This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections, concerning our business, operations, and financial performance and condition as well as our plans, objectives, and expectations for business operations and financial performance and condition. Any statements contained herein that are not of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. You can identify these statements by words such as “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “should,” “will,” “would,” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate and management’s beliefs and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance or development and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. As a result, any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report may turn out to be inaccurate. Factors that could materially affect our business operations and financial performance and condition include, but are not limited to, those risks and uncertainties described herein under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” and those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” You are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on information available to us as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report. Unless required by law, we do not intend to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future events or otherwise. You should, however, review the risk factors we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) after the date of this Quarterly Report.

This Quarterly Report also contains market data related to our business and industry. These market data include projections that are based on a number of assumptions. If these assumptions turn out to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. As a result, our markets may not grow at the rates projected by these data, or at all. The failure of these markets to grow at these projected rates may harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and the market price of our common stock.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

~~Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc.~~

~~Condensed~~~~Consolidated Statements of Operations~~

~~(unaudited)~~
~~(in millions, except share and per share amounts)~~

Three Months Ended
December 31,

Six Months Ended
December 31,

2017

2016

2017

2016

Revenue:

Royalty revenue
$ - $ 1.5 $ - $ 1.6
Non-cash royalty revenue related to the sale of future royalties
2.7 2.3 2.8 2.3
Total revenue
2.7 3.8 2.8 3.9

Operating expense:

Research and development
2.5 10.2 5.3 17.8
General and administrative
3.1 2.1 5.4 4.3
Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net
- 0.1 - -
Total operating expense
5.6 12.4 10.7 22.1
Loss from operations
(2.9
)
(8.6
)
(7.9
)
(18.2
)
Other (expense) income:

Non-cash interest expense on liability related to sale of future royalties
(0.4
)
(0.5
)
(0.8
)
(0.9
)
Interest income
- 0.1 0.1 0.1
Total other (expense) income
(0.4
)
(0.4
)
(0.7
)
(0.8
)

Loss before tax
(3.3
)
(9.0
)
(8.6
)
(19.0
)
Income tax expense
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Net loss
$ (3.4
)
$ (9.1
)
$ (8.7
)
$ (19.1
)

Basic and diluted net loss per share
$ (0.09
)
$ (0.24
)
$ (0.23
)
$ (0.49
)

Basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding
38,649,237 38,640,487 38,649,237 38,640,487

~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc.~~

~~Condensed~~VAXART, INC.~~Consolidated~~~~Statement of Stockholders’ Equity~~
~~(unaudited)~~
~~(in millions, except for share amounts)~~

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Common Stock

Accumulated

Shares

Amount

Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Accumulated
Deficit

Other
Comprehensive
Income

Total
Stockholders’
Equity

Balances at June 30, 2017
38,649,237 $ 3.9 $ 159.6 $ (163.8
)
$ 19.0 $ 18.7
Net loss
- - - (8.7
)
- (8.7
)
Share-based compensation
- - 0.8 - - 0.8
Balances at December 31, 2017
38,649,237 $ 3.9 $ 160.4 $ (172.5
)
$ 19.0 $ 10.8

	*Three Months Ended September 30,*						*Nine Months Ended September 30,*
	*2023*			*2022*			*2023*			*2022*
Revenue:
Non-cash royalty revenue related to sale of future royalties	$	446		$	—		$	754		$	85
Grant revenue		1,655			—			3,380			—

Total revenue		2,101			—			4,134			85

Operating expenses:
Research and development		15,002			22,466			53,437			60,595
General and administrative		4,921			6,960			17,144			22,939

Total operating expenses		19,923			29,426			70,581			83,534

Operating loss		(17,822	)		(29,426	)		(66,447	)		(83,449	)

Other income (expense):
Interest income		723			458			2,076			650
Non-cash interest expense related to sale of future royalties		(207	)		(325	)		(573	)		(988	)
Other expense, net		(55	)		—			(59	)		(2	)

Loss before income taxes		(17,361	)		(29,293	)		(65,003	)		(83,789	)

Provision for income taxes		39			16			87			51

Net loss	$	(17,400	)	$	(29,309	)	$	(65,090	)	$	(83,840	)

Net loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.45	)	$	(0.66	)

Shares used to compute net loss per share - basic and diluted		152,026,112			126,889,718			145,810,175			126,374,424

Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(17,400	)	$	(29,309	)	$	(65,090	)	$	(83,840	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax		13			(109	)		288			(444	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(17,387	)	$	(29,418	)	$	(64,802	)	$	(84,284	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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~~Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc.~~

~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows~~VAXART, INC.

~~(unaudited)~~
~~(in millions)~~

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Six Months Ended
December 31,

2017

2016

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net loss
$ (8.7
)
$ (19.1
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

Share-based compensation
0.8 0.9
Non-cash interest expense related to sale of future royalties
0.8 0.9
Non-cash royalty revenue related to sale of future royalties, net of withholding tax
(2.7
)
(2.3
)

Change in operating assets and liabilities:

Accounts receivables
0.3 (1.4
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
0.2 (0.1
)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
0.1 1.4

Net cash used in operating activities
(9.2
)
(19.7
)

Cash flows from investing activities:

Purchases of short and long-term investments
(7.0
)
(8.4
)
Maturities of short-term investments
27.9 16.6

Net cash provided by investing activities

20.9
8.2

Cash flows from financing activities:

Payment on note payable
- (0.1
)

Net cash used in financing activities
- (0.1
)

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
11.7 (11.6
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
17.7 49.7

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$ 29.4 $ 38.1

																*Accumulated*
											*Additional*					*Other*			*Total*
	*Common Stock*				*Treasury Stock*						*Paid-in*		*Accumulated*			*Comprehensive*			*Stockholders’*
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		*Shares*		*Amount*		*Shares*			*Amount*		*Capital*			*Deficit*			*(Loss) Gain*			*Equity*

Balances as of June 30, 2023		152,016,238	$	15		(33,246	)	$	(31	)	$	459,912	$	(374,799	)	$	(24	)	$	85,073

Release of common stock for vested restricted stock units		64,958		—		—			—			—		—			—			—

Repurchase of common stock to satisfy tax withholding		—		—		(10,592	)		(8	)		—		—			—			(8	)

Stock-based compensation		—		—		—			—			3,843		—			—			3,843

Unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments		—		—		—			—			—		—			13			13

Net loss		—		—		—			—			—		(17,400	)		—			(17,400	)

Balances as of September 30, 2023		152,081,196	$	15		(43,838	)	$	(39	)	$	463,755	$	(392,199	)	$	(11	)	$	71,521

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

Balances as of December 31, 2022		134,199,429	$	13		—		$	—		$	437,992	$	(327,109	)	$	(299	)	$	110,597

Issuance of common stock under September 2021 ATM, net of offering costs of $103		1,362,220		1		—			—			1,429		—			—			1,430

Issuance of common stock under 2023 Shelf Registration, net of offering costs of $284		16,000,000		1		—			—			13,602		—			—			13,603

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		54,720		—		—			—			17		—			—			17

Issuance of common stock under ESPP		301,061		—		—			—			298		—			—			298

Release of common stock for vested restricted stock units		163,766		—		—			—			—		—			—			—

Repurchase of common stock to satisfy tax withholding		—		—		(43,838	)		(39	)		—		—			—			(39	)

Stock-based compensation		—		—		—			—			10,417		—			—			10,417

Unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments		—		—		—			—			—		—			288			288

Net loss		—		—		—			—			—		(65,090	)		—			(65,090	)

Balances as of September 30, 2023		152,081,196	$	15		(43,838	)	$	(39	)	$	463,755	$	(392,199	)	$	(11	)	$	71,521

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

VAXART, INC.

~~Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc.~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

										*Accumulated*
					*Additional*					*Other*			*Total*
	*Common Stock*				*Paid-in*		*Accumulated*			*Comprehensive*			*Stockholders’*
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022		*Shares*		*Amount*	*Capital*			*Deficit*			Loss			*Equity*

Balances as of June 30, 2022		126,446,036	$	13	$	417,372	$	(273,882	)	$	(409	)	$	143,094

Issuance of common stock under September 2021 ATM, net of offering costs of $161		1,789,022		—		4,853		—			—			4,853

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		96,350		—		135		—			—			135

Stock-based compensation		—		—		3,643		—			—			3,643

Unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments		—		—		—		—			(109	)		(109	)

Net loss		—		—		—		(29,309	)		—			(29,309	)

Balances as of September 30, 2022		128,331,408	$	13	$	426,003	$	(303,191	)	$	(518	)	$	122,307

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

Balances as of December 31, 2021		125,594,393	$	13	$	406,943	$	(219,351	)	$	(74	)	$	187,531

Issuance of common stock under September 2021 ATM, net of offering costs of $583		2,565,022		—		8,650		—			—			8,650

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants		5,000		—		2		—			—			2

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		166,993		—		214		—			—			214

Stock-based compensation		—		—		10,194		—			—			10,194

Unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments		—		—		—		—			(444	)		(444	)

Net loss		—		—		—		(83,840	)		—			(83,840	)

Balances as of September 30, 2022		128,331,408	$	13	$	426,003	$	(303,191	)	$	(518	)	$	122,307

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

VAXART, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	*Nine Months Ended September 30,*
	*2023*			*2022*

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(65,090	)	$	(83,840	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		6,293			3,915
Loss on disposal of equipment		55			—
Amortization of discount on investments, net		(510	)		(13	)
Stock-based compensation		10,417			10,194
Non-cash interest expense related to sale of future royalties		573			988
Non-cash revenue related to sale of future royalties		(314	)		(152	)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(404	)		71
Prepaid expenses and other assets		2,760			(4,037	)
Accounts payable		(2,699	)		2,528
Deferred grant revenue		(1,921	)		—
Other accrued liabilities		(6,092	)		4,719

Net cash used in operating activities		(56,932	)		(65,627	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(1,975	)		(5,700	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		120			—
Cash paid for right-of-use assets		—			(5,038	)
Purchases of investments		(27,497	)		(48,178	)
Proceeds from maturities of investments		58,200			22,700

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		28,848			(36,216	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock in registered direct offering		13,603			—
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock through at-the-market facility		1,430			8,650
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants		—			2
Shares acquired to settle employee tax withholding liabilities		(39	)		—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		17			214
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan		298			—

Net cash provided by financing activities		15,309			8,866

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(12,775	)		(92,977	)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period		46,013			143,745

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	33,238		$	50,768


Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activity:
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$	296	$	9,997
Acquisition of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	14	$	1,738

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

VAXART, INC.

Notes to the CondensedConsolidatedFinancial Statements ~~(unaudited)~~(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. Organization and Nature of Business
~~(for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2017)~~

General

~~Company Overview~~

Vaxart Biosciences, Inc. was originally incorporated in California in March 2004, under the name West Coast Biologicals, Inc. The Company changed its name to Vaxart, Inc. (“Private Vaxart”) in July 2007, and reincorporated in the state of Delaware. In February 2018, Private Vaxart completed a business combination with Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc. (“Aviragen”), ~~together~~pursuant to which Aviragen merged with Private Vaxart, with Private Vaxart surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Aviragen (the “Merger”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger, Aviragen changed its name to Vaxart, Inc. (together with its ~~wholly owned~~ subsidiaries, ~~(“Aviragen”, or~~ the “Company” or “Vaxart”) isand Private Vaxart changed its name to Vaxart Biosciences, Inc.

In June 2023, Vaxart completed an underwritten public offering (the “June 2023 Offering”) in which 16,000,000 shares of its common stock were sold at an offering price of $0.8680 per share pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (the “2023 Shelf Registration”). The net proceeds from the June 2023 Offering were $13.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commission and estimated offering expenses payable by Vaxart.

On September 15, 2021, the Company entered into a ~~biopharmaceutical company focused~~Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “September 2021 ATM”), pursuant to which it may offer and sell, from time to time through sales agents, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $100 million. The Company filed a prospectus supplement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) onSeptember 16, 2021, and a subsequent prospectus supplement with the SEC on May 9, 2023, and will pay sales commissions of up to 3.0% of gross proceeds from the sale of shares.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, 1,362,220 shares were issued and sold under the September 2021 ATM for gross proceeds of $1.5 million, which, after deducting sales commissions and expenses incurred to date, resulted in net proceeds of $1.4 million. Since September 30,2023, the Company has not raised any additional capital under the September 2021 ATM.

The Company’s principal operations are based in South San Francisco, California, and it operates in one reportable segment, which is the discovery and development of ~~direct-acting antivirals to treat infections that have limited therapeutic options and affect a significant number~~oral recombinant protein vaccines, based on its proprietary oral vaccine platform.

NOTE 2. Summary of ~~patients globally. The Company has~~ ~~three~~ ~~Phase~~ 2 ~~clinical stage compounds:~~ ~~BTA074~~ ~~(teslexivir), an antiviral treatment for condyloma caused by human papillomavirus types~~ 6 & ~~11;~~ ~~vapendavir, a capsid inhibitor for the prevention or treatment of rhinovirus upper respiratory infections; and~~ ~~BTA585~~ (enzaplatovir), a fusion protein inhibitor in development for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. The Company also has a preclinical RSV non-fusion inhibitor program. The Company is incorporated in the state of Delaware and its corporate headquarters are located in Alpharetta, Georgia.Significant Accounting Policies

~~Although several~~

Basis of ~~the Company’s influenza product candidates have been successfully developed~~Presentation, Liquidity and ~~commercialized to-date by other larger pharmaceutical companies under collaboration, license or commercialization agreements with the Company, it has~~ ~~not~~ ~~independently developed or received regulatory approval for any product candidate, and the Company does~~ ~~not~~ ~~currently have any sales, marketing or commercial capabilities. Therefore, it is possible that the Company~~ ~~may~~ ~~not~~ ~~successfully derive any significant product revenues from any product candidates that it is developing now, or~~ ~~may~~ ~~develop in the future.~~Going Concern – The ~~Company expects to incur losses for the foreseeable future as it intends to support the clinical and preclinical development of its product candidates.~~

On ~~October 30, 2017,~~ ~~the Company announced that it had entered into a definitive Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization dated as of~~ ~~October 27, 2017,~~ among the Company, Agora Merger Sub, Inc. and Vaxart, Inc. (the “Merger Agreement”) pursuant to which Vaxart, a privately-held clinical-stage company focused on developing oral recombinant vaccines from its proprietary delivery platform, would become a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”). This transaction marks the culmination of the Company~~’s Strategic Review process which was initiated in~~ ~~April.~~ The Merger will result in a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company focused on developing Vaxart’s oral recombinant vaccines and Aviragen’s direct-acting antivirals to treat infections that have limited therapeutic options.

~~The exchange ratio in the merger agreement was determined by Vaxart assigning~~ ~~$60,000,000~~ ~~in value to Aviragen for its financial and clinical assets, and~~ ~~$90,000,000~~ ~~in value for its own assets.~~ ~~On a pro forma basis after giving effect to the number of shares of Aviragen common stock that will be issued to Vaxart security holders in the Merger and assuming~~ no ~~adjustments for cash balances as provided for in the Merger Agreement, current Vaxart security holders will own approximately~~ ~~60%~~ ~~of the combined company and current Aviragen security holders will own approximately~~ ~~40%~~ ~~of the combined company. The transaction has been approved by the boards of directors of both companies. The Merger is expected to close in~~ ~~February 2018,~~ ~~subject to the approval of the stockholders of each company as well as other customary conditions.~~ ~~Upon closing of the Merger, the name of the combined company will become Vaxart, Inc. and shares of the combined~~ company are expected to continue trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the proposed ticker symbol VXRT. Wouter Latour, M.D., Chief Executive Officer of Vaxart, will serve as Chief Executive Officer of the combined company.

~~At the end of the quarter, a small group of dissident stockholders, who call themselves the Concerned Aviragen Shareholders (“~~CAS”) Group, launched a proxy contest against the proposed merger with Vaxart and are seeking an opportunity to nominate individuals for election to the Company’s Board at the upcoming Annual Meeting. The Company continues to believe the proposed merger with Vaxart is the best possible strategic alternative, and together, Aviragen and Vaxart will have the potential to create meaningful value for stockholders.

