PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

ARAVIVE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

ARAVIVE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

ARAVIVE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

ARAVIVE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

(in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

ARAVIVE, INCINC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

1. Formation and Business of the Company

Aravive, Inc. (“Aravive” or the “Company”) was incorporated on December 10, 2008 in the State of Delaware. Aravive Biologics, Inc. (“Aravive Biologics”) our, the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, was incorporated in 2007. Aravive is a clinical-stage oncology company developing transformative treatments designed to halt the progression of life-threatening diseases, including cancer and fibrosis. We currently have one product candidate, batiraxcept, in clinical development.

The Company’s lead product candidate, batiraxceptBatiraxcept (formerly AVB-500), is an ultrahigh-affinity, decoy protein that targets the GAS6-AXL signaling pathway. By capturing serum GAS6, batiraxcept starves the AXL pathway of its signal, potentially halting the biological programming that promotes disease progression. AXL receptor signaling plays an important role in multiple types of malignancies by promoting metastasis, cancer cell survival, resistance to treatments, and immune suppression.

In July 2016, Aravive Biologics was approved for a $20.0 million Product Development Award from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (“CPRIT Grant”). The CPRIT Grant was expected to allow Aravive Biologics to develop the product candidate referenced above through clinical trials. The CPRIT Grant was effective as of June 1, 2016 and terminated on November 30, 2019. The Company has received all $20 million of the grant proceeds and has incurred all of the grant award proceeds by the termination date. Aravive Biologics’ royalty and other obligations, including its obligation to repay the disbursed grant proceeds under certain circumstances, survive the termination of the grant contract. The CPRIT Grant was subject to customary CPRIT funding conditions including a matching funds requirement where Aravive Biologics matched 50% of funding from the CPRIT Grant. Consequently, Aravive Biologics was required to raise $10.0 million in matching funds over the three-year project. Aravive Biologics raised all of its required $10.0 million in matching funds.

Aravive Biologics’ award from CPRIT requires it to pay CPRIT a portion of its revenues from sales of certain products, or received from its licensees or sublicensees, at tiered percentages of revenue in the low- to mid-single digits until the aggregate amount of such payments equals 400% of the grant award proceeds, and thereafter at a rate of less than one percent for as long as Aravive Biologics maintains government exclusivity. In addition, the grant contract also contains a provision that provides for repayment to CPRIT of the full amount of the grant proceeds under certain specified circumstances involving relocation of Aravive Biologics’ principal place of business outside Texas.

In April 2020, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement with WuXi Biologics (Hong Kong) Limited, the objective of which is to identify and develop novel high-affinity bispecific antibodies against CCN2, also known as connective tissue growth factor ("CTGF"), implicated in cancer and fibrosis, and identified from a similar target discovery screen that identified the significance of the AXL/GAS6 pathway in cancer. However, in August 2022, the Company temporarily halted work on the CTGF program with WuXi in an effort to focus all resources on the clinical programs.

In November 2020, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement with 3D Medicines Inc. ("3D Medicines") (the “Agreement or the 3D Medicine Agreement”), whereby the Company granted 3D Medicines an exclusive license to develop and commercialize products that contain batiraxcept as the sole drug substance for the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of human oncological diseases, in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau (the "Territory") for an upfront cash payment of $12 million. During the second quarter of 2021, the Company received a $6 million development milestone from 3D Medicines, for completing our first clinical milestone with 3D Medicines, dosing the first patient in its Phase 3 trial of batiraxcept in PROC.

In August 2021, the Company received a $3 million development milestone payment from 3D Medicines based on the Center for Drug Evaluation ("CDE") of the China National Medical Products Administration ("NMPA") approval of the Investigational New Drug application ("IND") submitted by 3D Medicines to participate in the Company’s international batiraxcept Phase 3 PROC clinical trial.

ARAVIVE, INC.the global Phase 3 platinum resistant ovarian cancer ("PROC") clinical trial in the Territory for the development of batiraxcept.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(CONTINUED)(unaudited)

As consideration for the rights granted as part of a license agreement that Aravive Biologics entered into in 2012 with Leland Stanford Junior University (“Stanford University”) for intellectual and tangible property rights relating to biologic inhibitors for therapeutic targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, Aravive Biologics is obligated to pay yearly license fees and milestone payments, and a royalty based on net sales of products covered by the patent-related rights. More specifically, Aravive Biologics is obligated to pay Stanford University (i) annual license payments (ii) milestone payments of up to an aggregate of $1,000,000 upon achievement of clinical and regulatory milestones, and (iii) royalties equal to a percentage (in the low single digits) of net sales of licensed products; provided that the annual license payments made will offset (and be credited against) any royalties due in such license year. In the event of a sublicense to a third party of any rights based on the patents that are solely owned by Stanford University, Aravive Biologics is obligated to pay royalties to Stanford University equal to a percentage of what Aravive Biologics would have been required to pay to Stanford University had it sold the products under sublicense itself. In addition, in such event it is required to pay to Stanford University a percent of sublicensing income. In the event of a termination, Aravive Biologics will be obligated to pay all amounts that accrued prior to such termination.

