PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The LGL Group, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except par value and share amounts)

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The LGL Group, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The LGL Group, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The LGL Group, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The LGL Group, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and the instructions to Form 10-Q. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the information included in The LGL Group, Inc. (the “Company”, “LGL Group”, “LGL”, “we”, “our” or “us”) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 17, 2023.

The Company was incorporated in 1928 under the laws of the State of Indiana and reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 2007, and is a diversified holding company engaged in services, investment and manufacturing business activities with subsidiaries engaged in the design, manufacturing and marketing of highly-engineered, high performance Frequency and Time Reference Standards that form the basis for timing and synchronization in various applications.

The Company’s manufacturing business is operated through its subsidiary Precise Time and Frequency, LLC ("PTF"). The Company has operations in Wakefield, Massachusetts.

As part of our ongoing efforts developing our merchant investment segment, the Company took additional steps and solidified its role as the Managing Partner of a syndicated investment partnership. We have pursued opportunities for direct investing for control, direct investing as a minority with the ability to influence such as through Board representation and direct investing to build an industry platform to acquire and build along an industry vertical.

Certain prior period balances were reclassified to conform with the current financial statement presentation, including a reclassification of the income statement line items for interest income and investment (loss) income to be classified and included within revenues.

Spin-Off of M-tron Industries, Inc.

On October 7, 2022 the tax-free spin-off of the MtronPTI business was completed and MtronPTI became an independent, publicly traded company trading on the NYSE American under the stock symbol "MPTI".

The Separation was achieved through LGL’s distribution (the “Distribution”) of 100% of the shares of MtronPTI's common stock to holders of LGL's common stock as of the close of business on the record date of September 30, 2022. LGL's stockholders of record received one-half share of MtronPTI's common stock for every share of LGL's common stock. LGL retained no ownership interest in the MtronPTI business following the Separation. During the first quarter of 2023, MtronPTI agreed to share excess Separation costs of $28,000 with LGL Group, which has been recorded as a reduction of Spin-Off costs, which were $55,000 for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023, and $232,000 and $343,000$575,000 for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022, respectively, and are included in income from discontinued operations, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The historical financial results of the MtronPTI business for periods prior to the distribution date along with the related direct costs of the Spin-Off are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations. Unless otherwise noted, discussion in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements refers to our continuing operations. Refer to Note C – Discontinued Operations, for additional information regarding the discontinued operations.

LGL believes that the spin-off of MtronPTI would enable shareholders to more clearly evaluate the performance and future potential of each entity on a standalone basis, while allowing each to pursue its own distinct business strategy and capital allocation policy. Separating MtronPTI as an independent, publicly owned company positions the business to increase value to both MtronPTI and LGL Group. The spin-off permits each company to tailor its strategic plans and growth opportunities, more efficiently raise and allocate resources, including capital raised through debt or equity offerings, flexibly use its own stock as currency for teammate incentive compensation and potential acquisitions and provide investors a more targeted investment opportunity.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its majority-owned subsidiaries along with any variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which it has been determined to be the primary beneficiary. During June 2023, the Company determined it was the primary beneficiary of LGL Systems Acquisition Holdings,Holding Company, LLC ("LGL Systems"), disclosing the non-controlling interest relating to the minority shareholders within its consolidated financial statements. The Company does not consolidate its VIE, LGL Systems Nevada Management Partners, LLC (“LGL Nevada”), as the Company had determined it is not the primary beneficiary, and its economic interest is immaterial. Intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. These consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.

As of September 30, 2023, the subsidiaries of the Company are as follows:

The Company consolidates entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The Company determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a variable interest entity (VIE).

A variable interest in a VIE is an investment that will absorb portions of the VIE’s expected losses and/or receive portions of the VIE’s expected residual returns. The Company’s variable interests in VIEs include limited membership interests and common equity.

VIE Consolidation Analysis

The enterprise with a controlling financial interest in a VIE is known as the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE by performing an analysis that principally considers:

The Company reassesses its evaluation of whether an entity is a VIE when certain reconsideration events occur. The Company reassesses its determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis based on current facts and circumstances. During June 2023, the Company reassessed its determination for LGL Systems and determined it was the primary beneficiary.

Equity-Method Investments: When the Company does not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but can exert significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies, the investment is accounted for either (i) under the equity method of accounting or (ii) at fair value by electing the fair value option available under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Significant influence generally exists when the Company owns 20% to 50% of the entity’s common stock or in-substance common stock.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of its products in accordance with the criteria in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which are:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.

Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 3: Determine the transaction price.

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company meets these conditions upon the Company’s satisfaction of the performance obligation, usually at the time of shipment to the customer, because control passes to the customer at that time. Our standard terms for customers are net due within 30 days, with a few exceptions, none regularly exceeding 60 days.

The Company provides disaggregated revenue details by geographic markets in Note K – Domestic and Foreign Revenues.

The Company offers a limited right of return and/or authorized price protection provisions in its agreements with certain electronic component distributors who resell the Company's products to original equipment manufacturers or electronic manufacturing services companies. As a result, the Company estimates and records a reserve for future returns and other charges against revenue at the time of shipment consistent with the terms of sale. The reserve is estimated based on historical experience with each respective distributor. These reserves and charges are immaterial as the Company does not have a history of significant price protection adjustments or returns. The Company provides a standard assurance warranty that does not create a performance obligation.

Practical Expedients:

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, including intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets to the lowest level to which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. Management assesses the recoverability of the carrying cost of the assets based on a review of projected undiscounted cash flows. If an asset is held for sale, management reviews its estimated fair value less cost to sell. Fair value is determined using pertinent market information, including appraisals or broker's estimates, and/or projected discounted cash flows. In the event an impairment loss is identified, it is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset.

We performed an assessment to determine if there were any indicators of impairment as a result of the operating conditions resulting at the end of the fiscal quarter ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023. We concluded that, while there were events and circumstances in the macro-environment that did impact us, we did not experience any entity-specific indicators of asset impairment and no triggering events occurred.

Concentration Risks

Our cash and cash equivalents are invested primarily in two U.S. Treasury mutualmoney market funds, and the Company believes that there is minimal risk relative to its mutual fund holdings. At JuneSeptember 30, 2023, there were no cash balances in any financial institution exceeding the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which changes the impairment model for most financial assets. The standard replaces the incurred loss model with the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model to estimate credit losses for financial assets. The Company adopted the provisions of this standard on January 1, 2023, with minimal effect on its financial statements.

During June 2023, the Company was appointed as sole managing member of LGL Nevada and invested approximately $4,000 into LGL Nevada representing its 1% general partnership interest. In conjunction with this transaction, Lynch Capital International, LLC ("Lynch Capital"), the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, invested $1 million into LGL Systems, which is controlled by LGL Nevada. As a result of the subsequent determination that LGL was the primary beneficiary of LGL Systems and was therefore required to consolidate LGL Systems, the Company has recorded $1,872,000 related to the consolidation of its non-controlling interests in LGL Systems. This is discussed further in Note E - Related Party Transactions.

On October 7, 2022, the Separation of MtronPTI was completed. In accordance with ASC 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statements - Discontinued Operations, the Company determined that MTronPTI’s business line met the conditions for a discontinued operation and is recorded as such in the consolidated financial statements. The Company reports financial results for discontinued operations separately from continuing operations in order to distinguish the financial impact of the disposal transaction from ongoing operations.

The following table summarizes the significant line items included in Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 (in thousands):

The cash flows related to discontinued operations have not been segregated and are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented. The following table summarizes depreciation and other significant operating noncash items, capital expenditures and financing activities of discontinued operations for each period presented (in thousands):

The Company accounts for equity securities under ASC 321. Such securities are reported at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets, and the related unrealized gains and losses are reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows as non-cash adjustments to income. Any realized and unrealized gains or losses on investmentmarketable securities are reported in the consolidated statements of operations as investment income or (loss).

Details of marketable securities held at JuneSeptember 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

The shares of IRNT common stock were received by the Company as a result of a distribution, with the basis of these securities being determined using the fair value on the date of distribution.

Certain balances held and invested in various mutual funds are managed by a relatedan entity (the "Fund Manager"). Marc Gabelli, the Company’s non-executive Chairman of the Board, who is also a greater than 10% stockholder, serves as an executive officer of the Fund Manager. The brokerage and fund transactions in 2023 and 2022 were directed solely at the discretion of the Company’s management.

As of June 30, 2023, the balance with the Fund Manager totaled $31,980,000, all of which is classified within cash and cash equivalents onrelated to the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Fund management fees earned by the Fund Manager are estimated to be approximately 0.08%company through certain of the asset balances under management on an annual basis.our shareholders.  All investments including those in related party mutual funds are overseen by the Independent Investment Committee of the Board. The Investment Committee meets regularly to review the alternatives and has determined that the current investments most reflect the company’s objective of lower cost, market return and adherence to having a larger proportion of underlying investments directly in US treasuries.

