liquidity shortages caused by internal or external disruptions. At September 30, 2017,March 31, 2023, the Company had $57.2 million borrowing capacity available under this arrangement, with no outstanding balances. The Company would be required to pledge certain available-for-sale investment securities as collateral under this agreement.

(8) Preferred Stock and Warrants

The Company redeemed 9,360 shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (the Preferred Stock) outstanding with private investors on March 31, 2017. As a result, there is no outstanding Preferred Stock as of September 30, 2017. The Company redeemed 8,661 shares of Preferred Stock at $1,000 per share in 2016. The Company redeemed 9,979 shares of Preferred Stock at $1,000 per share during 2015.

The Company also hadhas the ability to participate in the FRB Term Funding Program, a warrant (the Warrant)new form of one-year emergency funding, with an available line of $100.0 million. The Company would be required to purchase upTreasury securities or other debt obligations. The Company has not utilized this source of funding as of March 31, 2023.


25

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to 500,000 shares of the Company’sConsolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(6) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stock outstanding with private investors. Both the Preferred Stock and the Warrant originated in 2009 through transactions with the United States Department of the Treasury and were subsequently sold to the public through an auction process in 2013.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(8) Preferred Stock and Warrants (Continued)

The Preferred Stock qualified as Tier 1 capital and was nonvoting, other than class voting rights on certain matters that could adversely affect the Preferred Stock. The Preferred Stock was redeemablestockholders by the Company at the liquidation preferenceweighted average number of $1,000common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share plus any accruedreflects the potential dilution of restricted stock.

The following table presents earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and unpaid dividends. The Warrant could be exercised on or before January 9, 2019 at an exercise price of $8.40 per share. No voting rights may be exercised with respect to the shares of the Warrant until the Warrant was exercised.

(9) Subordinated Debentures (Trust Preferred Securities)

        

3 Month

  

Added

  

Total

   

5 Year

Description

 

Date

 

Amount

  

Libor Rate

  

Points

  

Rate

 

Maturity

 

Call Option

Colony Bankcorp Statutory Trust III

 

6/17/2004

 $4,640   1.32111   2.68   4.00111 

6/14/2034

 

6/17/2009

Colony Bankcorp Capital Trust I

 

4/13/2006

  5,155   1.33500   1.50   2.83500 

4/13/2036

 

4/13/2011

Colony Bankcorp Capital Trust II

 

3/12/2007

  9,279   1.33500   1.65   2.98500 

3/12/2037

 

3/12/2012

Colony Bankcorp Capital Trust III

 

9/14/2007

  5,155   1.31111   1.40   2.71111 

9/14/2037

 

9/14/2012

The Trust Preferred Securities are recorded as subordinated debentures on the consolidated balance sheets, but subject to certain limitations, qualify as Tier 1 Capital for regulatory capital purposes. The proceeds from the offerings were used to fund certain acquisitions, pay off holding company debt and inject capital into the bank subsidiary.

The Trust Preferred Securities pay interest quarterly.

(10)2022.
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)Three Months Ended
March 31,
20232022
Numerator
Net income available to common stockholders$5,043 $5,324 
Denominator
Weighted average number of common shares
Outstanding for basic earnings per common share17,595,688 15,877,695 
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share17,595,688 15,877,695 
Earnings per share - basic$0.29 $0.34 
Earnings per share - diluted$0.29 $0.34 


(7) Commitments and Contingencies

Credit-Related Financial Instruments. Instruments.The Company is a party to credit related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’sCompany’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments. The Company follows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. We evaluateThe Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral held varies, but may include cash or cash equivalents, negotiable instruments, real estate, accounts receivable, inventory, oil, gas and mineral interests, property, plant, and equipment.

At September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 20162022 the following financial instruments were outstanding whose contract amounts represent credit risk:

  

Contract Amount

 
       
  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 
         

Loan Commitments

 $91,744  $71,359 

Letters of Credit

  1,566   1,551 

Contract Amount
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Loan commitments$406,282 $379,997 
Letters of credit3,158 3,333 

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The commitments for equity lines of credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts do notnot necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.


26

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Unfunded commitments under commercial lines of credit, revolving credit lines and overdraft protection agreements are commitments for possible future extensions of credit to existing customers. These lines of credit are uncollateralized and usually do not contain a specified maturity date and may not be drawn upon to the total extent to which the Company is committed.

Standby and performance letters of credit are conditional lending commitments issuedissued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(10) Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

Essentially all letters of credit issued have expiration dates within one year. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers.

LegalContingencies

LegalContingencies. In the ordinary course of business, there are various legal proceedings pending against the Company and the Bank. TheAs of March 31, 2023, the aggregate liabilities, if any, arising from such proceedings would not, in the opinion of management, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position.

(11)


(8) Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Generally accepted accounting standards in the U.S. require disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized on the face of the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The assumptions used in the estimation of the fair value of the Company and the Bank’s financial instruments are detailed hereafter. Where quoted prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using discounted cash flows and other valuation techniques. The use of discounted cash flows can be significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows.

Generally accepted accounting principles related to Fair Value Measurements define fair value, establish a framework for measuring fair value, establish a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement and enhance disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and represent the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Level 1          inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2          inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3          inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and represent the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.
The following disclosures should not be considered a surrogate of the liquidation value of the Company, but rather a good-faith estimate of the increase or decrease in value of financial instruments held by the Company since purchase, origination or issuance.

Cash and Short-Term Investments short-term investments– For cash, due from banks, bank-owned deposits and federal funds sold, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value and is classified as Level 1.

Investment Securities securities– Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices where available and classified as Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments and classified as Level 2. If a comparable is not available, the investment securities are classified as Level 3.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Other investments, at cost– The fair value of Federal Home Loan Bankother bank stock approximates carrying value and is classified as Level 2. Fair values for investment funds are based on quoted market prices where available and classified as Level 1.

If quoted market prices are not available, estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments and classified as Level 2. If a comparable is not available, the investment securities are classified as Level 3.


27

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Loans held for sale – The fair value of loans held for sale is determined on outstanding commitments from third party investors in the secondary markets and is classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
Loans– The fair value of fixed rate loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings. For variable rate loans, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. Most loans are classified as Level 2, but impaired loans with a related allowance are classified as Level 3.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance The carrying value of bank-owned life insurance policies approximates fair value and is classified as Level 1.

Deposit Liabilities liabilities– The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date and is classified as Level 1.2. The fair value of fixed maturity certificates of depositdeposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities and is classified as Level 2.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(11) Fair ValueFederal funds purchased – The carrying amounts of Financial InstrumentsFederal funds purchased approximate fair value and Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

Subordinated Debentures are classified as Level 2.

Federal Home Loan Bank advances– The fair value of subordinated debenturesFederal Home Loan Bank advances is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar advances would be obtained. Subordinate DebenturesFederal Home Loan Bank advances are classified as Level 2.

Other Borrowed Money borrowings– The fair value of other borrowed moneyborrowings is calculated by discounting contractual cash flows using an estimated interest rate based on current rates available to the Company for debt of similar remaining maturities and collateral terms. Other borrowed moneyborrowings is classified as Level 2 due to their expected maturities.

Disclosures

Disclosures of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis, are required in the financial statements.


28

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The carrying amount,, estimated fair values, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 20162022 are as follows:

  

Fair Value Measurements at

 
  

September 30, 2017

 
  

Carrying

  

Estimated

  

Level

  

Level

  

Level

 
  

Value

  

Fair Value

   1     2     3   
                     

Assets

                    

Cash and Short-Term Investments

 $31,600  $31,600  $31,600  $-  $- 

Investment Securities Available for Sale

  338,249   338,249   -   338,019   230 

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

  3,255   3,255   3,255   -   - 

Loans, Net

  761,639   761,831   -   755,385   6,446 

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

  15,823   15,823   15,823   -   - 
                     

Liabilities

                    

Deposits

  1,020,263   1,020,647   673,468   347,179   - 

Subordinated Debentures

  24,229   24,229   -   24,229   - 

Other Borrowed Money

  56,000   56,251   -   56,251   - 

  

Fair Value Measurements at

 
  

December 31, 2016

 
  

Carrying

  

Estimated

  

Level

  

Level

  

Level

 
  

Value

  

Fair Value

   1     2     3   
                     

Assets

                    

Cash and Short-Term Investments

 $75,167  $75,167  $75,167  $-  $- 

Investment Securities Available for Sale

  323,658   323,658   -   323,082   576 

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

  3,010   3,010   3,010   -   - 

Loans, Net

  744,999   745,240   -   738,288   6,952 

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

  15,419   15,419   15,419   -   - 
                     

Liabilities

                    

Deposits

  1,044,357   1,045,726   677,129   368,597   - 

Subordinated Debentures

  24,229   24,229   -   24,229   - 

Other Borrowed Money

  46,000   46,232   -   46,232   - 

Fair
Fair Value Measurements
(dollars in thousands)Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Level
1
Level
2
Level
3
March 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and short-term investments$81,966 $81,966 $81,966 $— $— 
Investment securities available for sale434,705 434,705 — 419,750 14,955 
Investment securities held to maturity463,946 419,071 — 419,071 — 
Other investments, at cost14,999 14,999 — 14,903 96 
Loans held for sale13,623 13,623 — 13,623 — 
Loans, net1,783,254 1,628,671 — — 1,628,671 
Liabilities
Deposits2,516,129 2,506,457 — 2,506,457 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances165,000 164,831 — 164,831 — 
 Other borrowings63,375 53,951 — 53,951 — 

Fair Value Measurements
(dollars in thousands)Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Level
1
Level
2
Level
3
December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and short-term investments$80,678 $80,678 $80,678 $— $— 
Investment securities available for sale432,553 432,553 — 416,957 15,596 
Investment securities held to maturity465,858 411,264 — 411,264 — 
Other investments, at cost13,793 13,793 — 13,003 790 
Loans held for sale17,743 17,743 — 17,743 — 
Loans, net1,720,978 1,469,707 — — 1,469,707 
Liabilities
Deposits2,490,997 2,489,481 — 2,489,481 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances125,000 125,163 — 125,163 — 
Other borrowings78,352 69,930 — 69,930 — 
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on many judgments.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(11) Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments include deferred income taxes and premises and equipment. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.


29

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy:

Assets

Securities– Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 inputs include securities that have quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flow. Examples of such instruments, which would generally be classified within level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include certain collateralized mortgage and debt obligations and certain high-yield debt securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. When measuring fair value, the valuation techniques available under the market approach, income approach and/or cost approach are used. The Company’s evaluations are based on market data and the Company employs combinations of these approaches for its valuation methods depending on the asset class.

Impaired Loans

Collateral dependent impairedloansImpairedPrior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, impaired loans arewere those loans which the Company has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value iswas generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets arewere included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that iswas significant to the fair value measurements.

Other Real Estate Owned– Other real estate owned assets are adjusted to fair value less estimated selling costs upon transfer of the loans to other real estate owned. Typically, an external, third-party appraisal is performed on the collateral upon transfer into the other real estate owned account to determine the asset’s fair value. Subsequent adjustments to the collateral’s value may be based upon either updated third-party appraisals or management’s knowledge of the collateral and the current real estate market conditions. Appraised amounts used in determining the asset’s fair value, whether internally or externally prepared, are discounted 10 percent10% to account for selling and marketing costs. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are typically significant and result in a level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Because of the high degree of judgment required in estimating the fair value of other real estate owned assets and because of the relationship between fair value and general economic conditions, we consider the fair value of other real estate owned assets to be highly sensitive to changes in market conditions.


30

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurringand NonrecurringBasis –The following table presentstables present the recorded amount of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016,2022, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall. The tabletables below includesinclude only collateral dependent impaired loans with a specific reserve and only other real estate properties with a valuation allowance at September 30, 2017.March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Those impaired loans and other real estate properties are shown net of the related specific reserves and valuation allowances.

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(dollars in thousands)Total Fair Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
March 31, 2023
Nonrecurring
Collateral dependent impaired loans$651 $— $— $651 
Other real estate owned651 — — 651 
Total nonrecurring assets$1,302 $— $— $1,302 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(dollars in thousands)Total Fair
Value
 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
December 31, 2022
Nonrecurring
Collateral dependent impaired loans$521 $— $— $521 
Other real estate owned651 — — 651 
Total nonrecurring assets$1,172 $— $— $1,172 


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(11) Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

      

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

 
      

Quoted Prices in

      

Significant

 
      

Active Markets for

  

Significant Other

  

Unobservable

 
  

Total Fair

  

Identical Assets

  

Observable

  

Inputs

 

September 30, 2017

 

Value

  

(Level 1)

  

Inputs (Level 2)

  

(Level 3)

 
                 

Recurring Securities Available for Sale

                

U.S. Government Agencies

                

Mortgage-Backed

 $330,658  $-  $330,658  $- 

State, County and Municipal

  4,539   -   4,309   230 

Corporate Bonds

  2,060   -   2,060   - 

Asset Backed

  992   -   992   - 
  $338,249  $-  $338,019  $230 
                 

Nonrecurring

                

Impaired Loans

 $6,446  $-  $-  $6,446 
                 

Other Real Estate

 $1,625  $-  $-  $1,625 

      

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

 
      

Quoted Prices in

      

Significant

 
      

Active Markets for

  

Significant Other

  

Unobservable

 
  

Total Fair

  

Identical Assets

  

Observable

  

Inputs

 

December 31, 2016

 

Value

  

(Level 1)

  

Inputs (Level 2)

  

(Level 3)

 
                 

Recurring Securities Available for Sale

                

U.S. Government Agencies

                

Mortgage-Backed

 $319,097  $-  $319,097  $- 

State, County and Municipal

  4,561   -   3,985   576 
  $323,658  $-  $323,082  $576 
                 

Nonrecurring

                

Impaired Loans

 $6,952  $-  $-  $6,952 
                 

Other Real Estate

 $2,505  $-  $-  $2,505 

Liabilities

The Company did not identify any liabilities that are required to be presented at fair value.