As the Company advances its clinical programs, the Company is in close contact with its clinical research organizations ("CROs") and clinical sites and is continually assessing the impact

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(CONTINUED)(unaudited)

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of its financial position as of June 30, 20222023 and, its results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022, the condensed consolidated statement of stockholders' (deficit) equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022. The December 31, 20212022 consolidated balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year or any other interim period. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 20212022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by the Company on March 31, 2022,15, 2023, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).GAAP. The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial position as of June 30, 20222023 and, the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022, the condensed consolidated statement of stockholders' (deficit) equity for the three andsix months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the consolidated statement cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022 include the accounts of Aravive, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary Aravive Biologics. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for the Company's subsidiary and consolidated operations.

Going Concern Uncertainty

Since inception, the Company has incurred net losses from operations and negative cash flows from operations. At June 30, 2022,2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $571.3$648.1 million and working capital of $29.8$7.8 million. The Company expects to continue to incur losses from costs related to the expenses incurred in development of batiraxcept, wind down costs of trials and related administrative activities for the foreseeable future. The Company does not generate any revenue from operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability of the recorded assets or the classification of liabilities that may be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. As of June 30, 2022,2023, the Company had a cash and cash equivalents balance of $46.8$18.4 million consisting of cash and investments in highly liquid U.S. money market funds. In August 2023, the Company announced the Phase 3 AXLerate-OC (“AXLerate”) trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of batiraxcept in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (“PROC”) did not meet its primary endpoint. As a result, the Company has terminated the Phase 3 PROC trial and the PROC program. The Company intendsCompany’s existing cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient to seek additional capital through equity and/or debt financings, collaborative or other funding arrangements with partners or through other sources of financing to fulfill its operating and capital requirement forcomplete the next 12 months to advance its clinical development programand commercialization of batiraxcept for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) or pancreatic cancer. In order to later stages of development and potentially commercialize its clinical product candidate batiraxcept. Although management has been successful in raising capital in the past, there can be no assurance thatpreserve cash, the Company has also discontinued the P1b/P2 trials in ccRCC and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and willnot continue either the renal or pancreatic programs unless the Company raises additional capital. Although the Company is currently exploring various strategic alternatives, including strategic partners and financing opportunities, these strategic alternatives may not be successful in raising capital in the future ornext several weeks prior to the Company’s cash position getting to the point that any needed financingit will be available inneed to pursue the future at terms acceptable towinding down and dissolution of the Company. If the Company is unabledoes not raise capital or successfully engage a strategic partner in the next several weeks, it will be forced to raise additional funds when needed, the Company may be required to delay, reduce,cease operations, liquidate its assets and possibly seek bankruptcy protection or terminate some or all of its development programs and clinical trials. The Company may also be required to sell or license to others technologies or clinical product candidates or programs that it would prefer to develop and commercialize itself.engage in a similar process.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

Segments

The Company operates in one segment. Management uses one measurement of profitability and does not segregate its business for internal reporting. All long-lived assets are maintained in the United States of America.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. All of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at several financial institutions that management believes are of high credit quality. Such deposits may exceed federally insured limits.

Risk and Uncertainties

The Company’s future results of operations involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Factors that could affect the Company’s future operating results and cause actual results to vary materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, uncertainty of results of clinical trials and reaching milestones, uncertainty of regulatory approval of the Company’s potential drug candidates, uncertainty of market acceptance of the Company’s products, competition from substitute products and larger companies, securing and protecting proprietary technology, strategic relationships and dependence on key individuals and sole source suppliers.

Products developed by the Company require clearances from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), the Pharmaceuticals Medicines and Devices Agency (“PMDA”), or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that the products will receive the necessary clearances. If the Company is denied clearance, clearance is delayed or the Company is unable to maintain clearance, it could have a material adverse impact on the Company.

The Company expects to incur substantial operating losses for the next several years and will need to obtain additional financing in order to launch and commercialize any product candidates for which it receives regulatory approval.

The Company relies on third-party manufacturers to purchase from their third-party vendors the materials necessary to produce product candidates and manufacture product candidates for clinical studies.trials. The Company also depends on third-party suppliers for key materials and services used in research and development, as well as manufacturing processes, and are subject to certain risks related to the loss of these third-party suppliers or their inability to supply adequate materials and services. The Company does not control the manufacturing processes of the contract development and manufacturing organizations or CDMOs,(“CDMO”s), with whom it contracts and is dependent on these third parties for the production of its therapeutic candidates in accordance with relevant regulations (such as current Good Manufacturing Practices or cGMP,“cGMP”), which includes, among other things, quality control, quality assurance and the maintenance of records and documentation. In addition, the Company is dependent upon third-party suppliers for the materials needed to construct its cGMP facility as well as the equipment that will be needed to run the facility.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held in multiple institutions within the United States and included deposits in money market funds which were unrestricted as to withdrawal or use. Restricted cash consists of a letter of credit to secure the Company’s obligations under the right-of-use lease.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally between three and five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of their useful life or the term of the lease. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance sheets and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in the period realized.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

Leases

The Company leases all of its office space in conducting its business. At inception, the Company determines whether an agreement represents a lease and at commencement the Company evaluates each lease agreement to determine whether the lease is an operating or financing lease.