As of September 30, 2023, the balance with the Fund Manager totaled $32,121,000, all of which is classified within cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fund has an expense ratio of approximately .08% on an annual basis, including a management fee of .08%, which is paid to the Fund Manager.

As of December 31, 2022, the balance with the Fund Manager totaled $26,811,000, including $10,295,000 which is classified within cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and $16,516,000 which is classified as marketable securities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Certain members of our board of directors (the “Board”), including Marc Gabelli, Timothy Foufas, Manjit Kalha and Michael Ferrantino, and three members of our management, Marc Gabelli, Patrick Huvane and Michael Ferrantino,Timothy Foufas, are members of LGL Systems.

Transactions with M-tron Industries, Inc.

LGL Group and MtronPTI entered into an Amended and Restated Transitional Administrative and Management Services Agreement, which sets out the terms for services to be provided between the two companies post-separation. The current terms result in a net monthly payment of $4,000 per month to MtronPTI from LGL Group.

MtronPTI and LGL Group have agreed to share any excess Separation costs. Included in discontinued operations is an amount of $28,000 which represents 50% of the excess Separation costs incurred for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

At JuneSeptember 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was a balance due to LGL Group from MtronPTI of $0 and $6,000, respectively, which is included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Transactions with LGL Systems Acquisition Holdings,Holding Company, LLC.

LGL Group invested $1 million into LGL Systems during June 2023 through Lynch Capital. LGL Group's $1 million in membership interests represents approximately 35% of the membership interests, with approximately $929,000 of affiliated membership interests and a further $961,000 of unaffiliated membership interests. The affiliated members of LGL Systems include Venator Merchant Fund L.P., which is wholly owned by Marc Gabelli. Other affiliated members include Patrick Huvane, LGL's EVP, Tim Foufas, LGL's Co-CEO and LGL Director, Michael Ferrantino, an LGL Director and its former Co-CEO, and Manjit Kalha, an LGL Director and its current audit committee chairman. For the third quarter of 2023, the Company recorded $22,000 in net income attributable to non-controlling interests.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value guidance identifies three primary valuation techniques: the market approach, the income approach and the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset.

The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The maximization of observable inputs and the minimization of the use of unobservable inputs are required.

Classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the objectivity of the inputs that are significant to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels within the fair value hierarchy are characterized as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include: quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability for which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company's own assumptions about what market participants would use to price the asset or liability. These inputs may include internally developed pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies as well as instruments for which the fair value determination requires significant management judgment.

Assets

To estimate the market value of its cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, the Company obtains current market pricing from quoted market sources or uses pricing for identical securities adjusted for liquidity, when applicable. Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands).

As of JuneSeptember 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had investments in two mutual funds and four mutual funds, respectively. The Equity Mutual Fund noted above was invested in the Gabelli ABC Fund and the Commodity Mutual Fund was invested in the Gabelli Gold Fund. The U.S. Treasury Mutualmoney market Funds, included in cash and cash equivalents, are invested in the Gabelli US Treasury Money Market Fund and at December 31, 2022 and also included the BlackRock Liquidity Treasury Trust Money Market Fund. Fund at September 30, 2023. 

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the FIFO (first-in, first-out) method. The Company reduces the value of its inventories to net realizable value when the net realizable value is believed to be less than the cost of the item. The reserve for excess and obsolete inventory as of JuneSeptember 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $68,000$79,000 and $49,000, respectively.

Inventories are comprised of the following (in thousands):

Under the Company’s 2021 Incentive Plan, and the prior 2011 Incentive Plan, as amended, restricted stock and stock options have been awarded to certain employees as stock-based compensation. Compensation expense is based on the grant-date fair value and recognized over the requisite service period.

In January 2023, 3,750 restricted shares vested. Stock-based compensation expense was $17,000$4,000 and $21,000 for the sixthree and nine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022. There are no restricted share or option grants outstanding as of JuneSeptember 30, 2023.

The Company computes earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share adjusts basic earnings per share for the effects of warrants, restricted stock, stock options and other potentially dilutive financial instruments, only in the periods in which the effects are dilutive.

For both the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023, there were warrants to purchase 1,051,664 shares of common stock, and for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022, there were warrants to purchase 1,051,664 shares of common stock and options to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock and 56,283 restricted shares which were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computation because the impact of the assumed exercise of such warrants and stock options and vesting of restricted shares would have been anti-dilutive.

The following table reconciles basic weighted average shares outstanding to diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 and 2022:

The Company’s quarterly provision for income taxes is measured using an annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items within the period presented. To determine the annual effective tax rate, the Company estimates both the total income (loss) before income taxes for the full year and the jurisdictions in which that income (loss) is subject to tax. The actual effective tax rate for the full year may differ from these estimates if income (loss) before income taxes is greater than or less than what was estimated or if the allocation of income (loss) to jurisdictions in which it is taxed is different from the estimated allocations.

The effective tax rate on continuing operations for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 and 2022 was 70.0%45.7% and 20.7%22.5%, respectively. Differences between the Company’s effective income tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory rate are primarily due to the impact from uncertain tax positions, and state taxes.

The Company allocates its foreign revenue based on the customer's ship-to location. Significant foreign revenues from operations (10% or more of foreign sales) follows (in thousands):

The Company has identified two reportable business segments: electronic instruments, which includes all products manufactured and sold by PTF, and merchant investment, which includes all the income and expenses through its subsidiary Lynch Capital.

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes is equal to revenues, interest income, and investment income (loss) less the manufacturing cost of sales and engineering, selling and administrative expenses. Identifiable assets of the segments are those used in each of their respective operations. Total assets of $41,579,000$41,822,000 includes $22,925,000$23,203,000 for the merchant investment business, $1,221,000$904,000 for the electronic instruments business, and $17,353,000 for the holding company. Holding company represents general$17,715,000 of corporate assets. Corporate assets which are principallyinclude cash and cash equivalents short-term investmentsprincipally invested in highly liquid U.S. Treasury money market funds, other marketable securities, and certain other investments and receivables along with deferred tax balances.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries may become defendants in certain product liability, patent infringement, worker claims and other litigation. The Company records a liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. The Company's insurance coverage is reviewed periodically to ensure it is adequate to cover potential exposures.

The following discussion and analysis of the Company's financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto and the other unaudited financial data included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on April 17, 2023. The terms the “Company”, “LGL Group”, “LGL”, “we”, “our” or “us” refer to The LGL Group, Inc. and unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used herein shall have the same meanings as set forth in our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company and the Company's other communications and statements, other than historical facts, may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The Company intends for all such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, as applicable by law. Such statements include, in particular, statements about the Company's beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, estimates, projections and intentions. These statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, many of which are beyond the Company's control. The words "may," "could," "should," "would," "believe," "anticipate," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "plan," "target," "goal" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to risks and uncertainties. Therefore, such statements are not intended to be a guarantee of the Company's performance in future periods. The Company's actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in the Company's forward-looking statements. For information concerning these factors and related matters, see "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on April 17, 2023, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the SEC. However, other factors besides those referenced could adversely affect the Company's results, and you should not consider any such list of factors to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties. Any forward-looking statements made by the Company herein speak as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement, except as required by law. As a result, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

OVERVIEW

The Company is a holding company engaged in services, investment and manufacturing business activities. The Company was incorporated in 1928 under the laws of the State of Indiana, and in 2007, the Company was reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware as The LGL Group, Inc. We maintain our executive offices at 2525 Shader Road, Orlando, Florida 32804. Our telephone number is (407) 298-2000. Our Internet address is www.lglgroup.com. Our common stock and warrants are traded on the NYSE American (“NYSE”) under the symbols "LGL" and “LGL WS”, respectively.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its majority-owned subsidiaries along with any variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which it has been determined to be the primary beneficiary. During June 2023, the Company determined it was the primary beneficiary of LGL Systems Acquisition Holdings,Holding Company, LLC ("LGL Systems"), disclosing the non-controlling interest relating to the minority shareholders within its consolidated financial statements. The Company does not consolidate its VIE, LGL Systems Nevada Management Partners, LLC (“LGL Nevada”), as the Company had determined it is not the primary beneficiary, and its economic interest is immaterial.

Electronic Instruments Business

We operate our electronic instruments business currently through our subsidiary, Precise Time and Frequency, LLC ("PTF"), a globally positioned producer of industrial Electronic Instruments and commercial products and services. Founded in 2002, PTF operates from our design and manufacturing facility in Wakefield, Massachusetts.

