PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 - Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 

SIGA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

SIGA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(LOSS)/INCOME (UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

SIGA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements

SIGA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The financial statements of SIGA Technologies, Inc. (“we,” “our,” “us,” “SIGA” or the “Company”) are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2023 (the "2022 Form 10-K"). All terms used but not defined elsewhere herein have the meaning ascribed to them in the 2022 Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal and recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement of the results of the interim periods have been included. The 2022 year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data were derived from the audited financial statements but do not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The results of operations for the three and ninemonths ended March 31,September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). In all transactions, the Company is the principal as it controls the specified good or service before it is transferred to the customer and therefore recognizes revenue on a gross basis. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to distinct performance obligations and recognized as revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities as fulfillment costs rather than as an additional promised service. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company's active contractual performance obligations are referenced in Note 3 and consist of the following: sixfive performance obligations relate to research and development services; and five relate to manufacture and delivery of product. The material performance obligations are referenced in Note 3. The aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remainingcurrent performance obligations was $64.9 million as of March 31,September 30, 2023. Remaining was $189.1 million. Current performance obligations represent the transaction price for which work has not been performed and excludes unexercised contract options. TheWith respect to current obligations related to the manufacture and delivery of product, the Company expects such obligations to recognize this amountbe recognized as revenues within the next 12 months, with a majority of the revenues being recognized in the next three months. With respect to the performance obligations related to research and development services, the Company expects such obligations to be recognized as revenue within the next three years as the specific timing for satisfying performance obligations is subjective and largelyat times outside the Company's control.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. 

Contract modifications may occur during the course of performance of our contracts. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are for services that are not distinct, and, therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract.

The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time. A portion of the Company's revenue is derived from long-term contracts that span multiple years. All of the Company’s revenue related to current research and development performance obligations is recognized over time, because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the services as the Company performs these services. The Company recognizes revenue related to these services based on the progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation and measures this progress under an input method, which is based on the Company’s cost incurred relative to total estimated costs.  Under this method, progress is measured based on the cost of resources consumed (i.e., cost of third-party services performed, cost of direct labor hours incurred, and cost of materials consumed) compared to the total estimated costs to completely satisfy the performance obligation. Incurred costs represent work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. The incurred and estimated costs used in the measure of progress include third-party services performed, direct labor hours, and material consumed. 

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections may result in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets) and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Generally, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms either at periodic intervals (monthly) or upon achievement of contractual milestones; as of March 31,September 30, 2023, the accounts receivable balance in the condensed balance sheet includes approximately $5.1$6.9 million of unbilled receivables. This amount primarily relates toincludes international sales that are billed under the terms specified in the International Promotion Agreement with Meridian. Under typical payment terms of fixed price arrangements, the customer pays the Company either performance-based payments or progress payments. For the Company’s cost-type arrangements, the customer generally pays the Company for its actual costs incurred, as well as its allocated overhead and G&A. Such payments occur within a short period of time from billing. When the Company receives consideration, or such consideration is unconditionally due, prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a sales contract, the Company records deferred revenue, which represents a contract liability. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company recognized approximately $0.1 million of revenue that was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period.

3. Procurement Contracts and Research Agreements

19C BARDA Contract 

On September 10, 2018, the Company entered into a contract with the U.S. Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority ("BARDA") pursuant to which SIGA agreed to deliver up to 1,488,000 courses of oral TPOXX® to the U.S. Strategic National Stockpile ("Strategic Stockpile"), and to manufacture and deliver to the Strategic Stockpile, or store as vendor-managed inventory, up to 212,000 courses of IV TPOXX®. Additionally, the contract includes funding from BARDA for a range of activities, including: advanced development of IV TPOXX®, post-marketing activities for oral and IV TPOXX®, and procurement activities. As of March 31,September 30, 2023,, the contract with BARDA (as amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time, the "19C BARDA Contract") contemplates up to approximately $602.5 million of payments, of which approximately $51.7 million of payments are included within the base period of performance of five years, approximately $268.9$407.1 million of payments are related to exercised options, and up to approximately $281.9$143.7 million of payments are currently specified as unexercised options. BARDA may choose in its sole discretion when, or whether, to exercise any of the unexercised options. The period of performance for options is up to ten years from the date of entry into the 19C BARDA Contract and such options could be exercised at any time during the contract term, including during the base period of performance.

The base period of performance specifies potential payments of approximately $51.7 million for the following activities: payments of approximately $11.1 million for the delivery of approximately 35,700 courses of oral TPOXX® to the Strategic Stockpile; payments of $8.0 million for the manufacture of 20,000 courses of final drug product of IV TPOXX® ("IV FDP"), of which $3.2 million of payments are related to the manufacture of bulk drug substance ("IV BDS") to be used in the manufacture of IV FDP; payments of approximately $32.0 million to fund reimbursed activities; and payments of approximately $0.6 million for supportive procurement activities. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company had received $11.1 million for the delivery of approximately 35,700 courses of oral TPOXX® to the Strategic Stockpile, $3.2 million for the manufacture of IV BDS, $4.3 million for the delivery of IV FDP to the Strategic Stockpile and $20.1$21.7 million for other base period activities. IV BDS has been used for the manufacture of courses of IV FDP. The $3.2 million received for the completed manufacture of IV BDS had been recorded as deferred revenue as of December 31, 2021, but with the delivery of IV FDP to the Strategic Stockpile during 2022, $2.9 million was recognized as revenue. The remaining $0.3 million of deferred revenue will be recognized as IV FDP containing such IV BDS is delivered to and accepted by the Strategic Stockpile. 

The options that have been exercised to date provide for payments up to approximately $268.9$407.1 million. There are exercised options for the following activities: payments up to $11.2 million for the procurement of raw materials used in the 2020 manufacture of certain courses of oral TPOXX®; payments up to $213.9$326.5 million for the delivery of up to 726,1401.1 million courses of oral TPOXX®; payments up to $25.6$51.2 million for the manufacture of courses of IV FDP, of which $10.2$20.4 million of payments relate to the manufacture of IV BDS to be used in the manufacture of IV FDP; payments of up to approximately $3.6 million to fund post-marketing activities for IV TPOXX®; and payments of up to $14.6 million for funding of post-marketing activities for oral TPOXX®. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company had received $225.1 million for the delivery (and related procurement of raw materials) of oral TPOXX® to the Strategic Stockpile; $10.2$20.5 million for the completed manufacture of IV BDS, of which$20.5 million has been recorded as deferred revenue as of March 31,September 30, 2023; and $7.6$7.8 million in connection with post-marketing activities for oral and IV TPOXX®. In the month of October 2023, the Company has delivered to the Strategic Stockpile and received acceptance on approximately $55 million of oral TPOXX®.