The Company records an operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") asset and an operating lease obligation on the consolidated balance sheet when entering into a lease. ROU assets represent the Company’s ROU of the underlying asset for the lease term and the lease obligation represents the Company’s commitment to make the lease payments arising from the lease. Lease obligations are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term and ROU assets are calculated as the lease liability, adjusted by unamortized initial direct costs, unamortized lease incentives received, cumulative deferred or prepaid lease payments, and accumulated impairment losses. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company has used an estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease inception date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease term may include options to extend or terminate the lease and the Company includes renewal options in its calculation of the estimated lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, subject to any changes in the lease or expectations regarding the terms. Variable lease costs such as common area costs and property taxes are expensed as incurred. Variable lease costs and short-term lease payments not included in the lease liability are classified within operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. For all lease agreements, the Company has combined lease and non-lease components. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. These expenses are recognized within operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Warrant Liability

Warrants for the purchase of shares of common stock issued in connection with the JanuaryOctober 2022 financing (the “October 2022 Warrants”) were classified as derivative liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as of MarchDecember 31, 2022 because the warrants wereCompany did not indexedhave enough authorized shares to cover the outstanding warrants, if exercised. In January 2023, the Company amended its Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of its authorized shares of common stock from 100 million to 250 million. However, the October 2022 Warrants provide the holder the option to require the Company to purchase the warrants for cash at the Black Scholes Value upon occurrence of certain fundamental transactions. The Company has determined that such fundamental transactions are not within the Company’s control because certain holders of the warrants hold the majority seats in the Company’s board of directors. Consequently, because the Company does not control the events that may lead to the Company's own common stock.  Oncash redemption of the warrants, the April 1,October 2022 the warrants were exercised and converted to equity.  The warrants were reclassified to additional paid-in-capital at their fair value on the warrant exercise dateWarrants remain classified as liabilities as of April 1, 2022,June 30, 2023. with theThe change in estimated fair value during the period was recognized as a component of other income (expense), net in our statement of operations.operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and reflected accordingly in the reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities.

The Company estimated the fair value of these liabilities using assumptions that are based on the individual characteristics of the warrants on the valuation date. The Company used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the fair value of the underlying stock to determine the fair value of these liabilities. The valuation model is based on inputs as of the valuation dates, including the estimated volatility of our stock, the remaining contractual term of the warrants and the risk-free interest rates. Refer to Note 3.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by the comparison of the carrying amount to the future net cash flows which the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value (i.e., determined through estimating projected discounted future net cash flows or other acceptable methods of determining fair value) arising from the asset. There were no such impairments of long-lived assets as of June 30, 20222023.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these items.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or an exit price paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The fair value hierarchy defines a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows:

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s financial instruments consist of Level 1 assets and Level 3 liabilities as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022. Level 1 securities are comprised of highly liquid money market funds. Level 3 liabilities are comprised of warrant liabilities.

Preclinical and Clinical Trial Accruals

The Company’s clinical trial accruals are based on estimates of patient enrollment and related costs at clinical investigator sites as well as estimates for the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple research institutions and CROsClinical Research Organizations (“CROs”) that conduct and manage clinical trials on the Company’s behalf.

The Company estimates preclinical and clinical trial expenses based on the services performed, pursuant to contracts with research institutions and CROs that conduct and manage preclinical studies and clinical trials on its behalf. In accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of patient enrollment and activity expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly. Payments made to third parties under these arrangements in advance of the receipt of the related services are recorded as prepaid expenses until the services are rendered.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. Research and development costs include, but are not limited to, payroll and personnel expenses, laboratory supplies, consulting costs, external research and development expenses and allocated overhead, including rent, equipment depreciation, and utilities. Costs to acquire technologies to be used in research and development that have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use are expensed to research and development costs when incurred.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability approach. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

The Company assesses all material positions taken in any income tax return, including all significant uncertain positions, in all tax years that are still subject to assessment or challenge by relevant taxing authorities. Assessing an uncertain tax position begins with the initial determination of the position’s sustainability and is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is more than likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of each balance sheet date, unresolved uncertain tax positions must be reassessed, and the Company will determine whether (i) the factors underlying the sustainability assertion have changed and (ii) the amount of the recognized tax benefit is still appropriate. The recognition and measurement of tax benefits requires significant judgment. Judgments concerning the recognition and measurement of a tax benefit might change as new information becomes available.

Stock-Based Compensation

For stock options granted to employees, the Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards based on the grant-date estimated fair value. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service period. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The determination of fair value for stock-based awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model requires management to make certain assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables.

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to nonemployees is recognized based on the fair value of the stock options, determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, as they are earned. The awards generally vest over the time period the Company expects to receive services from the nonemployee.

Stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, is reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):

Net LossIncome (Loss) per Share of Common Stock

Basic net lossincome (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing the net lossincome (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net lossincome (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net lossincome (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net lossincome (loss) per share calculation, warrants and stock options and restricted stock units are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Because the Company has reported a net loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and the effect of the Company's common stock equivalents is anti-dilutive, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for those periods.

Collaborative Arrangements

The Company records the elements of its collaboration agreements that represent joint operating activities in accordance with ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements (ASC 808). Accordingly, the elements of the collaboration agreements that represent activities in which both parties are active participants and to which both parties are exposed to the significant risks and rewards that are dependent on the commercial success of the activities are recorded as collaborative arrangements. The Company considers the guidance in ASC 606-10-15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers – Scope and Scope Exceptions, in determining the appropriate treatment for the transactions between the Company and its collaborative partner and the transactions between the Company and third parties. Generally, the classification of transactions under the collaborative arrangements is determined based on the nature and contractual terms of the arrangement along with the nature of the operations of the participants. Currently, we havethe Company has one collaboration agreement with 3D Medicines, see Note 4 for further discussion.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s sole source of revenue for 20222023 and 20212022 has been generated through its collaboration and license agreement. The Company’s collaboration and license agreements frequently contain multiple elements including (i) intellectual property licenses, and (ii) research and development services. Consideration received under these arrangements may include upfront payments, research and development funding, cost reimbursements, milestone payments, payments for product sales and royalty payments.

The Company follows ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) for recognition of its collaboration and license agreements. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for goods or services and excludes sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company analyzes the nature of these performance obligations in the context of individual agreements in order to assess the distinct performance obligations.

The Company applies the following five-step model to recognize revenue: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when, or as the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

i) Identify the contract with a customer. The Company considers the terms and conditions of its agreements to identify contracts within the scope of ASC 606. The Company concludes it has a contract with a customer when the contract is approved, each party's rights regarding the goods and services to be transferred can be identified, the payment terms for the goods and services can be identified, it has been determined that the customer has the ability and intent to pay and the contract has commercial substance. The Company uses judgment in determining the customer's ability and intent to pay, which is based upon factors including the customer's historical payment experience or, for new customers, credit and financial information pertaining to the customers.

ii) Identify the performance obligations in the contract. Performance obligations in the agreements are identified based on the goods and services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The Company’s performance obligations generally consist of intellectual property licenses and research and development services with respect to license and service agreements, and the manufacture and supply of product for product sales agreements.

iii) Determine the transaction price. The Company determines the transaction price based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods and services to the customer. In determining the transaction price, any variable consideration would be considered, to the extent applicable, if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. In accordance with the royalty exception under ASC 606 for licenses of intellectual property, the transaction price excludes future royalty payments to be received from the Company’s customers. None of the Company’s revenue generating contracts contain consideration payable to its customer or a significant financing component.

iv) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract. If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to that performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price.

v) Recognize revenue when, or as we satisfy a performance obligation. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised goods or services to a customer. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the goods or services is transferred to the customers for an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

Performance Obligations

The following is a general description of principal goods and services from which the Company generates revenue.

License to Intellectual Property

The Company generates revenue from licensing its intellectual property (“IP”) including know-how and development and commercialization rights. The license provides a customer with the right to further research, develop and commercialize internally-discovered or collaborated drug candidates, or the right to use batiraxcept to further research, develop and commercialize customer drug candidates. The consideration the Company receives is in the form of nonrefundable upfront consideration related to the functional intellectual property licenses and is recognized when the Company transfers such license to the customer unless the license is combined with other goods or services into one performance obligation, in which case the revenue is recognized over a period of time based on the estimated pattern in which the Company satisfies the combined performance obligation. The Company’s licensing agreements are generally cancelable. 

Research and Development Services

The Company generates revenue from research and development services it provides to its customers and primarily includes clinical trials, and assistance during regulatory approval application process. Revenue associated with these services is recognized based on the Company’s estimate of total consideration to be received for such services and the pattern in which the Company perform the services. The pattern of performance is generally determined to be the amount of incurred costs related to the service portion of the contract with the customer as a percentage of total expected costs associated with the service portion of the contract.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

Most of the Company’s collaboration and license agreements with customers contain multiple promised goods or services. Based on the characteristics of the promised goods and services the Company analyzes whether they are separate or combined performance obligations. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. The estimated standalone selling price is based on the adjusted market assessment approach including estimated present value of future cash flows and cost-plus margin approach, taking into consideration the type of services, estimates of hourly market rates, and stage of the development.

Variable Consideration

The Company’s contracts with customers primarily include two types of variable consideration: (i) development and regulatory milestone payments, which are due to the Company upon achievement of specific development and regulatory milestones and (ii) one-time sales-based payments and sales-based royalties associated with licensed intellectual property.

Due to uncertainty associated with achievement of the development and regulatory milestones, the related milestone payments are excluded from the contract consideration and the corresponding revenue is not recognized until the Company concludes it is probable that reversal of such milestone revenue will not occur. As part of the Company’s evaluation of the constraint, the Company considers numerous factors, including whether the achievement of the milestone is outside of the Company’s control, contingent upon regulatory approval or dependent on licensee efforts.