PTF is our sole wholly owned manufacturing operation and is focused on the design and manufacture of high-performance Frequency and Time reference standards that form the basis for timing and synchronization in various applications including satellite communication, time transfer systems, network synchronization, electricity distribution and metrology.

Merchant Investment Business

The LGL merchant investment business is comprised of various investment vehicles in which LGL is either shareholder, partner, or has general partner interests, and through which LGL invests its capital. TheAs the Company seekscontinues to assess further acquisitions of, or investments in, operating businesses broadly, we seek to invest currently available cash and cash equivalents in liquid investments with a view to enhancing returns as we continue to assess further acquisitions of, or investments in, operating businesses broadly.returns. LGL core strengths include identifying and acquiring undervalued assets and businesses, often through the purchase of securities, increasing value through management, financial or other operational changes, and managing complex legal, regulatory or financial issues, which may include technical, engineering, environmental, zoning, permitting and licensing issues among others.

During June 2023, LGL Group transferred approximately $21.0 million of cash and cash equivalents to its wholly owned subsidiary, Lynch Capital International, LLC ("Lynch Capital"), for its use within the merchant investment business. During June 2023, Lynch Capital was appointed as sole managing member of LGL Nevada and invested approximately $4,000 into LGL Nevada representing its 1% general partnership interest. In conjunction with this transaction, Lynch Capital invested $1 million into LGL Systems, which is controlled by LGL Nevada. As a result of the subsequent determination that LGL was the primary beneficiary of LGL Systems and was therefore required to consolidate LGL Systems, the Company has recorded $1,872,000 related to non-controlling interests in LGL Systems on its consolidated balance sheets.

LGL Group invested $1 million into LGL Systems during June 2023 through Lynch Capital, with its $1 million in membership interests representing approximately 35% of all membership interests, including approximately $929,000 of affiliated membership interests and a further $961,000 of unaffiliated membership interests. The affiliated members of LGL Systems include Venator Merchant Fund L.P., which is wholly owned by Marc Gabelli. Other affiliated members include Patrick Huvane, LGL's EVP, Tim Foufas, CO-CEO of LGL and an LGL Director, Michael Ferrantino, an LGL Director and its former Co-CEO, and Manjit Kalha, an LGL Director and its current audit committee chairman.

As of JuneSeptember 30, 2023, LGL had investments (classified within Cash and cash equivalents and Marketable securities) with a fair value of approximately $37.8 million, of which $22.9 million was held directly by Lynch Capital for the merchant investment business. The Company accounts for its Marketable securities under ASC 321 and as such, its Marketable securities are reported at fair value on its consolidated balance sheets.

Impact of MtronPTI’s Separation

On October 7, 2022, the separation of M-tron Industries, Inc. (“MtronPTI”) was completed (the “Separation”) and MtronPTI became an independent, publicly traded company trading on the NYSE American under the stock symbol "MPTI."

The Separation was achieved through LGL’s distribution (the “Distribution”) of 100% of the shares of the MtronPTI's common stock to holders of LGL's common stock as of the close of business on the record date of September 30, 2022. LGL's stockholders of record received one-half share of MtronPTI's common stock for every share of LGL's common stock. LGL retained no ownership interest in the MtronPTI business following the Separation. The historical financial results of the MtronPTI business for periods prior to the distribution date are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations.

See Note A – Basis of Presentation in the accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details of the Separation.

Results of Continuing Operations

Backlog

As of JuneSeptember 30, 2023, our order backlog, which relates to our electronic instruments segment, was $324,000,$313,000, a decrease of 10.0%13.1% from $360,000 at December 31, 2022 and an increase of 114.6%144.5% compared to the backlog of $151,000$128,000 as of JuneSeptember 30, 2022. The backlog of unfilled orders includes amounts based on signed contracts likely to be fulfilled largely in the next 12 months but most of the backlog will usually will ship within the next 90 days. Order backlog is adjusted quarterly to reflect project cancellations, deferrals, and revised project scope and cost, if any.

Three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 compared to three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2022

Consolidated Revenues and Gross MarginElectronic Instruments:

Total revenues for the electronic instruments segment were $403,000$438,000 for the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023, or 8.9%27.3% above revenues of $370,000$344,000 for the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022. Total revenues were $1,282,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 13.4% above revenues of $1,131,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Consolidated gross margin, which is consolidated revenues less manufacturing cost of sales as a percentage of revenues, increased to 48.4%55.5% for the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023, from 38.6%41.0% for the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 reflecting the effects of product mix changes. Consolidated gross margin increased to 53.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from 40.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 reflecting the effects of product mix changes.