UnexercisedUnexercised options specify potential payments up to approximately $281.9approximately $143.7 million in total (if all such options are exercised)., of which approximately $0.2million relates to supportive activities that we currently do not expect to be required. There are options for the following activities: payments of up to $225.1$112.5 million for the delivery of oral TPOXX® to the Strategic Stockpile; payments of up to $51.2$25.6 million for the manufacture of courses of IV FDP, of which up to $20.5$10.2 million of payments would be paid upon the manufacture of IV BDS to be used in the manufacture of IV FDP; and payments of up to approximately $5.6$5.4 million for supportive procurement activities.

The options related to IV TPOXX® are divided into two primary manufacturing steps. There are options related to the manufacture of bulk drug substance (“IV BDS Options”), and there are corresponding options (for the same number of IV courses) for the manufacture of final drug product (“IV FDP Options”). BARDA may choose to exercise any, all, or none of these options in its sole discretion. The 19C BARDA Contract includes: three separate IV BDS Options, each providing for the bulk drug substance equivalent of 64,000 courses of IV TPOXX®; and three separate IV FDP Options, each providing for 64,000 courses of final drug product of IV TPOXX®. BARDA has the sole discretion as to whether to simultaneously exercise IV BDS Options and IV FDP Options, or whether to exercise options at different points in time (or alternatively, to only exercise the IV BDS Option but not the IV FDP Option). To date, BARDA has exercised onetwo of the three IV BDS options and onetwo of the three IV FDP options, both of which were exercised simultaneously in 2022.options. If BARDA decides to only exercise the remaining IV BDS Options,Option, then the Company would receive payments up to $20.5$10.2 million; alternatively, if BARDA decides to exercise all the remaining IV BDS OptionsOption and IV FDP Options,Option, then the Company would receive payments up to $51.2$25.6 million. For each set of options relating to a specific group of courses (for instance, the IV BDS and IV FDP options that reference the same 64,000 courses), BARDA has the option to independently purchase IV BDS or IV FDP.

Revenues in connection with the 19C BARDA Contract are recognized either over time or at a point in time. Performance obligations related to product delivery generate revenue at a point in time. Revenue from other performance obligations under the 19C BARDA Contract are recognized over time using an input method using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion. For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenues of $1.6$0.2 million and $0.7$2.7 million, respectively, on an over time basis. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenues of $2.3 million and $4.6 million, respectively, on an over time basis. In contrast, revenue recognized for product delivery, and therefore at a point in time, for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022 was $7.2 million. No revenue was recognized for product delivery, and therefore no revenue was recognized at a point in time, for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2022, or for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

U.S. Department of Defense Procurement Contracts

On May 12, 2022, the Company announced a contract with the U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD") for the procurement of oral TPOXX® ("DoD Contract #1").  The DoD Contract #1 included a firm commitment for the DoD to procure approximately $3.6 million of oral TPOXX®, and an option, exercisable at the sole discretion of the DoD, for the procurement of an additional approximately $3.8 million of oral TPOXX®.  In the second quarter of 2022, the Company delivered oral TPOXX® to the DoD and recognized revenue of $3.6 million, fulfilling the firm commitment in DoD Contract #1. In the third quarter of 2022, the DoD exercised the option for $3.8 million of oral TPOXX® and the Company satisfied its obligation by delivering product in September 2022 and recognized the related revenue. 

On September 28, 2022, the Company and the DoD signed a new procurement contract ("DoD Contract #2"). The DoD Contract #2 includesincluded a firm commitment for the DoD to procure approximately $5.1 million of oral TPOXX®, and an option, exercisable at the sole discretion of the DoD for the procurement of an additional approximately $5.5 million of oral TPOXX®.

In March 2023, the Company fulfilled the firm commitment by delivering $5.1 million of oral TPOXX® to the DoD, and recognized the related revenue. Additionally, in March 2023 the DoD exercised the $5.5 million option in DoD Contract #2 for the procurement of oral TPOXX®.

International Procurement Contracts

As of MarchOctober 31, 2023, the Company had firm commitments withhas delivered approximately $9 million of oral TPOXX® this year to two European countries forand one Middle Eastern country.  In addition, the delivery of approximately $8 million ofEuropean Commission’s DG HERA (Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority) created a joint procurement mechanism under which the Company anticipates firm commitment orders for oral TPOXX®, of which approximately $1 million of oral TPOXX® was delivered in April 2023. The remaining firm commitment relates to an order that was received in 2022. The firm from various countries. These anticipated commitments are specified in contracts that were originatedwill be under anthe International Promotion Agreement (defined and discussed below). Through the International Promotion Agreement, Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc. ("Meridian") is the counterparty to international contracts under which orders are placed for the purchase of oral TPOXX®. 

In addition to the above-mentioned contracts with firm commitments, the Company has a contract with the Canadian Department of National Defence ( "CDND"("CDND") under which the CDND has an option until March 31, 2024, exercisable at its sole discretion, for the purchase of up to an additional $6 million of oral TPOXX®. As an international contract, this contract is also administered under the International Promotion Agreement. The contract with the CDND (the "Canadian Military Contract"), issued in April of 2020, is option-based and initially specified that the CDND would purchase up to $14 million of oral TPOXX® if all options were exercised. Prior to 2023, approximately $8 million of oral TPOXX® had been purchased and delivered. 

In 2022, the Company received firm commitment orders from 13 international customers (including Canada) for the delivery of approximately $77 million of oral TPOXX®, of which approximately $39 million was for Canada and approximately $38 million was for jurisdictions in Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East. With respect to the $77 million of firm commitment orders that were received in 2022, approximately $71 million of oral TPOXX® was delivered and recorded as revenue in 2022.2022, and the remainder was delivered and recorded as revenue in 2023. 

Under the International Promotion Agreement, Meridian is the counterparty in connection with international contracts for oral TPOXX® and SIGA is responsible for manufacture and delivery of any oral TPOXX® purchased thereunder.

Under the terms of the International Promotion Agreement, as amended, which has an initial term that expires on May 31, 2024, Meridian was granted exclusive rights to market, advertise, promote, offer for sale, or sell oral TPOXX® in a field of use specified in the International Promotion Agreement in all geographic regions except for the United States (the “Territory”), and Meridian has agreed not to commercialize any competing product, as defined in the International Promotion Agreement, in the specified field of use in the Territory. SIGA retains ownership, intellectual property, distribution and supply rights and regulatory responsibilities in connection with TPOXX®, and, in the United States market, also retains sales and marketing rights with respect to oral TPOXX®. SIGA’s consent is required for the entry into any sales arrangement pursuant to the International Promotion Agreement.

