BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION

and SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

For the ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION

and SUBSIDIARIES

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION

and SUBSIDIARIES

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION

and SUBSIDIARIES

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements. 

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION

and SUBSIDIARIES

 See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION

and SUBSIDIARIES

 See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION

and SUBSIDIARIES

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION

and SUBSIDIARIES

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION

and SUBSIDIARIES

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION
and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022

NOTE 1.     ORGANIZATION AND BACKGROUND

Boston Omaha was organized on August 11, 2009 with present management taking over operations in February 2015. Our operations include (i) our outdoor advertising business with multiple billboards across Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin; (ii) our insurance business that specializes in surety bond underwriting and brokerage; (iii) our broadband business that provides high-speed broadband services to its customers, (iv) our asset management business, and (iv)(v) our minority investments primarily in real estate, real estate services, private aviation infrastructure, asset management, and banking. Our billboard operations are conducted through our subsidiary, Link Media Holdings, LLC, our insurance operations are conducted through our subsidiary, General Indemnity Group, LLC, and our broadband operations are conducted through our subsidiary, Boston Omaha Broadband, LLC, and our asset management operations are conducted through our subsidiary, Boston Omaha Asset Management, LLC.

We completed an acquisition of an outdoor advertising business and entered the outdoor advertising industry on June 19, 2015. From 2015 through 2022,2023, we have completed more than twenty additional acquisitions of outdoor advertising businesses. 

On April 20, 2016, we completed an acquisition of a surety bond brokerage business. On December 7, 2016, we acquired a fidelity and surety bond insurance company. From 2017 through 2022, we completed four additional acquisitions of surety brokerage businesses.

On March 10, 2020, we completed the acquisition of a rural broadband internet provider located in Arizona. On December 29, 2020, we completed the acquisition of a second broadband internet provider located in Utah. On April 1, 2022, we completed the acquisition of our third broadband internet provider located in Utah.

On September 25, 2020, we filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission for a proposed initial public offering of units of a special purpose acquisition company, which we refer to as the “SPAC,” named Yellowstone Acquisition Company, which we refer to as “Yellowstone.” Yellowstone completed its initial public offering on October 26, 2020 and on January 25, 2022 completed a business combination with Sky Harbour Group and Yellowstone changed its name to Sky Harbour Group Corporation (see Note 8 for further discussion).

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION
and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022

NOTE 2.     SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Consolidation Policy

The financial statements of Boston Omaha Corporation include the accounts of the Company and our consolidated subsidiaries, which are comprised of voting interest entities in which we have a controlling financial interest and a variable interest entity, Yellowstone, in which we are the primary beneficiary in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation. The equity attributable to non-controlling interests in subsidiaries is shown separately in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  All significant intercompany profits, losses, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) 

We determine whether an entity is a VIE and, if so, whether it should be consolidated by utilizing judgments and estimates that are inherently subjective. Our determination of whether an entity in which we hold a direct or indirect variable interest is a VIE is based on several factors, including whether the entity’s total equity investment at risk upon inception is sufficient to finance the entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support. We make judgments regarding the sufficiency of the equity at risk based first on a qualitative analysis, and then a quantitative analysis, if necessary.

We analyze any investments in VIEs to determine if we are the primary beneficiary. In evaluating whether we are the primary beneficiary, we evaluate our direct and indirect economic interests in the entity. A reporting entity is determined to be the primary beneficiary if it holds a controlling financial interest in the VIE. Determining which reporting entity, if any, has a controlling financial interest in a VIE is primarily a qualitative approach focused on identifying which reporting entity has both: (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact such entity’s economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from such entity that could potentially be significant to such entity. Performance of that analysis requires the exercise of judgment.

We consider a variety of factors in identifying the entity that holds the power to direct matters that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance including, but not limited to, the ability to direct operating decisions and activities. In addition, we consider the rights of other investors to participate in those decisions. We determine whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time we become involved with a variable interest entity and reconsider that conclusion continually. We consolidate any VIE of which we are the primary beneficiary.

Our consolidated subsidiaries at March 31,September 30, 2023 include: 

Link Media Holdings, LLC which we refer to as “LMH”

Link Media Alabama, LLC which we refer to as “LMA”

Link Media Florida, LLC which we refer to as “LMF”

Link Media Wisconsin, LLC which we refer to as “LMW”

Link Media Georgia, LLC which we refer to as “LMG”

Link Media Midwest, LLC which we refer to as “LMM”

Link Media Omaha, LLC which we refer to as “LMO”

Link Media Properties, LLC which we refer to as “LMP”

Link Media Southeast, LLC which we refer to as “LMSE”

Link Media Services, LLC which we refer to as “LMS”

Link Billboards Oklahoma, LLC which we refer to as "LBO"“LBO”

General Indemnity Group, LLC which we refer to as “GIG”

