UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________to__________

Commission file number: 001-39599

HOLLEY INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	87-1727560
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1801 Russellville Road, Bowling Green, KY 42101

(Address of principal executive offices)

(270) 782-2900

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) N/A

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading

symbol(s)

Name of each exchange

on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.0001

Warrants to purchase common stock

HLLY

HLLY WS

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

There were ~~118,265,966~~118,566,872 shares of Common Stock, including 1,093,750 restricted earn-out shares, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding as of ~~May 5,~~November 3, 2023.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") that are intended to enjoy the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the Securities Act and Exchange Act, as well as protections afforded by other federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements relate to expectations for future financial performance, business strategies or expectations for the Company’s business. Forward-looking statements may be accompanied by words such as “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “forecast,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seek,” “plan,” “scheduled,” “anticipate,” “intend” or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Actual results could differ materially due to numerous factors, including but not limited to the Company’s ability to do any of the following:

•

execute its business strategy, including monetization of services provided and expansions in and into existing and new lines of business;

•

anticipate and manage through disruptions and higher costs in manufacturing, supply chain, logistical operations, and shortages of certain company products in distribution channels;

•

anticipate and manage through supply shortages of key component parts used in our products and the need to shift the mix of products offered in response thereto;

•

respond to the impact of geopolitical events, including military conflicts (including the conflict in Ukraine, the conflict in Israel and surrounding areas, the possible expansion of such conflicts and potential geopolitical consequences), the interruption from catastrophic events and problems such as terrorism, and public health ~~crises, cyber-attacks, or failure of key information technology systems;~~crises;

•

maintain key strategic relationships with partners and resellers;

•

anticipate and manage through the ~~rise in~~impact of elevated interest ~~rates~~rate levels, which ~~would increase~~cause the cost of capital to increase, as well as respond to inflationary pressures;

•

enhance future operating and financial results;

•

respond to uncertainties associated with product and service development and market acceptance;

•

anticipate and manage through increased constraints in consumer demand and/or shifts in the mix of products sold;

•

attract and retain qualified employees and key personnel;

•

protect and enhance the Company’s corporate reputation and brand awareness;

•

recognition of goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges;

•

effectively respond to general economic and business conditions;

•

acquire and protect intellectual property;

•

collect, store, process and use personal and payment information and other consumer data;

•

comply with privacy and data protection laws and other legal obligations related to privacy, information security, and data protection;

•

The impact of any security breaches, cyber-attacks, or other cybersecurity threats or incidents, or the failure of any key information technology systems;

•

meet future liquidity requirements and comply with restrictive covenants related to long-term indebtedness;

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•

obtain additional capital, including use of the debt market;

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•

manage to finance operations on an economically viable basis;

•

maintain Holley’s New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) listing of its common stock (“Common Stock”) and warrants to purchase Common ~~Stock (“Warrants”);~~Stock;

•

comply with existing and/or future laws and regulations applicable to its business, including laws and regulations related to environmental health and safety;

•

respond to litigation, complaints, product liability claims and/or adverse publicity;

•

~~stay abreast of modified or new laws and regulations;~~

•

anticipate the significance and timing of contractual obligations;

•

anticipate the impact of, and response to, new accounting standards;

•

maintain proper and effective internal controls;

•

~~anticipate~~respond to the impact of ~~new~~changes in U.S. ~~federal income~~ tax ~~law,~~laws and regulations, including the impact on deferred tax assets;

•

anticipate the time during which we will be an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”);

•

anticipate the impact of changes in consumer spending patterns, consumer preferences, local, regional and national economic conditions, crime, weather, and demographic trends; and

•

respond to other risks and factors, listed under the caption “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on March 15, 2023, in Part II. Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, ~~and~~and/or as disclosed in any subsequent filings with the SEC.

Forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our management’s expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgements, risks and uncertainties, and actual results, developments and business decisions may differ materially from those envisaged by such forward-looking statements. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

HOLLEY INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

	As of						As of
	April 2, 2023			December 31, 2022			October 1, 2023			December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	20,816		$	26,150		$	36,833		$	26,150
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses of $1,868 and $1,550 respectively		56,277			47,083
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses of $1,852 and $1,550 respectively								47,390			47,083
Inventory		229,045			233,573			207,161			233,573
Prepaids and other current assets		18,046			18,157			13,283			18,157
Total current assets		324,184			324,963			304,667			324,963
Property, plant, and equipment, net		50,621			52,181			48,026			52,181
Goodwill		418,121			418,121			419,056			418,121
Other intangibles assets, net		421,292			424,855			413,774			424,855
Right-of-use assets		28,099			29,522			30,415			29,522
Other noncurrent assets								3,185			—
Total assets	$	1,242,317		$	1,249,642		$	1,219,123		$	1,249,642
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Accounts payable	$	37,403		$	44,948		$	39,762		$	44,948
Accrued interest		5,908			5,994			324			5,994
Accrued liabilities		45,683			43,317			42,225			43,317
Current portion of long-term debt		6,571			7,000			6,571			7,000
Total current liabilities		95,565			101,259			88,882			101,259
Long-term debt, net of current portion		636,151			643,563			603,507			643,563
Warrant liability		5,707			4,272			9,788			4,272
Earn-out liability		1,604			1,176			3,265			1,176
Deferred taxes		56,099			58,390			49,774			58,390
Other noncurrent liabilities		26,793			24,992
Long-term operating lease liabilities								26,006			24,992
Total liabilities		821,919			833,652			781,222			833,652
Commitments and contingencies (Refer to Note 18 - Commitments and Contingencies)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding on April 2, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 550,000,000 shares authorized, 117,172,216 and 117,147,997 shares issued and outstanding on April 2, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		12			12
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding on October 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022								—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 550,000,000 shares authorized, 117,473,122 and 117,147,997 shares issued and outstanding on October 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively								12			12
Additional paid-in capital		368,482			368,122			372,158			368,122
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,143	)		(944	)		(1,047	)		(944	)
Retained earnings		53,047			48,800			66,778			48,800
Total stockholders' equity		420,398			415,990			437,901			415,990
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,242,317		$	1,249,642		$	1,219,123		$	1,249,642

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HOLLEY INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	For the thirteen weeks ended					For the thirteen weeks ended						For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 2, 2023			April 3, 2022		October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022			October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022
Net sales	$	172,205		$	200,055	$	156,530		$	154,775		$	503,997		$	534,250
Cost of goods sold		104,492			117,334		98,156			106,383			308,162			327,849
Gross profit		67,713			82,721		58,374			48,392			195,835			206,401
Selling, general, and administrative		30,017			34,342		28,880			31,921			87,998			102,532
Research and development costs		6,653			8,161		6,100			6,039			18,935			22,396
Amortization of intangible assets		3,679			3,661		3,687			3,662			11,040			10,985
Impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets							—			2,395			—			2,395
Acquisition and restructuring costs		1,339			290		415			1,266			2,106			3,247
Other operating expense		51			222
Other operating expense (income)							(28	)		47			508			594
Total operating expense		41,739			46,676		39,054			45,330			120,587			142,149
Operating income		25,974			36,045		19,320			3,062			75,248			64,252
Change in fair value of warrant liability		1,435			2,227		2,064			(30,171	)		5,516			(51,112	)
Change in fair value of earn-out liability		428			2,381		700			(7,429	)		2,089			(9,282	)
Interest expense		18,298			7,391
Total non-operating expense		20,161			11,999
Interest expense, net							13,712			10,428			41,909			26,780
Total non-operating expense (income)							16,476			(27,172	)		49,514			(33,614	)
Income before income taxes		5,813			24,046		2,844			30,234			25,734			97,866
Income tax expense		1,566			7,188
Income tax expense (benefit)							2,092			(1,345	)		7,756			8,866
Net income	$	4,247		$	16,858	$	752		$	31,579		$	17,978		$	89,000
Comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(199	)		241		(176	)		516			(103	)		1,258
Total comprehensive income	$	4,048		$	17,099	$	576		$	32,095		$	17,875		$	90,258
Common Share Data:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		117,153,525			115,876,204		117,397,069			117,119,609			117,256,959			116,636,906
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted		117,244,762			116,048,559		119,245,956			117,138,134			118,119,501			117,273,613
Basic net income per share	$	0.04		$	0.15	$	0.01		$	0.27		$	0.15		$	0.76
Diluted net income per share	$	0.04		$	0.15	$	0.01		$	0.27		$	0.15		$	0.32

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HOLLEY INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)


	Common Stock							Accumulated			Retained						Common Stock							Accumulated			Retained
					Additional			Other			Earnings										Additional			Other			Earnings
					Paid-In			Comprehensive			(Accumulated										Paid-In			Comprehensive			(Accumulated
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Gain (Loss)			Deficit)			Total			Shares		Amount		Capital			Gain (Loss)			Deficit)			Total
Balance at December 31, 2021		115,805,639	$	12	$	329,705		$	(256	)	$	(24,974	)	$	304,487			115,805,639	$	12	$	329,705		$	(256	)	$	(24,974	)	$	304,487
Net income		—		—		—			—			16,858			16,858			—		—		—			—			16,858			16,858
Equity compensation		—		—		3,162			—			—			3,162			—		—		3,162			—			—			3,162
Foreign currency translation		—		—		—			241			—			241			—		—		—			241			—			241
Issuance of earn-out shares		1,093,750		—		14,689			—			—			14,689
Issuance of vested Earn-Out Shares																		1,093,750		—		14,689			—			—			14,689
Balance at April 3, 2022		116,899,389	$	12	$	347,556		$	(15	)	$	(8,116	)	$	339,437			116,899,389		12		347,556			(15	)		(8,116	)		339,437
Net income																		—		—		—			—			40,563			40,563
Equity compensation																		—		—		3,483			—			—			3,483
Foreign currency translation																		—		—		—			501			—			501
Warrants exercised																		33,333		—		383			—			—			383
Balance at July 3, 2022																		116,932,722		12		351,422			486			32,447			384,367
Net income																		—		—		—			—			31,579			31,579
Equity compensation																		—		—		2,873			—			—			2,873
Foreign currency translation																		—		—		—			516			—			516
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units																		—		—		(1,050	)		—			—			(1,050	)
Issuance of shares for restricted stock units																		215,275		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at October 2, 2022																		117,147,997	$	12	$	353,245		$	1,002		$	64,026		$	418,285

Balance at December 31, 2022		117,147,997	$	12	$	368,122		$	(944	)	$	48,800		$	415,990			117,147,997	$	12	$	368,122		$	(944	)	$	48,800		$	415,990
Net income		—		—		—			—			4,247			4,247			—		—		—			—			4,247			4,247
Equity compensation		—		—		394			—			—			394			—		—		394			—			—			394
Foreign currency translation		—		—		—			(199	)		—			(199	)		—		—		—			(199	)		—			(199	)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units		—		—		(34	)		—			—			(34	)		—		—		(34	)		—			—			(34	)
Issuance of shares for restricted stock units		24,219		—		—			—			—			—			24,219		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at April 2, 2023		117,172,216	$	12	$	368,482		$	(1,143	)	$	53,047		$	420,398			117,172,216		12		368,482			(1,143	)		53,047			420,398
Net income																		—		—		—			—			12,979			12,979
Equity compensation																		—		—		1,806			—			—			1,806
Foreign currency translation																		—		—		—			272			—			272
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units																		—		—		(39	)		—			—			(39	)
Issuance of shares for restricted stock units																		77,638		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at July 2, 2023																		117,249,854		12		370,249			(871	)		66,026			435,416
Net income																		—		—		—			—			752			752
Equity compensation																		—		—		2,970			—			—			2,970
Foreign currency translation																		—		—		—			(176	)		—			(176	)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units																		—		—		(1,061	)		—			—			(1,061	)
Issuance of shares for restricted stock units																		223,268		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at October 1, 2023																		117,473,122	$	12	$	372,158		$	(1,047	)	$	66,778		$	437,901

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HOLLEY INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	For the thirteen weeks ended						For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 2, 2023			April 3, 2022			October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	4,247		$	16,858		$	17,978		$	89,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation		2,485			2,140			7,738			7,500
Amortization of intangible assets		3,679			3,661			11,040			10,985
Impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets								—			2,395
Amortization of deferred loan costs		445			417			1,339			1,277
Amortization of right of use assets		1,371			1,348			4,014			4,203
Gain on termination of leases								—			(279	)
Fair value adjustments to warrant liability		1,435			2,227			5,516			(51,112	)
Fair value adjustments to earn-out liability		428			2,381			2,089			(9,282	)
Fair value adjustments to interest rate collar liability		3,020			—
Fair value adjustments to interest rate collar								(3,185	)		—
Equity compensation		394			3,162			5,170			9,518
Change in deferred taxes		(2,302	)		(1,310	)		(8,616	)		(4,219	)
Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment		(252	)		52			(227	)		559
Provision for inventory reserves		2,735			44			3,824			5,432
Provision for credit losses		436			(122	)		744			403
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(9,623	)		(12,275	)		(1,054	)		(8,573	)
Inventories		1,899			(5,384	)		21,046			(46,299	)
Prepaids and other current assets		146			4,286			4,862			1,027
Accounts payable		(7,611	)		(3,712	)		(5,413	)		(1,922	)
Accrued interest		(86	)		(172	)		(5,670	)		1,416
Accrued and other liabilities		793			4,748			(4,332	)		135
Net cash provided by operating activities		3,639			18,349			56,863			12,164
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures		(1,001	)		(5,740	)		(4,417	)		(11,745	)
Proceeds from the disposal of fixed assets		318			153			1,292			473
Cash paid for acquisitions, net		—			(1,617	)		—			(14,077	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(683	)		(7,204	)		(3,125	)		(25,349	)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt								—			27,000
Principal payments on long-term debt		(7,284	)		(3,288	)		(40,437	)		(31,790	)
Deferred financing fees		(1,117	)		—			(1,427	)		—
Payments from stock-based award activities		(34	)		—			(1,134	)		(1,050	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in connection with the exercise of Warrants								—			383
Net cash used in financing activities		(8,435	)		(3,288	)		(42,998	)		(5,457	)
Effect of foreign currency rate fluctuations on cash		145			(101	)		(57	)		(1,077	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(5,334	)		7,756			10,683			(19,719	)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of period		26,150			36,325			26,150			36,325
End of period	$	20,816		$	44,081		$	36,833		$	16,606
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	14,919		$	8,129		$	50,290		$	25,070
Cash paid for income taxes		2,500			—			16,041			6,834
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Earn-out shares issued to Empower Sponsor Holdings LLC	$	—		$	14,689

Vested Earn-Out Shares issued to Empower Sponsor Holdings LLC							$	—		$	14,689

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

1.	DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS, BASIS OF PRESENTATION, AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Holley Inc., a Delaware corporation headquartered in Bowling Green, Kentucky, ~~(the “Company” or “Holley”),~~ conducts operations through its wholly owned subsidiaries. These operating subsidiaries are comprised of Holley Performance Products Inc. ~~(“Holley Performance”)~~, Hot Rod Brands, Inc. ~~(“Hot Rod Brands”)~~, Simpson Safety Solutions, Inc., B&M Racing and Performance Products, Inc., and Speedshop.com, Inc. When used in these notes, the terms the “Company” or “Holley” mean Holley, Inc. and all entities included in its consolidated financial statements.

The Company consummated a business combination (the “Business Combination”) pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 11, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Empower Ltd., (“Empower”), Empower Merger Sub I Inc., Empower Merger Sub II LLC, and Holley Intermediate Holdings, Inc. (“Holley Intermediate”) on July 16, 2021, (the “Closing” and such date, the “Closing Date”). The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in which Holley Intermediate was deemed the accounting acquirer with Holley Inc. as the successor registrant. As such, Empower was treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes. On the Closing Date, Empower changed its name to Holley ~~Inc~~Inc. and its trading symbol on the ~~New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”)~~NYSE from “EMPW” to “HLLY.”

The Company designs, manufactures and distributes performance automotive products to customers primarily in the United States, Canada and Europe. The Company is a leading manufacturer of a diversified line of performance automotive products, including carburetors, fuel pumps, fuel injection systems, nitrous oxide injection systems, superchargers, exhaust headers, mufflers, distributors, ignition components, engine tuners and automotive performance plumbing products. The Company is also a leading manufacturer of exhaust products as well as shifters, converters, transmission kits, transmissions, tuners and automotive software. The Company’s products are designed to enhance street, off-road, recreational and competitive vehicle performance through increased horsepower, torque and drivability. The Company has locations in ~~North America,~~the United States, Canada, Italy and China.

Emerging Growth Company Status

Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company is an emerging growth company, and, as such, has elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for new or revised financial accounting standards.

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~~HOLLEY INC.~~

~~NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(in thousands, except share data)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company's business and results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity are impacted by broad economic conditions including inflation, labor shortages, and disruption of the supply chain, as well as by geopolitical events, ~~specifically~~including the conflict in Ukraine, the conflict in Israel and surrounding areas, and the ~~lingering effects~~possible expansion of ~~COVID-~~~~19.~~such conflicts and potential geopolitical consequences. The Company's operations have been adversely impacted by inflationary pressures primarily related to transportation, labor and component costs. Sales growth in certain products has been constrained by ~~continuing~~ supply chain challenges and automotive electronic component shortages. In response to the global supply chain volatility and inflationary impacts, the Company has attempted to minimize potential adverse impacts on its business with cost savings initiatives, price increases to customers, and by increasing inventory levels of certain products and working closely with its suppliers and customers to minimize disruptions in delivering products to customers. Our profitability has been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by constrained consumer demand, a shift in sales to lower-margin products, and demands on our performance that ~~increased~~increase our costs. Should the ongoing macroeconomic conditions not improve, or worsen, or if the Company's attempt to mitigate the impact on its supply chain, operations and costs is not successful, the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP" or “GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023, in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K. In management’s opinion, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, that are necessary for a fair presentation of financial results for the interim periods presented. Operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full fiscal year.

The Company operates on a ~~calendar~~fiscal year that ends on December ~~31, 2023~~31. ~~and~~ ~~2022.~~The three- and nine-month periods ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022 each included 13 ~~weeks.~~weeks and 39 weeks, respectively.

Principles of Consolidation

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

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~~HOLLEY INC.~~

~~NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

~~(in thousands, except share data)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The following are updates to the significant accounting policies described in our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Equity-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for equity-based awards granted to employees and nonemployees under the fair value method prescribed by Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Subtopic 718-10, Stock Compensation. Equity-based compensation cost is measured based on the estimated grant date fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period). The ~~Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The~~ fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model. Restricted stock units are valued at the stock price on the grant date. The fair value of profit interest units ~~("PIUs")~~ granted by Holley Parent Holdings, LLC (the "Holley Stockholder") is estimated based on the Company’s estimated equity value for each unit class at the time of granting using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, discounted to reflect market considerations for illiquidity.

~~The Company also grants performance~~Performance share units ~~("PSUs"), which~~that vest ~~if certain~~based on the achievement of company-designated performance targets ~~are achieved. PSUs~~ are valued at the stock price on the grant date. ~~Based~~Compensation expense in respect of such performance share units is recognized each period based on the expected level of achievement ~~equity-based compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period. The expected levels of achievement are reassessed over the requisite service period~~ and, to the extent that the expected levels of achievement change, ~~equity-based~~ compensation cost is adjusted in the period of change ~~and~~with the remaining unrecognized cost ~~is recorded~~recognized over the remaining requisite service period. For performance share units that vest based on the achievement of predetermined market conditions, the Company estimates the grant date fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation model.The fair value associated with each tranche of the award is recognized, straight-line, over the associated requisite service period for that tranche, subject to acceleration if the market condition is met prior to the end of the derived service period.

Unless the awards contain a market condition, previously recognized expense related to forfeited awards is reversed in the period in which the forfeiture occurs. For awards containing a market condition, previously recognized stock-based compensation expense is not reversed when the awards are forfeited as long as the service is provided for the duration of the required service period.

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as assets or liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value on the grant date and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. Derivative assets and liabilities are classified on the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

The Company uses derivative instruments to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates on borrowings under its debt facility. These derivative instruments are primarily valued on the basis of quotes obtained from banks, brokers, and/or dealers. The valuation of the derivative instruments considers future expected interest rates on the notional principal balance remaining, which is comparable to what a prospective acquirer would pay on the measurement date. Valuation pricing models consider inputs such as forward rates, anticipated interest rate volatility relating to the reference rate, as well as time value, counterparty risk and other factors underlying derivative instruments.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. This ASU requires entities to apply the definition of a performance obligation under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue) relating to contracts with customers that are acquired in a business combination. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2021-08, an acquirer generally recognized assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including contract assets and contract liabilities arising from revenue contracts with customers, at fair value on the acquisition date. ASU No. 2021-08 results in the acquirer recording acquired contract assets and liabilities on the same basis that would have been recorded by the acquiree before the acquisition under ASC Topic 606. The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 on January 1, 2023. Adoption of ASU 2021-08 did not impact the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

2.	ACQUISITIONS

In 2022, the Company completed three acquisitions. These acquisitions are expected to enhance the Company's portfolio of products and services in the automotive aftermarket and automotive safety solutions market.

The Company accounts for acquisitions using the acquisition method, and accordingly, the purchase price has been allocated based upon the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. ~~The valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is subject to revision. If additional information becomes available, the Company~~ ~~may~~ ~~further revise the purchase price allocation as soon as practical, but~~ no ~~later than~~ ~~one~~ ~~year from the acquisition date; however, material changes are~~ ~~not~~ ~~expected.~~ Goodwill generated by the acquisitions is primarily attributable to the strong market position of the entities acquired.

Purchase price consideration for all acquisitions was paid primarily in cash. All acquisitions were for 100 percent of the acquired business and are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, net of acquired cash and cash equivalents. Acquisition-related costs, including advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and other costs, are typically expensed in the periods in which the costs are incurred and are recorded in acquisition and restructuring costs. The results of operations of acquired businesses are included in the consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date.

In 2022, the Company acquired substantially all the assets of John's Ind., Inc. ~~("John's")~~, Southern Kentucky Classics, ~~("SKC"),~~ and Vesta Motorsports USA, Inc., doing business as ~~RaceQuip ("RaceQuip").~~RaceQuip. These acquisitions were immaterial business combinations. Cash paid for the three acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $14,863, and was funded with borrowings from the Company's credit facility and cash on hand. The acquisitions resulted in both amortizable and nonamortizable intangibles and goodwill totaling ~~$9,618.~~$10,553. The goodwill and intangibles generated as a result of these acquisitions are deductible for income tax purposes. The final allocation of the purchase price allocation to specific assets acquired and liabilities assumed ~~may~~ ~~change in future periods as~~was adjusted to reflect the final fair value ~~estimates~~estimate of ~~inventory~~acquired assets and ~~intangibles are completed.~~liabilities, as noted below.

The allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was based on estimates of the fair value of the net assets as follows:

				Measurement									Measurement
	2022			Period			2022			2022			Period			2022
	(as initially reported)			Adjustments			(as adjusted)			(as initially reported)			Adjustments			(as adjusted)
Accounts receivable	$	959		$	(397	)	$	562		$	959		$	(397	)	$	562
Inventory		3,481			1,081			4,562			3,481			146			3,627
Property, plant and equipment		275			—			275			275			—			275
Other assets		1,132			(1,108	)		24			1,132			(1,108	)		24
Tradenames		1,689			—			1,689			1,689			—			1,689
Customer relationships		1,512			—			1,512			1,512			—			1,512
Goodwill		5,858			559			6,417			5,858			1,494			7,352
Accounts payable		(25	)		(133	)		(158	)		(25	)		(133	)		(158	)
Accrued liabilities		(18	)		(2	)		(20	)		(18	)		(2	)		(20	)
	$	14,863		$	—		$	14,863		$	14,863		$	—		$	14,863

The fair value of the acquired customer relationship intangible asset was estimated using the excess earnings approach. The customer relationship intangible asset is being amortized based on the attrition rate of customers which was determined to be 20 years. The fair value of the acquired tradenames intangible asset was estimated using the relief from royalty method, a form of the income approach. The tradenames were determined to have an indefinite life.

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

INVENTORY

Inventories of the Company consisted of the following:

	As of				As of
	April 2, 2023		December 31, 2022		October 1, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	73,964	$	78,586	$	67,811	$	78,586
Work-in-process		25,645		23,906		23,424		23,906
Finished goods		129,436		131,081		115,926		131,081
	$	229,045	$	233,573	$	207,161	$	233,573

4.	PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property, plant and equipment of the Company consisted of the following:

	As of				As of
	April 2, 2023		December 31, 2022		October 1, 2023		December 31, 2022
Land	$	3,426	$	3,426	$	3,326	$	3,426
Buildings and improvements		11,606		11,051		11,164		11,051
Machinery and equipment		69,912		66,140		71,620		66,140
Construction in process		5,791		9,563		6,592		9,563
Total property, plant and equipment		90,735		90,180		92,702		90,180
Less: accumulated depreciation		40,114		37,999		44,676		37,999
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	50,621	$	52,181	$	48,026	$	52,181

The Company’s long-lived assets by geographic locations are as follows:

	As of				As of
	April 2, 2023		December 31, 2022		October 1, 2023		December 31, 2022
United States	$	48,841	$	50,434	$	46,056	$	50,434
International		1,780		1,747		1,970		1,747
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	50,621	$	52,181	$	48,026	$	52,181

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

5.	GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following presents changes to goodwill for the period indicated:

	For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	October 1, 2023
Balance on December 31, 2022		418,121
Measurement period adjustments		935
Balance on October 1, 2023	$	419,056

Goodwill ~~of $418,121 as of~~ ~~April 2, 2023~~, represents the premium paid over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Company's business combinations. The measurement period for the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed ends as soon as information on the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date becomes available, not to exceed 12 months. Adjustments in purchase price allocations may require a change in the amounts allocated to goodwill during the periods in which the adjustments are determined. No ~~changes to goodwill occurred during the~~ ~~thirteen~~ ~~weeks ended~~ ~~April 2, 2023~~.

No goodwill impairment charges were incurred during the 13-week and 39-week periods ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022. During the third quarter of 2022, management concluded that it was necessary to reevaluate goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment due to supply chain constraints that resulted in the Company revising its earnings estimates for 2022. As a result of this evaluation, a pre-tax impairment of $2.4 million was recognized on certain indefinite-lived tradenames. Potential changes in ~~our~~the Company's costs and operating structure, the implementation of synergies, and overall performance in the automotive aftermarket industry, could negatively impact ~~our~~ near-term cash-flow projections and could trigger a potential impairment of the Company's goodwill and / or indefinite-lived intangible assets. In addition, failure to execute the Company's strategic plans as well as increases in weighted average costs of capital could negatively impact the fair value of the reporting unit and increase the risk of future impairment charges.

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

	April 2, 2023							October 1, 2023
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	269,950	$	(47,066	)	$	222,884	$	269,950	$	(52,844	)	$	217,106
Tradenames		13,775		(5,025	)		8,750		13,775		(5,387	)		8,388
Technology		26,676		(12,132	)		14,544		26,676		(13,353	)		13,323
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$	310,401	$	(64,223	)	$	246,178	$	310,401	$	(71,584	)	$	238,817

Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Tradenames	$	175,114		—		$	175,114	$	174,957		—		$	174,957

	December 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	269,950	$	(44,178	)	$	225,772
Tradenames		13,775		(4,843	)		8,932
Technology		26,676		(11,523	)		15,153
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$	310,401	$	(60,544	)	$	249,857

Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Tradenames	$	174,998		—		$	174,998

The following outlines the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held as of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023:

2023 (excluding the thirteen weeks ended April 2, 2023)	$	10,878
2023 (excluding the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2023)			$	3,517
2024		13,744		13,744
2025		13,714		13,714
2026		13,608		13,608
2027		13,493		13,493
Thereafter		180,741		180,741
Total	$	246,178	$	238,817

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

6.	ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accrued liabilities of the Company consisted of the following:

	As of				As of
	April 2, 2023		December 31, 2022		October 1, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued freight	$	7,719	$	6,861	$	5,468	$	6,861
Accrued employee compensation and benefits		9,340		6,259		11,327		6,259
Accrued returns and allowances		5,494		5,214		5,758		5,214
Accrued taxes		6,358		5,222		4,030		5,222
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		4,946		5,112		5,231		5,112
Accrued other		11,826		14,649		10,411		14,649
Accrued liabilities	$	45,683	$	43,317
Total accrued liabilities					$	42,225	$	43,317

DEBT

Debt of the Company consisted of the following:

	As of						As of
	April 2, 2023			December 31, 2022			October 1, 2023			December 31, 2022
First lien term loan due November 17, 2028	$	647,278		$	649,350		$	619,147		$	649,350
Revolver		5,000			10,000			—			10,000
Other		2,672			2,770			2,122			2,770
Less unamortized debt issuance costs		(12,228	)		(11,557	)		(11,191	)		(11,557	)
		642,722			650,563			610,078			650,563
Less current portion of long-term debt		(6,571	)		(7,000	)		(6,571	)		(7,000	)
	$	636,151		$	643,563		$	603,507		$	643,563

On November 18, 2021, the Company entered into a credit facility with a syndicate of lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders, letter of credit issuer and swing line lender (the "Credit Agreement"). The financing consisted of a seven-year $600,000 first lien term loan, a five-year $125,000 revolving credit facility, and a $100,000 delayed draw term loan. The proceeds of delayed draw loans made after closing were available to the Company to finance acquisitions. Upon the expiration of the delayed draw term loan in May 2022, the Company had drawn $57,000, which is included in the amount outstanding under the first lien term loan due November 17, 2028.

The revolving credit facility includes a letter of credit facility in the amount of $10,000, pursuant to which letters of credit may be issued as long as revolving loans may be advanced and subject to availability under the revolving credit facility. The Company had $1,728 in outstanding letters of credit on ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023.

Proceeds from the credit facility were used to repay in full the Company’s obligations under its previously existing first lien and second lien notes and to pay $13,413 in deferred financing fees related to the refinancing.

The first lien term loan is to be repaid in quarterly payments of $1,643 through September 30, 2028 with the balance due upon maturity on November 17, 2028. The Company is required to make annual payments on the term loan in an amount equal to 50% of annual excess cash flow greater than $5,000,as defined in the Credit Agreement. This percentage requirement may decrease or be eliminated if certain leverage ratios are achieved. Based on ~~our~~the Company's results for 2022, no excess cash flow payment was required in 2023. Any such payments offset future mandatory quarterly payments. The Credit Agreement permits voluntary prepayments at any time, in whole or in part. The Company paid down an aggregate of $24,845 in principal on its outstanding first lien term loan by repurchasing $13,845 at a discount to par and making a voluntary repayment of $11,000 during the 13-week period ended October 1, 2023.

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, amounts outstanding under the credit facility accrue interest at a rate equal to either the ~~London Interbank Offering~~Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("~~LIBOR"~~SOFR") or base rate, at the Company's election, plus a specified margin. ~~LIBOR is expected to be phased out by~~ ~~June 2023.~~ ~~The Company's LIBOR-based borrowings under the credit facility contemplate a transition from LIBOR to an alternative index.~~ In the case of revolving credit loans and letter of credit fees, the specified margin is based on the Company's Total Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement. Commitment fees payable under the revolving credit facility are based on the Company's Total Leverage Ratio. On ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, the weighted average interest rate on the Company's borrowings under the credit facility was ~~8.7%~~9.4%.

~~During the quarter ended~~ ~~April 2, 2023~~~~, the~~The Company has entered into an interest rate collar in the notional amount of $500,000 to hedge the Company's exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on its variable-rate debt. Refer to Note 9, "Derivative Instruments," for additional information.

Obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets. The Credit Agreement includes representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants customary for financings of this type, including, but not limited to, limitations on restricted payments, additional borrowings, additional investments, and asset sales.

In February 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement which, among other things, increases the consolidated net leverage ratio financial covenant level applicable under the Credit Agreement as of the quarter ending April 2, 2023 through the quarter ending March 31, 2024 (the “Covenant Relief Period”), to initially 7.25:1.00, and provides for modified step-down levels for such covenant thereafter. As an ongoing condition to the Covenant Relief Period, the Company also agreed to (i) a minimum liquidity test, (ii) an interest coverage test, (iii) an anti-cash hoarding test at any time revolving loans are outstanding, and (iv) additional reporting obligations. Under the amended Credit Agreement, the revolving credit facility contains a minimum liquidity financial covenant of $45,000, which includes unrestricted cash and any available borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility. ~~The Company incurred $1,117 of deferred financing fees related to the amendment. On~~ ~~April 2, 2023~~~~, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants.~~

In April 2023, the Company entered into a second amendment to the Credit Agreement in which the interest rate on any outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement was changed from LIBOR to SOFR. In May 2023, the ~~Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR").~~Company entered into a third amendment to the Credit Agreement in which certain defined terms were clarified. The Company incurred $1,427 of deferred financing fees related to these amendments. On October 1, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants.

Some of the lenders that are parties to the Credit Agreement, and their respective affiliates, have various relationships with the Company in the ordinary course of business involving the provision of financial services, including cash management, commercial banking, investment banking or other services.

Future maturities of long-term debt and amortization of debt issuance costs as of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 are as follows:

	Debt		Debt Issuance Costs		Debt		Debt Issuance Costs
2023 (excluding the thirteen weeks ended April 2, 2023)	$	5,580	$	1,314
2023 (excluding the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2023)					$	1,855	$	446
2024		7,447		1,897		7,425		1,869
2025		7,716		2,047		7,628		2,016
2026		6,571		2,212		6,571		2,178
2027		6,571		2,392		6,571		2,354
Thereafter		621,065		2,366		591,219		2,328
	$	654,950	$	12,228	$	621,269	$	11,191

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

8.	COMMON STOCK WARRANTS AND EARN-OUT LIABILITY

Upon the Closing, there were 14,666,644 Warrants, consisting of 9,999,977 public warrants ("Public Warrants") and 4,666,667 private warrants ("Private Warrants" and together with the Public Warrants, ~~and 4,666,667 Private Warrants,~~the “Warrants”), outstanding to purchase shares of Common Stock that were issued by Empower prior to the Business Combination. Each ~~warrant~~Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustments, provided that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the ~~warrants~~Warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available and such shares are registered, qualified or exempt from registration under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder. The Warrants may be exercised only for a whole number of shares of Common Stock. The Warrants expire on July 16, 2026, the date that is five years after the Closing ~~date,~~Date, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. Additionally, the Private Warrants will be non-redeemable and are exercisable on a cashless basis so long as they are held by Empower Sponsor Holdings, LLC (the "Sponsor") or any of its permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

The Company may redeem the Public Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days' notice if the closing price of Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share, subject to adjustments, on the trading day prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is an effective registration statement and current prospectus in effect with respect to the ordinary shares underlying such Warrants throughout the 30-day redemption period. If the foregoing conditions are satisfied and the Company issues a notice of redemption of the Warrants, the Warrant holder is entitled to exercise his, her or its Warrant prior to the scheduled redemption date. Any such exercise requires the Warrant holder to pay the exercise price for each Warrant being exercised. Further, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants at a price of $0.10 per warrant upon 30 days' notice if the closing price of Common Stock equals or exceeds $10.00 per share, subject to adjustments, on the trading day prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given. Beginning on the date the notice of redemption is given until the Warrants are redeemed or exercised, holders may elect to exercise their Warrants on a cashless basis and receive that number of shares of Common Stock as determined by reference to a table in the warrant agreement.

During any period when the Company has failed to maintain an effective registration statement, warrant holders may exercise ~~warrants~~Warrants on a cashless basis in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption, ~~but~~and the Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue-sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

The Company’s Warrants are accounted for as a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented as a warrant liability on the balance sheet. The warrant liability was measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value recognized as non-operating expense. As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, a warrant liability with a fair value of ~~$5,707~~$9,788 and $4,272, respectively, was reflected as a long-term liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. An increase of ~~$1,435~~$2,064 and ~~$2,227~~a decrease of $30,171 in the fair value of the warrant liability was reflected as change in fair value of warrant liability in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the 13-week periods ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022, respectively. An increase of $5,516 and a decrease of $51,112 in the fair value of the warrant liability was reflected as change in fair value of warrant liability in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the 39-week periods ended October 1, 2023 and October 2, 2022, respectively. In April 2022, the Company issued 33,333 shares of Common Stock in connection with the exercise of Public Warrants assumed in the Business Combination.

Additionally, the Sponsor received 2,187,500 shares of Common Stock upon the Closing, which vest in two equal tranches upon achievement of certain market share price milestones during the earn-out period, as outlined in the Merger Agreement ~~(“the~~(the “Earn-Out Shares”). The first tranche of Earn-Out Shares vested during the first quarter of 2022. Upon vesting, the first tranche of 1,093,750 Earn-Out Shares were issued and a liability of $14,689, representing the fair value of the shares on the date of vesting, was reclassified from liabilities to equity. The remaining tranche of Earn-Out Shares will be forfeited if the applicable conditions are not satisfied before July 16, 2028 (seven years after the Closing Date). The unvested Earn-Out Shares are presented as an earn-out liability on the balance sheet and are remeasured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized as non-operating expense. As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, an earn-out liability with a fair value of ~~$1,604~~$3,265 and $1,176, respectively, was reflected as a long-term liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. An increase of ~~$428~~$700 and ~~$2,381~~a decrease of $7,429 in the fair value of the earn-out liability was reflected as change in fair value of earn-out liability in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the 13-week periods ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022, respectively. An increase of $2,089 and a decrease of $9,282 in the fair value of the earn-out liability was reflected as change in fair value of earn-out liability in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the 39-week periods ended October 1, 2023 and October 2, 2022, respectively.

Table of Contents

HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

9.	DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company from time to time enters into derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate collar agreements ~~(“Collars”~~(each, a “Collar”), to manage its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on the Company’s variable rate debt. On January 4, 2023, the Company entered into a Collar with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. ("Wells Fargo") with a notional amount of $500,000 that expires on February 18, 2026. The Collar has a floor of 2.811% and a cap of 5% (based on three-month SOFR). The structure of this Collar is such that the Company receives an incremental amount if the Collar index exceeds the cap rate. Conversely, the Company pays an incremental amount to Wells Fargo if the Collar index falls below the floor rate. No payments are required if the Collar index falls between the cap and floor rates.

As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, the Company recognized a derivative ~~liability~~asset of ~~$3,020~~$3,185 for the Collar in other noncurrent ~~liabilities~~assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. For the 13-week ~~period~~and 39-week periods ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, the Company recorded ~~the~~a net change in the fair value of the Collar as a decrease to interest expense of ~~$3,020 in~~$1,117 and $3,185, respectively i~~nterest expense in~~. Cash receipts for the ~~condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. No cash payments were made or received during~~Collar totaled $125 for both the 13-week ~~period~~and 39-week periods ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023~~, as the applicable rate was between the cap and floor rates.~~.

The fair value of the Collar is determined using observable market-based inputs and the impact of credit risk on the derivative’s fair value (the creditworthiness of the Company’s counterparty for assets and the creditworthiness of the Company for liabilities) (a Level 2 measurement, as described in Note 10, "Fair Value Measurements").

10.

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company’s financial liabilities subject to fair value measurement on a recurring basis and the level of inputs used for such measurements were as follows:

	Fair Value Measured on April 2, 2023								Fair Value Measured on October 1, 2023
									Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Interest rate collar									$	—	$	3,185	$	—	$	3,185
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Warrant liability (Public)	$	3,608	$	—	$	—	$	3,608	$	6,379	$	—	$	—	$	6,379
Warrant liability (Private)		—		—		2,099		2,099		—		—		3,409		3,409
Interest rate collar		—		3,020		—		3,020
Earn-out liability		—		—		1,604		1,604		—		—		3,265		3,265
Total fair value	$	3,608	$	3,020	$	3,703	$	10,331
Total fair value liabilities									$	6,379	$	—	$	6,674	$	13,053

	Fair Value Measured on December 31, 2022								Fair Value Measured on December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Warrant liability (Public)	$	2,691	$	—	$	—	$	2,691	$	2,691	$	—	$	—	$	2,691
Warrant liability (Private)		—		—		1,581		1,581		—		—		1,581		1,581
Earn-out liability		—		—		1,176		1,176		—		—		1,176		1,176
Total fair value	$	2,691	$	—	$	2,757	$	5,448
Total fair value liabilities									$	2,691	$	—	$	2,757	$	5,448

As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, the Company's derivative liabilities for its ~~private~~Private and ~~public warrants,~~Public Warrants, earn-out liability, and derivative asset for its Collar are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (see Note 8, “Common Stock Warrants and Earn-Out Liability,” and Note 9, "Derivative Instruments," for more details). The fair values of the ~~private warrants~~Private Warrants and earn-out liability are determined based on significant inputs not observable in the market (Level 3). The valuation of the Level 3 liabilities uses assumptions and estimates the Company believes would be made by a market participant in making the same valuation. The Company assesses these assumptions and estimates on an on-going basis as additional data impacting the assumptions and estimates are obtained. The Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of its ~~private warrants~~Private Warrants and earn-out liability. The fair value of the Collar, which is included in other noncurrent ~~liabilities~~assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, is determined based on models that reflect the contractual terms of the derivative, yield curves, and the credit quality of the counterparties. Inputs are generally observable and do not contain a high level of subjectivity (Level 2). The fair value of the ~~public warrants~~Public Warrants is determined using publicly traded prices (Level 1). Changes in the fair value of the derivative liabilities related to ~~warrants~~Warrants and the earn-out liability are recognized as non-operating expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Changes in the fair value of the Collar is recognized as an adjustment to interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

The fair value of ~~private warrants~~Private Warrants was estimated as of the measurement date using the Monte Carlo simulation model with the following assumptions:

	April 2, 2023			December 31, 2022			October 1, 2023			December 31, 2022
Valuation date price	$	2.74		$	2.12		$	4.99		$	2.12
Strike price	$	11.50		$	11.50		$	11.50		$	11.50
Remaining life (in years)		3.29			3.54			2.79			3.54
Expected dividend	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Risk-free interest rate		3.69	%		4.06	%		4.72	%		4.06	%
Price threshold	$	18.00		$	18.00		$	18.00		$	18.00

The fair value of the earn-out liability was estimated as of the measurement date using the Monte Carlo simulation model with the following assumptions:

April 2, 2023

December 31, 2022

Valuation date price
$ 2.74 $ 2.12
Expected term (in years)
5.29 5.54
Expected volatility
68.30 % 70.33 %
Risk-free interest rate
3.51 % 3.88 %
Price hurdle
$ 15.00 $ 15.00

	October 1, 2023			December 31, 2022
Valuation date price	$	4.99		$	2.12
Expected term (in years)		4.79			5.54
Expected volatility		57.68	%		70.33	%
Risk-free interest rate		4.49	%		3.88	%
Price hurdle	$	15.00		$	15.00

As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses for which the carrying value approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt approximates fair value as the rates used approximate the market rates currently available to the Company. Fair value measurements used in the impairment reviews of goodwill and intangible assets are Level 3 measurements.

The reconciliation of changes in Level 3 liabilities during the 1339-week periods ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022 is as follows:

	Private Warrants		Earn-Out Liability			Total			Private Warrants			Earn-Out Liability			Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	21,793	$	26,596		$	48,389		$	21,793		$	26,596		$	48,389
Liabilities reclassed to equity		—		(14,689	)		(14,689	)		—			(14,689	)		(14,689	)
Losses included in earnings		327		2,381			2,708
Balance at April 3, 2022	$	22,120	$	14,288		$	36,408
Gains included in earnings										(7,653	)		(1,853	)		(9,506	)
Balance at October 2, 2022									$	14,140		$	10,054		$	24,194

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,581	$	1,176		$	2,757		$	1,581		$	1,176		$	2,757
Losses included in earnings		518		428			946			1,828			2,089			3,917
Balance at April 2, 2023	$	2,099	$	1,604		$	3,703
Balance at October 1, 2023									$	3,409		$	3,265		$	6,674

Table of Contents

HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

11.

REVENUE

The principal activity from which the Company generates its revenue is the manufacturing and distribution of after-market automotive parts for its customers, comprised of resellers and end users. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time, rather than over time, as the performance obligation is satisfied when customer obtains control of the product upon title transfer and not as the product is manufactured or developed. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the purchase order price and adjusted for revenue allocated to variable consideration (i.e., estimated rebates, co-op advertising, etc.).

The Company collects sales tax and other taxes concurrent with revenue-producing activities which are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs incurred after control of the product is transferred to our customers are treated as fulfillment costs and not a separate performance obligation.

The Company allows customers to return products when certain Company-established criteria are met. These sales returns are recorded as a charge against gross sales in the period in which the related sales are recognized, net of returns to stock. Returned products, which are recorded as inventories, are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The physical condition and marketability of the returned products are the major factors considered in estimating realizable value. The Company also estimates expected sales returns and records the necessary adjustment as a charge against gross sales.

The Company’s payment terms with customers are customary and vary by customer and geography but typically range from 30 to 365 days. The Company elected the practical expedient to disregard the possible existence of a significant financing component related to payment on contracts, as the Company expects that customers will pay for the products within one year. The Company has evaluated the terms of our arrangements and determined that they do not contain significant financing components. Additionally, as all contracts with customers have an expected duration of one year or less, the Company has elected the practical expedient to exclude disclosure of information regarding the aggregate amount and future timing of performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied as of the end of the reporting period. The Company provides limited warranties on most of its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. Provisions for estimated expenses related to product warranty are made at the time products are sold. Refer to Note 18, “Commitments and Contingencies” for more information.

The following table summarizes total revenue by product category.

	For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 2, 2023		April 3, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022
Electronic systems	$	68,751	$	86,146	$	70,062	$	62,174	$	213,214	$	219,380
Mechanical systems		43,318		45,842		37,870		37,317		122,108		127,365
Exhaust		15,829		19,332		14,343		15,183		47,556		52,552
Accessories		27,465		28,746		21,788		24,561		75,635		81,660
Safety		16,842		19,989		12,467		15,540		45,484		53,293
Total sales	$	172,205	$	200,055
Net sales					$	156,530	$	154,775	$	503,997	$	534,250

The following table summarizes total revenue based on geographic location from which the product is shipped:

	For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 2, 2023		April 3, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022
United States	$	166,418	$	196,059	$	154,150	$	150,155	$	491,385	$	519,728
Italy		5,787		3,996		2,380		4,620		12,612		14,522
Total sales	$	172,205	$	200,055
Net sales					$	156,530	$	154,775	$	503,997	$	534,250

Table of Contents

HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

12.

INCOME TAXES

The Company's effective income tax rate is based on expected income, statutory rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. For interim financial reporting, the Company estimates the annual income tax rate based on projected taxable income for the full year and records a quarterly income tax provision or benefit in accordance with the anticipated annual rate. The Company refines the estimates of the year's taxable income as new information becomes available, including actual year-to-date financial results. This continual estimation process often results in a change to the expected effective income tax rate for the year. When this occurs, the Company adjusts the income tax provision during the quarter in which the change in estimate occurs so that the year-to-date provision reflects the expected income tax rate. Significant judgment is required in determining the effective tax rate and in evaluating tax positions.

For the thirteen weeks ended

April 2, 2023

April 3, 2022

Income tax expense
$ 1,566 $ 7,188
Effective tax rates
26.9 % 29.9 %

	For the thirteen weeks ended						For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022			October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	2,092		$	(1,345	)	$	7,756		$	8,866
Effective tax rates		73.6	%		(4.4	)%		30.1	%		9.1	%

For the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, the Company's effective tax rate of ~~26.9%~~73.6% differed from the 21% federal statutory rate primarily due to permanent differences related to changes in fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities recognized during the period and the impact of foreign taxes in higher tax rate jurisdictions. For the 13-week period ended October 2, 2022, the Company’s effective tax rate of -4.4% differed from the 21% federal statutory rate primarily due to permanent differences related to changes in the fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities recognized during the period.

For the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023, the Company's effective tax rate of 30.1% differed from the 21% federal statutory rate primarily due to permanent differences related to changes in fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities recognized during the period. For the 1339-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022, the Company’s effective tax rate of ~~29.9%~~9.1% differed from the 21% federal statutory rate primarily due toa permanent ~~differences~~difference related to changes in the fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities recognized during the period.

13.

EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 2, 2023		April 3, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022
Numerator:
Net income	$	4,247	$	16,858	$	752	$	31,579	$	17,978	$	89,000
Less: fair value adjustment for Warrants						—		—		—		(51,112	)
Net income - diluted					$	752	$	31,579	$	17,978	$	37,888
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		117,153,525		115,876,204		117,397,069		117,119,609		117,256,959		116,636,906
Dilutive effect of potential common shares from RSUs		91,237		172,355		1,848,887		18,525		862,542		124,603
Dilutive effect of potential common shares from Warrants						—		—		—		512,104
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted		117,244,762		116,048,559		119,245,956		117,138,134		118,119,501		117,273,613
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.04	$	0.15	$	0.01	$	0.27	$	0.15	$	0.76
Diluted	$	0.04	$	0.15	$	0.01	$	0.27	$	0.15	$	0.32

Table of Contents

HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

The following outstanding shares of Common Stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock having an exercise price greater than the average share market price ~~for the~~ ~~thirteen~~ ~~weeks ended~~ ~~April 2, 2023~~are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.

	For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 2, 2023		April 3, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from calculation of diluted EPS:
Warrants		14,633,311		14,666,644		14,633,311		14,633,311		14,633,311		—
Stock options		1,117,102		1,934,975		922,228		1,769,614		922,228		1,769,614
Restricted stock units		429,948		—		175,783		220,051		175,783		220,051
Performance stock units		949,412		—		2,177,462		—		2,177,462		—
Earn-out shares		1,093,750		1,093,750
Unvested Earn-Out Shares						1,093,750		1,093,750		1,093,750		1,093,750
Total anti-dilutive shares		18,223,523		17,695,369		19,002,534		17,716,726		19,002,534		3,083,415

14.

BENEFIT PLANS

On January 28, 2022, the Company approved the termination of its defined benefit pension plan (the "Plan"), effective March 31, 2022. The final distribution of the Plan's assets pursuant to the termination was made in the fourth quarter of 2022 when the ~~plan~~Plan termination satisfied all regulatory requirements. Plan participants received their accrued benefits from plan assets by electing either lump sum distributions or annuity contracts with a qualifying third-party annuity provider.

The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit cost for the 13 ~~weeks~~-week and 39-week periods ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022:

	For the thirteen weeks ended			For the thirteen weeks ended			For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 3, 2022			October 2, 2022			October 2, 2022
Components of expense:
Service cost	$	27		$	27		$	81
Interest cost		32			32			96
Expected return on plan assets		(52	)		(52	)		(156	)
Net periodic benefit cost	$	7		$	7		$	21

The ~~Company made~~Company's contributions ~~of $150~~ to the Plan ~~during~~were $150 for the 1339-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022.

The Company made matching contributions totaling ~~$575~~$562 and ~~$688~~$587 to its 401(k) plan during the 13-week periods ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022, respectively. The Company made matching contributions totaling $1,702 and $2,431 to its 401(k) plan during the 39-week periods ended October 1, 2023 and October 2, 2022, respectively.

15.

EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

In 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), under which awards, including stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance stock units ("PSUs") may be granted to employees and non-employee directors. The 2021 Plan authorized 8,850,000 shares of Common Stock to be available for award grants. As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, ~~4,472,332~~4,423,103 shares of Common Stock remained available for future issuance under the 2021 Plan. On June 6, 2023, the Company granted 1,000,000 RSUs and 1,520,000 PSUs to its new President and Chief Executive Officer. These awards were granted outside of the 2021 Plan as employment inducement awards and did not require shareholder approval under the rules of the NYSE or otherwise.

Equity-based compensation expense included the following components:

	For the thirteen weeks ended
	April 2, 2023			April 3, 2022		For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirty-nine weeks ended
						October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022
Restricted stock units	$	648		$	1,183	$	1,331	$	876	$	3,146	$	3,409
Performance stock units		52			—		1,322		—		1,696		—
Stock options		(306	)		553		317		559		328		1,764
Profit interest units		—			1,426		—		1,438		—		4,345

Table of Contents

HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

All equity-based compensation expenses are recorded in selling, general and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Restricted Stock Units

The Compensation Committee has awarded ~~restricted stock units (“RSUs”)~~RSUs to select employees and non-employee directors. The RSUs vest ratably over one to ~~three~~four years of continued employment. The fair value of a RSU at the grant date is equal to the market price of Common Stock on the grant date. Compensation expense for RSUs is recorded based on amortization of the grant date fair market value over the period the restrictions lapse. As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, there was ~~$5,980~~$7,608 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs that is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of ~~1.9~~2.4 years. The weighted average grant date fair value for RSUs was ~~$2.22~~$2.76 and ~~$12.29~~$11.46 for the 1339-week periods ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022, respectively. The fair value of RSUs vested and converted to shares of Common Stock was ~~$146~~$685 for the 1339-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023.

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the 1339-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023:

	Unvested Restricted Stock Units					Unvested Restricted Stock Units
				Weighted					Weighted
	Number of			Average Grant		Number of			Average Grant
	RSUs			Date Fair Value		RSUs			Date Fair Value
December 31, 2022		1,108,330		$	9.43		1,108,330		$	9.43
Granted		1,199,777			2.22		2,459,140			2.76
Vested		(64,690	)		12.29		(196,318	)		11.07
Forfeited		(189,640	)		12.13		(189,640	)		12.13
April 2, 2023		2,053,777		$	3.67
October 1, 2023							3,181,512		$	3.24

Performance Stock Units

The Compensation Committee has awarded ~~performance stock units (“PSUs”)~~PSUs to select employees. The PSUs represent shares of Common Stock that are potentially issuable in the future based on a combination of performance and service requirements. On March 8, 2023, the Company granted 949,412 PSUs under the 2021 Plan to key employees with a grant date fair value of $1.98 and on May 8, 2023, the Company granted an additional 8,050 PSUs with a grant data fair value of $2.43. The PSUs granted to employees were based on salary and include annual net sales and adjusted EBITDA growth targets with threshold and stretch goals. The awards vest ratably over three years, subject to the employee’s continuous employment through the vesting date and the level of performance achieved. On ~~March 8, 2023,~~ ~~the Company granted 949,412 PSUs to key employees with a grant date fair value of $1.98.~~ The number of PSUs granted reflects the target number able to be earned under a given award. Non-vested PSU compensation expense is based on the most recent performance assumption available and is adjusted as assumptions change. The fair value of a PSU at the grant date is equal to the market price of Common Stock on the grant date. ~~As of~~ ~~April 2, 2023~~~~, there was $574 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested PSUs that is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 0.9 years.~~ The cost estimates for PSU grants represent initial target awards until the Company can reasonably forecast the financial performance of each PSU award grant. The actual number of shares of Common Stock to be issued at the end of each performance period will range from 0% to 150% of the initial target awards.

On June 6, 2023, the Company granted 1,520,000 PSUs to its new President and Chief Executive Officer as an employment inducement award, which are potentially issuable in the future based on a combination of achievement of certain stock price metrics and service requirements through the expiration date of December 31, 2030. The fair value of this award is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation as of the date of the grant and share-based compensation expense will not be adjusted should the target awards vary from actual awards. The Company's estimates of fair value may be impacted by certain variables including, but not limited to, stock price volatility, the risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yields, and the Company's performance.

As of October 1, 2023, there was $3,081 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested PSUs that is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 2.5 years. The fair value of PSUs vested and converted to shares of Common Stock was $2,199 for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023.

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

Stock Options

Stock option grants have an exercise price at least equal to the market value of the underlying Common Stock on the date of grant, have ten-year terms, and vest ratably over three years of continued employment. In general, vested options expire if not exercised within 90 days of termination of service. Compensation expense for stock options is recorded based on straight-line amortization of the grant date fair value over the requisite service period. As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, there was ~~$1,929~~$1,295 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of ~~1.6~~1.1 years.

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the 1339-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023:

						Weighted Average							Weighted Average
				Weighted		Remaining					Weighted		Remaining
	Number of			Average		Contractual		Number of			Average		Contractual
	Stock Options			Exercise Price		Term (years)		Stock Options			Exercise Price		Term (years)
Options outstanding on December 31, 2022		1,709,690		$	10.97				1,709,690		$	10.97
Forfeited		(592,588	)		11.11				(592,588	)		11.11
Options outstanding on April 2, 2023		1,117,102			10.90		8.47
Options exercisable on, April 2, 2023		487,591			10.82		8.40
Expired									(194,874	)		10.50
Options outstanding on October 1, 2023									922,228		$	10.98		8.05
Options exercisable on, October 1, 2023									512,370		$	10.79		7.96

Profit Interest Units

The Holley Stockholder authorized an incentive pool of 41,400,000 units of Holley Stockholder that its management had the right to grant to certain employees of the Company. The units, which are designated as Profit Interest Units (“PIUs”), are a special type of limited liability company equity unit that allows the recipient to potentially participate in a future increase in the value of the Company. The PIUs were issued for no consideration and generally provided for vesting over a requisite service period, subject to the recipient remaining an employee of the Company through each vesting date.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Holley Stockholder amended the vesting criteria to allow for immediate vesting of all outstanding and unvested PIUs. The changes to these awards were deemed to be modification events under ASC Subtopic 718-10, Stock Compensation. Accordingly, during the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recognized catch-up equity-based compensation expense, including incremental fair value resulting from the modification, as applicable to each award grant. At that time all PIUs were fully vested with no remaining unrecognized compensation cost, and there are no remaining PIUs authorized for issuance.

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

16.

LEASE COMMITMENTS

On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases, using the modified retrospective optional transition method provided by ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842). The effect of applying this guidance resulted in an increase in noncurrent assets for right-of-use assets of $33,887 and an increase in liabilities for associated lease obligations of $34,579, most of which were classified as noncurrent. The adoption of the standard did not result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings.

Under the transition option elected by the Company, ASC Topic 842 is applied only to the most current period and reporting for comparative periods presented in the financial statements continues to be in accordance with ASC Topic 840, Leases, including disclosures. Upon adoption, the Company elected the following practical expedients related to ASC Topic 842:

	•	not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases;
	•	to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all of the Company's leases; and
	•	to apply accounting similar to ASC Topic 840 to leases that meet the definition of short-term leases.

The Company leases retail stores, manufacturing, distribution, engineering, and research and development facilities, office space, equipment, and automobiles under operating lease agreements. Leases have remaining lease terms of one to 11 years, inclusive of renewal options that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise.

The following table summarizes operating lease assets and obligations, and provides information associated with the measurement of operating lease obligations.

	As of						As of
	April 2, 2023			December 31, 2022			October 1, 2023			December 31, 2022
Assets:
Operating right of use assets	$	28,099		$	29,522		$	30,415		$	29,522
Liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities - Accrued liabilities	$	4,946		$	5,112		$	5,231		$	5,112
Long-term operating lease liabilities - Other noncurrent liabilities		23,770			24,992
Long-term operating lease liabilities								26,006			24,992
Total lease liabilities	$	28,716		$	30,104		$	31,237		$	30,104
Lease term and discount rate
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		7.8			7.9			7.6			7.9
Weighted average discount rate		5.73	%		5.77	%		5.91	%		5.77	%

The following summarizes the components of operating lease expense and provides supplemental cash flow information for operating leases:

	For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 2, 2023		April 3, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022
Components of lease expense:
Operating lease expense	$	1,586	$	2,419	$	1,630	$	1,753	$	4,923	$	5,654
Short-term lease expense		512		608		521		599		1,499		1,849
Variable lease expense		152		87		88		195		257		609
Total lease expense	$	2,250	$	3,114	$	2,239	$	2,547	$	6,679	$	8,112
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases:
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	1,751	$	1,760	$	1,732	$	1,843	$	5,203	$	5,424
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		—		278		2,370		—		4,724		13,769
Decapitalization of right-of-use assets upon lease termination or modification						353		—		507		12,178

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HOLLEY INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities as of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023:

2023 (excluding the thirteen weeks ended April 2, 2023)	$	4,931
2023 (excluding the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2023)				$	1,802
2024		5,440			6,570
2025		3,860			5,122
2026		3,664			4,632
2027		3,612			4,629
Thereafter		14,713			16,338
Total lease payments		36,220			39,093
Less imputed interest		(7,504	)		(7,856	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	28,716		$	31,237

17.

ACQUISITION ~~RESTRUCTURING~~ AND ~~MANAGEMENT FEE~~RESTRUCTURING COSTS

The following table summarizes the Company's total acquisition ~~restructuring~~ and ~~management fee~~restructuring costs:

	For the thirteen weeks ended					For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 2, 2023		April 3, 2022			October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022		October 1, 2023		October 2, 2022
Acquisitions ⁽¹⁾	$	-	$	249		$	—	$	4	$	—	$	1,625
Restructuring ⁽²⁾		1,339		41			415		1,262		2,106		1,622
Total acquisition, restructuring and management fees	$	1,339	$	290
Total acquisition and restructuring costs						$	415	$	1,266	$	2,106	$	3,247
(1) Includes professional fees for legal, accounting, consulting, administrative, and other professional services directly attributable to acquisitions.					(1) Includes professional fees for legal, accounting, consulting, administrative, and other professional services directly attributable to acquisitions.
(2) Includes costs incurred as part of the restructuring of operations including professional and consulting services and executive severance.					(2) Includes costs incurred as part of the restructuring of operations including professional and consulting services and executive severance.

18.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

The Company is a party to various lawsuits and claims in the normal course of ~~business.~~business, as well as the putative securities class action described below. While the lawsuits and claims against the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the ultimate resolution of ~~the~~such matters will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Company; however, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in such lawsuits and claims, some of which may be beyond the Company’s control, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to the Company’s results of operations or cash flows for any particular reporting period.

A putative securities class action was filed on November 6, 2023, against the Company, Tom Tomlinson (the Company’s former Director, President, and Chief Executive Officer), and Dominic Bardos (the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer) in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky (the “Complaint”). The complaint, which is captioned City of Fort Lauderdale General Employees’ Retirement System v. Holley, Inc., f/k/a Empower LTD., Tom Tomlinson, and Dominic Bardos, Civil Action No.1:23-cv-148-GNS, alleges that the ~~Company.~~Company violated various securities laws and seeks class certification, damages, interest, attorneys’ fees, and other relief. Due to the early stage of this proceeding, we cannot reasonably estimate the potential range of loss, if any. The Company disputes the allegations and intends to vigorously defend against them.

Product Warranties

The Company generally warrants its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. These product warranties are provided for specific periods of time depending on the nature of the product. The accrued product warranty costs are based primarily on historical experience of actual warranty claims and are recorded at the time of the sale.

The following table provides the changes in the Company's accrual for product warranties, which is classified as a component of accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

	For the thirteen weeks ended						For the thirteen weeks ended						For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 2, 2023			April 3, 2022			October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022			October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022
Beginning balance	$	3,584		$	3,994		$	3,876		$	2,325		$	3,584		$	3,994
Accrued for current year warranty claims		2,954			2,588			3,005			6,535			9,472			9,569
Settlement of warranty claims		(3,357	)		(2,766	)		(2,857	)		(5,216	)		(9,032	)		(9,919	)
Ending balance	$	3,181		$	3,816		$	4,024		$	3,644		$	4,024		$	3,644

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “Holley,” “we,” “us,” “our” and “the Company” in this section are to the business and operations of Holley Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise indicates. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Holley’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause Holley’s actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed herein and under the caption, “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We are a leading designer, marketer, and manufacturer of high performance automotive aftermarket products serving car and truck enthusiasts, with sales, processing, and distribution facilities reaching most major markets in the United States, Canada, Europe and China. We design, market, manufacture and distribute a diversified line of performance automotive products including fuel injection systems, tuners, exhaust products, carburetors, safety equipment and various other performance automotive products. Our products are designed to enhance street, off-road, recreational and competitive vehicle performance and safety.

Innovation is at the core of our business and growth strategy. We have a history of developing innovative products, including new products in existing product families, product line expansions, and accessories, as well as products that bring us into new categories. We have thoughtfully expanded our product portfolio over time to adapt to consumer needs.

In addition, we have historically used strategic acquisitions to (i) expand our brand portfolio, (ii) enter new product categories and consumer segments, (iii) increase direct-to-consumer ~~(“DTC”)~~ scale and connection, (iv) expand share in current product categories and (v) realize value-enhancing revenue and cost synergies. While we believe our business is positioned for continued organic growth, we intend to continue evaluating opportunities for strategic acquisitions that would complement our current business and expand our addressable target market.

Factors Affecting our Performance

We believe that our performance and future success depend on a number of factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed ~~below,~~above, under the caption, "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, under the caption, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023, and in our subsequent filings with the SEC.

Business Environment

Our business and results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity are impacted by broad economic conditions including inflation, labor shortages, and disruption of the supply chain, as well as by geopolitical events, ~~specifically~~including the conflict in Ukraine and the ~~lingering effects of COVID-19.~~conflict in Israel and surrounding areas. Our operations have been adversely impacted, and may continue to be adversely impacted, by inflationary pressures primarily related to transportation, labor and component costs. Sales growth in certain products has been constrained by continuing supply chain challenges and automotive electronic component shortages. In response to the global supply chain volatility and inflationary impacts, we have attempted to minimize potential adverse impacts on our business with cost savings initiatives, price increases to customers, and by increasing inventory levels of certain products and working closely with our suppliers and customers to minimize disruptions in delivering products to customers. Our profitability has been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by constrained consumer demand, a shift in sales mix to lower-margin products, and demands on our performance that increased our costs. Should the ongoing macroeconomic conditions not improve, or worsen, or if our attempts to mitigate the impact on our supply chain, operations and costs is not successful, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

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Key Components of Results of Operations

Net Sales

The principal activity from which we generate sales is the designing, marketing, manufacturing and distribution of performance after-market automotive parts for ~~its~~our end consumers. Sales are displayed net of rebates and sales returns allowances. Sales returns are recorded as a charge against gross sales in the period in which the related sales are recognized.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of the cost of purchased parts and manufactured products, including materials and direct labor costs. In addition, warranty, incoming shipping and handling and inspection and repair costs are also included within costs of goods sold. Reductions in the cost of inventory to its net realizable value are also a component of cost of goods sold.

Selling, General, and Administrative

Selling, general, and administrative costs consist of payroll and related personnel expenses, IT and office services, office rent expense and professional services. In addition, self-insurance, advertising, research and development, outgoing shipping costs, pre-production and start-up costs are also included within selling, general, and administrative. The Company expects to incur additional expenses as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses necessary to comply with the rules and regulations applicable to companies listed on a national securities exchange and related to compliance and reporting obligations pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, as well as higher expenses for general and director and officer insurance, investor relations and other professional services.

Acquisition and Restructuring Costs

Acquisition and restructuring costs consist of professional fees for legal, accounting, consulting, administrative, and other professional services directly attributable to potential acquisitions. In addition, operational restructuring costs and executive severance are included within this classification.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of interest due on the indebtedness under our credit facilities. Interest is based on ~~LIBOR~~SOFR or the ~~prime~~base rate, at the Company's election, plus the applicable margin rate. As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, ~~$652.3~~$619.2 million was outstanding under our Credit Agreement.

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Results of Operations

13-Week Period Ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 Compared With 13-Week Period Ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022

The table below presents Holley’s results of operations for the 13-week periods ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

	For the thirteen weeks ended											For the thirteen weeks ended
	April 2, 2023			April 3, 2022		Change ($)			Change (%)			October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022			Change ($)			Change (%)
Net sales	$	172,205		$	200,055	$	(27,850	)		(13.9	%)	$	156,530		$	154,775		$	1,755			1.1	%
Cost of goods sold		104,492			117,334		(12,842	)		(10.9	%)		98,156			106,383			(8,227	)		(7.7	)%
Gross profit		67,713			82,721		(15,008	)		(18.1	%)		58,374			48,392			9,982			20.6	%
Selling, general, and administrative		30,017			34,342		(4,325	)		(12.6	%)		28,880			31,921			(3,041	)		(9.5	)%
Research and development costs		6,653			8,161		(1,508	)		(18.5	%)		6,100			6,039			61			1.0	%
Amortization of intangible assets		3,679			3,661		18			0.5	%		3,687			3,662			25			0.7	%
Impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets													—			2,395			(2,395	)		(100.0	)%
Acquisition and restructuring costs		1,339			290		1,049			361.7	%		415			1,266			(851	)		(67.2	)%
Other expense		51			222		(171	)		(77.0	%)		(28	)		47			(75	)		(159.6	)%
Operating income		25,974			36,045		(10,071	)		(27.9	%)		19,320			3,062			16,258			531.0	%
Change in fair value of warrant liability		1,435			2,227		(792	)		(35.6	%)		2,064			(30,171	)		32,235			(106.8	)%
Change in fair value of earn-out liability		428			2,381		(1,953	)		(82.0	%)		700			(7,429	)		8,129			(109.4	)%
Interest expense		18,298			7,391		10,907			147.6	%		13,712			10,428			3,284			31.5	%
Income before income taxes		5,813			24,046		(18,233	)		(75.8	%)		2,844			30,234			(27,390	)		(90.6	)%
Income tax expense		1,566			7,188		(5,622	)		(78.2	%)
Income tax expense (benefit)													2,092			(1,345	)		3,437			(255.5	)%
Net income		4,247			16,858		(12,611	)		(74.8	%)		752			31,579			(30,827	)		(97.6	)%
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(199	)		241		(440	)		nm			(176	)		516			(692	)		(134.1	)%
Total comprehensive income	$	4,048		$	17,099	$	(13,051	)		(76.3	%)	$	576		$	32,095		$	(31,519	)		(98.2	)%

Net Sales

Net sales for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 ~~decreased $27.9~~increased $1.8 million, or ~~13.9%~~1.1%, to ~~$172.2~~$156.5 million, as compared to ~~$200.1~~$154.8 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022. ~~Non-comparable sales associated with acquisitions contributed $1.8~~Improved price realization of approximately $2.4 million ~~or 0.9% of year-over-year growth. The remaining comparable sales decreased~~led the increase, offset partially by ~~$29.6 million, or 14.8%, compared to the prior year quarter, offsetting the impact from the acquisitions.~~ The decline in comparable sales was driven by supply chain constraints in electronic components and a return to the sales trends experienced prior to the increased demand brought on by the COVID pandemic. As a result, lower unit volume ~~drove~~which resulted in a decrease of approximately ~~$36.7~~$0.6 million ~~that was partially offset by improved price realization of approximately $7.0 million~~ compared to the prior year period. ~~Comparable~~Major categories driving the comparable year-over-year results ~~by category~~ include ~~a decrease~~an increase in electronic systems sales of ~~$17.4~~$7.9 million ~~(20.2%~~(12.7% category ~~decline)~~growth), a decrease in safety products sales of ~~$4.9~~$3.1 million ~~(24.5% category decline), a decrease in exhaust system sales of $3.5 million (18.1% category decline), a decrease in mechanical systems sales of $2.5 million (5.5%~~(19.8% category decline), and a decrease in accessories sales of ~~$1.3~~$2.8 million ~~(4.5%~~(11.3% category decline).

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 decreased ~~$12.8~~$8.2 million, or ~~10.9%~~7.7%, to ~~$104.5~~$98.2 million, as compared to ~~$117.3~~$106.4 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022. The decrease in cost of goods sold during the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 ~~reflects the decrease~~ in which product sales ~~during such period combined with compression in~~increased 1.1% reflects a higher gross profit margin due ~~primarily~~ to ~~inflationary pressures on transportation, labor~~decreased freight costs, lower warranty costs and ~~component costs.~~product mix.

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Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 ~~decreased $15.0~~increased $10.0 million, or ~~18.1%~~20.6%, to ~~$67.7~~$58.4 million, as compared to ~~$82.7~~$48.4 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022. Gross margin for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 of ~~39.3% decreased~~37.3% increased as compared to a gross margin of ~~41.3%~~31.3% for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022. The ~~decrease~~increase in gross profit and gross profit margin was driven primarily by ~~inflationary factors. In general, gross margin~~higher sales volume and ~~margins on individual products remain under pressure due to various factors, including potential increases~~meaningful improvements in ~~manufacturing~~freight, lower warranty costs, and ~~the shift of our sales mix towards products with lower gross margins. Gross margins could also be affected by our ability to manage~~ product ~~quality and warranty costs effectively and to stimulate demand for certain of our products.~~ mix.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative costs for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 decreased ~~$4.3~~$3.0 million, or ~~12.6%~~9.5%, to ~~$30.0~~$28.9 million, as compared to ~~$34.3~~$31.9 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022. When expressed as a percentage of sales, selling, general and administrative costs ~~were stable at 17.4%~~decreased to 18.5% of sales for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 ~~and 17.2%~~compared to 20.6% of sales infor the 13-week period ended October 2, 2022. The decrease in selling, general and administrative costs was driven by a lower~~$2.8 million decrease in equity compensation costs~~ outbound shipping and ~~a $2.3 million decrease in personnel~~handling costs, reflecting the implementation of cost-saving initiatives. ~~Partially offsetting these decreases was an increase of $2.0 million in outbound shipping and handling costs related to inflationary pressures from domestic shipping companies.~~

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 ~~decreased $1.5 million, or 18.5%, to $6.7~~were stable at $6.1 million as compared to ~~$8.2~~$6.0 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022. ~~The decrease in research and development costs was primarily due to headcount reductions, reflecting the implementation of cost-saving initiatives.~~

Amortization and Impairment of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets ~~for the 13-week period ended April 2, 2023~~ was stable at $3.7 million ~~as compared to $3.7 million~~ for both the 13-week ~~period~~periods ended ~~April 3,~~October 1, 2023 and October 2, 2022.

Acquisition and Restructuring Costs

Acquisition and restructuring costs for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 ~~increased $1.1~~decreased $0.9 million to ~~$1.3~~ $0.4 million, as compared to ~~$0.3~~$1.3 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3, 2022. This increase primarily reflects~~ October 2, 2022, reflecting a reduction in r~~restructuring~~estructuring activities associated with ~~recent acquisitions and executive severance costs.~~acquisitions.

Operating Income

As a result of factors described above, operating income for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 ~~decreased $10.1~~increased $16.3 million, or ~~27.9%~~531.0%, to ~~$26.0~~$19.3 million, as compared to ~~$36.1~~$3.1 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability

For the 13-week ~~periods~~period ended ~~April~~October 1, 2023, we recognized a loss of $2.1 million from the change in fair value of the warrant liability. For the 13-week period ended October 2, ~~2023 and April 3,~~ 2022, we recognized ~~losses~~a gain of ~~$1.4~~$30.2 million ~~and $2.2 million, respectively,~~ from the change in fair value of the warrant liability. The warrant liability reflects the fair value of the ~~warrants~~Warrants issued in connection with the Business Combination.

Change in Fair Value of Earn-Out Liability

For the 13-week ~~periods~~period ended ~~April~~October 1, 2023, we recognized a loss of $0.7 million from the change in fair value of the earn-out liability. For the 13-week period ended October 2, ~~2023 and April 3,~~ 2022, we recognized ~~losses~~a gain of ~~$0.4~~$7.4 million, ~~and $2.4 million, respectively,~~ from the change in fair value of the earn-out liability. The earn-out liability reflects the fair value of the ~~earn-out shares~~unvested Earn-Out Shares resulting from the Business Combination.

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Interest Expense

Interest expense for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 increased ~~$10.9~~$3.3 million, or ~~147.6%~~31.5%, to ~~$18.3~~$13.7 million, as compared to ~~$7.4~~$10.4 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022, reflecting a higher effective interest rate ~~and~~on outstanding debt, net of a ~~$3.0~~$1.1 million fair value adjustment ofon the interest rate collar.

Income before Income Taxes

As a result of factors described above, we recognized ~~$5.8~~$2.8 million of income before income taxes for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, as compared to income before income taxes of ~~$24.1~~$30.2 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 was ~~$1.6~~$2.1 million, as compared to an income tax ~~expense~~benefit of ~~$7.2~~$1.3 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022. ~~The~~Our effective tax rate for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 was ~~26.9%~~73.6%. The difference between the effective tax rate for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and the federal statutory rate in 2023 was ~~primarily~~ due to permanent differences resulting from the change in fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities. and foreign taxes in higher tax rate jurisdictions. The effective tax rate for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022 was ~~29.9%~~-4.4%. The difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate in 2022 was primarily due to permanent differences resulting from the change in fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities.

Net Income and Total Comprehensive Income

As a result of factors described above, we recognized net income of ~~$4.3~~$0.8 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, as compared to net income of ~~$16.9~~$31.6 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022. Additionally, we recognized total comprehensive income of ~~$4.1~~$0.6 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, as compared to total comprehensive income of ~~$17.1~~$32.1 million for the 13-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022. Comprehensive income includes the effect of foreign currency translation adjustments.

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39-Week Period Ended October 1, 2023Compared With 39-Week Period Ended October 2, 2022

The table below presents Holley’s results of operations for the 39-week periods ended October 1, 2023 and October 2, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

	For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022			Change ($)			Change (%)
Net sales	$	503,997		$	534,250		$	(30,253	)		(5.7	)%
Cost of goods sold		308,162			327,849			(19,687	)		(6.0	)%
Gross profit		195,835			206,401			(10,566	)		(5.1	)%
Selling, general, and administrative		87,998			102,532			(14,534	)		(14.2	)%
Research and development costs		18,935			22,396			(3,461	)		(15.5	)%
Amortization of intangible assets		11,040			10,985			55			0.5	%
Impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets		—			2,395			(2,395	)		(100.0	)%
Acquisition and restructuring costs		2,106			3,247			(1,141	)		(35.1	)%
Other expense		508			594			(86	)		(14.5	)%
Operating income		75,248			64,252			10,996			17.1	%
Change in fair value of warrant liability		5,516			(51,112	)		56,628			(110.8	)%
Change in fair value of earn-out liability		2,089			(9,282	)		11,371			(122.5	)%
Interest expense		41,909			26,780			15,129			56.5	%
Income before income taxes		25,734			97,866			(72,132	)		(73.7	)%
Income tax expense		7,756			8,866			(1,110	)		(12.5	)%
Net income		17,978			89,000			(71,022	)		(79.8	)%
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(103	)		1,258			(1,361	)		(108.2	)%
Total comprehensive income	$	17,875		$	90,258		$	(72,383	)		(80.2	)%

Net Sales

Net sales for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 decreased $30.3 million, or 5.7%, to $504.0 million, as compared to $534.3 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022. The decline in sales was driven by supply chain constraints in electronic components and a return to the sales trends experienced prior to the increased demand experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, lower unit volume drove a decrease of approximately $43.2 million that was partially offset by improved price realization of approximately $12.9 million compared to the prior year period. Comparable year-over-year results by category include a decrease in safety products sales of $7.8 million (14.7% category decline), a decrease in electronic systems sales of $6.2 million (2.8% category decline), a decrease in accessories sales of $6.0 million (7.4% category decline), a decrease in mechanical systems sales of $5.3 million (4.1% category decline), and a decrease in exhaust system sales of $5.0 million (9.5% category decline).

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 decreased $19.7 million, or 6.0%, to $308.2 million, as compared to $327.8 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022. The decrease in cost of goods sold during the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 reflects the decrease in product sales during such periodcombined with lower freight costs.

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Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 decreased $10.6 million, or 5.1%, to $195.8 million, as compared to $206.4 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022. Gross margin for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 was 38.9% as compared to a gross margin of 38.6% for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022. The decrease in gross profit was driven primarily by lower sales.In general, gross margin and margins on individual products remain under pressure due to various factors, including potential increases in manufacturing costs and shifts in sales mix towards products with lower gross margins.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative costs for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 decreased $14.5 million, or 14.2%, to $88.0 million, as compared to $102.5 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022. When expressed as a percentage of sales, selling, general and administrative costs decreased to 17.5% of sales for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 compared to 19.2% of sales in 2022. The decrease in selling, general and administrative costs was driven by lower equity compensation costs and the implementation of cost-saving initiatives, which resulted in decreases in personnel, outbound shipping and handling, and marketing costs.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 decreased $3.5 million, or 15.5%, to $18.9 million, as compared to $22.4 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022. The decrease in research and development costs was primarily due to headcount reductions, reflecting the implementation of cost-saving initiatives.

Amortization and Impairment of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets was stable at $11.0 million for both the 39-week periods ended October 1, 2023 and October 2, 2022.

Acquisition and Restructuring Costs

Acquisition and restructuring costs for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 decreased $1.1 million to $2.1 million, as compared to $3.3 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022, reflecting a reduction in restructuring activities associated with acquisitions.

Operating Income

As a result of factors described above, operating income for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 increased $11.0 million, or 17.1%, to $75.3 million, as compared to $64.3 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability

For the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 we recognized a loss of $5.5 million from the change in fair value of the warrant liability. For the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022 we recognized a gain of $51.1 million from the change in fair value of the warrant liability. The warrant liability reflects the fair value of the Warrants issued in connection with the Business Combination.

Change in Fair Value of Earn-Out Liability

For the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 we recognized a loss of $2.1 million from the change in fair value of the earn-out liability. For the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022 we recognized a gain of $9.3 million from the change in fair value of earn-out liability. The earn-out liability reflects the fair value of the unvested Earn-Out Shares resulting from the Business Combination.

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Interest Expense

Interest expense for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 increased $15.1 million, or 56.5%, to $41.9 million, as compared to $26.8 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022, reflecting a higher effective interest rate on outstanding debt, net of a $3.2 million fair value adjustment on the interest rate collar.

Income before Income Taxes

As a result of factors described above, we recognized $25.7 million of income before income taxes for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023, as compared to income before income taxes of $97.9 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 was $7.8 million, as compared to income tax expense of $8.9 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022. The effective tax rate for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 was 30.1%. The difference between the effective tax rate for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 and the federal statutory rate in 2023 was primarily due to permanent differences resulting from the change in fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities. Our effective tax rate for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022 was 9.1%. The difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate in 2022 was primarily due to permanent differences resulting from the change in fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities.

Net Income and Total Comprehensive Income

As a result of factors described above, we recognized net income of $18.0 million for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023, as compared to net income of $89.0 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022. Additionally, we recognized total comprehensive income of $17.9 million for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023, as compared to total comprehensive income of $90.3 million for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022. Comprehensive income includes the effect of foreign currency translation adjustments.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We ~~believe~~present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as supplemental measures of our operating performance and believe that such non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to investors, because they exclude the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of our ongoing operating performance and we believe are useful ~~to investors~~ in ~~evaluating~~comparing the Company’s results of operations between periods. We believe that the presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA enhances the usefulness of our financial ~~performance. In addition, we use these~~information by presenting measures that management uses internally to establish forecasts, budgets and operational goals to manage and monitor ~~its~~our business. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures help to depict a more realistic representation of the performance of ~~the~~our underlying business, enabling us to evaluate and plan more effectively for the future. ~~We believe that investors should have access to the same set of tools that its management uses in analyzing operating results.~~

We define EBITDA as earnings before ~~(a)~~ depreciation, ~~(b)~~ amortization of intangible assets, ~~(c)~~ interest expense, and ~~(d)~~ income tax expense. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA ~~plus (i)~~adjusted to exclude, to the extent applicable, acquisition and restructuring costs, ~~(ii)~~which includes transaction fees and expenses, termination related benefits, facilities relocation, and executive transition costs; changes in the fair value of the warrant ~~liability, (iii)~~liability; changes in the fair value of the earn-out ~~liability, (iv)~~liability; equity-based compensation ~~expense~~expense; impairment of intangible assets; non-cash charges due to our previously disclosed product rationalization initiative aimed at eliminating unprofitable or slow-moving stock keeping units, for which a partial reversal of the initial reserve was recognized during the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023; notable items that we do not believe are reflective of operating performance, which for the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023, includes certain costs incurred for advisory services related to ~~equity awards, (v) notable items, which~~identifying performance initiatives, and for the 39-week period ended October 2, 2022, includes ~~$431 of~~a non-cash ~~adjustments~~adjustment related to the adoption of ASC Topic 842, ~~"Leases,"~~,“Leases,” and ~~(vi)~~legal fees and costs related to a settlement; and other expenses or gains, which includes gains or losses from disposal of fixed assets, franchise taxes, and gains or losses from foreign currency transactions. We have included within the definition of Adjusted EBITDA impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets, changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities, and changes in the fair value of the earn-out liability, as management believes such matters, when they occur, do not directly reflect the performance of the underlying business.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not prepared in accordance with ~~accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”)~~GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. These measures should not be considered as measures of financial performance under GAAP, and the items excluded from or included in these metrics are significant components in understanding and assessing Holley’s financial performance. These metrics should not be considered as alternatives to net income (loss) or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP.

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The following unaudited table presents the reconciliation of net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the 13-week and 39-week periods ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 and ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

	For the thirteen weeks ended				For the thirteen weeks ended						For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 2, 2023		April 3, 2022		October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022			October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022
Net income	$	4,247	$	16,858	$	752		$	31,579		$	17,978		$	89,000
Adjustments:
Depreciation		2,485		2,140		2,785			2,837			7,738			7,500
Amortization of intangible assets		3,679		3,661		3,687			3,662			11,040			10,985
Interest expense		18,298		7,391
Income tax expense		1,566		7,188
Interest expense, net						13,712			10,428			41,909			26,780
Income tax expense (benefit)						2,092			(1,345	)		7,756			8,866
EBITDA		30,275		37,238		23,028			47,161			86,421			143,131
Acquisition and restructuring costs		1,339		290		415			1,266			2,106			3,247
Impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets						—			2,395			—			2,395
Change in fair value of warrant liability		1,435		2,227		2,064			(30,171	)		5,516			(51,112	)
Change in fair value of earn-out liability		428		2,381		700			(7,429	)		2,089			(9,282	)
Equity-based compensation expense		394		3,162		2,970			2,873			5,170			9,518
Product rationalization						—			—			(800	)		—
Notable items		24		506		556			213			564			1,097
Other expense		51		222
Other expense (gain)						(28	)		47			508			594
Adjusted EBITDA	$	33,946	$	46,026	$	29,705		$	16,355		$	101,574		$	99,588

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary cash needs are to support working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and debt repayments. We have generally financed our historical needs with operating cash flows, capital contributions and borrowings under our credit facilities. These sources of liquidity may be impacted by various factors, including demand for our products, investments made in acquired businesses, plant and equipment and other capital expenditures, and expenditures on general infrastructure and information technology.

As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, the Company had cash of ~~$20.8~~$36.8 million and availability of ~~$118.3~~$123.3 million under its revolving credit facility. The Company has a senior secured revolving credit facility with $125 million in borrowing capacity. As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, the Company had $1.7 million ofin letters of credit outstanding under the revolving credit facility. In February 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to its Credit Agreement which, among other things, contains a minimum liquidity financial covenant of $45 million, which includes unrestricted cash and any available borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility. The amendment also increases the consolidated net leverage ratio financial covenant level applicable under the Credit Agreement as of the fiscal quarter ending April 2, 2023 through the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2024, to initially 7.25:1.00, and provides for modified step-down levels for such covenant thereafter.

The Company is obligated under various operating leases for facilities, equipment and automobiles with estimated lease ~~payments~~payments of approximately ~~$5.1~~$1.9 million, ~~including~~including short term leases, due during the remainder of fiscal year 2023. See Note 16, "Lease Commitments" in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information related to the Company’s lease obligations.

Holley's capital expenditures are primarily related to ongoing maintenance and improvements, including investments related to upgrading and maintaining our information technology systems, tooling for new products, vehicles for product development, and machinery and equipment for operations. We expect capital expenditures in the ~~range~~range of ~~$10~~$6 million to ~~$15~~$8 million in fiscal year 2023.

See Note 7, "Debt" in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included ~~elsewhere~~ in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further detail of our credit facility and the timing of principal maturities. As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, based on the then current weighted average interest rate of ~~8.7%~~9.4%, expected interest payments associated with outstanding debt totaled approximately ~~$42.2~~$14.6 million for the remainder of fiscal year 2023.

As discussed under “Business Environment” above, although the future impact of supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures are highly uncertain, we believe that cash generated through our current operating performance, and our operating ~~plan,~~plans, cash position, and borrowings available under our revolving credit facility, will be sufficient to satisfy our liquidity needs and capital expenditure requirements for ~~at least~~ the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future.

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Cash Flows

The following table provides a summary of cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

~~13-week~~39-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 Compared With ~~13-week~~39-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022

	For the thirteen weeks ended						For the thirty-nine weeks ended
	April 2, 2023			April 3, 2022			October 1, 2023			October 2, 2022
Cash flows provided by operating activities	$	3,639		$	18,349		$	56,863		$	12,164
Cash flows used in investing activities		(683	)		(7,204	)		(3,125	)		(25,349	)
Cash flows used in financing activities		(8,435	)		(3,288	)		(42,998	)		(5,457	)
Effect of foreign currency rate fluctuations on cash		145			(101	)		(57	)		(1,077	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(5,334	)	$	7,756		$	10,683		$	(19,719	)

Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities for the ~~13-week~~39-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 was ~~$3.6~~$56.9 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of ~~$18.4~~$12.2 million for the ~~13-week~~39-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022. Net income decreased ~~$12.6~~$71.0 million to ~~$4.3~~$18.0 million for the ~~13-week~~39-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 from ~~$16.9~~$89.0 million for the ~~13-week~~39-week period ended ~~April 3, 2022.~~October 2, 2022, largely due to a $68.0 million year-over-year impact of non-cash valuation adjustments for warrants and earn out liabilities. Significant changes in the year-over-year change in working capital activity included positive fluctuations from inventories of $67.4 million and accounts receivable of $7.5 million. Partially offsetting these increases were negative fluctuations ~~from prepaids and other current assets, accounts payable,~~in accrued interest of $7.1 million and accrued liabilities of ~~$4.1 million, $3.9 million, and $4.0 million, respectively. Offsetting these decreases was a positive fluctuation from inventories, net of reserves, of $10.0~~$4.5 million. The change in inventory ~~largely~~ reflects the impact of inventory management initiatives and fluctuations in sales while changes in ~~prepaids~~accounts receivable and ~~other current assets and accounts payable~~accrued liabilities are impacted by the timing of payments.

Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities for the ~~13-week~~39-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 was ~~$0.7~~$3.1 million ~~due to~~which primarily reflects capital expenditures. Cash used in investing activities for the ~~13-week~~39-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022 was ~~$7.2~~$25.4 million which included ~~$5.6~~$11.7 million due to capital expenditures and ~~$1.6~~$14.1 million due to acquisitions.

Financing Activities. Cash used in financing activities for the ~~13-week~~39-week period ended ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 was ~~$8.4~~$43.0 million, which primarily ~~reflected~~reflects $40.4 million in principal payments on long-term debt. The principal payments of long-term debt during the 39-week period ended October 1, 2023 includes the Company’s pay down of an aggregate of $24.8 million in principal on its outstanding first lien term loan by repurchasing $13.8 million at a discount to par and ~~deferred financing fees.~~making a voluntary prepayment of $11.0 million during the 13-week period ended October 1, 2023. Cash used in financing activities for the ~~13-week~~39-week period ended ~~April 3,~~October 2, 2022 was ~~$3.3~~$5.5 million primarily due to $31.8 million in principal payments on long-term ~~debt.~~debt, which was partially offset by $27.0 million in borrowings under the delayed draw term loan to finance acquisitions.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates, judgements and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates. For a discussion of our critical accounting estimates, refer to the section entitled “Critical Accounting Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023. For further information see also Note 1, “Description of the Business, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included ~~elsewhere~~ in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. There have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting estimates included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of Holley’s new or recently adopted accounting pronouncements, see Note 1, “Description of the Business, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included ~~elsewhere~~ in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk. Holley is exposed to market risk in the normal course of business due to the Company’s ongoing investing and financing activities. The risk of loss can be assessed from the perspective of adverse changes in fair values, cash flows and future earnings. Holley has established policies and procedures governing the Company’s management of market risks and the use of financial instruments to manage exposure to such risks. When appropriate, the Company uses derivative financial instruments to mitigate the risk from its interest rate exposure. The Company's interest rate collar is intended to mitigate some of the effects of increases in interest rates. As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, a total of ~~$652.3~~$619.2 million of term loan and revolver borrowings were subject to variable interest rates, with a weighted average borrowing rate of ~~8.7%~~9.4%. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would result in an approximately ~~$2.0~~$1.2 million increase in annual interest expense, while a hypothetical 100 basis point decrease in interest rates would result in an approximately ~~$6.5~~$2.9 million decrease to Holley’s annual interest expense.

Credit and other Risks. Holley is exposed to credit risk associated with cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables. As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, the majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash balances in non-interest bearing checking accounts which exceed the insurance coverage provided on such deposits. The Company does not believe that its cash equivalents present significant credit risks because the counterparties to the instruments consist of major financial institutions. Substantially all trade receivable balances of the business are unsecured. The credit risk with respect to trade receivables is concentrated by the number of significant customers that the Company has in its customer base and a prolonged economic downturn could increase exposure to credit risk on the Company’s trade receivables. To manage exposure to such risks, Holley performs ongoing credit evaluations of the Company’s customers and maintains an allowance for potential credit losses.

Exchange Rate Sensitivity. As of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023, the Company is exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. While historically this exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates has not had a material effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations, foreign currency fluctuations could have ana material adverse effect on business and results of operations in the future. Historically, Holley’s primary exposure has been related to transactions denominated in the Euro and Canadian dollars. The majority of the Company’s sales, both domestically and internationally, are denominated in U.S. Dollars. Historically, the majority of the Company’s expenses have also been in U.S. Dollars and we have been somewhat insulated from currency fluctuations. However, Holley may be exposed to greater exchange rate sensitivity in the future. Currently, the Company does not hedge foreign currency exposure; however, the Company may consider strategies to mitigate foreign currency exposure in the future if deemed necessary.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Based on an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act were effective as of ~~April 2,~~October 1, 2023 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

~~We are currently not a party~~See Litigation in Note 18 “Commitments and Contingencies” to any legal proceedings that would be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition. From time to time, we are subject to litigation incidental to our business, as well as other litigation of a non-material naturethe Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference in ~~the ordinary course of business.~~this Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We operate in a changing environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could materially affect our operations. Factors that could materially affect our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements include, but are not limited to, those under the caption “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023. Such risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause our actual results, performance, and achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. If any of these risks or events occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected.

There have been no material changes in the Company's risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023, except for the addition of the following risk factor:

Recent events affecting the financial services industry could have an adverse impact on the Company's business operations, financial condition, and results of operations.

The closures of ~~Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and First Republic~~certain regional banks have created bank-specific and broader financial institution liquidity risk and concerns. Future adverse developments with respect to specific financial institutions or the broader financial services industry may lead to market-wide liquidity shortages, impair the ability of companies to access working capital needs, and create additional market and economic uncertainty.

Although we do not have any funds in any of the banks that have been placed into receivership to date, we cannot guarantee that the banks or other financial institutions that hold our funds will not experience similar issues. These events have resulted in market disruption and volatility and could lead to greater instability in the credit and financial markets and a deterioration in confidence in economic conditions. Our operations may be adversely affected by any such economic downturn, liquidity shortages, volatile business environments, or unpredictable market conditions. These events could also make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult and/or costly.

The future effect of these events on the financial services industry and broader economy are unknown and difficult to predict but could include failures of other financial institutions to which we or our customers, vendors, or other counterparties face direct or more significant exposure. Any such developments could adversely impact our results of operation and financial position. There may be other risks we have not yet identified. We are working to identify any potential impact of these events on our business in order to minimize any disruptions to our operations. However, we cannot guarantee we will be able to avoid any negative consequences relating to these recent developments or any future related developments.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

~~Rule 10b5-1 Plan Elections~~Trading Plans

~~Graham Clempson, a member~~During the fiscal quarter ended October 1, 2023, no director or Section 16 officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of the Company’s board of directors, entered into a share purchase plan on March 13, 2023. Mr. Clempson’s plan provides for the purchase of up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock between June 15, 2023 and December 15, 2023. Mr. Clempson’s trading plan was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act and the Company’s policies regarding insider transactions.Regulation S-K).

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.		Description
2.1		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 11, 2021, by and among Empower Ltd., Empower Merger Sub I Inc., Empower Merger Sub II LLC and Holley Intermediate Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 12, 2021).
3.1		Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated July 16, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 21, 2021).
3.2		~~Bylaws~~Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company, dated ~~July 16, 2021~~August 8, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~3.2~~3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on ~~July 21, 2021)~~August 9, 2023).
~~10.1~~		~~#Letter Agreement, dated February 20, 2023, by and between the Company and Michelle Gloeckler.~~
~~10.2~~		Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of March 3, 2023, by and among the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, as the Borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and other lender parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 9, 2023
~~10.3~~		~~#Form of Performance Stock Unit Grant Notice and Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023~~
~~10.4~~		~~#Severance Agreement and General Release, dated March 28, 2023, by and between Holley Intermediate Holdings LLC and Thomas W. Tomlinson.~~
~~10.5~~		Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement, dated as of April 20, 2023, by and among Holley Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, as the Borrower, Wells Fargo Bank National Association, as Administrative Agent, and other lender parties thereto
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act
32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL Document and include in Exhibit 101)

~~# Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.~~

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Holley Inc.

/s/ Jesse Weaver

Jesse Weaver

Chief Financial Officer (Duly Authorized Officer)

~~May 11,~~November 8, 2023

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.	5

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	27

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	3437

Item 4. Controls and Procedures	3437


PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.	3538

Item 1A. Risk Factors.	3538

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	3538

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.	3538

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	3538

Item 5. Other Information.	3538

Item 6. Exhibits.	3639

SIGNATURE	3740

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Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company