Sales to international customers pursuant to the International Promotion Agreement are invoiced and collected by Meridian, and such collections are remitted, less Meridian's fees, to the Company under a quarterly process specified in the International Promotion Agreement. The fee Meridian retains pursuant to the International Promotion Agreement is a specified percentage of the collected proceeds of sales of oral TPOXX® net of certain expenses, for calendar years in which customer collected amounts net of such expenses are less than or equal to a specified threshold, and a higher specified percentage of such collected net proceeds for calendar years in which such net collected amounts exceed the specified threshold. 

Revenue in connection with international procurement contracts for the delivery of product are recognized at a point in time on a gross basis, as the Company acts as the principal in the transaction. During the three and ninemonths ended March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $7.8 million and $9.1 million of sales, respectively, in connection with international contracts. During the three and March 31,nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company did not recognize any revenue related torecognized $61.3 million and $66.2 million of sales, respectively, in connection with international contracts.

Research Agreements and Grants

In July 2019, the Company was awarded a multi-year research contract valued at a total of $19.5 million, with an initial award of $12.4 million, from the DoD to support work in pursuit of a potential label expansion for oral TPOXX® that would include post-exposure prophylaxis ("PEP") of smallpox (such work known as the "PEP Label Expansion Program" and the contract referred to as the "PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract"). In subsequent modifications, the DoD increased the scope and the available funding under the PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract to approximately $27 million. The period of performance for this contract, as modified, terminates on January 31, 2025. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, there is no remaining revenue to be recognized in the future under the PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract is up to $5 million.Contract. Revenue from the performance obligation under the PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract is recognized over time using an input method using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion. For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company, under the PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract, recognized revenue of $1.4$0.9 million and $2.3$4.2 million, respectively, on an over time basis. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company, under the PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract, recognized revenue of $6.4 million and $13.1 million, respectively, on an over time basis.

Contracts and grants include, among other things, options that may or may not be exercised at the U.S. Government’s discretion. Moreover, contracts and grants contain customary terms and conditions including the U.S. Government’s right to terminate or restructure a contract or grant for convenience at any time. As such, the Company may not be eligible to receive all available funds.

4. Inventory

Inventory includes costs related to the manufacture of TPOXX®. Inventory consisted of the following:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cost of goods sold included a net-inventory related loss of $0.6 million. This loss is due to the impairment of a manufacturing batch.

5. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following: 

Depreciation and amortization expense on property, plant, and equipment was $0.1$0.4 million for each of the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022.

6. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

7. Financial Instruments

2016 Warrant

On September 2, 2016, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement (as amended from time to time, the “Loan Agreement”) with OCM Strategic Credit SIGTEC Holdings, LLC (“Lender”). The Company voluntarily prepaid this Loan Agreement in 2020. Upon such prepayment and release, the Loan Agreement was terminated. In connection with the entry into the Loan Agreement, the Company issued a warrant (the “Warrant”) to the Lender on September 2, 2016 to purchase a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to $4.0 million divided by the lower of (i) $2.29 per share and (ii) the subscription price paid in connection with the Rights Offering completed on November 16, 2016. The per share subscription price paid was $1.50 in connection with the Rights Offering; accordingly, the exercise price of the Warrant was set at $1.50 per share, and there were 2.7 million shares underlying the Warrant. Subsequent to partial exercises of the Warrant, in 2022, the remainder of the Warrant was fully exercised and therefore there were no remaining underlying shares as of December 31, 2022. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022, we recorded a gain of approximately $0.4 million, reflecting a decrease in the fair value of the liability-classified warrant primarily due to the decrease in our stock price prior to the exercise of the Warrant.

8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and income tax payable approximates fair value due to the relatively short maturity of these instruments. Prior to being fully exercised, common stock warrants, which were classified as a liability, were recorded at their fair market value as of each reporting period.

The measurement of fair value requires the use of techniques based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. The inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023. As of March 31,September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $97.8$54.2 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively, of cash equivalents classified as Level 1 financial instruments. There were no Level 2 financial instruments as of March 31,September 30, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $40.5 million of cash equivalents classified as Level 2 financial instruments. There were no Level 3 financial instruments as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

9. Per Share Data

The Company computes, presents and discloses earnings per share in accordance with the authoritative guidance, which specifies the computation, presentation and disclosure requirements for earnings per share of entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock. The objective of basic EPS is to measure the performance of an entity over the reporting period by dividing income (loss) by the weighted average shares outstanding. The objective of diluted EPS is consistent with that of basic EPS, except that it also gives effect to all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period.

The following is a reconciliation of the basic and diluted loss per share computation: 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the diluted earnings per share calculation reflects the effect of the exercise of outstanding warrants and any corresponding elimination of the impact included in operating results from the change in fair value of the warrants. Weighted-average diluted shares include the dilutive effect of in-the-money options, stock-settled RSUs and warrants. The dilutive effect of warrants, stock-settled RSUs and options is calculated based on the average share price for each fiscal period using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the amount the employee must pay for exercising stock options, the average amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized, and the amount of tax benefits that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital when the award becomes deductible, are collectively assumed to be used to repurchase shares. Cash-settled RSUs were presumed to be cash-settled and therefore excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 because the net effect of their inclusion, including the elimination of the impact in the operating results of the change in fair value of these RSUs, would have been anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the weighted average number of shares under the cash-settled RSUs excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share were 32,180 and 12,901, respectively.

For the three and ninemonths ended March 31,September 30, 2023and 2022, the Company incurred losses and as a result, the equity instruments listed below were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share as the effect of the exercise, conversion or vesting of such instruments would have been anti-dilutive. The weighted average number of equity instruments excluded consists of:

⁽¹⁾ For the three and ninemonths ended March 31,September 30, 2023, thisthe total includes 30,702a weighted average of 59,312 and 42,238 units which are expected to settle in cash. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, this includes 54,792 units which were settled in cash. cash, respectively.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, we may be involved in a variety of claims, suits, investigations and proceedings arising from the ordinary course of our business, collections claims, breach of contract claims, labor and employment claims, tax and other matters. Although such claims, suits, investigations and proceedings are inherently uncertain and their results cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the resolution of such current pending matters, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of legal costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Purchase Commitments

In the course of our business, the Company regularly enters into agreements with third party organizations to provide contract manufacturing services and research and development services. Under these agreements, the Company issues purchase orders, which obligate the Company to pay a specified price when agreed-upon services are performed. In connection with many CMO purchase orders, reimbursement by CMOs for inventory losses is limited. Commitments under the purchase orders do not exceed our planned commercial and research and development needs. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company had approximately $29.3$18.5 million of purchase commitments associated with manufacturing obligations.