~~Prior to the completion of the proposed merger, the Company plans to continue to finance its operations with existing cash, cash equivalents and investments.~~

(2)

~~Basis of Presentation~~

~~The~~ accompanying ~~unaudited~~ condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the SEC assuming the Company will continue as a going concern.

The Company is a clinical-stage biotechnology company with no product sales. Its primary source of capital is from the sale and issuance of common stock and common stock warrants. As of September 30,2023, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments of $53.0 million. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments are not sufficient to fund the Company’s planned operations for ~~interim~~a period of 12 months from the date the financial ~~information and~~statements are issued.

The Company will be dependent upon raising additional capital through placement of its common stock, notes or other securities, borrowings, or entering into a partnership with a strategic party in order to implement its business plan. The Company is currently not in compliance with the ~~instructions~~ minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market and has been provided an initial compliance period until January 17, 2024, to ~~Form~~regain compliance. The Company 10may ~~-Q and Rule~~be eligible for an additional 10-01180 calendar days compliance period under certain circumstances. If the Company does not regain compliance during the compliance period, the Company’s common stock will be delisted from Nasdaq. The delisting of ~~Regulation S-~~the Company's common stock from Nasdaq X.may make it more difficult for the Company to raise capital on favorable terms in the future, or at all. There can be no ~~All material adjustments considered necessary~~assurance that the Company will be successful raising additional capital.

Based on management's current plan, the Company expects to have enough cash runway into the third quarter of 2024. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on acceptable terms, management’s plans include further reducing or delaying operating expenses. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a ~~fair presentation~~period of one year from the date of the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been ~~included.~~prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, included in this filing, was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Certain information and footnote ~~disclosure~~disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements ~~prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP~~ have been condensed or omitted pursuant to ~~instructions,~~these rules and ~~regulations prescribed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Except as disclosed herein, there has been~~ no ~~material change in the information disclosed in the notes to the~~regulations. These condensed consolidated financial statements ~~included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form~~ 10~~-K that was filed with the SEC on~~ ~~September 1, 2017.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.

~~Operating results for the~~ ~~three~~ ~~and~~ ~~six~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~December 31, 2017~~ ~~are~~ ~~not~~ ~~necessarily indicative of those in future quarters or the annual results that~~ ~~may~~ ~~be expected for the Company’s fiscal year ending~~ ~~June 30, 2018.~~ ~~For a more complete discussion of the Company’s significant accounting policies and other information, this report~~ should be read in conjunction with the ~~consolidated~~Company’s audited financial statements and footnotes related thereto for the ~~fiscal~~ year ended ~~June 30, 2017~~December 31,2022,included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10~~-K.~~

~~The Company~~’s-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023 (the “Annual Report”). Unless noted below, there have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies ~~have~~described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows. The results of operations for such interim periods are not ~~changed since~~ ~~June 30, 2017.~~necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any future periods.

~~Recently Issued Accounting Standards~~Basis of Consolidation – The condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Vaxart, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant transactions and balances between Vaxart, Inc. and its subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation.

In ~~May 2014,~~

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the ~~FASB issued authoritative accounting guidance related~~reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results and outcomes could differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Table of Contents
VAXART, INC.
Notes to ~~revenue from contracts with customers. This guidance is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model~~the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Concentration of Credit Risk – Financial instruments that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after ~~December 15, 2017.~~ ~~Accordingly,~~potentially subject the Company ~~will adopt this guidance on~~ ~~July 1, 2018.~~ ~~Companies~~ ~~may~~ ~~use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach~~ to ~~adopt this guidance.~~significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and available-for-sale investments. The Company places its cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and available-for-sale investments at financial institutions that management believes are of high credit quality. The Company is ~~evaluating which transition approach~~exposed to ~~use~~credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions holding the cash, cash equivalents and ~~its~~restricted cash to the extent such amounts are in excess of the federally insured limits. Losses incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact ~~if any,~~ on ~~its consolidated~~the Company’s financial ~~statements.~~condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

InThe primary focus of the Company’s investment strategy is to preserve capital and meet liquidity requirements. The Company’s investment policy addresses the level of credit exposure by limiting the concentration in any ~~January 2016,~~ one~~the FASB issued guidance related to financial instruments - overall recognition~~ corporate issuer or sector and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities. The guidance enhances the reporting model for financial instruments, which includes amendments to address aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure. The update to the standard is effective for public companies for interim and annual periods beginning after ~~December 15, 2017.~~ ~~Accordingly, the standard is effective for the Company on~~ ~~July 1, 2018.~~ ~~The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.~~establishing a minimum allowable credit rating.

In
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company has reviewed all newly-issued accounting pronouncements that are ~~February 2016,~~ not~~the FASB issued new guidance on leases. This guidance replaces the prior lease accounting guidance in~~ yet effective and concluded that they are either not applicable to its entirety. The underlying principle of the new standard is the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for substantially all leases, with an exception for leases with terms of less than ~~twelve~~ ~~months. The standard also requires additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after~~ ~~December 15, 2018,~~ ~~and early~~operations or their adoption is ~~permitted. The standard requires a modified retrospective approach, which includes several optional practical expedients. Accordingly, the standard is effective for the Company on~~ ~~July 1, 2019.~~ ~~The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.~~
In ~~August 2016,~~ ~~the FASB issued new guidance on how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for the Company beginning~~ ~~July 1, 2018.~~ ~~Early adoption is permitted. We do~~ not ~~expect the adoption of this guidance~~expected to have a material impact on ~~the consolidated~~its financial ~~statements.~~position or results of operations.
NOTE 3. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value accounting is applied for all financial assets and liabilities and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable and accounts payable that approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities.
(3)
~~Fair Value Measurements~~

AAssets and liabilities recorded at fair value ~~hierarchy has been established that requires~~on a recurring basis in the ~~Company~~balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with inputs used to ~~maximize the use of observable inputs, where available, and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when~~measure their fair values. The accounting guidance for fair value provides a framework for measuring fair ~~value. The~~value and requires certain disclosures about how fair value ~~hierarchy describes~~is determined. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The accounting guidance also establishes a three ~~levels of~~-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs ~~that~~ ~~may~~ beto valuation techniques used to measure fair ~~value:~~value based upon whether such inputs are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions made by the reporting entity.

~~Level~~ 1
The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is briefly summarized as follows:
~~Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.~~

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~~Table~~
Level 1 – Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date;
Level 2 – Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of ~~Contents~~
the related assets or liabilities; and

~~Level~~ 2
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data.
~~Observable inputs other than Level~~ 1 ~~prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are~~ ~~not~~ ~~active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.~~
~~Level~~ 3
~~Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or~~ no ~~market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.~~

The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets ~~and liabilities~~ that ~~were~~are measured ~~at fair value~~ on a recurring basis at as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, ~~2017~~ 2022~~and~~ ~~June 30, 2017,~~ by level within the fair value hierarchy. The assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. (in thousands):

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

September 30, 2023

Financial assets:

Money market funds
$ 27,975 $ — $ — $ 27,975
U.S. Treasury securities
— 19,799 — 19,799
Total
$ 27,975 $ 19,799 $ — $ 47,774

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

December 31, 2022

Financial assets:

Money market funds
$ 30,834 $ — $ — $ 30,834
U.S. Treasury securities
— 41,542 — 41,542
Commercial paper
— 5,674 — 5,674
Corporate debt securities
— 2,488 — 2,488
Total
$ 30,834 $ 49,704 $ — $ 80,538

The Company~~’s short-term investments~~ held no recurring financial liabilities as of ~~June~~September 30, ~~2017 have been classified as Level~~2023, or 2,December 31, 2022 ~~which have been initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently revalued, at the end of each reporting period, utilizing a~~ ~~third~~ party pricing service. The pricing service utilizes industry standard valuation models and observable market inputs to determine value that include surveying the bond dealer community, obtaining benchmark quotes, incorporating relevant trade data, and updating spreads daily. There have been no ~~transfers of assets or liabilities between the fair value measurement classifications.~~.

Quoted Prices in

Significant

Active Markets

Other

Significant

(in millions)

for Identical Assets

Observable Inputs

Unobservable Inputs

December 31, 2017

Total

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Cash equivalents
$ 18.7 $ 7.0 $ 11.7 $ —
Short-term investments available-for-sale
— — — —
Total
$ 18.7 $ 7.0 $ 11.7 $ —
(in millions)
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets

Significant
Other
Observable Inputs

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

June 30, 2017

Total

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Cash equivalents
$ 10.9 $ 5.9 $ 5.0 $ —
Short-term investments available-for-sale

20.9
— 20.9 —
Total
$ 31.8 $ 5.9 $ 25.9 $ —
~~Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds, corporate notes and commercial paper with original maturities of~~ 90 ~~or fewer days when purchased. Short-term investments consist of certificates of deposit, corporate securities, U.S. Treasury securities andU.S. agency securities, classified as available-for-sale and have maturities less than~~ ~~365~~ ~~days from the date of acquisition.~~
~~The following table shows the unrealized gains and losses and fair values for those investments as of~~ ~~December 31, 2017~~ ~~and~~ ~~June 30, 2017~~ ~~aggregated by major security type:~~
(in millions)

Unrealized

Unrealized

December 31, 2017

At Cost

Gains

(Losses)

At Fair Value

Money market funds
$ 7.0 $ - $ - $ 7.0
Corporate notes
6.5 - - 6.5
Commercial paper
5.2 - - 5.2
Total
$ 18.7 $ - $ - $ 18.7
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(in millions)

Unrealized

Unrealized

June 30, 2017

At Cost

Gains

(Losses)

At Fair Value

Money market funds
$ 5.9 $ — $ — $ 5.9
Commercial paper
8.5 — — 8.5
Corporate notes
17.4 — — 17.4
Total
$ 31.8 $ — $ — $ 31.8
VAXART, INC.

AsNotes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 4. Balance Sheet Components
(a)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Investments
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments consisted of the following (in thousands):

Amortized

Gross Unrealized

Estimated

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Short-Term

Cost

Gains

Losses

Fair Value

and Restricted Cash

Investments

September 30, 2023

Cash at banks
$ 5,263 $ — $ — $ 5,263 $ 5,263 $ —
Money market funds
27,975 — — 27,975 27,975 —
U.S. Treasury securities
19,810 — (11 ) 19,799 — 19,799
Total
$ 53,048 $ — $ (11 ) $ 53,037 $ 33,238 $ 19,799

Amortized

Gross Unrealized

Estimated

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Short-Term

Cost

Gains

Losses

Fair Value

and Restricted Cash

Investments

December 31, 2022

Cash at banks
$ 15,179 $ — $ — $ 15,179 $ 15,179 $ —
Money market funds
30,834 — — 30,834 30,834 —
U.S. Treasury securities
41,812 — (270 ) 41,542 — 41,542
Commercial paper
2,488 — — 2,488 — 2,488
Corporate debt securities
5,703 — (29 ) 5,674 — 5,674
Total
$ 96,016 $ — $ (299 ) $ 95,717 $ 46,013 $ 49,704
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $33.2 million as of September 30, 2023 and $46.0 million as of December 31, ~~2017~~2022, includes restricted cash of $79,000 and ~~June 30, 2017,~~ ~~the Company had investments in an unrealized gain (loss) position below material disclosure thresholds in the table above. The Company determined that the unrealized gains~~$2.0 million, respectively.
(b)
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and ~~losses on these investments were temporary in nature and expected the security to mature at its stated maturity principal. All available-for-sale securities held at~~ ~~December 31, 2017,~~ ~~will mature in less than~~ ~~one~~ ~~year.~~ ~~The fair value of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their carrying value because~~equipment, net consists of the ~~short-term nature of these financial instruments at~~ following (in thousands):

September 30, 2023

December 31, 2022

Laboratory equipment
$ 13,638 $ 12,035
Office and computer equipment
1,105 1,078
Leasehold improvements
4,098 1,760
Construction in progress
27 3,984
Total property and equipment
18,868 18,857
Less: accumulated depreciation
(5,942 ) (3,272 )
Property and equipment, net
$ 12,926 $ 15,585
Depreciation expense was $1.0 million and $0.5 million for the ~~December 31~~, ~~2017~~three months ended September 30,2023and ~~June~~ 2022, respectively, and $2.8 million and $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~ ~~respectively. The fair value~~2023 and 2022, respectively. There were no material impairments of the Company’s ~~short-term note payable, which is measured using Level~~property and equipment recorded in the 2nine ~~inputs, approximates book value, at~~months ended September 30,2023, or 2022, respectively.
(c)
Right-of-Use Assets, Net
Right-of-use assets, net comprises facilities of $25.8 million and $25.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, ~~2017~~~~and~~ ~~June 30, 2017.~~

(4) ~~Accrued and Other Current Liabilities~~respectively.

(d)

Intangible Assets, Net

~~Accrued expenses~~

Intangible assets comprise developed technology and intellectual property. Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over useful life of 11.75 years for developed technology and 20 years for intellectual property. As of September 30,2023, developed technology and intellectual property had remaining lives of 6.1 and 4.25 years, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, there have been no indicators of impairment. Intangible assets consist of the following (in ~~millions)~~thousands):

December 31, 2017

June 30, 2017

Professional fees
$ 0.7 $ 0.4
Salary and benefits
1.3 0.4
Research and development expenses
0.5 1.8
Other accrued expenses
- 0.3
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities
$ 2.5 $ 2.9

September 30, 2023

December 31, 2022

Developed technology
$ 5,000 $ 5,000
Intellectual property
80 80
Total cost
5,080 5,080
Less: accumulated amortization
(608 ) (60 )
Intangible assets, net
$ 4,472 $ 5,020

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(5)     ~~Liabilities Related to Sale of Future Royalties~~VAXART, INC.