Product sales-based royalties under licensed intellectual property and one-time payments are accounted for under the royalty exception. The Company recognizes revenue for sales-based royalties under licensed intellectual property and one-time payments at the later of when the sales occur or the performance obligation is satisfied or partially satisfied.

The transaction price is reevaluated each reporting period and as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Companyus as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

3. Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and a warrant liability. These financial instruments are reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at amounts that approximate current fair value. The following table sets forth the Company’s financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

Warrant Liability

The Company’s warrant liability for the October 2022 warrants which was classified as a derivative liability on the consolidated balance sheet as of MarchJune 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 contained unobservable inputs that reflected the Company’s own assumptions in which there was little, if any, market activity at the measurement date and was classified as a Level 3 input. Accordingly, the Company’s warrant liability was measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs at each reporting period. OnRefer to Note April 1, 2022, 2.the warrants were exercised and converted to equity.  The warrants were reclassified to additional paid-in-capital at their fair value on the warrant exercise date of April 1, 2022, with the change in estimated fair value during the period are recognized as a component of other income (expense), net in our statement of operations.

The fair value of the warrants was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the common share has been adjusted for a discount for lack of marketability due to the uncertainty and timing of obtaining shareholder approval to increase the Company's authorized number of common shares. For warrants that do not have a fixed termination date, the expected terms represent the periods that the warrants are expected to be outstanding based upon managements' estimate. The risk-free interest rates are based on the U.S. Constant Maturity treasury curve commensurate with the time outstanding. The expected dividend is zero as the Company has not paid nor does it anticipate paying any dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. The expected volatilities are estimated by our historical volatility over a similar time period.

The assumptions used in calculating the estimated fair value at the end of the reporting period and on the warrant exercise date represent the Company’s best estimate. However, inherent uncertainties are involved. If factors or assumptions change, the estimated fair value could be materially different.

In January 2022, the Company entered into an investment agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with Eshelman Ventures, LLC, a related party and, solely for purposes of Article IV and Article V of the Investment Agreement. Pursuant to the Investment Agreement, Dr. Eshelman, the Investor, agreed to purchase pre-funded warrants (the "January 2022 Warrants") of up to 4,545,455 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, at a price of $2.20 per share, which was the consolidated closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq on December 31, 2021, for an aggregate purchase price of $10 million.  On the issuance date, the January 2022 Warrants were valued at the aggregate purchase price of $10 million and the Company received $9.9 million in net proceeds. As of March 31, 2022, the 4,545,455 January 2022 Warrants were exercisable upon shareholder approval, which was obtained on April 1, 2022; thereafter, the January 2022 Warrants were exercisable at any time until all of the January 2022 Warrants were exercised in full and have an exercise price of $0.0001.

On April 1, 2022, the Company held a Special Meeting of Stockholders at which the Company’s stockholders voted on the proposal and approved for the purposes of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(b), of the issuance of up to 4,545,455 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, in the aggregate (subject to adjustment under certain circumstances), pursuant to the January 2022 Warrants issued to Eshelman Ventures, LLC. On April 1, 2022, Eshelman Ventures, after obtaining the requisite approval from the Company’s stockholders at the Special Meeting, exercised the January 2022 Warrants in full and the Company issued 4,545,455 shares of Common Stock to Eshelman Ventures.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

At MarchDecember 31, 2022 and April 1, 2022 (June 30, 2023, the warrant exercise date), the Company estimated the fair values of the financial liability arising from the JanuaryOctober 2022 Warrants using the following weighted average assumptions:
 

The following table provides a summary of changes in the estimated fair value of the Company’s warrant liability (in thousands):

Fair Value Hierarchy Transfers

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers within the hierarchy during the periods ended June 30, 20222023 or December 31, 20212022.

4. Collaboration and License Agreement

On November 6, 2020, the Company entered into the 3D Medicines Agreement, whereby the Company granted 3D Medicines an exclusive license to develop and commercialize products that contain batiraxcept as the sole drug substance, for the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of human oncological diseases, in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau (the “Territory”).

Under the terms of the Agreement, the Company was paid $21$27 million (inclusive of $9$15 million in milestone payments) and is eligible to receive from 3D Medicines cash payments of up to an aggregate of $207 million (inclusive of $9the $27 million in milestone payments)received) in clinical development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments. There can be no guarantee that any additional milestones will in fact be met. The Company is obligated to make certain payments to The Board of Trustees of the Stanford University based on certain amounts received from 3D Medicines under the Agreement pursuant to the existing license agreement by and between the Company and Stanford, dated January 25, 2012, and as amended to date.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

The Company will also be entitled to receive tiered royalties ranging from low double digits to mid-teens on sales in the Territory, if any, of products containing batiraxcept. Royalties are payable with respect to each jurisdiction in the Territory until the latest to occur of: (i) the last-to-expire of specified patent rights in such jurisdiction in the Territory; or (ii) ten (10) years after the first commercial sale of a product in such jurisdiction in the Territory. In addition, royalties payable under the Agreement will be subject to reduction on account of generic competition under certain specified conditions, with any such reductions capped at certain percentages of the amounts otherwise payable during the applicable royalty payment period.

Under the terms and conditions of the Agreement, 3D Medicines will be solely responsible for the development and commercialization of licensed products in the Territory.

If either the Company or 3D Medicines materially breaches the Agreement and does not cure such breach, the non-breaching party may terminate the Agreement in its entirety. Either party may also terminate the Agreement, upon written notice, if the other party files for bankruptcy, is dissolved or has a receiver appointed for substantially all of its property. The Company may terminate the Agreement if 3D Medicines, its affiliates or its sublicensees challenges the validity or enforceability of any of the Company’s patents covering any of the licensed compounds or products or ceases substantially all development and commercialization of licensed products in the Territory for a specified period, subject to certain exceptions. 3D Medicines may also terminate the Agreement for convenience provided certain notice is provided to the Company.

The Agreement contemplates that the Company will enter into ancillary arrangements with 3D Medicines, including a clinical supply agreement and a manufacturing technology transfer agreement.

The Company assessed this arrangement in accordance with ASC 606 and identified the following performance obligations: 1) license to intellectual property, batiraxcept, and 2) research and development services, including conducting clinical trials. The Company concluded that each of these performance obligations were distinct because 3D Medicines can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available, and each performance obligation is separately identifiable from other promises within the contract. Specifically, the batiraxcept drug was in a Phase 3 clinical trial at the time that 3D Medicines acquired the license and the Company concluded that: (i) the R&D services for such later-stage, Phase 3 IP, primarily involved validating the drug’s efficacy, and (ii) the ongoing R&D services do not significantly modify or customize the drug compound such that the IP is not significantly different at the end of the arrangement as a result of those services.

The estimated total transaction price was allocated between performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling prices. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach and an expected cost plus a margin approach to estimate the standalone selling price for the performance obligations. The Company allocated the $21.0$27.0 million transaction price as such: $11.3$14.5 million to the research and development services performance obligation and $9.7$12.5 million to the license to intellectual property. Accordingly, the Company will recognize revenue related to the allocable research and development services obligation on a proportional performance basis as the underlying services are performed pursuant to the current development plan which is commensurate with the period and consistent with the pattern over which the Company’s research and development services obligation is satisfied. The Company will recognize the revenue related to the license to intellectual property at a point in time. This is due to the fact the license was determined to be a functional license due to current stage in development of batiraxcept. Batiraxcept has been developed, dosing levels have already been determined and the drug is currently in a Phase III clinical trial related to its PROC study. 

As of June 30, 20222023, , no clinical or regulatory milestones have been assessed as probable of being reached and thus have been fully constrained. The Company continues to re-assess the probability of achievement of future milestones at the end of each reporting period.

The Company recognized in revenue $2.7$2.4 and $1.2$2.7 million related to the research and development services for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively. The Company recognized inno revenue $2.8 million related to the intellectual property for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.2023 and 2022, respectively. As of June 30, 20222023, the Company had a contract liability balance of $5.4approximately $2.6 million, with materially all of which $4.0 million isthe balance being classified as current, and $1.4 million is classified as long-term, consistingwhich consists of deferred revenue related to a portion of the payment received from 3D Medicines. The Company recognized revenue of $1.6$1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022,2023, related to the contract liability balance of $8.1$5.0 million as of December 31, 2021.2022. As of June 30, 2022,2023, the service period for the future research and development services is expected to occur over the next 21.1 years.

5. Leases

In March 2017, the Company entered into an operating facility lease agreement for approximately 34,500 rentable square feet located at the 1020 Marsh Facility. The lease commenced in August 2017 for a period of 87 months with one renewal option for a five-year term. The Company did not include the renewal option period as the Company determined it was not reasonably certain the lease would be renewed as of the modification date.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

In August 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement in North Carolina for approximately 4,128 square feet for office space. The monthly lease payments will be approximately $9 thousand per month for a period of 63 months with a three-month rent abatement period. The lease commenced in the fourth quarter of 2020.

The Company’s rent expenseoperating lease cost including both short-term and variable lease components of $0.2 million associated with the facility leases was $0.9$1.0 million and $0.8$0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022,, respectively. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease obligations for operating cash flows from operating leases was $1.5 million and $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022, respectively.. As of June 30, 20222023, the Company’s operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 2.41.4 years and a weighted average discount rate of 7.63%7.60%, which approximates the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.

As of June 30, 20222023, minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases by period were expected to be as follows (in thousands):

1020 Marsh Facility Sublease

On June 8, 2021, the Company entered into an operating sublease with a subtenant (the “Subtenant”) for the 1020 Marsh Facility. The final agreement and consent received from the landlord was obtained on July 13, 2021. The term of the sublease has commenced on August 1, 2021 and continues through October 31, 2024, unless the master lease is terminated earlier due to a breach by Subtenant. Subtenant will also pay to the Company, as additional rent, an amount equal to the Company’s share of operating expenses attributable to the subleased premises due under the master lease. The terms entered into for this sublease agreement did not result in an impairment of the Company’s long-lived assets for the six months ended June 30, 2022.2023. Lease income associated with this sublease is recorded in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company has recorded lease income associated with this sublease of approximately $0.7 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and2022, and approximately $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022,2023 respectively.and 2022. During thethree and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022,cash received from the Subtenant was $0.7 million and $1.4 million respectively, which amount was included in operating cash flows.

Future base rent the Subtenant shall pay to the Company over the sublease term as of June 30, 20222023, are as follows (in thousands):

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Commitments

The Company conductshas conducted research and development programs through a combination of internal and collaborative programs that include, among others, arrangements with contract manufacturing organizations and contract research organizations. The Company had contractual arrangements with these organizations including license agreements with milestone obligations and service agreements with obligations largely based on services performed.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various firm purchase commitments related to certain preclinical and clinical studies.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnifications. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future but have not yet been made. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

Indemnification

In accordance with the Company’s amended and restated Certificate of Incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, the Company has indemnification obligations to its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while they are serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. There have been no claims to date and the Company has a director and officer insurance policy that may enable it to recover a portion of any amounts paid for future claims.

Litigation

The Company may from time to time be involved in legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business. There are no pending or threatened legal proceedings as of June 30, 20222023.

7. Common Stock and Common Stock Warrants

The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the Company to issue 100,000,000250,000,000 shares of common stock as of June 30, 2022.March 31, 2023. The Certificate of Incorporation was amended on January 17, 2023 to increase the number of shares of common stock that the Company may issue from 100,000,000 to 250,000,000. Common stockholders are entitled to dividends as and when declared by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”), subject to the rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends. There have been no dividends declared to date. The holder of each share of common stock is entitled to one vote.

At the Market Offering Program

In September 2020, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC which was declared effective by the SEC on November 20, 2020 (the “Form S-3”). On September 4, 2020, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Piper Sandler & Co. and Cantor Fitzgerald to sell shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per common share, from time to time, through an “at the market offering” program having an aggregate offering price of up to $60,000,000 through which Piper Sandler and Cantor Fitzgerald will act as sales agents. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company sold 54,763 of common stock that were registered under the Form S-3 pursuant to the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement and received proceeds net of discounts and offering costs of $0.1 million under the Equity Distribution Agreement.  The Company did not sell any common stock nor receive any proceeds under the Equity Distribution Agreement during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Registered Direct Offerings

Related Party Transaction

On February 12, 2021, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, with Eshelman Ventures relating to the issuance and sale (the “Offering”) of 2,875,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price per share of $7.29. The Offering closed on February 18, 2021 and the Company received aggregate proceeds from the Offering of approximately $20.9 million, net of offering costs. Eshelman Ventures is an entity wholly owned by the Company’s chairman of the board.

On March 31, 2022, the Company closed a registered direct offering of the Company’s common stock with a single healthcare-focused institutional investor and Eshelman Ventures, LLC a related party, pursuant to which the Company issued 3,185,216 shares of common stock (consisting of 2,325,000 shares for the investor and 860,216 shares for Eshelman Ventures), 1,665,025 pre-funded warrants issued to the investor and common stock warrants to purchase up to 4,850,241 shares of common stock (consisting of 3,990,025 common stock warrants for the investor and 860,216 common stock warrants for Eshelman Ventures) in a registered direct offering priced at-the-market under Nasdaq rules. The combined purchase price of each share of common stock and accompanying common stock warrant was $2.005 for the institutional investor and $2.325 for Eshelman Ventures, LLC. The purchase price per pre-funded warrant and accompanying common stock warrant was $2.004 for the institutional investor. The net proceeds from the offering was $9.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commission and offering expenses. The 3,990,025 common stock warrants issued to the institutional investor are exercisable immediately, will expire five years from the exercisable date and have an exercise price of $1.88 per share. The 860,216 common stock warrants issued to Eshelman Ventures, LLC are exercisable upon the approval by the Company’s stockholders of the exercise of previously issued securities, the January 2022 Warrants, will expire five years following the exercise date and have an exercise price of $2.20 per share. The 1,665,025 pre-funded warrants are exercisable at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full and have an exercise price of $0.001. The Company evaluated the pre-funded warrants and the common stock warrants under ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and determined the warrants meet the requirements to be classified in permanent equity.

The 1,665,025 pre-funded warrants issued to the institutional investor were exercised on June 6, 2022.

As of June 30, 2023, the Company has outstanding common stock warrants related to the registered direct offering as set forth below:

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(CONTINUED)(unaudited)

Private placement equity financing

On October 27, 2022, the Company closed on definitive agreements with new biotechnology investors, existing investors, Company management and certain Company directors for the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 45,178,811 shares of its common stock (or pre-funded warrants in lieu thereof) and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 45,178,811 shares of common stock and/or pre-funded warrants in a private placement offering priced at-the-market under Nasdaq rules. The purchase price per share and accompanying warrant was $0.9199 for all who participated in the deal (or $0.9198 per pre-funded warrant and accompanying warrant). Fifty percent of the warrants have an exercise price of $0.7949 per share and will expire on the date that is the later of: (i) 15 months from the date an increase in the number of authorized shares of common stock is effected, or (ii) one month after the public announcement of the topline Phase 3 platinum-resistant ovarian cancer ("PROC") data. The remaining 50% of the warrants will have an exercise price of $0.7949 per share and will expire 30 months from the date an increase in the number of authorized shares of common stock is effected. All of the warrants other than the pre-funded warrants are exercisable for cash only. The net proceeds from the private placement equity financing were approximately $40 million and will be used to fund the Company's clinical development programs.

As of June 30, 2023, the Company has outstanding common stock warrants related to the private placement as set forth below:

8. Stock Based Awards

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company’s Board of Directors (the "Board") and stockholders approved the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan") which became effective on September 12, 2019. The 2019 Plan is a successor to and continuation of all prior plans including the Company’s 2014 Equity Incentive Plan and Aravive Biologics 2017 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (Prior Plans). As of June 30, 20222023, the total number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan was 1,298,570.662,785. In addition, if the shares subject to outstanding stock options or other awards under the Prior Plans: (I) terminate or expire prior to exercise or settlement; (II) are not issued because the award is settled in cash; (III) are forfeited because of failure to vest; (IV) or are reacquired or withheld (or not issued) to satisfy a tax withholding obligation or the purchase or exercise price, if any, such shares will become available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. Unless the Board provides otherwise, beginning January 1, 2020 with expiration of January 1, 2029, the total number of shares of common stock available for issuance will automatically increase annually on January 1 of each calendar year by 4.5% of the total number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31 of the immediately preceding year. The 2019 Plan provides for granting of equity awards to employees, directors and consultants, including incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards and performance awards.

InducementStock Options

The Company granted employment inducement stock option awards, for 440,000 shares of common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The employment inducement stock options were awarded in accordance with the employment inducement award exemption provided by Nasdaq listing rule 5635(c)(4) and was therefore not awarded under the Company’s stockholder approved equity plan. The option awards will vest under our standard vesting terms for new employees as follows: 25% of the shares underlying the stock option award vesting on the first anniversary of the date of hire and the remaining 75% of the shares subject to the Option will vest in equal monthly installments over the next 36 months of continuous service.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (unaudited)

Activity under the Company’s stock option plan and inducement stock options is set forth below:

The intrinsic values of outstanding, expected-to-vest and exercisable options were determined by multiplying the number of shares by the difference in exercise price of the options and the fair value of the common stock. The intrinsic value ofThere were no stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 20212022 was $0.7 million, and there wereor no2023, stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2022.respectively.

Stock Options Granted to Employees

During each of the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022, the Company granted stock options to officers, directors and employees to purchase shares of common stock with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $1.76$1.45 and $5.07$1.76 per share, respectively. The fair value is being expensed over the vesting period of the options, which is usually 4 years on a straight-line basis as the services are being provided. No tax benefits were realized from options and other share-based payment arrangements during the periods.

As of June 30, 20222023, total unrecognized employee stock-based compensation related to stock options granted was $3.8$5.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining vesting period of 3.22.5 years.

The fair value of employee stock options was estimated using the Black-Scholes model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

Determining Fair Value of Stock Options – The fair value of each grant of stock options was determined by the Company using the methods and assumptions discussed below. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment to determine.

Expected Volatility – The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our common stock over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected term of our stock options. 

Risk-Free Interest Rate – The risk-free rate assumption was based on the U.S. Treasury instruments with terms that were consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(CONTINUED)(unaudited)

Expected Dividend – The expected dividend assumption was based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts.

Expected Term – The expected term of stock options represents the weighted average period the stock options are expected to be outstanding. For option grants that are considered to be “plain vanilla”, the Company has opted to use the simplified method for estimating the expected term as provided by the SEC. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the average time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options.

Forfeiture Rate – Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience.

Fair Value of Common Stock – The fair value of the underlying common stock is based upon quoted prices on Nasdaq.

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(CONTINUED)(unaudited)

9. Net LossIncome (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net lossincome (loss) per share of the Company (in thousands, except per share data):

Basic net lossincome (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share is computed by dividing the net lossincome (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Weighted-averageFor the calculation of basic net income (loss) per share, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period includes the weighted average effect of the Company’s 15,870,199 pre-funded warrants issued on March 31, 2022, ,the exercise of which is not subject to contingencies and requires little or no consideration. Diluted net lossincome (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share is computed by dividing the net lossincome (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock method and the as-if converted method, for convertible securities, if inclusion of these is dilutive. Because the Company has reported a net loss for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021,for the Company did not have dilutivesix months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the effect of the Company's common stock equivalents and thereforeis anti-dilutive, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for those periods.

However, the Company reported net income for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and as a result, net income (loss) per share is calculated separately on a basic and diluted basis for that period. A total of 4,850,241 warrants and 5,721,230 stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share because these securities were anti-dilutive.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding at the end of the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 have been excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding:outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

ARAVIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(CONTINUED)(unaudited)

10. Balance Sheet Components

Accrued Liabilities (in thousands)