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(11) Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements for assets in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy measured on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016.2022. This table is comprised primarily of collateral dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned:

  

September 30, 2017

 

Valuation

Techniques

 

Unobservable

Inputs

 

Range

Weighted Avg

            
            

Real Estate

           

Commercial Construction

 $428 

Sales Comparison

 

Adjustment for Differences

  (16.00)%-1975.00%
       

Between the Comparable Sales

  979.50%
            
       

Management Adjustments for

  0.00%-10.00%
       

Age of Appraisals and/or Current

  5.00%
       

Market Conditions

    
            

Residential Real Estate

  16 

Sales Comparison

 

Adjustment for Differences

  (43.30)%-83.30%
       

Between the Comparable Sales

  20.00%
            
       

Management Adjustments for

  10.00%-25.00%
       

Age of Appraisals and/or Current

  17.50%
       

Market Conditions

    
            

Commercial Real Estate

  5,653 

Sales Comparison

 

Management Adjustments for

  0.00%-10.00%
       

Age of Appraisals and/or Current

  5.00%
       

Market Conditions

    
            
     

Income Approach

 

Capitalization Rate

  10.67%
            

Farmland

  349 

Sales Comparison

 

Adjustment for Differences

  (71.00)%-88.70%
       

Between the Comparable Sales

  8.85%
            
       

Management Adjustments for

  10.00%-75.00%
       

Age of Appraisals and/or Current

  42.50%
       

Market Conditions

    
            

Other Real Estate Owned

  1,625 

Sales Comparison

 

Adjustment for Differences

  (34.01)%-35.00%
       

Between the Comparable Sales

  0.50%
            
       

Management Adjustments for

  1.60%-81.32%
       

Age of Appraisals and/or Current

  29.15%
       

Market Conditions

    

(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023Valuation
Techniques
Unobservable
Inputs
Range
Weighted Avg
Collateral dependent impaired loans$651 Appraised ValueDiscounts to reflect current market conditions, ultimate collectability, and estimated costs to sell25 %50 %
Other real estate owned651 Appraised Value/Comparable SalesDiscounts to reflect current market conditions and estimated costs to sell— %20 %
(dollars in thousands)December 31, 2022Valuation
Techniques
Unobservable
Inputs
Range
Weighted Avg
Collateral dependent impaired loans$521 Appraised ValueDiscounts to reflect current market conditions, ultimate collectability, and estimated costs to sell25 %50 %
Other real estate owned651 Appraised Value/Comparable SalesDiscounts to reflect current market conditions and estimated costs to sell— %20 %



31

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(11) Fair Value


COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following table presents quantitative information about recurring level 3 fair value measurements as of Financial InstrumentsMarch 31, 2023 and Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

  

December 31, 2016

 

Valuation

Techniques

 

Unobservable

Inputs

 

Range

Weighted Avg

            

Real Estate

           

Commercial Construction

 $51 

Sales Comparison

 

Adjustment for Differences

  (5.00)%-99.00%
       

Between the Comparable Sales

  47.00%
            
       

Management Adjustments for

  0.00%-10.00%
       

Age of Appraisals and/or Current

  5.00%
       

Market Conditions

    
            

Residential Real Estate

  1,105 

Sales Comparison

 

Adjustment for Differences

  (22.00)%-0.00%
       

Between the Comparable Sales

  (11.00)%
            
       

Management Adjustments for

  0.00%-40.00%
       

Age of Appraisals and/or Current

  20.00%
       

Market Conditions

    
            

Commercial Real Estate

  5,445 

Sales Comparison

 

Adjustment for differences

  (14.08)%-24.62%
       

Between the comparable Sales

  5.27%
            
       

Management Adjustments for

  0.00%-100.00%
       

Age of Appraisals and/or Current

  50.00%
       

Market Conditions

    
            
     

Income Approach

 

Capitalization Rate

  10.67%
            

Farmland

  351 

Sales Comparison

 

Adjustment for Differences

  (27.00)%-15.00%
       

Between the Comparable Sales

  (6.00)%
            
       

Management Adjustments for

  10.00%-75.00%
       

Age of Appraisals and/or Current

  42.50%
       

Market Conditions

    
            

Other Real Estate Owned

  2,505 

Sales Comparison

 

Adjustment for Differences

  (50.80)%-316.00%
       

Between the Comparable Sales

  132.60%
            
       

Management Adjustment for

  6.25%-76.92%
       

Age of Appraisals and/or Current

  36.31%
       

Market Conditions

    
            
     

Income Approach

 

Discount Rate

  12.50%

December 31, 2022.

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(11)
As of March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)Fair ValueValuation
Techniques
Unobservable
Inputs
Range
(Weighted Avg)
Available for sale securities$14,955 Discounted Cash FlowDiscount Rate or YieldN/A*
Other investments96 Discounted Cash FlowDiscount Rate or YieldN/A*

 As of December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)Fair ValueValuation
Techniques
Unobservable
Inputs
Range
(Weighted Avg)
Available for sale securities$15,596 Discounted Cash FlowDiscount Rate or YieldN/A*
Other investments790 Discounted Cash FlowDiscount Rate or YieldN/A*
* The Company relies on a third-party pricing service to value its securities. The details of Financial Instrumentsthe unobservable inputs and Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

other adjustments used by the third-party pricing service were not readily available to the Company.

The table below presents a reconciliation and statement of income classification of gains and losses for all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (level 3) for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017 and the twelve months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2016.

  

Available for Sale Securities

 
  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 
         

Balance, Beginning

 $576  $930 

Transfers out of Level 3

  -   - 

Maturities

  (345)  (330)

Loss on OTTI Impairment Included in Noninterest Income

  -   - 

Unrealized Gains included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

  (1)  (24)
         
         

Balance, Ending

 $230  $576 

2023.

Available for sale securitiesOther Investments
(dollars in thousands)
Balance, Beginning$15,596 $790 
Redemptions/Payments(533)(703)
Unrealized/realized losses/(gains) included in earnings(488)
Transfer to Level 3380 — 
Balance, Ending$14,955 $96 
The Company’sCompany’s policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out of levels 1, 2 and 3 as of the end of a reporting period. There werewas $380,000 in transfers between levels for the period ended March 31, 2023 and no transfers of securities between levels for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2022.


32

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(9) Segment Information
The Company’s operating segments include banking, mortgage banking and small business specialty lending division. The reportable segments are determined by the twelveproducts and services offered, and internal reporting. The Bank segment derives its revenues from the delivery of full-service financial services, including retail and commercial banking services and deposit accounts. The Mortgage Banking segment derives its revenues from the origination and sales of residential mortgage loans held for sale. The Small Business Specialty Lending Division segment derives its revenue from the origination, sales and servicing of Small Business Administration loans and other government guaranteed loans. Segment performance is evaluated using net interest income and noninterest income. Income taxes are allocated based on income before income taxes, and indirect expenses (includes management fees) are allocated based on various internal factors for each segment. Transactions among segments are made at fair value. Information reported internally for performance assessment follows. The following tables present information reported internally for performance assessment for the three months ended DecemberMarch 31, 2016.

The following table presents quantitative information about recurring level 3 fair value measurements as of September 30, 2017.

     

Valuation

 

Unobservable

 

Range

 
  

Fair Value

 

Techniques

 

Inputs

 

Weighted Avg

 
            

State, County and Municipal

 $230 

Discounted Cash Flow

 

Discount Rate

  N/A* 

* The Company relies on a third-party pricing service2023 and 2022:

(dollars in thousands)BankMortgage
Banking
Small
Business
Specialty
Lending
Division
Totals
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Net Interest Income$20,138 $$427 $20,568 
Provision for Credit Losses900 — — 900 
Noninterest Income4,918 1,277 1,464 7,659 
Noninterest Expenses17,812 1,712 1,641 21,165 
Income Taxes1,155 (86)50 1,119 
Segment Profit$5,189 $(346)$200 $5,043 
Segments Assets at March 31, 2023$2,930,421 $7,895 $58,625 $2,996,941 
Full time employees at March 31, 20234075930496
(dollars in thousands)BankMortgage
Banking
Small
Business
Specialty
Lending
Division
Totals
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Net Interest Income$18,824 $71 $293 $19,188 
Provision for Credit Losses50 — — 50 
Noninterest Income4,300 2,912 1,940 9,152 
Noninterest Expenses17,701 2,711 1,393 21,805 
Income Taxes900 101 160 1,161 
Segment Profit$4,473 $171 $680 $5,324 
Segments Assets at December 31, 2022$2,857,893 $18,221 $60,456 $2,936,570 
Full time employees at March 31, 20224046228494



33

COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to value its municipal securities. The details of the unobservable inputs and other adjustments used by the third-party pricing service were not readily available to the Company.

(12)Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(10) Regulatory Capital Matters

The amount of dividends payable to the parent company from the subsidiary bank is limited by various banking regulatory agencies. Upon approval by regulatory authorities, the Bank may pay cash dividends to the parent company in excess of regulatory limitations.

The

As of March 31, 2023, the Company is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly, additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines andBank were categorized as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action in effect at such time. To be categorized as well-capitalized, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelineshave exceeded the well-capitalized guideline ratios in effect at the time, as set forth in the tables below, and have met certain other requirements. Management believes that involve quantitative measuresthe Company and the Bank exceeded all well-capitalized requirements at March 31, 2023, and there have been no conditions or events since quarter-end that would change the status of well-capitalized.
The Board of Governors of the Company’sFederal Reserve raised the threshold for determining applicable of the Small Bank Holding Company and Savings and Loan Company Policy Statement in August 2018 from $1 billion to $3 billion in consolidated total assets liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated underto provide regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s capital amounts and classifications are alsoburden relief, therefore, the Company is no longer subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensureminimum capital adequacy require the Company to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets.  As of September 30, 2017, the interim final Basel III rules (Basel III) require the Company to also maintain minimum amounts and ratios of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets.  These amounts and ratios as defined in regulations are presented hereafter.  Management believes, as of September 30, 2017, the Company meets all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.  In the opinion of management, there are no events or conditions since prior notification of capital adequacy from the regulators that have changed the institution’s category. 


PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(12) Regulatory Capital Matters (Continued)

The Basel III rules also require the implementation ofon a new capital conservation buffer comprised of common equity Tier 1 capital.  The capital conservation buffer will be phased in beginning January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and increase each subsequent year by 0.625% until reaching its final level of 2.5% on January 1, 2019.

consolidated basis.

The following table summarizestables summarize regulatory capital information as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 20162022 on a consolidated basis and for the subsidiary, as defined.  Regulatory capital ratios for September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 20162022 were calculated in accordance with the Basel III rules.

  

Actual

  

For Capital Adequacy

Purposes

  

To Be Well Capitalized

Under Prompt Corrective

Action Provisions

 
  

Amount

  

Ratio

  

Amount

  

Ratio

  

Amount

  

Ratio

 

As of September 30, 2017

                        
                         

Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets

                        

Consolidated

 $126,812   15.75% $64,398   8.00%  N/A   N/A 

Colony Bank

  129,973   16.17   64,312   8.00  $80,390   10.00%
                         

Tier I Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets

                        

Consolidated

  118,835   14.76   48,299   6.00   N/A   N/A 

Colony Bank

  121,996   15.18   48,234   6.00   64,312   8.00 
                         

Common Equity Tier I Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets

                        

Consolidated

  95,335   11.84   36,224   4.50   N/A   N/A 

Colony Bank

  121,996   15.18   36,175   4.50   52,253   6.50 
                ��        

Tier I Capital to Average Assets

                        

Consolidated

  118,835   9.91   47,978   4.00   N/A   N/A 

Colony Bank

  121,996   10.19   47,906   4.00   59,882   5.00 

(dollars in thousands)ActualFor Capital
Adequacy Purposes
To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
As of March 31, 2023
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets
Consolidated$319,700 14.80 %$172,811 8.00 %N/AN/A
Colony Bank277,346 12.88 172,265 8.00 $215,331 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets
Consolidated262,154 12.14 129,565 6.00 N/AN/A
Colony Bank258,947 12.02 129,258 6.00 172,344 8.00 
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets
Consolidated237,925 11.01 97,245 4.50 N/AN/A
Colony Bank258,947 12.02 96,944 4.50 140,030 6.50 
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets
Consolidated262,154 8.90 117,822 4.00 N/AN/A
Colony Bank258,947 8.82 117,436 4.00 146,795 5.00 

34

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(12) Regulatory Capital Matters (Continued)

  

Actual

  

For Capital Adequacy

Purposes

  

To Be Well Capitalized

Under Prompt Corrective

Action Provisions

 
  

Amount

  

Ratio

  

Amount

  

Ratio

  

Amount

  

Ratio

 

As of December 31, 2016

                        
                         

Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets

                        

Consolidated

 $130,785   16.64% $62,880   8.00%  N/A   N/A 

Colony Bank

  127,646   16.26   62,796   8.00  $78,495   10.00%
                         

Tier I Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets

                        

Consolidated

  121,862   15.50   47,160   6.00   N/A   N/A 

Colony Bank

  118,723   15.12   47,097   6.00   62,796   8.00 
                         

Common Equity Tier I Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets

                        

Consolidated

  89,002   11.32   35,370   4.50   N/A   N/A 

Colony Bank

  118,723   15.12   35,323   4.50   51,022   6.50 
                         

Tier I Capital to Average Assets

                        

Consolidated

  121,862   10.29   47,368   4.00   N/A   N/A 

Colony Bank

  118,723   10.04   47,290   4.00   59,113   5.00 



COLONY BANKCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

PART I (Continued)

Item 1 (Continued)

(13) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings

(dollars in thousands)ActualFor Capital
Adequacy Purposes
To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
As of December 31, 2022
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets
Consolidated$318,250 15.11 %$168,498 8.00 %N/AN/A
Colony Bank272,812 12.99 168,014 8.00 $210,017 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets
Consolidated262,999 12.49 126,341 6.00 N/AN/A
Colony Bank256,684 12.22 126,031 6.00 168,042 8.00 
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets
Consolidated238,770 11.34 94,750 4.50 N/AN/A
Colony Bank256,684 12.22 94,524 4.50 136,534 6.50 
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets
Consolidated262,999 9.17 114,721 4.00 N/AN/A
Colony Bank256,684 8.97 114,463 4.00 143,079 5.00 

(11) Subsequent Events
Dividend
On April 27, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.11 per share, is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution of restricted stock andbe paid on its common stock warrants. Net income availableon May 24, 2023, to common stockholders represents net income after preferred stock dividends. The following table presents earnings per share for the three month and nine month period ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30

  

September 30

 
  

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

 
                 

Numerator

                

Net Income Available to Common Stockholders

 $2,622  $1,880  $6,961  $5,297 
                 

Denominator

                

Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding for Basic Earnings Per Common Share

  8,439   8,439   8,439   8,439 
                 

Dilutive Effect of Potential Common Stock

                

Restricted Stock

  -   -   -   - 

Stock Warrants

  191   67   193   57 

Weighted-Average Number of Shares Outstanding for

                

Diluted Earnings Per Common Share

  8,630   8,506   8,632   8,496 
                 

Earnings Per Share - Basic

 $0.31  $0.22  $0.82  $0.63 
                 

Earnings Per Share - Diluted

 $0.30  $0.22  $0.81  $0.62 

(14) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for unrealized gains and losses securities available for sale for the period ended September 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016 areshareholders of record as follows:

  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

 
         

Beginning Balance

 $(5,022) $(4,434)
         

Other Comprehensive Income Before Reclassification

  1,246   (334)
         

Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

  -   (254)
         

Net Current Period Other Comprehensive Income

  1,246   (588)
         

Ending Balance

 $(3,776) $(5,022)


PART I (Continued)

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Future Outlook

During the recent financial crisis, the financial industry experienced tremendous adversities as a result of the collapseclose of the real estate markets across the country. business on May 10, 2023.



35


Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The Company, like most banking companies, has been affected by these economic challenges that started with a rapid stallpurpose of real estate sales and developments throughout the country. While much has been accomplished in addressing problem assets the past several years, there is still work to be done in bringing our problem assets to an acceptable level. Our focus in 2017 has been and will continue to be directed toward further reduction of problem assets.

In 2017 we have committed to improving earnings, reducing problem assets and redeeming TARP preferred stock. In the first quarter of 2017 we received approval from the Federal Reserve and the Department of Banking and Finance to completely eliminate the Preferred Stock. Given the improved condition of the Company, we are also considering product and market expansion. In 2016, we opened new offices in Tifton and Statesboro, while closing four offices in smaller rural markets. In January 2017, the Company opened its third office in Savannah. Currently, the Company is performing due diligence on a property for a new office in Statesboro.

In addition to improving earnings, reducing problem assets and maintaining strong capital levels, we reinstated quarterly dividend payments beginning first quarter 2017. The Company’s board of directors suspended the payment of dividends in the third quarter of 2009.

We continue to explore opportunities to improve core non-interest income. Revenue enhancement initiatives to accomplish this include new product lines and services. The Company will also invest in new technology with the implementation of a new loan platform which will offer much efficiency with our “back-office” operations.

In addition, we continue to make efforts to attract and retain top talent to improve business operations. To that end, the Company entered into Retention Agreements with members of management in the first quarter of 2015. The Company expects that these agreements will facilitate the retention of key individuals responsible for maintaining current operations and spearheading future product and market expansion.

Major Trends/Significant Considerations

The following discussion sets forth management’s discussion and analysis of our consolidatedis to focus on significant changes in the financial condition as of September 30, 2017,Colony Bankcorp, Inc. and the consolidatedour wholly owned subsidiary, Colony Bank, from December 31, 2022 through March 31, 2023 and on our results of operations for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017.March 31, 2023 and 2022. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s annual reportCompany's 2022 Form 10-K, and information presented elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in Item 1.

Forward-looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “might,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “strive,” “projection,” “goal,” “target,” “outlook,” “aim,” “would,” “annualized” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
A number of important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including those factors discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the following: 
the impact of current and future economic and market conditions generally (including seasonality) and in the financial services industry, nationally and within our primary market areas, including the effects of inflationary pressures, changes in interest rates, slowdowns in economic growth, and the potential for high unemployment rates, as well as the financial stress on borrowers and changes to customer and client behavior (including the velocity of loan repayment) and credit risk as a result of the foregoing

changes in interest rate environment (including changes to the federal funds rate, the level and composition of deposits (as well as the cost of, and competition for, deposits), loan demand, liquidity and the values of loan collateral, securities and market fluctuations, and interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities), and competition in our markets may result in increased funding costs or reduced earning assets yields, thus reducing our margins and net interest income;

recent adverse developments in the banking industry highlighted by high-profile bank failures and the potential impact of such developments on customer confidence, liquidity and regulatory responses to these developments (including increases in the cost of our deposit insurance assessments), our ability to effectively manage our liquidity risk and any growth plans and the availability of capital and funding;

our ability to comply with applicable capital and liquidity requirements, including our ability to generate liquidity internally or raise capital on favorable terms, including continued access to the debt and equity capital markets;

the risk that a future economic downturn and contraction, including a recession, could have a material adverse effect on our capital, financial condition, credit quality, results of operations and future growth, including the risk that the strength of the current economic environment could be weakened by the impact of rising interest rates, supply chain challenges and inflation;
factors that can impact the performance of our loan portfolio, including real estate values and liquidity in our primary market areas, the financial health of our borrowers and the success of various projects that we finance;
concentration of our loan portfolio in real estate loans and changes in the prices, values and sales volumes of commercial and residential real estate;
36


weakness in the real estate market, which can affect, among other things, the value of collateral securing mortgage loans, mortgage loan originations and delinquencies, and mortgage fee income;

credit and lending risks associated with our construction and development, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial and residential real estate loan portfolios;
negative impact in our mortgage banking services, including declines in our mortgage originations or profitability due to rising interest rates and increased competition and regulation, the Bank’s or third party’s failure to satisfy mortgage servicing obligations, loan modifications, the effects of judicial or regulatory requirements or guidance, and the possibility of the Bank being required to repurchase mortgage loans or indemnify buyers;

our ability to attract sufficient loans that meet prudent credit standards, including in our construction and development, commercial and industrial and owner-occupied commercial real estate loan categories;
our ability to attract and maintain business banking relationships with well-qualified businesses, real estate developers and investors with proven track records in our market areas;
our ability to successfully manage our credit risk and the sufficiency of our allowance for credit losses ("ACL"), including the implementation of the Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") model;
the adequacy of our reserves (including allowance for credit losses) and the appropriateness of our methodology for calculating such reserves;
our ability to successfully execute our business strategy to achieve profitable growth;
the concentration of our business within our geographic areas of operation in Georgia and Alabama and neighboring markets;
our focus on small and mid-sized businesses;
our ability to manage our growth;
our ability to increase our operating efficiency;
significant turbulence or a disruption in the capital or financial markets and the effect of a fall in stock market prices on our investment securities;
risks that our cost of funding could increase, in the event we are unable to continue to attract stable, low-cost deposits and reduce our cost of deposits;
inability of our risk management framework to effectively mitigate credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, price risk, compliance risk, operational risk, strategic risk and reputational risk;
our ability to maintain expenses in line with current projections;
the makeup of our asset mix and investments;
external economic, political and/or market factors, such as changes in monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve, the possibility that the U.S. could default on its debt obligations, inflation or deflation, changes in the demand for loans, and fluctuations in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits, which may have an adverse impact on our financial condition;
the risks relating to past acquisition including, without limitation: unexpected transaction costs, including the costs of integrating operations; the risks that the businesses will not be integrated successfully or that such integration may be more difficult, time-consuming or costly than expected; the potential failure to fully or timely realize expected revenues and revenue synergies, including as the result of revenues being lower than expected;

uncertainty related to the transition away from the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”);


37


continued or increasing competition from other financial institutions (including fintech companies), credit unions, and non-bank financial services companies, many of which are subject to different regulations than we are;
challenges arising from unsuccessful attempts to expand into new geographic markets, products, or services;
restraints on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to us, which could limit our liquidity;
increased capital requirements imposed by banking regulators, which may require us to raise capital at a time when capital is not available on favorable terms or at all;
a failure in the internal controls we have implemented to address the risks inherent to the business of banking;
inaccuracies in our assumptions about future events, which could result in material differences between our financial projections and actual financial performance;
changes in our management personnel or our inability to retain motivate and hire qualified management personnel;
the dependence of our operating model on our ability to attract and retain experienced and talented bankers in each of our markets, which may be impacted as a result of labor shortages;
our ability to identify and address cyber-security risks, fraud and systems errors;
disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems;
disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events affecting the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing functions;
an inability to keep pace with the rate of technological advances due to a lack of resources to invest in new technologies;
fraudulent and negligent acts by our clients, employees or vendors and our ability to identify and address such acts;
risks related to potential acquisitions;
the impact of any claims or legal actions to which we may be subject, including any effect on our reputation;
compliance with governmental and regulatory requirements, including the Dodd-Frank Act and others relating to banking, consumer protection, securities and tax matters, and our ability to maintain licenses required in connection with commercial mortgage origination, sale and servicing operations;
changes in the scope and cost of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance and other coverage;
changes in our accounting standards;
changes in tariffs and trade barriers;
changes in federal tax law or policy;
the institution and outcome of litigation and other legal proceedings against us or to which we may become subject to;
the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes;
examinations by our regulatory authorities;

38


the effects of war or other conflicts (including the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine), acts of terrorism, acts of God, natural disasters, health emergencies, epidemics or pandemics, climate changes, or other catastrophic events that may affect general economic conditions;
the risks related to environmental,social and governance ("ESG") strategies and initiatives, the scope and pace of which could alter the Company's reputation and shareholder, associate, customer and third-party affiliations; and
other risks and factors identified in our 2022 Form 10-K, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023, and in any of the Company's other reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and available on March 10, 2017. Readers should also carefully review all other disclosures we file from time to time with the SEC.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States and prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, management uses certain non-GAAP measures to supplement the evaluation of our performance. These include the fully-taxable equivalent measures: tax-equivalent net interest income, tax-equivalent net interest margin, and tax-equivalent net interest spread, which include the effects of taxable-equivalent adjustments using a federal income tax rate of 34% to increase tax-exempt interest income to a tax-equivalent basis.  Tax-equivalent adjustments are reported in Notes 1 and 2 to the Average Balances with Average Yields and Rates table under Rate/Volume Analysis. Tangible book value per common share is also a non-GAAP measure used in the selected Financial Data Section.

Tax-equivalent net interest income, net interest margin and net interest spread.  Net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis is a non-GAAP measure that adjusts for the tax-favored status of net interest income from loans and investments. We believe this measure to be the preferred industry measurement of net interest income and it enhances comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources. its website at www.sec.gov.

The most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is our net interest income. Net interest margin on a tax-equivalent basis is net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis divided by average interest-earning assets on a tax-equivalent basis. The most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is our net interest margin. Net interest spread on a tax-equivalent basis is the difference in the average yield on average interest-earning assets on a tax equivalent basis and the average rate paid on average interest-bearing liabilities. The most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is our net interest spread.


PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

These non-GAAP financial measuresforegoing factors should not be considered alternatives to GAAP-basis financialconstrued as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Because of these risks and other bank holding companiesuncertainties, our actual future results, performance or achievement, or industry results, may define or calculate these non-GAAP measures or similar measures differently.

A reconciliation of these performance measures to GAAP performance measures is includedbe materially different from the results indicated by the forward looking statements in the tables below.

Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation 

  

Three months ended September 30,

  

Nine months ended September 30,

 
  

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

 
                 

Interest Income Reconciliation

                

Interest Income – Taxable Equivalent

 $11,622  $11,202  $34,355  $33,518 

Tax Equivalent Adjustment

  44   46   118   132 

Interest Income (GAAP)

 $11,578  $11,156  $34,237  $33,386 
                 

Net Interest Income Reconciliation

                

Net Interest Income – Taxable Equivalent

 $9,887  $9,602  $29,239  $28,669 

Tax Equivalent Adjustment

  44   46   118   132 

Net Interest Income (GAAP)

 $9,843  $9,556  $29,121  $28,537 

  

Three Months Ended September 30,

  

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 
  

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

 
                 

Net Interest Margin Reconciliation

                

Net Interest Margin – Taxable Equivalent

  3.50%  3.56%  3.45%  3.52%

Tax Equivalent Adjustment

  0.01   0.02   0.02   0.02 

Net Interest Margin (GAAP)

  3.49%  3.54%  3.43%  3.50%
                 

Interest Rate Spread Reconciliation

                

Interest Rate Spread – Taxable Equivalent

  3.38%  3.45%  3.33%  3.40%

Tax Equivalent Adjustment

  0.01   0.02   0.01   0.01 

Interest Rate Spread (GAAP)

  3.37%  3.43%  3.32%  3.39%

The Company

Colony Bankcorp, Inc. (the Company) is a bank holding company headquartered in Fitzgerald, Georgia that provides, through Colony Bank, its wholly owned subsidiary (collectively referred to as the Company), a broad array of products and services throughout 19 Georgia markets. The Company offers commercial, consumer and mortgage banking services.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Accounting Estimates

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and conform to general practices within the banking industry. The Company’s financial position andthis Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, our past results of operations are affected by management’s applicationnot necessarily indicative of accounting policies, including judgments made to arrive at the carrying value of assetsour future results. You should not rely on any forward looking statements, which represent our beliefs, assumptions and liabilities and amounts reported for revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in the Company’s financial position and/or results of operations. Critical accounting policies are those policies that management believes are the most important to the portrayalestimates only as of the Company’s financial conditiondates on which they were made, as predictions of future events. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and resultswe do not undertake any obligation to update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of operations, and they require management to make estimates that are difficult and subjective.

new information, future developments or otherwise.


Overview

The

The following discussion and analysis presents the more significant factors affecting the Company’s financial condition as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2016,2022, and results of operations for each of the nine months in thethree month periods ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 and 2016.2022. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements, notes thereto and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report.


PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Taxable-equivalent adjustments are the result of increasing income from tax-free loans and investments by an amount equal to the taxes that would be paid if the income were fully taxable based on a 34 percent federal tax rate, thus making tax-exempt yields comparable to taxable asset yields.

Dollar amounts in tables are stated in thousands, except for per share amounts.

Results of Operations

The Company’s results of operations are determined by its ability to effectively manage interest income and expense, to minimize loan and investment losses, to generate noninterest income and to control noninterest expense. Since market forces and economic conditions beyond the control ofAt March 31, 2023, the Company determine interest rates, the ability to generatehad total consolidated assets of $3.0 billion, total loans, net interestof $1.8 billion, total deposits of $2.5 billion, and stockholders’ equity of $238.8 million. The Company reported net income is dependent upon the Company’s ability to obtain an adequate spread between the rate earned on interest-earning assets and the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Thus, the key performance for net interest income is the interest margin or net yield, which is taxable-equivalent net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Net income available to common shareholders totaled $2.62of $5.0 million, or $0.30$0.29 per diluted per common share, infor the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to net income available to common shareholders of 1.88$5.3 million, or $0.22$0.34 per diluted per common share, infor the three months ended September 30, 2016. NetMarch 31, 2022. The decrease in net income available to common shareholders totaled $6.96 million, or $0.81 diluted per common share, in ninefor the three months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 compared to net income available to common shareholders of $5.30 million, or $0.62 diluted per common share, in nine monthsthe same period ended September 30, 2016. The Company did not have any material changes to its results of operations in the third quarter of 2017.

Selected income statement data, returns on average assets and average common equity and dividends per share for the comparable periods were as follows:

  

Three Months Ended September 30

  

Nine Months Ended September 30

 
          

$

  

%

          

$

  

%

 
  

2017

  

2016

  

Variance

  

Variance

  

2017

  

2016

  

Variance

  

Variance

 
                                 

Taxable-equivalent net interest income

 $9,887  $9,602  $285   2.97% $29,239  $28,669  $570   1.99%

Taxable-equivalent adjustment

  44   46   (2)  (4.35)  118   132   (14)  (10.61)
                                 

Net interest income

  9,843   9,556   287   3.00   29,121   28,537   584   2.05 

Provision for loan losses

  -   354   (354)  (100.00)  335   1,062   (727)  (68.46)

Noninterest income

  2,424   2,637   (213)  (8.08)  7,218   7,161   57   0.80 

Noninterest expense

  8,380   8,654   (274)  (3.17)  25,408   25,243   165   0.65 
                                 

Income before income taxes

  3,887   3,185   702   22.04   10,596   9,393   1,203   12.81 

Income taxes

  1,265   927   338   36.46   3,424   2,907   517   17.78 
                                 

Net income

  2,622   2,258   364   16.12   7,172   6,486   686   10.58 
                                 

Preferred stock dividends

  -   378   (378)  (100.00)  211   1,189   (978)  (82.85)
                                 

Net income available to common shareholders

 $2,622  $1,880  $742   39.47% $6,961  $5,297  $1,664   31.41%
                                 

Net income available to common shareholders:

                                

Basic

 $0.31  $0.22  $0.09   40.91% $0.82  $0.63  $0.19   30.16%

Diluted

 $0.30  $0.22  $0.08   36.36% $0.81  $0.62  $0.19   30.65%

Return on average assets

  0.88%  0.65%  0.23   35.38%  0.78%  0.61%  0.17   27.87%

Return on average total equity

  11.57%  7.35%  4.22   57.41%  10.23%  7.03%  3.20   45.52%

DetailsMarch 31, 2022 was primarily a result of the changesdecreases in the various componentsmortgage fee income and gains on sales of SBA loans, partially offset by increase in net income are further discussed below.

interest income.

PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Net Interest Income

Net interest income ison a tax equivalent basis increased to $20.7 million for the difference between interest income on earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, which are usedfirst quarter of 2023, compared to fund those assets. Net interest income is the Company’s largest source of revenue, representing 80.14 percent of total revenue for nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 79.94 percent$19.3 million for the same period a year ago.

Net interest margin is the taxable-equivalent net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets for the period. The level of interest rates and the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities impact net interest income and net interest margin.

The Federal Reserve Board influences the general market rates of interest, including the depositin 2022, primarily due to an increase in investment securities and loan rates, offeredoffset comparably by many financial institutions. The Company’s loan portfolio is significantly affected by changes in the prime interest rate. The prime interest rate, which is the rate offered on loans to borrowers with strong credit, is currently 4.25 percent. The rate increased 25 basis points in the first and second quarter of 2017. The federal funds rate moved similarly to the prime rate with interest rates currently at 1.25 percent. We expect another additional ratean increase in 2017.

The following table presents the changes in taxable-equivalent net interest incomedeposit and identifies the changes due to differences in the average volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the changes due to changes in the average interest rate on those assets and liabilities. The changes in net interest income due to changes in both average volume and average interest rate have been allocated to the average volume change or the average interest rate change in proportion to the absolute amounts of the change in each. The Company’s consolidated average balance sheets along with an analysis of taxable-equivalent net interest earnings are presented in the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included elsewhere in this report.


PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Rate/Volume Analysis

The rate/volume analysis presented hereafter illustrates the change from September 30, 2016 to September 30, 2017 for each component of the taxable equivalent net interest income separated into the amount generated through volume changes and the amount generated by changes in the yields/borrowing rates.

  

Changes from September 30, 2016 to September 30, 2017

 

($ in thousands)

 

Volume

  

Rate

  

Total

 
             

Interest Income

            

Loans, Net-taxable

 $83  $(344) $(261)
             

Investment Securities

            

Taxable

  532   478   1,010 

Tax-exempt

  (6)  (5)  (11)

Total Investment Securities

  526   473   999 
             

Interest-Bearing Deposits in other Banks

  7   80   87 
             

Other Interest - Earning Assets

  11   1   12 

Total Interest Income

  627   210   837 
             

Interest Expense

            

Interest-Bearing Demand and Savings Deposits

  141   23   164 

Time Deposits

  (186)  1   (185)

Subordinated Debentures

  -   227   227 

Other Borrowed Money

  133   (75)  58 

Federal Funds Purchased

  3   -   3 
             

Total Interest Expense

  91   176   267 

Net Interest Income

 $536  $34  $570 

(1) Changes in net interest income for the periods, based on either changes in average balances or changes in average rates for interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, are shown on this table. During each year, there are numerous and simultaneous balance and rate changes; therefore, it is not possible to precisely allocate the changes between balances and rates. For the purpose of this table, changes that are not exclusively due to balance changes or rate changes have been attributed to rates.

The Company maintains about 21 percent of its loan portfolio in adjustable rate loans that reprice with prime rate changes, while the bulk of its other loans mature within 3 years. The liabilities to fund assets are primarily in short term certificate of deposits that mature within one year. The net interest margin decreased to 3.45 percent3.08% for the nine monthsquarter ended September 30, 2017 compared to 3.52 percentMarch 31, 2023 from 3.13% for the same period a year ago. We anticipatein 2022. The primary reason for the decrease in net interest margin remaining relatively flat for 2017.

Taxable-equivalent net interest income for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $570 thousand, or 1.99 percentMarch 31, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago. The average volume of earning assets during nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased $44.11 million comparedin 2022 is due to an increase in the same period a year ago. Growthyield on deposits and borrowings that outpaced the increase in average earning assets during 2017 was primarily in investments and loans.

The average volume of loans increased $2.16 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. The average yield on loans decreased 6 basis pointsand securities.

Provision for credit losses for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 was $900,000, which represents $761,000 in credit losses on loans and $139,000 in credit losses on unfunded commitments. This is compared to the same period a year ago. The average volume of investment securities increased $39.89 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same year ago period, while the average yield on investment securities increased 18 basis points$50,000 for the same period comparison. The average volumein 2022, which represents provision for loan losses. Net charge-offs for the first quarter of deposits increased $38.732023 were $237,000 compared to $41,000 for the same period in 2022. As of March 31, 2023, Colony’s allowance for credit losses on loans was $16.6 million, or 0.92% of total loans, compared to $16.1 million, or 0.93% of total loans, at December 31, 2022. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonperforming assets were $7.8 million and $6.4 million, or 0.26% and 0.22% of total assets, respectively.
Noninterest income of $7.7 million for the ninefirst quarter of 2023 was down $1.5 million, or 16.31%, from the first quarter of 2022. The decrease was primarily due to decreases in both mortgage fee income and gains on sales of SBA loans, offset by increases in other noninterest income. See "Table 3 - Noninterest income" for more detail and discussion on the primary drivers to the decrease in noninterest income.
For the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared toMarch 31, 2023, noninterest expense was $21.2 million, a decrease of $640,000, or 2.94%, from the same period in 2022. Decreases in noninterest expense are primarily due to decreases year over year in salaries and employee benefits expenses. See "Table 4 - Noninterest expense" for more detail and discussion on the primary drivers to the decrease in noninterest expense.


39


Economic Conditions
The economic conditions and growth prospects for our markets, even against the headwinds of inflation and recessionary concerns, continue to reflect a year ago,solid and positive overall outlook with interest-bearing deposits increasing $21.24economic activity close to pre-pandemic levels. Increasing interest rates and rising building costs have caused some slowing of the highly robust single family housing market, however, there continues to be a shortage of housing in several Georgia markets. Worker shortages especially in the restaurant, hospitality and retail industries combined with supply chain disruptions impacting numerous industries and inflationary conditions has had some impact on the level of economic growth. Ongoing higher inflation levels and higher interest rates could have a negative impact on both our consumer and commercial borrowers.
CECL Adoption

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC Topic 326 which replaces the incurred loss approach for measuring credit losses with an expected loss model, referred to the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model. CECL applies to financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures, which include, but are not limited to, loans, leases, held-to-maturity securities, loan commitments and financial guarantees. The adoption of this guidance resulted in a decrease of the allowance for credit losses on loans of $53,000, the creation of an allowance for unfunded commitments of $1.7 million and a reduction of retained earnings of $1.2 million, net of the increase in deferred tax assets of $410,000.

Going forward, the impact of utilizing the CECL approach to calculate the allowance for credit losses will be significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of our loan portfolio, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts utilized. Material changes to these and other relevant factors may result in greater volatility to the provision for credit losses, and therefore, greater volatility to our reported earnings. See Notes 1 and 3 of our consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2023, included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, for additional information on the on the allowance for credit losses and the allowance for unfunded commitments.

Critical Accounting Policies
Our accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with GAAP and conform to general practices within the banking industry. We have identified certain of its accounting policies as “critical accounting policies,” consisting of those related to business combinations, allowance for credit losses and income taxes. In determining which accounting policies are critical in nature, we have identified the policies that require significant judgment or involve complex estimates. It is management's practice to discuss critical accounting policies with the Board of Directors' Audit Committee on a periodic basis, including the development, selection, implementation and disclosure of the critical accounting policies. The application of these policies has a significant impact on the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. Our financial results could differ significantly if different judgments or estimates are used in the application of these policies. All accounting policies described in Note 1 of our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022, which are included in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K should be reviewed for a greater understanding of how we record and report our financial performance. Other than our methodology for estimating allowance for credit losses (mentioned below), there have been no significant changes to the Significant Accounting Policies as described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the nine monthsyear ended September 30, 2017.

December 31, 2022, which are included in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K.
Reserve for Credit Losses

A consequence of lending activities is that we may incur credit losses. The amount of such losses will vary depending upon the risk characteristics of the loan lease portfolio as affected by economic conditions such as rising interest rates and the financial performance of borrower.

The reserve for credit losses consists of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) and the allowance for unfunded commitments. As a result of our January 1, 2023 adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, and its related amendments, our methodology for estimating the reserve for credit losses changed significantly from December 31, 2022. The standard replaced the “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” approach known as the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”). The CECL approach requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). It removes the incurred loss approach’s threshold that delayed the recognition of a credit loss until it was “probable” a loss event was “incurred.”

The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL approach is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. We then consider whether the historical loss


40

PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Accordingly,



experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the ratioreporting date that did not exist over the period from which historical experience was used. Finally, we consider forecasts about future economic conditions that are reasonable and supportable. The allowance for unfunded commitments represents the expected credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. This allowance is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date under the CECL model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur.

Management’s evaluation of average interest-bearingthe appropriateness of the reserve for credit losses is often the most critical of accounting estimates for a financial institution. Our determination of the amount of the reserve for credit losses is a critical accounting estimate as it requires significant reliance on the credit risk rating we assign to individual borrowers, the use of estimates and significant judgment as to the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, reliance on historical loss rates on homogenous portfolios, consideration of our quantitative and qualitative evaluation of economic factors, and the reliance on our reasonable and supportable forecasts. The reserve for credit losses attributable to each portfolio segment also includes an amount for inherent risks not reflected in the historical analyses. Relevant factors include, but are not limited to, concentrations of credit risk (geographic, large borrower, and industry), local/regional economic trends and conditions, changes in underwriting standards, changes in collateral values, experience and depth of lending staff, trends in delinquencies, and the volume and terms of loans.

Recent Industry Developments

During the first quarter of 2023, the banking industry experienced significant volatility with multiple high-profile bank failures and industry wide concerns related to liquidity, deposit outflows, uninsured deposit concentrations, unrealized securities losses and eroding consumer confidence in the banking system. Despite these negative industry developments, the Company’s liquidity position and balance sheet remains robust. The Company’s total deposits increased by 1.0% as compared to December 31, 2022, to $2.52 billion at March 31, 2023 as we experienced minimal deposit outflow in the first quarter. The Company’s uninsured deposits represented 30.96% of total average deposits was 84.94 percentat March 31, 2023 compared to 34.85% of total deposits at December 31, 2022. The Company also took a number of preemptive actions, which included proactive outreach to clients and actions to maximize its funding sources in response to these recent developments. Furthermore, the Company’s capital remains strong with common equity Tier 1 and total capital ratios of 11.01% and 14.80%, respectively, as of March 31, 2023.

Results of Operations
We reported net income and diluted earnings per share of $5.0 million and $0.29, respectively, for the ninefirst three months ended September 30, 2017 comparedof 2023. This compares to 86.12 percent innet income and diluted earnings per share of $5.3 million and $0.34, respectively, for the same period a year ago. This deposit mix hadin 2022.

Net Interest Income
Net interest income, which is the effect of decreasingdifference between interest earned on assets and the average costinterest paid on deposits and borrowed funds, is the single largest component of total deposits by 2 basis points in nine months ended September 30, 2017 comparedrevenue. Management strives to the same period a year ago.

optimize this income while balancing interest rate, credit and liquidity risks.

The Company’sbanking industry uses two key ratios to measure relative profitability of net interest income. The net interest spread which representsmeasures the difference between the average rate earnedyield on interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities,liabilities. The interest rate spread eliminates the effect of noninterest-bearing deposits and gives a direct perspective on the effect of market interest rate movements. The net interest margin is an indication of the profitability of a company's balance sheet and is defined as net interest income as a percent of average total interest-earning assets, which includes the positive effect of funding a portion of interest-earning assets with noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders' equity.
Fully taxable equivalent net interest income for the first quarter of 2023 and 2022 was 3.33 percent$20.7 million and $19.3 million, respectively. This increase is primarily due to an increase in nine months ended September 30, 2017rates on loans and securities, partially offset by rates paid on deposits. The net interest margin for the first quarter of 2023 and 2022 was 3.08% and 3.13% respectively. This decrease in net interest margin for the first quarter of 2023 compared to 3.40 percent in the same period in 2022 is primarily a year ago.result of the increase in higher borrowing yields as well as higher yields paid on deposits, that outpaced the increase in rates on loan and investments.
The following table indicates the relationship between interest income and interest expense and the average amounts of assets and liabilities for the periods indicated. As shown in the tables, both average assets and average liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased compared to the same period in 2022. The increase in average assets was primarily

41


driven by the increase in the loan portfolio of $417.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, which primarily reflects organic loan growth, partially offset by a decrease of $76.2 million in the securities portfolio and a decrease in deposits in banks and short term investments of $110.8 million. The increase in average liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was funded through an increase in interest bearing deposits of $128.6 million, FHLB borrowings of $97.8 million and other borrowings of $50.9 million. The net interest spread, as well as the net interest margin, will continue to be impacted by future changes in short-term and long-term interest rate levels, as well as the impact from the competitive environment.

The yield on total interest-bearing liabilities increased from 0.23% in the first quarter of 2022 to 1.47% in the first quarter of 2023 due to increases in the federal funds interest rate during 2022 and the first quarter of 2023. Since March 2022, the Federal Reserve's Federal Open Market Committee ("FOMC") has raised the interest rate 475 basis points through March 31, 2023.


42

PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS

 

Nine Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2016

 
  

Average

  

Income/

  

Yields/

  

Average

  

Income/

  

Yields/

 

($ in thousands)

 

Balances

  

Expense

  

Rates

  

Balances

  

Expense

  

Rates

 

Assets

                        

Interest-Earning Assets

                        

Loans, Net of Unearned Interest and fees

                        

Taxable (1)

 $760,540  $28,981   5.08% $758,377  $29,242   5.14%

Investment Securities

                        

Taxable

  343,183   5,037   1.96%  303,100   4,027   1.77%

Tax-Exempt (2)

  2,307   62   3.58%  2,503   73   3.89%

Total Investment Securities

  345,490   5,099   1.97%  305,603   4,100   1.79%

Interest-Bearing Deposits

  21,611   166   1.02%  19,867   79   0.53%

Interest-Bearing Other Assets

  3,114   109   4.67%  2,802   97   4.62%

Total Interest-Earning Assets

 $1,130,755  $34,355   4.05% $1,086,649  $33,518   4.11%

Non-interest-Earning Assets

                        

Cash and Cash Equivalents

  19,942           14,904         

Allowance for Loan Losses

  (8,691)          (9,418)        

Other Assets

  54,991           65,681         

Total Noninterest-Earning Assets

  66,242           71,167         

Total Assets

 $1,196,997          $1,157,816         

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

                        

Interest-Bearing Liabilities

                        

Interest-Bearing Deposits

                        

Interest-Bearing Demand and Savings

 $515,412  $1,405   0.36% $463,115  $1,241   0.36%

Other Time

  357,075   2,154   0.80%  388,137   2,339   0.80%

Total Interest-Bearing Deposits

  872,487   3,559   0.54%  851,252   3,580   0.56%

Other Interest-Bearing Liabilities

                        

Other Borrowed Money

  47,923   887   2.47%  41,285   829   2.68%

Subordinated Debentures

  24,229   667   3.67%  24,229   440   2.42%

Federal Funds Purchased

  233   3   1.72%  -   -   -%

Total Other Interest-Bearing Liabilities

  72,385   1,557   2.87%  65,514   1,269   2.58%

Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities

 $944,872  $5,116   0.72% $916,766  $4,849   0.71%

Noninterest-Bearing Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

                        

Demand Deposits

  154,723           137,230         

Other Liabilities

  6,640           3,389         

Stockholders' Equity

  90,762           100,431         

Total Noninterest-Bearing Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

  252,125           241,050         

Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

 $1,196,997          $1,157,816         
                         

Interest Rate Spread

          3.33%          3.40%

Net Interest Income

     $29,239          $28,669     

Net Interest Margin

          3.45%          3.52%

(1)

The average balance of loans includes the average balance of nonaccrual loans. Income on such loans is recognized and recorded on the cash basis. Taxable equivalent adjustments totaling $97 and $107 for nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, are included in tax-exempt interest on loans.

(2)

Taxable-equivalent adjustments totaling $21 and $25 for nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, are included in tax-exempt interest on investment securities. The adjustments are based on a federal tax rate of 34 percent with appropriate reductions for the effect of disallowed interest expense incurred in carrying tax-exempt obligations.




PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Table 1 - Average Balance Sheet and Net Interest Analysis
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
(dollars in thousands)Average
Balances
Income/
Expense
Yields/
Rates
Average
Balances
Income/
Expense
Yields/
Rates
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Loans, net of unearned income(1)
$1,779,852 $22,199 5.06 %$1,362,434 $16,060 4.78 %
Investment securities, taxable786,900 5,374 2.77 866,445 3,753 1.76 
Investment securities, tax-exempt(2)
114,346 594 2.11 111,007 516 1.89 
Deposits in banks and short term investments50,898 357 2.85 161,653 56 0.14 
Total interest-earning assets$2,731,996 $28,524 4.23 %$2,501,539 $20,385 3.30 %
Noninterest-earning assets217,990 177,703 
Total assets$2,949,986 $2,679,242 
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-earning demand and savings$1,409,834 $2,324 0.67 %$1,445,408 $261 0.07 %
Other time507,415 2,675 2.14 343,215 338 0.40 
Total interest-bearing deposits1,917,249 4,999 1.06 1,788,623 599 0.14 
Federal funds purchased7,012 88 5.09 — — — 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances149,444 1,626 4.41 51,678 249 1.95 
Other borrowings76,083 1,089 5.80 32,181 201 2.53 
Total other interest-bearing liabilities232,539 2,803 4.89 83,859 450 2.18 
Total interest-bearing liabilities$2,149,788 $7,802 1.47 %$1,872,482 $1,049 0.23 %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits556,216 552,734 
Other liabilities9,835 10,906 
Stockholders' equity234,147 243,120 
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities and stockholders' equity800,198 806,760 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$2,949,986 $2,679,242 
Interest rate spread2.76 %3.07 %
Net interest income$20,722 $19,336 
Net interest margin3.08 %3.13 %
1.The average balance of loans includes the average balance of nonaccrual loans. Income on such loans is recognized and recorded on the cash basis. Taxable-equivalent adjustments totaling $45,000 and $50,000 for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included in income and fees on loans. Accretion income of $71,000 and $269,000 for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are also included in income and fees on loans.
2.Taxable-equivalent adjustments totaling $108,000 and $98,000 for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included in tax-exempt interest on investment securities.




43


The following table presents the effect of net interest income for changes in the average outstanding volume amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the rates earned and paid on these assets and liabilities for the three month period ended March 31, 2023 compared to the three month period ended March 31, 2022.
Table 2 - Change in Interest Revenue and Expense on a Taxable Equivalent Basis
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in
(dollars in thousands)VolumeRateTotal
Interest-earning assets:
Loans, net of unearned fees$19,953 $(13,814)$6,139 
Investment securities, taxable(1,400)3,021 1,621 
Investment securities, tax-exempt63 15 78 
Deposits in banks and short term investments(155)456 301 
Total interest-earning assets (FTE)18,461(10,322)8,139 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-Bearing Demand and Savings Deposits(25)2,088 2,063 
Time Deposits657 1,680 2,337 
Federal funds purchased— 88 88 
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances1,906 (529)1,377 
Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility— — — 
Other Borrowed Money1,111 (223)888 
Total interest-bearing liabilities3,649 3,104 6,753 
Increase in net interest income (FTE)$14,812 $(13,426)$1,386 
Provision for LoanCredit Losses

The provision for loancredit losses is determined by management asbased on management's evaluation of probable, inherent losses in the amount to be added toloan portfolio and unfunded commitments and the corresponding analysis of the allowance for credit losses at quarter-end. Provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $900,000 compared to $50,000 for the same period in 2022, respectively. The amount of provision expense recorded in each period was the amount required such that the total allowance for credit losses reflected the appropriate balance, in the estimation of management, sufficient to cover expected credit losses over the expected life of a loan exposure and unfunded commitments where the likelihood is that funding will occur. The increase in provision for credit losses after net charge-offs have been deductedin the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to bring the allowancesame period in 2022 is largely due to a level which, in management’s best estimate, is necessary to absorb probable losses within the existing loan portfolio.growth the Bank experienced throughout 2022 and during the first quarter of 2023. The provision for loancredit losses totaled $335 thousandfor quarter ended March 31, 2023 includes $761,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $1.06 millioncredit losses on loans and $139,000 in the same period a year ago.credit losses on unfunded commitments. See the section captioned “Allowance“Loans and Allowance for LoanCredit Losses” elsewhere in this discussion for further analysis of the provision for loancredit losses.



44


Noninterest Income

The following table represents the major components of noninterest income were as follows:

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30

  

Nine Months Ended September 30

 
          

$

  

%

          

$

  

%

 
  

2017

  

2016

  

Variance

  

Variance

  

2017

  

2016

  

Variance

  

Variance

 
                                 

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts

 $1,169  $1,128  $41   3.63% $3,315  $3,185  $130   4.08%

Other Charges, Commissions and Fees

  741   686   55   8.02   2,300   2,104   196   9.32 

Mortgage Fee Income

  241   254   (13)  (5.12)  629   507   122   24.06 

Securities Gains (Losses)

  -   256   (256)  (100.00)  -   385   (385)  (100.00)

Other

  273   313   (40)  (12.78)  974   980   (6)  (0.61)
                                 

Total

 $2,424  $2,637  $(213)  (8.08)% $7,218  $7,161  $57   0.80%

Other Charges, Commissions and Fees. Debit card interchange fees and foreign fees increased $171 thousand in 2017for the periods indicated.
Table 3 - Noninterest Income
Three Months Ended March 31,Change
(dollars in thousands)20232022AmountPercent
Service charges on deposits$1,914 $1,825 $89 4.9 %
Mortgage fee income1,183 2,912 (1,729)(59.4)
Gain on sales of SBA loans1,057 1,726 (669)(38.8)
(Loss)/gain on sales of securities— 24 (24)100.0 
Interchange fee2,068 2,000 68 3.4 
BOLI income331 312 19 6.1 
Other noninterest income1,106 353 753 213.3 
Total noninterest income$7,659 $9,152 $(1,493)(16.31)%

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, noninterest income decreased $1.5 million compared to the same period in 2016.2022. The Company also received a refundprimary reason for the three month decrease was due to decreases in both mortgage fee income and gains on credit life insurance in 2017sales of $27 thousand.

Mortgage Fee Income. The volume of mortgageSBA loans, has shownpartially offset by an increase in 2017other noninterest income.

Service charges on deposit accounts. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, services charges on deposits was $1.9 million compared to $1.8 million for the same period ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $89,000, or 4.9%. This increase in service charges on deposits can be attributed to the Company's strong retail banking center footprint and our ability to continue to grow core deposits.
Mortgage Fee Income. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, mortgage fee income was $1.2 million compared to $2.9 million for the same period ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $1.7 million, or 59.4%. This decrease in mortgage fee income was a result of rising interest rates which has caused a slowdown in the demand for mortgage products and thus a decrease in mortgage fee income.
Gain on Sales of SBA loans. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net realized gains on the sale of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans totaled $1.1 million compared to $1.7 million for the same period ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $669,000, or 38.8%. This decrease is related to the shift in the Company's production towards adjustable rate portfolio products which caused a decrease in our secondary market production and in turn a decrease in the gain on sales of SBA loans.
Interchange Fees. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, interchange fee income was $2.1 million compared to $2.0 million for the same period ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $68,000, or 3.4%. This slight increase in interchange fees is a result of continued customer use of our MasterCard and Discover card programs.
Other noninterest income. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, other noninterest income was $1.1 million compared to $353,000 for the same period ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $753,000, or 213.3%. The increase in other income was primarily attributable to equity investment market valuation gains in the first quarter of 2023 compared to market valuation losses in the first quarter of 2022 along with increases in SBA servicing and other related fee income. Also, increases were noted in insurance commissions and income from the wealth advisor division.

45


Noninterest Expense
The following table represents the major components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated.
Table 4 - Noninterest Expense
Three Months Ended March 31,Change
(dollars in thousands)20232022AmountPercent
Salaries and employee benefits$12,609 $13,272 $(663)(5.0)%
Occupancy and equipment1,622 1,619 0.2 
Information technology expenses2,180 2,354 (174)(7.4)
Professional fees715 869 (154)(17.7)
Advertising and public relations993 766 227 29.6 
Communications294 437 (143)(32.7)
Other noninterest expense2,752 2,488 264 10.6 
Total noninterest expense$21,165 $21,805 $(640)(2.9)%
Noninterest expense decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2023 by $640,000 compared to the same period in 20162022. Decreases were seen in salaries and employee benefits, information technology expenses, professional fees and communications, which contributed to the increasewere offset by increases in mortgage fee income.

Securities Gains (Losses). The Bank did not sale any securities in 2017; therefore the decrease is attributable to the gain on sale of securities in the prior year.

Noninterest Expense

  

Three Months Ended September 30

  

Nine Months Ended September 30

 
          

$

  

%

          

$

  

%

 
  

2017

  

2016

  

Variance

  

Variance

  

2017

  

2016

  

Variance

  

Variance

 
                                 

Salaries and Employee Benefits

 $4,802  $4,726  $76   1.61% $14,467  $13,825  $642   4.64%

Occupancy and Equipment

  1,014   1,025   (11)  (1.07)  2,965   2,967   (2)  (0.07)

Other

  2,564   2,903   (339)  (11.68)  7,976   8,451   (475)  (5.62)
                                 

Total

 $8,380  $8,654  $(274)  (3.17)% $25,408  $25,243  $165   0.65%

The components of noninterest expense were as follows:

advertising and public relations and other noninterest expenses.

Salaries and Employee Benefits. employee benefits. Salaries and employee benefits for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $12.6 million compared to $13.3 million for the same period ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $663,000, or 5.0%. The increase in 2017decrease is primarily attributable to merit pay increases.

Occupancydecreases in employee benefits such as group insurance and Equipment. The change in 2017commissions which is relatively flatpartially offset by salary compensation expense.

Information technology expenses. Information technology expense for occupancy and equipment.

Other. The decrease in 2017 asthe three months ended March 31, 2023 was $2.2 million compared to 2016 is primarily attributable$2.4 million for the same period ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $174,000, or 7.4%. These decreases relate to the decrease in FDIC assessments by $336 thousand in 2017, a decrease in advertisingdata processing expenses due to a renewed contract with the Company's core processor resulting in cost savings which is partially offset by $206 thousand in 2017, andincreased software expenses.

Professional fees. Professional fees for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $715,000 compared to $869,000 for the same period ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $154,000 , or 17.7%. This decrease is the result of lower consulting fees in foreclosed propertythe first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022 which included fees associated with the acquisition of SouthCrest Financial Group, Inc.
Advertising and public relations. Advertising and public relations expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $993,000 compared to $766,000 for the same period ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $227,000, or 29.6%. This increase is the result of a donation to the Georgia Scholarship Program during the first quarter of 2023.
Communications. Communications expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $294,000 compared to $437,000 for the same period ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $143,000, or 32.7%. This decrease is the result of telephone service related to the acquisition of SouthCrest Financial Group, Inc. that was paid through the end of the contract in June 2022.
Other noninterest expenses. Other noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $2.8 million compared to $2.5 million for the same period ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $264,000, or 10.6%. These increases relate primarily to increased SBA broker fees, other loan related costs and city and county taxes.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $1.1 million compared to $1.2 million for the same period in 2022. The Company’s effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were 18.2% and 17.9%, respectively. The largest driver of the difference is the tax exempt income primarily from BOLI and tax exempt

46


interest along with the favorable tax impact of the donation made to the Georgia Scholarship Program during the first quarter of 2023
.Balance Sheet Review
Total assets increased to $3.0 billion at March 31, 2023 from $2.9 billion at December 31, 2022.

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
At March 31, 2023, gross loans outstanding (excluding loans held for sale) were $1.8 billion, an increase of $62.7 million, or 3.6%, compared to $1.7 billion at December 31, 2022.
At March 31, 2023, approximately 68.7% of our loans are secured by $129 thousandcommercial real estate. While we have seen significant growth in 2017. Thethe commercial real estate portfolio over the past several months, we have now shifted our focus away from commercial real estate lending for 2023. We are starting to see our loan pipelines decrease was offset by $248 thousandas we continue to increase in ATM expense, $85 thousand increase in software expenseloan pricing and $117 thousand increase in legal & professional fees.

maintain tightened credit standards.

PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Loans

The following table presents a summary of the loan portfolio as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Table 5 - Loans Outstanding
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Construction, land and land development$249,720 $229,435 
Other commercial real estate985,627 975,447 
Total commercial real estate1,235,347 1,204,882 
Residential real estate316,415 290,054 
Commercial, financial, & agricultural225,269 223,923 
Consumer and other22,822 18,247 
Total loans$1,799,853 $1,737,106 
As a percentage of total loans:
Construction, land and land development13.9 %13.2 %
Other commercial real estate54.8 %56.2 %
Total commercial real estate68.7 %69.4 %
Residential real estate17.6 %16.7 %
Commercial, financial & agricultural12.5 %12.9 %
Consumer and other1.2 %1.1 %
Total loans100 %100 %

The Company's risk mitigation processes include an independent loan review designed to evaluate the credit risk in the loan portfolio and to ensure credit grade accuracy. The analysis serves as a tool to assist management in assessing the overall credit quality of the loan portfolio and the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. Loans classified as "substandard" are loans which are inadequately protected by the current credit worthiness and paying capacity of the borrower and/or the collateral pledged. These assets exhibit well-defined weaknesses or are showing signs there is a distinct possibility the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These weaknesses may be characterized by past due performance, operating losses and/or questionable collateral values. Loans classified as "doubtful" are those loans that have characteristics similar to substandard loans but have an increased risk of loss. Loans classified as "loss" are those loans which are considered uncollectible and are in the process of being charged off.
The Company regularly monitors the composition of the loan portfolio as part of its evaluation over the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. The Company’s focuses on the following loan categories: (1) construction, land & land

47


development; (2) commercial, financial & agricultural; (3) other commercial real estate; (4) residential real estate; and (5) consumer and other.
The allowance for credit losses for loans is a reserve established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. The provision for credit losses for loans is based on management’s evaluation of the size and composition of the loan portfolio, the level of non-performing and past-due loans, historical trends of charged off loans and recoveries, prevailing economic conditions and other factors management deems appropriate. The Company’s management has established an allowance for credit losses for loans which it believes is adequate to cover expected credit losses over the expected life of a loan exposure and unfunded commitments where the likelihood is that funding will occur. Based on a credit evaluation of the loan portfolio, management presents a quarterly review of the allowance for credit losses for loans and allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments to the Company’s Board of Directors, which primarily focuses on risk by evaluating individual loans in certain risk categories. These categories have also been established by management and take the form of loan grades. By grading the loan portfolio in this manner the Company’s management is able to effectively evaluate the portfolio by risk, which management believes is the most effective way to analyze the loan portfolio and thus analyze the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on loans.
The allowance for credit losses on loans is established by examining (1) the large classified loans, nonaccrual loans and loans considered impaired and evaluating them individually to determine the specific reserve allocation and (2) the remainder of the loan portfolio to allocate a portion of the allowance based on past loss experience and the economic conditions for the particular loan category. The Company also considers other factors such as changes in lending policies and procedures; changes in national, regional and/or local economic and business conditions; changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio; changes in the experience, ability and depth of either the market president or lending staff; changes in the volume and severity of past-due and classified loans; changes in the quality of the loan review system; and other factors management deems appropriate.
The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The ACL is calculated using the same aggregate reserve rates calculated for the funded portion of loans at the portfolio level applied to the amount of commitments expected to fund.
The allowance for credit losses on loans was $16.6 million at March 31, 2023 compared to $12.9 million at March 31, 2022, an increase of $3.7 million, or 28.5%. The allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of loans was 0.92% and 0.95% at March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The provision for credit losses on loans was $761,000 compared to $50,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. The provision for credit losses for quarter ended March 31, 2023 includes $761,000 in credit losses on loans and $139,000 in credit losses on unfunded commitments. The amount of provision expense recorded in each period was the amount required such that the total allowance for credit losses reflected the appropriate balance, in the estimation of management, that was sufficient to cover expected credit losses on loans over the expected life of a loan exposure and unfunded commitments where the likelihood is that funding will occur. The primary reason for the increase in allowance to loans as a percentage for loans and provision is primarily due to the Bank's loan growth.
Additional information about the Company’s allowance for credit losses is provided in Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2023, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The following table presents an analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:
Table 6 - Analysis of Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)Reserve%*Reserve%*
Construction, land and land development$2,342 13.9 %$1,339 12.6 %
Other commercial real estate8,122 54.8 %7,355 59.3 %
Residential real estate4,112 17.6 %1,811 15.4 %
Commercial, financial, & agricultural1,657 12.5 %2,087 11.5 %
Consumer and other366 1.2 %327 1.3 %
$16,599 100 %$12,919 100 %
*Percentage represents the loan balance in each category expressed as a percentage of total end of period loans.

48


The following table presents a summary of allowance for credit loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Table 7 - Summary of Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
Allowance for credit losses on loans - beginning balance$16,128 $12,910 
Adoption of ASU 2016-13(53)— 
Charge-offs:
Construction, land and land development— — 
Other commercial real estate— 58 
Residential real estate— 18 
Commercial, financial, & agricultural273 16 
Consumer and other16 
Total loans charged-off276 108 
Recoveries:
Construction, land and land development
Other commercial real estate14 
Residential real estate11 
Commercial, financial, & agricultural44 
Consumer and other
Total recoveries39 67 
Net (recoveries)/charge-offs237 41 
Provision for credit losses on loans761 50 
Allowance for credit losses on loans- ending balance$16,599 $12,919 
Net (recoveries)/charge-offs to average loans (annualized)0.05 %0.01 %
Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans0.92 0.95 
Allowance to nonperforming loans231.67 209.35 
Management believes the allowance for credit losses for loans is adequate to provide for losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of September 30, 2017 and DecemberMarch 31, 2016:

  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

  

$ Variance

  

% Variance

 
                 

Commercial and Agricultural

                

Commercial

 $45,363  $47,025  $(1,662)  (3.53)%

Agricultural

  25,246   17,080   8,166   47.81 

Real Estate

                

Commercial Construction

  36,533   30,358   6,175   20.34 

Residential Construction

  8,905   11,830   (2,925)  (24.73)

Commercial

  346,251   349,090   (2,839)  (0.81)

Residential

  196,332   195,580   752   0.38 

Farmland

  71,903   66,877   5,026   7.52 

Consumer and Other

                

Consumer

  18,677   19,695   (1,018)  (5.17)

Other

  20,836   16,748   4,088   24.41 

Gross Loans

  770,046   754,283   15,763   2.09 

Unearned Interest and Fees

  (430)  (361)  (69)  (19.11)

Allowance for Loan Losses

  (7,977)  (8,923)  946   10.60 

Net Loans

 $761,639  $744,999  $16,640   2.23%

Loan Origination/Risk Management. In accordance with2023.


49


Nonperforming Assets
Asset quality experienced a slight decrease during the Company’s decentralized banking model, loan decisions are made at the Bank level. The Company utilizes both an Executive Loan Committee and a Director Loan Committee to assist lenders with the decision making and underwriting processfirst three months of larger loan requests. Due to the diverse economic markets served by the Company, evaluation and underwriting criteria may vary slightly by market. Overall, loans are extended after a review of the borrower’s repayment ability, collateral adequacy, and overall credit worthiness.

Commercial purpose, commercial real estate, and agricultural loans are underwritten similarly to how other loans are underwritten throughout the Company. The properties securing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio are diverse in terms of type and geographic location. In addition, the Company restricts total loans to $10 million per borrower, subject to exception and approval by the Director Loan Committee. This diversity helps reduce the Company’s exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single market or industry. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans monthly based on collateral, geography, and risk grade criteria. The Company also utilizes information provided by third-party agencies to provide additional insight and guidance about economic conditions and trends affecting the markets it serves.

The Company extends loans to builders and developers that are secured by non-owner occupied properties. In such cases, the Company reviews the overall economic conditions and trends for each market to determine the desirability of loans to be extended for residential construction and development. Sources of repayment for these types of loans may be pre-committed permanent loans from approved long-term lenders, sales of developed property or an interim mini-perm loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. In some cases, loans are extended for residential loan construction for speculative purposes and are based on the perceived present and future demand for housing in a particular market served by the Company. These loans are monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risks than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, general economic conditions and trends, the demand for the properties, and the availability of long-term financing.

The Company originates consumer loans at the Bank level. Due to the diverse economic markets served by the Company, underwriting criteria may vary slightly by market. The Company is committed to serving the borrowing needs of all markets served and, in some cases, adjusts certain evaluation methods to meet the overall credit demographics of each market. Consumer loans represent relatively small loan amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers to help minimize risk. Additionally, consumer trends and outlook reports are reviewed by management on a regular basis.

The Company utilizes an independent third party company for loan review and validation of the credit risk program on an ongoing quarterly basis. Results of these reviews are presented to management and the audit committee. The loan review process complements and reinforces the risk identification and assessment decisions made by lenders and credit personnel, as well as the Company’s policies and procedures.


PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Commercial and Agricultural. Commercial and agricultural loans at September 30, 2017 increased 10.15 percent to $70.61 million from December 31, 2016 at $64.1 million. The Company’s commercial and agricultural loans are a diverse group of loans to small, medium and large businesses. The purpose of these loans varies from supporting seasonal working capital needs to term financing of equipment. While some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis, most are secured by the assets being financed with collateral margins that are consistent with the Company’s loan policy guidelines.

Real Estate.  Commercial and residential construction loans increased by $3.25 million, or 7.70 percent, at September 30, 2017 to $45.44 million from $42.2 million at December 31, 2016.  Commercial real estate decreased $2.84 million, or 0.81 percent, at September 30, 2017 to $346.25 million from $349.09 million at December 31, 2016.

Other.Other loans at September 30, 2017 increased 24.41 percent to $20.84 million from $16.75 million at December 31, 2016.

Collateral Concentrations. Concentrations of credit risk can exist in relation to individual borrowers or groups of borrowers, certain types of collateral, certain types of industries, or certain geographic regions. The Company has a concentration in real estate loans as well as a geographic concentration that could pose an adverse credit risk, particularly with the current economic downturn in the real estate market. At September 30, 2017, approximately 86 percent of the Company’s loan portfolio was concentrated in loans secured by real estate. A substantial portion of borrowers’ ability to honor their contractual obligations is dependent upon the viability of the real estate economic sector. In addition, a large portion of the Company’s foreclosed assets are also located in these same geographic markets, making the recovery of the carrying amount of foreclosed assets susceptible to changes in market conditions. Management continues to monitor these concentrations and has considered these concentrations in its allowance for loan loss analysis. Though the real estate market remains somewhat sluggish, we have seen real estate values stabilize. The stabilization of rates has resulted in a decrease in the number of loans being classified as impaired over the past several years.


PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Nonperforming Assets and Potential Problem Loans

Nonperforming assets and accruing past due loans as of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016 were as follows:

  

September 30, 2017

  

December 31, 2016

  

September 30, 2016

 
             

Loans Accounted for on Nonaccrual

 $8,807  $12,350  $13,986 

Loans Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More

  -   -   1 

Other Real Estate Foreclosed

  4,520   6,439   9,812 

Total Nonperforming Assets

 $13,327  $18,789  $23,799 
             

Nonperforming Assets by Segment

            

Construction and Land Development

 $2,907  $3,376  $4,352 

1-4 Family Residential

  3,542   4,375   4,442 

Nonfarm Residential

  4,885   9,182   12,917 

Farmland

  839   800   919 

Commercial and Consumer

  1,154   1,056   1,169 

Total Nonperforming Assets

 $13,327  $18,789  $23,799 
             

Nonperforming Assets as a Percentage of:

            

Total Loans and Foreclosed Assets

  1.72%  2.47%  3.03%

Total Assets

  1.11%  1.55%  2.06%

Nonperforming Loans as a Percentage of:

            

Total Loans

  1.14%  1.64%  1.80%
             

Supplemental Data:

            

Trouble Debt Restructured Loans In Compliance with Modified Terms

 $16,952  $17,992  $19,269 

Trouble Debt Restructured Loans Past Due 30-89 Days

  132   319   324 

Accruing Past Due Loans:

            

30-89 Days Past Due

 $5,250  $4,469  $4,175 

90 or More Days Past Due

  -   -   1 

Total Accruing Past Due Loans

 $5,250  $4,469  $4,176 
             

Allowance for Loan Losses

 $7,977  $8,923  $9,203 

ALLL as a Percentage of:

            

Total Loans

  1.04%  1.18%  1.19%

Nonperforming Loans

  90.58%  72.25%  65.80%

2023. Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more, repossessed personal property and foreclosedother real estate. Nonperforming assetsestate owned ("OREO"). Nonaccrual loans totaled $7.2 million at September 30, 2017 decreased 29.07 percentMarch 31, 2023, an increase of $1.5 million, or 25.6%, from $5.7 million at December 31, 2016.

2022. There were no loans contractually past due 90 days or more and still accruing or any repossessed personal property for either period presented. OREO totaled $651,000 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, total nonperforming assets as a percent of total assets increased to 0.26% compared with 0.22% at December 31, 2022.

Generally, loans are placed on non-accrual status if principal or interest payments become 90 days past due and/or management deems the collectability of the principal and/or interest to be in question, as well as when required by regulatory requirements. Loans to a customer whose financial condition has deteriorated are considered for non-accrual status whether or not the loan is 90 days or more past due. For consumer loans, collectability and loss are generally determined before the loan reaches 90 days past due. Accordingly, losses on consumer loans are recorded at the time they are determined. Consumer loans that are 90 days or more past due are generally either in liquidation/payment status or bankruptcy awaiting confirmation of a plan. Once interest accruals are discontinued, accrued but uncollected interest is charged to current year operations. Subsequent receiptsloan payments made on nonaccrual loans are recorded as a reduction of principal, and interest income is recorded only after principal recovery is reasonably assured. Classification of a loan as nonaccrual does not preclude the ultimate collection of loan principal or interest.

Troubled debt restructured loans are loans on which, due to deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition, the original terms have been modified in favor of the borrower or either principal or interest has been forgiven.


PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Foreclosed assets represent property acquired as the result of borrower defaults on loans. Foreclosed assets areis initially recorded at estimated fair valuevalue, less estimated selling costs to sell. If the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, at the time of foreclosure. Write-downs occurring at foreclosure areis less than the loan balance, the deficiency is charged against the allowance for loan losses. On an ongoing basis, properties are appraised as required by market indications and applicable regulations. Write-downs are provided for subsequent declines in value and are included in other non-interest expense along with other expenses related to maintainingcredit losses on loans. If the properties.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses that have been incurred within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses includes allowance allocations calculated in accordance with current U.S. accounting standards. The levellesser of the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of industry concentrations, specific credit risks, loan loss experience, current loan portfolio quality, present economic, political and regulatory conditions and unidentified losses inherent infair value, less estimated costs to sell, or the current loan portfolio. Portionslisted selling price, less the costs to sell, of the allowance may be allocated for specific credits; however,foreclosed property decreases during the entireholding period, a valuation allowance is availableestablished with a charge to foreclosed property expense. When the foreclosed property is sold, a gain or loss is recognized on the sale for any credit that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. While management utilizes its best judgmentthe difference between the sales proceeds and information available, the ultimate adequacycarrying amount of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond the Company’s control, including the performance of the Company’s loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest ratesproperty.

Nonperforming assets at March 31, 2023 and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications.

December 31, 2022 were as follows:
Table 8 - Nonperforming Assets
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Nonaccrual loans$7,165 $5,706 
Loans past due 90 days and accruing— — 
Other real estate owned651 651 
Repossessed assets— — 
Total nonperforming assets$7,816 $6,357 
Nonaccrual loans by loan segment
Construction, land and land development$124 $149 
Commercial real estate1,541 1,509 
Residential real estate2,953 2,686 
Commercial, financial & agricultural2,530 1,341 
Consumer & other17 21 
Total nonaccrual loans$7,165 $5,706 
NPAs as a percentage of total loans and OREO0.43 %0.37 %
NPAs as a percentages of total assets0.26 %0.22 %
Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of total loans0.40 %0.33 %

The Company’s allowance for loan losses consists of specific valuation allowances established for probable losses on specific had no loans and historical valuation allowances for other loans with similar risk characteristics. The allowances established for probable losses on specific loans are the result of management’s quarterly review of substandard loans with an outstanding balance of $250,000 or more. This review process usually involves regional credit officers along with local lending officers reviewing the loans for impairment. Specific valuation allowances are determined after considering the borrower’smodified due to financial condition, collateral deficiencies, and economic conditions affecting the borrower’s industry, among other things. In the case of collateral dependent loans, collateral shortfall is most often based upon local market real estate value estimates. This review process is performed at the subsidiary bank level and is reviewed at the parent Company level.

Once the loan becomes impaired, it is removed from the pool of loans covered by the general reserve and reviewed individually for exposure as described above. In cases where the individual review reveals no exposure, no reserve is recorded for that loan, either through an individual reserve or through a general reserve. If, however, the individual review of the loan does indicate some exposure, management often charges off this exposure, rather than recording a specific reserve. In these instances, a loan which becomes nonperforming could actually reduce the allowance for loan losses. Those loans deemed uncollectible are transferred to our problem loan department for workout, foreclosure and/or liquidation. The problem loan department obtains a current appraisal on the property in order to record the fair market value (less selling expenses) when the property is foreclosed on and moved into other real estate.

The allowances established for the remainder of the loan portfolio are based on historical loss factors, adjusted for certain qualitative factors, which are applied to groups of loans with similar risk characteristics. Loans are segregated into fifteen separate groups based on call codes. Most of the Company’s charge-offsdifficulty during the past two years have been real estate dependent loans. The historical loss ratios applied to these groups of loans are updated quarterly basedthree months ended March 31, 2023. See Note 3 - Loans, for additional details on actual charge-off experience. The historical loss ratios are further adjusted by qualitative factors.

Management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for each of these components on a quarterly basis. Peer comparisons, industry comparisons,loan modifications.







50


Deposits
Deposits at March 31, 2023 and regulatory guidelines are also used in the determination of the general valuation allowance. Loans identifiedDecember 31, 2022 were as losses by management, internal loan review, and/or bank examiners are charged off. Additional information about the Company’s allowance for loan losses is provided in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for Allowance for Loan Losses.

follows:
Table 9 - Deposits
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Noninterest-bearing deposits$537,928 $569,170 
Interest-bearing deposits764,070 831,152 
Savings612,397 617,135 
Time, $250,000 and over152,914 114,780 
Other time448,820 358,760 
Total deposits$2,516,129 $2,490,997 

PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Deposits

The following table presents the average amount outstanding and the average rate paid on deposits by the Company for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016.

  

September 30, 2017

  

September 30, 2016

 
  

Average

  

Average

  

Average

  

Average

 
  

Amount

  

Rate (1)

  

Amount

  

Rate (1)

 
                 

Noninterest-Bearing Demand

                

Deposits

 $154,723      $137,230     

Interest-Bearing Demand and

                

Savings Deposits

  515,412   0.36%  463,115   0.36%

Time Deposits

  357,075   0.80%  388,137   0.80%
                 

Total Deposits

 $1,027,210   0.46% $988,482   0.48%

 (1) Average rate is an annualized rate.

AverageTotal deposits increased $38.73$25.1 million to $1.03$2.52 billion at September 30, 2017March 31, 2023 from $988.48 million$2.49 billion at September 30, 2016. The increase included an increaseDecember 31, 2022. As of $17.49 million, or 12.75 percent in noninterest-bearing demand deposits while, at the same time, interest-bearing demand and savings deposits increased $52.30 million, or 11.29 percent and time deposits decreased $31.06 million, or 8.00 percent. Accordingly the ratio of average noninterest-bearing deposits to total average deposits was 15.06 percent for nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 13.88 percent for nine months ended September 30, 2016. This deposit mix had the effect of decreasing the average costMarch 31, 2023, 21.4% of total deposits by 2 basis points in nine months ended September 30, 2017were comprised of noninterest-bearing accounts and 78.6% were comprised of interest-bearing deposit accounts, compared to 22.8% and 77.2% as of December 31, 2022, respectively. The increase in our deposits is due primarily to the same periodincrease in rates the Company offers on its deposit products coupled with the Company's diversified core deposit base and long customer relationships. While the market is experiencing repricing of deposits, we have not seen any significant outflows. An increase in brokered deposits used to fund loan growth has also contributed to the overall increase in deposits.

We had $87.3 million and $50.8 million in brokered deposits at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. We use brokered deposits, subject to certain limitations and requirements, as a year ago.

Off-Balance-Sheetsource of funding to support our asset growth and augment the deposits generated from our branch network, which are our principal source of funding. Our level of brokered deposits varies from time to time depending on competitive interest rate conditions and other factors, and tends to increase as a percentage of total deposits when the brokered deposits are less costly than issuing internet certificates of deposit or borrowing from the FHLB.

The Company's estimated uninsured deposits were $790.7 million at March 31, 2023, or 30.96% of total Bank deposits compared to $882.2 million at December 31, 2022, or 34.85% of total Bank deposits. Adjusted uninsured deposit estimate (which excludes deposits collateralized by public funds and internal accounts) were $444.6 million at March 31, 2023, or 17.41% of total Bank deposits compared to $531.7 million at December 31, 2022, or 21.01% of total Bank deposits. Adjusted uninsured deposits represent a small percentage of our overall deposits, which increases the stability of our deposit base and lowers our overall funding risk.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Commitments, Guarantees

In

The Company is a party to credit related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the ordinarynormal course of business to meet the Company enters into off-balance sheetfinancing needs of its customers. These financial instruments which are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. These instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit performanceand commercial letters of credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit guarantees and liability for assets heldinterest rate risk in trust. Such financial instruments are recordedexcess of the amount recognized in the financial statements when funds are disbursed or the instruments become payable and the contract or notional amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement andconsolidated balance sheets.
The Company’s exposure to credit loss that we have inis represented by the contractual amount of these particular classes of financial instruments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer provided that the terms established in the contract are met. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates and may require the payment of fees. Since some commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan commitments to customers and similarly do not necessarily represent future cash obligations.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk were as follows:

  

Contract Amount

 
  September 30, 2017  

December 31, 2016

 
         

Loan Commitments

 $91,744  $71,359 

Letters of Credit

  1,566   1,551 

commitments. The Company usesfollows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for these off-balanceon-balance sheet financial instruments as they do for instruments that are recorded in the consolidated financial statements. We evaluateinstruments. The Company evaluates each customer’scustomer’s creditworthiness at a local bank level on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower. CollateralThe type of collateral held varies, but may include cash or cash equivalents, negotiable instruments,unimproved or improved real estate, accounts receivable, inventory, oil, gaspersonal property or other acceptable collateral.

See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2023, included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, for a table setting forth the financial instruments that were outstanding whose contract amounts represent credit risk and mineral interests, property, plant,more information regarding our off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2023 and equipment.

December 31, 2022.
Liquidity

PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Loan Commitments. The Company enters into contractual commitments to extend credit, normally with fixed expiration dates or termination clauses, at specified rates and for specific purposes. Substantially allAn important part of the Company’s commitments to extend credit are contingent upon customers maintaining specific credit standards atBank's liquidity resides in the time of loan funding. The Company minimizes its exposure to loss under these commitments by subjecting them to credit approval and monitoring procedures. Management assesses the credit risk associated with certain commitments to extend credit in determining the levelasset portion of the allowancebalance sheet, which provides liquidity primarily through loan interest and principal repayments and the maturities and sales of securities, as well as the ability to use these assets as collateral for loan losses. Loan commitments outstanding at September 30, 2017borrowings on a secured basis.


51


The Bank's main source of liquidity is customer interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposit accounts. Liquidity is also available from wholesale funding sources consisting primarily of Federal funds purchased, FHLB advances and brokered deposits. These sources of liquidity are includedgenerally short-term in the table in Footnote 10 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Capitalnature and Liquidity

At September 30, 2017, stockholders’ equity totaled $91.60 million comparedare used as necessary to $93.39 million at December 31, 2016. In addition to net income of $7.17 million,fund asset growth and meet other significant changes in stockholders’ equity during nine months ended September 30, 2017 included $211 thousand of preferred stock dividends paid and $9.36 million redemption of preferred stock.short-term liquidity needs. The Company also had $633 thousand of common stock dividends paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) component of stockholders’ equity totaled $(3.78) thousand at September 30, 2017 compared to $(5.02) million at December 31, 2016. This fluctuation was mostly relatedhas access to the after-tax effectFRB Term Funding Program which offers loans to eligible depository institutions of changes in the fair value of securities available for sale. Regulatory agencies for banks and bank holding companies utilize capital guidelines designed to measure Tier 1 and total capital and take into consideration the risk inherent in both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet items.

Tier 1 capital consists of common stock and qualifying preferred stockholders’ equity and trust preferred securities less goodwill. Tier 2 capital consists of tier 1 capital and the allowance for loan losses up to 1.25 percent of risk-weighted assets. The Company has no Tier 2 capital other than the allowance for loan losses.

Using the capital requirements presentlyone year in effect, the Tier 1 ratio as of September 30, 2017 was 14.76 percent and total Tier 1 and 2 risk-based capital was 15.75 percent. Both of these measures compare favorably with the regulatory minimum to be adequately capitalized of 6 percent for Tier 1 and 8 percent for total risk-based capital. The Company’s common equity Tier 1 ratio as of September 30, 2017 was 11.84, which exceeds the regulatory minimum of 4.50 percent. The Company’s Tier 1 leverage ratio as of September 30, 2017 was 9.91 percent, which exceeds the required ratio standard of 4 percent.

As of September 30, 2017, average capital was $90.76 million, representing 7.58 percent of average assets for the year. This compares to 8.67 percent for September 2016.

After suspending common stock dividend payments beginning in the third quarter of 2009 for capital retention purposes, the Company reinstated common stock dividends in the first quarter of 2017. The Company paid $0.025 per share of common stock in each of the first three quarters of 2017.

The Company declared dividends of $211 thousand and $1.19 million on preferred stock on September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Additional information is provided in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for Preferred Stock and Warrants.

The Company, primarily through the actions of the Bank, engages in liquidity management to ensure adequate cash flow for deposit withdrawals, credit commitments and repayments of borrowed funds. Needs are met through loan repayments, net interest and fee income and the sale or maturity of existing assets. In addition, liquidity is continuously provided through the acquisition of new deposits, the renewal of maturing deposits and external borrowings.

Management monitors deposit flow and evaluates alternate pricing structures to retain and grow deposits. To the extent needed to fund loan demand, traditional local deposit funding sources are supplemented by the use of FHLB borrowings, brokered deposits and other wholesale deposit sources outside the immediate market area. Internal policies have been updated to monitor the use of various core and non-core funding sources, and to balance ready access with risk and cost. Through various asset/liability management strategies, a balance is maintained among goals of liquidity, safety and earnings potential. Internal policies that are consistent with regulatory liquidity guidelines are monitored and enforced by the Bank.

The investment portfolio provides a ready means to raise cash if liquidity needs arise. As of September 30, 2017, the available for sale bond portfolio totaled $338.2 million. At December 31, 2016, the available for sale bond portfolio totaled $323.7 million. Only marketable investment grade bonds are purchased. Although a good portion of the banks’ bond portfolios are encumbered as pledges to secure various public funds deposits, repurchase agreements, and for other purposes, management can restructure and free up investment securities for a sale if required to meet liquidity needs.

length.

PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Management continually monitors the relationship of loans to deposits as it primarily determines the Company’s liquidity posture. The Company had ratios of loans to deposits of 75.5 percent as of September 30, 2017 and 72.2 percent at December 31, 2016. Management employs alternative funding sources when deposit balances will not meet loan demands. The ratios of loans to all funding sources (excluding Subordinated Debentures) at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were 71.5 percent and 69.2 percent, respectively.

Management continues to emphasize programs to generate local core deposits as our Company’s primary funding sources. The stability of the banks’ core deposit base is an important factor in Colony’s liquidity position. A heavy percentage of the deposit base is comprised of accounts of individuals and small businesses with comprehensive banking relationships and limited volatility. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had $34.2 million and $32.2 million in certificates of deposit of $250 or more. These larger deposits represented 3.4 percent and 3.1 percent of respective total deposits. Management seeks to monitor and control the use of these larger certificates, which tend to be more volatile in nature, to ensure an adequate supply of funds as needed. Relative interest costs to attract local core relationships are compared to market rates of interest on various external deposit sources to help minimize the Company’s overall cost of funds.

The Company supplemented deposit sources with brokered deposits. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had $49.6 million, or 4.86 percent of total deposits, in CDARS. Additional information is provided in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements regarding these brokered deposits. Additionally, the Company uses external deposit listing services to obtain out-of-market certificates of deposit at competitive interest rates when funding is needed. These deposits obtained from listing services are often referred to as wholesale or internet CDs. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had $13.65 million, or 1.34 percent of total deposits, in internet certificates of deposit obtained through deposit listing services.