Engineering, Selling and Administrative

Engineering, selling and administrative expense (“ES&A”) costs of $633,000for the electronic instruments segment were $173,000 for the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 includescompared to ES&A expensescosts of LGL’s operating subsidiary Precise Time and Frequency, LLC (“PTF”) totaling $173,000, $372,000 for LGL’s corporate ES&A, and $88,000 for Lynch Capital's investment ES&A. In the three months ended June 30, 2022, PTF had ES&A of $165,000, with the remaining $458,000 representing LGL’s corporate ES&A.

Operating Income (Loss)

The Company reported an operating loss of $438,000$180,000 for the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and were $523,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $512,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The electronic instruments segment reported an operating income of $70,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to an operating loss of $480,000$39,000 for the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 and an operating income of $164,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to an operating loss of $53,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The improvement for the three months reflects the impact from higher revenues and improved margins and a slight reduction in administrative costs.  For the nine months, the improvement was primarily due to the increased margins.

Interest Income (Expense), NetMerchant Investment:

The CompanyCompany's merchant investment segment reported $275,000$287,000 of interest income during the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 compared toand $542,000 of interest income of $9,000 during the threenine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022.2023. The merchant investment segment's assets are primarily invested in highly liquid U.S. Treasury money market funds.

The merchant investment segment reported an operating income of $223,000 and $390,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Corporate:

The Company reported $257,000 of corporate interest income during the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023, compared to $52,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, corporate interest income was $475,000 and was $57,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, all of which was related to higherthe Company's investments in U.S. Treasury money market funds.  The increase in interest income is primarily related to the increase in interest rates onexperienced beginning in late 2022 and during 2023 and the Company’s cashchange in investments out of mutual funds and cash equivalents which are invested in short-term treasury mutualinto U.S. Treasury money market funds.

Investment Income (Loss)

The Company reported $43,000$4,000 of investment incomeloss during the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 compared to aan investment loss of $2,373,000$2,121,000 during the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company recorded investment income of $384,000 and a loss of $4,449,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The incomeloss during the three months and income for the nine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 was related to performance on the Company’s investment portfolio,along with the prior year losslosses for the three and nine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 beingwere related almost entirely to the Company's investment in IronNet.

Total Other Income (Expense), Net

Total other income (expense), net was income of $306,000Corporate ES&A costs totaled $347,000 and $1,124,000 for the three and nine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023, compared to expense of $2,363,000respectively, and $487,000 and $1,498,000 for the three and nine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022, which increased significantly due torespectively. Corporate ES&A represents the interestcosts of managing the Company and investment income as shown above, as compared toits business segments along with the prior year which was the resultcosts of an investment loss.being a public company.

Income Tax (Benefit) Expense

We recorded a tax benefitexpense of $2,000$69,000 and $588,000$132,000 for the three and nine months ended  JuneSeptember 30, 2023 and a tax benefit of $648,000 and $1,402,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The tax expense or benefit is based on an estimated annual effective tax rate across the jurisdictions in which we operate.

Income from Discontinued Operations, net

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax was $457,000$488,000 and $1,753,000 for the three and nine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022. These amounts represent the income which was formerly earned by the discontinued operation, less the costs directly related to the spin-off and is presented net of the related tax effect.

Net (loss) Income

Net loss was $130,000 compared Attributed to $1,798,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The loss in 2023 was primarily due to corporate ES&A exceeding the investment income, as noted above. For 2022, the net loss resulted primarily from the investment loss. Basic and diluted net loss per share for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.02 and $0.34, respectively.

Six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to six months ended June 30, 2022

Consolidated Revenues and Gross Margin

Total revenues were $844,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, or 7.2% above revenues of $787,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Consolidated gross margin, which is consolidated revenues less manufacturing cost of sales as a percentage of revenues, increased to 52.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from 40.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 reflecting the effects of product mix changes.

Engineering, Selling and Administrative

Engineering, selling and administrative expense (“ES&A”) costs of $1,191,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 includes ES&A expenses of LGL’s operating subsidiary Precise Time and Frequency, LLC (“PTF”) totaling $350,000 and $753,000 for LGL’s corporate ES&A, and $88,000 for Lynch Capital's investment ES&A. In the six months ended June 30, 2022, PTF had ES&A of $332,000, with the remaining $1,313,000 representing LGL’s corporate ES&A. The decrease of $454,000 in ES&A primarily relates to the compensation and related costs for former LGL executives who now are compensated by M-tron Industries, Inc. following its spin-off from LGL on October 7, 2022.

Operating Income (Loss)

The Company reported an operating loss of $747,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to an operating loss of $1,327,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The improvement reflects the impact from higher revenue and margins and the significant reduction in administrative costs due primarily to the Spin-Off of MtronPTI.

Noncontrolling Interest Income (Expense), Net

The Company reported $473,000 of interest income during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to interest income of $5,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The income during the six months ended June 30, 2023 was related to higher interest rates on the Company’s cash and cash equivalents which are invested in short-term treasury mutual funds.

Investment Income (Loss)

The Company reported $388,000 of investment income during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to a loss of $2,328,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The income during the six months ended June 30, 2023 was related to performance on the Company’s investment portfolio, with the prior year loss for the six months ended June 30, 2022 being related almost entirely to the Company's investment in IronNet.

Total Other Income (Expense), Net

Total other income (expense), net was income of $837,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to expense of $2,321,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 which related primarily to the interest and investment income or loss as shown above.

Income Tax (Benefit) Expense

We recorded a tax expense of $63,000 and benefit of $754,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The (benefit) expense is based on an estimated annual effective tax rate across the jurisdictions in which we operate.

Income from Discontinued Operations, net

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax was $1,265,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. These amounts represent the income which was formerly earned by the discontinued operation less the costs directly related to the spin-off and is presented net of the related tax effect.

Net (Loss) Income

Net income attributed to noncontrolling interest was $27,000$22,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Net income from noncontrolling interest relates to the income from LGL Systems, which is managed within our merchant investment business.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to LGL Group

Net income (loss) attributable to LGL Group was income of $108,000 and $135,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to a losslosses of $1,629,000$1,459,000 and $3,088,000 for the sixthree and nine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022.2022, respectively. The income in 2023 wasrelates primarily due to thean increase in interest income due to higher interest rates, impacted by investment income,loss and gain, as noted above. For 2022, the net loss resulted from the investment performance. Basic and diluted net income per share for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 and 2022 was income of $0.01$0.03 and loss of $0.31,$0.58, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of JuneSeptember 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents were $40,314,000$40,777,000 and $21,507,000, respectively.

Cash used inprovided by (used in) operating activities for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 and 2022 was $9,000$454,000 provided by operations and $887,000,$831,000 used by operations, respectively.

Cash provided by (used in) investing activities for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 and 2022 was $18,816,000 provided by investing activities and $5,734,000$6,015,000 used in investing activities, respectively. The amount shown for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 reflects the sale of 198,500 IRNT shares for $61,000. During the second quarter of 2023, we sold substantially all of our investments and placed them into U.S. Treasury money market securities.funds.

As of JuneSeptember 30, 2023, our consolidated working capital was $40,701,000$40,891,000 compared to $38,753,000 as of December 31, 2022. As of JuneSeptember 30, 2023, we had current assets of $41,204,000,$41,502,000, current liabilities of $503,000$611,000 and a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of 81.9267.92 to 1.00. As of December 31, 2022, we had current assets of $39,340,000, current liabilities of $587,000 and a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of 67.02 to 1.00. ManagementAs the Company continues to focus on efficiently managing working capital requirements to matchassess further acquisitions of, or investments in, operating activity levels and willbusinesses broadly, we seek to deploy the Company’s working capital where it will generate the greatestinvest currently available cash and cash equivalents in liquid investments with a view to enhancing returns.

We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and cash generated from operations will provide sufficient liquidity to meet our ongoing working capital and capital expenditure requirements for the next 12 months from the date of this filing.

Our Board has adhered to a practice of not paying cash dividends. This policy takes into account our long-term growth objectives, including our anticipated investments for organic growth, potential acquisitions and stockholders' desire for capital appreciation of their holdings. No cash dividends have been paid to the Company's stockholders since January 30, 1989, and none are expected to be paid for the foreseeable future.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying footnotes. These estimates are made and evaluated on an on-going basis using information that is currently available as well as various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates, perhaps in material adverse ways, and those estimates could be different under different assumptions or conditions. For a discussion of the Company’s critical accounting estimates, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Factors Which May Influence Results of Operations

We are not aware of any material trends or uncertainties, other than national economic conditions affecting our industry generally, that may reasonably be expected to have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on our revenues or income other than those listed below and those listed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on April 17, 2023.