American Contracting Services, Inc. which we refer to as "ACS" “ACS” 

The Warnock Agency, Inc. which we refer to as “Warnock”

United Casualty and Surety Insurance Company which we refer to as “UCS”

Surety Support Services, Inc. which we refer to as “SSS”

South Coast Surety Insurance Services, LLC which we refer to as “SCS”

Boston Omaha Investments, LLC which we refer to as “BOIC”

Boston Omaha Asset Management, LLC which we refer to as “BOAM”

Fund One Boston Omaha Build for Rent LP which we refer to as "BFR"“BFR”

BOAM BFR, LLC which we refer to as "BOAM BFR"“BOAM BFR”

BOC Business Services, LLC which we refer to as "BBS"

Yellowstone Acquisition Company which we refer to as "Yellowstone"“Yellowstone”

BOC Yellowstone, LLC which we refer to as "BOC Yellowstone"“BOC Yellowstone”

BOC Yellowstone II, LLC which we refer to as “BOC Yellowstone II”

24th Street Asset Management LLC which we refer to as “24th Street”

24th Street Fund I, LLC which we refer to as “24th Street Fund I”

24th Street Fund II, LLC which we refer to as “24th Street Fund II”

Boston Omaha Broadband, LLC which we refer to as "BOB"“BOB”

FIF AireBeam, LLC which we refer to as “AireBeam”

Fiber Fast Homes, LLC which we refer to as "FFH"“FFH”

FIF Utah, LLC which we refer to as “FIF Utah”

FIF St George, LLC which we refer to as "FIF“FIF St George"

George” 

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION
and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022

NOTE 2.     SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Revenues

The majority of our advertising revenues are derived from contracts for advertising space on billboard structuresstructures.  Our broadband revenues are derived principally from contracts for providing internet services.  Both advertising and broadband revenues are accounted for under Financial Accounting Standards Board, which we refer to as the “FASB,” Accounting Standards Codification, which we refer to as “ASC,” 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.   

Premium revenues derived from our insurance operations are subject to ASC 944, Financial Services – Insurance.

Revenue Recognition

Billboard Rentals

We generate revenue from outdoor advertising through the leasing of advertising space on billboards. The terms of the contracts range from less than one month to three years and are generally billed monthly. Revenue for advertising space rental is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Advertising revenue is reported net of agency commissions. Agency commissions are calculated based on a stated percentage applied to gross billing revenue for operations. Payments received in advance of being earned are recorded as deferred revenue.    

Another component of billboard rentals consists of production services which include creating and printing advertising copy. Contract revenues for production services are accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenues are recognized at a point in time upon satisfaction of the contract, which is typically less than one week. Production services revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $568,091 and $532,931, respectively.

Practical expedients and exemptions: The Company is utilizing the following practical expedients and exemptions from ASC 606. We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within costs of billboard revenues exclusive of depreciation and amortization. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations as the majority of our contracts with customers have an original expected length of less than one year. For contracts with customers which exceed one year, the future amount to be invoiced to the customer corresponds directly with the value to be received by the customer.

Deferred Revenues

We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received in advance of being earned or when we have an unconditional right to consideration before satisfying our performance obligation. The term between invoicing and when a payment is due is not significant. For certain services we require payment before the product or services are delivered to the customer. The balance of deferred revenue is considered short-term and will be recognized in revenue within twelve months.

Premiums and Unearned Premium Reserves

Premiums written are recognized as revenues based on a pro-rata daily calculation over the respective terms of the policies in-force. The cost of reinsurance ceded is initially written as prepaid reinsurance premiums and is amortized over the reinsurance contract period in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided. Premiums cededceded of $338,262 and $187,143$1,091,643 and $934,531 for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included within “Premiums earned” in our consolidated statements of operations.

Commissions

We generate revenue from commissions on surety bond sales and account for commissions under ASC 606. Insurance commissions are earned from various insurance companies based upon our agency agreements with them. We arrange with various insurance companies for the provision of a surety bond for entities that require a surety bond. The insurance company sets the price of the bond. The contract with the insurance company is fulfilled when the bond is issued by the insurance agency on behalf of the insurance company. The insurance commissions are calculated based upon a stated percentage applied to the gross premiums on bonds. Commissions are recognized at a point in time, on a bond-by-bond basis as of the policy effective date and are generally nonrefundable.

Broadband Revenues

Broadband revenue is derived principally from internet services and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract in the period the services are rendered.  Revenue received or receivable in advance of the delivery of services is included in deferred revenue.

Credit Losses

We estimate credit losses on financial instruments based on amounts expected to be collected. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on historical collections, accounts receivable aging, economic indicators, and expected future trends.