To plan for contingent sources of funding not satisfied by both local and out-of-market deposit balances, the Company and the Bank have established multiple borrowing sources to augment their funds management. The Company has borrowing capacity through membership inof the Federal Home Loan BankFHLB program. The Bank has also established overnight borrowing for Federal Funds purchased through various correspondent banks. There were no outstanding balances of Federal Funds purchased at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $82.0 million and $80.7 million, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents has remained stable since year end 2022, with just a slight increase due to increases in deposits. Management believes the various funding sources discussed above are adequate to meet the Company’s liquidity needs in the future without any material adverse impact on our operating results.

Liquidity measures management involves the matching of cash flow requirements of customers and the ability of the Company to manage those requirements. These requirements of customers include, but are not limited to, deposits being withdrawn or providing assurance to borrowers that sufficient funds are available to meet their credit needs. We strive to maintain an adequate liquidity position by managing the balances and maturities of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities so that the balance we have in short-term assets at any given time will adequately cover any reasonably anticipated need for funds. Additionally, we maintain relationships with correspondent banks, which could provide funds on short notice, if needed. We have also invested in FHLB stock for the purpose of establishing credit lines with the FHLB. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $165.0 million and $125.0 million, respectively, of outstanding advances from the FHLB. Based on the values of loans pledged as collateral, we had $567.0 million and $574.7 million of additional borrowing availability with the FHLB at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Other sources of liquidity include overnight borrowings from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, as well as access to the FRB Term Funding Program, of $57.2 million and $100.0 million, respectively, of which there was no outstanding balance on either facility at March 31, 2023. The Company also had unencumbered securities of $463.1 million and $53.4 million in FRB Reserves as of March 31, 2023. Unencumbered investment securities provide the ability to meet current and future cash flow needseither be pledged as they become due. The liquidity of a financial institution reflects its ability to meet loan requests, to accommodate possible outflows in deposits and to take advantage of interest rate market opportunities. The ability of a financial institution to meet its current financial obligations is a function of balance sheet structure, the ability to liquidate assets, and the availability of alternativecollateral with borrowing sources of funds. The Company seeks to ensure its funding needs are met by maintaining a level of liquid funds through asset/liability management.

Asset liquidity is provided by liquid assets which are readily marketable or pledgeable or which will mature in the near future. Liquid assets include cash, interest-bearing deposits in banks, securities available for sale, federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements.

Liability liquidity is provided by accessconverted to funding sources which include core deposits. Should the need arise, the Company also maintains relationships with the Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Reserve Bank and three correspondent banks.

Since thecash.

The Company is a bank holding company and does not conduct operations, its primary sources of liquidity are dividends up streamedseparate entity from the Bank, and borrowings from outside sources.

as such it must provide for its own liquidity. The liquidity position of the Company is continuously monitoredresponsible for the payment of dividends declared for its common shareholders and adjustmentspayment of interest and principal on any outstanding debt or trust preferred securities. These obligations are mademet through internal capital resources such as service fees and dividends from the Bank, which are limited by applicable laws and regulations.


Capital Resources
The Bank is required under federal law to maintain certain minimum capital levels based on ratios of capital to total assets and capital to risk-weighted assets. The required capital ratios are minimums, and the federal banking agencies may determine that a banking organization, based on its size, complexity or risk profile, must maintain a higher level of capital in order to operate in a safe and sound manner. Risks such as concentration of credit risks and the risk arising from non-traditional activities, as well as the institution’s exposure to a decline in the economic value of its capital due to changes in interest rates, and an institution’s ability to manage those risks are important factors that are to be taken into account by the federal banking agencies in assessing an institution’s overall capital adequacy.
The table below summarizes the capital requirements applicable to the balance between sourcesBank in order to be considered “well-capitalized” from a regulatory perspective, as well as the Bank’s capital ratios as of March 31, 2023 and usesDecember 31, 2022. The Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements and was considered to be “well-capitalized” as of funds as deemed appropriate. Management is not aware of anyMarch 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There have been no conditions or events since March 31, 2023 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity, capital resources or operations. In addition, management is not aware of any regulatory recommendations regarding liquidity, which if implemented,believes would have a material adverse effect on the Company.

change


52

PART I (Continued)

Item 2 (continued)

Return on Assets and Stockholders Equity

The following table presents selected financial ratios for each of the periods indicated.

  

 Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30

  

September 30

 
  

2017

  

2016

  

2017

  

2016

 
                 

Return on Average Assets (1)

  0.88%  0.65%  0.78%  0.61%
                 

Return on Average Total Equity (1)

  11.57%  7.35%  10.23%  7.03%
                 

Average Total Equity to Average Assets

  7.58%  8.89%  7.58%  8.67%

(1) Computed using annualized net income available to common shareholders.




PART I (Continued)

Item 3

this classification.
Table 10 - Capital Ratio Requirements
Minimum RequirementWell-capitalized¹
Risk-based ratios:
Common equity tier 1 capital (CET1)4.5 %6.5 %
Tier 1 capital6.0 8.0 
Total capital8.0 10.0 
Leverage ratio4.0 5.0 
(1) The prompt corrective action provisions are only applicable at the bank level.
Table 11 - Capital Ratios
CompanyMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022
CET1 risk-based capital ratio11.01 %11.34 %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio12.14 12.49 
Total risk-based capital ratio14.80 15.11 
Leverage ratio8.90 9.17 
Colony Bank
CET1 risk-based capital ratio12.02 %12.22 %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio12.02 12.22 
Total risk-based capital ratio12.88 12.99 
Leverage ratio8.82 8.97 



53


ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest

The Company's primary market risk exposures are credit risk, interest rate risk, and to a lesser degree, liquidity risk. The Bank operates under an Asset Liability Management Policy which is approved by the changeALCO, which is a Board committee that meets regularly. The policy outlines limits on interest rate risk in value due toterms of changes in net interest rates. The Company is exposed only to U. S. dollar interest rate changesincome and accordingly, the Company manages exposure by considering the possible changes in the net interest margin. In order to reduce the exposure tomarket values of assets and liabilities over certain changes in interest rate fluctuations, we have implementedenvironments. These measurements are made through a simulation model which projects the impact of changes in interest rates on the Bank's assets and liabilities. The policy also outlines responsibility for monitoring interest rate risk and the process for the approval, implementation and monitoring of interest rate risk strategies to more closely matchachieve the Bank's interest rate risk objectives.
The following table presents our balance sheet composition. interest sensitivity position at the dates indicated.
Table 12 - Interest Sensitivity
Increase (Decrease) in Net Interest Income from Base Scenario at
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Changes in rates
200 basis point increase(0.99)%2.59%
100 basis point increase(0.41)1.37
100 basis point decrease1.35(0.61)
See Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” of the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional disclosures related to market and interest rate risk.
There have beenare no material changes in market risk fromduring the information providedperiod covered by this Report to Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” previously disclosed in the Company’s annual report onCompany's 2022 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

10-K.


ITEM 4 CONTROLSCONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company’s

Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer, havethe Company has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosureits disclosure controls and procedures” as (as such term is defined in RuleRules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).), as of the end of the period covered by this report, as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 of the Exchange Act. Based upon theiron such evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer has concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective for the purpose of ensuring that information the informationCompany is required to be discloseddisclose in the reports that the Companyit files or submits under the Exchange Act, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) (1)as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’sSEC's rules and forms and (2)that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’sCompany's senior management, including its principal executiveChief Executive Officer and principal financial officers,Acting Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In addition,
During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, there were no changechanges in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting occurred duringidentified in connection with the quarter ended September 30, 2017evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 of the Exchange Act that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.



54

PART



Part II

Item 6

– OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 6 1 EXHIBITS

3.1 ArticlesLEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of Incorporation, As Amended -filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2014 (File No. 0-12436), filed with the Commission on August 4, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.

3.2 Bylaws, as Amended -filed as Exhibit 3(b) to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10 (File No. 0-18486), filed with the Commission on April 25, 1990 and incorporated herein by reference.

3.3Article of Amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation Authorizing Additional Capital Stock in the Form of Ten Million Shares of Preferred Stock -filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-12436) filed with the Commission on January 13, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.

3.4Articles of Amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation Establishing the Terms of the Series A Preferred Stock -filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-12436) filed with the Commission on January 13, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.

3.5 Amendment to the Company’s Bylaws -filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s 8-K (File No.000-12436) , filed with the Commission on May 29, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.

4.1 Warrant to Purchase up to 500,000 shares of Common Stock -filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-12436), filed with the Commission on January 13, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.

4.2 Form of Series A Preferred Stock Certificate -filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-12436), filed with the Commission on January 13, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.1 Deferred Compensation Plan and Sample Director Agreement -filed as Exhibit 10(a) to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10 (File No. 0-18486), filed with the Commission on April 25, 1990 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.2 Profit-Sharing Plan Dated January 1, 1979 -filed as Exhibit 10(b) to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10 (File No. 0-18486), filed with the Commission on April 25, 1990 and incorporated herein by reference.


PART II (continued)

Item 6 (continued)

10.3 1999 Restricted Stock Grant Plan and Restricted Stock Grant Agreement -filed as Exhibit 10(c) the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-12436), filed with the Commission on March 30, 2001 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.4 2004 Restricted Stock Grant Plan and Restricted Stock Grant Agreement  - filed as Exhibit C to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on April 27, 2004, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 3, 2004 (File No. 000-12436) and incorporated herein by reference.

10.5 Lease Agreement – Mobile Home Tracts, LLC c/o Stafford Properties, Inc. and Colony Bank Worth - filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10Q (File No. 000-12436), filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on November 5, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.6 Letter Agreement, Dated January 9, 2009, Including Securities Purchase Agreement – Standard Terms Incorporated by Reference Therein, Betweenbusiness, there are various legal proceedings pending against the Company and the United States DepartmentBank. The aggregate liabilities, if any, arising from such proceedings would not, in the opinion of management, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position.


ITEM1A– RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in "Part I - Item IA - Risk Factors” of the Treasury- filed as Exhibit 10.1Company’s 2022 Form 10-K, which could materially affect its business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or future results. Please be aware that these risks may change over time and other risks may prove to be important in the future. New risks may emerge at any time, and we cannot predict such risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, or the trading price of our securities.
Other than the risk factor set forth below related to the Registrant’s Currentrecent negative developments in the banking industry, there are no material changes during the period covered by this Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-12436), filed with the Commission on January 13, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.7 Form of Waiver, Executed by Al D. Ross - filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Reportrisk factors previously disclosed in the Company's 2022 Form 10-K.

Recent negative developments in the banking industry could adversely affect our current and projected business operations and our financial condition and results of operations.

The recent bank failures and related negative media attention have generated significant market trading volatility among publicly traded bank holding companies and, in particular, regional banks like the Company. These developments have negatively impacted customer confidence in regional banks, which could prompt customers to maintain their deposits with larger financial institutions. Further, competition for deposits has increased in recent periods, and the cost of funding has similarly increased, putting pressure on Form 8-K (File No. 000-12436), filed withour net interest margin. If we were required to sell a portion of our securities portfolio to address liquidity needs, we may incur losses, including as a result of the Commissionnegative impact of rising interest rates on January 13, 2009the value of our securities portfolio, which could negatively affect our earnings and incorporated herein by reference.

10.8 Formour capital. If we were required to raise additional capital in the current environment, any such capital raise may be on unfavorable terms, thereby negatively impacting book value and profitability. While we have taken actions to improve our funding, there is no guarantee that such actions will be successful or sufficient in the event of Waiver, Executed by Terry L. Hester  - filed as Exhibit 10.2sudden liquidity needs.


We also anticipate increased regulatory scrutiny – in the course of routine examinations and otherwise – and new regulations directed towards banks of similar size to the Registrant’s Current ReportBank, designed to address the recent negative developments in the banking industry, all of which may increase the Company’s costs of doing business and reduce its profitability. Among other things, there may be an increased focus by both regulators and investors on Form 8-K (File No. 000-12436), fileddeposit composition, the level of uninsured deposits, losses embedded in the held-to-maturity portion of our securities portfolio, contingent liquidity, CRE composition and concentration, capital position and our general oversight and internal control structures regarding the foregoing. As primarily a commercial bank, the Bank has an elevated degree of uninsured deposits compared to larger national banks or smaller community banks with a stronger focus on retail deposits, and also maintains a robust CRE portfolio. As a result, the Commission on January 13, 2009Bank could face increased scrutiny or be viewed as higher risk by regulators and incorporated herein by reference.

10.9 Formthe investor community.













ITEM 2 – UNREGISTERED SALE OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(a) There were no unregistered shares of Waiver, Executed by Henry F. Brown, Jr. - filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-12436), filed withCompany’s common stock sold during the Commission on January 13, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.10 Form of Waiver, Executed by Walter F. Patten - filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-12436), filed with the Commission on January 13, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.11 Form of Waiver, Executed by Larry E. Stevenson - filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-12436), filed with the Commission on January 13, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.


PART II (continued)

Item 6 (continued)

10.12 Employment Agreement, Dated April 27, 2012 Between Edward P. Loomis, Jr. and Colony Bankcorp, Inc.  -filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-12436), filed with the Commission on May 3, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.

99.1 Retention Agreement  -filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s 10-Q for thethree-month period ended March 31, 2015 (File No. 000-12436), filed with2023.

(b) Not applicable.
(c) There were no purchases of the Commission on May 4, 2015 and incorporated hereinCompany's equity securities by reference.

99.2 Retention Agreement -filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s 10-Q forCompany or its affiliates during the three-month period ended June 30, 2016 (File No. 000-12436), filed with the Commission on August 2, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.

31.1 Certificate of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2 Certificate of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes March 31, 2023.


ITEM 3 Oxley Act of 2002

32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH XBRL Schema Document

101.CAL XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF XBRL Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB XBRL Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document

DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.

ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

ITEM 5 – OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6 – EXHIBITS
3.1
3.2
Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, As Amended, of Colony Bankcorp, Inc.-filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 0-12436), filed with the Commission on August 12, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.3
31
32
101
Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022; (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022; and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements*
104The cover page from Colony Bankcorp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (formatted in Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101)



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SIGNATURES



SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Colony Bankcorp, Inc.

/s/ T. Heath Fountain

Date:     May 10, 2023

/s/ Edward P. Loomis, Jr.

T. Heath Fountain

Date:     October 31, 2017  

Edward P. Loomis, Jr.

President/Director/Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Terry L. Hester

Date:     October 31, 2017  

Terry L. Hester
Executive Vice-President/Director/Officer/Acting Chief Financial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

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