In ~~April 2016,~~ ~~the Company sold certain royalty rights related~~Notes to the ~~approved product~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Intangible asset amortization expense for the three months ended September 30,2023 and 2022, was $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, $0.5 million and $1.0 million respectively.
As of September 30,2023, the estimated future amortization expense by year is as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,

Amount

2023 (three months remaining)
$ 183
2024
731
2025
731
2026
731
2027
731
Thereafter
1,365
Total
$ 4,472
(e)
Goodwill
Goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired, comprises $4.5 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, there have been no indicators of impairment.
(f)
Other Accrued Liabilities
Other accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

September 30, 2023

December 31, 2022

Accrued compensation
$ 4,573 $ 3,112
Accrued clinical and manufacturing expenses
535 2,413
Accrued professional and consulting services
306 691
Other liabilities, current portion
577 1,868
Total
$ 5,991 $ 8,084
NOTE 5.  Revenue
Royalty Agreement
The Company generates royalty revenue from the sale of Inavir^®~~, sold by~~ in Japan, pursuant to a collaboration and license agreement that Aviragen entered into with Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited (“Daiichi Sankyo”) in 2009. In September 2010, laninamivir octanoate was approved for sale by the Japanese ~~market,~~Ministry of Health and Welfare for the treatment of influenza in adults and children, which Daiichi Sankyo markets as Inavir. Under the agreement, the Company currently receives a 4% royalty on net sales of Inavir in Japan. The last patent related to Inavir is set to expire in ~~$20~~December 2029, at which time royalty revenue will cease. The Company’s royalty revenue is seasonal, in line with the flu season, so the majority of the Company’s royalty revenue and non-cash royalty revenue related to the sale of future royalties are earned in the first and fourth fiscal quarters. The royalty revenue related to Inavir recognized in the nine months ended September 30,2023 and 2022, was nil. In addition, the Company recognized non-cash royalty revenue related to sale of future royalties (see Note 6) of $0.4 million and nil in the three months ended September 30,2023 and 2022, respectively, and $0.8 million and $85,000 in the nine months ended September 30,2023 and 2022, respectively. Both royalty revenue and the non-cash royalty revenue related to sale of future royalties are subject to a 5% withholding tax in Japan, for which $23,000 and nil was included in income tax expense in the three months ended September 30,2023 and 2022, respectively, and $38,000 and $4,000 in the nine months ended September 30,2023 and 2022, respectively.
Grant Revenue
In November 2022, the Company accepted a grant (the “BMGF Grant”) to perform research and development work for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (“BMGF”) and received $2.0 million in advance that was recorded as restricted cash and deferred revenue. The Company received an additional $1.5 million in July 2023 upon completion of certain milestones. The Company recognizes revenue under research contracts only when a contract has been executed and the contract price is fixed or determinable. Revenue from the BMGF Grant is recognized in the period during which the related costs are incurred and the related services are rendered, provided that the applicable conditions under the contract have been met. Costs of contract revenue are recorded as a component of operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recognized revenue from the BMGF Grant of $1.7 million and $3.4 million in the three and nine months ended September 30,2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, restricted cash and deferred revenue were $79,000 and $2.0 million, respectively.
NOTE 6.Liabilities Related to Sale of Future Royalties
In April 2016, Aviragen entered into a Royalty Interest Acquisition Agreement (the “RIAA”) with HealthCare Royalty Partners III, L.P. (“HCRP”). Under the RIAA, HCRP made a $20.0 million cash payment to Aviragen in consideration for acquiring certain royalty rights (“Royalty Rights”) related to the approved product Inavir in the Japanese market. The Royalty Rights were obtained pursuant to the collaboration and license agreements (the “License Agreement”) and a commercialization agreement that the Company entered into with Daiichi Sankyo. Per the terms of the RIAA, HCRP is entitled to the first $3.0 million plus 15% of the next $1.0 million in royalties earned in each year commencing on April 1, with any excess revenue being retained by the Company.
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VAXART, INC.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Under the relevant accounting guidance, due to a limit on the amount of royalties that HCRP can earn under the ~~arrangement,~~RIAA, this transaction was accounted for as a liability that ~~will be~~is being amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the arrangement. The Company has no obligation to pay any amounts to HCRP other than to pass through to HCRP its share of royalties as they are received from Daiichi Sankyo. ~~In order to~~To record the amortization of the liability, the Company is required to estimate the total amount of future royalty payments to be received under the License Agreement ~~with Daiichi Sankyo~~ and the payments that will be passed through to HCRP over the life of ~~the~~this agreement. ~~The sum of the pass through amounts less the net proceeds received will be recorded as non-cash interest expense over the life of the liability.~~ Consequently, the Company imputes interest on the unamortized portion of the liability and records non-cash interest expense using an estimated effective interest rate. The royalties earned in each period that will be passed through to HCRP are recorded as non-cash royalty revenue related to sale of future royalties, with any excess not subject to pass-through being recorded as royalty revenue. When the pass-through royalties are paid to HCRP in the following quarter, the imputed liability related to sale of future royalties is commensurately reduced. The Company ~~will~~ periodically ~~assess~~assesses the expected royalty payments, and to the extent such payments are greater or less than the initial estimate, the Company ~~will adjust~~adjusts the amortization of the liability and interest rate. As a result of this accounting, even though the Company does not retain HCRP’s share of the royalties, it will continue to record non-cash revenue related to those royalties until the amount of the associated liability, ~~and~~including the related interest, is fully amortized.
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The following table shows the activity within the liability account during the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~December 31, 2017:~~September 30,2023 (in thousands):

in millions

Total Liability related to sale of future royalties, June 30, 2017
$ 16.7
Total liability related to sale of future royalties, start of period
$ 5,716
Non-cash royalty revenue paid to HCRP
(0.3 ) (314 )
Non-cash interest expense recognized
0.8 573
Total Liability related to sale of future royalties, December 31, 2017
$ 17.2
Total liability related to sale of future royalties, end of period
5,975
Current portion
(1,342 )
Long-term portion
$ 4,633


(NOTE 67)   ~~Net Loss per share~~.  Leases

~~Basic~~The Company has obtained the right of use for office and manufacturing facilities under seven operating lease agreements with initial terms exceeding one year and has one operating lease agreement for facilities and one for manufacturing equipment with initial terms of one year or less. The lease term at the commencement date is determined by considering whether renewal options and termination options are reasonably assured of exercise.
In September 2021, the Company executed a lease for a facility in South San Francisco, California, with an initial term expiring on March 31, 2029. This lease has two separate components, one commenced in the third quarter of 2022 and the other in the first quarter of 2023 resulting in an additional right of use asset $15.0 million and $3.1 million, respectively.
As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average discount rate for operating leases with initial terms of more than one year was 9.8% and the weighted average remaining term of these leases was 5.4 years. Discount rates were determined using the Company’s marginal rate of borrowing at the time each lease was executed or extended.
The following table summarizes the Company’s undiscounted cash payment obligations for its operating lease liabilities with initial terms of more than twelve months as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,

2023 (three months remaining)
$ 1,043
2024
4,275
2025
4,421
2026
4,975
2027
5,205
2028
5,387

Thereafter
1,410
Undiscounted total
26,716
Less: imputed interest
(6,257 )
Present value of future minimum payments
20,459
Current portion of operating lease liability
(2,517 )
Operating lease liability, net of current portion
$ 17,942
The Company has a future payment obligation of up to $0.2 million that is not reflected in the table above relating to a lease agreement that has not yet commenced but was executed as of September 30, 2023. The Company presently has no finance leases and no future obligations under operating leases with initial terms of one year or less.
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VAXART, INC.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The Company is also required to pay for operating expenses related to the leased space. The operating expenses are incurred separately and were not included in the present value of lease payments. Operating lease expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2023

2022

2023

2022

Lease cost

Operating lease cost
$ 1,554 $ 1,202 $ 4,617 $ 2,652
Short-term lease cost
10 117 41 335
Variable lease cost
459 397 1,401 926
Total lease cost
$ 2,023 $ 1,716 $ 6,059 $ 3,913
NOTE 8. Commitments and Contingencies
(a)
Purchase Commitments
As of September 30, 2023, the Company had approximately $4.8 million of non-cancelable purchase commitments, principally for contract manufacturing and clinical services which are expected to be paid within the next year.
(b)
Indemnifications
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements that may include indemnification provisions. Pursuant to such agreements, the Company may indemnify, hold harmless and defend indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party. Some of the provisions will limit losses to those arising from third-party actions. In some cases, the indemnification will continue after the termination of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these provisions is not determinable. The Company has also entered into indemnification agreements with certain officers and directors which provide, among other things, that the Company will indemnify and advance expenses incurred in connection with certain actions, suits or proceedings to such officer or director, under the circumstances and to the extent provided for therein, for expenses, damages, judgments, fines and settlements he or she may be required to pay in actions or proceedings which he or she is or may be made a party by reason of his or her position as a director, officer or other agent of the Company, and otherwise to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law and the Company’s Bylaws. The Company currently has directors’ and officers’ insurance.
(c)
Litigation
From time to time the Company may be involved in legal proceedings arising in connection with its business. Based on information currently available, the Company believes that the amount, or range, of reasonably possible losses in connection with any pending actions against it in excess of established reserves, in the aggregate, is indeterminable to its consolidated financial condition or cash flows. However, any current or future dispute resolution or legal proceeding, regardless of the merits of any such proceeding, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources that are needed to run the Company successfully, and could have a material adverse impact on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
On October 23, 2020, a complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, entitled Roth v. Armistice Capital LLC, et al. The complaint names Armistice and certain Armistice-related parties as defendants, asserting a violation of Exchange Act Section 16(b) and seeking the disgorgement of short-swing profits. The complaint purports to bring the lawsuit on behalf of and for the benefit of the Company and names the Company as a “nominal defendant” for whose benefit damages are sought.
On January 8, 2021, a purported shareholder, Phillip Chan, commenced a pro se lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California titled Chan v. Vaxart, Inc. et al. (the “Opt-Out Action”), opting out of the consolidated Himmelberg v. Vaxart, Inc. et al. and Hovhannisyan v. Vaxart, Inc. et al. class actions, (together, the “Putative Class Action”). Because this complaint is nearly identical to an earlier version of a complaint filed in the Putative Class Action, the Opt-Out Action has been stayed while the Putative Class Action is pending.
NOTE 9.  Stockholders’ Equity
(a)
Preferred Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share. The Company’s board of directors may, without further action by the stockholders, fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and authorize their issuance. These rights, preferences and privileges could include dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of such series, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of holders of common stock and the likelihood that such holders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation. In addition, the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change of control or other corporate action. No shares of preferred stock are currently outstanding, and the Company has no present plan to issue any shares of preferred stock.
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VAXART, INC.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(b)
Common Stock
As of September 30,2023, the Company was authorized to issue 250,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, which includes an increase of 100,000,000 on August 4, 2022, when the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 150,000,000 shares. Except as otherwise required by law or as otherwise provided in any certificate of designation for any series of preferred stock, the holders of common stock possess all voting power for the election of the Company’s directors and all other matters requiring stockholder action. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on matters to be voted on by stockholders. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the Company’s board of directors at its discretion out of funds legally available therefor. In no event will any stock dividends or stock splits or combinations of stock be declared or made on common stock unless the shares of common stock at the time outstanding are treated equally and identically. As of September 30, 2023, no dividends had been declared by the board of directors.
In the event of the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up, the holders of the common stock will be entitled to receive an equal amount per share of all the Company’s assets of whatever kind available for distribution to stockholders, after the rights of the holders of the preferred stock have been satisfied. There are no sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock.
The Company had shares of common stock reserved for issuance as follows:

September 30, 2023

December 31, 2022

Options issued and outstanding
18,073,909 14,725,261
RSUs issued and outstanding
3,594,698 808,310
Available for future grants of equity awards
5,527,341 12,074,692
Common stock warrants
227,434 227,434
2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
1,498,939 1,800,000
Total
28,922,321 29,635,697
In June 2023, Vaxart completed an underwritten public offering in which 16,000,000 shares of its common stock were sold at an offering price of $0.8680 per share pursuant to the Company’s effective 2023 Shelf Registration. The net proceeds from the June 2023 Offering were $13.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commission and estimated offering expenses payable by Vaxart. The June 2023 Offering included a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,400,000 common shares at the offering price of $0.8680 per share which expired in July 2023.
(c)
Warrants
The following warrants were outstanding as of September 30, 2023, all of which contain standard anti-dilution protections in the event of subsequent rights offerings, stock splits, stock dividends or other extraordinary dividends, or other similar changes in the Company’s common stock or capital structure, and none of which have any participating rights for any losses:
Securities into which warrants are convertible

Warrants Outstanding

Exercise Price

Expiration Date

Common Stock
44,148 $ 1.10
April 2024
Common Stock
26,515 $ 1.375
April 2024
Common Stock
29,150 $ 2.50
March 2025
Common Stock
100,532 $ 3.125
February 2025
Common Stock
16,175 $ 3.125
March 2024
Common Stock
10,914 $ 22.99
December 2026
Total
227,434
In the event of a Fundamental Transaction (a transfer of ownership of the Company as defined in the warrant) within the Company’s control, the holders of the unexercised common stock warrants exercisable for $1.10 and $2.50 and those exercisable for $3.125 expiring in February 2025 shall be entitled to receive cash consideration equal to a Black-Scholes valuation, as defined in the warrant. If such Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, the warrant holders would only be entitled to receive the same form of consideration (and in the same proportion) as the holders of the Company’s common stock, hence these warrants are classified as a component of permanent equity.
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VAXART, INC.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 10.  Equity Incentive Plans
On April 23, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved the adoption of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), under which the Company is authorized to issue incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), other stock awards and performance awards that may be settled in cash, stock, or other property. The 2019 Plan is designed to secure and retain the services of employees, directors and consultants, provide incentives for the Company’s employees, directors and consultants to exert maximum efforts for the success of the Company and its affiliates, and provide a means by which employees, directors and consultants may be given an opportunity to benefit from increases in the value of the Company’s common stock. Following adoption of the 2019 Plan, all previous plans were frozen, and on forfeiture, cancellation and expiration, awards under those plans are not assumed by the 2019 Plan.
The aggregate number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2019 Plan was initially 1,600,000 shares, which was increased through an amendment to the 2019 Plan adopted by the Company’s stockholders (a “Plan Amendment”) on June 8, 2020, to 8,000,000, by a Plan Amendment on June 16, 2021, to 16,900,000, and by a Plan Amendment on August 4, 2022, to 28,900,000. Further amendments to the 2019 Plan to increase the share reserve would require stockholder approval. Awards that are forfeited or canceled generally become available for issuance again under the 2019 Plan. Awards have a maximum term of ten years from the grant date and may vest over varying periods, as specified by the Company’s board of directors for each grant.
A summary of stock option and RSU transactions in the nine months ended September 30,2023, is as follows:

Weighted

Weighted

Shares

Number of

Option Average

Unvested

RSU Average

Available

Options

Exercise

RSU Shares

Grant Date

For Grant

Outstanding

Price

Outstanding

Fair Value

Balance as of January 1, 2023
12,074,692 14,725,261 $ 4.48 808,310 $ 3.57
Granted
(10,631,320 ) 7,399,849 $ 0.78 3,231,471 $ 0.78
Exercised
— (54,720 ) $ 0.31 — $ —
Released
— — $ — (163,766 ) $ 3.82
Forfeited
2,347,716 (2,066,399 ) $ 5.08 (281,317 ) $ 2.53
Canceled
1,736,253 (1,930,082 ) $ 4.48 — $ —

Balance as of September 30, 2023
5,527,341 18,073,909 $ 2.91 3,594,698 $ 1.13
As of September 30, 2023, there were 18,073,909 options outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $2.91, a weighted average remaining term of 8.43 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of $52,000. Of these options, 6,434,571 were vested, with a weighted average exercise price of $4.08, a weighted average remaining term of 7.27 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of $44,000.
The Company received $17,000 for the 54,720 options exercised during the nine months ended September 30,2023, which had an intrinsic value of $31,000 and received $214,000 for the 166,993 options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which had an intrinsic value of $474,000. The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax value (i.e., the difference between the Company’s stock price and the exercise price) of stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2023, based on the Company’s common stock closing price of $0.75 on September 29. 2023, the prior business day, which would have been received by the option holders had all their in-the-money options been exercised as of that date.
The weighted average grant date fair value of options awarded in the nine months ended September 30,2023 and 2022, was $0.78 and $3.88, respectively. Their fair values were estimated using the following assumptions:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023
2022
Risk-free interest rate
3.45% - 4.15 % 1.62% - 3.20 %
Expected term (in years)
5.50 - 6.00 5.42 - 6.08
Expected volatility
128% - 134 % 125% - 131 %
Dividend yield
— % — %
The Company measures the fair value of all stock-based awards on the grant date and records the fair value of these awards, net of estimated forfeitures, to compensation expense over the service period. Total stock-based compensation recognized for options, RSUs and ESPP was as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2023

2022

2023

2022

Research and development
$ 2,404 $ 2,567 $ 6,142 $ 6,977
General and administrative
1,439 1,076 4,275 3,217
Total stock-based compensation
$ 3,843 $ 3,643 $ 10,417 $ 10,194
As of September 30, 2023, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to outstanding unvested stock options and RSUs expected to vest was $21.3 million, which the Company expects to recognize over an estimated weighted average period of 2.24 years.
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VAXART, INC.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
On August 4, 2022, the 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2022 ESPP”) was approved by the Company’s stockholders. The Company reserved 1,800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for purchase under the ESPP. The ESPP has a six-month offering period comprised of one purchase period. The purchase price of the stock is equal to 85% of the lesser of the market value of such shares at the beginning of the six-month offering period or the end of such offering period. During the nine months ended September 30,2023, the Company received $298,000 and issued 301,061 shares under the ESPP. As of September 30, 2023, 1,498,939 shares are available and reserved for future issuance under the ESPP.
The estimated fair value used for the six-month offering period beginning June 1, 2023 and ending November 30, 2023, was $0.54 per share. The estimated fair value used for the six-month offering period beginning December 1, 2022 and ending May 31, 2023 was $0.46 per share. Stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP for the nine months ended September 30,2023, was $270,000. As of September 30,2023, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to outstanding ESPP expected to be recognized is $61,000 by November 2023. The fair value of the ESPP shares was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions:

Six-Month Offering Period Ending November 30, 2023

Six-Month Offering Period Ending May 31, 2023

Risk-free interest rate
5.37 % 4.60 %
Expected term (in years)
0.5 0.5
Expected volatility
98.55 % 84.66 %
Dividend yield
— % — %
NOTE 11.  Net LossPer Share
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2023

2022

2023

2022

Net loss
$ (17,400 ) $ (29,309 ) $ (65,090 ) $ (83,840 )

Shares used to compute net loss per share – basic and diluted
152,026,112 126,889,718 145,810,175 126,374,424

Net loss per share – basic and diluted
$ (0.11 ) $ (0.23 ) $ (0.45 ) $ (0.66 )
No adjustment has been ~~computed based on~~made to the net loss in the threeand nine months ended September 30,2023, or 2022, as the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. For diluted net loss per share, common stock equivalents (shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options and unvested restricted stock units) are excluded from the calculation as their inclusioneffect would be ~~anti-dilutive. The Company has excluded all~~ anti-dilutive ~~share-based awards~~due to ~~purchase common stock in periods indicating a loss, as their effect is anti-dilutive.~~
the net loss.

The following ~~tables set forth~~potentially dilutive weighted average securities were excluded from the computation of ~~historical basic and diluted net loss per share.~~weighted average shares outstanding because they would have been antidilutive:

Three Months Ended
December 31,

2017

2016

Net loss (in millions)
$ (3.4
)
$ (9.1
)
Weighted-average shares outstanding
38,649,237 38,640,487
Dilutive effect of restricted stock and stock options
- -
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per share
38,649,237 38,640,487
Basic net loss per share
$ (0.09
)
$ (0.24
)
Diluted net loss per share
$ (0.09
)
$ (0.24
)
Number of anti-dilutive share-based awards excluded from computation
6,898,629 5,645,543

Six Months Ended
December 31,

2017

2016

Net loss (in millions)
$ (8.7
)
$ (19.1
)
Weighted-average shares outstanding
38,649,237 38,640,487
Dilutive effect of restricted stock and stock options
- -
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per share
38,649,237 38,640,487
Basic net loss per share
$ (0.23
)
$ (0.49
)
Diluted net loss per share
$ (0.23
)
$ (0.49
)
Number of anti-dilutive share-based awards excluded from computation
6,898,629 5,645,543
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Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2023

2022

2023

2022

Options to purchase common stock
18,151,747 14,735,710 17,019,217 13,170,959

Restricted stock units to purchase common stock
3,629,741 660,660 2,840,178 353,738

Warrants to purchase common stock
227,434 227,434 227,434 229,156

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
337,496 — 379,720 —

Total potentially dilutive securities excluded from denominator of the diluted earnings per share computation
22,346,418 15,623,804 20,466,549 13,753,853

(7)
~~Licenses, Royalty Collaborative and Contractual Arrangements~~

~~Royalty agreements~~
~~The Company entered into a royalty-bearing research and license agreement with GlaxoSmithKline (“GSK”) in~~ ~~1990~~ ~~for the development and commercialization of zanamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor marketed by GSK as Relenza~~^® ~~to treat influenza. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company licensed zanamivir to GSK on an exclusive, worldwide basis. Most of the Company’s Relenza~~^® ~~patents have expired and the only substantial remaining intellectual property related to the Relenza~~^® ~~patent portfolio is scheduled to expire in~~ ~~July 2019~~ ~~in Japan. Until that patent expires, the Company will receive a~~ 7% ~~royalty on GSK’s annual net sales of Relenza~~^® ~~in Japan.~~
~~The Company also generates royalty revenue from the sale of Inavir~~^® ~~(laninamivir octanoate or LANI) in Japan, pursuant to a collaboration and license agreement and a related commercialization agreement (collectively, the “Inavir~~^® ~~License Agreement”) with Daiichi Sankyo. Under the Inavir~~^® ~~License Agreement, the Company currently receives a~~ 4% ~~royalty on net sales of Inavir~~^® ~~in Japan and is eligible to earn sales milestone payments. Under the Inavir~~^® License Agreement, the Company and Daiichi Sankyo have cross-licensed the world-wide rights to develop and commercialize the related intellectual property, and have agreed to share equally in any royalties, license fees, or milestone or other payments received from any ~~third~~ ~~party licenses outside of Japan. The patent relating to hydrates and the crystalline form of LANI used in Inavir~~^® ~~expires in~~ ~~2021~~ (~~not~~ ~~including extensions) in the U.S. and EU and in~~ ~~2024~~ ~~in Japan. In~~ ~~February 2015,~~ ~~a patent containing claims relevant to the manufacture of Inavir~~^®~~was issued in Japan and expires in~~ ~~December 2029.~~
In ~~April 2016,~~ ~~the Company entered into a Royalty Interest Acquisition Agreement (“Agreement”) with HCRP. Under the Agreement, HCRP made a~~ ~~$20~~ ~~million cash payment to the Company in consideration for acquiring from the~~ ~~Company certain royalty rights (“Royalty Rights”) related to Inavir~~^® ~~in the Japanese market.~~
~~The following tables summarize the key components of the Company’s revenues (in millions):~~

Three Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

(in millions)

Royalty revenue - Relenza^®
$ - $ 1.5
Non-cash royalty revenue related to the sale of future royalties
2.7 2.3
Total revenue
$ 2.7 $ 3.8

Six Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

(in millions)

Royalty revenue - Relenza^®
$ - $ 1.6
Non-cash royalty revenue related to the sale of future royalties
2.8 2.3
Total revenue
$ 2.8 $ 3.9
Relenza revenue declined to zero in the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 from $1.5 million in the same periods of the prior fiscal year due to the cessation of royalties on U.S. sales at the end of 2016 ~~and the unfavorable impact of a returns adjustment in the current quarter.~~
~~Collaborative and contract arrangements~~
In ~~July 2016,~~ the Company entered into an exclusive, worldwide license for RSV replication inhibitors intellectual property with Georgia State University Research Foundation (“GSURF”) in exchange for an upfront fee, future milestone payments and royalties on future net sales of any products that utilize the underlying RSV intellectual property. The Company has an obligation to make a minimum payment of ~~$10,000~~ ~~to GSURF annually until the license agreement expires or is terminated. The Company also entered into a~~ ~~two~~ ~~year sponsored research agreement with GSURF for annual sponsored research payments.~~

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(8)
~~Income Taxes~~
On ~~December 22, 2017,~~ the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act significantly revises the future ongoing U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering U. S. corporate income tax rates and implementing a territorial tax system. Since the Company is a calendar year tax filer, the lower corporate income tax rate will be effective beginning ~~January 1, 2018.~~
~~Based upon the provisions of the Tax Act, the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities will be remeasured to incorporate the lower corporate tax rate of~~ ~~21%~~ ~~into its tax provision; however, since the Company maintains a full valuation allowance, there is~~ no net impact to income tax expense reported in the Company’s financial statements for the periods presented as the provisional valuation allowance will be adjusted accordingly. At this time, the Company is still evaluating the impact of this remeasurement.
~~There are also certain transitional impacts of the Tax Act. As part of the transition to the new territorial tax system, the Tax Act imposes a~~ ~~one~~-time repatriation tax on deemed repatriation of historical earnings and profits (“E&P”) of foreign subsidiaries. Due to the complexity of this calculation and the information required to complete such a calculation, the Company is still reviewing its E&P from our foreign subsidiaries in connection with the one-time transition tax.
The Company is also currently analyzing its global working capital and cash requirements and the potential tax liabilities attributable to a repatriation, including calculating any excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis in its foreign subsidiaries, but has yet to determine whether it plans to change its prior assertion and repatriate earnings. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any deferred taxes attributable to its investments in its foreign subsidiaries. The Company will record the tax effects of any change in its prior assertion in the period that it completes its analysis and are able to make a reasonable estimate, and disclose any unrecognized deferred tax liability for temporary differences related to its foreign investments, if practicable.
The changes included in the Tax Act are broad and complex. The final transition impacts of the Tax Act may affect our financial statements and/or disclosures, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in interpretations of the Tax Act, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the Tax Act, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to the Tax Act. The Securities Exchange Commission has issued rules that would allow for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment date of the Tax Act to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts.
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~~ITEM 2:~~ Item 2.  Management~~Management’s~~’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
~~FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS~~

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking ~~statements. These forward-looking~~ statements ~~involve known~~within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and ~~unknown risks, uncertainties~~Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and ~~other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements~~assumptions and on information currently available to ~~be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.~~our management. In ~~most~~some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “goal,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,~~” “intend,~~” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” ~~“forecast,” “potential,” “likely” or “possible”, as well as the negative of such expressions,~~“potential” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements and reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. ~~These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to:~~
●
~~our expectations as to when top-line safety and efficacy data for~~ ~~BTA074 (~~~~teslexivir)~~~~are expected;~~
●
~~our anticipation~~Factors that ~~we will generally incur net losses from operations in the future due to our intention to continue to support the preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates;~~
●
~~our future financing requirements, the factors that may influence the timing and amount of those~~ ~~requirements and our ability to fund them;~~
●
~~the number of months that our current cash, cash equivalents, investments and anticipated future proceeds from existing royalty-bearing licenses will allow us to operate;~~ ~~and~~
●
~~the expected post-Merger share ownership split between Vaxart and Aviragen stockholders and anticipated timing of the closing of the Merger.~~
~~Various important factors~~ could cause ~~actual results, performance, events~~ or ~~achievements~~contribute to ~~materially differ from~~these differences include those ~~expressed or implied by forward-looking statements, including~~ ~~the U.S. Food~~discussed below and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or a similar regulatory body in another country, a data safety monitoring board, or an institutional review board delaying, limiting, suspending or terminating any of the Company’s clinical development programs at any time for a lack of safety, efficacy, tolerability, anti-viral activity, commercial viability, regulatory or manufacturing issues, or any other reason whatsoever; the Company's ability to secure, manage and retain qualified third-party clinical research, preclinical research, data management and contract manufacturing organizations upon which it relies to assist in the design, development, implementation and execution of the clinical and preclinical development of all its product candidates; and these third-party organizations fulfilling their contractual obligations on a timely and satisfactory basis; the safety or efficacy data from planned or ongoing future preclinical and clinical studies of any of its product candidates not supporting the clinical development of that product candidate; the successful enrollment of the requisite number of study participants on a timely basis; the Company’s ability to comply with applicable government regulations in various countries and regions in which we are conducting, or expect to conduct, clinical trials; the Company’s ability to retain and recruit sufficient staff, including key executive management and employees, to manage our business; the Company’s ability to maintain, protect or defend its proprietary rights from unauthorized use by others, or not infringe on the intellectual property rights of others; our ~~ability to successfully manage our expenses, operating results and financial position in line with our plans and expectations~~; the condition of the financial equity and debt markets and our ability to raise sufficient funding in such markets; changes in the general economic business or competitive conditions in the industry or with respect to our product candidates; ~~potential employee resignations on short notice;~~ ~~provisions in certificate of incorporation, bylaws and laws of Delaware containing provisions that could delay or discourage a change in control of the Company~~; ~~the Company’s obtaining the requisite stockholder approval and other conditions to the Merger being satisfied;~~ ~~and other cautionary statements contained elsewhere~~ in this Quarterly Report on Form~~10-Q~~ ~~and~~ 10-Q. The forward-looking statements included in ~~the Company’s Annual~~this Quarterly Report on Form ~~10-K for the year ended~~ ~~June 30, 2017~~,10-Q are made only as ~~filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on~~ ~~September 1, 2017~~.
There may be events in the future that we are unable to predict accurately, or over which we have no control. You should completely read this Form 10-Q and the documents that we reference herein that have been filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may change. We may not update these forward-looking statements, even though our situation may change in the future, unless we have an obligation under the federal securities laws to update and disclose material developments related to previously disclosed information.~~We qualify all~~ of the date hereof. These statements are based upon information ~~presented in this Form 10-Q, and particularly our forward-looking statements, by these cautionary statements.~~
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~~Aviragen is a registered trademark of Aviragen Therapeutics Inc., Relenza~~^®~~is a registered trademark of GlaxoSmithKline plc, and Inavir~~^®~~is a registered trademark of Daiichi Sankyo Company, Ltd~~.
~~References~~available to ~~“we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc. and its subsidiaries.~~
~~The following is a discussion and analysis~~us as of the ~~major factors contributing to our~~ ~~results of operations for the three and six months ended~~ ~~December 31~~~~, 2017, and our financial condition at that~~filing date ~~and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto included in~~~~Part I,~~~~Item 1~~ of this Quarterly Report on Form ~~10-Q.~~10-Q, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and we caution investors against unduly relying upon these statements. In all events, we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, change in circumstances, future events or otherwise, and you are advised to consult any additional disclosures that we may make directly to you or through reports that we, in the future, may file with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K.

Company Overview and Background
Vaxart Biosciences, Inc. was originally incorporated in California under the name West Coast Biologicals, Inc. in March 2004 and changed its name to Vaxart, Inc. (“Private Vaxart”) in July 2007, when it reincorporated in the state of Delaware. On February 13, 2018, Private Vaxart completed a reverse merger (the “Merger”) with Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc. (“Aviragen”), pursuant to which Private Vaxart survived as a wholly owned subsidiary of Aviragen. Under the terms of the Merger, Aviragen changed its name to Vaxart, Inc. and Private Vaxart changed its name to Vaxart Biosciences, Inc.
We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company primarily focused on the development of oral recombinant vaccines based on our Vector-Adjuvant-Antigen Standardized Technology (“VAAST”) proprietary oral vaccine platform. We are developing prophylactic vaccine candidates that target a range of infectious diseases, including norovirus (a widespread cause of acute gastroenteritis), coronavirus including SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”)), and influenza. In addition, we have generated preclinical data for our first therapeutic vaccine candidate targeting cervical cancer and dysplasia caused by human papillomavirus (“HPV”). Our investigational vaccines are administered using a room temperature-stable tablet, rather than by injection.
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Table of Contents
Our Product Pipeline
Figure1. The following table outlines the status of our oral vaccine development programs:
We are developing the following tablet vaccine candidates, which are all based on our proprietary platform:
●
Norovirus Vaccine. Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis symptoms, such as vomiting and diarrhea, among people of all ages in the United States. Each year, on average, norovirus causes 19 to 21 million cases of acute gastroenteritis and contributes to 109,000 hospitalizations and 900 deaths, mostly among young children and older adults. In a study by the CDC and Johns Hopkins University, published in 2016, the global annual economic impact of norovirus disease was estimated at $60 billion, $34 billion of which occurred in high income regions including the United States. An update by the lead authors estimated the burden in the U.S. alone to be $10.5 billion annually in 2018. Virtually all norovirus disease is caused by norovirus GI and GII genotypes, and we are developing a bivalent vaccine candidate designed to protect against both.
In September 2023, we announced that our Phase 2 GI.1 norovirus challenge study evaluating the safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of the GI.1 component of our bivalent norovirus vaccine candidate met five of six primary endpoints based on preliminary topline data. The study achieved its primary endpoints of a statistically significant 29% relative reduction in the rate of norovirus infection between the vaccinated and placebo arms, a strong induction of norovirus-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, and other immune response endpoints. Vaccination also led to a 21% relative reduction in norovirus acute gastroenteritis in the vaccine arm compared to placebo, but this was not statistically significant. In prespecified analyses, the study also showed an 85% relative decrease in viral shedding in the vaccine arm compared with placebo and no statistically significant difference in disease severity in the vaccinated cohort compared with placebo. The vaccine candidate was also safe and well tolerated with no vaccine-related serious adverse events.
In July 2023, we announced our Phase 2 placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of our bivalent norovirus vaccine candidate met all primary endpoints and our bivalent norovirus vaccine candidate was well-tolerated with robust immunogenicity based on preliminary topline data. Preliminary results showed robust increases in serum antibody responses across both doses at Day 29 relative to Day 1. Placebo subjects did not have a measurable increase in the antibody response. The vaccine candidate also had a favorable safety profile that included no vaccine-related serious adverse events and no dose limiting toxicity. Adverse event rates for both doses were similar to placebo.

We are ~~focused~~currently conducting additional analyses of the data from our norovirus trials and will engage with regulators to discuss a Phase 2B study and potentially a GII.4 challenge study. We expect the Phase 2B study will generate sufficient safety data to enable us to have an end of Phase 2 meeting with the FDA, potentially as early as in the fourth quarter of 2024. The end of Phase 2 meeting will allow us to gain concurrence on the ~~discovery~~scope and ~~development~~design of ~~direct-acting antivirals~~the Phase 3 pivotal efficacy study in adults over 18 years of age.
In the Fall of 2022, we announced a study that would receive significant funding and support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to ~~treat infections~~evaluate whether our bivalent norovirus vaccine candidate induces antibodies in the breast milk of lactating mothers and whether infants up to six months of age can acquire those antibodies by breastfeeding. Passive transfer of antibodies from mother to infant that ~~have limited therapeutic options~~are induced in milk may protect breastfeeding infants from infectious pathogens. We initiated this study in the fourth quarter of 2023. As a grant recipient from the Bill and ~~affect~~Melinda Gates Foundation, Vaxart has agreed to a ~~significant number~~global access commitment for use of ~~patients globally.~~ ~~The Company has three~~its bivalent norovirus vaccine candidate, if proven effective and approved, in breastfeeding mothers from low- and middle-income countries.
●
Coronavirus Vaccine. COVID-19, a severe respiratory tract infection caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, is a major cause of hospitalization and death in the U.S. and worldwide. According to the CDC, an outbreak of COVID-19 began in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide. While most COVID-19 restrictions, such as stay-at-home orders, have been lifted, COVID-19 continues to spread and remains a public health threat, not least due to the continuing emergence of new variants.
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Table of Contents
In September 2022, we announced the results from the first part of a two-part Phase 2 clinical ~~stage compounds: BTA074 (teslexivir),~~study evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of our oral COVID-19 (spike (“S”) protein only) vaccine candidate VXA-CoV2-1.1-S met both its primary and secondary endpoints based on topline data. VXA-CoV2-1.1-S was able to boost the serum antibody responses for volunteers that previously received an ~~antiviral treatment for condyloma caused by human papillomavirus types 6 & 11; vapendavir, a capsid inhibitor for the prevention~~mRNA vaccine (either Pfizer/BioNTech or ~~treatment of rhinovirus (“RV”) upper respiratory infections; and BTA585 (enzaplatovir)~~Moderna). Serum neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan), a ~~fusion protein inhibitor~~recognized correlate of protection, were boosted in ~~development for~~this population from a geometric mean of 481 to 778, a fold rise of 1.6. Volunteers that had lower starting titers had larger increases than subjects that had higher titers. There were also substantial increases in the ~~treatment~~neutralizing antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA4/5 in these volunteers as measured by sVNT assay. Increases in the mucosal IgA antibody responses (antibodies in the nose and mouth) were observed in approximately 50% of ~~respiratory syncytial virus infections.~~subjects. Subjects that had an increase in the mucosal IgA response to SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan S had an increase in IgA responses to other coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA4/5, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV, demonstrating the cross-reactive nature of these immune readouts. We are not proceeding with the second part of the study.

~~Although several~~In February 2021, we announced our Phase 1 study evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of our ~~influenza product candidates~~oral COVID-19 (S and nucleocapsid (“N”) proteins) vaccine candidate VXA-CoV2-1 met both its primary and secondary endpoints based on preliminary data. Initial results showing cross-reactive mucosal antibody responses were published in Science Translational Medicine. Additional detailed study results and mucosal durability data were reported in medRxiv in July 2022.
We have ~~been successfully developed~~also initiated preclinical work on novel vaccine constructs that seek to create more a potent pan-betacoronavirus vaccine candidate that would respond to SARS-CoV-2 and ~~commercialized~~also other betacoronaviruses (such as SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV).
The Company remains engaged in discussions with regulatory agencies, governments, non-governmental organizations and other potential strategic parties to ~~date by other larger pharmaceutical companies~~determine the best way to progress its pan-betacoronavirus vaccine program.
●
Influenza Vaccine. Flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. An estimated one billion cases of seasonal influenza occur annually worldwide, of which three to five million cases are considered severe, causing 290,000 to 650,000 deaths per year. In the United States, between 9,000,000 to 41,000,000 people catch influenza annually, between 140,000 and 710,000 people are hospitalized with complications of influenza, and between 12,000 and 52,000 people die from influenza and its complications each year. The total economic burden of seasonal influenza in the United States has been estimated to be $87.1 billion, including medical costs which average $10.4 billion annually, while lost earnings due to illness and loss of life amount to $16.3 billion annually.
In September 2018, we completed a $15.7 million contract with the U.S. Government through the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (“BARDA”) under license, collaboration or commercialization agreements with us, we have not independently developed or received regulatory approval for any product candidate, and we do not currently have any sales, marketing or commercial capabilities. Therefore, it is possible that we may not derive any significant product revenues from any product candidates that we are developing now, or may develop in the future. We expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future as we intend to support the clinical and preclinical developmentwhich a Phase 2 challenge study of our ~~product candidates.~~H1N1 flu vaccine candidate was conducted. We announced that, in healthy volunteers immunized and then experimentally infected with H1 influenza, our H1 influenza oral tablet vaccine candidate reduced clinical disease by 39% relative to placebo. Fluzone, the market-leading injectable quadrivalent influenza vaccine, reduced clinical disease by 27%. Our tablet vaccine candidate also showed a favorable safety profile, indistinguishable from placebo.

On October ~~30, 2017,~~2018, we presented data from the study demonstrating that our vaccine candidate elicited a significant expansion of mucosal homing receptor plasmablasts to approximately 60% of all activated B cells. We believe these mucosal plasmablasts are a key indicator of a protective mucosal immune response and a unique feature of our vaccine candidates.
We have also initiated early-stage development on novel vaccine constructs containing our own antigens to develop a universal influenza vaccine candidate. We had previously produced a non-GMP oral vaccine candidate containing certain proprietary antigens from Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. (“Janssen”) and tested the candidate in a preclinical challenge model. The preclinical study has been completed and we have submitted a report to Janssen. In August 2023, Janssen announced it would exit all vaccine and infectious disease R&D programs aside from an E.coli preventive vaccine and continuing to provide access to marketed HIV products.
The Company intends to work with governments around the world to create pandemic monovalent influenza vaccines for emergency use or stockpiling, if requested. We are also continuing development of our preclinical seasonal and universal influenza vaccine candidates.
●
HPV Therapeutic Vaccine. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and in the United States with about 13,000 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States according to the National Cervical Cancer Coalition. Our first therapeutic oral vaccine candidate targets HPV 16 and HPV 18, the two strains responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and precancerous cervical dysplasia.
We have tested our HPV 16 vaccine candidate in two different HPV 16 solid tumor models in mice. The HPV 16 vaccine candidate elicited T cell responses and promoted migration of the activated T cells into the tumors, leading to tumor cell killing. Mice that received our HPV 16 vaccine candidate showed a significant reduction in volume of their established tumors.
In October 2018, we filed a pre-IND meeting request with the FDA for our first therapeutic vaccine candidate targeting HPV 16 and HPV 18 and we subsequently submitted our pre-IND briefing package. We received feedback from the FDA in January 2019 to support submission of an IND application to support initiation of clinical testing.
The Company remains engaged in discussions with regulatory agencies, governments, non-governmental organizations and other potential strategic parties to determine the best way to progress its HPV program.
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Antivirals
●
Through the Merger, we acquired two royalty earning products, Relenza and Inavir. We also acquired three Phase 2 clinical stage antiviral compounds, which we have discontinued independent clinical development of. However, for one of these, Vapendavir, we entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement with Altesa Biosciences, Inc. (“Altesa”) in July 2021, permitting Altesa to develop and commercialize this capsid-binding broad spectrum antiviral. In May 2022, Altesa announced its intention to initiate clinical trials.
●
Relenza and Inavir are antivirals for the treatment of influenza, marketed by GlaxoSmithKline, plc (“GSK”) and Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited (“Daiichi Sankyo”), respectively. We have earned royalties on the net sales of Relenza and Inavir in Japan. The last patent for Relenza expired in July 2019 and the last patent for Inavir expires in December 2029. Sales of these antivirals vary significantly by quarter, because influenza virus activity displays strong seasonal cycles, and by year depending on the intensity and duration of the flu season, the impact COVID-19 has had, and may continue to have, on seasonal influenza, and competition from other antivirals such as Tamiflu and Xofluza.
Financial Operations Overview
Revenue
Non-Cash Royalty Revenue Related to Sale of Future Royalties
In April 2016, Aviragen sold certain royalty rights related to Inavir in the Japanese market for $20.0 million to HealthCare Royalty Partners III, L.P. (“HCRP”). We pay HCRP the first $3 million plus 15% of the next $1 million of royalties earned in annual periods ending on March 31. At the time of the Merger, the estimated future benefit to HCRP was remeasured at fair value and was estimated to be $15.9 million, which we account for as a liability and amortize using the effective interest method over the remaining estimated life of the arrangement. The estimated future benefit was remeasured as of December 31, 2022, when the fair value was estimated to be $5.7 million, resulting in a revaluation gain of $7.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2022. Even though we do not retain the related royalties under the transaction, as the amounts are remitted to HCRP, we will continue to record revenue related to these royalties until the amount of the associated liability and related interest is fully amortized.
Grant Revenue
In November 2022, the Company ~~announced~~accepted a grant (the “BMGF Grant”) to perform research and development work for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (“BMGF”) and received $2.0 million in advance that ~~it had entered into~~ was recorded as restricted cash and deferred revenue. The Company received an additional $1.5 million in July 2023 upon completion of certain milestones. The Company recognizes revenue under research contracts only when a contract has been executed and the ~~Merger Agreement pursuant to~~contract price is fixed or determinable. Revenue from the BMGF Grant is recognized in the period during which ~~Vaxart,~~the related costs are incurred and the related services are rendered, provided that the applicable conditions under the contract have been met. Costs of contract revenue are recorded as a ~~privately-held clinical-stage company focused~~component of operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recognized revenue from the BMGF Grant of $1.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and $3.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, restricted cash and deferred revenue were $79,000 and $2.0 million, respectively.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses represent costs incurred on conducting research, such as developing ~~oral recombinant vaccines from its proprietary delivery~~our tablet vaccine platform, ~~would become a wholly-owned subsidiary~~and supporting preclinical and clinical development activities of our tablet vaccine candidates. We recognize all research and development costs as they are incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of the ~~Company. This transaction marks~~following:
●
employee-related expenses, which include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation;
●
expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations (“CROs”), that conduct clinical trials on our behalf;
●
expenses incurred under agreements with contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”), that manufacture product used in the clinical trials;
●
expenses incurred in procuring materials and for analytical and release testing services required to produce vaccine candidates used in clinical trials;
●
process development expenses incurred internally and externally to improve the efficiency and yield of the bulk vaccine and tablet manufacturing activities
●
laboratory supplies and vendor expenses related to preclinical research activities;
●
consultant expenses for services supporting our clinical, regulatory and manufacturing activities; and
●
facilities, depreciation and allocated overhead expenses.
We do not allocate our internal expenses to specific programs. Our employees and other internal resources are not directly tied to any one research program and are typically deployed across multiple projects. Internal research and development expenses are presented as one total.

We have incurred significant external costs for CROs that conduct clinical trials on our behalf, and for CMOs that manufacture our tablet vaccine candidates, although these costs have decreased since 2022 since we now perform the ~~culmination~~majority of our manufacturing activities in-house. We have captured these external costs for each vaccine program. We do not allocate external costs incurred on preclinical research or process development to specific programs.
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The following table shows our period-over-period research and development expenses, identifying external costs that were incurred in each of our vaccine programs and, separately, on preclinical research and process development (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2023

2022

2023

2022

External program costs:

Norovirus program
$ 1,648 $ 2,491 $ 9,065 $ 6,229
COVID-19 program
884 2,287 2,876 5,244
Other programs — 52 — 171
Preclinical research
68 317 698 1,267
Process development

103
634 887 1,820
Total external costs
2,703 5,781 13,526 14,731
Internal costs
12,299 16,685 39,911 45,864
Total research and development
$ 15,002 $ 22,466 $ 53,437 $ 60,595
We expect to incur significant research and development expenses in 2023 and beyond as we advance our tablet vaccine candidates into and through clinical trials, pursue regulatory approval of our tablet vaccine candidates and prepare for a possible commercial launch, all of which will also require a significant investment in manufacturing and inventory related costs. To the extent that we enter into licensing, partnering or collaboration agreements, a significant portion of such costs may be borne by third parties.
The process of conducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. We may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for our tablet vaccine candidates. The probability of successful commercialization of our tablet vaccine candidates may be affected by numerous factors, including clinical data obtained in future trials, competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. As a result, we are unable to determine the duration and completion costs of our research and development projects or when and to what extent we will generate revenue from the commercialization and sale of any of our tablet vaccine candidates.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expenses consist of personnel costs, insurance, allocated expenses and expenses for outside professional services, including legal, audit, accounting, public relations, market research and other consulting services. Personnel costs consist of salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation. Allocated expenses consist of rent, depreciation and other facilities related expenses.
Results of Operations
The following table presents period-over-period changes in selected items in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages):

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2023

2022

% Change

2023

2022

% Change

Revenue
$ 2,101 $ — 100 % $ 4,134 $ 85 *

Operating expenses
19,923 29,426 (32 )% 70,581 83,534 (16 )%

Operating loss
(17,822 ) (29,426 ) (39 )% (66,447 ) (83,449 ) (20 )%

Net non-operating income (expense)
461 133 * 1,444 (340 ) *

Loss before income taxes
(17,361 ) (29,293 ) (41 )% (65,003 ) (83,789 ) (22 )%

Provision for income taxes
39 16 *

87 51 71 %

Net loss
$ (17,400 ) $ (29,309 ) (41 )% $ (65,090 ) $ (83,840 ) (22 )%
* Percentages greater than 100% or not meaningful
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Total Revenue
The following table summarizes the period-over-period changes in our revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages):

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2023

2022

% Change

2023

2022

% Change

Non-cash royalty revenue related to sale of future royalties
$ 446 $ — 100
%
$ 754 $ 85 *

Grant revenue
1,655 — 100
%
$ 3,380 $ — 100 %
Total revenue
$ 2,101 $ — 100
%
$ 4,134 $ 85 *
* Percentages greater than 100% or not meaningful
Non-cash Royalty Revenue Related to Sale of Future Royalties
Non-cash royalty revenue related to sale of future royalties for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was $0.4 million and nil, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was $0.8 million and $85,000, respectively. The increase was due to an increase in sales of Inavir in Japan. Non-cash royalty revenue of up to $3.3 million may be earned each year ending March 31. The Company’s royalty revenue is seasonal, in line with the flu season, so the majority of the Company’s ~~Strategic Review process which was initiated in April. The Merger will result in a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company focused on developing Vaxart’s oral recombinant vaccines~~royalty revenue and ~~our direct-acting antivirals~~non-cash royalty revenue related to ~~treat infections that have limited therapeutic options. We believe Vaxart’s oral tablet vaccines have~~ the ~~potential to be major products~~sale of future royalties are earned in the ~~worldwide vaccine market.~~first and fourth fiscal quarters.
Grant Revenue

The ~~exchange ratio~~Company recognized revenue from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant of $1.7 million and $3.4 million in the ~~merger agreement was determined~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
Total Operating Expenses
The following table summarizes the period-over-period changes in our operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages):

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2023

2022

% Change

2023

2022

% Change

Research and development
$ 15,002 $ 22,466 (33
)%
$ 53,437 $ 60,595 (12
)%
General and administrative
4,921 6,960 (29
)%
17,144 22,939 (25
)%
Total operating expenses
$ 19,923 $ 29,426 (32
)%
$ 70,581 $ 83,534 (16
)%
Research and Development
For the three months ended September 30,2023, research and development expenses decreased by ~~Vaxart assigning $60,000,000 in value to Aviragen for its financial and clinical assets, and $90,000,000 in value for its own assets.~~ ~~On a pro forma basis after giving effect~~$7.5 million, or 33%, compared to the ~~number~~three months ended September 30,2022. The decrease is primarily due to decreases in manufacturing costs, personnel related costs and clinical trial expenses related to our COVID-19 vaccine candidates, partially offset by increased depreciation.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, research and development expenses decreased by $7.2 million, or 12%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease is primarily due to decreases in manufacturing costs, personnel related costs and clinical trial expenses related to our COVID-19 vaccine candidates, partially offset by increased facilities and depreciation expense and increased clinical trial expenses related to our norovirus vaccine candidates.
General and Administrative
For the three months ended September 30, 2023, general and administrative expenses decreased by $2.0 million, or 29%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in legal and professional fees, directors' and officers' insurance and personnel related costs, partially offset by an increase in personnel stock-based costs.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, general and administrative expenses decreased by $5.8 million, or 25%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in litigation settlement cost, legal and professional fees, directors' and officers' insurance and personnel related costs, partially offset by an increase in personnel stock-based costs.
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Non-Operating Income (Expense)
The following table summarizes the period-over-period changes in our non-operating income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands, except percentages):

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2023

2022

% Change

2023

2022

% Change

Interest income
$ 723 $ 458 58
%
$ 2,076 $ 650 *
Non-cash interest expense related to sale of future royalties
(207 ) (325 ) 36
%
(573 ) (988 ) 42
%
Other expense, net
(55 ) — * (59 ) (2 ) *
Net non-operating income (expense)
$ 461 $ 133 * $ 1,444 $ (340 ) *
* Percentages greater than 100% or not meaningful
For the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded interest income of $0.7 million, a 58% increase from the $0.5 million interest income recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded interest income of $2.1 million, a 219% increase from the $0.7 million interest income recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase is due to an increase in interest rates on our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities.
Non-cash interest expense related to sale of future royalties, which relates to accounting for sums that will become payable to HCRP for royalty revenue earned from Inavir as debt, was $0.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, down from the $0.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022, and $0.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, down from the $1.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as the outstanding balance due to HCRP has been paid down and remeasured. We project a further reduction in 2023 following the December 2022 revaluation of our liability to HCRP.
Provision for Income Taxes
The following table summarizes the period-over-period changes in our provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands, except percentages):

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2023

2022

% Change

2023

2022

% Change

Foreign withholding tax on royalty revenue
$ 23 $ — 100 % $ 38 $ 4 *
Foreign taxes payable on intercompany interest
16 16 —
%
46 45 2 %
State income taxes
— — — % 3 2 50 %
Provision for income taxes
$ 39 $ 16 * $ 87 $ 51 71 %
* Percentages greater than 100% or not meaningful
The provision for income taxes was $39,000 and $16,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $87,000 and $51,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The tax charge relates primarily to interest on an intercompany loan from a foreign subsidiary and a 5% withholding tax on royalty revenue earned on sales of Inavir in Japan, which is potentially recoverable as a foreign tax credit but expensed because we record a 100% valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. The amount of income tax expense recorded is directly proportional to Inavir royalties, including the portion that we pass through to HCRP.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary source of financing is from the sale and issuance of common stock and common stock warrants in public offerings, along with proceeds from the exercise of warrants. In the past, we have also obtained funds from the issuance of secured debt and preferred stock and from collaboration agreements.
In June 2023, Vaxart completed an underwritten public offering (the “June 2023 Offering”) in which 16,000,000 shares of its common stock were sold at an offering price of $0.8680 per share. The net proceeds from the June 2023 Offering were $13.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commission and estimated offering expenses payable by Vaxart.
In September 2021, we entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “September 2021 ATM”), under which we may offer and sell, from time to time through sales agents, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $100 million. We will incur direct expenses and pay sales commissions of up to 3.0% of gross proceeds from the sale of shares under the September 2021 ATM.
As of ~~Aviragen~~September 30, 2023, we had received net proceeds of $1.4 million from the sale of common stock under the September 2021 ATM and there is approximately $79.0 million in net proceeds still available to us. Since September 30, 2023, we have not raised any additional capital under the September 2021 ATM.
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As of September 30, 2023, we had approximately $53.0 million of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities. Our expectation is that we will ~~be issued~~continue to ~~Vaxart security holders~~generate operating losses and negative operating cash flows in the ~~Merger~~future and ~~assuming no adjustments~~the need for ~~cash balances~~additional funding to support our planned operations raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as ~~provided~~a going concern for ina period of one year after the ~~Merger Agreement, current Vaxart security holders will own approximately 60% of~~date that the combined company and current Aviragen security holders will own approximately 40% of the combined company. The transaction has been approved by the boards of directors of both companies. The Merger is expected to close in February 2018, subject to the approval of the stockholders of each company as well as other customary conditions.
~~At the end of the quarter, a small group of dissident stockholders, who call themselves the Concerned Aviragen Shareholders (“CAS”) Group, launched a proxy contest against the proposed merger with Vaxart and~~financial statements are seeking an opportunity to nominate individuals for election to the Company’s Board at our upcoming Annual Meeting. We continue to believe the proposed merger with Vaxart is the best possible strategic alternative, and together, Aviragen and Vaxart will have the potential to create meaningful value for stockholders.
~~CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES~~issued.

Management~~’s Discussion~~ intends on completing additional financing transactions in the next 12 months. The sale of additional equity would result in additional dilution to our stockholders. We may fund a significant portion of our ongoing operations through partnering and ~~Analysis~~collaboration agreements which, while reducing our risks and extending our cash runway, will also reduce our share of ~~Results~~eventual revenues, if any, from our vaccine candidates. We may be able to fund certain activities with assistance from government programs. We may also fund our operations through debt financing, which would result in debt service obligations, and the instruments governing such debt could provide for operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations.
However, due to several factors, including those outside management’s control, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to complete additional financing transactions. If we are unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on acceptable terms, management’s plans include further reducing or delaying operating expenses.
Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including the following:
●
the timing and costs of our planned preclinical studies for our product candidates;
●
the timing and costs of our planned clinical trials of our product candidates;
●
our manufacturing capabilities, including the availability of contract manufacturing organizations to supply our product candidates at reasonable cost;
●
the amount and timing of royalties received on sales of Inavir;
●
the number and characteristics of product candidates that we pursue;
●
the outcome, timing and costs of seeking regulatory approvals;
●
revenue received from commercial sales of our future products, which will be subject to receipt of regulatory approval;
●
the terms and timing of any future collaborations, licensing, consulting or other arrangements that we may enter into;
●
the amount and timing of any payments that may be required in connection with the licensing, filing, prosecution, maintenance, defense and enforcement of any patents or patent applications or other intellectual property rights;
●
our ability to stay listed on Nasdaq; and
●
the extent to which we in-license or acquire other products and technologies.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2023

2022

Net cash used in operating activities
$ (56,932 ) $ (65,627 )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
28,848 (36,216 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
15,309 8,866

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$ (12,775 ) $ (92,977 )
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
We experienced negative cash flow from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, in the amounts of ~~Operations discusses~~$56.9 million and $65.6 million, respectively. The cash used in operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was due to cash used to fund a net loss of $65.1 million and a decrease in working capital of $8.4 million, partially offset by adjustments for net non-cash income related to depreciation and amortization, amortization of discount on investments, net, stock-based compensation, non-cash interest expense related to sale of future royalties and non-cash revenue related to sale of future royalties totaling $16.5 million. The cash used in operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was due to cash used to fund a net loss of $83.8 million and a decrease in working capital of $3.3 million, further decreased by adjustments for net non-cash income related to depreciation and amortization, amortization of discount on investments, net, stock-based compensation, non-cash interest expense related to sale of future royalties and non-cash revenue related to sale of future royalties totaling $14.9 million.
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Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
In the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we received $30.7 million from maturities of marketable securities, net of purchases, and used $1.9 million to purchase property and equipment, net of disposals. In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we used $25.5 million to purchase marketable securities, net of maturities, $5.7 million to purchase property and equipment and $5.0 million to pay for right-of-use assets.
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
In the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we received net proceeds of $13.6 million from the sale of 16,000,000 shares of our ~~financial results, which (except~~common stock, $1.4 million from the sale of common stock under the September 2021 ATM and $0.3 million from the issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan. In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we received $8.7 million from the sale of common stock under the September 2021 ATM and $0.2 million from the exercise of stock options and warrants.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
We have the following contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):
Contractual Obligation

Total

< 1 Year

2 - 3 Years

4 - 5 Years

> 5 Years

Long Term Debt, HCRP
$ 10,021 1,342 2,435 3,867 2,377
Operating Leases
26,716 1,043 8,696 10,180 6,797
Purchase Obligations
4,792 4,792 — — —
Total
$ 41,529 7,177 11,131 14,047 9,174
Long Term Debt, HCRP. Under an agreement executed in 2016, we are obligated to pay HCRP the first $3 million plus 15% of the next $1 million of royalty revenues that we earn for sales of Inavir in each year ending on March 31. See Note 6 to the ~~extent described~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 for further details.
Operating leases. Operating lease amounts include future minimum lease payments under all our non-cancellable operating leases with an initial term in excess of one year. See Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 for further details of leases.
Purchase obligations. These amounts include an estimate of all open purchase orders and contractual obligations in the ~~Notes thereto)~~ordinary course of business, including commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers for which we have not received the goods or services. We consider all open purchase orders, which are generally enforceable and legally binding, to be commitments, although the terms may afford us the option to cancel based on our business needs prior to the delivery of goods or performance of services.
Share-based payment arrangements. Beginning in 2022, we shifted from awarding only options to issuing a mixture of options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to our employees. As of September 30, 2023, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to outstanding unvested stock options and RSUs expected to vest was $21.3 million, which the Company expects to recognize over an estimated weighted average period of 2.24 years. See Note 10 for further details on stock-based compensation expense recognized.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been ~~presented~~prepared in accordance with ~~U.S.~~ generally accepted accounting principles ~~(“U.S. GAAP”).~~in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and ~~assumptions~~judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, ~~and~~ liabilities and ~~the disclosure of contingent assets~~expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates and ~~liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.~~
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judgments. We base our estimates ~~and judgments~~ on historical experience ~~current economic~~ and ~~industry conditions, and~~on various ~~other factors~~assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. ~~This forms~~These estimates and assumptions form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these ~~estimates under different assumptions or conditions.~~estimates. We believe ~~there have been no changes to our critical~~that the accounting policies ~~that require~~discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant ~~judgment~~areas involving management’s judgments and estimates.
Accrued Research and Development Expenses
We record accrued expenses for estimated costs of research and development activities conducted by third-party service providers, which include the conduct of preclinical studies and clinical trials, and contract manufacturing activities. We record the estimated costs of research and development activities based upon the estimated amount of services provided and include the costs incurred but not yet invoiced within other accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and within research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. These costs can be a significant component of our research and development expenses.
We estimate the amount of work completed through discussions with internal personnel and external service providers as to the progress or stage of completion of the services and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services. We make significant judgments and estimates ~~as discussed~~ in ~~detail~~determining the accrued balance in each reporting period. As actual costs become known, we adjust our ~~2017 annual 10-K filing:~~accrued estimates.

•
~~Use of estimates~~
•
~~Revenue recognition~~
•
~~Accrued expenses~~
•
~~Share-based compensation~~
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~~For~~Intangible Assets
Intangible assets acquired in the Merger were initially recorded at their estimated fair values of $20.3 million for developed technology related to Inavir which was, until it was revalued, being amortized on a ~~description~~straight-line basis over the estimated period of ~~recent~~future royalties of 11.75 years and $1.8 million for the developed technology related to Relenza which was fully amortized as of December 31, 2022. The developed technology related to Inavir was revalued at $5.0 million as of December 31, 2022, resulting in an impairment loss of $4.3 million being recorded. These valuations were prepared by an independent third party based on discounted cash flows of estimated future revenue streams, which are highly subjective. The fair value, as reassessed as of December 31, 2022, is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining period of future royalties of 6.1 years.
Stock-Based Compensation
We measure the fair value of all stock option awards to employees, non-executive directors and consultants on the grant date, and record the fair value of these awards, net of estimated forfeitures, as compensation expense over the service period. The fair value of options is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model and the expense recorded is affected by subjective assumptions regarding a number of variables, as follows:
Expected term – This represents the period that our stock-based awards granted are expected to be outstanding and is determined using the simplified method (the arithmetic average of its original contractual term and its average vesting term). We have very limited historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior for our stock-based awards. Based on the weighted average applied to options awarded in nine months ended September 30, 2023, a notional 10% decrease in expected term would have reduced the fair value and the related compensation expense by approximately 2%.
Expected volatility – This is a measure of the amount by which our common stock price has fluctuated or is expected to fluctuate. Since the beginning of 2020 we have measured volatility based on the historical volatility of our own stock over the retrospective period corresponding to the expected term of the options on the measurement date. Based on the weighted average applied to options awarded in nine months ended September 30, 2023, a notional 10% decrease in expected volatility (from 128% to 115%) would have reduced the fair value and the related compensation expense by approximately 4%.
Risk-free interest rate – This is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve on the measurement date corresponding with the expected term of the stock-based awards.
Expected dividend – We have not made any dividend payments and do not plan to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, we use an expected dividend yield of zero.
Forfeiture rate – This is a measure of the number of awards that are expected to not vest and is reassessed quarterly. An increase in the estimated forfeiture rate will cause a small decrease in the related compensation expense early in the service period, but since the final expense recorded for each award is the number of options vested times their grant date fair value, it has no impact on the total expense recorded.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See the “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 for information related to the issuance of new accounting ~~policies and~~standards in the first nine months of 2023, none of which had a material impact on our ~~financial statements, refer to Note 2 in the~~ condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
~~Results~~
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investments in marketable debt securities. The primary objective of ~~Operations~~our investment activities is to preserve principal, maintain liquidity that is sufficient to meet cash needs and maximize total return without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this goal, we maintain our excess cash and cash equivalents in money market funds and debt securities. We do not enter into investments for ~~the Three months ended~~ ~~December 31~~~~, 2017~~trading or speculative purposes and ~~December 31~~~~, 2016~~we hold no equity securities. We presently have no borrowings or lines of credit.
~~Summary.~~ ~~For the three months ended December 31, 2017,~~Specifically, as of September 30, 2023, we ~~reported a net loss~~had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments of ~~$3.4~~approximately $53.0 million, ~~as compared to a net loss~~which consist of ~~$9.1 million in the same period~~bank deposits, money market funds, direct obligations of the ~~prior fiscal year. Basic~~U.S. government or its agencies, commercial paper and diluted net loss per share was $0.09 for the three month period ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a basic and diluted net loss per share of $0.24 in the same period of 2016. The following commentary provides details underlying changes from last year in the major line itemscorporate bonds. All of our ~~statement~~investments must satisfy high credit rating requirements at the time of ~~operations:~~
~~Revenue.~~ ~~Revenue decreased~~purchase. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk, however, because our investments are rated highly and mostly short-term, we believe that our exposure to ~~$2.7 million for the three month periods ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $3.8 million in the same period in 2016, mostly~~risk of loss due to a decrease in our Relenza royalties. Relenza revenue declined to zero in the three months ended December 31, 2017 from $1.5 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year due to the cessation of royalties on U.S. sales at the end of 2016 and the unfavorable impact of a returns adjustment in the current quarter. The following table summarizes the key components of our revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

Three Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

(in millions)

Royalty revenue - Relenza^®
$ - $ 1.5
Non-cash royalty revenue related to the sale of future royalties
2.7 2.3
Total revenue
$ 2.7 $ 3.8
~~Research and Development Expense.~~ Research and development expense decreased to $2.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017 from $10.2 million for the same period in 2016. The following table summarizes the components of our research and development expense for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.interest rate changes is not significant.

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Three Months Ended December 31,

(in millions)

2017

2016

Direct preclinical, clinical and product development expenses
$ 1.4 $ 9.0
Salaries, severance and share-based compensation expenses
1.1 1.1
Depreciation and facility related expenses
- 0.1
Total research and development expense
$ 2.5 $ 10.2

Direct preclinical, clinical and product development expense decreased largely due to reduced clinical trial activity and manufacturing costs, as two of our three Phase 2 clinical trials came to a close at the end of the prior fiscal year. Salaries, severance and share-based compensation expenses did not change as compared to the same period in 2016, as decreases due to reductions in personnel in the last quarter of the prior fiscal year were offset by severance expense for employees terminated in the current quarter.Exchange Rate Sensitivity

~~General and Administrative Expense.~~ ~~General and administrative expense increased to $3.1 million for~~Our royalty revenue, which is calculated in U.S. dollars, is based on sales in Japanese yen, so a 1% increase in the three months ended December 31, 2017 from $2.1 million for the same period in 2016, largely due to legal and professional fees related to the proposed merger with Vaxart announced in October 2017 and severance due to a reduction in personnel. The following table summarizes the componentsstrength of ~~our general and administrative expense for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.~~

Three Months Ended December 31,

(in millions)

2017

2016

Salaries, benefits and share-based compensation expenses
$ 1.2 $ 1.1
Professional and legal fees expenses
1.4 0.4
Other expenses
0.5 0.6
Total general and administrative expense
$ 3.1 $ 2.1
~~Foreign Exchange Loss~~ (~~Gain),~~~~net.~~ ~~The impact of foreign exchange changed from a loss of $0.1 million in December 31, 2016 to no gain or loss for three months ended December 31, 2017.~~ ~~The positive impact on foreign exchange on our statement of operations was due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates versus~~ the U.S. dollar ~~largely related~~against the yen would lead to ~~the British Pound~~a 1% reduction in royalty revenue. All our other revenue and ~~Australian dollar. The vast majority of our cash holdings are held in the U.S. dollar. We re-measure~~substantially all of our ~~foreign~~expenses, assets and liabilities ~~at the period-end exchange rate~~are denominated in U.S. dollars and, ~~the net effect of these translation adjustments is shown~~ as a result, we have not experienced significant foreign ~~currency loss~~exchange gains or ~~gain.~~
~~Results of Operations for the~~ ~~Six~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~December 31~~~~, 2017~~losses recently and ~~December 31~~~~, 2016~~
~~Summary.~~ ~~For the six months ended December 31, 2017, we reported a net loss of $8.7 million, as compared to a net loss of $19.1 million~~do not anticipate that foreign exchange gains or losses will be significant in the same period of the prior fiscal year. Basic and diluted net loss per share was $0.23 for the six month period ended December 31, 2017, as compared to a basic and diluted net loss per share of $0.49 in the same period of 2016. The following commentary provides details underlying changes from last year in the major line items of our statement of operations:
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~~Revenue.~~ Revenue decreased to $2.8 million for the six month periods ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $3.9 million in the same period in 2016, mostly due to a decrease in our Relenza royalties. Relenza revenue declined to zero in the six months ended December 31, 2017 from $1.6 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year due to the cessation of royalties on U.S. sales at the end of 2016 and the unfavorable impact of a returns adjustment in the current year. The following table summarizes the key components of our revenue for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:   near future.

Six Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

(in millions)

Royalty revenue - Relenza^®
$ - $ 1.6
Non-cash royalty revenue related to the sale of future royalties
2.8 2.3
Total revenue
$ 2.8 $ 3.9
~~Research and Development Expense.~~ Research and development expense decreased to $5.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 from $17.8 million for the same period in 2016. The following table summarizes the components of our research and development expense for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Six Months Ended December 31,

(in millions)

2017

2016

Direct preclinical, clinical and product development expenses
$ 3.3 $ 15.4
Salaries, severance and share-based compensation expenses
1.9 2.2
Depreciation and facility related expenses
0.1 0.2
Total research and development expense
$ 5.3 $ 17.8
Direct preclinical, clinical and product development expense decreased largely due to reduced clinical trial activity and manufacturing costs, as two of our three Phase 2 clinical trials came to a close at the end of the prior fiscal year. Salaries, severance and share-based compensation expenses decreased compared to the same period in 2016 due to a reduction in personnel in the last quarter of the prior fiscal year, partially offset by severance expense for employees terminated in the current year.
~~General and Administrative Expense.~~ General and administrative expense increased to $5.4 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 from $4.3 million for the same period in 2016, largely due to legal and professional fees related to the proposed merger with Vaxart announced in October 2017 and severance due to a reduction in personnel. The following table summarizes the components of our general and administrative expense for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Six Months Ended December 31,

(in millions)

2017

2016

Salaries, benefits and share-based compensation expenses
$ 2.3 $ 2.0
Professional and legal fees expenses
2.0 1.1
Other expenses
1.1 1.2
Total general and administrative expense
$ 5.4 $ 4.3
~~LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES~~
~~For the~~ ~~six months ended December 31, 2017, cash and cash equivalents increased by $11.7 million. This increase was primarily the result of the maturities of our short-term investments.~~
~~Net cash used by operating activities was $~~9.2 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, which reflected our net loss during the period of $8.7 million, a net decrease in a net operating assets of $0.5 million and a decrease in operating liabilities of $0.1 million, partially offset by net non-cash adjustments of $1.1 million. Non-cash adjustments consist of $2.7 million in non-cash royalty income, net of withholding taxes, partially offset by $0.8 million in non-cash interest expense and $0.8 million in share-based compensation expense.
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~~Our net loss resulted largely from our funding of research and development activities including conducting~~ the CT4 clinical trial for BTA074 (teslexivir), as well as ongoing general and administrative expenses including legal and professional fees related to the proposed merger with Vaxart. The net changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily reflects a $0.1 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued expense due to reduced clinical trial activity, offset by a $0.2 million decrease in prepaid expenses, also due to reduced clinical trial activity and a $0.3 million decrease in cash receivables primarily related to receipt of a research and development tax credit.
~~Net cash~~ provided by investing activities during the six months ended December 31, 2017 consisted of the maturity of $27.9 million of investments, partially offset by the purchase of $7.0 million of investments.
At December 31, 2017, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $29.4 million. Our cash and cash equivalents are currently held in the form of short-term deposits with large U.S. banks, commercial paper and highly-rated corporate securities.
~~Based on our current strategy and operating plan, and considering the potential costs associated with advancing the preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates, we~~ believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents of approximately $29.4 million as of December 31, 2017, along with the anticipated proceeds from existing royalty-bearing licenses will enable us to operate for a period of at least 12 months from the date of this report.
We have an ATM facility in place, which may allow us to quickly access the equity capital markets if we think it is prudent to do so and if market conditions allow. However, we currently do not have any commitments for future funding, nor do we anticipate that we will generate significant revenue, aside from revenue from existing royalty-bearing arrangements.
~~Contractual and Commercial Commitments~~
~~There have been no material changes from the information included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended~~ ~~June 30, 2017.~~
~~Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements~~
~~We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item~~ ~~303(a)(4) (ii) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.~~

~~ITEM 3:~~ ~~Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk~~
~~There has been no material change in our assessment of sensitivity to market risk since our presentation set forth in~~ Item ~~7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in the our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended~~ ~~June 30, 2017.~~
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~~ITEM~~ 4:4.  Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, ~~including~~with the participation of our ~~Chief Executive Officer~~principal executive officer and ~~Chief Financial Officer,~~principal accounting and financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this ~~report.~~Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on ~~that~~such evaluation, our ~~Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer~~management has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of ~~the end of the period covered by this~~ ~~report.~~September 30, 2023.

Changes in Internal ~~Controls~~Control over Financial Reporting

There ~~has been~~was no material change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended ~~December 31, 2017~~September 30, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal accounting and financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within Vaxart have been detected.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

~~ITEM~~Item 1.  ~~LEGAL PROCEEDINGS~~Legal Proceedings

The ~~Company~~information included in “Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies—(c) Litigation” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 is incorporated by reference into this Item.
We may also from time to time be involved in ~~various~~ legal proceedings arising in connection with our business. Based on information currently available, we believe that the amount, or range, of reasonably possible losses in connection with any pending actions against us in excess of established reserves, in the aggregate, is not material to our consolidated financial condition or cash flows. However, any current or future dispute resolution or legal proceeding, regardless of the merits of any such proceeding, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources that are ~~incidental~~needed to ~~the conduct of its business. The Company is not involved in any pending or threatened legal proceedings that it believes~~run our business successfully, and could ~~reasonably be expected to~~ have a material adverse ~~effect~~impact on ~~its~~our business, financial condition orand results of operations.

~~ITEM~~Item 1A.  ~~RISK FACTORS~~Risk Factors

~~Any investment in our business involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, you~~You should ~~carefully~~ consider the risks and uncertainties described under Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, which we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2023, together with all other information ~~we include~~contained or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, ~~including~~when evaluating our ~~condensed consolidated financial statements~~business and ~~accompanying notes, and~~our prospects. There are no material changes to the ~~additional information~~risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the ~~other reports we file~~year ended December 31, 2022. We have marked with ~~the Securities and Exchange Commission along with~~an asterisk (*) those risks described below that reflect additions to the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the ~~fiscal~~ year ended ~~June~~December 31, 2022.
* Our recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows have raised substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. We will require substantial additional funding to finance our operations, and if we are unable to raise capital, we could be forced to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate certain of our development programs, or explore other strategic options.
Our recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. As of September 30, ~~2017~~2023, we had $53.0 million of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments. We believe these funds are sufficient to fund our operations into the third quarter of 2024.
Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to raise additional capital through outside sources. We plan to raise additional capital through the sale of convertible stock, additional equity, debt financings or strategic alliances with third parties. Such financing and funding may not be available at all, or on terms that are favorable to us. Failure to raise additional capital could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or our ability to fund our scheduled obligations on a timely basis or at all.
If we are unable to continue as a going concern, we may be forced to liquidate our assets and the values we receive for our assets in liquidation or dissolution could be significantly lower than the values reflected in our financial statements.
* Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market could result in a delisting of our common stock.
Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, which imposes, among other requirements, a $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). Our common stock traded for less than $1.00 for 30 consecutive trading days, and we received notice of this from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market on July 21, 2023. Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were granted a 180-calendar day grace period, or until January 17, 2024, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. The minimum bid price requirement would be met if our common stock had a minimum closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during the 180-calendar day grace period. If at any time during this 180-calendar day period the bid price of the Company’s common stock closes at or above $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days, the Nasdaq staff stated that it will provide the Company ~~is also~~with a written confirmation of compliance and the matter will be closed. However, under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Nasdaq staff may exercise its discretion to extend this ten-day period as discussed in Rule 5810(c)(3)(H).
Alternatively, if we fail to regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2) prior to the expiration of the initial 180-calendar day period, we may be eligible for an additional 180-calendar day compliance period, provided (i) we meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other applicable requirements for initial listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (except for the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement) and (ii) we provide written notice to Nasdaq of our intention to cure this deficiency during the second compliance period by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. In the event we do not regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2) prior to the expiration of the initial 180-calendar day period, and if it appears to the Staff that we will not be able to cure the deficiency, or if we are not otherwise eligible, the Staff stated that it will provide us with written notification that our securities are subject to delisting from The Nasdaq Capital Market. At that time, we may appeal the ~~risk factors set forth under the captions “Risks Related~~delisting determination to ~~the Merger,” “Risks Related~~a Hearings Panel. There can be no assurance that we will be able to ~~Aviragen” and “Risks Related~~regain compliance or that Nasdaq will grant us a further extension of time to ~~the Combined Company”~~regain compliance, if necessary.
The delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq may make it more difficult for us to raise capital on favorable terms in the ~~Prospectus~~future, or at all. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair our stockholders’ ability to sell or purchase our common stock when they wish to do so. Further, if our common stock were to be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market, our common stock would cease to be recognized as a covered security and we would be subject to additional regulation in each state in which we offer our securities. Moreover, there is no assurance that ~~is part of the Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-222009), as amended, filed~~any actions that we take to restore our compliance with the ~~Securities~~Nasdaq minimum bid requirement would stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from falling below the Nasdaq minimum bid price required for continued listing again, or prevent future non-compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements.
There can be no assurance that we will continue to meet the minimum bid price requirement, or any other requirement in the future. If we fail to meet the minimum bid price requirement, or other applicable Nasdaq listing requirements, including maintaining minimum levels of stockholders’ equity or market values of our common stock, our common stock could be delisted. If our common stock were to be delisted, the liquidity of our common stock would be adversely affected, and ~~Exchange Commission by the Company and declared effective on December 29, 2017.~~ ~~We have also described below those risks that reflect substantive changes from, or additions to, the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and Form S-4, as amended, referred to above.~~ ~~These risks may result in material harm to our business and our financial condition and results of operations. In this event,~~ the market price of our common stock ~~may decline and you~~ could ~~lose part or all of your investment.~~decrease.

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~~We may~~* Unless our common stock continues to be listed on a national securities exchange it will become subject to the ~~actions of activist shareholders~~so-called “penny stock”. rules that impose restrictive sales practice requirements.

WeIf we are unable to maintain the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange, our common stock could become subject to the so-called “penny stock” rules if the shares have ~~been~~a market value of less than $5.00 per share. The SEC has adopted regulations that define a penny stock to include any stock that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions, including an exception for stock traded on a national securities exchange. The SEC regulations impose restrictive sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell penny stocks to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors” as defined by relevant SEC rules. These additional requirements may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in securities that are classified as penny stocks, which could severely limit the ~~subject~~market price and liquidity of ~~increased activity by activist shareholders, including Digirad Corporation, East Hill Management Company, LLC, Thomas M. Clay, and certain other investors~~ (collectively, the “Activist Group”). Responding to shareholder activism can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations and divert the attention of management and our employees. Activist campaigns, including the Activist Group’s ongoing campaign against our proposed transaction with Vaxartsuch securities and the ~~Activist Group’s notice~~ability of ~~its intention~~purchasers to nominate a competing director slate for election at our annual stockholder meeting scheduled for April 11, 2018, can create uncertainties as to our future direction, strategy and leadership and may resultsell such securities in the ~~loss~~secondary market. This means that if we are unable to maintain the listing of ~~potential business opportunities and cause~~ our common stock ~~price~~on a national securities exchange, the ability of stockholders to experience periods of volatility. Moreover, if individuals are elected to our board of directors with a specific agenda, our ability to effectively and timely implement our current initiatives, retain and attract experienced executives and employees and execute on our current business strategy maysell their common stock in the secondary market could be adversely affected.
If a transaction involving a penny stock is not exempt from the SEC’s rule, a broker-dealer must deliver a disclosure schedule relating to the penny stock market to each investor prior to a transaction. The broker-dealer also must disclose the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and its registered representative, current quotations for the penny stock, and, if the broker-dealer is the sole market-maker, the broker-dealer must disclose this fact and the broker-dealer’s presumed control over the market. Finally, monthly statements must be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock held in the customer’s account and information on the limited market in penny stocks.

~~ITEM~~Item 2. ~~UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS~~
~~None.~~
~~ITEM~~ ~~3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES~~Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Not applicable.

~~ITEM~~ ~~4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE~~Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

~~ITEM~~ ~~5. OTHER INFORMATION~~Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

~~None.~~Not applicable.

~~ITEM 6.~~ ~~EXHIBITS~~Item 5. Other Information

~~The exhibits to this report are listed in the Exhibit Index, which is incorporated into this Item 6 by reference.~~Not applicable.

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Item 6.  Exhibits

Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit
Number
Description of Document
Schedule/Form
File
Number
Exhibit
Filing Date

3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc. Form 10-K 001-35285 3.1 September 13, 2016

3.2 Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc. Form 8-K 001-35285 3.1 February 20, 2018

3.3 Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vaxart, Inc. Form 8-K 001-35285 3.2 February 20, 2018

3.4 Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vaxart, Inc. Form 8-K 001-35285 3.1 April 24, 2019

3.5 Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vaxart, Inc. Form 8-K 001-35285 3.1 June 9, 2020

3.6 Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vaxart, Inc. Form 10-Q 001-35285 3.3 August 8, 2022

3.7 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Vaxart, Inc., effective as of October 18, 2023 Form 8-K 001-35285 3.1 October 23, 2023

31.1 *
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule, 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2 * Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule, 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1 § Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS *
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH * Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL * Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF * Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB * Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE * Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* Filed herewith.
§
In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release Nos. 33-8238 and 34-47986, Final Rule: Management’s Reports on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports, the certification furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto is deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.
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Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

~~Aviragen Therapeutics~~~~, Inc.~~
~~Date:~~ ~~February 6, 2018~~
~~By:~~
~~/s/ Joseph M. Patti~~
~~Joseph M. Patti~~
~~Chief Executive Officer~~
~~(Principal Executive Officer)~~
~~By:~~
~~/s/ Mark~~ ~~P. Colonnese~~
~~Mark P. Colonnese~~
~~Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer~~
~~(Principal Financial Officer)~~
22
~~Table of Contents~~
~~EXHIBIT INDEX~~

VAXART, INC.
~~Filed~~
~~Incorporation by Reference~~
~~Exhibit~~
~~Number~~
~~Exhibit Title~~
~~with~~
~~this~~
~~Form~~
~~10-Q~~
~~Form~~
~~File No.~~
~~Date Filed~~

Dated: November 2, 2023 By:  /s/ ANDREI FLOROIU
Andrei Floroiu
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

~~2.1~~Dated: November 2, 2023

~~Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated October 27, 2017, by and among Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc., Vaxart, Inc. and Agora Merger Sub, Inc.~~By:  /s/ PHILLIP LEE

~~8-K~~
~~001-35285~~
~~171160761~~
~~10-30-2017~~

~~2.2~~Phillip Lee

~~Form of Support Agreement, by and between Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc., Agora Merger Sub, Inc., Vaxart, Inc. and certain of Vaxart, Inc.’s directors, officers and stockholders.~~
~~8-K~~
~~001-35285~~
~~171160761~~
~~10-30-2017~~

~~2.3~~Chief Financial Officer

~~Form of Support Agreement, by and between Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc., Agora Merger Sub, Inc., Vaxart, Inc. and Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc.’s directors and officers.~~
~~8-K~~
~~001-35285~~
~~171160761~~
~~10-30-2017~~

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

31.1*
~~Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule~~ ~~13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended~~
X
31.2*
~~Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended~~
X
32.1*
~~Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. §1350~~
X
~~101~~
~~The following financial information from the Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended~~ December 31, 2017 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three months, (iii) the Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
X

*      This certification is being furnished solely to accompany this quarterly report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc., whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
23
29

	170 Harbor Way, Suite 300, South San Francisco, CA 94080		(650) 550-3500
	(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)		(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

	Title of each class		Trading symbol		Name of each exchange on which registered
	Common Stock, $0.0001 par value		VXRT		The Nasdaq Capital Market

Large accelerated filer	☐		Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	☑	Smaller reporting company ☑	☒

Emerging growth company	☐

	December 31, 2017			June 30, 2017

ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	29.4		$	17.7
Short-term investments		-			20.9
Accounts receivable, net of allowance		2.5			0.6
Prepaid and other current assets		0.5			0.7
Total current assets		32.4			39.9
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net		0.2			0.2
Total assets	$	32.6		$	40.1

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1.7		$	1.4
Accrued expenses		2.5			2.9
Short-term note payable		0.3			0.2
Liability related to sale of future royalties, current portion		1.2			1.4
Total current liabilities		5.7			5.9
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term note payable, net of current portion		-			0.1
Liability related to sale of future royalties, net of current portion		16.0			15.3
Other long-term liabilities, net of current portion		0.1			0.1
Total liabilities		21.8			21.4

Commitments and contingencies		-			-
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding		-			-
Common stock, $0.10 par value: 200,000,000 shares authorized; 38,649,237 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017		3.9			3.9
Additional paid-in capital		160.4			159.6
Accumulated other comprehensive income	19.0			19.0
Accumulated deficit		(172.5	)		(163.8	)
Total stockholders’ equity		10.8			18.7
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	32.6		$	40.1

	*September 30, 2023*			*December 31, 2022*
Assets
Current assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	33,238		$	46,013
Short-term investments		19,799			49,704
Accounts receivable		424			20
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,639			3,714

Total current assets		57,100			99,451

Property and equipment, net		12,926			15,585
Right-of-use assets, net		25,753			25,715
Intangible assets, net		4,472			5,020
Goodwill		4,508			4,508
Other long-term assets		883			3,568

Total assets	$	105,642		$	153,847

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,339		$	5,514
Deferred grant revenue		79			2,000
Other accrued current liabilities		5,991			8,084
Current portion of operating lease liability		2.517			2,228
Current portion of liability related to sale of future royalties		1,342			95

Total current liabilities		11,268			17,921

Operating lease liability, net of current portion		17,942			19,477
Liability related to sale of future royalties, net of current portion		4,633			5,621
Other long-term liabilities		278			231

Total liabilities		34,121			43,250

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock: $0.0001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—			—
Common stock: $0.0001 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 152,081,196 shares issued and 152,037,358 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and 134,199,429 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022		15			13
Additional paid-in capital		463,755			437,992
Treasury stock at cost, 43,838 shares as of September 30, 2023 and none as of December 31, 2022, respectively		(39	)		—
Accumulated deficit		(392,199	)		(327,109	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(11	)		(299	)

Total stockholders’ equity		71,521			110,597

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	105,642		$	153,847

		~~For the transition period from~~ toVaxart, Inc.
	(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

				Page
Part I	~~PART I:~~ FINANCIAL INFORMATION			1

		Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
~~Item~~ ~~1. Financial Statements~~
			Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, ~~2017 and June 30, 2017 (unaudited)~~2022	3 1

			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the ~~Three~~three and ~~Six Months Ended December 31, 2017~~nine months ended September 30, 2023 and ~~2016 (unaudited)~~2022	4 2

			Condensed Consolidated ~~Statement~~Statements of ~~Stockholders~~’Stockholders’ Equity for the ~~Six Months~~three and nine months ended ~~December 31, 2017 (unaudited)~~September 30, 2023 and 2022	5 3

			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~Six Months Ended December 31, 2017~~nine months ended September 30, 2023 and ~~2016 (unaudited)~~2022	6 5

			Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ~~(unaudited)~~	7 6

		Item 2.
~~Item 2.~~ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	14 15

		Item 3.
~~Item 3.~~ Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	24

		19Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	25


Part II
~~Item 4.~~ ~~Controls and Procedures~~	20


~~PART II:~~ OTHER INFORMATION	21 26

		Item 1.
~~Item 1.~~ Legal Proceedings	21 26

		Item 1A.	Risk Factors	21 26

		Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	21 27

		Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	21 27

		Item 4.	Mine Safety ~~Disclosure~~Disclosures	21 27

		Item 5.	Other Information	27

		21Item 6.	Exhibits	28

~~Item 6.~~ ~~Exhibits~~SIGNATURES			21	29
~~Signatures~~	22

~~Exhibit Index~~	23

	Six Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016


Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(8.7	)	$	(19.1	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation		0.8			0.9
Non-cash interest expense related to sale of future royalties		0.8			0.9
Non-cash royalty revenue related to sale of future royalties, net of withholding tax		(2.7	)		(2.3	)

Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivables		0.3			(1.4	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		0.2			(0.1	)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		0.1			1.4

Net cash used in operating activities		(9.2	)		(19.7	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of short and long-term investments		(7.0	)		(8.4	)
Maturities of short-term investments		27.9			16.6

Net cash provided by investing activities	20.9				8.2

Cash flows from financing activities:
Payment on note payable		-			(0.1	)

Net cash used in financing activities		-			(0.1	)

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		11.7			(11.6	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		17.7			49.7

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	29.4		$	38.1

	*Level 1*		*Level 2*		*Level 3*		*Total*
September 30, 2023
Financial assets:
Money market funds	$	27,975	$	—	$	—	$	27,975
U.S. Treasury securities		—		19,799		—		19,799
Total	$	27,975	$	19,799	$	—	$	47,774

(in millions)			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
June 30, 2017	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash equivalents	$	10.9	$	5.9	$	5.0	$	—
Short-term investments available-for-sale	20.9			—		20.9		—
Total	$	31.8	$	5.9	$	25.9	$	—

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized					Estimated		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value		and Restricted Cash		Investments
September 30, 2023
Cash at banks	$	5,263	$	—	$	—		$	5,263	$	5,263	$	—
Money market funds		27,975		—		—			27,975		27,975		—
U.S. Treasury securities		19,810		—		(11	)		19,799		—		19,799
Total	$	53,048	$	—	$	(11	)	$	53,037	$	33,238	$	19,799

	*September 30, 2023*			*December 31, 2022*

Laboratory equipment	$	13,638		$	12,035
Office and computer equipment		1,105			1,078
Leasehold improvements		4,098			1,760
Construction in progress		27			3,984
Total property and equipment		18,868			18,857
Less: accumulated depreciation		(5,942	)		(3,272	)
Property and equipment, net	$	12,926		$	15,585

	December 31, 2017		June 30, 2017

Professional fees	$	0.7	$	0.4
Salary and benefits		1.3		0.4
Research and development expenses		0.5		1.8
Other accrued expenses		-		0.3
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	2.5	$	2.9

	*September 30, 2023*			*December 31, 2022*

Developed technology	$	5,000		$	5,000
Intellectual property		80			80
Total cost		5,080			5,080
Less: accumulated amortization		(608	)		(60	)
Intangible assets, net	$	4,472		$	5,020

Year Ending December 31,	*Amount*
2023 (three months remaining)	$	183
2024		731
2025		731
2026		731
2027		731
Thereafter		1,365
Total	$	4,472

	*September 30, 2023*		*December 31, 2022*

Accrued compensation	$	4,573	$	3,112
Accrued clinical and manufacturing expenses		535		2,413
Accrued professional and consulting services		306		691
Other liabilities, current portion		577		1,868
Total	$	5,991	$	8,084

	in millions
Total Liability related to sale of future royalties, June 30, 2017	$	16.7
Total liability related to sale of future royalties, start of period				$	5,716
Non-cash royalty revenue paid to HCRP		(0.3	)		(314	)
Non-cash interest expense recognized		0.8			573
Total Liability related to sale of future royalties, December 31, 2017	$	17.2
Total liability related to sale of future royalties, end of period					5,975
Current portion					(1,342	)
Long-term portion				$	4,633

Year Ending December 31,
2023 (three months remaining)	$	1,043
2024		4,275
2025		4,421
2026		4,975
2027		5,205
2028		5,387
Thereafter		1,410
Undiscounted total		26,716
Less: imputed interest		(6,257	)
Present value of future minimum payments		20,459
Current portion of operating lease liability		(2,517	)
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	$	17,942

	*September 30, 2023*		*December 31, 2022*

Options issued and outstanding		18,073,909		14,725,261
RSUs issued and outstanding		3,594,698		808,310
Available for future grants of equity awards		5,527,341		12,074,692
Common stock warrants		227,434		227,434
2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan		1,498,939		1,800,000
Total		28,922,321		29,635,697

Securities into which warrants are convertible	*Warrants Outstanding*		*Exercise Price*		*Expiration Date*

Common Stock		44,148	$	1.10	April 2024
Common Stock		26,515	$	1.375	April 2024
Common Stock		29,150	$	2.50	March 2025
Common Stock		100,532	$	3.125	February 2025
Common Stock		16,175	$	3.125	March 2024
Common Stock		10,914	$	22.99	December 2026
Total		227,434

							*Weighted*					*Weighted*
	*Shares*			*Number of*			*Option Average*		*Unvested*			*RSU Average*
	*Available*			*Options*			*Exercise*		*RSU Shares*			*Grant Date*
	*For Grant*			*Outstanding*			*Price*		*Outstanding*			*Fair Value*

Balance as of January 1, 2023		12,074,692			14,725,261		$	4.48		808,310		$	3.57
Granted		(10,631,320	)		7,399,849		$	0.78		3,231,471		$	0.78
Exercised		—			(54,720	)	$	0.31		—		$	—
Released		—			—		$	—		(163,766	)	$	3.82
Forfeited		2,347,716			(2,066,399	)	$	5.08		(281,317	)	$	2.53
Canceled		1,736,253			(1,930,082	)	$	4.48		—		$	—

Balance as of September 30, 2023		5,527,341			18,073,909		$	2.91		3,594,698		$	1.13

	Six-Month Offering Period Ending November 30, 2023			Six-Month Offering Period Ending May 31, 2023

Risk-free interest rate		5.37	%		4.60	%
Expected term (in years)		0.5			0.5
Expected volatility		98.55	%		84.66	%
Dividend yield		—	%		—	%

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016

Net loss (in millions)	$	(3.4	)	$	(9.1	)
Weighted-average shares outstanding		38,649,237			38,640,487
Dilutive effect of restricted stock and stock options		-			-
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per share		38,649,237			38,640,487
Basic net loss per share	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.24	)
Diluted net loss per share	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.24	)
Number of anti-dilutive share-based awards excluded from computation		6,898,629			5,645,543

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2017		2016
	(in millions)
Royalty revenue - Relenza^®	$	-	$	1.5
Non-cash royalty revenue related to the sale of future royalties		2.7		2.3
Total revenue	$	2.7	$	3.8

	Six Months Ended December 31,
	2017		2016
	(in millions)
Royalty revenue - Relenza^®	$	-	$	1.6
Non-cash royalty revenue related to the sale of future royalties		2.8		2.3
Total revenue	$	2.8	$	3.9

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
External program costs:
Norovirus program	$	1,648	$	2,491	$	9,065	$	6,229
COVID-19 program		884		2,287		2,876		5,244
Other programs		—		52		—		171
Preclinical research		68		317		698		1,267
Process development		103		634		887		1,820
Total external costs		2,703		5,781		13,526		14,731
Internal costs		12,299		16,685		39,911		45,864
Total research and development	$	15,002	$	22,466	$	53,437	$	60,595

	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		% Change			2023		2022		% Change
Non-cash royalty revenue related to sale of future royalties	$	446	$	—		100	%	$	754	$	85		*
Grant revenue		1,655		—		100	%	$	3,380	$	—		100	%
Total revenue	$	2,101	$	—		100	%	$	4,134	$	85		*

Contractual Obligation	Total		< 1 Year		2 - 3 Years		4 - 5 Years		> 5 Years

Long Term Debt, HCRP	$	10,021		1,342		2,435		3,867		2,377
Operating Leases		26,716		1,043		8,696		10,180		6,797
Purchase Obligations		4,792		4,792		—		—		—
Total	$	41,529		7,177		11,131		14,047		9,174

	•	~~Use of estimates~~
	•	~~Revenue recognition~~
	•	~~Accrued expenses~~
	•	~~Share-based compensation~~

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description of Document	Schedule/Form	File Number	Exhibit	Filing Date

3.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc.	Form 10-K	001-35285	3.1	September 13, 2016

3.2	Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Aviragen Therapeutics, Inc.	Form 8-K	001-35285	3.1	February 20, 2018

3.3	Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vaxart, Inc.	Form 8-K	001-35285	3.2	February 20, 2018

3.4	Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vaxart, Inc.	Form 8-K	001-35285	3.1	April 24, 2019

3.5	Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vaxart, Inc.	Form 8-K	001-35285	3.1	June 9, 2020

3.6	Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vaxart, Inc.	Form 10-Q	001-35285	3.3	August 8, 2022

3.7	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Vaxart, Inc., effective as of October 18, 2023	Form 8-K	001-35285	3.1	October 23, 2023

31.1 *	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule, 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2 *	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule, 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1 §	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS *	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	Filed herewith.

§	In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release Nos. 33-8238 and 34-47986, Final Rule: Management’s Reports on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports, the certification furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto is deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

		~~Aviragen Therapeutics~~~~, Inc.~~

~~Date:~~ ~~February 6, 2018~~	~~By:~~	~~/s/ Joseph M. Patti~~
		~~Joseph M. Patti~~ ~~Chief Executive Officer~~ ~~(Principal Executive Officer)~~

	~~By:~~	~~/s/ Mark~~ ~~P. Colonnese~~
		~~Mark P. Colonnese~~ ~~Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer~~ ~~(Principal Financial Officer)~~