Inflation and Rising Interest Rates

During 2022, inflation in the United States accelerated and, as of the date of this Report, is currently expected to continue at an elevated level in the near-term. Rising inflation may have an adverse impact on our manufacturing cost of sales along with engineering, selling and administrative expenses, as these costs could increase at a rate higher than our revenue. The U.S. Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate a total of seven times throughout 2022, and four times in 2023, resulting in a current range from 5.25% to 5.50% as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. It is expected that theThe Federal Reserve willmay continue to increase the federal funds rate throughout 2023 to, among other things, control inflation. Rising interest rates are expected to benefit LGL due to a significant portion of its portfolio currently being invested in US treasury mutualU.S. Treasury money market funds.

Not applicable.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to us, including our chiefco-chief executive officerofficers and chief financialaccounting officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, an evaluation as of JuneSeptember 30, 2023 was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chiefco-chief executive officerofficers and chief financialaccounting officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our chiefco-chief executive officer and chief financialaccounting officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of JuneSeptember 30, 2023, were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

In the ordinary course of business, we may become subject to litigation or claims. We are not aware of any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business, to which we or our subsidiaries are a party or to which our properties are subject.

We are not aware of any material trends or uncertainties, other than national economic conditions affecting our industry generally, that may reasonably be expected to have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on our revenues or income other than those listed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

THE LGL GROUP, INC.

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION FOR THE COMPANY

On October 7, 2022 the tax-free spin-off (“Spin-Off”) of the MtronPTI business was completed and MtronPTI became an independent, publicly traded company trading on the NYSE American under the stock symbol "MPTI. Following the Spin-Off, the Company retains no ownership interest in MtronPTI.

The following unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of operations for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022 reflects the results of operations as if the Spin-Off had occurred on January 1, 2022. The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information should be read together with the Company’s historical consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in its annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and in its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2023.

The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statement is for illustrative and informational purposes only and is not intended to represent what the Company’s results of operations would have been had the Spin-Off and related transactions occurred on the date assumed. In addition, the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statement also should not be considered indicative of the Company’s future results of operations following the Spin-Off.

The “Historical LGL (as reported)” column in the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statement reflects the Company’s historical consolidated financial statement for the period presented and does not reflect any adjustments related to the Spin-Off and related transactions.

The information in the “Discontinued Operations” column in the unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations was derived from the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related accounting records for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2022, and reflects the operating results of MtronPTI. The Company has historically provided many corporate functions on MtronPTI’s behalf, including executive services, tax, accounting, public and investor relations, general management, and has shared information technology systems, corporate governance activities, and centrally managed employee benefit arrangements. The expense allocation is based on the allocation methodology used to prepare the carve-out financial statements of MtronPTI included in the Information Statement included as Exhibit 99.1 to MtronPTI’s Registration Statement on Form 10, as amended on August 19, 2022 (the “Information Statement”) and is considered to be a reasonable estimate of the costs of services provided to MtronPTI by the Company during the periods presented. However, the allocation may not reflect the Company’s actual expenses following the Spin-Off or the actual costs to be incurred by MtronPTI following the Spin-Off, which may be impacted by multiple factors, including the organizational structure and strategic direction of these companies in the future. Discontinued Operations does not reflect what MtronPTI’s results of operations would have been on a stand-alone basis and are not necessarily indicative of future results of operations. MtronPTI’s historical financial results for periods prior to the Spin-Off are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations.

The information in the “Pro Forma Adjustments” column in the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements was based on available information and assumptions that the Company’s management believes are reasonable, that reflect the impacts of events directly attributable to the Spin-Off and related transactions that are factually supportable, and for purposes of the consolidated statements of income (loss), are not expected to have a continuing impact on the Company. Costs directly related to the Spin-Off prior to its completion are reflected in the Company’s pro forma statement of operations below and are included within the pro forma adjustments column. The pro forma adjustments do not reflect future events that may occur after the Spin-Off, including potential selling, general and administrative dis-synergies and the expected charges, the expected realization of any cost savings and other synergies in connection with the Spin-Off.

The “Pro Forma LGL” column is not necessarily indicative of future results nor does it reflect what the Company’s financial position and results of operations would have been as an independent public company during the period presented.

THE LGL GROUP, INC.

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNESEPTEMBER 30, 2022

(In thousands, except per share amounts)