11. Related Party Transactions

Real Estate Leases

On May 26, 2017, the Company and MacAndrews & Forbes Incorporated ("M&F") entered into a ten-year Office Lease agreement (the "New HQ Lease"), pursuant to which the Company agreed to lease 3,200 square feet at 31 East 62^nd Street, New York, New York. The Company is utilizing premises leased under the New HQ Lease as its corporate headquarters. The Company's rental obligations consisted of a fixed rent of $25,333 per month in the first sixty-three months of the term, subject to a rent abatement for the first six months of the term. From the first day of the sixty-fourth month of the term through the expiration or earlier termination of the lease, the Company's rental obligations consist of a fixed rent of $29,333 per month. In addition to the fixed rent, the Company pays a facility fee in consideration of the landlord making available certain ancillary services, commencing on the first anniversary of entry into the lease. The facility fee was $3,333 per month for the second year of the term and increases by five percent each year thereafter, to $4,925 per month in the final year of the term. For each ofDuring the three and ninemonths ended March 31,September 30, 2023and 2022, the Company paid $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for rent and ancillary services associated with this lease. The Company had no outstanding payables or accrued expenses related to this lease as of September 30, 2023.

Board of Directors and Outside Consultant

Effective June 13, 2023, a director was elected to the Company's Board of Directors who provides consulting services to the Company. Under a consulting agreement, the director receives a monthly fee of $20,000. During the three and nine months ended September 30,2023, the Company incurred $60,000 and $180,000, respectively, under this agreement. The Company had no outstanding payables or accrued expenses related to the services performed by this vendor as of September 30, 2023. 

12. Revenues by Geographic Region

Revenues by geographic region were as follows:

13. Income Taxes 

The Company’s provision for income taxes consists of federal and state taxes, as applicable, in amounts necessary to align the Company’s year-to-date tax provision with the effective rate that it expects to achieve for the full year. Each quarter the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate and records cumulative adjustments as necessary.

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded pre-tax losses(losses)/income of ($1.2)0.4) million and ($1.1)$43.1 million, respectively, and a corresponding income tax benefitbenefit/(provision) of $0.3$33,030 and ($10.1) million, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded pre-tax (losses)/income of ($5.1) million and $0.7$45.3 million, respectively, and a corresponding income tax benefit/(provision) of $0.9 million and ($10.5) million, respectively.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 was 24.6%7.8% compared to 66.1%23.4% for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily as a result of state taxes, and various non-deductible expenses, including executive compensation under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m). 

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was 17.8% compared to 23.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily as a result of state taxes, various non-deductible expenses, including executive compensation under Internal Revenue Code 162(m).

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “Act”) was signed into U.S. law on August 16, 2022. The Act includes various tax provisions, including an excise tax on stock repurchases, expanded tax credits for clean energy incentives, and a corporate alternative minimum tax that generally applies to U.S. corporations with average adjusted annual financial statement income over a three-year period in excess of $1 billion. The Company does not expect the Act to materially impact its consolidated financial statements.

Effective beginning in fiscal 2022, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Job Act of 2017 ("TCJA") requires the Company to deduct U.S. and international research and development expenditures ("R&D") for tax purposes over 5 to 15 years, instead of in the current fiscal year. The Company concurrently records a deferred tax benefit for the future amortization of the research and development for tax purposes. The requirement to expense R&D as incurred is unchanged for U.S. GAAP purposes and the impact to pre-tax R&D expense is not affected by this provision.

14. Equity

The tables below present changes in stockholders' equity for the three and ninemonths ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022.

On August 2, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program ("New Repurchase Authorization") under which the Company may repurchase up to $50 million of the Company's common stock through December 31, 2023. The Company started repurchasing shares under this program in the fourth quarter of 2021. Repurchases under the New Repurchase Authorization may be made from time to time at the Company's discretion in open market transactions, through block trades, in privately negotiated transactions and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted by the Company's management in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") or otherwise. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including: timing of procurement orders under government contracts; alternative opportunities for strategic uses of cash; the stock price of the Company’s common stock; market conditions; alternative capital management uses of cash; and other corporate liquidity requirements and priorities. During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company did not repurchase any stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased approximately 1.11.7 million shares of common stock under the New Repurchase Authorization for approximately $7.5$11.0 million. In addition, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company recorded approximately $0.1 million of excise tax associated with the repurchase of common stock.

On May 4, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $0.45 per share on the common stock of the Company, which resulted in an overall dividend payment of approximately $32 million. The special dividend was paid on June 1, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 16, 2023. 

15. Leases

The Company leases its Corvallis, Oregon, facilities and office space under an operating lease, which was signed on November 3, 2017 and commenced on January 1, 2018. The initial term of this lease was to expire on December 31, 2019 after which the Company had two successive renewal options; one for two years and the other for three years. In the second quarter of 2019, the Company exercised the first renewal option, which extended the lease expiration date to December 31, 2021. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company exercised the second renewal option, which extended the lease expiration date to December 31, 2024. In connection with the exercise of the second renewal option, the Company recorded an increase to operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $0.7 million in the second quarter of 2021.

On May 26, 2017 the Company and M&F entered into the New HQ Lease, a ten year office lease agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to lease 3,200 square feet in New York, New York. The Company is utilizing premises leased under the New HQ Lease as its corporate headquarters. The Company has no leases that qualify as finance leases.

Operating lease costs totaled $0.1 million and $0.2 million for each of the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022., respectively. Operating lease costs totaled $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities from operating cash flows was $0.2 million for each of the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities from operation cash flows was $0.5 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term of the Company’s operating leases was 3.453.05 years while the weighted-average discount rate was 4.53%.

Future cash flows under operating leases as of March 31,September 30, 2023 are expected to be as follows:

As of March 31,September 30, 2023, approximately $1.4$1.1 million of the lease liability is included in Other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet with the current portion included in accrued expenses.

16. Subsequent Event

On May 4, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $0.45 per share on the common stock of the Company. The special dividend is payable on June 1, 2023to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 16, 2023.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2023 (the "2022 Form 10-K"). In addition to historical information, the following discussion and other parts of this Quarterly Report contain forward-looking information that involves risks and uncertainties. SIGA’s actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by such forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. See the factors set forth under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this Item 2.

Overview

SIGA Technologies, Inc. (“SIGA” or the “Company”) is a commercial-stage pharmaceutical company. The Company sells its lead product, TPOXX® (“oral TPOXX®,” also known as "tecovirimat" in certain international markets), to the U.S. Government and international governments (including government affiliated entities). Additionally, the Company sells the intravenous formulation of TPOXX® ("IV TPOXX®") to the U.S. Government.

TPOXX® is an oral formulation antiviral drug for the treatment of human smallpox disease caused by variola virus. On July 13, 2018, the United States Food & Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved oral TPOXX® for the treatment of smallpox. The Company has been delivering oral TPOXX® to the U.S. Strategic National Stockpile ("Strategic Stockpile") since 2013.

In connection with IV TPOXX®, SIGA announced on May 19, 2022 that the FDA approved this formulation for the treatment of smallpox.

In addition to being approved by the FDA, oral TPOXX® (tecovirimat) has regulatory approval with the European Medicines Agency ("EMA"), Health Canada and the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency ("MHRA") of the United Kingdom. The EMA and MHRA approved label indication covers the treatment of smallpox, monkeypox ("mpox"), cowpox, and vaccinia complications following vaccination against smallpox. The Health Canada approved label indication covers the treatment of smallpox.

With respect to the regulatory approvals by the EMA, MHRA and Health Canada, oral tecovirimat represents the same formulation that was approved by the FDA in July 2018 under the brand name TPOXX®.

In connection with a potential FDA label expansion of oral TPOXX® for an indication covering smallpox post-exposure prophylaxis (“PEP”), the Company has recently met target enrollment forcompleted an immunogenicity trial and an expanded safety trial. Provided unblinded results from these trials are supportivetrial in early 2023. The nature and timing of a regulatory submission the Company expects to commence in 2023 the preparation of a supplemental New Drug Application to the FDA (“Supplemental NDA”) for a smallpox PEP indication for oral TPOXX®, will be based on the results of the trials; the Company is currently targeting early 2024 for its submission to the FDA.a Supplemental NDA filing in 2024.

In connection with the global response to an mpox outbreak, a series of observational and randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials were initiated, starting in the third quarter of 2022, to assess the safety and efficacy of TPOXX® in participants with mpox. The first threeAs of September 30, 2023, there were five randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials to be launched wereenrolling patients, when available, in locations including the United States, United Kingdom, and the Democratic Republic of Congo ("DRC")., South America and Europe. These randomized clinical trials are now enrolling patients to collect data on the potential benefits of using TPOXX® as an antiviral treatment for active mpox disease.

Study of Tecovirimat for Human Monkeypox Virus (STOMP; A5418) is a U.S.-based clinical trial sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ("NIAID"), part of the National Institutes of Health. The NIAID-funded AIDS Clinical Trials Group is leading the study, which may later expand to international sites. Study investigators aim to enroll more than 500 participants, including children and those who are pregnant or breastfeeding, at clinical research sites. The trial will also include an open label arm that will include children, pregnant/breastfeeding individuals and those who are immunocompromised or have severe mpox disease.

PLATINUM is a U.K.-based clinical trial commissioned and funded by the National Institute for Health Care and Research. The trial is led by researchers at Oxford University and aims to recruit at least 500 participants, including children weighing ≥13 kg, across the U.K.

PALM 007 is a DRC-based clinical trial sponsored by NIAID and Institute National de Recherche Biomédicale. Study investigators aim to enroll more than 450 participants, including children weighing ≥3 kg and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, at clinical sites in the DRC.

The Company may be able to use data from the trials noted above, as well as from other trials, to potentially pursue an FDA label expansion of oral TPOXX® for an indication covering the treatment of mpox. The viability, and timing, of a potential FDA submission for an mpox indication will be impacted by a series of factors, including the magnitude and severity of future mpox cases, the location of future cases, enrollment in clinical trials, and results of randomized, placebo-controlled and observational clinical trials.

Procurement Contracts with the U.S. Government

19C BARDA Contract 

The options that have been exercised to date provide for payments up to approximately $268.9$407.1 million. There are exercised options for the following activities: payments up to $11.2 million for the procurement of raw materials used in the 2020 manufacture of certain courses of oral TPOXX®; payments up to $213.9$326.5 million for the delivery of up to 726,1401.1 million courses of oral TPOXX®; payments up to $25.6$51.2 million for the manufacture of courses of IV FDP, of which $10.2$20.4 million of payments relate to the manufacture of IV BDS to be used in the manufacture of IV FDP; payments of up to approximately $3.6 million to fund post-marketing activities for IV TPOXX®; and payments of up to $14.6 million for funding of post-marketing activities for oral TPOXX®. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the Company had received $225.1 million for the delivery (and related procurement of raw materials) of oral TPOXX® to the Strategic Stockpile; $10.2$20.5 million for the completed manufacture of IV BDS, of which $20.5 million has been recorded as deferred revenue as of March 31,September 30, 2023; and $7.6$7.8 million in connection with post-marketing activities for oral and IV TPOXX®. In the month of October 2023, the Company has delivered to the Strategic Stockpile and received acceptance on approximately $55 million of oral TPOXX®.

Unexercised options specify potential payments up to approximately $281.9$143.7 million in total (if all such options are exercised)., of which approximately $0.2 million relates to supportive activities that we currently do not expect to be required. There are options for the following activities: payments of up to $225.1$112.5 million for the delivery of oral TPOXX® to the Strategic Stockpile; payments of up to $51.2$25.6 million for the manufacture of courses of IV FDP, of which up to $20.5$10.2 million of payments would be paid upon the manufacture of IV BDS to be used in the manufacture of IV FDP; and payments of up to approximately $5.6$5.4 million for supportive procurement activities.

The options related to IV TPOXX® are divided into two primary manufacturing steps. There are options related to the manufacture of bulk drug substance (“IV BDS Options”), and there are corresponding options (for the same number of IV courses) for the manufacture of final drug product (“IV FDP Options”). BARDA may choose to exercise any, all, or none of these options in its sole discretion. The 19C BARDA Contract includes: three separate IV BDS Options, each providing for the bulk drug substance equivalent of 64,000 courses of IV TPOXX®; and three separate IV FDP Options, each providing for 64,000 courses of final drug product of IV TPOXX®. BARDA has the sole discretion as to whether to simultaneously exercise IV BDS Options and IV FDP Options, or whether to exercise options at different points in time (or alternatively, to only exercise the IV BDS Option but not the IV FDP Option). To date, BARDA has exercised onetwo of the three IV BDS options and onetwo of the three IV FDP options, both of which were exercised simultaneously in 2022.options. If BARDA decides to only exercise the remaining IV BDS Options,Option, then the Company would receive payments up to $20.5$10.2 million; alternatively, if BARDA decides to exercise all the remaining IV BDS OptionsOption and IV FDP Options,Option, then the Company would receive payments up to $51.2$25.6 million. For each set of options relating to a specific group of courses (for instance, the IV BDS and IV FDP options that reference the same 64,000 courses), BARDA has the option to independently purchase IV BDS or IV FDP. The Company estimates that sales of the IV formulation under this contract (under current terms), assuming the remaining IV FDP Options wereOption was exercised, would have a gross margin (sales less cost of sales, as a percentage of sales) that is less than 40%.

Under the terms of this contract, exercise of procurement options is at the sole discretion of BARDA. The request for proposal that preceded the award of the 19C BARDA Contract indicated that the expected purpose of the contract was to maintain the level of smallpox antiviral preparedness in the Strategic Stockpile. Based on prior product delivery activity, and current FDA-approved shelf life of oral TPOXX®, the Company estimates that approximately 920,000 courses of smallpox antiviral treatment would need to be delivered to the Strategic Stockpile in 2023 and 2024 in order to maintain historical stockpile levels of unexpired TPOXX® treatment in the Strategic Stockpile.     

U.S. Department of Defense Procurement Contracts

On May 12, 2022, the Company announced a contract with the U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD") for the procurement of oral TPOXX® ("DoD Contract #1").  The DoD Contract #1 included a firm commitment for the DoD to procure approximately $3.6 million of oral TPOXX®, and an option, exercisable at the sole discretion of the DoD, for the procurement of an additional approximately $3.8 million of oral TPOXX®.  In the second quarter of 2022, the Company delivered oral TPOXX® to the DoD and recognized revenue of $3.6 million, fulfilling the firm commitment in DoD Contract #1. In the third quarter of 2022, the DoD exercised the option for $3.8 million of oral TPOXX® and the Company satisfied its obligation by delivering product in September 2022 and recognized the related revenue. 

On September 28, 2022, the Company and the DoD signed a new procurement contract ("DoD Contract #2"). The DoD Contract #2 includesincluded a firm commitment for the DoD to procure approximately $5.1 million of oral TPOXX®, and an option, exercisable at the sole discretion of the DoD for the procurement of an additional approximately $5.5 million of oral TPOXX®.

In March 2023, the Company fulfilled the firm commitment by delivering $5.1 million of oral TPOXX® to the DoD, and recognized the related revenue.  Additionally, in March 2023 the DoD exercised the $5.5 million option in DoD Contract #2 for the procurement of oral TPOXX®.

International Procurement Contracts

As of MarchOctober 31, 2023, the Company had firm commitments with two European countries for the delivery ofhas delivered approximately $8 million of oral TPOXX®, of which approximately $1$9 million of oral TPOXX® was delivered in April 2023this year to two European countries and one Middle Eastern country. In addition, the remaining $7European Commission’s DG HERA (Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority) created a joint procurement mechanism under which the Company anticipates $18 million of firm commitment orders for oral TPOXX® is targeted for delivery by July 31, 2023. The remaining firm commitment relates to an order that was received in 2022. The firmfrom various countries. These anticipated commitments are specified in contracts that were originatedwill be under anthe International Promotion Agreement (defined and discussed below). Through the International Promotion Agreement, Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc. ("Meridian") is the counterparty to international contracts under which orders are placed for the purchase of oral TPOXX®. 

In addition to the above-mentioned contracts with firm commitments, the Company has a contract with the Canadian Department of National Defence ( "CDND"("CDND") under which the CDND has an option until March 31, 2024, exercisable at its sole discretion, for the purchase of up to an additional $6 million of oral TPOXX®. As an international contract, this contract is also administered under the International Promotion Agreement. The contract with the CDND (the "Canadian Military Contract"), issued in April of 2020, is option-based and initially specified that the CDND would purchase up to $14 million of oral TPOXX® if all options were exercised. Prior to 2023, approximately $8 million of oral TPOXX® had been purchased and delivered. 

International Promotion Agreement

Under the terms of the International Promotion Agreement, as amended, which has an initial term that expires on May 31, 2024, Meridian was granted exclusive rights to market, advertise, promote, offer for sale, or sell oral TPOXX® in a field of use specified in the International Promotion Agreement in all geographic regions except for the United States (the “Territory”), and Meridian has agreed not to commercialize any competing product, as defined in the International Promotion Agreement, in the specified field of use in the Territory. SIGA retains ownership, intellectual property, distribution and supply rights and regulatory responsibilities in connection with TPOXX®, and, in the United States market, also retains sales and marketing rights with respect to oral TPOXX®. SIGA’s consent is required for the entry into any sales arrangement pursuant to the International Promotion Agreement.

Sales to international customers pursuant to the International Promotion Agreement are invoiced and collected by Meridian, and such collections are remitted, less Meridian's fees, to the Company under a quarterly process specified in the International Promotion Agreement. The fee Meridian retains pursuant to the International Promotion Agreement is a specified percentage of the collected proceeds of sales of oral TPOXX® net of certain expenses, for calendar years in which customer collected amounts net of such expenses are less than or equal to a specified threshold, and a higher specified percentage of such collected net proceeds for calendar years in which such net collected amounts exceed the specified threshold. We exceeded the specified threshold in 2022 and therefore recorded the higher specified percentage for all International Promotion Agreement sales in 2022. Taking into account Meridian’s fee and manufacturing costs of oral TPOXX®, it is currently estimated by the Company that international sales of oral TPOXX® each year will have a contribution margin (as expressed as a percentage of product sales, and before any consideration of expenses not directly related to manufacturing or Meridian activities) of between approximately 65% and 80%, depending on the international sales levels each year. For purposes of this disclosure, contribution margin (in amount) represents international product sales less applicable cost of sales and the Meridian fee (which is included within selling, general and administrative expenses within the income statement).

Critical Accounting Estimates

The methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in our condensed consolidated financial statements, which we discuss under the heading “Results of Operations” following this section of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Some of our accounting policies require us to make difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. Information regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates appears in Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our 2022 Form 10-K. Our most critical accounting estimates include revenue recognition over time and income taxes (including realization of deferred tax assets).

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, revenues from product sales and supportive services were $5.7$8.0 million. Such revenues primarily relate to salesa sale of oral TPOXX® to the DoD.a European country and a Middle Eastern country. For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2022, revenues from product sales and supportive services were $7.3 million, which$65.6 million. Such revenues primarily relate to international sales of IVoral TPOXX® of approximately $61.3 million and sales of oral TPOXX® to the U.S. Government under the 19C BARDA Contract.DoD of approximately $3.8 million.

Revenues from research and development activities for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022, were $2.6$1.3 million and $3.2$6.6 million, respectively. These revenues are mostly earned in connection with performance of research and development activities under the PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract and the 19C BARDA Contract. The decrease of $0.6$5.3 million of revenue is primarily related to a decrease in clinical trial activity.