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION
and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022

NOTE 2.     SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid investments, with the exception of U.S. Treasury securities, purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Cash Held by BOAM Funds and Other

Cash Held by BOAM Funds and Other represents cash and cash equivalents held by funds consolidated by BOAM Funds and other consolidated entities. Such amounts are not available to fund the general liquidity needs of Boston Omaha.

Loss and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses represent estimates for the ultimate cost of unpaid reported and unreported claims incurred and related expenses. Estimates for losses and loss adjustment expenses are based on past experience of investigating and adjusting claims and consideration of the level of premiums written during the current and prior year. Since the reserves are based on estimates, the ultimate liability may differ from the estimated reserve. The effects of changes in estimated reserves are included within cost of insurance revenues in our results of operations in the period in which the estimates are updated. The reserves are included within accounts payable and accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheets. See further discussion within Note 15.

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

We account for investments in less than 50% owned and more than 20% owned entities using the equity method of accounting. In accordance with ASC 323-30, we account for investments in limited partnerships and limited liability companies using the equity method of accounting when our investment is more than minimal (greater than 3% to 5%). Our share of income (loss) of such entities is recorded as a single amount as equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates. Dividends, if any, are recorded as a reduction of the investment.

We monitor our equity method investments for factors indicating other-than-temporary impairment. We consider several factors when evaluating our investments, including, but not limited to, (i) the period of time for which the fair value has been less than the carrying value, (ii) operating and financial performance of the investee, (iii) the investee’s future business plans and projections, (iv) discussions with their management, and (v) our ability and intent to hold the investment until it recovers in value.

Retention of Specialized Accounting

Each of 24th Street Fund I and 24th Street Fund II, collectively “the 24th Street Funds,” managed by 24th Street are investment companies and apply specialized industry accounting. We report fund investments on our consolidated balance sheets at their estimated fair value, with gains (losses) resulting from changes in fair value reflected within ‘Other investment income’ in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect different accounting policies for investments depending on whether or not they are held through a consolidated investment company.

Income Taxes

We compute our year-to-date provision for income taxes by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date pre-tax income or loss and adjust the provision for discrete tax items recorded in the period.

The realization of deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards, is dependent on the generation of future taxable income sufficient to realize the tax deductions, carryforwards and credits. Valuation allowances on deferred tax assets are recognized if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realized. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded a valuation allowance against certain state deferred tax assets that we have determined are not more-likely-than-not realizable.

Pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, annual use of our net operating losses may be limited if it is determined that an ownership shift has occurred. An ownership shift is generally defined as a cumulative change in equity ownership by ‘‘5% shareholders’’ that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. At this time, a Section 382 study has not been performed to determine if such an ownership shift has occurred.

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION
and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

NOTE 2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements

In light of our acquisition of 100% of the membership interests in 24th Street Asset Management LLC (see further discussion within Footnote 6), the Company re-evaluated its previous accounting for its investment in the 24th Street Funds under Accounting Standards Codification 323, Equity Method and Joint Ventures.  As a result, we have revised our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, to reflect our proportionate share of reported earnings pursuant to investment company accounting requirements related to our previous investment in the 24th Street Funds.

As a result, we recorded increases to our investments in unconsolidated affiliates, deferred tax liability, and retained earnings of $4,085,040, $991,188, and $3,093,852, respectively.  The effect on total assets, total liabilities, and total stockholders equity as of December 31, 2022 was $4,085,040, $991,188, and $3,093,852, respectively.  The effect on equity in income of unconsolidated affiliates and net income for the year ended December 31, 2022 was an increase of $4,085,040 and $3,093,852, respectively.  Our revisions had no impact on our net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 or September 30, 2022. We evaluated the materiality of the impact quantitatively and qualitatively and concluded it was not material to any of the prior periods.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Management reviewed currently issued pronouncements during the year, and believes that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would not have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION
and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022

NOTE 3.     CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows that agrees to the total of those amounts as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows. 

NOTE 4.     ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable consist of the following:    

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION
and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022

NOTE 5.     PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consist of the following:   

Depreciation expense for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $2,707,317$8,825,619 and $1,740,071,$6,165,584, respectively. 

NOTE 6.     BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS

2023 Acquisitions

We did not24th complete any acquisitions duringStreet Asset Management

On May 1, 2023, Boston Omaha Asset Management, LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired 100% of the membership interests in 24th Street Asset Management LLC, from the members of 24th Street for cash and BOC Class A common stock valued at $5,016,494 in the aggregate. Prior to the transaction, BOAM indirectly owned 48% of the membership interests of 24th Street.

The consideration consisted of $2,759,072 in cash paid at closing, an additional $1,254,102 in cash subject to holdback, and 45,644 shares of BOC Class A common stock (the “BOC Shares”).  In the event that distributions are paid to 24th Street pursuant to 24th Street’s gross profits interest (carried interest) held in certain entities (including the first24th quarterStreet Funds), minus certain compensation bonuses payable (such net amount, the “Net Promote Amount”), that exceed $7,226,672 but are less than or equal to $9,635,562, the Sellers will receive, as a release from the Holdback Amount, 52% of such excess, such that if the Net Promote Amount equals $9,635,562 (the “Earn-Out Threshold”), the full Holdback Amount will have been released to the Sellers.  Furthermore, to the extent that such Net Promote Amount exceeds the Earn-Out Threshold, the Sellers will receive 25% of the amount of such excess (the “Earn-Out”) until the 2023.24th Street Funds are liquidated or dissolved at which point Sellers’ right to any Earn-Out payment will be extinguished, and the Holdback shall expire. 

Our preliminary purchase price allocation related to 24th Street Asset Management includes carried interest and goodwill of $9,110,478 and $536,626, respectively. Because the carried interest represents an intercompany receivable from the 24th Street Funds, which we also consolidate, we eliminate the carried interest balance in consolidation. The purchase price related to 24th Street Asset Management primarily represents our estimate of the carried interest in the 24th Street Funds that the Company will receive if and when the underlying investments in the 24th Street Funds are sold.

Broadband Acquisition

On June 16, 2023, our subsidiary, FIF St. George, acquired from Pro Communication and Construction Services, LLC, which we refer to as “ProComm,” broadband construction equipment and related assets for a purchase price of $2,881,000 paid in cash. The acquisition was completed for the purpose of expanding our broadband presence in the Midwestern United States. Due to the timing of the transaction, the initial accounting for the business combination is incomplete.  The provisional purchase price allocation is based on internal information derived from our previous acquisitions in the Midwestern United States. We are still in the process of obtaining and assessing documentation of the contracts for customer relationships and detailed reports for equipment and permits.  Our preliminary purchase price allocation related to ProComm includes property, plant and equipment, intangibles, and goodwill of $844,500, $1,046,000 and $990,500, respectively.  The intangible assets primarily include customer relationships which have a useful life of fifteen years.

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION
and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

NOTE 6.BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS (Continued)

2022 Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we completed the acquisition of a broadband service provider and its related assets as well as an outdoor advertising business and its related assets. These acquisitions were accounted for as business combinations under the provisions of ASC 805. A summary of the acquisitions is provided below.

InfoWest & Go Fiber

On April 1, 2022, FIF St George, LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired substantially all of the business assets of InfoWest, Inc. (“InfoWest”) and Go Fiber LLC (“Go Fiber”), who are fiber and fixed wireless internet service providers located in St. George, Utah. The InfoWest and Go Fiber businesses together provide high-speed internet services to over 20,000 customers throughout Southern and Central Utah, Northern Arizona and Moapa Valley, Nevada.

Under the terms of the Agreement, FIF St George, LLC assumed only certain liabilities of InfoWest and Go Fiber. The total purchase price of $48,573,149 was paid 80% in cash, and the remaining 20% of the purchase price was paid by issuing to InfoWest and Go Fiber 20% of the outstanding equity of FIF St George, LLC. A portion of the cash purchase price is held in escrow to provide a source of indemnification for any breaches of the representations and warranties, covenants and other obligations of InfoWest and Go Fiber under the Agreement. At any time, InfoWest and Go Fiber have the option, but not the obligation, to sell FIF St George, LLC its entire ownership interest in FIF St George, LLC. FIF St George, LLC would be obligated to purchase the units and pay for the purchase over a three-year period if InfoWest and Go Fiber elect to exercise this option. Subject to the occurrence of certain future events, FIF St George, LLC has the option, but not the obligation, to purchase InfoWest and Go Fiber’s ownership interest in FIF St George, LLC, with payment due in full upon exercise of the option. The purchase price for the units under either of these put/call options is based upon a multiple of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and certain other expenses.  The 20% interest owned by InfoWest and Go Fiber is included within "Redeemable“Redeemable Noncontrolling interest"interest” in our consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following is a summary of the allocation of the purchase price, which includes the final fair value allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

The intangible assets include customer relationships and trade names and trademarks which have useful lives of ten years and twenty years, respectively.  

BOSTON OMAHA CORPORATION
and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

NOTE 6.BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS (Continued)

Elevation

On November 21, 2022, our subsidiary, LMO, purchased the outdoor advertising assets of Elevation Outdoor Advertising, which we refer to as “Elevation,” based in Knoxville, TN for a purchase price of $14,239,257. Elevation was founded in 2002 and operates over 265 billboard faces, including 8 digital displays, in Knoxville and East Tennessee. Due to the timing

The following is a summary of the transaction, the initial accounting for the business combination is incomplete.  We are still in the process of obtaining and assessing documentationallocation of the contracts for customer relationships and detailed reports for structures and permits. The provisional purchase price, which includes the final fair value allocation is based on internal information derived from our previous acquisitions inof the Midwestern United States.assets acquired and liabilities assumed: