SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to the safe harbors created under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. We generally identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “assume,” “intend,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar words or the negative of these terms. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in Part II, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021,2022, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.7, 2023. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance upon these forward-looking statements. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, the timing of events and circumstances and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this report include, but are not limited to, statements about:

The forward-looking statements made in this report relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We have included or made reference to important factors in the cautionary statements included in this report, particularly in the section entitled "Risk Factors" where we make reference to Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021,2022, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022,7, 2023, that we believe could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make. Except as required by law, we do not assume any intent to update any forward-looking statements after the date on which the statement is made, whether as a result of new information, future events or circumstances or otherwise.

Note Regarding Company Reference

Unless the context otherwise requires, we use the terms “ZevraKemPharm,,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to refer to Zevra Therapeutics, Inc., formerly known as KemPharm, Inc. prior to February 21, 2023. We have proprietary rights to a number of trademarks used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are important to our business, including KemPharm,LAT® and the KemPharmZevra logo. All other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are referred to without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references should not be construed as any indicator that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto.

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

KEMPHARM,ZEVRA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and par value amounts)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statementsstatements.

 KEMPHARM,ZEVRA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statementsstatements.

ZEVRA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

KEMPHARM,ZEVRA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statementsstatements.

KEMPHARM,ZEVRA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY, CONTINUED

(in thousands)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

KEMPHARM, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

KEMPHARM,ZEVRA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ZEVRA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Organization

KemPharm,Zevra Therapeutics, Inc. (the "Company") is a specialty pharmaceuticalrare disease company focused on the discoverymelding science, data and developmentpatient need to create transformational therapies for diseases with limited or no treatment options. The Company has a diverse portfolio of treatmentsproducts and product candidates, which includes a combination of both a clinical stage pipeline and commercial stage assets. The Company's pipeline includes arimoclomol, an orally-delivered, first-in-class investigational product candidate being developed for central nervous systemNiemann-Pick disease type C ("CNS"NPC"), which has been granted orphan drug designation, Fast-track designation, Breakthrough Therapy designation and rare pediatric disease indications that allowdesignation for the Company to target high-value areas with significant unmet needs. The Company's core competency is the discovery and developmenttreatment of proprietary prodrugs to treat serious medical conditions through its proprietary Ligand Activated Therapy ("LAT^®") platform technology. The Company utilizes its proprietary LAT platform technology to generate improved prodrug versions of drugs approvedNPC by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") as well as to generate prodrug versionsand orphan medical product designation for the treatment of existing compounds that may have applications for new disease indications. The Company's prodrug product candidate pipeline is currently focused onNPC by the high need areas of idiopathic hypersomniaEuropean Medicines Agency ("IH") and other CNS/rare diseases. The Company's approved product, AZSTARYS^®, formerly referred to as KP415, a new once-daily treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ("ADHD") in patients age six years and older contains the Company's prodrug, serdexmethylphenidate ("SDX"EMA"). AZSTARYSKP1077 is being commercialized in the United States by Corium, Inc., an affiliate of Gurnet Point Capital, L.P. The Company's lead clinical development product candidate which is being developed as a treatment for idiopathic hypersomnia ("IH"), a rare neurological sleep disorder, and narcolepsy. KP1077 is based on SDX,comprised solely of serdexmethylphenidate ("SDX"), the Company's proprietary prodrug of d-methlyphenidate ("d-MPH"d-methylphenidate (“d-MPH”) and is in development. The FDA has granted KP1077 orphan drug designation for the treatment of IH and narcolepsy.IH. The Company's prodrug product candidate for the treatmentCompany changed its name from KemPharm, Inc. to Zevra Therapeutics, Inc. effective as of stimulant use disorder ("SUD") is KP879.February 21, 2023.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and related notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Operating results for the three and sixmonths ended June 30, 2022,March 31, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2022.2023.

This interim information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021,2022, filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 31, 2022.7, 2023.

Basis of Presentation

The Company prepared the consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)U.S. GAAP and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC")SEC and, in the Company's opinion, reflect all adjustments, including normal recurring items that are necessary.

Arimoclomol Acquisition

On May 15, 2022, the Company and Zevra Denmark A/S (formerly known as KemPharm Denmark A/S (“KemPharmprior to February 21, 2023) (“Zevra DK”), a newly formed Danish company and wholly-owned subsidiary of KemPharm, Inc.,the Company, entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Arimoclomol Purchase Agreement”) with Orphazyme A/S in restructuring, a Danish public limited liability company (“Orphazyme”). The Arimoclomol Purchase Agreement closed on May 31, 2022. Under the terms of the Arimoclomol Purchase Agreement, KemPharmZevra DK purchased all of the assets and operations of Orphazyme related to arimoclomol and settled all of Orphazyme’s actual outstanding liabilities to its creditors with a cash payment of $12.8 million. In addition, KemPharmZevra DK agreed to assume an estimated reserve liability of $5.2 million related to revenue generated from Orphazyme’s Early Access Program in France.

The Company accounted for the arimoclomol acquisition as an asset acquisition as the majority of the value of the assets acquired related to the arimoclomol acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) asset. The intangible asset associated with IPR&D relates to arimoclomol. The estimated fair value of $17.7 million was determined using the excess earnings valuation method, a variation of the income valuation approach. The excess earnings valuation method estimates the value of an intangible asset equal to the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flows attributable to that intangible asset over its remaining economic life. Some of the more significant assumptions utilized in ourthe Company's asset valuations included the estimated net cash flows for asset, including netprojected revenues, costprobability of sales, research and development and other operating expenses, the potential regulatory and commercial success, rates, competitive trends impactingand the assets, and tax rates, and were based on our most recent strategic plan.discount rate. The fair value using the excess earnings valuation method was determined using an estimated weighted average cost of capital of 42%, which reflects the risks inherent in future cash flow projections and represents a rate of return that a market participant would expect for this asset. This fair value measurement was based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent Level 3 fair value measurement.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"), Subtopic 730-10-25, Accounting for Research and Development Costs, the up-front payments to acquire a new drug compound, as well as future milestone payments when paid or payable, are immediately expensed as acquired IPR&D in transactions other than a business combination provided that the drug has not achieved regulatory approval for marketing and, absent obtaining such approval, has no alternative future use. Therefore, the portion of the purchase price that was allocated to the IPR&D assets acquired was immediately expensed. Other assets acquired and liabilities assumed, were recorded at fair value. The companyCompany also recordedrecorded a $0.7$0.8 million income tax benefit for the three and six monthsyear ended June 30, December 31,2022,related to research and development credits that are expected to be realized from the local jurisdiction in Denmark. 

The following represents the consideration paid and purchase price allocation for the acquisition of arimoclomol (in thousands):

Underwriting Agreement

(1) As a result of the asset acquisition accounting, the transaction costs associated with the acquisition should be included in the costs of the assets acquired and allocated amongst qualifying assets using the relative fair value basis. The transaction costs primarily included financial advisor fees and legal expenses.

(2) The primary asset acquired, the IPR&D asset, was expensed and the allocated transaction related costs were included with and expensed with this asset.

On January 8,2021, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (the “Underwriter” or "Roth"),Amendment to issue and sell 6,765,463 shares of common stock of the Company, pre-funded warrants to purchase 926,844 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 7,692,307 shares of common stock at an exercise price per share of $6.50 in an underwritten public offering (the “Public Offering”) pursuant to a registration statementRegistration Statement on Form S-13 (File No.333-250945) and a related prospectus, in each case filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The offering price to the public was $6.50 per share of common stock and accompanying warrant, representing a public offering price of $6.4999 per share of common stock and $0.0001 per related warrant. In addition, the Company granted the Underwriter an option to purchase, for a period of 45 days, up to an additional 1,153,846 shares of the Company’s common stock and/or warrants to purchase up to an additional 1,153,846 shares of the Company’s common stock.

On January 8,2021, the Underwriter exercised its over-allotment option, in part, for warrants to purchase 754,035 shares of the Company’s common stock. Further on February 1, 2021, the Underwriter again exercised its over-allotment option to purchase 374,035 shares of common stock.

On January 12,2021, the Company closed the Public Offering. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the Public Offering, including over-allotment, totaled approximately $52.4 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

On January 25, 2022, the Company filed an amendment to the registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-250945) on Form S-3 covering the issuance of the shares of ourthe Company's common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants issued in the Public OfferingCompany's January 2021 underwritten public offering (the "Public Offering") and remaining unexercised as of the date of the amendment, which was declared effective on February 1, 2022.

Listing onOn March 1, 2023, following its name change, the Nasdaq Stock Market

On January 7,2021, the Company’s common stock was approved for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Company’sCompany's common stock began trading on the Nasdaq CapitalGlobal Select Market on January 8,2021, under the ticker symbol “KMPH”"ZVRA".

On 

Entry into 2021 ATM Agreement

On July 2, 2021, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the "2021 ATM Agreement") with JMP Securities LLC ("JMP") and RBC Capital Markets, LLC ("RBCCM") under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million through JMP and RBCCM as its sales agents. The issuance and sale, if any, of common stock by the Company under the 2021 ATM Agreement will be made pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3. JMP and RBCCM may sell the common stock by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. JMP and RBCCM will use commercially reasonable efforts to sell the common stock from time to time, based upon instructions from the Company (including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may impose). The Company will pay JMP and RBCCM a commission equal to 3.0% in the aggregate of the gross sales proceeds of any common stock sold through JMP and RBCCM under the 2021 ATM Agreement. The Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 covering the sale of the shares of its common stock up to $350.0 million, $75.0 million of which was allocated to the sales of the shares of common stock issuable under the 2021 ATM Agreement, which was declared effective on July 12, 2021. As of June 30, 2022,March 31, 2023, 0no shares have been issued or sold under the 2021 ATM Agreement.

Share Repurchase Program

On December 20, 2021, the Company initiated a share repurchase program (the "Share Repurchase Program") pursuant to which the Company may repurchase up to $50 million of shares of its common stock through December 31, 2023. Capital allocation to the Share Repurchase Program will be based on a variety of factors, including ourthe Company's business results, the receipt of royalties and sales milestones under the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement (refer to Note B), and potentially other sources of non-dilutive capital that may become available to the Company. Repurchases will be made in compliance with Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, subject to a variety of factors, including the market price of the Company’s common stock, general market and economic conditions and applicable legal requirements. The exact number of shares to be repurchased by the Company is not guaranteed and the program may be suspended, modified, or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The Company does not currently intend to retire the repurchased treasury shares, rather all repurchased treasury shares will remain authorized but unissued. As of June 30, 2022,March 31, 2023, the Company hashad repurchased 909,9531,575,692 shares of its common stock for approximately $7.5$11.0 million under the Share Repurchase Program.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, the useful lives of property and equipment, the recoverability of long-lived assets, the incremental borrowing rate for leases, and assumptions used for purposes of determining stock-based compensation, income taxes, the fair value of long-term investments and the fair value of the derivative and warrant liability and discount and rebate liabilities, among others. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities.

Investments

The Company maintains investment securities that are classified as available-for-sale securities for which the Company has elected the fair value option under ASC 825,Financial Instruments. As such, these securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in fair value adjustment related to investments on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The securities primarily consist of U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. government-sponsored agency securities and are included in securities at fair value in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31,2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company held securities with an aggregate fair value of $34.4 million and $16.9 million, respectively, that contained aggregate unrealized losses of approximately $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Applying fair value accounting to these debt securities more accurately represents the Company's investment strategy due to the fact that excess cash is currently being invested for the purpose of funding future operations. In addition, the Company holds certificates of deposit totaling $20.7 million as of March 31,2023, and December 31, 2022, and are included in short-term investments - other in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Interest income is recognized as earned using an effective yield method giving effect to the amortization of premium and accretion of discount and is based on the economic life of the securities. Interest income is included in Interest and other income, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue Recognition

The Company commenced recognizingrecognizes revenue in accordance with the provisions of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), starting and, as a result, follows the January five-step model when recognizing revenue: 1) identifying a contract; 2018.2) identifying the performance obligations; 3) determining the transaction price; 4) allocating the price to performance obligations; and 5) recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been fulfilled.

Arimoclomol Early Access Program

Arrangements with Multiple-Performance Obligations

From time to time, the Company enters into arrangements for research and development, manufacturing and/or commercialization services. Such arrangements may require the Company to deliver various rights, services, including intellectual property rights/licenses, research and development services, and/or commercialization services. The underlying terms of these arrangements generally provide for consideration to the Company in the form of nonrefundable upfront license fees, development and commercial performance milestone payments, royalty payments, consulting fees and/or profit sharing.

In arrangements involving more than one performance obligation, each required performance obligation is evaluated to determine whether it qualifies as a distinct performance obligation based on whether (i) the customer can benefitNet revenue includes revenue from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available and (ii)sale of arimoclomol for the good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The considerationtreatment of NPC under the arrangementremunerated early access compassionate use program in France (“French nATU”). An early access compassionate use program is then allocateda program giving specific patients access to each separate distinct performance obligation based on its respective relative stand-alone selling price. The estimated selling price of each deliverable reflects the Company’s best estimate of what the selling price would be if the deliverable was regularly sold by the Company on a stand-alone basis or using an adjusted market assessment approach if selling price on a stand-alone basisdrug, which is not available.

The consideration allocatedyet approved for commercial sale. Only drugs targeting serious or rare indications and for which there is currently no appropriate treatment are considered for early access compassionate use programs. Further, to each distinctbe considered for the early access compassionate use program, the drug must have proven efficacy and safety and must either be undergoing price negotiations or seeking marketing approval. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when fulfilling its performance obligation is recognized as revenueunder the Arimoclomol Early Access Program ("Arimoclomol EAP") by transferring control of promised goods or services to its customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when the customer obtains control of the related goods product, the Company considers certain indicators, including whether the Company has a present right to payment from the customer, whether title and/or services is transferred. Consideration associated with at-risk substantive performance milestonessignificant risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer and whether the customer acceptance has been received. Revenue is recognized asnet of sales deductions, including discounts, rebates, applicable distributor fees, and revenue-based taxes. Under the French nATU, the manufacturer can set its own price for the drug products until a price agreement with the authorities is in place. Any excess in the price charged the manufacturer compared to the price agreed with the health authorities once the drug product is approved in France must be repaid. The repayment is considered in the clawback liability (rebate). An estimate of net revenue when it is probable that a significant reversaland clawback liability are recognized using the ‘expected value’ method. Accounting for net revenue and clawback liability requires determination of the cumulative revenue recognized willmost appropriate method for the expected final transaction price, which depends on the terms and conditions in the contracts with the French Health Authorities and is subject to price negotiations with the French Health Authorities, following marketing approval. This estimate also requires assumptions with respect to inputs into the method, including current pricing of comparable marketed products within the rare disease area in France. Management has considered the expected final sales price as well as the price of similar drug products. The Company is operating within a rare disease therapeutic area where there is unmet treatment need and hence a limited number of comparable commercialized drugs products. The limited available relevant market information for directly comparable commercialized drugs within rare disease increases the uncertainty in management's estimate. For the notthree occur. Should there be royalties, months ended March 31, 2023, the Company utilizesrecognized revenue related to the salesArimoclomol EAP in France of $2.0million, which is net of a clawback liability of $1.3 million and usage-based royalty exception in arrangements that resultedother gross to net adjustments. As part of the Arimoclomol Purchase Agreement the Company assumed an estimated reserve liability of $5.2 million related to revenue generated from the licenseArimoclomol EAP in France. The total estimate reserve liability as of intellectual property, recognizing revenues generated from royalties or profit sharingMarch 31,2023, including the additional clawback liability for the three months ended March 31,2023, was $10.5million. The total reserve liability as of December 31, 2022, was $9.0 million. As of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, this estimated reserve liability is recorded as discount and rebate liabilities in the underlying sales occur.unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and is separated into current and long-term based upon the timing of the expected payment to the French regulators.

Licensing Agreements

The Company enters into licensing agreements with licensees that fall under the scope of ASC 606.

The terms of the Company’s licensing agreements typically include one or more of the following: (i) upfront fees; (ii) milestone payments related to the achievement of development, regulatory, or commercial goals; and (iii) royalties on net sales of licensed products. Each of these payments may result in licensing revenues.

As part of the accounting for these agreements, the Company must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations. Generally, the estimation of the stand-alone selling price may include such estimates as, independent evidence of market price, forecasted revenues or costs, development timelines, discount rates, and probability of regulatory success. The Company evaluates each performance obligation to determine if they can be satisfied at a point in time or over time, and it measures the services delivered to the licensee which are periodically reviewed based on the progress of the related program. The effect of any change made to an estimated input component and, therefore revenue or expense recognized, would be recorded as a change in estimate. In addition, variable consideration (e.g., milestone payments) must be evaluated to determine if it is constrained and, therefore, excluded from the transaction price.

Up-front Fees: If a license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenues from the transaction price allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time.

Milestone Payments: At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments (variable consideration), the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the Company’s or the licensee’s control, such as non-operational developmental and regulatory approvals, are generally not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. At the end of each reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of milestones that are within its or the licensee’s control, such as operational developmental milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect collaboration revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. Revisions to the Company’s estimate of the transaction price may also result in negative licensing revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment.

KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement

In September 2019, the Company entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement (the “KP415“AZSTARYS License Agreement”) with Commave Therapeutics SA ("Commave"), an affiliate of Gurnet Point Capital (“Commave”("GPC"). Under the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement, the Company granted to Commave an exclusive, worldwide license to develop, manufacture and commercialize the Company’s product candidates containing SDX and d-methylphenidate (“d-MPH”),d-MPH, including AZSTARYS,KP484, and, at the option of Commave, KP879,KP922 or any other product candidate developed by the Companycandidates containing SDX and developed to treat ADHD or any other CNS disorder (the “Additional Product Candidates” and, collectively withcentral nervous system ("CNS") disease. Corium, Inc. ("Corium") was tasked by Commave, to lead all commercialization activities for AZSTARYS and KP484,under the “Licensed Product Candidates”).AZSTARYS License Agreement. Pursuant to the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement, Commave (i) paid the Company an upfront payment of $10.0 million; (ii) agreed to pay milestone payments of up to $63.0 million upon the occurrence of specified regulatory milestones related to AZSTARYS, and KP484; (iii) agreed to pay additional fixed payments of up to $420.0 million upon the achievement of specified U.S. sales milestones;milestones, and (iv) has agreed to pay the Company quarterly, tiered royalty payments ranging frombased on a percentage in the high single digits to the mid-twentiesrange of Net Sales (as defined in the KP415 License Agreement) in the United States and a percentage in the low to mid-single digitspercentages of Net Sales in each country outside the United States, in each case subject to specified reductions under certain conditions as described in the KP415 License Agreement.net sales. Commave is obligated to make such royalty payments on a product-by-product basis until expiration of the royalty term for the applicable product.

In April 2021, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the KP415 AmendmentAZSTARYS License Agreement (the "KP415"AZSTARYS Amendment"). Pursuant to the KP415AZSTARYS Amendment, the Company and Commave agreed to modify the compensation terms of the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement. Pursuant to the KP415 Amendment, Commave paid the Company $10.0 million in connection with the entry into the KP415 Amendment as a result of the regulatory approval ofThe AZSTARYS in the United States which occurred on March 2, 2021. Commave also paid the Company $10.0 million following the receipt of the scheduling determination of the compound SDX by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (the "DEA"), which occurred on May 7, 2021. In addition, the KP415 Amendment increased the total remaining future regulatory and sales milestone payments related to AZSTARYS to up to an aggregate of $590.0 million in payments upon the occurrence of specified regulatory milestones related to AZSTARYS and upon the achievement of specified U.S. net sales milestones. Further, under the KP415 Amendment, Commave agreed to pay the Company quarterly, tiered royalty payments that are calculated from a base royalty rate percentage in the high single digits to the mid-twenties of net sales in the United States, subject to adjustment based on annual net sales, and a percentage in the low to mid-single digits of Net Sales in each country outside the United States, in each case subject to specified reductions under certain conditions, including with respect to the final approval label, as described in the KP415 License Agreement. Commave is obligated to make such royalty payments on a product-by-product basis until expiration of the royalty term for the applicable product.

Pursuant to the KP415 Amendment, Commave and the Company also agreed to modify Commave’s right of first refusal ("ROFR") such that the Company’s product candidate, KP922, is no longer subject to Commave’ ROFR to acquire, license or commercialize any Additional Product Candidate. Commave’s ROFR shall only apply to any Additional Product Candidate which contains SDX, with such ROFR expiring upon the acceptance of an NDA for such Additional Product Candidate containing SDX.

Commave also agreed to be responsible for and reimburse the Company for all of the development, commercialization and regulatory expenses incurred on the licensed products, subject to certain limitations as set forth in the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement. As part of this agreement, the Company is obligated to perform consulting services on behalf of Commave related to the licensed products. For these consulting services, Commave has agreed to pay the Company a set rate per hour on any consulting services performed on behalf of Commave for the benefit of the licensed products.

In accordance with the terms of the Company’s March 20, 2012 Termination Agreement with Aquestive Therapeutics, (formerly known as MonoSol Rx, LLC), Aquestive Therapeutics has the right to receive an amount equal to 10% of any royalty or milestone payments made to the Company related to AZSTARYS, KP484,KP879 or KP1077 under the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement.

The KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement is within the scope of ASC 606, as the transaction represents a contract with a customer where the participants function in a customer / vendor relationship and are not exposed equally to the risks and rewards of the activities contemplated under the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement. Using the concepts of ASC 606, the Company identified the grant of the exclusive, worldwide license and the performance of consulting services, which includes the reimbursement of out-of-pocket third-party research and development costs, as its only two performance obligations at inception. The Company further determined that the transaction price, at inception, under the agreement was $10.0 million upfront payment plus the fair value of the Development Costs (as defined in the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement) which was allocated among the performance obligations based on their respective related stand-alone selling price.

The consideration allocated to the grant of the exclusive, worldwide license was $10.0 million, which reflects the standalone selling price. The Company utilized the adjusted market assessment approach to determine this standalone selling price which included analyzing prospective offers received from various entities throughout our licensing negotiation process as well as the consideration paid to other competitors in the market for a similar type of transaction. The Company determined that the intellectual property licensed under the KP415 License Agreement represented functional intellectual property and it has significant standalone functionality and therefore should be recognized at a point in time as opposed to over time. The revenue related to the grant of the exclusive, worldwide license was recognized at a point in time at the inception of the KP415 License Agreement.

Under the KP415 License Agreement, Commave was granted an exclusive right to first negotiation whereby upon completion of a Phase 1 proof-of-concept study, the Company and Commave may negotiate the economic terms under which certain Additional Products may be included as a Product (both as defined in the KP415 License Agreement) under the KP415 License Agreement (the “Additional Product Option”). In addition to the Additional Product Option, Commave was also granted a ROFR to acquire, license and/or commercialize any of the Additional Product Candidates should they choose not to exercise the Additional Product Option. Should Commave choose to exercise the Additional Product Option on any Additional Product Candidates, Commave and the Company shall negotiate in good faith regarding the economic terms of such Additional Product Candidate. Further, should Commave exercise the ROFR on any Additional Product Candidate, the economic terms of the agreement shall be the same as those offered to the third-party. Under ASC 606 an option to acquire additional goods or services gives rise to a performance obligation if the option provides a material right to the customer. The Company concluded that the above-described Additional Product Option and ROFR do not constitute material rights to the customer as Commave would acquire the goods or services at a to be negotiated price, which the Company expects to approximate fair value and therefore Commave would not receive a material discount on these goods or services compared to market rates.

The Company is entitled to additional payments from Commave conditioned upon the achievement of specified regulatory milestones related to AZSTARYS and KP484 and the achievement of certain U.S. sales milestones. Further, Commave will pay the Company quarterly, tiered royalty payments ranging frombased on a range of percentage in the high single digits to mid-twenties of Net Sales (as defined in the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement) in the United States and a percentage in the low to mid-single digits of Net Sales in each country outside of the U.S., in each case subject to specified reductions under certain conditions as described in the KP415 License Agreement.. The Company concluded that these regulatory milestones, sales milestones and royalty payments each contain a significant uncertainty associated with a future event. As such, these milestone and royalty payments are constrained at contract inception and are not included in the transaction price as the Company could not conclude that it is probable a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur surrounding these milestone payments. At the end of each reporting period, the Company updates its assessment of whether the milestone and royalty payments are constrained by considering both the likelihood and magnitude of the potential revenue reversal.

Per the KP415 Amendment, the Company earned a regulatory milestone payment of $10.0 million following the FDA’s approval of the AZSTARYS NDA, in March 2021, as well as $10.0 million following the DEA's scheduling of SDX in May 2021. Since the FDA approved the NDA for AZSTARYS and the DEA scheduled SDX, the constraints were removed and revenue recognized. The associated revenue was allocated among the two performance obligations identified at contract inception. Since both performance obligations were satisfied as of the end of each respective quarter of 2021, the full $10.0 million for each milestone was recognized as revenue in the statements of operations for the first quarter and second quarter of 2021, respectively. In accordance with ASC 340-40,Contracts with Customers, the Company recognized $1.0 million, respectively, of royalty costs due to payment to Aquestive related to the regulatory milestones earned and recorded it in the item titled royalty and direct contract acquisition costs in the unaudited condensed statements of operations for first and second quarter of 2021.

For the three and sixmonths ended June 30, March 31, 2023 and 2022,the Company recognized $0.6 million and $0.1 million of revenue under the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement, of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, primarily related to royalties. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized revenue under the KP415 License Agreement of $10.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively, primarily related to licensing and collaboration revenue as a result of regulatory milestones met during the periods.respectively. There was 0no deferred revenue related to this agreement as of June 30, 2022,March 31, 2023, or December 31, 2021.2022.

Consulting Arrangements

The Company enters into consulting arrangements with third parties that fall under the scope of ASC 606.  These arrangements may require the Company to deliver various rights, services, including research and development services, regulatory services and/or commercialization support services. The underlying terms of these arrangements generally provide for consideration to the Company in the form of consulting fees and reimbursements of out-of-pocket third-party research and development, regulatory and commercial costs.

Corium Consulting Agreement

In July 2020, the Company entered into a consultation services arrangement (the “Corium Consulting Agreement”) with Corium Inc. (“Corium”) under which Corium engaged the Company to guide the product development and regulatory activities for certain current and potential future products in Corium’s portfolio, as well as continue supporting preparation for the potential commercial launch of AZSTARYS (together, “Corium Consulting Services”). Corium is a portfolio company of Gurnet Point CapitalGPC and was tasked by Commave to lead all commercialization activities for AZSTARYS under the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement, as discussed above.

Under the Corium Consulting Agreement, the Company was entitled to receive payments from Corium of up to $15.6 million, $13.6 million of which was earnedpaid in monthlyquarterly installments through March 31, 20222022. and paid in arrears. The remaining $2.0 million was conditioned upon the approval by the FDA of the NDA for Corium's product candidate, ADLARITY, whichADLARITY. This $2.0 million was approved by the FDAearned in the first quarter of 2022. Corium also agreed to be responsible for and reimburse the Company for all development, commercialization and regulatory expenses incurred as part of the performance of the Corium Consulting Services.

The Corium Consulting Agreement is within the scope of ASC 606, as the transaction represents a contract with a customer where the participants function in a customer / vendor relationship and are not exposed equally to the risks and rewards of the activities contemplated under the Corium Consulting Agreement. Using the concepts of ASC 606, theThe Company identified the performance of consulting services, which includes the reimbursement to the Company of third-party pass-through costs, as its only performance obligation at inception. The Company further determined that the transaction price, at inception, under the agreement was $13.6 million which is the fair value of the consulting services, including the reimbursement of third-party pass-through costs. The Company concluded that the regulatory milestone contains a significant uncertainty associated with a future event. As such, this milestone is constrained at contract inception and is not included in the transaction price as the Company could not conclude that it is probable a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur surrounding these milestone payments. At the end of each reporting period, the Company updates its assessment of whether the milestone is constrained by considering both the likelihood and magnitude of the potential revenue reversal.

The Company determined that the performance of consulting services, including reimbursement of third-party pass-through costs, is a performance obligation that is satisfied over time as the services are performed and the reimbursable costs are paid. As such, the revenue related to the performance obligation will bewas recognized as the consulting services arewere performed and the services associated with the reimbursable third-party pass-through costs arewere incurred and paid by the Company, in accordance with the practical expedient allowed under ASC 606 regarding an entity’s right to consideration from a customer in an amount that corresponds directly to the value to the customer of the entity’s performance completed to date. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had recognized approximately all of the consulting services and third-party pass-through costs under the Corium Consulting Agreement.

For the three months ended June 30, 2021,March 31, 2023, and 2022,the Company recognized $0.2 million and $3.5 million of revenue, respectively, under the Corium Consulting AgreementAgreement. As of $1.6 million, and 0 revenue was recognized under the Corium Consulting Agreement for the three months ended June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2022,March 31, 2023, and 2021, the Company recognized revenue under the Corium Consulting Agreement of $3.9 million, which included the $2.0 million milestone payment discussed above, and $3.2 million, respectively. As of June 30,December 31, 2022, the Company had 0no deferred revenue related to this agreement. As ofThe Corium Consulting Agreement expired on DecemberMarch 31, 2021, 2023.the Company had deferred revenue related to this agreement of $0.4 million.

Other Consulting Arrangements

Foreign currency

ForAssets and liabilities are translated into the three months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021,reporting currency using the Company recognized revenue under other consulting arrangements of $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Forexchange rates in effect on the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 2021, the Company recognized revenue under other consulting arrangements of $0.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively. There was deferred revenue from other consulting arrangements as of June 30, 2022, of less than $0.1 million, and 0 deferred revenue from other consulting arrangements as of December 31, 2021.

Arimoclomol Early Access Program

The Company recognizes revenue when fulfilling its performance obligation under the Arimoclomol Early Access Program ("Arimoclomol EAP") by transferring control of promised goods or services to its customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized net of sales deductions, including discounts, rebates, applicable distributor fees, and revenue-based taxes. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606 and, as a result, follows the five-step model when recognizing revenue: 1) identifying a contract; 2) identifying the performance obligations; 3) determining the transaction price; 4) allocating the price to the performance obligations; and 5) recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been fulfilled.

Net revenue comprises revenue from the sale of arimoclomolunaudited consolidated condensed balance sheet dates. Equity accounts are translated at historical rates, except for the treatment of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C ("NPC") underchange in retained earnings during the remunerated early access compassionate use program (“nATU”) in France. An early access compassionate use program is a program giving specific patients access to a drug,year, which is not yet approved for commercial sale.

Only drugs targeting serious or rare indicationsthe result of the income statement translation process. Revenue and for which there is currently no appropriate treatmentexpense accounts are considered for early access compassionate use programs. Further, to be considered fortranslated using the early access compassionate use program,weighted average exchange rate during the drug must have proven efficacy and safety and must either be undergoing price negotiations or seeking marketing approval.

Revenue is recognized when the drug products are sold to the customer, i.e., at the time when control over the drug product is transferred to the third-party customer. Under the French nATU, the manufacturer can set its own price for the drug products until a price agreementperiod. The cumulative translation adjustments associated with the authorities isnet assets of foreign subsidiaries are recorded in place. Any excessaccumulated other comprehensive income/loss in the price charged by the manufacturer compared to the price agreed with the health authorities once the drug product is approved in France must be repaid. The repayment is considered in the clawback liability.

All sales and distributions of arimoclomol are included in the service agreement with Clinigen Health Limited, who keep goods on a consignment stock until it is transferred to the third-party customer (early access patient sites).

An estimate of net revenue and clawback liability are recognized using the ‘expected value’ method.

Accounting for net revenue and clawback liability requires determination of the most appropriate method for the expected final transaction price, which depends on the terms and conditions in the contracts with the French Health Authorities, and is subject to price negotiations with the French Health Authorities, following a market approval. This estimate also requires assumptions with respect to inputs into the method, including current pricing of comparable marketed products within the rare disease area in France. Management has considered the expected final sales price as well as the price of similar drug products.

Management has based their initial sales prices on comparable drug products for arimoclomol, and the estimate of the clawback liability on the basis of the average cost of treatment which the authorities are expected to cover.

In the estimate for clawback liability, management applied relevant available market data. Management’s assumptions are based on available relevant market information regarding average treatment cost of the most comparable drugs possible in the rare disease area in Europe. The Company is operating within a rare disease therapeutic area where there is unmet treatment need and hence a limited number of comparable commercialized drugs products. The limited available relevant market information for directly comparable commercialized drugs within rare disease increases the uncertainty in management's estimate.

The Company records revenues from product sales when there is a transfer of control of the product from the Company to the customer. The Company typically determines transfer of control based on when the product is shipped or delivered and title passes to the customer. In determining when the customer obtains control of the product, the Company considers certain indicators, including whether the Company has a present right to payment from the customer, whether title and/or significant risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer and whether customer acceptance has been received. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized revenue related to the Arimoclomol EAP in France of $0.9 million, which is net of a clawback liability of $0.5 million during the same periods. 

As part of the Arimoclomol Purchase Agreement the Company assumed an estimated reserve liability of $5.2 million related to revenue generated from the Arimoclomol EAP in France. The total estimate reserve liability as of June 30, 2022, including the additional clawback liability for the three months ended June 30, 2022, was $5.7 million. As of June 30, 2022, this estimated reserve liability is recorded as discount and rebate liabilities in theaccompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet and is separated into current and long-term based upon the timingstatements of the expected payment to the French regulators.stockholders’ equity.

Accounts and Other Receivables

Accounts and other receivables consist of receivables under the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement and Arimoclomol EAP, as well as receivables related to consulting arrangements, income tax receivables and other receivables due to the Company. Receivables under the KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement are recorded for amounts due to the Company related to reimbursable third-party costs and royalties on product sales. Receivables under the Arimoclomol EAP are recorded for product sales under the program in France.French nATU. These receivables, as well as the receivables related to consulting arrangements, are evaluated to determine if any reserve or allowance should be established at each reporting date. As of June 30,March 31, 2022,2023, the Company had receivables related to the Arimoclomol EAP of $1.4$5.3 million, KP415AZSTARYS License Agreement of $0.1$0.6 million, consulting arrangements of $0.3 million,$0.2 million, income tax receivables of $0.7 $1.0 million, and other receivables of $0.3$0.7 million. As of December 31, 2021,2022, the Company had receivables related to the Arimoclomol EAP of $6.3 million, Corium Consulting Agreement of $1.2 million, KP415$0.2 million, AZSTARYS License Agreement of $0.1$0.5 million, income tax receivables of $0.1 $0.9 million and other consulting arrangementsreceivables of $0.1 million.$0.4 million. As of June 30, 2022,March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2021,2022, 0no reserve or allowance for doubtful accounts hashad been established.

Application of New or Revised Accounting Standards—Adopted

From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) or other standard-setting bodies issue accounting standards that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06,Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options(Subtopic470-20)and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic815-40);Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”), which addresses issues identified as a result of the complexities associated with applying U.S. GAAP for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. This update addresses, among other things, the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock, targeted improvements to the disclosures for convertible instruments and earnings-per-share (“EPS”) guidance and amendments to the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity, as well as the related EPS guidance. This update applies to all entities that issue convertible instruments and/or contracts in an entity’s own equity. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15,2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years. FASB specified that an entity should adopt the guidance as of the beginning of its annual fiscal year. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements and disclosures.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04,Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt— Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40); Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options, a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force (“ASU 2021-04”), which aims to clarify and reduce diversity in issuer's accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This update applies to all entities that issue freestanding written call options that are classified in equity. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15,2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years. FASB specified that an entity should adopt the guidance as of the beginning of its annual fiscal year. The adoption of ASU 2021-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements and disclosures.

As of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company had 0 convertible notes outstanding.

Deerfield Facility Agreement

In  June 2014, the Company entered into a $60 million multi-tranche credit facility (the “Deerfield Facility Agreement”) with Deerfield Private Design Fund III, LP (“Deerfield”). At the time the Company entered into the Deerfield Facility Agreement, the Company borrowed the first tranche, which consisted of a term loan of $15 million (the “Term Note”) and a senior secured loan of $10 million (the “Deerfield Convertible Note”). Deerfield was able to convert any portion of the outstanding principal and any accrued but unpaid interest on the Deerfield Convertible Note into shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $5.85 per share (the “Deerfield Note Put Option”). After giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split effected in December 2020, the conversion price became $93.60.

The Deerfield Convertible Note originally bore interest at 9.75% per annum but was subsequently reduced to 6.75%. Interest accrued on the outstanding balance under the Deerfield Convertible Note was due quarterly in arrears. The Company originally had to repay one-third of the outstanding principal amount of the Deerfield Convertible Note on the fourth and fifth anniversaries of the Deerfield Facility Agreement ( June 2018 and June 2019). In June 2018, Deerfield agreed to convert approximately $3.3 million of the principal amount then due, plus approximately $0.2 million of accrued interest, into 37,410 shares of our common stock (as discussed below in the section entitled “Facility Agreement Waiver and Fifth Amendment to Senior Secured Convertible Note”). In September 2019, the Company entered into an amendment with Deerfield in order to (i) reduce the interest rate applicable under the Deerfield Facility Agreement from 9.75% to 6.75%, (ii) provide for “payment in kind” of interest on the Loans (as defined in the Deerfield Facility Agreement), and (iii) defer the Loan payments due pursuant to the Deerfield Facility Agreement until June 1,2020 (as discussed below in the section entitled “2021 Note Exchange Effected in September 2019”). In December 2019, the Company entered into another amendment with Deerfield in order to (i) defer the Loan payments due pursuant to the Deerfield Facility Agreement until March 31,2021, and (ii) allow for the entries of additional debt and debt holders under the Deerfield Facility Agreement (as discussed below in the section entitled “2021 Note Exchange Effected in December 2019”). The Company was also obligated to repay principal of the Deerfield Convertible Note in the amount of approximately $7.0 million plus any capitalized interest to date on March 31,2021. Prepayment of the outstanding balance was not allowed without written consent of Deerfield.

Pursuant to the Deerfield Facility Agreement, the Company issued to Deerfield a warrant to purchase 14,423,076 shares of Series D Preferred at an initial exercise price of $0.78 per share, which is exercisable until  June 2,2024 (the “Deerfield Warrant”). Upon completion of the Company’s initial public offering, the Deerfield Warrant automatically converted into a warrant to purchase 1,923,077 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $5.85 per share. After giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split effected in December 2020, the shares issuable upon conversion of the warrant became 120,192 shares of common stock, and the exercise price of the Deerfield Warrant became $93.60 per share, which in January 2021 and June 2021 was further adjusted to $46.25 and $38.34 per share, respectively, in connection with the Company entering into the January 2021 and June 2021 Inducement Transactions (as defined in Note F) each of which triggered the anti-dilution provisions of the Deerfield Warrant. This warrant qualifies as a participating security under ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share, and is treated as such in the net loss per share calculation (Note I). If a Major Transaction occurs (as defined in the Deerfield Facility Agreement) Deerfield  may require the Company to redeem the Deerfield Warrant for a cash amount equal to the Black-Scholes value of the portion of the Deerfield Warrant to be redeemed (the “Warrant Put Option”).

The Company recorded the fair value of the shares of Series D Preferred to debt issuance costs on the date of issuance. The Company also recorded the fair value of the Deerfield Warrant and the embedded Warrant Put Option to debt discount on the date of issuance. The debt issuance costs and debt discount were amortized over the term of the related debt and the expense was recorded as interest expense related to amortization of debt issuance costs and discount in the statements of operations. In the first quarter of 2021, the debt was extinguished, through a series of debt payments and a conversion of debt principal and interest to Series B-2 Preferred Stock. As a result of the debt extinguishment, the associated discount and debt issuance costs were written off and recorded as a loss on extinguishment.

Pursuant to the Deerfield Facility Agreement, the Company was not able to enter into specified transactions, including a debt financing in the aggregate value of $750,000 or more, other than permitted indebtedness under the Deerfield Facility Agreement, a merger, an asset sale or any other change of control transaction or any joint venture, partnership or other profit-sharing arrangement, without the prior approval of the Required Lenders (as defined in the Deerfield Facility Agreement). Additionally, if the Company were to enter into a major transaction, including a merger, consolidation, sale of substantially all of its assets or other change of control transaction, Deerfield would have had the ability to demand that prior to consummation of such transaction the Company repay all outstanding principal and accrued interest of any notes issued under the Deerfield Facility Agreement. Under each warrant issued pursuant to the Deerfield Facility Agreement, Deerfield has the right to demand that the Company redeem the warrant for a cash amount equal to the Black-Scholes value of a portion of the warrant upon the occurrence of specified events, including a merger, an asset sale or any other change of control transaction.

Issuance of 5.50% Senior Convertible Notes and Third Amendment to Senior Secured Convertible Note and Warrant

In  February 2016, the Company issued $86.3 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.50% Senior Convertible Notes due 2021 (the “2021 Notes”) to Cowen and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, as representatives of the several initial purchasers (the “Initial Purchasers”), who subsequently resold the 2021 Notes to qualified institutional buyers (the “Note Offering”) in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

The 2021 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of  February 9,2016 (the “Indenture”), between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). Interest on the 2021 Notes was payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on  February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on August 1, 2016, at a rate of 5.50% per year. The 2021 Notes had an original maturity of  February 1,2021 unless earlier converted or repurchased.

The net proceeds from the Note Offering were approximately $82.8 million, after deducting the Initial Purchasers’ discount and estimated offering expenses. Concurrent with the Note Offering, the Company used approximately $18.6 million of the net proceeds from the Note Offering to repay in full the Term Note, plus all accrued but unpaid interest, a make-whole interest payment and a prepayment premium on the Term Note.

The 2021 Notes were not redeemable prior to the maturity date, and 0 sinking fund was provided for the 2021 Notes. The 2021 Notes were convertible at an initial conversion rate of 58.4454 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2021 Notes, subject to adjustment under the Indenture, which is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $17.11 per share of common stock. After giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split effected in December 2020, the conversion rate of the 2021 Notes would have been approximately 3.6528 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2021 Notes, which is equal to a conversion price of approximately $273.76 per share.

If the Company underwent a “fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), holders could have required that the Company repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2021 Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2021 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The Indenture included customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default after which the 2021 Notes may have become due and payable immediately.

As described in more detail below, in multiple exchanges occurring in December 2019 and January 2020, all outstanding 2021 Notes were exchanged by the holders thereof for either shares of our common stock or senior secured convertible promissory notes issued under the terms of the Deerfield Facility Agreement.

2021 Note Exchange Effected in December 2019

In December 2019, the Company entered into the  December 2019 Exchange Agreement and Amendment to Facility Agreement, Senior Secured Convertible Notes and Warrants (the “December 2019 Exchange Agreement”) with the Deerfield Lenders and Delaware Street Capital Master Fund, L.P. (“DSC” and, collectively with the Deerfield Lenders, the “December 2019 Holders”). Under the December 2019 Exchange Agreement, the Company issued senior secured convertible promissory notes under the Deerfield Facility Agreement in the aggregate principal amount of  approximately $71.4 million (the “December 2019 Notes”), in exchange for the cancellation of an aggregate of approximately $71.4 million principal amount and accrued interest of the Company’s 2021 Notes. Upon entering into the December 2019 Exchange Agreement, the Company agreed to pay the December 2019 Holders, in the aggregate, an interest payment of approximately $0.7 million which represents 50% of the accrued interest, as of December 18,2019, on the 2021 Notes owned by the December 2019 Holders. The remainder of such interest was included in the principal amount of the December 2019 Notes.

The December 2019 Notes bore interest at 6.75% per annum. The December 2019 Notes were convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $17.11 per share (which represented the conversion price of the 2021 Notes), subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the December 2019 Notes. After giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split effected in December 2020, the conversion price of the December 2019 Notes would have been $273.76 per share. The Company subsequently amended the December 2019 Notes to provide that such notes would have been convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $93.60 per share (which represented the conversion price of the Deerfield Convertible Note). The conversion price of the December 2019 Notes would have been adjusted downward if the Company issued or sold any shares of common stock, convertible securities, warrants or options at a sale or exercise price per share less than the greater of the December 2019 Notes’ conversion price or the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock on the last trading date immediately prior to such issuance, or, in the case of a firm commitment underwritten offering, on the date of execution of the underwriting agreement between the Company and the underwriters for such offering. However, if the Company effected an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act, of its common stock, the conversion price of the December 2019 Notes would have been adjusted downward pursuant to this anti-dilution adjustment only if such sales were made at a price less than $93.60 per share, provided that this anti-dilution adjustment would not have applied to any sales made under (x) the 2020 ELOC Agreement, (y) the ATM Agreement, or (z) the September 2019 Exchange Agreement (as amended). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the December 2019 Notes, the anti-dilution adjustment of such notes would not have resulted in the conversion price of the December 2019 Notes being less than $9.328 per share. The December 2019 Notes were convertible at any time at the option of the holders thereof, provided that a holder of a December 2019 Note was prohibited from converting such note into shares of the Company’s common stock if, as a result of such conversion, such holder (together with certain affiliates and “group” members) would have beneficially owned more than 4.985% of the total number of shares of common stock then issued and outstanding. However, the December 2019 Note issued to DSC, due to the fact DSC was a beneficial owner of more than 4.985% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock then issued and outstanding, had a beneficial ownership cap equal to 19.985% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock then issued and outstanding. Pursuant to the December 2019 Notes, the December 2019 Holders had the option to demand repayment of all outstanding principal, and any unpaid interest accrued thereon, in connection with a Major Transaction (as defined in the December 2019 Notes), which included, among others, any acquisition or other change of control of the Company; a liquidation, bankruptcy or other dissolution of the Company; or if at any time after March 31,2021, shares of the Company’s common stock are not listed on an Eligible Market (as defined in the December 2019 Notes). The December 2019 Notes were subject to specified events of default, the occurrence of which would have entitled the December 2019 Holders to immediately demand repayment of all outstanding principal and accrued interest on the December 2019 Notes. Such events of default included, among others, failure to make any payment under the December 2019 Notes when due, failure to observe or perform any covenant under the Deerfield Facility Agreement (as defined below) or the other transaction documents related thereto (subject to a standard cure period), the failure of the Company to be able to pay debts as they come due, the commencement of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against the Company, a material judgement levied against the Company and a material default by the Company under the Deerfield Warrant, the December 2019 Notes or the Deerfield Convertible Note.

The December 2019 Exchange Agreement amended the Deerfield Facility Agreement in order to, among other things, (i) provide for the Deerfield Facility Agreement to govern the December 2019 Notes received by the December 2019 Holders pursuant to the December 2019 Exchange Agreement, (ii) extend the maturity of the Deerfield Convertible Note from February 14,2020 and June 1,2020, as applicable, to March 31,2021, (iii) defer interest payments on the Deerfield Convertible Note until March 31,2021 (which such interest shall accrue as “payment-in-kind” interest), (iv) designate DSC as a Lender under (and as defined in the Deerfield Facility Agreement), (v) name Deerfield as the “Collateral Agent” for all Lenders and (vi) modify the terms and conditions under which the Company may issue additional pari passu and subordinated indebtedness under the Deerfield Facility Agreement (subject to certain conditions specified in the Deerfield Facility Agreement).

The December 2019 Exchange Agreement also amended and restated the Deerfield Convertible Note to conform the definitions of “Eligible Market” and “Major Transactions” to the definition in the December 2019 Notes, to remove provisions that were only applicable prior to the Company’s initial public offering and to make certain other changes to conform to the December 2019 Notes. The conversion price for the Deerfield Convertible Note remained $93.60 per share, subject to adjustment on the same basis as the December 2019 Notes.

The December 2019 Exchange Agreement also amended the Deerfield Warrant to conform the definitions of “Eligible Market” and “Major Transaction” in the Deerfield Warrant with the definitions of such terms in the December 2019 Notes.

The December 2019 Exchange Agreement contained customary representations, warranties and covenants made by the Company and the December 2019 Holders, including a covenant of the Company to, upon request, use commercially reasonable efforts to use its technology to discover a product based upon a compound that may be identified by the Deerfield Lenders in a manner that is reasonably acceptable to the Deerfield Lenders, or one of their affiliates, with the terms of such discovery plan, including the Company’s compensation thereunder, to be mutually agreed to by the parties.

In connection with entering into the December 2019 Exchange Agreement, on December 18,2019, the Company amended and restated that certain Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated June 2,2014, by and between the Company and the other parties thereto (the “GSA”) to, among other things, (i) provide that all of the notes will be secured by the liens securing the indebtedness under the Deerfield Facility Agreement, and (ii) name Deerfield as the “Collateral Agent” under the GSA.

In connection with entering into the December 2019 Exchange Agreement, the Company also entered into an amendment (the “September 2019 Exchange Agreement Amendment”) to the September 2019 Exchange Agreement to, among other things, (i) amend and restate Annex I of the September 2019 Exchange Agreement to allow the Deerfield Lenders to effect optional exchanges of the December 2019 Notes and the Deerfield Convertible Note under the terms of the September 2019 Exchange Agreement; (ii) amend the common stock exchange price under the September 2019 Exchange Agreement to be a per share price equal to the greater of (x) $0.60, subject to adjustment to reflect stock splits and similar events, or (y) the average of the volume-weighted average prices of the Company’s common stock on each of the 15 trading days immediately preceding such exchange, (iii) provide that no more than 28,439,015 of shares of the Company’s common stock shall be issued pursuant to optional exchanges under the September 2019 Exchange Agreement (whether by common stock exchange or upon conversion of Series B-2 Shares (as defined in the September 2019 Exchange Agreement Amendment)), subject to adjustment to reflect stock splits and similar events and (iv) eliminate limitations regarding the timing and aggregate amount of principal which may be exchanged under the September 2019 Exchange Agreement. These changes in the September 2019 Exchange Agreement Amendment significantly modified the Optional Exchange Principal Amount, as such after giving effect to the September Exchange Agreement Amendment the Optional Exchange Principal Amount ceases to exist the new optional exchanges are referred to as the Deerfield Optional Conversion Feature. After giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split effected in December 2020, the exchange price of the Deerfield Optional Conversion Feature would have been $9.60 per share or the average of the volume-weighted average price of the common stock on the principal securities exchange or trading market on which the common stock is then trading on each of the 15 trading days immediately preceding such exchange and the shares of the Company’s common stock issued pursuant to the optional exchanges would have been 1,777,437 shares of common stock.

In connection with entering into the September 2019 Amendment, the Company filed an amendment to the Series B-2 Certificate of Designation (the “Series B-2 Certificate of Designation Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State Delaware. The Series B-2 Certificate of Designation Amendment provides that each share of the Company’s Series B-2 preferred stock is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a per share price equal to the common stock exchange price under the September 2019 Exchange Agreement, which equals the greater of (i) $9.60 (subject to adjustment to reflect stock splits and similar events), or (ii) the average of the volume-weighted average prices of the Company’s common stock on each of the 15 trading days immediately preceding such exchange.

As of September 30, 2020, the Deerfield Lenders had converted all $17.1 million of principal under the December 2019 Notes into all 1,777,437 shares of common stock available under the Deerfield Optional Conversion Feature.

The Company determined the changes to the Deerfield Convertible Note met the definition of a troubled debt restructuring under ASC 470-60, Troubled Debt Restructurings by Debtors, as the Company was experiencing financial difficulties and Deerfield granted a concession. The amendments to the terms of the Deerfield Convertible Note resulted in no gain on restructuring because the total cash outflows required under the amended Deerfield Convertible Note exceeded the carrying value of the original Deerfield Convertible Note immediately prior to amendment. Prospectively, the Deerfield Convertible Note will continue to be carried net of the associated discount and debt issuance costs which will be amortized and recorded as interest expense using a modified effective interest rate based on the amendments.

The changes to the 2021 Notes, under the December 2019 Exchange Agreement, referred to after as the December 2019 Notes, were accounted for as a debt modification, prospectively, the December 2019 Notes will be carried net of the associated discount and debt issuance costs which will be amortized and recorded as interest expense using a modified effective interest rate based on the amendments.

2021 Note Exchange Effected in January 2020

In January 2020, the Company entered into the January 2020 Exchange Agreement (the “January 2020 Exchange Agreement”) with M. Kingdon Offshore Master Fund, LP (“Kingdon”). Under the January 2020 Exchange Agreement, the Company issued a senior secured convertible note in the aggregate principal amount of approximately $3.0 million (the “January 2020 Note”) in exchange for the cancellation of an aggregate of $3.0 million principal amount and accrued interest of the 2021 Note then owned by Kingdon. Upon entering into the January 2020 Exchange Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Kingdon an interest payment of approximately $37,000, which represents 50% of the accrued and unpaid interest, as of January 13,2020, on Kingdon’s 2021 Note. The remainder of such interest was included in the principal amount of the January 2020 Note.

The January 2020 Note was issued with substantially the same terms and conditions as the December 2019 Notes (as amended by the amendment described in more detail below).

In connection with entering into the January 2020 Exchange Agreement, the Company entered into an Amendment to Facility Agreement and December 2019 Notes and Consent (the “December 2019 Note Amendment”) with the December 2019 Holders that, among other things, (i) amended the December 2019 Notes to (a) reduce the Conversion Price (as defined in the December 2019 Notes) from $17.11 to $5.85 per share and (b) increased the Floor Price (as defined in the December 2019 Notes) from $0.38 to $0.583 per share, and (ii) amended the Deerfield Facility Agreement to (x) provide for Kingdon to join the Deerfield Facility Agreement as a Lender (as defined in the Deerfield Facility Agreement) and (y) provide that the 2020 Note and shall constitute a “Senior Secured Convertible Note” (as defined in the Deerfield Facility Agreement) for purposes of the Deerfield Facility Agreement and other Transaction Documents (as defined in the Deerfield Facility Agreement). After giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split effected in December 2020, the Conversion Price became $93.60 per share and the Floor Price became $9.328 per share.

The changes to the 2021 Note, under the January 2020 Exchange Agreement, referred to after as the January 2020 Note, were accounted for as a debt modification, prospectively, the January 2020 Note will be carried net of the associated discount and debt issuance costs which will be amortized and recorded as interest expense using a modified effective interest rate based on the amendments.

December 2020 Exchange Agreement and Amendment to Facility Agreement, Notes and Investors’ Rights Agreement

In December 2020, the Company entered into a December 2020 Exchange Agreement and Amendment to Facility Agreement, Notes and Investors’ Rights Agreement, as amended (the “December 2020 Exchange Agreement”) with the Deerfield Lenders, DSC and Kingdon (collectively, the “Facility Agreement Note Holders”). Under the December 2020 Exchange Agreement, the Company and the Facility Agreement Note Holders agreed that (a) the Company will make a cash pre-payment of a portion of principal amount of the Deerfield Convertible Note, the December 2019 Notes and the January 2020 Note (collectively, the “Facility Agreement Notes”) to the Facility Agreement Note Holders (the “Debt Payment”) equal to approximately $30.3 million, plus accrued interest if such payment is made on or after January 1, 2021, and (b) subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions specified in the December 2020 Exchange Agreement, including the making of the Debt Payment, issue shares of its Series B-2 Preferred Stock and warrants exercisable for shares of its common stock (the “Exchange Warrants”), in exchange for the cancellation of a portion of the principal amount of the Facility Agreement Notes owned by the Facility Agreement Note Holders in an aggregate amount equal to the Debt Payment, plus the Q4 PIK Interest Payment (as defined in the December 2020 Exchange Agreement) (such transaction, the “December 2020 Exchange”).

The December 2020 Exchange Agreement amended the Facility Agreement Notes to provide that the failure of the Company’s common stock to remain listed on an eligible securities market will not constitute a “Major Transaction” unless such failure occurs after March 31, 2023.

Subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions specified in the December 2020 Exchange Agreement, including the making of the Debt Payment and the consummation of the exchange, the December 2020 Exchange Agreement amended that certain Facility Agreement dated as of June 2, 2014, as amended (the “Facility Agreement”), by and among the Company and the Facility Agreement Note Holders in order to, among other things, (i) extend the maturity date of the Facility Agreement Notes to March 31, 2023, (ii) provide for cash payments of interest on the Loans (as defined in the Facility Agreement) for the periods following July 1, 2021, and (iii) provide for specified prepayment terms on the Loans.

The December 2020 Exchange Agreement amended that certain Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, dated as of February 19, 2015 (the “IRA”), by and among the Company, Deerfield and the other parties signatory thereto in order to, among other things, add Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P. as a party thereto and to give effect to the issuance of the Exchange Warrants and the Company’s registration obligations under the December 2020 Exchange Agreement (as described in more detail below).

The Exchange Warrants issued pursuant to the December 2020 Exchange Agreement were exercisable for a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to 75% of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B-2 Preferred Stock issued in the Exchange (without regard for any beneficial ownership limitations included therein). The Exercise Warrants were subject to substantially the same terms and conditions as the warrants issued to the public in the public offering of the Company’s securities contemplated pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No.333-250945) (the “Public Offering”), with an exercise price equal to the exercise price per share of the warrants issued in the Public Offering and provided that the Facility Agreement Note Holders will be limited from exercising such Exchange Warrants if, as a result of such exercise, such holders (together with certain affiliates and “group” members of such holders) would beneficially own more than 4.985% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock then issued and outstanding.

In anticipation of the Public Offering, and to meet the Nasdaq Listing Requirements, the Company agreed in December 2020 to restructure the December 2019 Notes and the January 2020 Note in the aggregate principal amount of $60.8 million and the Deerfield Note in the principal amount of $7.5 million (collectively the "the Facility Notes"). The total outstanding principal and accrued interest under the Facility Notes was $69.4 million as of December 31,2020.