Cost of sales and supportive services for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $0.9 million and $3.9 million, respectively. Such costs in 2023 were associated with the manufacture and delivery of courses of oral TPOXX® to a European country and a Middle Eastern country, and the costs of supportive activities such as customary, periodic stability testing. Such costs in 2022 were primarily associated with the manufacture and delivery of courses of oral TPOXX® for international sales and sales to the DoD.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $6.0 million and $19.7 million, respectively. The decrease of approximately $13.7 million mostly reflects a decrease in the promotion fees incurred in connection with a decrease in international sales. 

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $3.6 million and $5.7 million, respectively, reflecting a decrease of approximately $2.1 million. The decrease is primarily attributable to lower direct vendor-related expenses incurred in connection with a decrease in activities under the PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract and the 19C BARDA Contract, partially offset by an increase in regulatory costs associated with EMA regulatory submissions and related activities.

Other income, net for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $0.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The increase relates to interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents at rates that are substantially higher in 2023 in comparison to 2022. 

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded pre-tax (losses)/income of ($0.4) million and $43.1 million, respectively, and a corresponding income tax benefit/(provision) of $33,030 and ($10.1) million, respectively. The effective tax rates during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were 7.8% and 23.4%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the period ended September 30, 2023 differs from the statutory rate primarily as a result of state taxes, and non-deductible executive compensation under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m). Our effective tax rate for the period ended September 30, 2022 differs from the statutory rate primarily as a result of state taxes, non-deductible executive compensation under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) and a non-taxable adjustment for the fair market value of the Warrant.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues from product sales and supportive services were $14.9 million. Such revenues primarily relate to sales of approximately $5.1 million of oral TPOXX® to the DoD and approximately $9.1 million of international sales of oral TPOXX®. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, revenues from product sales and supportive services were $81.6 million. Such revenues primarily relate to approximately $66.2 million of international sales of oral TPOXX®; approximately $7.5 million of oral TPOXX® sales to the DoD; and approximately $7.2 million of sales of IV TPOXX® to the U.S. Government under the 19C BARDA Contract.

Revenues from research and development activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, were $8.5 million and $17.9 million, respectively. These revenues are mostly earned in connection with performance of research and development activities under the PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract and the 19C BARDA Contract. The decrease of $9.4 million of revenue is primarily related to a decrease in clinical trial activity and a change in the estimated profitability of the PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract; the change in the profitability of the PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract is primarily due to an increase in the total estimated direct vendor-related costs to be incurred in connection with the PEP development program.

Cost of sales and supportive services for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $1.2$3.0 million and $4.7$9.6 million, respectively. Such costs in 2023 were primarilyare associated withwith: the manufacture and delivery of courses of oral TPOXX® for sales to the DoD.DoD and three international customers; an inventory-related loss in connection with impairment of a manufacturing batch; manufacturing costs related to a potential backup facility within a segment of the supply chain, and the costs of supportive activities such as customary, periodic stability testing. Such costs in 2022 were primarily associated withrelate to the manufacture and delivery of courses of oral TPOXX® in connection with international sales and approximately $4.4 million of costs for the manufacture and sale of IV TPOXX®; manufacturing cost per unit are higher for IV TPOXX® to the Strategic Stockpile.than oral TPOXX®.  

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $4.2$14.7 million and $3.7$29.2 million, respectively. The increasedecrease of approximately $0.5$14.5 million mostly reflects an increasea decrease in professional servicepromotion fees incurred in connection with the Chief Executive Officer transition and related items.a decrease in international sales.

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $5.0$13.8 million and $3.5$16.1 million, respectively, reflecting an increasea decrease of approximately $1.5$2.3 million. The increasedecrease is primarily attributable to an increase in regulatory fees of approximately $0.6 million associated with EMA regulatory submissions as well as higherlower direct vendor-related expenses incurred in connection with an increasea decrease in activities under the PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract and the 19C BARDA Contract.Contract, partially offset by an increase in regulatory costs associated with EMA regulatory submissions and related activities.

Changes in the fair value of the liability-classified warrant to acquire common stock were recorded within the statement of operations. The warrant was fully exercised during the threenine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022. For the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, we recorded no activity. For the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022, we recorded a gain of approximately $0.4 million, reflecting a decrease in the fair value of the liability-classified warrant primarily due to the decrease in our stock price.

Other income, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $3.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The increase relates to interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents at rates that are substantially higher in 2023 in comparison to 2022. 

For the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded pre-tax losses(losses)/income of ($1.2)5.1) million and ($1.1)$45.3 million, respectively, and a corresponding income tax benefitbenefit/(provision) of $0.3$0.9 million and $0.7($10.5) million, respectively. The effective tax rates during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022 were 24.6%17.8% and 66.1%23.3%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the period ended March 31,September 30, 2023 differs from the statutory rate primarily as a result of state taxes, and non-deductible executive compensation under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m). Our effective tax rate for the period ended March 31,September 30, 2022 differs from the statutory rate primarily as a result of state taxes, non-deductible executive compensation under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) and a non-taxable adjustment for the fair market value of the Warrant.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31,September 30, 2023, we had $115.7$71.1 million in cash and cash equivalents compared with $98.8 million at December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, we expect to have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to meet our anticipated obligations through at least the next 12 months.

Operating Activities

We prepare our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows using the indirect method. Under this method, we reconcile net loss to cash flows from operating activities by adjusting net loss for those items that impact net loss but may not result in actual cash receipts or payments during the period. These reconciling items include but are not limited to stock-based compensation, deferred income taxes, changes in the fair value of our warrant liability, inventory write offs, gains and losses from various transactions and changes in the condensed consolidated balance sheet for working capital from the beginning to the end of the period.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $24.4$15.8 million and $56.7$49.7 million, respectively. For the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, the receipt of substantially all of the $45 million of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022, as well as approximately $35$10 million received in connection with IV BDS deferred revenue was partially offset by the use of cash to proactively build inventory, and for customary operating activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the receipt of approximately $80 million for product delivery and acceptance of oral TPOXX® courses delivered to the Strategic Stockpile in December 2021, as well as the receipt of approximately $23 million in connection with 2022 product deliveries wasand advance payments were partially offset by the payment of approximately $19 million of federal income taxes in connection with the 2021 tax year; an increase in inventory investment in connection with a broadening of the customer base for TPOXX® and mitigation of increasing general supply chain risks; and costs in relation to customary operating activities.  For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the receipt of approximately $80 million for product delivery and acceptance of oral TPOXX® courses delivered to the Strategic Stockpile in December 2021 was partially offset by the payment of approximately $19 million of federal income taxes, as well as net cash usage primarily related to manufacturing of inventory and customary operating activities. 

Investing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we used $21,686 for capital expenditures. There was no cash-related investing activityactivities for the threenine months ended March 31, 2023 or for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. 

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 was $7.6$43.4 million, which was mostly attributable to ourthe payment of a special cash dividend of approximately $32.1 million and the repurchase of approximately 1.11.7 million shares of common stock.stock for approximately $11.0 million. Cash used in financing activities for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022 was $6.6$43.1 million, which was substantially allmostly attributable to oura special cash dividend of approximately $32.9 million and the repurchase of approximately 1.01.5 million shares of common stock.stock for approximately $10.1 million.

Future Cash Requirements

As of March 31,September 30, 2023, we had outstanding purchase orders associated with manufacturing obligations in the aggregate amount of approximately $29.3$18.5 million.

On May 4, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $0.45 per share on the common stock of the Company. The special dividend is payable on June 1, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 16, 2023.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

The Company did not adopt any accounting standards this quarter.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including certain statements contained in the foregoing “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), including statements relating to the progress of SIGA’s development programs and timelines for bringing products to market, delivering products to the Strategic Stockpile,domestic and international customers, the enforceability of our procurement contracts, such as the 19C BARDA Contract (the "BARDA Contract"), with BARDA, and responding to the global outbreak of monkeypox ("mpox"). The words or phrases “can be,” “expects,” “may affect,” “may depend,” “believes,” “estimate,” “targeting,”  “project” and similar words and phrases are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various known and unknown risks and uncertainties, and SIGA cautions you that any forward-looking information provided by or on behalf of SIGA is not a guarantee of future performance. SIGA’s actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by such forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, some of which are beyond SIGA’s control, including, but not limited to, (i) the risk that BARDA elects, in its sole discretion as permitted under the BARDA Contract, not to exercise all, or any, of the remaining unexercised options under those contracts, (ii) the risk that SIGA may not complete performance under the BARDA Contract on schedule or in accordance with contractual terms, (iii) the risk that the BARDA Contract, DoD Contract #2 or PEP Label Expansion R&D Contract are modified or canceled at the request or requirement of the U.S. Government, (iv) the risk that the nascent international biodefense market does not develop to a degree that allows SIGA to continue to successfully market TPOXX® internationally, (v) the risk that potential products, including potential alternative uses or formulations of TPOXX® that appear promising to SIGA or its collaborators, cannot be shown to be efficacious or safe in subsequent pre-clinical or clinical trials, (vi) the risk that target timing for deliveries of product to customers, and the recognition of related revenues, are delayed or adversely impacted by the actions, or inaction, of contract manufacturing organizations, or other vendors, within the supply chain, or due to coordination activities between the customer and supply chain vendors, (vii) the risk that SIGA or its collaborators will not obtain appropriate or necessary governmental approvals to market these or other potential products or uses, (vii)(viii) the risk that SIGA may not be able to secure or enforce sufficient legal rights in its products, including intellectual property protection, (viii)(ix) the risk that any challenge to SIGA’s patent and other property rights, if adversely determined, could affect SIGA’s business and, even if determined favorably, could be costly, (ix)(x) the risk that regulatory requirements applicable to SIGA’s products may result in the need for further or additional testing or documentation that will delay or prevent SIGA from seeking or obtaining needed approvals to market these products, (x)(xi) the risk that the volatile and competitive nature of the biotechnology industry may hamper SIGA’s efforts to develop or market its products, (xi)(xii) the risk that changes in domestic or foreign economic and market conditions may affect SIGA’s ability to advance its research or may affect its products adversely, (xii)(xiii) the effect of federal, state, and foreign regulation, including drug regulation and international trade regulation, on SIGA’s businesses, (xiii)(xiv) the risk of disruptions to SIGA’s supply chain for the manufacture of TPOXX®, causing delays in SIGA’s research and development activities, causing delays or the re-allocation of funding in connection with SIGA’s government contracts, or diverting the attention of government staff overseeing SIGA’s government contracts, (xiv)(xv) risks associated with actions or uncertainties surrounding the debt ceiling, (xv)(xvi) the risk that the U.S. or foreign governments' responses (including inaction) to national or global economic conditions or infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, are ineffective and may adversely affect SIGA’s business, and (xvi)(xvii) risks associated with responding to the current mpox outbreak, as well as the risks and uncertainties included in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and SIGA's subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. SIGA urges investors and security holders to read those documents, which are available free of charge at the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. All such forward-looking statements are current only as of the date on which such statements were made. SIGA does not undertake any obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which any such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. The information contained on any website referenced in this Form 10-Q is not incorporated by reference into this filing.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our investment portfolio includes cash and cash equivalents. Our main investment objectives are the preservation of investment capital. We believe that our investment policy is conservative, both in the duration of our investments and the credit quality of the investments we hold. We do not utilize derivative financial instruments, derivative commodity instruments or other market risk sensitive instruments, positions or transactions to manage exposure to interest rate changes. As such, we believe that the securities we hold are subject to market risk and changes in the financial standing of the issuers of such securities and our interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31,September 30, 2023. The term “disclosure controls and procedures” is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31,September 30, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31,September 30, 2023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

PART II-OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be involved in a variety of claims, suits, investigations and proceedings arising from the ordinary course of our business, including collections claims, breach of contract claims, labor and employment claims, tax related matters and other matters. Although such claims, suits, investigations and proceedings are inherently uncertain and their results cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the resolution of such current pending matters, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on our business, condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of legal costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our results of operations and financial condition are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties described in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of our 2022 Form 10-K exceptand Part II, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of our Form 10-Q for the following: 

The cash and cash equivalents that we use to meet our cash needs, including working capital and operating expenses, are held in deposit or investment accounts at four financial institutions. If one or multiple financial institutions fail, our deposit or investment accounts could be adversely affected due to the loss of or delay in obtaining access to all or a portion of our uninsured funds.

The cash and cash equivalents that we use to meet our cash needs, including working capital and operating expenses, are held in deposit or investment accounts at four financial institutions. The balance held in these accounts regularly exceeds the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), standard deposit insurance limit or similar government guarantee schemes, or in the case of investment accounts, is not insured. If one or multiple financial institutions in which we hold such funds fails or is subject to significant adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets, we could be subject to a risk of loss of all or a portion of such uninsured funds or be subject to a delay in accessing all or a portion of such uninsured funds. Any such loss or lack of access to these funds could adversely impact our short-term liquidity and ability to meet our operating expense obligations.period ended March 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, and Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES