UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

OR

Commission file number: 001-38738

ETON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

21925 W. Field Parkway, Suite 235

Deer Park, Illinois 60010-7208

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (847) 787-7361

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrantregistrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter time that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

As of April 30, 2020,2021, Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. had outstanding 20,917,02824,507,616 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 20192020

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 1 — Company Overview

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Eton” or the “Company”) was incorporated as a Delaware “C” corporation on April 27, 2017 and was initially set up as a wholly ownedwholly-owned subsidiary of Harrow Health, Inc. or “Harrow” (fka(“Harrow”, fka Imprimis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). In June 2017, the Company raised $20,055 in start-up capital through a private sale of preferred stock and a separate management team was then established for Eton with its corporate offices located in Deer Park, Illinois. In November 2018, the Company completed anits initial public offering (the “IPO”) and received net proceeds of $21,960, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering-related expenses. In November 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement and received net proceeds of $4,750 and in August 2020 the Company received net proceeds of $1,965 under the credit agreement (see Note 5),. In March and in MarchApril 2020, Eton received net proceeds of $7,459$7,756 from the sale of shares of its common stock (see Note 6).in a private placement and in October 2020, the Company received net proceeds of $21,026 from a public offering for its common stock at an offering price of $7.00 per share.

Eton is a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing, acquiring, and commercializing prescription drug products utilizinginnovative products. Eton is primarily focused on hospital injectable and pediatric rare disease products. The Company seeks to improve the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (the “FDA”) 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway. formula, delivery system, or safety of existing molecules in order to address unmet patient needs. Eton pursues what it perceives to be low-risk product candidates where existing published literature, historical clinical trials, or physician usage has established safety and/or efficacy of the molecule, thereby reducing the incremental clinical burden required for the Company to bring the product to patients.

The Company’s business model isBiorphen® product was approved by the FDA in October 2019 and sales commenced for this product at the end of 2019. Eton’s EM-100 product was sold to develop proprietary innovativeBausch Health and the product candidates that offer improvements or advantageswas approved by the FDA in September 2020. Bausch Health launched this product under the name of Alaway® Preservative Free in January 2021 and Eton will receive royalties from the sale of the product. In addition, the Company acquired the licensing rights to Alkindi Sprinkle and this product was approved by the FDA in October 2020 and launched in December 2020. In February 2021, the Company sold three pediatric neurology products it had under development to Azurity Pharmaceuticals (“Azurity”) and anticipates additional revenues from Azurity based on various product-related milestones including the commercial launch for these products which are currently available alternatives.under review with the FDA.

Note 2 — Liquidity Considerations

As of March 31, 2020,Prior to 2021, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $73,237 and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company had net cash used in operating activities of $7,217.

To date, the Company has generated limited revenues and hashad incurred negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception in 2017. In the first three months of 2021, the Company generated net cash provided by operating activities of $3,715 primarily from the initial proceeds from the sale of three neurology products. The Company receivedexpects further growth in 2021 and beyond in accordance with additional market penetration from its first product approvalapproved products plus additional revenues from the U.S. Foodlicensing and Drug Administration (“FDA”), Biorphen®, in October 2019 andadditional products where it anticipates FDA approval.

The Company currently believes its future revenues and its existing cash and cash equivalents of $12,335$25,113 as of March 31, 2021 will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months from the date of issuancefiling of these financial statements.this quarterly report. This estimate is based on the Company’s current assumptions, including expectedassumptions relating to estimated sales for Biorphen and its ability to manage its spending. The Company could use its available capital resources sooner than currently expected. Accordingly, the Company could seek to obtain additional capital through equity financings, make additional drawings under its current credit agreement (see Note 5), the saleissuance of additional debt or other arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise additional capital if needed or under acceptable terms, if at all. The sale of additional equity may dilute existing stockholders and newly issued shares maycould contain senior rights and preferences compared to currently outstanding common shares. IssuedThe Company’s existing long-term debt securities may containobligation contains covenants and limitlimits the Company’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders. If the Company is not able to achieve significant revenues fromexperiences delays in product sales growth and licensing, encounters delays in completing its product development and obtaining regulatory approval for its other product candidates and is unable to obtain such additional financing, its operations would need to be scaled back or discontinued.

Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Company has prepared the accompanying financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying interim condensed financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 20202021 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019.2020. The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes related to the three-month periods ended March 31, 20202021 and 20192020 are also unaudited. The results for the three-month period ended March 31, 20202021 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020,2021, any other interim periods or any future year or period.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed financial statements include, but are not limited to, provisions for uncollectible receivables and sales returns, valuation of inventories, useful lives of assets and the impairment of property and equipment, the accrual of research and development expenses and the valuation of common stock, stock options and warrants. Estimates are periodically reviewed in light of changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Segment Information

The Company operates the business on the basis of a single reportable segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing prescription drug products. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker is the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), who evaluates the Company as a single operating segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. All cash and cash equivalents are held in U.S. financial institutions or invested in short-term U.S. treasury bills. Cash equivalents consist of an interest-bearing checking account and a U.S. treasury bill. From time to time, amounts deposited with its bank exceed federally insured limits. The Company believes the associated credit risk to be minimal.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. Accounts receivable are recorded net of allowances for doubtful accounts, cash discounts for prompt payment, distribution fees, chargebacks and returns and allowances. The total for these reserves amounted to $71 and $71 as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Inventories

The Company values its inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method of valuation. The Company reviews its inventories for potential excess or obsolete issues on an ongoing basis and will record a write-down if an impairment is identified. Inventories at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consist solely of purchased finished goods. At both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 inventories are shown net of a slow-moving reserve for its Biorphen product of $623 due to the risk of expiry before this entire stock of inventories is sold.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed utilizing the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives: computer hardware and software is depreciated over three years; equipment, furniture and fixtures is depreciated over five years; leasehold improvements are amortized over their estimated useful lives or the remaining lease term, whichever is shorter. Construction in progress is capitalized but not depreciated until it is placed into service.

Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, while renewals and improvements are capitalized.

In March 2021, the Company completed an evaluation of its expected needs for product development and testing activities and determined that it would discontinue its laboratory operation in Lake Zurich, Illinois. The Company expects to complete a sale of the lab equipment in May 2021 at a price in excess of the book value for these assets. Accordingly, the $551 net book value of these assets was removed from the property and equipment classification and is classified as a current asset, Equipment held-for-sale, in the Company’s accompanying condensed balance sheet as of March 31, 2021.

Intangible Assets

The Company capitalizes payments it makes for licensed products when the payment is based on FDA approval for the product and the cost is recoverable based on expected future cash flows from the product. The cost is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the product commencing on the approval date in accordance with ASC 350-30. To date, aAccounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350 — Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. A $750 payment related to the approval of itsthe Company’s Biorphen product in 2019 has been capitalized and that cost is being amortized over five years. The intangible assets, net on the Company’s balance sheet reflected $213 of accumulated amortization as of March 31, 2021. The Company recorded $38 of amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The Company will record amortization expense of $150 per year for this intangible asset for 2021 through 2023 and then $125 in 2024 when it will be fully amortized.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the Company’s statements of operations for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. No impairment has been recognized since the Company’s inception in 2017.

Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Discount and Detachable Debt-Related Warrants

Costs incurred to issue debt are deferred and recorded as a reduction to the debt balance in the accompanying balance sheets. The Company amortizes debt issuance costs over the expected term of the related debt using the effective interest method. Debt discounts relate to the relative fair value of warrants issued in conjunction with the debt and are also recorded as a reduction to the debt balance and accreted over the expected term of the debt to interest expense using the effective interest method.

Revenue Recognition for Contracts with Customers

The Company intends to generate its future revenues from direct sales of its approved Biorphen product and other of its products which are in development. In addition, the Company anticipates it will receive revenues from product licensing agreements for which it has contracted for milestone payments and royalties from products it has developed or for which it has acquired the rights to a product developed by a third party.

The Company accounts for contracts with its customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)ASC 606 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards. Under ASC 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. Arrangements that include rights to additional goods or services that are exercisable at a customer’s discretion are generally considered options. The Company assesses whether these options provide a material right to the customer and, if so, they are considered performance obligations. The exercise of a material right is accounted for as a contract modification for accounting purposes.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

The Company recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over time, and if over time this is based on the use of an output or input method. Any amounts received prior to revenue recognition will be recorded as deferred revenue. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within the twelve months following the balance sheet date will be classified as current portion of deferred revenue in the Company’s balance sheets. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the twelve months following the balance sheet date are classified as long-term deferred revenue, net of current portion.

Milestone Payments – If a commercial contract arrangement includes development and regulatory milestone payments, the Company will evaluate whether the milestone conditions have been achieved and if it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur before recognizing the associated revenue. Milestone payments that are not within the Company’s control or the licensee’s control, such as regulatory approvals, are generally not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received.

Royalties –For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on a level of sales, which are the result of a customer-vendor relationship and for which the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company will recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied or partially satisfied. To date, the Company has not recognized any royalty revenue resulting from any of its licensing arrangements.

Significant Financing Component –In determining the transaction price, the Company will adjust consideration for the effects of the time value of money if the expected period between payment by the licensees and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the licensees will be more than one year.

The Company sells Biorphen in the U.S. to wholesale pharmaceutical distributors, who then sell the product to hospitals and other end-user customers. Sales to wholesalers are made pursuant to purchase orders subject to the terms of a master agreement, and delivery of individual shipments of Biorphen represent performance obligations under each purchase order. The Company uses a third-party logistics (“3PL”) vendor to process and fulfill orders and has concluded it is the principal in the sales to wholesalers because it controls access to the 3PL vendor services rendered and directs the 3PL vendor activities. The Company has no significant obligations to wholesalers to generate pull-through sales. In addition, the Company sells its Alkindi Sprinkle product to one pharmacy distributor customer which provides order fulfilment and inventory storage/distribution services.

Selling prices initially billed to wholesalers are subject to discounts for prompt payment and subsequent chargebacks when the wholesalers sell Biorphen at negotiated discounted prices to members of certain group purchasing organizations (“GPOs”) and government programs. In addition, the Company pays fees to wholesalers for their distribution services, inventory reporting and chargeback processing. The Company pays GPOs fees for administrative services and for access to GPO members and concluded the benefits received in exchange for these fees are not distinct from its sales of Biorphen, and accordingly it applies these amounts to reduce revenues. Wholesalers also have rights to return unsold product nearing or past the expiration date. Because of the shelf life of Biorphen and the Company’s lengthy return period, there may be a significant period of time between when the product is shipped and when it issues credits on returned product. For its Alkindi Sprinkle product, the Company bills at the initial product list price which are subject to offsets for patient co-pay assistance and potential state Medicaid reimbursements which are recorded as a reduction of net revenues at the date of sale/shipment.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

The Company estimates the transaction price when it receives each purchase order taking into account the expected reductions of the selling price initially billed to the wholesalerwholesaler/distributor arising from all of the above factors. The Company has developed estimates for future returns and chargebacks of Biorphen and the impact of the other discounts and fees it pays.pays while Alkindi Sprinkle sales to its distributor are not subject to returns. When estimating these adjustments to the transaction price, the Company reduces it sufficiently to be able to assert that it is probable that there will be no significant reversal of revenue when the ultimate adjustment amounts are known.

The Company recognizes revenue from Biorphen product sales and related cost of sales upon product delivery to the wholesaler location. At that time, the wholesalers take control of the product as they take title, bear the risk of loss of ownership, and have an enforceable obligation to pay the Company. They also have the ability to direct sales of product to their customers on terms and at prices they negotiate. Although wholesalers have product return rights, the Company does not believe they have a significant incentive to return the product.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes The Company stores its Alkindi Sprinkle inventory at its pharmacy distributor customer location and sales are recorded when stock is pulled and shipped to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)fulfill specific patient orders.

Upon recognition of revenue from product sales, of Biorphen, the estimated amounts of credit for product returns, chargebacks, distribution fees, prompt payment discounts, state Medicaid and GPO fees are included in sales reserves, accrued liabilities and net of accounts receivable. The Company monitors actual product returns, chargebacks, discounts and fees subsequent to the sale. If these amounts end up differing from its estimates, it will make adjustments to these allowances, which are applied to increase or reduce product sales revenue and earnings in the period of adjustment.

In addition, the Company anticipates it will receivereceives revenues from product licensing agreements where it has contracted for milestone payments and royalties from products it has developed or for which it has acquired the rights to a product developed by a third party.

Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 reflected $11,500 of licensing milestone fees, $254 in product sales and $143 in royalty revenue. Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 consisted solely of product sales.

Cost of Product Sales

Cost of product sales consists of the profit-sharing and royalty fees with the Company’s product licensing and development partners, the purchase costs for finished products from third-party manufacturers and freight and handling/storage costs from the Company’s 3PL logistics service provider.providers. The cost of sales for profit-sharing and royalty fees and costs for purchased finished products and the associated inbound freight expense is recorded when the associated product sale revenue is recognized in accordance with the terms of shipment to customers while outbound freight and handling/storage fees charged by the 3PL service provider are expensed as they are incurred. Cost of sales also reflects any write-downs or reserve adjustments for the Company’s inventories.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses include both internal R&D activities and external contracted services. Internal R&D activity expenses include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation and other costs to support the Company’s R&D operations. External contracted services include product development efforts includingsuch as certain product licensor milestone payments, clinical trial activities, manufacturing and control-related activities and regulatory costs. R&D expenses are charged to operations as incurred. The Company reviews and accrues R&D expenses based on services performed and relies upon estimates of those costs applicable to the stage of completion of each project. Significant judgments and estimates are made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates.

Upfront payments and milestone payments made for the licensing of technology onfor products whichthat are not yet approved by the FDA are expensed as R&D in the period in which they are incurred. Milestone payments for FDA-approved products are capitalized and amortized over the expected economic life of the product. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in R&D activities are recorded as prepaid expenses and are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares, such as unvested restricted stock, stock options and warrants, outstanding during the period. Common stock equivalents (using the treasury stock and “if converted” method) from stock options, unvested RSAs and RSUs, and warrants at March 31, 2020 and 2019 were 3,588,523 and 3,310,631, respectively, and are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because the effect is anti-dilutive. Included in the basic and diluted net loss per share calculation are RSUs awarded to directors that have vested, but the issuance and delivery of the common shares are deferred until the director retires from service as a director.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares, such as unvested restricted stock, stock options and warrants that are outstanding during the period. Common stock equivalents are excluded from the computation when their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. Common stock equivalents (using the treasury stock and “if converted” method) from stock options, unvested RSAs and warrants at March 31, 2021 were 2,093,952 and excluded 729,692 shares that were anti-dilutive. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, common stock equivalents of 3,588,523 are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because the effect is anti-dilutive. Included in the basic and diluted net income (loss) per share calculation are RSUs awarded to directors that have vested, but the issuance and delivery of the common shares are deferred until the director retires from service as a director (see Note 8).

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under the provisions of ASC 718 — Compensation — Stock Compensation. The guidance under ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of the stock-based compensation awards on the date of grant and record expense over the related service periods, which are generally the vesting period of the equity awards. The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based option awards using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model (“BSM”). The BSM requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility, the calculation of expected term, forfeitures and the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant, among other inputs. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields for zero-coupon U.S. government issues with a remaining term approximating the expected life of the options or warrants. Dividends on common stock are assumed to be zero for the BSM valuation of the stock options. The expected term of stock options granted is based on vesting periods and the contractual life of the options. Expected volatilities are based on comparable companies’ historical volatility along with a limited weighting included for the Company’s own volatility subsequent to its IPO, which management believes represents the most accurate basis for estimating expected future volatility under the current conditions. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. Since the IPO in November 2018, the Company has used the closing common stock price on the date of grant for the fair value of the common stock.

Fair Value Measurements

We measure certain of our assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value accounting requires characterization of the inputs used to measure fair value into a three-level fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1 — Inputs based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market is a market in which transactions occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

Level 2— Observable inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent from the entity.

Level 3— Unobservable inputs that reflect the entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available.

Fair value measurements are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, which may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The determination of the fair values stated below take into account the market for the Company’s financials, assets and liabilities, the associated credit risk and other factors as required. The Company considers active markets as those in which transactions for the assets or liabilities occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

The Company’s financial instruments included cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and long-term debt obligation. The carrying amounts of these financial instruments, except for the long-term debt obligation, approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company, the carrying value of the long-term debt obligation approximates its fair value.

Impact of New Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). The new guidance removes, modifies, and adds to certain disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2020 which did not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

In December 2019,The Company’s financial instruments included cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, PPP loan and long-term debt obligation. The carrying amounts of these financial instruments, except for the PPP loan and long-term debt obligation, approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company, the carrying value of the PPP loan and long-term debt obligation approximate their fair values.

Impact of New Accounting Pronouncements

There were no new accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifyingduring the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new guidance removes certain exceptionscurrent period that would apply to the general principles of ASC 740 in order to simplify the complexities of its application. These changes include eliminations to the exceptions for intraperiod tax allocation, recognizing deferred tax liabilities related to outside basis differences,Company and year-to-date losses in interim periods, among others. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2020 which did not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing date of this Form 10-Q and has determined that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the condensed financial statements or disclosure in the notes thereto.

Note 4 – Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:

Depreciation expense for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $84 and 2019 was $87, respectively. The balances at March 31, 2021 reflect the reclassification of laboratory equipment held for sale which had a net book value of $551. The Company expects to complete the sale of this equipment in May 2021.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and $22, respectively.per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 5 — Long Term Debt

SWK Loan

On November 13, 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “SWK Credit Agreement”) with SWK Holdings Corporation (“SWK”) which providesprovided for up to $10,000 in financing. The Company received proceeds of $5,000 at closing and was able to borrow an additional $5,000 upon the FDA approval of a second product developed by the Company, excluding EM-100. In March 2020, in conjunction with the Company’s Alkindi Sprinkle product licensing agreement (see Note 11) and the Company’s March 2020 sale of additional shares of its common stock, (see Note 6), the Company and SWK amended the SWK Credit Agreement. The amendment providesprovided the Company with the option to immediately draw $2,000 as of now and canthe ability to borrow an additional $3,000 based upon the FDA approval of both its EM-100 product candidate and another one of its other product candidates.Alkindi Sprinkle which subsequently occurred in September 2020. Accordingly, the Company borrowed an additional $2,000 on August 11, 2020. The term of the SWK Credit Agreement is for five years and borrowings bear interest at a rate of LIBOR 3-month plus 10.0%, subject to a stated LIBOR floor rate of 2.0%. A 2.0% unused credit limit fee is assessed during the first twelve months after the date of the SWK Credit Agreement and loan fees include a 5.0% exit fee based on the principal amounts drawn which is payable at the end of the term of the SWK Credit Agreement. The Company is required to maintain a minimum cash balance of $3,000, will only pay interest on the debt until May 2021February14, 2022 and then will pay 4.0%5.5% of the loan principal balance commencing on MayFebruary 15, 20212022 and then every three months thereafter until November 13, 2024 at which time the remaining principal balance is due. Borrowings under the SWK Credit Agreement are secured by the Company’s assets. The SWK Credit Agreement contains customary default provisions and covenants which include limits on additional indebtedness. In March 2020, SWK provided a waiver for the Company to obtain loans with the Small Business Association, if available.Association. The Company will negotiateis currently in the process of negotiating covenant targets for EBITDA and revenue within 180 days of the date offor the SWK Credit Agreement. In February 2021, the Company notified SWK that it will not require additional borrowing capacity under the SWK Credit Agreement and terminated the additional borrowing capacity with SWK.

In connection with the SWK Credit Agreement,initial $5,000 borrowed in November 2019, the Company issued warrants to SWK to purchase 51,239 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “SWK Warrants”) with an exercise price of $5.86 per share. The SWK Warrantsrelative fair value of these 51,239 warrants was $226 and was estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model with the following assumptions: fair value of the Company’s common stock at issuance of $5.75 per share; seven-year contractual term; 95% volatility; 0% dividend rate; and a risk-free interest rate of 1.8%.

In connection with the additional $2,000 borrowed in August 2020, the Company issued warrants for 18,141 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $6.62 per share. The relative fair value of the 18,141 warrants was $94 and was estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model with the following assumptions: fair value of the Company’s common stock at issuance of $6.85 per share; seven-year contractual term; 95% volatility; 0% dividend rate; and a risk-free interest rate of 0.4%.

These warrants (the “SWK Warrants”) are exercisable immediately and have a term of seven years.years from the date of issuance. The SWK Warrants are subject to a cashless exercise feature, with the exercise price and number of shares issuable upon exercise subject to change in connection with stock splits, dividends, reclassifications and other conditions.

Interest expense of $264 was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2021, which included $36 of debt discount amortization. Interest expense of $195 was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020, which included $27 of debt discount amortization. As of March 31, 2021, $62 of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 5 — Long Term Debt (continued)

Interest expenses of $195 was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020, which included $27 of debt discount amortization. As of March 31, 2020, $58 of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities and $3 is included as a component of long-term debt.

The table below reflects the future payments for the SWK loan principal and interest as of March 31, 2020.2021.

PPP loan

On May 4, 2020, the Company received $361 in loan proceeds under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) from the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) through its banking relationship with Bank of America. The loan bears a 1.0% annual interest rate and is payable in monthly installments commencing in November 2020, subject to a payment deferral period until August 2021 which the Company has elected to use, until the loan is paid in full on May 4, 2022. The Company recorded $1 in interest expense for the period ended March 31, 2021. The Company has applied for 100% forgiveness of the loan as permitted under the applicable SBA guidelines for PPP loans and is awaiting a final determination by the SBA.

EIDL loan

On July 21, 2020, the Company received $150 in loan proceeds under the Economic Injury Disaster Loan program (“EIDL”) from the SBA. The loan bears a 3.75% annual interest rate and is payable in monthly installments commencing on July 21, 2021 until paid in full on July 21, 2050. The Company recorded $1 in interest expense for the period ended March 31, 2021.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 6 — Common Stock

The Company has 50,000,000 authorized shares of $0.001 par value common stock under its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

In March 2020, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with various investors and sold 2,500,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $3.00 per share and received $7,459 in net proceeds after deducting issuance costs associated with the sale.

In March 2020, the Company issued 379,474 shares of its common stock to Diurnal Limited (“Diurnal”) as a milestone fee for acquiring the U.S. marketing rights to Alkindi Sprinkle®, an orphan drug product currently under review with the FDA (see Note 11). The shares were valued at $1,264 based on the Company’s closing stock price on the date of issuance and this amount was recorded as a component of the Company’s research and development expense and an addition to its paid-in-capital.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020,2021, the Company issued 5,00075,000 shares of its common stock resulting from stock option exercises under its 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (see Note 8).

On April 2, 2020,During the three months ended March 31, 2021, a holder of the Company’s common stock warrants exercised 135,650 warrants on a cashless basis and the Company issued 100,00094,808 shares of its common stock to an investor and received $300 in net proceeds (see Note 12 – Subsequent Events).connection with the warrant exercise. The intrinsic value of the warrant exercise was $806.

Note 7 — Common Stock Warrants

The Company’s outstanding warrants to purchase shares of its common stock at March 31, 20202021 are summarized in the table below.

The holders of these warrants or their permitted transferees, are entitled to rights with respect to the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) for their shares that are converted to common stock, including demand registration rights and piggyback registration rights. These rights are provided under the terms of a registration rights agreement between the Company and the investors.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 8 — Share-Based Payment Awards

The Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved the Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan in May 2017 (the “2017 Plan”), which authorized the issuance of up to 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. In conjunction with the Company’s IPO in November 2018, the Company’s stockholders and board of directors approved the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) which succeeded the 2017 Plan. The Company has granted restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) for its common stock under the 2017 Plan and 2018 Plan as detailed in the tables below. There were 638,4361,370,758 shares available for future issuance under the 2018 Plan as of March 31, 2020.2021.

Shares that are expired, terminated, surrendered or canceled without having been fully exercised will be available for future awards under the 2018 Plan. In addition, the 2018 Plan provides that commencing January 1, 2019 and through January 1, 2028, the share reserve will be increased annually by 4% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding as of the preceding December 31, subject to a reduction at the discretion of the Company’s board of directors. The exercise price for stock options granted is not less than the fair value of common stock as determined by the board of directors as of the date of grant. The Company uses the closing stock price on the date of grant as the exercise price.

During the third quarter of 2017, the Company issued 25,000 RSU’s to each of its four outside directors (100,000 total share units). The RSU’s issued to the outside directors were 100% vested at June 30, 2018. The associated 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock will not be issued until the individual director retires from service from the Company’s board of directors. The Company has not issued any additional RSU’s.

To date, all stock options issued have been non-qualified stock options, and the exercise prices were set at the fair value for the shares at the dates of grant. Options typically have a ten-year life, except for options to purchase 50,000 shares of the Company’s common stock granted to product consultants in July 2017 that expire within five years if the Company is not able to file certain product submissions to the FDA prior to the five-year expiration date. Furthermore, these option awards to the Company’s product consultants do not vest unless certain product submissions are made to the FDA, and accordingly, the Company has not recorded any expense for these contingently vesting option awards to its product consultants.

For the three months ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the Company’s total stock-based compensation expense was $365$673 and $345,$365, respectively. Of these amounts, $325$581 and $269$325 was recorded in general and administrative expenses, respectively, and $40$92 and $76$40 was recorded in research and development expenses, respectively.

A summary of stock option activity is as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the fair value of the Company’s common stock for those stock options that had strike prices lower than the fair value of the Company’s common stock.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 8 — Share-Based Payment Awards (continued)

The assumptions used to calculate the fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020 under the BSM were as follows:

Expected Term — The Company has opted to use the “simplified method” for estimating the expected term of options granted to employees and directors, whereby the expected term equals the arithmetic average of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the option (generally ten years). The expected term of options granted to non-employees equals the contractual life of the options.

Expected Volatility — Due to the Company’s limited operating history and a lack of Company-specific historical and implied volatility data, the Company has based its estimate of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a group of similar companies that are publicly traded. The Company has continued this methodology plus given some limited weighting to its own volatility in the periods subsequent to its November 2018 IPO. The historical volatility data was computed using the daily closing prices for the selected companies’ shares during the equivalent period of the calculated expected term of the stock-based awards.

Risk-Free Interest Rate — The risk-free rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments with maturities similar to the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

Expected Dividend — The Company has not issued any dividends in its history and does not expect to issue dividends over the life of the options and therefore has estimated the dividend yield to be zero.

Fair Value of Common Stock —The Company uses the closing stock price on the date of grant for the fair value of the common stock.

As of March 31, 2020,2021, there was a total of $5,371$3,749 of unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested stock option awards. In the three-month period ended March 31, 2021, stock option exercises totaled 75,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.38 per share with an intrinsic value of $416. In the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, stock option exercises totaled 5,000 shares at an exercise price of $6.20 per share with an intrinsic value of $3. There was one stock option exercise for 20,000 shares during the three months ended March 31, 2019 at an exercise price of $0.21 per share with an intrinsic value of $120.

In December 2018, the Company’s board of directors adopted an initial offering of the Company’s common stock under the Company’s 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The Company’s ESPP provides for an initial reserve of 150,000 shares and this reserve is automatically increased on January 1 of each year by the lesser of 1% of the outstanding common shares at December 31 of the preceding year or 150,000 shares, subject to reduction at the discretion of the Company’s board of directors. As of March 31, 2020,2021, there were 405,115529,335 shares available for issuance under the ESPP.

The initial offering of the ESPP began on December 17, 2018 and ended on December 10, 2019. The annual offerings consist of two stock purchase periods, with the first purchase period ending in June and the second purchase period ending in December. The terms of the ESPP permit employees of the Company to use payroll deductions to purchase stock at a price per share that is at least the lesser of (1) 85% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the first date of an offering or (2) 85% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of purchase. After the initial offering period ended, subsequent twelve-month offering periods automatically commence over the term of the ESPP on the day that immediately follows the conclusion of the preceding offering, each consisting of two purchase periods approximately six months in duration.

In accordance with the June and December stock purchase periods for the ESPP, there were no share issuances in the first three months of 2021 or 2020. The weighted average grant date fair value of share awards in 2021 and 2020 was $2.29 and $2.64, respectively. Employees contributed $80 and $50 via payroll deductions during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recorded an expense of $19 and $21 related to the ESPP in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the accompanying condensed balance sheets include $99 and $18, respectively, in accrued liabilities for remaining employee ESPP contributions.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 8 — Share-Based Payment Awards (continued)

In accordance with the June and December stock purchase periods for the ESPP, there were no share issuances in the first three months of 2020 or 2019. The weighted average grant date fair value of share awards in 2020 and 2019 was $2.64 and $2.59, respectively. Employees contributed $50 and $88 via payroll deductions during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company recorded an expense of $21 and $42 related to the ESPP in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the accompanying condensed balance sheets include $58 and $16, respectively, in accrued liabilities for remaining employee ESPP contributions.

Note 9 — Related Party Transactions

Harrow

Harrow was issued 3,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at the formation of the Company at the $0.001 par value per share price as the paid-in-capital contribution from Harrow. The Company and Harrow signed licensing agreements for two products developed by Harrow whereby Harrow assigned the product rights to the Company. In July 2018, the Company determined that one of the products was not viable for its portfolio of product opportunities and cancelled the licensing agreement whereby Harrow retains the product rights.

On May 6, 2019, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “CT-100 Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Harrow. Pursuant to the CT-100 Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company sold all of its right, title and interest in CT-100 to Harrow, including any such product that incorporates or utilizes its intellectual property rights (a “Product” or, collectively, “Products”). Pursuant to the CT-100 Asset Purchase Agreement, Harrow will make certain payments to the Company upon the achievement of certain development and commercial milestones. In addition, Harrow is required to pay the Company a royalty in the low-single digit percentage range worldwide on a country-by-country basis on net sales for a period of the longer of 15 years from the date of the first commercial sale of a product in a particular country or the time that a valid intellectual property claim on such Product remains in force in the applicable country. The CT-100 Asset Purchase Agreement also contains customary representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities by the parties.

As part of the early start-up for the Company’s pharmaceutical business in 2017, key executives at Harrow received a total of 1,500,000 shares of restricted common stock in the Company for consulting services, and certain Harrow managers also received stock options to purchase a total of 130,000 shares of common stock from the Company (20,000 of these options were forfeited in 2018). The restricted stock and stock options vested in full on April 30, 2018.

Additionally, the Chief Executive Officer of Harrow iswas a member of the Company’s board of directors.directors until March 17, 2021 when he retired from service with the board.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 9 — Related Party Transactions (continued)

Chief Executive Officer

The Company’s CEO has a partial interest in several companiesa company that the Company is workinghas partnered with for its EM-100 product development and potential marketing if the products are approved by the FDA as detaileddescribed below.

The Company acquired the exclusive rights to sell the EM-100 product in the United States pursuant to a sales and marketing agreement (the “Eyemax Agreement”) dated August 11, 2017 between the Company and Eyemax LLC (“Eyemax”), an entity affiliated with the Company’s CEO. The Company also held a right of first refusal to obtain the exclusive license rights for geographic areas outside of the United States. Pursuant to the Eyemax Agreement, the Company iswas responsible for all costs of testing and FDA approval of the product, other than the FDA filing fee which will bewas paid by Eyemax. The Company was also to be responsible for commercializing the product in the United States at its expense. The Company paid Eyemax $250 upon execution of the Eyemax Agreement, which was recorded as a component of R&D expense. Under the terms of the original agreement, the Company would pay Eyemax $250 upon FDA approval and $500 upon the first commercial sale of the product and pay Eyemax a royalty of 10% on the net sales of all products. The Eyemax Agreement was for an initial term of 10 years from the date of the Eyemax Agreement, subject to successive two-year renewals unless the Company elected to terminate the Eyemax Agreement. There were no amounts due under the terms of the Eyemax Agreement as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

On February 18, 2019, The Company entered into an Amended and Restated Agreement with Eyemax amending the SalesEyemax Agreement (the “Amended Agreement”). Pursuant to the Amended Agreement, Eyemax sold the Company all of its right, title and interest in EM-100, including any such product that incorporates or utilizes Eyemax’s intellectual property rights. Under the Amended Agreement, the Company assumed certain liabilities of Eyemax under its Exclusive Development & Supply Agreement with Excelvision SAS dated as of July 11, 2013, as amended (the “Excelvision Agreement”), with respect to certain territories and arising during certain time periods. Pursuant to the Amended Agreement, the Company remainswas obligated to pay Eyemax two milestonesmilestone payments: (i) one milestone payment for $250 upon regulatory approval in the territory by the FDA of the first single agent product which was paid in October 2020 and (ii) one milestone payment for $500 following the first commercial sale of the first single agent product in the territory.territory which was paid in February 2021. Following payment of the milestones, the Company is entitled to retain all of the non-royalty transaction revenues and royalties up to $2,000 (the “Recovery Amount”). After the Company has retained the full Recovery Amount, it is entitled to retain half of all royalty and non-royalty transaction revenue. The Amended Agreement also contains customary representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities by the parties. The EM-100 asset and its associated product rights were sold to Bausch Health on February 18, 2019 and future potential royalties of twelve percent of net sales ofon Bausch Health sales of EM-100, pending anwhich was approved by the FDA approval for EM-100,in September 2020, will be split between Eyemax and the Company. The royalty from Bausch Health is subject to reduction if a competitive product with the same active pharmaceutical ingredient is launched in the U.S. or if the EM-100 U.S market share falls below a specified target percentage. There were no amounts due to Eyemax under the terms of the Amended Agreement as of March 31, 20202021 or December 31, 2019.

The Company had acquired the exclusive rights to sell the DS-100 product in the United States pursuant to an exclusive development and supply agreement (the “Andersen Agreement”) dated July 9, 2017 between the Company and Andersen Pharma, LLC (“Andersen”), an entity affiliated with the Company’s CEO. The Company also held an option to purchase the DS-100 product and all related intellectual property and government approvals at a price of one dollar. Pursuant to the Andersen Agreement, Andersen was responsible for obtaining FDA approval at its expense and manufacturing the product for sale to the Company at its cost. The Company was responsible for commercializing the product in the United States at its expense. The Company paid Andersen $750 upon execution of the Andersen Agreement, which was recorded as a component of R&D expense and was to pay Andersen $750 upon successful completion of three registration batches of product, $750 upon submission of a New Drug Application (“NDA”) and $750 upon FDA approval. The Company was also required to pay Andersen 50% of the net profit from the sale of the product. The Andersen Agreement was for an initial term of five years from the first commercial sale of the product, subject to successive two-year renewals unless either party elected to terminate the Andersen Agreement. There were no amounts due under the terms of the Andersen Agreement as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019. The aforementioned option to purchase the product and all related intellectual property and government approvals was considered to represent variable interest in the affiliated entity. The affiliated entity was not considered to be a variable interest entity. In April 2020, the Company terminated the Andersen Agreement with no payments due to Andersen.2020.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 9 — Related Party Transactions (continued)

The Company acquired the DS-200 product and all related intellectual property and government approvals pursuant to an asset purchase agreement (the “Selenix Agreement”) dated June 23, 2017 between the Company and Selenix LLC (“Selenix”), an entity affiliated with the Company’s CEO. Pursuant to the Selenix Agreement, the Company paid Selenix $1,500 at signing, which was recorded as a component of R&D expense and paid $1,500 in April 2019 upon submission of an NDA on March 13, 2019 which was reflected as a component of R&D expense in 2019. The Company will pay $1,000 upon FDA approval of the DS-200 product. The Company has also agreed to pay Selenix 50% of the net profit from the sale of the product for the first 10 years following the date of the Selenix Agreement. There were no amounts due under the terms of the Selenix Agreement as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

Note 10 — Leases

The Company recognizes a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for substantially all leases, including operating leases. The Companyleases, and separates lease components from non-lease components related to its office space lease.

The Company does not have any lease contracts that contain: (1) an option to extend that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, (2) an option to terminate that the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise, or (3) an option to extend (or not to terminate) in which exercise of the option is controlled by the lessor. Additionally, the Company does not have any leases with residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets have been recorded based on the present value of the future lease payments over the expected lease term. One of the Company’s lease agreements contains provisions for escalating rent payments over the term of the lease.

The Company’s leases do not contain readily determinable implicit discount rates, and therefore, the Company was required to use its incremental borrowing rate of 7.8% to discount the future lease payments based on information available at lease commencement. The incremental borrowing rate was estimated by determining the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.

The Company’s operating lease cost as presented in the “Research and Development” and “General and Administrative” captions in the condensed statements of operations was $9 and $21, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and $14 and $21, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $14 and $23, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2019.2020. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $32$24 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.2021. The ROU asset amortization for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $29 and 2019 was $31, and $30, respectively, and is reflected within depreciation and amortization on the Company’s condensed statements of cash flows. As of March 31, 2020,2021, the weighted-average remaining lease term was 1.02.0 years, and the weighted-average incremental borrowing rate was 7.8%5.4%.

The table below presents the lease-related assets and liabilities recorded on the balance sheet as of March 31, 20202021 (in thousands).

The Company’s future lease commitments for its administrative offices in Deer Park, Illinois and its laboratory facility in Lake Zurich, Illinois as of March 31, 2020 are2021 is as indicated below:

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 11 — Commitments and Contingencies

Legal

The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims that may arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation matters at this time that may have a material impact on the operations of the Company.

On May 7, 2020, the Company announced that it has been confirmed as the first filer of a patent challenge against Exela Pharma Science’s Elcys product (cysteine hydrochloride injection).

License and product development agreements

The Company has entered into various agreements in addition to those discussed above which are described below.

The Company acquired the exclusive rights to sell the DS-300Cysteine injection product in the United States pursuant to a sales and marketing agreement dated November 17, 2017 with an unaffiliated third party (the “Sales Agreement”). Pursuant to the Sales Agreement, the licensor is responsible for obtaining FDA approval, at its expense, and the Company is responsible for commercializing the product in the United States at its expense. The Company willwas to pay the third party 50% of the net profit from the sale of the product.product, however, in February 2020, it executed an amendment to the Sales and Marketing Agreement. Under the revised terms, the Company will be responsible for paragraph IV related litigation and will be entitled to 62.5% of product profit. The initial term is for the first 10 years following the first commercial sale of the product.

The Company acquired the exclusive license to develop, manufacture and sell ET-103 in the United States pursuant to an Exclusive License and Supply Agreement dated August 3, 2018 between the Company and Liqmeds Worldwide Limited (“LMW”), an unaffiliated entity. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company will be responsible for, and will own, all regulatory filings and approvals at its expense, provided that it shall have the right to recoup 35% of any regulatory filing fees from the initial profits from the sale of ET-103 and, provided further, the licensor shall be responsible for any bioequivalence study and shall be responsible for 60% of the costs of such study. An affiliate of the licensor shall manufacture the ET-103 and sell it to the Company at its cost. The Company paid the licensor $350 upon execution of the agreement and will pay the licensor $1,500 upon the FDA’s acceptance of an NDA for review, $1,000 upon FDA approval, $1,500 upon issuance of patent covering ET-103 listed in the FDA’s Orange Book and $500 in the event of product sales in excess of $10,000 in any calendar year. In addition, the Company is required to pay the licensor 35% of the net profit from product sales. The license agreement is for an initial term of 10 years from the date of the first commercial sale of the product, subject to two-year renewals unless either party elects to terminate no less than 12 months prior to the then current term. The agreement also contains customary representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities by the parties.

On January 23, 2019, the Company entered into a Licensing and Supply Agreement (the “Agreement”) with LMW for ET-104 oral liquid, a development stage product candidate (“ET-104”). Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, the Company will be responsible for regulatory and marketing activities. LMW will be responsible for development and manufacturing of ET-104. The Company paid the licensor $350 upon execution of the Agreement and an additional $350 after receiving successful bioequivalence study results, and will pay $325 upon the FDA’s acceptance of an NDA for review, $325 upon FDA approval of the NDA, $650 upon issuance of patent covering ET-104 listed in the FDA’s Orange Book and $500 in the event that product sales in excess of $10,000 are achieved within a calendar year. In addition, the Company is required to pay the licensor 35% of the net profit from product sales. The Agreement is for an initial term of 10 years from the date of the first commercial sale of the product. The Company will retain sole ownership of the NDA after expiration of the Agreement.

On February 8, 2019, the Company entered into an Exclusive Licensing and Supply Agreement (the “ET-202 License Agreement”) with Sintetica SA (“Sintetica”) for marketing rights in the United States to Biorphen® which is used for the treatment of clinically important hypotension resulting primarily from vasodilation in the setting of anesthesia. The product was submitted to the FDA for review and subsequently received FDA approval on October 21, 2019. Pursuant to the terms of the ET-202 License Agreement, the Company is responsible for marketing activities and Sintetica is responsible for development, manufacturing, and the regulatory activities for the product. In 2019, therelated to approval. The Company paid Sintetica a licensing payment of $2,000 upon execution of the ET-202 License Agreement and paid $750 upon the commencement of commercial product shipments. Sintetica supplieswill supply Biorphen to the Company at its direct costs and the Company retainswill retain 5% of net sales as a marketing fee. Sintetica is entitled to receive the first $500 of product profits. All additional profit will be split 50% to the Company and 50% to Sintetica. The ET-202 License Agreement has a ten-year term commencing onfrom the first commercial sale of Biorphen which occurred in November 26, 2019.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 11 — Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

On February 8, 2019, the Company also entered into an Exclusive Licensing and Supply Agreement (the “ET-203 License Agreement”) with Sintetica for marketing rights in the United States to ET-203,ephedrine, an injectable product candidate for use in the hospital setting. Pursuant to the terms of the ET-203 License Agreement, the Company will be responsible for marketing activities and Sintetica will be responsible for development, manufacturing, and regulatory activities related to obtaining regulatory approval. The Company paid Sintetica a licensing payment of $1,000 upon execution of the ET-203 License Agreement which was refunded to Eton in early 2020 due to the FDA not accepting the ET-203 file submission by Sintetica. The refund was reflected as a component of prepaid and other current assets on the Company’s balance sheet at December 31, 2019. The ET-203 product was successfully resubmitted in late 2020 and the Company will pay a $600 milestone fee and will also pay $750 upon FDA approval and the commercial sale of the product candidate. Upon approval, Sintetica will supply ET-203 to the Company at its direct costs. The Company will retain 5% of net sales as a marketing fee. Sintetica will be entitled to receive the first $500 of product profits. All additional profit will be split 50% to the Company and 50% to Sintetica. The ET-203 License Agreement has a ten-year term from first commercial sale of product.

The three oral solution pediatric neurology product candidates discussed below, Topiramate, Zonisamide and Lamotrigine were developed by the Company and its various product candidate development partners and the Company subsequently sold all its rights and interests in these three products to Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Azurity”) in 2021.

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company worked with Tulex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Tulex”) as a third-party contract manufacturer to develop an oral solution for Topiramate (fka ET-101) which targets a neurological condition. The Company subsequently filed the product with the FDA in October 2020 and paid a $1,438 filing fee.

Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 11 — Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

On January 23, 2019, the Company entered into a Licensing and Supply Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Liqmeds Worldwide Limited (“LMW”) for Zonisamide oral liquid, a development stage product candidate (“ET-104”). Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, the Company was to be responsible for regulatory and marketing activities. LMW will be responsible for development and manufacturing of ET-104. The Company paid the licensor $350 upon execution of the Agreement and an additional $350 after receiving successful bioequivalence study results, and $325 upon the FDA’s acceptance of the NDA for review and will pay $325 upon FDA approval of the NDA, $650 upon issuance of patent covering ET-104 listed in the FDA’s Orange Book and $500 in the event that product sales in excess of $10,000 were achieved within a calendar year. In addition, the Company was required to pay the licensor 35% of the net profit from product sales. The Agreement was for an initial term of 10 years from the date of the first commercial sale of the product. The Company was to retain sole ownership of the NDA after expiration of the Agreement.

On June 12, 2019, the Company entered into an Exclusive Licensing and Supply Agreement (the “ET-105 License Agreement”) with Aucta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Aucta”) for marketing rights in the United States to ET-105, aLamotrigine, an oral suspension product candidate for use as an adjunct therapy for partial seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and generalized seizures of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients two years of age and older. Pursuant to the terms of the ET-105 License Agreement, the Company willwas to be responsible for marketing activities and Aucta will be responsible for development, manufacturing, and regulatory activities related to obtaining regulatory approval. The Company paid Aucta a licensing payment of $2,000 in August 2019 upon receiving an acceptance for review letter from the FDA and will pay $2,000$2,450 upon FDA approval and commercial sales of the product candidate and another $1,000 upon issuance of an Orange-book listed patent. If Aucta successfully completes a Lamotrigine product line extension product, Eton will pay $1,500 upon FDA acceptance of the product filing and $1,950 upon FDA approval and commercial sales of the extension product candidate. Aucta will receive a fifteen percentlow double-digit royalty on net sales and will be entitled to receive milestone payments of up to $18,000 based on commercial success of the product, including:

Eton will remain responsible for certain licensing fee obligations owed to its development partners and Azurity will assume royalty or profit share obligations owed to development partners.

On March 27, 2020, the Company entered into an Exclusive Licensing and Supply Agreement (the “Alkindi License Agreement”) with Diurnal for marketing Alkindi Sprinkle in the United States. Alkindi Sprinkle’s New Drug Application (NDA) is currently under review withwas approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for approvalFDA on September 29, 2020 as a replacement therapy for pediatric adrenal insufficiency (AI), including congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in patients from birth to less than 17 years of age. The application has been assigned a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date of September 29, 2020.

For the initial licensing milestone fee, the Company paid Diurnal $3,500 in cash and issued 379,474 shares of its common stock to Diurnal which waswere valued at $1,264 based on the Company’s closing stock price of $3.33 on March 26, 2020 (see Note 6).2020. The total amount of $4,764 was recorded as a component of research and development expense in the Company’s condensed statement of operations for the periodthree months ended March 31, 2020. The Company will also pay Diurnal $2,500 if the product obtains orphan drug exclusivity status from the FDA.

IndemnificationsIndemnification

As permitted under Delaware law and in accordance with the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws, the Company is required to indemnify its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is or was serving in such capacity. The Company is also party to indemnification agreements with its directors and officers. The Company believes the fair value of the indemnification rights and agreements is minimal. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any liabilities for these indemnification rights and agreements as of March 31, 20202021 or December 31, 2019.

Note 12 — Subsequent Events

On April 2, 2020, the Company sold 100,000 shares of its common stock to an investment fund at a price of $3.00 per share and received net proceeds of $300.

On May 4, 2020, the Company entered into a promissory note agreement with Bank of America, NA (the “Loan”) under the Paycheck Protection Program (“the PPP”) which is administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration. The Company received $361 in proceeds from the Loan which has a two-year term and accrues interest at the rate of 1.0% per annum and is obligated to make equal monthly payments of principal and interest, beginning seven months from the date of the loan until the maturity date. Under the PPP, the Company may apply for and be granted forgiveness for all or part of the PPP Loan.2020.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with (i) our unaudited interim condensed financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (ii) our audited financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations Included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 5, 202016, 2021 (the “2019“2020 10-K”).

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or future strategies that are signified by the words “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “may,” “plan”, “seek” or similar language. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider other matters set forth in our SEC filings including the Risk Factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A of our 20192020 10-K.

Overview

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing innovative pharmaceutical products and we have particularly targeted hospital injectable and pediatric rare disease products. We seek to improve the formula, delivery system, or safety of existing molecules in order to address unmet patient needs. We pursue what we perceive to be low-risk candidates where existing published literature, historical clinical trials, or physician usage has established safety and/or efficacy of the molecule, thereby reducing the incremental clinical burden required for us to bring the product to patients.

In October 2019, we received FDA approval for Biorphen® which we are marketing in the United States. Biorphen (phenylephrine HCl injection) is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension resulting primarily from vasodilation in the setting of anesthesia. In September 2020, the FDA approved our Alkindi Sprinkle product as a replacement therapy for pediatric adrenal insufficiency (AI), including congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in patients from birth to less than 17 years of age. In addition, the FDA approved EM-100, an eye allergy product which we sold to Bausch Health whereby we will receive royalties on sales of EM-100 which was launched in late January 2021. We received a $1,500 milestone payment from Bausch in accordance with the product launch for EM-100. In February 2021, we sold three pediatric neurology products we had under development to Azurity Pharmaceuticals (“Azurity”) and received $9,500 in proceeds. We anticipate additional revenues from Azurity based on various product-related milestones including the commercial launch for these products which are currently under review with the FDA.

We have established a diversified pipeline of product candidates in various stages of development, including multiple candidates that have been submitted to the FDA for review. Our product candidates are primarily focused on two core areas: hospital-based products and pediatric oral liquid products. We believe these candidates can address situations where patient needs are not being met by current FDA-approved products.

Results of Operations

We received FDA approvalhad total revenue of $11,897 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2021 which reflected the Azurity and Bausch milestones revenue discussed above plus product sales and royalty revenues which generated a total gross profit of $10,307 for the period. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 we had $99 of sales from our Biorphen®Biorphen product in October 2019 and began commercializing the product in December 2019. Biorphen sales are currently our only sourceat a negative gross profit of revenue, however we expect to receive revenue from additional products in the latter part of 2020 and beyond. (Note: Dollar amounts are listed in thousands below).$3.

Research and Development Expenses

For the three-month periods ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, we incurred $6,268$886 and $6,465$6,268 of research and development expenses (“R&D”), respectively. The 2021 period reflected a reduced overall R&D activity while the 2020 period includesincluded $4,764 in expense for the licensing payments for the U.S. rights to Alkindi® Sprinkle and the 2019 period includes $3,000 for licensing payments related to related to the U.S. rights for Biorphen and ET-203.Sprinkle. The full comparative three-month detail of our R&D expense is listed in the table below and reflects an overall $197$5,382 lower expense level in 2020 mainly due $435 in reduced overall product milestone spending partially offset by increased compensation expense in March 2020.2021 as we are focusing on commercial development of our Alkindi Sprinkle and Biorphen products at this time.

Set forth in the table below is our research and development spending for our current product candidates and general product development expenses for the three-month periods ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019. We currently have five employees that support our overall product development and laboratory product testing operations.2020. We do not track internal costs by product for our employees and laboratory expenses and they are listed as indirect expenses in the table below. In March 2021, we decided to discontinue our laboratory product testing operations and anticipate completing a sale of our laboratory equipment in May 2021.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses consist primarily of employee compensation expenses, legal and professional fees, product marketing expenses, distribution expenses, business insurance, travel expenses and general office expenses.

For the three-month periods ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, we incurred $2,610$4,058 and $1,589,$2,610, respectively, of G&A expenses. The $1,021$1,448 increase in G&A expense was mainly due to $268$573 in increased compensation expenses $538and $969 in higher product marketing/distribution expenses mainly related to Biorphen commercialization, and $178 of increasedAlkindi Sprinkle commercialization. This was partially offset by decreased legal expenses mainly due to less activity associated with our initiating a Paragraph IV patent challenge related to one of our product candidates.L-Cysteine.

Interest and other (expense) incomeexpense, net

In comparing the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, net interestinterest/other expense increased by $312$79 primarily as a result of $195 inhigher interest expense associated with increased borrowings under our SWK Credit agreement and $117 in reduced interest income due to lower interest rates and lower levels of cash and cash equivalents in 2020.agreement.

We realized net income of $5,116 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and incurred a net loss of $9,049 and $7,410 for the three-month periodsperiod ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.due to the factors discussed above.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 20202021 and 2019:2020:

The increase in cash used inprovided by (used in) operating activities was primarilymainly a result of higher operating losses duethe net income in the 2021 period partially offset by changes in working capital as compared to increased G&A spending, inventory stocking for Biorphen to support expected sales demand, and the timing for FDA filing fees and product development milestone disbursements. Investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures for setting up our new laboratory facilitynet loss in 2019.the 2020 period. The 2020 financing activity was primarily the result of the sales of our common stock in March 2020.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our condensed financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of our condensed financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, costs and expenses in our condensed financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 3 to our financial statements included herein, we believe that the following accounting policies are those most critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenues for the first three months of 2020 for $99 resulted from our sales of our Biorphen product which we launched in December 2019 and sales for the three months ended March 31, 2019 of $500 resulted from the sale of our EM-100 product rights to Bausch Health Ireland Limited (“Bausch”) per an Asset Purchase Agreement dated February 18, 2019 (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”). We expect to generate future revenues from direct sales of our FDA-approved Biorphen® product as well as products we have in development which will typically require advance review and approval by the FDA. Additionally, we anticipate we will receive revenues from product licensing agreements where we have contracted for milestone payments and royalties from products we have developed or for which we have acquired the rights to a product developed by a third party.

We account for contracts with our customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards. Under ASC 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and determinedetermines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. We then recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. Arrangements that include rights to additional goods or services that are exercisable at a customer’s discretion are generally considered options. We assess ifwhether these options provide a material right to the customer and, if so, they are considered performance obligations. The exercise of a material right is accounted for as a contract modification for accounting purposes.

We recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over time, and if over time this is based on the use of an output or input method. Any amounts received prior to revenue recognition will be recorded as deferred revenue. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within the twelve months following the balance sheet date will be classified as current portion of deferred revenue in the Company’s consolidatedour balance sheets. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the twelve months following the balance sheet date are classified as long-term deferred revenue, net of current portion.

Milestone Payments – If a commercial contract arrangement includes development and regulatory milestone payments, we will evaluate whether the milestone conditions have been achieved and if it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur before recognizing the associated revenue. Milestone payments that are not within our control or the licensee’s control, such as regulatory approvals, are generally not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received.

Royalties –For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on a level of sales, which are the result of a customer-vendor relationship and for which the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, we will recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied or partially satisfied. To date, we have not recognized any royalty revenue resulting from any of our licensing arrangements.

Significant Financing Component –In determining the transaction price, we will adjust consideration for the effects of the time value of money if the expected period between payment by the licensees and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the licensees will be more than one year.

We sell Biorphen in the U.S. to wholesale pharmaceutical distributors, who then sell the product to hospitals and other end-user customers. Sales to wholesalers are made pursuant to purchase orders subject to the terms of a master agreement, and delivery of individual shipments of Biorphen represent performance obligations under each purchase order. We use a third-party logistics (“3PL”) vendor to process and fulfill orders and have concluded it is the principal in the sales to wholesalers because it controls access to the 3PL vendor services rendered and directs the 3PL vendor activities. We have no significant obligations to wholesalers to generate pull-through sales. In addition, we sell our Alkindi Sprinkle product to one pharmacy distributor customer which provides order fulfillment and inventory storage/distribution services.

Selling prices initially billed to wholesalers are subject to discounts for prompt payment and subsequent chargebacks when the wholesalers sell Biorphen at negotiated discounted prices to members of certain group purchasing organizations (“GPOs”) and government programs. In addition, the we pay fees to wholesalers for their distribution services, inventory reporting and chargeback processing. We pay GPOs fees for administrative services and for access to GPO members and concluded the benefits received in exchange for these fees are not distinct from our sales of Biorphen, and accordingly we apply these amounts to reduce revenues. Wholesalers also have rights to return unsold product nearing or past the expiration date. Because of the shelf life of Biorphen and our lengthy return period, there may be a significant period of time between when the product is shipped and when we issue credits on returned product. For our Alkindi Sprinkle product, we bill at the initial product list prices which are subject to offsets for patient co-pay assistance and potential state Medicaid reimbursements which are recorded as a reduction of net revenues at the date of sale/shipment.

We estimate the transaction price when we receive each purchase order, taking into account the expected reductions of the selling price initially billed to the wholesaler arising from all of the above factors. We have developed estimates for future returns and chargebacks of Biorphen and the impact of the other discounts and fees we pay. Our sales of Alkindi Sprinkle to our distributor are not subject to returns. When estimating these adjustments to the transaction price, we reduce it sufficiently to be able to assert that it is probable that there will be no significant reversal of revenue when the ultimate adjustment amounts are known.

We recognize revenue from Biorphen product sales and related cost of sales upon product delivery to the wholesaler location. At that time, the wholesalers take control of the product as they take title, bear the risk of loss of ownership, and have an enforceable obligation to pay us. They also have the ability to direct sales of product to their customers on terms and at prices they negotiate. Although wholesalers have product return rights, we do not believe they have a significant incentive to return the product to us. We store our Alkindi Sprinkle inventory at our pharmacy distributor customer location and sales are recorded when stock is pulled and shipped to fulfill specific patient orders.

Upon recognition of revenue from product sales, of Biorphen, the estimated amounts of credit for product returns, chargebacks, distribution fees, prompt payment discounts, state Medicaid and GPO fees are included in sales reserves, accrued liabilities and net of accounts receivable. We monitor actual product returns, chargebacks, discounts and fees subsequent to the sale. If these amounts end up differing from our estimates, we will make adjustments to these allowances, which are applied to increase or reduce product sales revenue and earnings in the period of adjustment.

In addition, we anticipate we will receive revenues from product licensing agreements where we have contracted for milestone payments and royalties from products we have developed or for which we have acquired the rights to a product developed by a third party.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation under the provisions of ASCAccounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) – 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation. The guidance under ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of the stock-based compensation awards on the date of grant and record expense over the related service periods, which are generally the vesting period of the equity awards. Compensation expense is recognized over the period during which services are rendered by consultants and non-employees until completed. At the end of each financial reporting period prior to completion of the service, the fair value of these awards is remeasured using the then-current fair value of our common stock and updated assumption inputs in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (“BSM”).

We estimate the fair value of stock-based option awards to our using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model (“BSM”).BSM. The BSM requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility, the calculation of expected term, forfeitures and the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant, among other inputs. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields for zero-coupon U.S. government issues with a remaining term approximating the expected life of the options or warrants. Dividends on common stock are assumed to be zero for the BSM valuation of the stock options. The expected term of stock options granted is based on vesting periods and the contractual life of the options. Expected volatilities are based on comparable companies’ historical volatility along with a limited weighting included for our own volatility experience from the date ofsubsequent to our IPO, in November 2018, which management believeswe believe represents the most accurate basis for estimating expected future volatility under the current conditions. We account for forfeitures as they occur.

Prior to our initial public offering in November 2018, the fair value of the shares of common stock underlying our stock-based awards was determined by our board of directors, with input from management. Because there had been no public market for our common stock prior to the IPO, our board of directors had determined the fair value of the common stock on the grant-date of the stock-based award by considering a number of objective and subjective factors, including enterprise valuations of our common stock performed by an unrelated third-party specialist, valuations of comparable companies, sales of our convertible preferred stock to unrelated third parties, operating and financial performance, the lack of liquidity of our capital stock, and general and industry-specific economic outlook. Following our IPO, we use the closing stock price on the date of grant for the fair value of the common stock.

Research and Development Expenses

R&D expenses include both internal R&D activities and external contracted services. Internal R&D activity expenses include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation laboratory operating costs and other expensescosts to support our R&D operations. External contracted services include product development efforts including certain product licensor milestone payments, clinical trial activities, manufacturing and control-related activities and regulatory costs. R&D expenses are charged to operations as incurred. We review and accrue R&D expenses based on services performed and rely upon estimates of those costs applicable to the stage of completion of each project. Significant judgments and estimates are made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from our estimates.

Upfront payments and milestone payments made for the licensing of technology onfor products whichthat are not yet approved by the FDA are expensed as R&D in the period in which they are incurred. Milestone payments for FDA-approved products are capitalized and amortized over the expected economic life of the product. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in R&D activities are recorded as prepaid expenses and are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed.

Off Balance Sheet Transactions

We do not have any off-balance sheet transactions.

JOBS Act Transition Period

In April 2012, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies.

We are in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements under the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions, as an emerging growth company, we may rely on certain of these exemptions, including without limitation, (i) providing an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and (ii) complying with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, known as the auditor discussion and analysis. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier to occur of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) December 31, 2023, which is the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our IPO, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenues of at least $1.07 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve capital. We do not utilize hedging contracts or similar instruments. We are exposed to certain market risks relating primarily to interest rate risk on our cash and cash equivalents invested during the period and risks relating to the financial viability of the institutions which hold our capital and through which we have invested our funds. We manage such risks by investing in short-term, liquid, highly-rated instruments. As of March 31, 2020,2021, all of our cash equivalents and investments are invested exclusivelyis in money market funds. We do not believe we have any material exposure to interest rate riska non-interest bearing account due to the extremely low interestcurrent low-interest rate environment and the short duration of the invested funds we hold. Declines in interest rates would reduce our investment income but would not have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.environment. We do not currently have exposure to foreign currency risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

With respect to the three-month period ended March 31, 2020,2021, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operations of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Management does not expect that our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control systems are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, no evaluation of internal control over financial reporting can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been or will be detected.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period ended March 31, 20202021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We operate in a dynamic and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations, and you should carefully consider them. Other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our results of operations and financial condition.

You should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our 20192020 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or future results. The risk factors described in our 20192020 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on March 16, 2021, are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or future results.

The risk factor below constitutes an update to the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, which was filed with the SEC on March 5, 2020.

The coronavirus, or COVID-19, pandemic could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (the WHO) declared that the recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak was a public health emergency of international concern, and on March 11, 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. The outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in travel restrictions, quarantines, “work-at-home” and “shelter-in-place” orders and extended shutdown of certain businesses around the world, including in many countries in which we operate. Ongoing and future effects of COVID-19 (or any future pandemic) on all aspects of our operations, and the duration of such effects, are highly uncertain and difficult to predict. We anticipate that COVID-19 will likely have a significant adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

The continued spread of COVID-19 could adversely affect our product candidate development programs, including product manufacturing and associated analysis and testing through our third-party contract research organizations (CROs). Additionally, COVID-19 could postpone necessary interactions with regulators regarding our products in development and could delay review or approval of our regulatory submissions.

COVID-19 could adversely affect our ability to source materials and supplies and successfully manufacture and distribute our product candidates and approved products. The outbreak could result in reduced operations of third-party suppliers of raw materials and supplies upon whom we rely or otherwise limit our ability to obtain sufficient materials and supplies necessary for production of our products. If we or any third party in our supply or distribution chain are adversely impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak, including required closures, staffing shortages, production slowdowns and disruptions in delivery systems, our operations may be disrupted, limiting our ability to manufacture and distribute our product candidates for testing and research and development operations and our products for commercial sales.

Our commercial operations also may be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, Biorphen® is administered via infusions in a clinic or hospital setting and/or by a healthcare professional. Treating COVID-19 patients has become the priority for many healthcare facilities and workers, so it has become, and may continue to be, difficult for some of our patients to receive therapies that are administered by infusion. The pandemic has limited our sales force’s ability to promote our products to distributors, hospitals, clinics, doctors and pharmacies, which could adversely affect our revenues and results of operations and industry conferences to inform and promote the use of Biorphen have been cancelled.

In addition, COVID-19 could adversely affect our workforce and the employees of companies with which we do business, thereby disrupting our business operations. We have implemented work-at-home policies for employees whose jobs do not require them to be onsite. Increased reliance by us and the companies with which we do business on personnel working from home may negatively impact productivity, increase cyber security risk, create data accessibility issues, increase the risk for communication disruptions, or otherwise disrupt or delay normal business operations. For our employees whose jobs require them to be onsite, we have taken precautions to avoid the spread of COVID-19 among our employees, but we cannot guarantee our workforce will not face an outbreak that could adversely impact our operations.

While the long-term economic impact and the duration of the COVID-19 outbreak may be difficult to predict, the widespread pandemic has resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption of global financial markets, which could reduce our ability to access capital and could negatively affect our liquidity and the liquidity and stability of markets for our common stock. In addition, a recession, further market correction or depression resulting from the spread of COVID-19 could materially adversely affect our business and the value of our common stock and convertible notes.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

See the registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index are either filed or furnished with this report or incorporated herein by reference.

EXHIBIT INDEX

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.