UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-Q 

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017
OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to             .
Commission File Number: 001-36682

 
VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 

Texas 27-0973566
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. employer
incorporation or organization) identification no.)
   
8214 Westchester Drive, Suite 400  
Dallas, Texas 75225
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
 
(972) 349-6200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “smaller reporting“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ 
     
 Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ 
 (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)   
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 27, 2016,July 24, 2017, there were 10,747,93815,233,709 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share.




VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC.
   
  Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
   



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Financial Statements
VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) 
SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016
(Dollars in thousands, except par value information) 
 September 30, December 31, June 30, December 31,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
ASSETS        
Cash and due from banks $15,837
 $10,989
 $28,687
 $15,631
Interest bearing deposits in other banks 162,750
 60,562
 144,459
 219,160
Total cash and cash equivalents 178,587
 71,551
 173,146
 234,791
Investment securities 86,772
 75,813
 134,708
 102,559
Loans held for sale 4,856
 2,831
 4,118
 5,208
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses of $8,102 and $6,772, respectively 918,559
 813,733
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses of $9,740 and $8,524, respectively 1,112,688
 983,318
Accrued interest receivable 2,414
 2,216
 3,333
 2,907
Bank-owned life insurance 19,922
 19,459
 20,369
 20,077
Bank premises, furniture and equipment, net 17,501
 17,449
 17,978
 17,413
Non-marketable equity securities 7,358
 4,167
 7,407
 7,366
Investment in unconsolidated subsidiary 93
 93
 93
 93
Other real estate owned 662
 493
 493
 662
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $1,989 and $1,605, respectively 2,257
 2,410
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $2,544 and $2,198, respectively 2,171
 2,181
Goodwill 26,865
 26,865
 26,865
 26,865
Other assets 3,392
 2,520
 5,220
 5,067
Total assets $1,269,238
 $1,039,600
 $1,508,589
 $1,408,507
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY        
Deposits:        
Noninterest-bearing $304,972
 $301,367
 $337,057
 $327,614
Interest-bearing 772,245
 567,043
 874,050
 792,016
Total deposits 1,077,217
 868,410
 1,211,107
 1,119,630
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 2,082
 1,776
 2,574
 2,914
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities 1,098
 848
 1,032
 534
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank 38,341
 28,444
 38,235
 38,306
Junior subordinated debentures 3,093
 3,093
 3,093
 3,093
Subordinated notes 4,984
 4,983
 4,946
 4,942
Total liabilities 1,126,815
 907,554
 1,260,987
 1,169,419
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6) 
 
 
  
Stockholders’ equity:        
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015; 10,736,037 and 10,712,472 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively (excluding 10,000 shares held in treasury) 107
 107
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016; 15,233,010 and 15,195,328 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively (excluding 10,000 shares held in treasury) 152
 152
Additional paid-in capital 116,315
 115,721
 211,901
 211,173
Retained earnings 26,101
 16,739
 36,003
 29,290
Unallocated Employee Stock Ownership Plan shares; 27,993 and 27,993 shares at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively (309) (309)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 279
 (142)
Unallocated Employee Stock Ownership Plan shares; 18,783 and 18,783 shares at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively (209) (209)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (175) (1,248)
Treasury stock, 10,000 shares at cost (70) (70) (70) (70)
Total stockholders’ equity 142,423
 132,046
 247,602
 239,088
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $1,269,238
 $1,039,600
 $1,508,589
 $1,408,507
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
For the Three and NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 20152016
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
 Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016 2017 2016
Interest income:                
Interest and fees on loans $11,589
 $9,230
 $32,996
 $24,032
 $13,024
 $11,052
 $24,907
 $21,407
Interest on investment securities 335
 247
 1,014
 712
 735
 344
 1,310
 679
Interest on deposits in other banks 129
 60
 302
 169
 548
 80
 1,158
 173
Interest on other 1
 1
 2
 1
 
 1
 1
 2
Total interest income 12,054
 9,538
 34,314
 24,914
 14,307
 11,477
 27,376
 22,261
Interest expense:                
Interest on deposit accounts 1,381
 778
 3,388
 2,075
 1,742
 1,072
 3,389
 2,007
Interest on borrowings 156
 143
 491
 392
 189
 177
 358
 335
Total interest expense 1,537
 921
 3,879
 2,467
 1,931
 1,249
 3,747
 2,342
Net interest income 10,517
 8,617
 30,435
 22,447
 12,376
 10,228
 23,629
 19,919
Provision for loan losses 238
 
 1,610
 258
 943
 527
 1,833
 1,372
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 10,279
 8,617
 28,825
 22,189
 11,433
 9,701
 21,796
 18,547
Noninterest income:                
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts 433
 380
 1,309
 907
 555
 443
 1,064
 877
Gain on sales of investment securities 
 
 15
 7
 
 
 
 15
Gain on sales of loans 1,036
 392
 2,318
 824
 815
 620
 1,562
 1,282
Loss on sales of other assets owned 
 21
 
 19
Loss on sale of other assets owned (8) 
 (8) 
Bank-owned life insurance 193
 194
 577
 552
 186
 191
 373
 384
Other 231
 56
 460
 188
 218
 158
 310
 227
Total noninterest income 1,893
 1,043
 4,679
 2,497
 1,766
 1,412
 3,301
 2,785
Noninterest expense:                
Salaries and employee benefits 3,920
 3,001
 10,683
 8,247
 3,642
 3,589
 7,550
 6,763
Occupancy and equipment 923
 894
 2,718
 2,560
 1,015
 894
 2,026
 1,795
Professional fees 785
 632
 1,861
 1,536
 1,188
 503
 1,986
 1,076
Data processing and software expense 296
 368
 850
 903
 372
 270
 732
 554
FDIC assessment fees 179
 121
 447
 317
 393
 132
 651
 269
Marketing 293
 227
 704
 595
 225
 211
 469
 411
Other assets owned expenses and write-downs 9
 (5) 139
 29
 13
 55
 38
 130
Amortization of intangibles 95
 96
 285
 243
 95
 95
 190
 190
Telephone and communications 98
 68
 295
 182
 106
 100
 208
 197
Other 431
 440
 1,323
 1,043
 733
 452
 1,382
 892
Total noninterest expense 7,029
 5,842
 19,305
 15,655
 7,782
 6,301
 15,232
 12,277
Net income from operations 5,143
 3,818
 14,199
 9,031
 5,417
 4,812
 9,865
 9,055
Income tax expense 1,768
 1,281
 4,837
 2,814
 1,802
 1,639
 3,152
 3,069
Net income $3,375
 $2,537
 $9,362
 $6,217
 $3,615
 $3,173
 $6,713
 $5,986
Preferred stock dividends $
 $20
 $
 $60
Net income available to common stockholders $3,375
 $2,517
 $9,362
 $6,157
Basic earnings per share $0.32
 $0.24
 $0.88
 $0.62
 $0.24
 $0.30
 $0.44
 $0.56
Diluted earnings per share $0.31
 $0.23
 $0.85
 $0.61
 $0.23
 $0.29
 $0.43
 $0.55

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.



VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
For the Three and NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 20152016
(Dollars in thousands)
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016 2017 2016
Net income $3,375
 $2,537
 $9,362
 $6,217
 $3,615
 $3,173
 $6,713
 $5,986
Other comprehensive income:                
Unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale arising during the period, net (9) 115
 653
 (111)
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale arising during the period, net 1,318
 305
 1,622
 663
Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income 
 
 15
 7
 
 
 
 15
Other comprehensive (loss) income before tax (9) 115
 638
 (118)
Income tax expense (benefit) (3) 39
 217
 (40)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (6) 76
 421
 (78)
Other comprehensive income before tax 1,318
 305
 1,622
 648
Income tax expense 445
 104
 549
 220
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 873
 201
 1,073
 428
Comprehensive income $3,369
 $2,613
 $9,783
 $6,139
 $4,488
 $3,374
 $7,786
 $6,414

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.



VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) 
For the NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 20152016
(Dollars in thousands)

 
Preferred
Stock
 Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Unallocated 
Employee
Stock
Ownership
Plan Shares
 
Treasury
Stock
   Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Unallocated 
Employee
Stock
Ownership
Plan Shares
 
Treasury
Stock
  
 Shares Amount Total Shares Amount Total
Balance at December 31, 2015 $
 10,712,472
 $107
 $115,721
 $16,739
 $(142) $(309) $(70) $132,046
Restricted stock units vested, net 6,618 shares withheld to cover tax withholdings 
 23,565
 
 (108) 
 
 
 
 (108)
Balance at December 31, 2016 15,195,328
 $152
 $211,173
 $29,290
 $(1,248) $(209) $(70) $239,088
Restricted stock units vested, net 7,103 shares withheld to cover tax withholdings 22,233
 
 (191) 
 
 
 
 (191)
Exercise of employee stock options, net 1,095 shares withheld to cover tax withholdings 15,449
 
 144
 
 
 
 
 144
Offering costs from sale of common stock 
 
 (16) 
 
 
 
 (16)
Stock based compensation 
 
 
 702
 
 
 
 
 702
 
 
 791
 
 
 
 
 791
Net income 
 
 
 
 9,362
 
 
 
 9,362
 
 
 
 6,713
 
 
 
 6,713
Other comprehensive income 
 
 
 
 
 421
 
 
 421
 
 
 
 
 1,073
 
 
 1,073
Balance at September 30, 2016 $
 10,736,037
 $107
 $116,315
 $26,101
 $279
 $(309) $(70) $142,423
                  
Balance at June 30, 2017 15,233,010
 $152
 $211,901
 $36,003
 $(175) $(209) $(70) $247,602


  
Preferred
Stock
 Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Unallocated 
Employee
Stock
Ownership
Plan Shares
 
Treasury
Stock
  
   Shares Amount      Total
Balance at December 31, 2014 $8,000
 9,470,832
 $95
 $97,469
 $8,047
 $172
 $(401) $(70) $113,312
Restricted stock units vested, net 6,398 shares withheld to cover tax withholdings 
 14,386
 
 (100) 
 
 
 
 (100)
Exercise of employee stock options 
 21,000
 
 210
 
 
 
 
 210
Preferred stock dividend Series C 
 
 
 
 (60) 
 
 
 (60)
Issuance of stock to ESOP 
 9,147
 
 115
 
 
 (5) 
 110
Stock based compensation 
 
 
 444
 
 
 
 
 444
Common stock issued for acquisition of IBT Bancorp, Inc., net offering costs of $252 
 1,185,067
 12
 17,441
 
 
 
 
 17,453
Net income 
 
 
 
 6,217
 
 
 
 6,217
Other comprehensive income 
 
 
 
 
 (78) 
 
 (78)
Balance at September 30, 2015 $8,000
 10,700,432
 $107
 $115,579
 $14,204
 $94
 $(406) $(70) $137,508
  Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
 
Unallocated 
Employee
Stock
Ownership
Plan Shares
 
Treasury
Stock
  
  Shares Amount      Total
Balance at December 31, 2015 10,712,472
 $107
 $115,721
 $16,739
 $(142) $(309) $(70) $132,046
Restricted stock units vested, net 4,171 shares withheld to cover tax withholdings 15,391
 
 (73) 
 
 
 
 (73)
Stock based compensation 
 
 463
 
 
 
 
 463
Net income 
 
 
 5,986
 
 
 
 5,986
Other comprehensive income 
 
 
 
 428
 
 
 428
Balance at June 30, 2016 10,727,863
 $107
 $116,111
 $22,725
 $286
 $(309) $(70) $138,850
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.



VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
For the NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 20152016
(Dollars in thousands)
 For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
Cash flows from operating activities:        
Net income $9,362
 $6,217
 $6,713
 $5,986
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:        
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets 1,212
 1,033
Depreciation and amortization 877
 808
Provision for loan losses 1,610
 258
 1,833
 1,372
Accretion of loan purchase discount (363) (119) (190) (243)
Stock-based compensation expense 702
 444
 791
 463
Excess tax benefit from stock compensation (214) 
Net amortization of premiums on investment securities 710
 358
 634
 431
Change in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance (463) (453) (292) (308)
Net gain on sales of investment securities (15) (7) 
 (15)
Gain on sales of loans held for sale (2,318) (824) (515) (775)
Net gain on sales of other real estate owned 
 (19)
Gain on sales of SBA loans (1,047) (507)
Net loss on sales of other real estate owned 8
 
Amortization of subordinated note discount 1
 1
 4
 1
Originations of loans held for sale (50,673) (33,153)
Net originations of loans held for sale (20,336) (30,203)
Write down on foreclosed assets 114
 
 
 114
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale 49,708
 41,069
 21,941
 28,823
Deferred tax benefit (320) 
Increase in accrued interest receivable and other assets (1,410) (665) (876) (1,360)
Increase (Decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses, accrued interest payable and other liabilities 339
 338
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses, accrued interest payable and other liabilities 158
 (378)
Net cash provided by operating activities 8,516
 14,478
 9,169
 4,209
Cash flows from investing activities:        
Purchases of securities available for sale (34,420) (26,725) (40,354) (26,706)
Sales of securities available for sale 8,378
 6,278
 
 8,378
Proceeds from maturities, calls and pay downs of investment securities 15,026
 8,728
 9,194
 10,696
Net cash received in acquisition
 
 11,150
(Purchases) sales of non-marketable equity securities, net (3,191) 884
Purchases of non-marketable equity securities, net (41) (2,868)
Net loans originated (105,098) (62,787) (145,758) (109,246)
Proceeds from sale of SBA loans 15,792
 2,397
Net additions to bank premises and equipment (879) (2,257) (1,151) (344)
Purchase of other real estate owned (336) 
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned 
 124
 497
 
Net cash used in investing activities (120,184) (64,605) (162,157) (117,693)
Cash flows from financing activities:        
Net change in deposits 208,807
 106,438
 91,477
 159,319
Net increase (decrease) in advances from Federal Home Loan Bank 9,897
 (25,025)
Change in other borrowings 
 (926)
Net (decrease) increase in advances from Federal Home Loan Bank (71) 9,931
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options 
 210
 150
 
Dividends paid on preferred stock 
 (60)
Offering costs paid in connection with acquisition 
 (252)
Costs from issuance of stock related to stock-based awards (197) (73)
Offering costs paid in connection with issuance of common stock (16) 
Net cash provided by financing activities 218,704
 80,385
 91,343
 169,177
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 107,036
 30,258
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 71,551
 93,251
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $178,587
 $123,509
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (61,645) 55,693
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 234,791
 71,551
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $173,146
 $127,244
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Dollars in thousands, except for per share amounts) 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Organization

Veritex Holdings, Inc. (“Veritex” or the “Company”), a Texas corporation and bank holding company, was incorporated in July 2009 and was formed for the purpose of acquiring one or more financial institutions located in Dallas, Texas and surrounding areas.

Veritex through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Veritex Community Bank, formerly known as Veritex Community Bank, National Association (the “Bank”), is a Texas state banking organization, with corporate offices in Dallas, Texas, and currently operates teneleven branches and one mortgage office located throughout the greater Dallas, Texas metropolitan area. The Bank provides a full range of banking services to individual and corporate customers, which include commercial and retail lending, and the acceptance of checking and savings deposits. The Texas Department of Banking and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System are the primary regulators of the Company and the Bank, which perform periodic examinations to ensure regulatory compliance.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Veritex and the Bank as its wholly-owned subsidiary.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”), but do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements. In management’s opinion, these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position at SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, condensed consolidated results of operations for the three months and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, condensed consolidated stockholders’ equity for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 20152016 and condensed consolidated cash flows for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015.2016.

Accounting measurements at interim dates inherently involve greater reliance on estimates than at year end and the results for the interim periods shown in this report are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year due in part to global economic and financial market conditions, interest rates, access to sources of liquidity, market competition and interruptions of business processes. These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 20152016 included within the Company’s Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2016.10, 2017.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates and assumptions may also affect disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Segment Reporting 

The Company has one reportable segment. All of the Company’s activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent on the other and assessed based on how each of the activities of the Company supports the others. For example, lending is dependent upon the ability of the Company to fund itself with deposits and borrowings while managing interest rate and credit risk. Accordingly, all significant operating decisions are based upon analysis of the Company as one segment or unit. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker, the CEO, uses the consolidated results to make operating and strategic decisions.
Reclassifications

Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09. Per ASU 2016-09 cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity and for presentation purposes be applied retrospectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company moved these costs from the accrued interest receivable




and other assets line item in the cash flows from operating activities to the costs from issuance of stock related to stock-based awards line item on the cash flows from financing activities section on the cash flow statement.
Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) are based upon the weighted‑averageweighted-average shares outstanding. The table below sets forth the reconciliation between weighted average shares used for calculating basic and diluted EPS for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015:2016:
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2016 2015 2016 2015 2017 2016 2017 2016
Earnings (numerator)                
Net income  $3,375
 $2,537
 $9,362
 $6,217
 $3,615
 $3,173
 $6,713
 $5,986
Less: preferred stock dividends 
 20
 
 60
Net income allocated to common stockholders $3,375
 $2,517
 $9,362
 $6,157
Shares (denominator)                
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic EPS (thousands) 10,705
 10,653
 10,698
 9,854
 15,211
 10,696
 15,205
 10,695
Dilutive effect of employee stock-based awards 320
 288
 294
 267
 426
 298
 428
 283
Adjusted weighted average shares outstanding 11,025
 10,941
 10,992
 10,121
 15,637
 10,994
 15,633
 10,978
Earnings per share:                
Basic $0.32
 $0.24
 $0.88
 $0.62
 $0.24
 $0.30
 $0.44
 $0.56
Diluted $0.31
 $0.23
 $0.85
 $0.61
 $0.23
 $0.29
 $0.43
 $0.55

For the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016 and 2015,2017 there were no exclusions from the diluted EPS weighted average shares.shares and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 there were 117,624 shares excluded from the diluted EPS, as the inclusion of those shares would have been anti-dilutive.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

ASU 2016-09 "Compensation —Stock Compensation2017-04 “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 718)350): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting"Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2016-09”2017-04”) simplifies several aspectseliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In addition, the amendment eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows.goodwill impairment test. For public business entities, thispubic companies, ASU 2017-04 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and2019 with early adoption permitted for interim periods therein.or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is in process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement. pronouncement, which is not expected to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-18 “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash” (“ASU 2016-18”) requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. For public companies, ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement, which is not expected to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-13 "Financial“Financial Instruments —Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments"Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”) amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available for sale debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and, instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. For available for sale debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current GAAP, however Topic 326 will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. This Accounting Standards Update affects entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The amendments affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods therein. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-03 and is uncertain of the impact on the consolidated financial statements at this point in time.


ASU 2016-09 “Compensation —Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”) simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. Per ASU 2016-09: (1) all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies should be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, rather than in additional paid-in capital under current guidance; (2) excess tax benefits should be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows, rather than as a separate cash inflow from financing activities and cash outflow from operating activities under current guidance; (3) cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity; and (4) an entity can make an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest, as under current guidance, or account for forfeitures when they occur. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein.

Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized an excess income tax benefit of $42 and $214 that reduced the income tax provision and increased net income on the condensed consolidated statements of income. The Company prospectively applied the guidance for the presentation of excess tax benefits as an operating cash flow and included the $214 excess income tax benefit as an operating activity on the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017. In addition, the Company retrospectively applied the guidance for the presentation of the cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes be classified as a financing activity on the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. Finally, the Company elected to account for forfeitures as they occur.
ASU 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”) is intended to improve the reporting of leasing transactions to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information. ASU 2016-02 will require organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement.pronouncement, which is not expected to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-01 “Financial Instruments─Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”) amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01, among other things, (i) requires equity investments, with certain exceptions, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (ii) simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment, (iii) eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet, (iv) requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, (v) requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments, (vi) requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements and (vii) clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale. This update will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company is in process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement, which is not expected to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”) implements a common revenue standard that clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 establishes a five-step model which entities must follow to recognize revenue and removes inconsistencies and weaknesses in existing guidance. The original effective date for ASU 2014-09 was for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. However, in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which deferred the effective date by one year, therefore it is now effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company will adopt the guidance in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective application with a cumulative-effect adjustment, if such adjustment is significant. While the guidance will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP, the ASU is not applicable to financial instruments and, therefore, will not impact a majority of the Company’s revenue, including net interest income. Our implementation efforts to date include identification of revenue streams within the scope of the guidance, and we have begun evaluation of revenue contracts and related accounting policies.


2. Statement of Cash Flows

Other supplemental cash flow information is presented below: 
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2016 2015
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:    
Cash paid for interest $3,858
 $2,497
Cash paid for income taxes $6,100
 $2,900
Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Flow Information:    
Issuance of stock to ESOP $
 $110
Net issuance of common stock for vesting of restricted stock units to cover withholding $108
 $100
Net foreclosure of other real estate owned and repossessed assets $283
 $493

The supplemental schedule of noncash investing activities from Company acquisition activity includes the following measurement-period adjustments made during the period:
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2016 2015
Noncash assets acquired    
Securities available for sale $
 $4,646
Loans 
 88,497
Bank premises, furniture and equipment 
 4,947
Securities available for sale 
 790
Bank-owned life insurance 
 1,024
Accrued interest receivable 
 250
Servicing assets 
 323
Goodwill 
 6,877
Core deposit intangibles 
 1,078
Other assets 
 504
Total assets $
 $108,936
     
Noncash liabilities assumed:    
Deposits $
 $97,426
FHLB advances 
 3,503
Other borrowings 
 926
Other liabilities 
 526
Total liabilities $
 $102,381
     
1,185,067 shares of common stock exchanged in connection with acquisition $
 $17,705

  Six Months Ended June 30,
  2017 2016
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:    
Cash paid for interest $3,745
 $2,329
Cash paid for income taxes 3,500
 4,650
Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Flow Information:    
Net foreclosure of other real estate owned and repossessed assets $
 $114










3. Investment Securities

Debt and equity securities have been classified in the condensed consolidated balance sheets according to management’s intent. The carrying amount of securities and their approximate fair values are as follows:
 September 30, 2016 June 30, 2017
 Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value
Available for Sale                
U.S. government agencies $732
 $
 $15
 $717
 $691
 $
 $10
 $681
Corporate securities 7,500
 197
 
 $7,697
Municipal securities 11,763
 66
 63
 11,766
 14,914
 42
 126
 14,830
Mortgage-backed securities 44,289
 256
 61
 44,484
 65,814
 115
 340
 65,589
Collateralized mortgage obligations 28,767
 261
 25
 29,003
 45,370
 158
 316
 45,212
Asset-backed securities 797
 5
 
 802
 688
 11
 
 699
 $86,348
 $588
 $164
 $86,772
 $134,977
 $523
 $792
 $134,708

 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2016
 Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value
Available for Sale                
U.S. government agencies $3,823
 $
 $36
 $3,787
 $732
 $
 $36
 $696
Municipal securities 6,738
 9
 52
 6,695
 14,540
 2
 500
 14,042
Mortgage-backed securities 46,180
 169
 292
 46,057
 49,907
 83
 871
 49,119
Collateralized mortgage obligations 18,379
 64
 59
 18,384
 38,507
 32
 612
 37,927
Asset-backed securities 907
 
 17
 890
 764
 11
 
 775
 $76,027
 $242
 $456
 $75,813
 $104,450
 $128
 $2,019
 $102,559


The following tables disclose the Company’s investment securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 or more months:
  September 30, 2016
  Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Totals
  Fair
Value
 Unrealized
Loss
 Fair
Value
 Unrealized
Loss
 Fair
Value
 Unrealized
Loss
Available for Sale            
U.S. government agencies $
 $
 $717
 $15
 $717
 $15
Municipal securities 5,316
 53
 534
 10
 5,850
 63
Mortgage-backed securities 5,366
 28
 4,852
 33
 10,218
 61
Collateralized mortgage obligations 4,675
 14
 1,022
 11
 5,697
 25
  $15,357
 $95
 $7,125
 $69
 $22,482
 $164



  June 30, 2017
  Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Totals
  Fair
Value
 Unrealized
Loss
 Fair
Value
 Unrealized
Loss
 Fair
Value
 Unrealized
Loss
Available for Sale            
U.S. government agencies $
 $
 $681
 $10
 $681
 $10
Municipal securities 7,052
 107
 1,346
 19
 8,398
 126
Mortgage-backed securities 42,127
 289
 3,937
 51
 46,064
 340
Collateralized mortgage obligations 28,283
 293
 1,473
 23
 29,756
 316
  $77,462
 $689
 $7,437
 $103
 $84,899
 $792
 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2016
 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Totals Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Totals
 Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized
 Value Loss Value Loss Value Loss Value Loss Value Loss Value Loss
Available for Sale                        
U.S. government agencies $2,978
 $7
 $809
 $29
 $3,787
 $36
 $
 $
 $696
 $36
 $696
 $36
Municipal securities 4,216
 52
 
 
 4,216
 52
 12,060
 478
 518
 22
 12,578
 500
Mortgage-backed securities 32,255
 253
 2,792
 39
 35,047
 292
 37,274
 802
 6,848
 69
 44,122
 871
Collateralized mortgage obligations 8,672
 76
 
 
 8,672
 76
 29,618
 584
 1,618
 28
 31,236
 612
 $48,121
 $388
 $3,601
 $68
 $51,722
 $456
 $78,952
 $1,864
 $9,680
 $155
 $88,632
 $2,019

The number of investment positions in an unrealized loss position totaled 2364 and 5272 at SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively. The Company does not believe these unrealized losses are “other than temporary” as (i) the Company does not have the intent to sell investment securities prior to recovery and (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell these securities prior to recovery. The unrealized losses noted are interest rate related due to the level of interest rates at SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. The Company has reviewed the ratings of the issuers and has not identified any issues related to the ultimate repayment of principal as a result of credit concerns on these securities.

The amortized costs and estimated fair values of securities available for sale, by contractual maturity, as of the dates indicated, are shown in the table below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayments penalties. Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, and asset‑backedasset-backed securities typically are issued with stated principal amounts, and the securities are backed by pools of mortgage loans and other loans that have varying maturities. The term of mortgage‑backed,mortgage-backed, collateralized mortgage obligations and asset‑backedasset-backed securities thus approximates the term of the underlying mortgages and loans and can vary significantly due to prepayments. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories below.

  September 30, 2016
  Available For Sale
  Amortized
Cost
 Fair
Value
Due in one year or less $
 $
Due from one year to five years 4,038
 4,076
Due from five years to ten years 3,539
 3,521
Due after ten years 4,918
 4,886
  12,495
 12,483
Mortgage-backed securities 44,289
 44,484
Collateralized mortgage obligations 28,767
 29,003
Asset-backed securities 797
 802
  $86,348
 $86,772

 December 31, 2015 June 30, 2017
 Available For Sale Available For Sale
 Amortized
Cost
 Fair
Value
 Amortized
Cost
 Fair
Value
Due in one year or less $996
 $999
 $
 $
Due from one year to five years 4,869
 4,851
 3,928
 3,952
Due from five years to ten years 428
 417
 4,504
 4,435
Due after ten years 4,268
 4,215
 7,173
 7,124
 10,561
 10,482
 15,605
 15,511
Corporate securities 7,500
 7,697
Mortgage-backed securities 46,180
 46,057
 65,814
 65,589
Collateralized mortgage obligations 18,379
 18,384
 45,370
 45,212
Asset-backed securities 907
 890
 688
 699
 $76,027
 $75,813
 $134,977
 $134,708


  December 31, 2016
  Available For Sale
  Amortized
Cost
 Fair
Value
Due in one year or less $
 $
Due from one year to five years 4,009
 3,974
Due from five years to ten years 3,522
 3,346
Due after ten years 7,741
 7,418
  15,272
 14,738
Mortgage-backed securities 49,907
 49,119
Collateralized mortgage obligations 38,507
 37,927
Asset-backed securities 764
 775
  $104,450
 $102,559

Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale and gross gains and losses for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 20152016 were as follows:
 Nine Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
Proceeds from sales $8,378
 $6,278
 $
 $8,378
Gross realized gains 43
 42
 
 43
Gross realized losses 40
 35
 
 40

AlsoThere were no gross gains from calls of investment securities included in gain on sale of investment securities in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income arefor the six months ended June 30, 2017 and $12 gross gains of $12 from calls of investment securities included in the condensed consolidated statements for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016. There were no gross gains or losses from calls of investment securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

There was a blanket floating lien on all securities held by the Company to secure Federal Home Loan Bank advances as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.2016.



4. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets are summarized as follows:
 September 30,
2016
 December 31,
2015
 June 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Real estate:        
Construction and land $163,047
 $126,422
 $136,332
 $162,614
Farmland 9,421
 11,696
 8,448
 8,262
1 - 4 family residential 134,926
 137,704
 157,823
 140,137
Multi-family residential 13,281
 8,695
 38,265
 14,683
Nonfarm nonresidential 328,335
 284,622
Commercial Real Estate 430,895
 370,696
Commercial 273,409
 246,124
 347,017
 291,416
Consumer 4,293
 5,304
 3,688
 4,089
 926,712
 820,567
 1,122,468
 991,897
Deferred loan fees (51) (62) (40) (55)
Allowance for loan losses (8,102) (6,772) (9,740) (8,524)
 $918,559
 $813,733
 $1,112,688
 $983,318
Included in the net loan portfolio as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 is an accretable discount related to loans acquired within a business combination in the approximate amounts of $627$376 and $1,029,$566, respectively. The discount is being accreted into income using the interest method over the life of the loans.

The majority of the loan portfolio is comprised of loans to businesses and individuals in the Dallas metropolitan area. This geographic concentration subjects the loan portfolio to the general economic conditions within this area. The risks created by this concentration have been considered by management in the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Management believes the allowance for loan losses was adequate to cover estimated losses on loans as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.

2016.
Non-Accrual and Past Due Loans

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non‑accrualnon-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non‑accrualnon-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When the accrual of interest is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess


of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Non‑accrualNon-accrual loans aggregated by class of loans, as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, are as follows:
 September 30,
2016
 December 31,
2015
 June 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Real estate:        
Construction and land $
 $
 $
 $
Farmland 
 
 
 
1 - 4 family residential 
 187
 
 
Multi-family residential 
 
 
 
Nonfarm nonresidential 
 
Commercial Real Estate 727
 
Commercial 1,073
 383
 778
 930
Consumer 14
 21
 9
 11
 $1,087
 $591
 $1,514
 $941
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, interest income not recognized on non‑accrualnon-accrual loans was minimal.


An aging analysis of past due loans, aggregated by class of loans, as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 is as follows:
  June 30, 2017
  30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days or Greater Total Past Due Total Current Total
Loans
 Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing
Real estate:                                   
Construction and land $492
 $
 $
 $492
 $135,840
 $136,332
 $
Farmland 
 
 
 
 8,448
 8,448
 
1 - 4 family residential 815
 
 
 815
 157,008
 157,823
 
Multi-family residential 
 
 
 
 38,265
 38,265
 
Commercial Real Estate 
 
 727
 727
 430,168
 430,895
 
Commercial 137
 392
 781
 1,310
 345,707
 347,017
 15
Consumer 9
 
 
 9
 3,679
 3,688
 
  $1,453
 $392
 $1,508
 $3,353
 $1,119,115
 $1,122,468
 $15
  September 30, 2016
  30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days or Greater Total Past Due Total Current Total
Loans
 Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing
Real estate:                                   
Construction and land $
 $
 $
 $
 $163,047
 $163,047
 $
Farmland 
 
 
 
 9,421
 9,421
 
1 - 4 family residential 563
 137
 218
 918
 134,008
 134,926
 218
Multi-family residential 
 
 
 
 13,281
 13,281
 
Nonfarm nonresidential 
 387
 
 387
 327,948
 328,335
 
Commercial 704
 14
 671
 1,389
 272,020
 273,409
 139
Consumer 
 
 
 
 4,293
 4,293
 
  $1,267
 $538
 $889
 $2,694
 $924,018
 $926,712
 $357
 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2016
 30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days or Greater Total Past Due Total Current Total
Loans
 Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing 30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days or Greater Total Past Due Total Current Total
Loans
 Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing
Real estate:                            
Construction and land $3
 $
 $
 $3
 $126,419
 $126,422
 $
 $1,047
 $
 $
 $1,047
 $161,567
 $162,614
 $
Farmland 
 
 
 
 11,696
 11,696
 
 
 
 
 
 8,262
 8,262
 
1 - 4 family residential 215
 438
 187
 840
 136,864
 137,704
 
 510
 214
 
 724
 139,413
 140,137
 
Multi-family residential 
 
 
 
 8,695
 8,695
 
 
 
 
 
 14,683
 14,683
 
Nonfarm nonresidential 
 175
 
 175
 284,447
 284,622
 
Commercial Real Estate 
 
 754
 754
 369,942
 370,696
 754
Commercial 883
 81
 159
 1,123
 245,001
 246,124
 83
 1,344
 438
 532
 2,314
 289,102
 291,416
 81
Consumer 8
 2
 1
 11
 5,293
 5,304
 1
 41
 
 
 41
 4,048
 4,089
 
 $1,109
 $696
 $347
 $2,152
 $818,415
 $820,567
 $84
 $2,942
 $652
 $1,286
 $4,880
 $987,017
 $991,897
 $835

Loans past due 90 days and still accruing, increaseddecreased from $84$835 as of December 31, 20152016 to $357$15 as of SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. These loans are also considered well-secured and in the process of collection with plans in place for the borrowers to bring the notes fully current. The Company believes that it will collect all principal and interest due on each of the loans past due 90 days and still accruing.

Impaired Loans

Impaired loans are those loans where it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. All troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) are considered impaired loans. Impaired loans are measured based on either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; the loan’s observable market price; or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Substantially all of the Company’s impaired loans are measured at the fair value of the collateral. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible.


Impaired loans, including purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans and TDRs, at SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 are summarized in the following tables.
  June 30, 2017
  Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance
 Recorded
Investment
with No
Allowance
 Recorded
Investment
With
Allowance
 Total
Recorded
Investment
 Related
Allowance
 Average
Recorded
Investment
YTD
Real estate:            
Construction and land $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
Farmland 
 
 
 
 
 
1 - 4 family residential 163
 163
 
 163
 
 212
Multi-family residential 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate 1,104
 1,104
 
 1,104
 
 1,140
Commercial 793
 540
 253
 793
 137
 886
Consumer 86
 77
 9
 86
 1
 89
Total $2,146
 $1,884
 $262
 $2,146
 $138
 $2,327
  September 30, 2016
  Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance
 Recorded
Investment
with No
Allowance
 Recorded
Investment
With
Allowance
 Total
Recorded
Investment
 Related
Allowance
 Average
Recorded
Investment
YTD
Real estate:            
Construction and land $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
Farmland 
 
 
 
 
 
1 - 4 family residential 164
 164
 
 164
 
 298
Multi-family residential 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfarm nonresidential 384
 384
 
 384
 
 459
Commercial 1,020
 400
 620
 1,020
 221
 428
Consumer 15
 
 15
 15
 4
 13
Total $1,583
 $948
 $635
 $1,583
 $225
 $1,198

 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2016
 Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance
 Recorded
Investment
with No
Allowance
 Recorded
Investment
With
Allowance
 Total
Recorded
Investment
 Related
Allowance
 Average
Recorded
Investment
YTD
 Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance
 Recorded
Investment
with No
Allowance
 Recorded
Investment
With
Allowance
 Total
Recorded
Investment
 Related
Allowance
 Average
Recorded
Investment
YTD
Real estate:                        
Construction and land $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $10
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
Farmland 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 - 4 family residential 353
 353
 
 353
 
 191
 164
 164
 
 164
 
 265
Multi-family residential 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfarm nonresidential 1,265
 1,265
 
 1,265
 
 1,146
Commercial Real Estate 382
 382
 
 382
 
 440
Commercial 740
 390
 350
 740
 186
 533
 955
 381
 574
 955
 246
 463
Consumer 21
 3
 18
 21
 7
 27
 92
 81
 11
 92
 4
 12
Total $2,379
 $2,011
 $368
 $2,379
 $193
 $1,907
 $1,593
 $1,008
 $585
 $1,593
 $250
 $1,180
Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis.

During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, total interest income and cash‑basedcash-based interest income recognized on impaired loans was minimal.





Troubled Debt Restructuring

Modifications of terms for the Company’s loans and their inclusion as TDRs are based on individual facts and circumstances. Loan modifications that are included as TDRs may involve a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, or deferral of principal payments, regardless of the period of the modification. The recorded investment in TDRs was $751$653 and $1,727$822 as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.

During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 and 2016 and 2015, the terms of certainno loans were modified as TDRs are summarized in the following tables:
      During the nine months ended September 30, 2016
      Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
  Number
of Loans
 Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
 Adjusted
Interest
Rate
 Extended
Maturity
 Extended
Maturity
and
Restructured
Payments
 Extended
Maturity,
Restructured
Payments and
Adjusted
Interest Rate
Real estate loans:            
Construction and land 
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
Farmland 
 
 
 
 
 
1 - 4 family residential 
 
 
 
 
 
Multi-family residential 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfarm nonresidential 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial 2
 175
 
 
 169
 
Consumer 
 
 
 
 
 
Total 2
 $175
 $
 $
 $169
 $

      During the nine months ended September 30, 2015
      Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
  Number
of Loans
 Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
 Adjusted
Interest
Rate
 Extended
Maturity
 Extended
Maturity
and
Restructured
Payments
 Extended
Maturity,
Restructured
Payments and
Adjusted
Interest Rate
Real estate loans:            
Construction and land 
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
Farmland 
 
 
 
 
 
1 - 4 family residential 
 
 
 
 
 
Multi-family residential 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfarm nonresidential 1
 399
 
 
 
 393
Commercial 1
 268
 
 
 251
 
Consumer 
 
 
 
 
 
Total 2
 $667
 $
 $
 $251
 $393
The two loans restructured during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were performing as agreed to the modified terms. A specific allowance of $38 for loan losses was recorded for one of the loans that were modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

The two loans restructured during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 were performing as agreed to the modified terms. A specific allowance of $100 for allowance for loan losses was recorded for one of the loans that were modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.




TDRs.
There were no loanswas one loan modified as a troubled debt restructured loan within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015.none for the six months ended June 30, 2016. A default for purposes of this disclosure is a TDR loan in which the borrower is 90days90 days past due or results in the foreclosure and repossession of the applicable collateral.


Interest income recorded during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 20152016 on the restructured loans and interest income that would have been recorded had the terms of the loan not been modified was minimal.

The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans classified as TDRs as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 or 2015.

December 31, 2016.
Credit Quality Indicators

From a credit risk standpoint, the Company classifies its loans in the following categories: (i) pass, (ii) special mention, (iii) substandard or (iv) doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged‑off.

charged-off.
The classifications of loans reflect a judgment by management about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. The Company reviews the ratings on criticized credits monthly. Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that is believed to be inherent in each credit as of each monthly reporting period. All classified credits are evaluated for impairments. If impairment is determined to exist, a specific reserve is established. The Company’s methodology is structured so that specific reserves are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss).

Credits rated “special mention” show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit worthiness; however, such concerns are not so pronounced that the Company generally expects to experience significant loss within the short‑term.short-term. Such credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms, and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits rated more harshly.

Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses which exist in the collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to strengthen the Company’s position, and/or to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed.

Credits rated doubtful are those in which full collection of principal appears highly questionable, and in which some degree of loss is anticipated, even though the ultimate amount of loss may not yet be certain and/or other factors exist which could affect collection of debt. Based upon available information, positive action by the Company is required to avert or minimize loss. Credits rated doubtful are generally also placed on non‑accrual.

non-accrual.
The following tables summarize the Company’s internal ratings of its loans, including purchased credit impaired loans, as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015:2016:                                        
 September 30, 2016 June 30, 2017
 Pass Special
Mention
 Substandard Doubtful Total Pass Special
Mention
 Substandard Doubtful Total
Real estate:                    
Construction and land $162,391
 $656
 $
 $
 $163,047
 $136,332
 $
 $
 $
 $136,332
Farmland 9,421
 
 
 
 9,421
 8,448
 
 
 
 8,448
1 - 4 family residential 134,708
 
 218
 
 134,926
 157,564
 
 259
 
 157,823
Multi-family residential 13,281
 
 
 
 13,281
 38,265
 
 
 
 38,265
Nonfarm nonresidential 327,056
 1,279
 
 
 328,335
Commercial Real Estate 424,247
 5,358
 1,290
 
 430,895
Commercial 268,761
 3,420
 1,228
 
 273,409
 338,701
 6,990
 1,210
 116
 347,017
Consumer 4,278
 
 15
 
 4,293
 3,672
 
 16
 
 3,688
Total $919,896
 $5,355
 $1,461
 $
 $926,712
 $1,107,229
 $12,348
 $2,775
 $116
 $1,122,468



In the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company disclosed a borrowing relationship comprised of loans to multiple affiliated funds in which one of the funds had publicly disclosed that it was subject to ongoing SEC investigations and that the Federal Bureau of Investigation served a search warrant in February 2016 at the fund’s corporate offices in connection with a law enforcement investigation. At that time, the borrowing relationship consisted of four loans to five affiliated funds secured by various assets, including multiple notes made to numerous residential developers in favor of the funds and further secured by deeds of trust. These loans were made to separate and distinct borrowing entities, and are not dependent on each other for repayment. 

At December 31, 2015, the total principal balance outstanding under the borrowing relationship amounted to $25.4 million. Since December 31, 2015, the Company has received $21.2 million in principal payments and three of the four loans have paid in full. As of September 30, 2016, the borrowing relationship consisted of one remaining loan with an outstanding principal balance of $4.2 million of which $3 million is classified as Special Mention and $1.2 million as Pass. This loan matured October 15, 2016 and is in the process of renewal. This loan is considered well-secured and in the process of collection with plans in place for the borrowers to bring the notes fully current. The borrowing relationship is not considered impaired and no specific reserves have been established at this time.
 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2016
 Pass Special
Mention
 Substandard Doubtful Total Pass Special
Mention
 Substandard Doubtful Total
Real estate:                    
Construction and land $126,422
 $
 $
 $
 $126,422
 $162,614
 $
 $
 $
 $162,614
Farmland 11,696
 
 
 
 11,696
 8,262
 
 
 
 8,262
1 - 4 family residential 136,856
 
 848
 
 137,704
 139,212
 710
 215
 
 140,137
Multi-family residential 8,695
 
 
 
 8,695
 14,683
 
 
 
 14,683
Nonfarm nonresidential 282,404
 2,043
 175
 
 284,622
Commercial Real Estate 368,370
 2,326
 
 
 370,696
Commercial 244,948
 573
 527
 76
 246,124
 289,589
 686
 1,034
 107
 291,416
Consumer 5,282
 1
 21
 
 5,304
 4,078
 
 11
 
 4,089
Total $816,303
 $2,617
 $1,571
 $76
 $820,567
 $986,808
 $3,722
 $1,260
 $107
 $991,897
An analysis of the allowance for loan losses for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 20152016 and year ended December 31, 20152016 is as follows:
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
Balance at beginning of year $6,772
 $5,981
 $5,981
 $8,524
 $6,772
 $6,772
Provision charged to earnings 1,610
 868
 258
 1,833
 2,050
 1,372
Charge-offs (309) (140) (126) (622) (333) (249)
Recoveries 29
 63
 101
 5
 35
 15
Net charge-offs (280) (77) (25) (617) (298) (234)
Balance at end of year $8,102
 $6,772
 $6,214
 $9,740
 $8,524
 $7,910
The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans was 0.87%,  0.83%0.86% and 0.82%0.85% as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, December 31, 2016, and June 30, 2016, December 31, 2015, and September 30, 2015, respectively.

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the periods indicated:


  For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
  Real Estate      
  Construction,
Land and
Farmland
 Residential Nonfarm
Non-
Residential
 Commercial Consumer Total
Balance at beginning of period $1,104
 $1,124
 $2,189
 $2,324
 $31
 $6,772
Provision (recapture) charged to earnings 368
 (38) 532
 741
 7
 1,610
Charge-offs 
 
 
 (300) (9) (309)
Recoveries 
 
 
 28
 1
 29
Net charge-offs (recoveries) 
 
 
 (272) (8) (280)
Balance at end of period $1,472
 $1,086
 $2,721
 $2,793
 $30
 $8,102
Period-end amount allocated to:            
Specific reserves:            
Impaired loans $
 $
 $
 $221
 $4
 $225
Total specific reserves 
 
 
 221
 4
 225
General reserves 1,472
 1,086
 2,721
 2,572
 26
 7,877
Total $1,472
 $1,086
 $2,721
 $2,793
 $30
 $8,102

 For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 Real Estate       Real Estate      
 Construction,
Land and
Farmland
 Residential Nonfarm
Non-
Residential
 Commercial Consumer Total Construction,
Land and
Farmland
 Residential Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total
Balance at beginning of period $769
 $1,166
 $1,890
 $2,092
 $64
 $5,981
 $1,415
 $1,116
 $3,003
 $2,955
 $35
 $8,524
Provision (recapture) charged to earnings 383
 (42) 294
 262
 (29) 868
 (291) 370
 554
 1,205
 (5) 1,833
Charge-offs (48) 
 
 (87) (5) (140) 
 (11) 
 (611) 
 (622)
Recoveries 
 
 5
 57
 1
 63
 
 
 
 5
 
 5
Net charge-offs (recoveries) (48) 
 5
 (30) (4) (77) 
 (11) 
 (606) 
 (617)
Balance at end of period $1,104
 $1,124
 $2,189
 $2,324
 $31
 $6,772
 $1,124
 $1,475
 $3,557
 $3,554
 $30
 $9,740
Period-end amount allocated to:                        
Specific reserves:                        
Impaired loans $
 $
 $
 $186
 $7
 $193
 $
 $
 $
 $137
 $1
 $138
Total specific reserves 
 
 
 186
 7
 193
 
 
 
 137
 1
 138
General reserves 1,104
 1,124
 2,189
 2,138
 24
 6,579
 1,124
 1,475
 3,557
 3,417
 29
 9,602
Total $1,104
 $1,124
 $2,189
 $2,324
 $31
 $6,772
 $1,124
 $1,475
 $3,557
 $3,554
 $30
 $9,740



 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
 Real Estate       Real Estate      
 Construction,
Land and
Farmland
 Residential Nonfarm
Non-
Residential
 Commercial Consumer Total Construction,
Land and
Farmland
 Residential Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total
Balance at beginning of year $769
 $1,166
 $1,890
 $2,092
 $64
 $5,981
Balance at beginning of period $1,104
 $1,124
 $2,189
 $2,324
 $31
 $6,772
Provision (recapture) charged to earnings 135
 84
 26
 38
 (25) 258
 311
 (8) 814
 913
 20
 2,050
Charge-offs (48) 
 
 (74) (4) (126) 
 
 
 (314) (19) (333)
Recoveries 
 
 5
 95
 1
 101
 
 
 
 32
 3
 35
Net charge-offs (recoveries) (48) 
 5
 21
 (3) (25) 
 
 
 (282) (16) (298)
Balance at end of year $856
 $1,250
 $1,921
 $2,151
 $36
 $6,214
Balance at end of period $1,415
 $1,116
 $3,003
 $2,955
 $35
 $8,524
Period-end amount allocated to:                        
Specific reserves:                        
Impaired loans $
 $
 $
 $128
 $5
 $133
 $
 $
 $
 $246
 $4
 $250
Total specific reserves 
 
 
 128
 5
 133
 
 
 
 246
 4
 250
General reserves 856
 1,250
 1,921
 2,023
 31
 6,081
 1,415
 1,116
 3,003
 2,709
 31
 8,274
Total $856
 $1,250
 $1,921
 $2,151
 $36
 $6,214
 $1,415
 $1,116
 $3,003
 $2,955
 $35
 $8,524

  For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
  Real Estate      
  Construction,
Land and
Farmland
 Residential Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total
Balance at beginning of year $1,104
 $1,124
 $2,189
 $2,324
 $31
 $6,772
Provision (recapture) charged to earnings 286
 67
 397
 618
 4
 1,372
Charge-offs 
 
 
 (240) (9) (249)
Recoveries 
 
 
 14
 1
 15
Net charge-offs (recoveries) 
 
 
 (226) (8) (234)
Balance at end of year $1,390
 $1,191
 $2,586
 $2,716
 $27
 $7,910
Period-end amount allocated to:            
Specific reserves:            
Impaired loans $
 $
 $
 $80
 $4
 $84
Total specific reserves 
 
 
 80
 4
 84
General reserves 1,390
 1,191
 2,586
 2,636
 23
 7,826
Total $1,390
 $1,191
 $2,586
 $2,716
 $27
 $7,910
The Company’s recorded investment in loans as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 related to the balance in the allowance for loan losses on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology is as follows:
 September 30, 2016 June 30, 2017
 Real Estate       Real Estate      
 Construction,
Land and
Farmland
 Residential Nonfarm
Non-
Residential
 Commercial Consumer Total Construction,
Land and
Farmland
 Residential Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total
Loans individually evaluated for impairment $
 $164
 $384
 $1,020
 $15
 $1,583
 $
 $163
 $1,104
 $793
 $86
 $2,146
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 172,468
 148,043
 327,951
 272,389
 4,278
 925,129
 144,780
 195,925
 429,791
 346,224
 3,602
 1,120,322
Total $172,468
 $148,207
 $328,335
 $273,409
 $4,293
 $926,712
 $144,780
 $196,088
 $430,895
 $347,017
 $3,688
 $1,122,468



 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2016
 Real Estate       Real Estate      
 Construction,
Land and
Farmland
 Residential Nonfarm
Non-
Residential
 Commercial Consumer Total Construction,
Land and
Farmland
 Residential Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total
Loans individually evaluated for impairment $
 $353
 $1,265
 $740
 $21
 $2,379
 $
 $164
 $382
 $955
 $92
 $1,593
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 138,118
 146,046
 283,357
 245,384
 5,283
 818,188
 170,876
 154,656
 370,314
 290,461
 3,997
 990,304
Total $138,118
 $146,399
 $284,622
 $246,124
 $5,304
 $820,567
 $170,876
 $154,820
 $370,696
 $291,416
 $4,089
 $991,897
The Company has acquired certain loans which experienced credit deterioration since origination (purchased credit impaired, or “PCI” loans).which are PCI loans. Accretion on PCI loans is based on estimated future cash flows, regardless of contractual maturity.

Servicing Assets

At SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, the Company was servicing loans of approximately $30,346.$44,720. A summary of the changes in the related servicing assets are as follows:


 Nine Months Ended September 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
Balance at beginning of year $426
 $
 $601
 $426
Servicing asset acquired through acquisition 
 323
Increase from loan sales 231
 60
 281
 111
Amortization charged to income (81) (11) (88) (55)
Balance at end of period $576
 $372
 $794
 $482
The estimated fair value of the servicing assets approximated the carrying amount at SeptemberJune 30, 2017, December 31, 2016, and June 30, 2016. No servicing assets were held by the Company prior to the acquisition of IBT Bancorp, Inc. (“IBT”). Fair value is estimated by discounting estimated future cash flows from the servicing assets using discount rates that approximate current market rates over the expected lives of the loans being serviced. A valuation allowance is recorded when the fair value is below the carrying amount of the asset. At SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, there was no valuation allowance recorded.

The Company may also receive a portion of subsequent interest collections on loans sold that exceed the contractual servicing fee. In that case, the Company records an interest-only strip based on its relative fair market value and the other components of the loans. There was no interest-only strip receivable recorded at SeptemberJune 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

5. Income Taxes

The Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate, before reporting the net impact of discrete items, was approximately 34.2%%34.5% and 33.2%%34.1% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 and 2016, and 2015. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, therespectively. The Company’s effective tax rate, is below the statutory rate, primarily because of tax-exempt income generated from bank owned life insurance and municipal securities. The increase in effective tax rates from the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was affected primarily by increases in the federal statutory rate from 34% to 35%. The Company’s reported effective tax rates after including the net impact of discrete tax items, was approximately 32.0% and 33.9%, respectively, for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015 of 34.1% and 31.2%, respectively, in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

2016. The Company’s provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, was impacted by a net discrete tax benefit of $186$255 primarily associated primarily with the recognition of deferredexcess tax assets related to non-qualified stock options.benefit on share-based payment awards for the six months ended June 30, 2017.

The Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate, before the net impact of discrete items, was approximately 34.8% and 34.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate, after including the net impact of discrete tax items, was approximately 33.3% and 34.1%, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. The Company’s provision was impacted by a net discrete tax benefit of $83 primarily associated with the recognition of excess tax benefit on share-based payment awards for the three months ended June 30, 2017.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the recorded amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes, and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheetssheet as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 is a current tax receivableliability of approximately $754$94 in accrued interest payable and other liabilities and a net deferred tax asset of approximately $1,335$3,452 in other assets. Included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 20152016 is a current tax liabilityreceivable of $488 in accrued interest payable and other liabilities$91 and a net deferred tax asset of $1,532$3,467 in other assets.


6. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company may from time to time be involved in legal actions arising from normal business activities. Management believes that these actions are without merit or that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from them will not materially affect the financial position or results of operations of the Company.

Operating Leases

The Company leases several of its banking facilities under operating leases. Rental expense related to these leases was approximately $1,051$881 and $1,060$684 for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively.

7. Fair Value Disclosures

The authoritative guidance for fair value measurements defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of


a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability shall not be adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact and (iv) willing to transact.

The authoritative guidance requires the use of valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement costs). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, the authoritative guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs. Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs. Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 2 investments consist primarily of obligations of U.S. government sponsored enterprises and agencies, obligations of state and municipal subdivisions, corporate bonds, mortgage‑backedmortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, and asset-backed securities.

Level 3 Inputs. Significant unobservable inputs that reflect an entity’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market‑basedmarket-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.


A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following:

Investment Securities Available For Sale:  Securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For those securities classified as Level 2, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U. S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels or trade execution data for similar securities, market consensus prepayments speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.

The following table summarizes assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:


  Fair Value
Measurements Using
  
  Level 1
Inputs
 Level 2
Inputs
 Level 3
Inputs
 Total
Fair Value
As of September 30, 2016        
Investment securities available for sale $
 $86,772
 $
 $86,772
As of December 31, 2015        
Investment securities available for sale $
 $75,813
 $
 $75,813

The Company records other real estate at fair value less estimated costs to sell at the date of foreclosure. After foreclosure, other real estate is carried at the lower of the initial carrying amount (fair value less estimated costs to sell or lease), or at the value determined by subsequent appraisals or internal valuations of the other real estate. There were no other real estate properties recorded at fair value at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

  Fair Value
Measurements Using
  
  Level 1
Inputs
 Level 2
Inputs
 Level 3
Inputs
 Total
Fair Value
As of June 30, 2017        
Investment securities available for sale $
 $134,708
 $
 $134,708
As of December 31, 2016        
Investment securities available for sale $
 $102,559
 $
 $102,559
There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 or December 31, 2015.

2016.
There were no transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015.

2016.
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a non‑recurringnon-recurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

Assets measured at fair value on a non‑recurringnon-recurring basis include impaired loans and other real estate owned. The fair value of impaired loans with specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses and other real estate owned is based upon recent real estate appraisals less estimated costs of sale. For residential real estate impaired loans and other real estate owned, appraised values are based on the comparative sales approach. For commercial and commercial real estate impaired loans and other real estate owned, appraisers may use either a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches such as comparative sales, cost or the income approach. A significant unobservable input in the income approach is the estimated income capitalization rate for a given piece of collateral. Adjustments to appraisals may be made to reflect local market conditions or other economic factors and may result in changes in the fair value of a given asset over time. As such, the fair value of impaired loans and other real estate owned are considered a Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company recovers the carrying value of other real estate owned through the sale of the property. The ability to affect future sales prices is subject to market conditions and factors beyond the Company’s control and may impact the estimated fair value of a property.

Appraisals for impaired loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified general appraisers whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once reviewed, a member of the credit department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparisons to independent data sources such as recent market data or industry wide‑statistics.wide-statistics. On a periodic basis, the Company compares the actual selling price of collateral that has been sold to the most recent appraised value to determine what additional adjustments, if any, should be made to the appraisal value to arrive at fair value.



The following table summarizes assets measured at fair value on a non‑recurringnon-recurring basis as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:
 Fair Value
Measurements Using
   Fair Value
Measurements Using
  
 Level 1
Inputs
 Level 2
Inputs
 Level 3
Inputs
 Total
Fair Value
 Level 1
Inputs
 Level 2
Inputs
 Level 3
Inputs
 Total
Fair Value
As of September 30, 2016                    
As of June 30, 2017                    
Assets:                
Impaired loans $
 $
 $1,583
 $1,583
 $
 $
 $2,008
 $2,008
Other real estate owned $
 $
 $
 $
As of December 31, 2015        
As of December 31, 2016        
Assets:                
Impaired loans $
 $
 $2,379
 $2,379
 $
 $
 $1,343
 $1,343
Other real estate owned $
 $
 $
 $
At SeptemberJune 30, 2017, impaired loans had a carrying value of $2,146, with $138 specific allowance for loan loss allocated.
At December 31, 2016, impaired loans had a carrying value of $1,583,$1,593, with $225$250 specific allowance for loan loss allocated.

At December 31, 2015, impaired loans had a carrying value of $2,379, with $193 specific allowance for loan loss allocated.

There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 or December 31, 2015.

2016.
For Level 3 financial assets measured at fair value as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:
September 30, 2016
June 30, 2017June 30, 2017
   Valuation Unobservable Weighted   Valuation Unobservable Weighted
Assets/Liabilities Fair Value Technique Input(s) Average Fair Value Technique Input(s) Average
Impaired loans $1,583
 Collateral Method Adjustments for selling costs 8% $2,008
 Collateral Method Adjustments for selling costs 8%
Other real estate owned $
 Collateral Method Adjustments for selling costs 8%
December 31, 2015
December 31, 2016December 31, 2016
   Valuation Unobservable Weighted   Valuation Unobservable Weighted
Assets/Liabilities Fair Value Technique Input(s) Average Fair Value Technique Input(s) Average
Impaired loans $2,379
 Collateral Method Adjustments for selling costs 8% $1,343
 Collateral Method Adjustments for selling costs 8%
Other real estate owned $
 Collateral Method Adjustments for selling costs 8%
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company is required under current authoritative guidance to disclose the estimated fair value of its financial instrument assets and liabilities including those subject to the requirements discussed above. For the Company, as for most financial institutions, substantially all of its assets and liabilities are considered financial instruments, as defined. Many of the Company’s financial instruments, however, lack an available trading market as characterized by a willing buyer and willing seller engaging in an exchange transaction.

The estimated fair value amounts of financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret data to develop an estimate of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or valuation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. In addition, reasonable comparability between financial institutions may not be likely due to the wide range of permitted valuation techniques and numerous estimates that must be made given the absence of active secondary markets for many of the financial instruments. This lack of uniform valuation methodologies also introduces a greater degree of subjectivity to these estimated fair values.



The methods and assumptions used by the Company in estimating fair values of financial instruments as disclosed herein in accordance with ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, other than for those measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis discussed above, are as follows:


Cash and cash equivalents:  The carrying amountsamount of cash and cash equivalents approximateapproximates their fair value.

Loans and loans held for sale:  For variable‑ratevariable-rate loans that reprice frequently and have no significant changes in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for certain mortgage loans (for example, 1-4 family residential), commercial real estate and commercial loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality.

Servicing assets:  The estimated fair value of the servicing assets approximated the carrying amount at SeptemberJune 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Fair value is estimated by discounting estimated future cash flows from the servicing assets using discount rates that approximate current market rates over the expected lives of the loans being serviced. A valuation allowance is recorded when the fair value is below the carrying amount of the asset. At SeptemberJune 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 no valuation allowance was recorded.

Bank‑ownedBank-owned life insurance: The carrying amounts of bank‑ownedbank-owned life insurance approximate their fair value.

Non‑marketableNon-marketable equity securities: The carrying value of restricted securities such as stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas and Independent Bankers Financial Corporation approximates fair value.

Deposits: The fair values disclosed for demand deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (that is their carrying amounts). The carrying amounts of variable‑ratevariable-rate certificates of deposit (“CDs”) approximate their fair values at the reporting date. Fair values for fixed‑ratefixed-rate CDs are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank: The fair value of advances maturing within 90 days approximates carrying value. Fair value of other advances is based on the Company’s current borrowing rate for similar arrangements.

Junior subordinated debentures and subordinated notes: The fair values are based upon prevailing rates on similar debt in the market place.

Accrued interest: The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate their fair values due to short-term maturity.

Off‑balanceOff-balance sheet instruments: Commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are generally priced at market at the time of funding and were not material to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.



The estimated fair values and carrying values of all financial instruments under current authoritative guidance as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 were as follows:
 September 30, December 31, June 30, December 31,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
 Carrying
Amount
 Fair
Value
 Carrying
Amount
 Fair
Value
 Carrying
Amount
 Fair
Value
 Carrying
Amount
 Fair
Value
Financial assets:                
Level 1 inputs:                
Cash and cash equivalents $178,587
 $178,587
 $71,551
 $71,551
 $173,146
 $173,146
 $234,791
 $234,791
Level 2 inputs:                
Investment securities 86,772
 86,772
 $75,813
 $75,813
 134,708
 134,708
 102,559
 102,559
Loans held for sale 4,856
 4,856
 2,831
 2,831
 4,118
 4,118
 5,208
 5,208
Accrued interest receivable 2,414
 2,414
 2,216
 2,216
 3,333
 3,333
 2,907
 2,907
Bank-owned life insurance 19,922
 19,922
 19,459
 19,459
 20,369
 20,369
 20,077
 20,077
Servicing asset 576
 576
 426
 426
 794
 794
 601
 601
Non-marketable equity securities 7,358
 7,358
 4,167
 4,167
 7,407
 7,407
 7,366
 7,366
Level 3 inputs:                
Loans, net 918,559
 920,126
 813,733
 811,455
 1,112,688
 1,120,692
 983,318
 987,021
Financial liabilities:                
Level 2 inputs:                
Deposits $1,077,217
 $1,059,415
 $868,410
 $844,966
 $1,211,107
 $1,158,631
 $1,119,630
 $1,085,888
Advances from FHLB 38,341
 38,596
 28,444
 28,826
 38,235
 38,280
 38,306
 38,570
Accrued interest payable 130
 130
 108
 108
 125
 125
 141
 141
Junior subordinated debentures 3,093
 3,093
 3,093
 3,093
 3,093
 3,093
 3,093
 3,093
Subordinated notes 4,984
 4,984
 4,983
 4,983
 4,946
 4,946
 4,942
 4,942

8. Financial Instruments with Off‑BalanceOff-Balance Sheet Risk

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off‑balanceoff-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on balance sheet instruments.

The following table sets forth the approximate amounts of these financial instruments as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015:2016:
 September 30, December 31, June 30, December 31,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
Commitments to extend credit $242,330
 $236,678
 $269,863
 $236,919
Standby and commercial letters of credit 6,728
 1,950
 5,936
 6,933
 $249,058
 $238,628
 $275,799
 $243,852
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not


necessarily represent future cash requirements. Management evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case‑by‑casecase-by-case basis.


The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company’s policy for obtaining collateral and the nature of such collateral is essentially the same as that involved in making commitments to extend credit.

Although the maximum exposure to loss is the amount of such commitments, management currently anticipates no material losses from such activities.

9. Employee Benefits

Defined Contribution Plan

The Company maintains a retirement savings 401(k) profit sharing plan (“Plan”) in which substantially all employees may participate. The Plan provides for “before tax” employee contributions through salary reductions under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company may make a discretionary match of employees’ contributions based on a percentage of salary deferrals and certain discretionary profit sharing contributions. No matching contributions to the Plan were made for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015.

2016.
ESOP

Effective January 1, 2012, the Company adopted the Veritex Community Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) covering all employees that meet certain age and service requirements. Plan assets are held and managed by the Company. Shares of the Company’s common stock purchased by the ESOP are held in a suspense account until released for allocation to participants. Shares released are allocated to each eligible participant based on the participant’s 401(k) contribution made during that year. Compensation expense is measured based upon the expected amount of the Company’s discretionary contribution that is determined on an annual basis and is accrued ratably over the year. Shares are committed to be released to settle the liability upon formal declaration of the contribution at the end of the year. The number of shares released to settle the liability is based upon fair value of the shares and become outstanding shares for earnings per share computations. The cost of shares issued to the ESOP, but not yet committed to be released, is shown as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. To the extent that the fair value of the ESOP shares differs from the cost of such shares, the difference is charged or credited to stockholders’ equity as additional paid in capital.

In January 2014, the ESOP borrowed $500 from the Company and purchased 46,082 shares of the Company'sCompany’s common stock. The ESOP debt is secured by shares of the Company. The loan will be repaid from contributions to the ESOP from the Company. As the debt is repaid, shares are released from collateral and allocated to employees’ accounts. The shares pledged as collateral are reported as unearned ESOP shares in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Compensation expense attributed to the ESOP contributions recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 20152016 was approximately $143$57 and $135,$92, respectively.

The following is a summary of ESOP shares as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015:2016:
 September 30, December 31, June 30, December 31,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
Allocated shares 35,047
 35,047
 44,257
 44,257
Unearned shares 27,993
 27,993
 18,783
 18,783
Total ESOP shares 63,040
 63,040
 63,040
 63,040
Fair value of unearned shares $487
 $454
 $495
 $502


10. Stock and Incentive Plans

Plan
2010 Stock Option and Equity Incentive Plan

In 2010, the Company adopted the 2010 Stock Option and Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Incentive Plan”), which the Company’s shareholders approved in 2011. The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to grants or options under the 2010 Incentive Plan is 1,000,000.  The 2010 Incentive Plan is administered by the Board of Directors and provides for both the direct award of stock and the grant of stock options to eligible directors, officers, employees and outside consultants of the Company or its affiliates as defined in the 2010 Incentive Plan. The Company may grant either incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options as directed in the 2010 Incentive Plan.

The Board of Directors authorized the 2010 Incentive Plan to provide for the award of 100,000 shares of direct stock awards (restricted shares) and 900,000 shares of stock options, of which 500,000 shares are performance‑basedperformance-based stock options. Options are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of the grant; those option awards generally vest based on 5 years of continuous service and have 10-year contractual terms for non‑controllingnon-controlling participants as defined by the 2010 Incentive Plan, and forfeiture of unexercised options upon termination of employment with the Company. Other grant terms can vary for controlling participants as defined by the 2010 Incentive Plan. Restricted share awards generally vest after 4 years of continuous service. The terms of the Incentive Plan include a provision whereby all unearned non‑performancenon-performance options and restricted shares become immediately exercisable and fully vested upon a change in control.

With the adoption of the 2014 Omnibus Plan, which is discussed below, the Company does not plan to award any additional grants or options under the 2010 Incentive Plan.

During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, the Company did not award any restricted stock units, non-performance‑basednon-performance-based stock options or performance‑basedperformance-based stock options under the 2010 Incentive Plan.

Stock based compensation expense is measured based upon the fair market value of the award at the grant date and is recognized ratably over the period during which the shares are earned (the requisite service period). For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, approximately $86 and $163 of stockStock compensation expense related to the 2010 Incentive Plan respectively, was recognized in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

income totaled $20 and $42 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and $29 and $57 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively.
A summary of option activity under the 2010 Incentive Plan for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, and changes during the period then ended is presented below:
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016  For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 Nonperformance-based stock options  Non-performance-based Stock Options
 
Shares
Underlying
Options
 
Weighted
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term
  
Shares
Underlying
Options
 
Weighted
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term
Outstanding at beginning of year 325,500
 $10.15
 5.56 years  325,500
 $10.15
 4.56 years
Granted during the period 
 
  
 
 
Forfeited during the period 
 
   
 
 
Canceled during the period 
 
  
 
 
Exercised during the period 
 
   (15,000) 10.00
  
Outstanding at the end of period 325,500
 $10.15
 4.81 years  310,500
 $10.16
 4.09 years
Options exercisable at end of period 303,700
 $10.09
 4.68 years  297,000
 $10.12
 4.00 years
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period   $
    $
 



 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015  For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
 Nonperformance-based stock options  Non-performance-based Stock Options
 
Shares
Underlying
Options
 
Weighted
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term
  
Shares
Underlying
Options
 
Weighted
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term
Outstanding at beginning of year 352,500
 $10.14
 6.58 years  325,500
 $10.15
 5.56 years
Granted during the period 
 
    
 
  
Forfeited during the period (6,000) 10.00
    
 
  
Exercised during the period (21,000) 10.00
    
 
  
Outstanding at the end of period 325,500
 $10.14
 5.81 years  325,500
 $10.15
 5.06 years
Options exercisable at end of period 236,200
 $10.07
 5.65 years  298,200
 $10.09
 4.91 years
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period  
 $
     
 $
  
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, December 31, 20152016 and SeptemberJune 30, 2015,2016, the aggregate intrinsic value was $2,357, $1,971$5,022, $5,390 and $1,780,$1,911, respectively, for outstanding non-performance‑basednon-performance-based stock options, $2,217,  $1,462$4,814,  $5,086 and $1,311,$1,768, respectively, for exercisable non-performance‑basednon-performance-based stock options.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, December 31, 20152016 and SeptemberJune 30, 2015,2016, there was approximately $28, $51$15, $21 and $92$36, respectively, of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-performance‑basednon-performance-based stock options. The unrecognized compensation expense at SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average requisite service period of 1.61 years.

1.00 year.
A summary of the status of the Company’s restricted stock units under the 2010 incentive planIncentive Plan as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, and changes during the ninesix months ended then ended is as follows:
 2016 2015 2017 2016
 Shares 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 Shares Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 Shares 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 Shares Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 39,750
 $11.34
 62,250
 $10.86
 27,750
 $11.92
 39,750
 $11.34
Granted during the period 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vested during the period (12,000) 10.00
 (20,000) 10.00
 (1,000) 10.85
 (6,000) 10.00
Forfeited during the period 
 
 (1,000) 10.00
 (500) 10.85
 
 
Nonvested at September 30, 27,750
 $11.92
 41,250
 $11.30
Nonvested at June 30, 26,250
 $11.98
 33,750
 $11.58
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2015, there was $111,  $174,$54,  $90, and $194$132, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock units. The unamortized compensation expense as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average requisite service period of 1.440.74 years.

The fair value of non-performance-based stock options that were exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $422 and $0, respectively. The fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $26 and $97, respectively.
2014 Omnibus Plan

In September of 2014, the Company adopted an omnibus incentive plan or the 2014 Omnibus Plan (“2014(the “2014 Omnibus Plan”). The purpose of the 2014 Omnibus Plan is to align the long‑termlong-term financial interests of the employees, directors, consultants and other service providers with those of the shareholders, to attract and retain those employees, directors, consultants and other service providers by providing compensation opportunities that are competitive with other companies and to provide incentives to those individuals who contribute significantly to the Company’s long‑termlong-term performance and growth. To accomplish these goals, the 2014 Omnibus Plan permits the issuance of stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, deferred shares, unrestricted shares and cash‑basedcash-based awards. The maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued pursuant to grants or options under the 2014 Omnibus Plan is 1,000,000.



During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 , the Company awarded 25,06031,375 non-performance restricted stock units, 34,190 performanced25,522 performance based restricted, and 76,286 non-performance‑based65,440 non-performance-based stock options under the 2014 Omnibus Plan. During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015 ,2016, the Company awarded 8,00022,060 non-performance based restricted stock units, and 25,47434,190 market condition restricted stock units, and 52,080 non-performance‑based71,286 non-performance-based stock options under the 2014 Omnibus Plan.



The non-performance options generally vest equally over three years from the grant date. The performance-based restricted stock units include a market condition based on the Company’s total shareholder return relative to a market index that determines the number of restricted stock units that may vest equally over a three-year period from the date of grant.The non-performance restricted stock units fully vest over the requisite service period generally ranging from one to five years.

Stock based compensation expense is measured based upon the fair market value of the award at the grant date and is recognized ratably over the period during which the shares are earned (the requisite service period). For the ninethree and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, compensation expense for option awards granted under the 2014 Omnibus Plan was approximately $97 and $194, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, compensation expense for restricted stock unit awards granted under the 2014 Omnibus Plan was approximately $277 and $555 respectively.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, compensation expense for option awards granted under the 2014 Omnibus Plan was approximately $53 and $104, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, compensation expense for restricted stock unit awards granted under the 2014 Omnibus Plan was approximately $159 and $302, for options and restricted stock units, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compensation expense for awards granted under the 2014 Omnibus Plan was approximately $55 and $226 for options and restricted stock units, respectively.

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the grant date using the Black‑Scholes option‑pricingBlack-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions used for the grants:
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
Dividend yield 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Expected life 5.0 to 6.5 years 6.0 to 6.5 years 5.0 to 7.5 years 5.0 to 6.5 years
Expected volatility 33.37% to 37.55% 37.00% to 37.55% 32.10% to 37.55% 35.23% to 37.55%
Risk-free interest rate 1.06% to 2.01% 1.76% to 1.81% 1.06% to 2.32% 1.26% to 2.01%
The expected life is based on the amount of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s history. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company as well as the volatility of certain comparable public company peers. The risk‑freerisk-free interest rates are based upon yields of U.S. Treasury issues with a term equal to the expected life of the option being valued.

A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options under the 2014 Omnibus Plan as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, and changes during the ninesix months ended is as follows:
 2016 2015 2017 2016
 Nonperformance-based stock options Nonperformance-based stock options Non-performance-based Stock Options Non-performance-based Stock Options
 Shares
Underlying
Options
 Weighted
Exercise
Price
 Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term
 Shares
Underlying
Options
 Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term
 Shares
Underlying
Options
 Weighted
Exercise
Price
 Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term
 Shares
Underlying
Options
 Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term
Outstanding at beginning of year 52,080
 $14.35
 9.12 years 
 $
  128,366
 $15.32
 8.69 years 52,080
 $14.35
 9.12 years
Granted during the period 76,286
 15.98
 52,080
 14.35
  65,440
 26.89
 71,286
 15.88
 
Forfeited during the period 
 
 
 
  (3,465) 21.24
 
 
 
Canceled during the period 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Exercised during the period 
 
 
 
  (1,544) 15.00
 
 
 
Outstanding at the end of period 128,366
 $15.32
 8.94 years 52,080
 $14.35
 9.37 years 188,797
 $19.22
 8.63 years 123,366
 $15.23
 9.16 years
Options exercisable at end of period 16,293
 $14.28
 8.33 years 
 $
  51,204
 $14.96
 7.93 years 14,693
 $14.17
 8.51 years
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period   $5.69
   $5.57
    $10.22
   $6.09
 



As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, December 31, 20152016 and SeptemberJune 30, 20152016 the aggregate intrinsic value was $266,$1,342,  $1,462 and $97, and $66respectively, for outstanding stock options under the 2014 Omnibus plan.Plan. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 the aggregate intrinsic value was $51$582, $203, and $27, respectively, for exercisable stock options outstanding under the 2014 Omnibus Plan, and there were no exercisable stock options outstanding under the 2014 Omnibus Plan as of December 31, 2015 or September 30, 2015.


Plan.

A summary of the status of the Company’s non-performance based restricted stock units under the 2014 Omnibus Plan as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, and changes during the ninesix months ended is as follows:
 2016 2015 2017 2016
 Non-performance Based Non-performance Based Non-performance Based Non-performance Based
 Restricted stock units Restricted stock units Restricted Stock Units Restricted Stock Units
 Shares 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 Shares Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 Units 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 Units Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 70,919
 $13.29
 82,903
 $13.00
 67,956
 $13.79
 70,919
 $13.29
Granted during the period 25,060
 15.83
 8,000
 15.58
 31,375
 27.49
 22,060
 15.63
Vested during the period (9,716) 16.04
 (784) 13.00
 (8,475) 25.42
 (5,476) 16.07
Forfeited during the period 
 
 (3,533) 13.00
 (2,250) 27.93
 
 
Nonvested at September 30, 86,263
 $13.72
 86,586
 $13.24
Nonvested at June 30, 88,606
 $17.17
 87,503
 $13.70

A summary of the status of the Company’s performance based restricted stock units under the 2014 Omnibus Plan as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, and changes during the ninesix months ended is as follows:

 2016 2015 2017 2016
 Performance Based Performance Based Performance Based Performance Based
 Restricted stock units Restricted stock units Restricted Stock Units Restricted Stock Units
 Shares 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 Shares Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 Units 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 Units Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 25,474
 $9.45
 
 $
 51,197
 $8.72
 25,474
 $9.45
Granted during the period 34,190
 9.52
 25,474
 9.45
 25,522
 24.34
 34,190
 9.52
Vested during the period (8,467) 14.17
 
 
 (19,861) 15.34
 (8,467) 14.17
Forfeited during the period 
 
 
 
 (2,014) 15.68
 
 
Nonvested at September 30, 51,197
 $8.72
 25,474
 $9.45
Nonvested at June 30, 54,844
 $13.33
 51,197
 $8.72
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2015 there was $478,  $187$881,  $425 and $208$507 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to options awarded under the 2014 Omnibus Plan, respectively. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2015 there was $1,373,  $979$1,923,  $1,089 and $1,060$1,348 of total unrecognized compensation related to restricted stock units awarded under the 2014 Omnibus Plan, respectively.

The fair value of the exercised non-performance-based stock options, vested non-performance restricted stock units, and vested performance based restricted stock units during the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $41, $233, and $530, respectively. For the same period in 2016 the fair value of exercised non-performance-based stock options, vested non-performance restricted stock units, and vested performance based restricted stock units was $0, $87, and $137, respectively.
The compensation expense related to these options and restricted stock units is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average requisite service periods of 2.502.45 and 2.702.44 years, respectively.



11. Significant Concentrations of Credit Risk

Most of the Company’s business activity is with customers located within the Dallas metropolitan area. Such customers are normally also depositors of the Company.

The distribution of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution of loans outstanding. Commercial and standby letters of credit were granted primarily to commercial borrowers.


The contractual amounts of credit related financial instruments such as commitments to extend credit, credit card arrangements, and letters of credit represent the amounts of potential accounting loss should the contract be fully drawn upon, the customer default, and the value of any existing collateral become worthless.

12. Preferred Stock

On August 25, 2011, the Company entered into a Small Business Lending Fund‑Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SBLF Purchase Agreement”) with the Secretary of the Treasury (the “Treasury”), pursuant to which the Company sold 8,000 shares of the Company’s Senior Non‑Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C (the “SBLF Preferred Stock”) to the Treasury for a purchase price of $8,000. The issuance was pursuant to the Small Business Lending Fund (“SBLF”) program, a fund established under the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 that was created to encourage lending to small businesses by providing capital to qualified community banks.

The SBLF Preferred Stock qualifies as Tier 1 capital and pays non-cumulative dividends quarterly, on each January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1. The dividend rate, as a percentage of the liquidation amount, can fluctuate on a quarterly basis during the first 10 quarters during which the SBLF Preferred Stock is outstanding, based upon changes in the level of “Qualified Small Business Lending” or “QBSL” (as defined in the SBLF Purchase Agreement) by the Bank. Based upon the increase in the Bank’s level of QBSL over the baseline level calculated under the terms of the SBLF Purchase Agreement, the dividend rate for the initial dividend period for the Company was set at 1%. For the tenth calendar quarter through 4.5 years after issuance, the dividend rate will be fixed and as of December 22, 2015 was set at 1% based upon the increase in QBSL as compared to the baseline.

The SBLF Preferred Stock may be redeemed at any time at the Company’s option, at a redemption price of 100% of the liquidation amount of $1,000 per share plus accrued but unpaid dividends to the date of redemption for the current period, subject to the approval of its federal banking regulator.

On December 22, 2015, the Company redeemed all 8,000 shares of SBLF Preferred Stock at its liquidation value of $1,000 per share plus accrued dividends for a total redemption amount of $8,018. The redemption was approved by the Company’s primary federal regulator and was funded with the Company’s surplus capital. Immediately after the redemption, the Company’s capital ratios remained in excess of those levels necessary to be categorized as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. The redemption terminated the Company’s participation in the SBLF program. 

13. Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Retained Earnings

Under U.S. banking law, there are legal restrictions limiting the amount of dividends the Company can declare. Approval of the regulatory authorities is required if the effect of the dividends declared would cause regulatory capital of the Company to fall below specified minimum levels.

The Company on a consolidated basis and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and certain off balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

In July 2013, the Federal Reserve published final rules for the adoption of the Basel III regulatory capital framework (the “Basel III Capital Rules”). The Basel III Capital Rules, among other things, (i) introduce a new capital measure called “Common Equity Tier 1” (“CET1”), (ii) specify that Tier 1 capital consist of Common Equity Tier 1 and “Additional Tier 1 Capital” instruments meeting specified requirements, (iii) define Common Equity Tier 1 narrowly by requiring that most deductions/adjustments to


regulatory capital measures be made to Common Equity Tier 1 and not to the other components of capital and (iv) expand the scope of the deductions/adjustments as compared to existing regulations. The Basel III Capital Rules became effective for the Company on January 1, 2015 with certain transition provisions to be fully phased in by January 1, 2019.

Starting in January 2016, the implementation of the capital conservation buffer became effective for the Company starting at the 0.625% level and increasing 0.625% each year thereafter, until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress and effectively increases the minimum required risk-weighted capital ratios. Failure to meet the full amount of the buffer will result in restrictions on the Company’s ability to make capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, and to pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers. 

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total, CET1 and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined).

Management believes, as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 that the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Company’s and the Bank’s capital ratios exceeded those levels necessary to be categorized as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well capitalized,” the Company and the Bank must maintain minimum total risk‑based,risk-based, CET1, Tier 1 risk‑basedrisk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 that management believes have changed the Company’s categorization as “well capitalized.”



A comparison of the Company’s and Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios to required capital amounts and ratios is presented in the following table:
 Actual   
For Capital 
Adequacy Purposes
   
To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
 Actual   
For Capital 
Adequacy Purposes
   
To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
 Amount Ratio   Amount   Ratio   Amount   Ratio Amount Ratio   Amount   Ratio   Amount   Ratio
As of September 30, 2016            
As of June 30, 2017            
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)                        
Company $130,104
 13.38%  $77,790
  8.0%  n/a
  n/a
 $236,955
 18.92% $100,192
 8.0% n/a
 n/a
Bank $126,019
 12.97%  $77,730
  8.0%  $97,162
  10.0% 139,381
 11.14% 100,094
 8.0% $125,118
 10.0%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)                        
Company $117,018
 12.04%  $58,315
  6.0%  n/a
  n/a
 222,269
 17.75% 75,133
 6.0% n/a
 n/a
Bank $117,917
 12.14%  $58,279
  6.0%  $77,705
  8.0% 129,642
 10.36% 75,082
 6.0% 100,110
 8.0
Common equity tier 1 to risk-weighted assets                        
Company $113,925
 11.72%  $43,743
  4.5%  n/a
  n/a
 219,176
 17.50% 56,360
 4.5% n/a
 n/a
Bank $117,917
 12.14%  $43,709
  4.5%  $63,135
  6.5% 129,642
 10.36% 56,312
 4.5% 81,339
 6.5
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)                        
Company $117,018
 9.82%  $47,665
  4.0%  n/a
  n/a
 222,269
 15.09% 58,918
 4.0% n/a
 n/a
Bank $117,917
 9.90%  $47,643
  4.0%  $59,554
  5.0% 129,642
 8.81% 58,861
 4.0% 73,577
 5.0
As of December 31, 2015            
As of December 31, 2016            
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)                        
Company $119,208
 14.25%  $66,924
  8.0%  n/a
  n/a
 $228,566
 22.02% $83,039
 8.0% n/a
 n/a
Bank $104,427
 12.49%  $66,887
  8.0%  $83,608
  10.0% 130,237
 12.55% 83,020
 8.0% $103,775
 10.0%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)                        
Company $107,453
 12.85%  $50,173
  6.0%  n/a
  n/a
 215,057
 20.72% 62,275
 6.0% n/a
 n/a
Bank $97,655
 11.68%  $50,165
  6.0%  $66,887
  8.0% 121,713
 11.73% 62,257
 6.0% 83,010
 8.0
Common equity tier 1 to risk-weighted assets                        
Company $104,360
 12.48%  $37,630
  4.5%  n/a
  n/a
 211,964
 20.42% 46,711
 4.5% n/a
 n/a
Bank $97,655
 11.68%  $37,624
  4.5%  $54,346
  6.5% 121,713
 11.73% 46,693
 4.5% 67,445
 6.5
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)                        
Company $107,453
 10.75%  $39,983
  4.0%  n/a
  n/a
 $215,057
 16.82% 51,143
 4.0% n/a
 n/a
Bank $97,655
 9.78%  $39,941
  4.0%  $49,926
  5.0% 121,713
 9.52% 51,140
 4.0% 63,925
 5.0
13. Business Combinations
Pending Merger with Sovereign Bancshares, Inc.
On December 14, 2016, the Company entered into a definitive agreement ("the merger agreement") with Dallas-based Sovereign Bancshares, Inc. ("Sovereign") and its wholly-owned subsidiary Sovereign Bank. The merger agreement provides for the merger of Spartan Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, with and into Sovereign. Following the merger, Sovereign will merge with and into the Company with the Company surviving and Sovereign Bank will merge with and into Veritex Community Bank with Veritex Community Bank surviving. As of June 30, 2017, Sovereign reported, on a consolidated basis, total assets of $1.0 billion and total deposits of $813.0 million. Upon the completion of the proposed merger with Sovereign, the Company expects to acquire Sovereign’s seven additional branches in the Dallas-Forth Worth metroplex, two branches in the Austin, Texas metropolitan area and one branch in the Houston, Texas metropolitan area. Under the terms of the merger agreement, the Company will issue 5,117,647 shares of its common stock and will pay approximately $58.0 million in cash for all of the shares of Sovereign’s common stock, subject to certain conditions and potential adjustments as described in the merger agreement.


Additionally, under the terms of the merger agreement, each of Sovereign’s 24,500 shares of senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C, no par value (“Sovereign SBLF Preferred Stock”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time shall be converted into one share of Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual, Series D preferred stock of the Company (“Veritex Series D Preferred Stock”). Each share of the Veritex Series D Preferred Stock would provide the same rights, preferences, privileges and voting powers, and be subject to the same limitations and restrictions, as Sovereign SBLF Preferred Stock, taken as a whole, existing immediately prior to the consummation of the merger. In connection with consummation of the transaction, the merger agreement provides that two representatives of Sovereign’s board of directors will join the Company’s board of directors. The merger agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by the Company and Sovereign. On April 6, 2017, the Company and Sovereign each held a special meeting of its shareholders where the Company’s shareholders approved the issuance of the shares of common stock and Sovereign’s shareholders approved the merger agreement. On July 7, 2017, the Company received the regulatory approval from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the merger is expected to close on or about August 1, 2017, subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the customary closing conditions outlined in the merger agreement.


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) as well as with our condensed financial statements and notes thereto appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.2016. Except where the content otherwise requires or when otherwise indicates,indicated, the terms “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “our business” refer to Veritex Holdings, Inc. and our banking subsidiary, Veritex Community Bank.

This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties and are based on certain assumptions that we believe are reasonable but may prove to be inaccurate. Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those set forth under “Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”, may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected results discussed in the forward-looking statements appearing in this discussion and analysis. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements. For additional information concerning forward-looking statements, please read “—Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below.

Overview

We are a bank holding company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Veritex Community Bank, a Texas state chartered bank, we provide relationship-driven commercial banking products and services tailored to meet the needs of small to medium-sized businesses and professionals. Since our inception, we have targeted customers and focused our acquisitions primarily in the Dallas metropolitan area, which we consider to be Dallas and the adjacent communities in North Dallas. As we continue to grow,a result of our pending acquisition of Sovereign, we expect to expand our primary market to include the broader Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, which also encompasses Fort Worth and Arlington, as well as the communities adjacent to those cities.Houston and Austin metropolitan areas. We currently operate teneleven branches and one mortgage office, all of which are located in the Dallas metropolitan area. As we continue to grow, we may expand to other metropolitan markets within the State of Texas. We have experienced significant organic growth since commencing banking operations in 2010 and have successfully acquired and integrated four banks. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, we had total assets of $1.3$1.5 billion, total loans of $926.7 million,$1.1 billion, total deposits of $1.1$1.2 billion and total stockholders’ equity of $142.4$247.6 million.

As a bank holding company operating through one segment, community banking, we generate most of our revenues from interest income on loans, customer service and loan fees, gains on sale of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) guaranteed loans and mortgage loans, and interest income from securities. We incur interest expense on deposits and other borrowed funds and noninterest expense, such as salaries and employee benefits and occupancy expenses. We analyze our ability to maximize income generated from interest earning assets and expense of our liabilities through our net interest margin. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, which are used to fund those assets.

Changes in the market interest rates and interest rates we earn on interest-earning assets or pay on interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the volume and types of interest-earning assets, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity, are usually the largest drivers of periodic changes in net interest spread, net interest margin and net interest income. Fluctuations in market interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international conditions and conditions in domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in Texas and specifically in the Dallas metropolitan area, as well as developments affecting the real estate, technology, financial services, insurance, transportation, manufacturing and energy sectors within our target market and throughout the State of Texas.

Certain Events Affect Year-Over-Year Comparability

The comparability of our condensed consolidated results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015 is affected by the IBT acquisition, which closed on July 1, 2015.



Results of Operations for the NineSix Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and SeptemberJune 30, 20152016

Net Interest Income

Our operating results depend primarily on our net interest income, calculated as the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Fluctuations in market interest rates impact the yield and rates paid on interest sensitive assets and liabilities. Changes in the amount and type of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities also impact net interest income. The variance driven by the changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities is referred to as a “volume change.” Changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowed funds are referred to as a “rate change.”

To evaluate net interest income, we measure and monitor (1) yields on our loans and other interest-earning assets, (2) the costs of our deposits and other funding sources, (3) our net interest spread and (4) our net interest margin. Net interest spread is the difference between rates earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Because noninterest-bearing sources of funds, such as noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity also fund interest-earning assets, net interest margin includes the benefit of these noninterest-bearing sources.

For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, net interest income totaled $30.4$23.6 million and net interest margin and net interest spread were 3.82%3.37% and 3.58%3.07%, respectively. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015,2016, net interest income totaled $22.4$19.9 million and net interest margin and net interest spread were 3.81%3.89% and 3.54%3.66%, respectively. The increase in net interest income of $8.0$3.7 million was due to $9.0$3.5 million in increased interest income on loans resulting from organic growth as average loan balances increased $242.9$153.7 million compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015.2016. The increasedecline in net interest margin and net interest spread was primarily attributable to an increase of 0.08%a 45 basis point decrease in the average yield on interest-bearinginterest-earning assets. This increasedecrease was due a change in the mix of interest-earning assets as average interest-earning deposits in financial institutionsother banks as a percentage of total interest-bearingaverage interest-earning assets decreasedincreased from 8.3%6.3% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20152016 to 7.0%17.5% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. Interest-earning deposits in other banks traditionally provide lower average yields than other interest earning assets such as loans and investment securities.

For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, interest expense totaled $3.9$3.7 million and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 0.73%0.83%. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015,2016, interest expense totaled $2.5$2.3 million and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 0.69%. The increase in interest expense of $1.4 million was primarily due to a $1.3$1.4 million increase in deposit-related interest expense resulting from average interest-bearing deposit increases of $203.8$243.2 million to $656.8$864.5 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 from $453.0$621.4 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015.2016. The increase in interest expense was primarily the result of increases in money market accounts as balances increased $127.0$152.7 million and interest expense paid on these balances increased $951 thousand.

$1.2 million. The increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities of 0.04%14 basis points was primarily due to a 0.08%14 basis point increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities from 0.69%deposits to 0.79% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 from 0.61%0.65% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015.2016. This increase was the result of an 0.15%a 23 basis point increase in the average interest rate paid on money market accounts from 0.57%0.68% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20152016 to 0.72%0.91% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017.



The following table presents, for the periods indicated, an analysis of net interest income by each major category of interest-earning assets and interest–bearing liabilities, the average amounts outstanding and the interest earned or paid on such amounts. The table also sets forth the average rate earned on interest-earning assets, the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, and the net interest margin on average total interest-earning assets for the same periods. Interest earned on loans that are classified as non-accrual is not recognized in income, however the balances are reflected in average outstanding balances for the period. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, interest income not recognized on non-accrual loans was minimal. Any non-accrual loans have been included in the table as loans carrying a zero yield.

 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 2016
 2016 2015   Interest     Interest  
   Interest     Interest   Average Earned/ Average Average Earned/ Average
 Average Earned/ Average Average Earned/ Average Outstanding Interest Yield/ Outstanding Interest Yield/
 Outstanding Interest Yield/ Outstanding Interest Yield/ Balance Paid Rate Balance Paid Rate
 Balance Paid Rate Balance Paid Rate (Dollars in thousands)
Assets                                                                                                                   
Interest-earning assets:                        
Total loans(1) $908,512
 $32,996
 4.85% $665,640
 $24,032
 4.83% $1,039,202
 $24,907
 4.83% $885,491
 $21,407
 4.86%
Securities available for sale  80,443
  1,014
 1.68
  56,401
  712
 1.69
 127,557
 1,310
 2.07
 79,032
 679
 1.73
Investment in subsidiary  93
  2
 2.87
  93
  1
 1.44
 93
 1
 2.17
 93
 2
 4.32
Interest-earning deposits in financial institutions  74,807
  302
 0.54
  65,424
  169
 0.35
Interest-earning deposits in other banks 247,077
 1,158
 0.95
 64,804
 173
 0.54
Total interest-earning assets  1,063,855
  34,314
 4.31
  787,558
  24,914
 4.23
 1,413,929
 27,376
 3.90
 1,029,420
 22,261
 4.35
Allowance for loan losses  (7,539)      (6,413)     (8,839)     (7,248)    
Noninterest-earning assets  92,797
      74,508
     104,258
     91,227
    
Total assets $1,149,113
     $855,653
     $1,509,348
     $1,113,399
    
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity 
     
     
     
    
Interest-bearing liabilities: 
     
     
     
    
Interest-bearing deposits $656,811
 $3,388
 0.69% $453,036
 $2,075
 0.61% $864,515
 $3,389
 0.79% $621,352
 $2,007
 0.65%
Advances from FHLB  45,435
  202
 0.59
  17,147
  118
 0.92
 38,275
 159
 0.84
 49,011
 143
 0.59
Other borrowings  8,077
  289
 4.78
  8,517
  274
 4.30
 8,065
 199
 4.98
 8,076
 192
 4.78
Total interest-bearing liabilities  710,323
  3,879
 0.73
  478,700
  2,467
 0.69
 910,855
 3,747
 0.83
 678,439
 2,342
 0.69
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:                        
Noninterest-bearing deposits  298,035
      252,307
     351,373
     296,162
    
Other liabilities  2,866
      2,068
     3,189
     2,655
    
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities  300,901
      254,375
     354,562
     298,817
    
Stockholders’ equity  137,889
      122,578
     243,931
     136,143
    
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $1,149,113
     $855,653
     $1,509,348
     $1,113,399
    
Net interest rate spread(2)     3.58%     3.54%     3.07%     3.66%
Net interest income   $30,435
     $22,447
     $23,629
     $19,919
  
Net interest margin(3)     3.82%     3.81%     3.37%     3.89%

(1)Includes average outstanding balances of loans held for sale of $4,931$2,634 and $3,354$4,367 and deferred loan fees of $46 and $60 for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively.
(2)Net interest spread is the average yield on interest‑earning assets minus the average rate on interest‑bearing liabilities.
(3)Net interest margin is equal to net interest income divided by average interest‑earning assets.



The following table presents the changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated for each major component of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and distinguishes between the changes attributable to changes in volume and interest rates. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated to rate.
 For the Nine Months Ended For the Six Months Ended
 September 30, 2016 vs. 2015 June 30, 2017 vs. 2016
 Increase   Increase  
 (Decrease)   (Decrease)  
 Due to Change in   Due to Change in  
 Volume Rate Total Volume Rate Total
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:            
Total loans $8,777
 $187
 $8,964
 $3,706
 $(206) $3,500
Securities available for sale 304
 (2) 302
 416
 215
 631
Investment in subsidiary 
 1
 1
 
 (1) (1)
Interest-earning deposits in other banks 25
 108
 133
 488
 497
 985
Total increase in interest income 9,106
 294
 9,400
 4,610
 505
 5,115
Interest-bearing liabilities:      
      
Interest-bearing deposits 934
 379
 1,313
 783
 599
 1,382
Advances from FHLB 195
 (111) 84
 (31) 47
 16
Other borrowings (14) 29
 15
 
 7
 7
Total increase in interest expense 1,115
 297
 1,412
 752
 653
 1,405
Increase (decrease) in net interest income $7,991
 $(3) $7,988
 $3,858
 $(148) $3,710
Provision for Loan Losses

Our provision for loan losses is a charge to income in order to bring our allowance for loan losses to a level deemed appropriate by management. For a description of the factors taken into account by management in determining the allowance for loan losses see “—Financial Condition—Allowance for Loan Losses.” The provision for loan losses was $1.6$1.8 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, compared to $258 thousand$1.4 million for the same period in 2015,2016, an increase of $1.4 million,$461 thousand, or 524.0%33.6%. The increase in provision expense was due mainly to loan growth as well as an increase in general reserves due to changes in qualitative factors around the nature, volume and mix of the loan portfolio for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 as compared to the same period in 2015.2016. In addition, net charge-offs increased $184$383 thousand for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 compared to the same period in 2015.2016. 

Noninterest Income

Our primary sources of recurring noninterest income are service charges and fees on deposit accounts, gains on the sale of loans, gains on the sale of other assets owned, gains on the sale of investment securities, and income from bank-owned life insurance. Noninterest income does not include loan origination fees to the extent they exceed direct loan origination costs, which we generally recognize over the life of the related loan as an adjustment to yield using the interest method.



The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:
 For the    For the   
 Nine Months Ended   Six Months Ended  
 September 30,   June 30,  
     Increase     Increase
 2016 2015 (Decrease) 2017 2016 (Decrease)
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest income:            
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts $1,309
 $907
 $402
 $1,064
 $877
 $187
Gain on sales of investment securities 15
 7
 8
 
 15
 (15)
Gain on sales of loans 2,318
 824
 1,494
 1,562
 1,282
 280
Loss on sales of other assets owned 
 19
 (19) (8) 
 (8)
Bank-owned life insurance 577
 552
 25
 373
 384
 (11)
Other 460
 188
 272
 310
 227
 83
Total noninterest income $4,679
 $2,497
 $2,182
 $3,301
 $2,785
 $516
Noninterest income for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 increased $2.2 million,$516 thousand, or 87.4%18.5%, to $4.7$3.3 million compared to noninterest income of $2.5$2.8 million for the same period in 2015.2016. The primary components of the increase were as follows:

Service charges and fees on deposit accounts. We earn service charges and fees from our customers for deposit-related activities. The income from these deposit activities constitute a significant and predictable component of our noninterest income. Service charges and fees from deposit account activities were $1.3$1.1 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, an increase of $402$187 thousand over the same period in 2015. This2016. The increase was primarily attributable to growth in the number of deposit accounts and an increase in transaction fees and service charges from new and existing customers and from a full nine months of fees in 2016 from accounts acquired in the acquisition of IBT on July 1, 2015customers.

Gain on sales of loans. We originate SBA guaranteed loans and long-term fixed-rate mortgage loans for resale into the secondary market. Income from the sales of loans was $2.3$1.6 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 compared to $824 thousand$1.3 million for the same period of 2015.2016. This increase of $1.5 million$280 thousand was primarily due to increased sales of SBA-guaranteed loans resulting in incremental gains of $815$540 thousand, increased numberoffset by a decrease in gain on sale of mortgage loans sold resulting in increased gains of $487by $67 thousand and the absence of a non-recurringone-time $193 thousand gain on the sale of a loanloans acquired inwith the IBT acquisition of $193 thousand.
Bank-owned life insurance income. We investloan portfolio which was recorded in bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) due to its attractive nontaxable return and protection against the loss of our key employees. We record income based on the growth of the cash surrender value of these policies as well as the annual yield. Income from bank-owned life insurance was $577 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $552 thousand for the same period in 2015. The increase of $25 thousand in income was primarily attributable to $1.0 million additional bank-owned life insurance from the acquisition of IBT.March 31, 2016.

Other. Other noninterest income increased $272 thousand compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increases were related to a $131 thousand increase in late charges on loans of which $107 thousand was received from a single customer on the pay off of their past due loan during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Additionally, $43 thousand of the increase in other income was as a result of the collection of a loan that was fully charged off by IBT significantly prior to our acquisition of IBT in July of 2015. SBA servicing fees increased $131 thousand from $61 thousand during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 to $191 thousand during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily a result of a full nine months of SBA servicing fees in 2016 on serviced SBA loans acquired in the acquisition of IBT on July 1, 2015.
Noninterest Expense
 
Noninterest expense is composed of all employee expenses and costs associated with operating our facilities, acquiring and retaining customer relationships and providing bank services. The major components of noninterest expense are salaries and employee benefits. Noninterest expense also includes operational expenses, such as occupancy expenses, depreciation and amortization of office equipment, professional and regulatory fees, including Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) assessments, data processing expenses, and advertising and promotion expenses.



The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense:
 For the Nine Months Ended Increase For the Six Months Ended Increase
 September 30, (Decrease) June 30, (Decrease)
 2016 2015 2016 vs. 2015 2017 2016 2017 vs. 2016
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits $10,683
 $8,247
 $2,436
 $7,550
 $6,763
 $787
Non-staff expenses:            
Occupancy and equipment 2,718
 2,560
 158
 2,026
 1,795
 231
Professional fees 1,861
 1,536
 325
 1,986
 1,076
 910
Data processing and software expense 850
 903
 (53) 732
 554
 178
FDIC assessment fees 447
 317
 130
 651
 269
 382
Marketing 704
 595
 109
 469
 411
 58
Other assets owned expenses and write-downs 139
 29
 110
 38
 130
 (92)
Amortization of intangibles 285
 243
 42
 190
 190
 
Telephone and communications 295
 182
 113
 208
 197
 11
Other 1,323
 1,043
 280
 1,382
 892
 490
Total noninterest expense $19,305
 $15,655
 $3,650
 $15,232
 $12,277
 $2,955
 
Noninterest expense for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 increased $3.7$3.0 million or 23.3%24.1% to $19.3$15.2 million compared to noninterest expense of $15.7$12.3 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015.2016. The most significant components of the increase were as follows:

Salaries and employee benefits. Salaries and employee benefits include payroll expense, the cost of incentive compensation, benefit plans, health insurance and payroll taxes. The level of employee expense is impacted by the amount of direct loan origination costs which are required to be deferred in accordance with ASC 310-20 (formerly FAS91). Salaries and employee benefits were $10.7$7.6 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, an increase of $2.4 million,$787 thousand, or 29.5%11.6%, compared to the same period in 2015.2016. The increase was primarily attributable to increased employee compensation of $1.9 million$953 thousand resulting from increases in mortgage commissions of $230 thousand, with the remainder due tohigher headcount and annual merit increses given to employees during the six months ended June 30, 2017. Incentive costs also increased $462 thousand which included lender incentive increases a full nine months expense in 2016 associated with the employees acquired with the acquisition of IBT on July 1, 2015,$360 thousand and the additionemployee stock compensation increases of nineteen new full time equivalent employees since September 30, 2015. The total number of full-time equivalent employees at September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015 was 163 and 144, respectively.$208 thousand. Employee benefits and payroll taxes also increased $276$165 thousand and $116$113 thousand, respectively, compared to the same period in 2015. The increase2016. These increases in salaries and employee benefits was due to higher claims incurred under ourwere partially self-insured medical plan and to greater numberoffset by the deferral of covered employeesdirect origination costs which increased $907 thousand as a result of the growth in loans during the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2015. Incentive costs increased $442 thousand including employee stock compensation increases of $130 thousand and employee bonus and lender incentive increases of $312 thousand mainly due to the addition of nineteen new full time equivalent employees since September 30, 2015. The incentive cost increase was also a result of a full nine months expense in 2016 associated with the employees acquired with the acquisition of IBT on July 1, 2015. Deferral of direct origination costs increased $300 thousand compared to the same period in 2015.2016.
 
Occupancy and equipment. Occupancy and equipment expense includes lease expense, building depreciation and related facilities costs as well as furniture, fixture and equipment depreciation, small equipment purchases and maintenance expense. Our expense associated with occupancy and equipment was $2.7$2.0 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 compared to $2.6$1.8 million for the same period in 2015.2016. The increase of $158$231 thousand was primarily due to the resultleasing of increasedadditional office space beginning June 1, 2016 at the corporate headquarters location and additional lease expense building depreciation, building repairs and maintenance as a result of a full nine months of expense in 2016 associated with facilities acquired with the acquisitionopening of IBT on July 1, 2015.the Turtle Creek branch beginning January 2017.
 
Professional fees. This category includes legal, investment bank, director, stock transfer agent fees and other public company services, information technology support, audit services and regulatory assessment expense. Professional services expenses were $1.9$2.0 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 compared to $1.5$1.1 million for the same period in 2015,2016, an increase of $325$910 thousand or 21.2%84.6%. The increase was primarily due to increasesthe increase of $786 thousand in directors’legal and professional fees. Legal fees of $181 thousand, SEC filing and reporting expenses of $54, and audit and regulatory expenses of $184 thousand. Professional services decreased $114increased $138 thousand compared to the same period in 2015 which were2016 primarily non-recurring investment banking feesfrom developing a corporate strategic plan in 2017. Professional services increased $458 thousand during the six months ended June 30, 2017 primarily for conversion planning in preparation of $200 thousand related to the acquisition of IBT on July 1, 2015 partially offsetting the overall increase in professional fees.



Data processing and software expenses. Data processing and software expenses were $850 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and $903 thousand for the same period in 2015. The decrease of $53 thousand, or 5.9%, was attributable to non-recurring conversion expense incurred during the three months following the acquisition of IBT on July 1, 2015.Sovereign.

 FDIC assessment fees. FDIC assessment fees were $447$651 thousand for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and $317$269 thousand for the same period in 2015.2016. The increase in FDIC assessment fees is due toprimarily a higher assessment associated with an increaseresult of a catch-up in deposit accounts, both due to organic growth and growth through the IBT acquisition on July 1, 2015.prior period assessments.

Other assets owned expenses and write-downs. Expenses and write-downs related to other real estate owned were $139 thousand and $29 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The increase of $110 thousand was primarily due to a write-down of a repossessed asset.

Telephone and communication expense. Telephone and communication expenses were $295 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and $182 thousand for the same period in 2015. The increase is related to the cost of company-wide bandwidth upgrade beginning in December of 2015 and to a full nine months of expense in 2016 associated with facilities acquired with the acquisition of IBT on July 1, 2015.

Other. This category includes operating and administrative expenses including loan operations and collections, supplies and printing, online and card interchange expense, ATM/debit card processing, postage and delivery, BOLI mortality expense, insurance and security expenses. Other noninterest expense increased $280$490 thousand, or 26.8%54.9%, to $1.3$1.4 million for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, compared to $1.0 million$892 thousand for the same period in 20152016 primarily related to operating expenses associated with the addition of IBT, organic growth in deposit and loan volume, and additional staffing levels.  Operating expense increases include increases in loan and collection expense of $120 thousand, security expense of $59 thousand, education and training of $51 thousand, dues and memberships of $132 thousand, ATM and subscriptionsinterchange expense of $31$115 thousand and corporate insurance of $86 thousand.
 
Income Tax Expense
 
The amount of income tax expense is a function of our pre-tax income, tax-exempt income and other nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect current statutory income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or statutory tax rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision of income taxes. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, the Company did not believe a valuation allowance was necessary.
 
For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, income tax expense totaled $4.8$3.2 million, an increase of $2.0 million,$83 thousand, or 71.9%2.7%, compared to $2.8$3.1 million for the same period in 2015.2016. The increase was primarily attributable to the $5.2 million$810 thousand increase in net income from operations compared to ninethe six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015.2016.

The Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate, before reporting the net impact of discrete items, was approximately 34.2%34.5% and 33.2%34.1% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively. The increase in effective tax rates from the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was affected primarily by increases in our federal statutory rate from 34% to 35%. Inclusive of the net impact of discrete items, the Company’s estimated effective tax rates for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 and 2016 of 32.0% and 2015 of 34.1% and 31.2%33.9%, respectively. The Company’s provision for income taxes for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015,2017 was impacted by a net discrete tax benefit of $186$255 thousand primarily associated primarily with the recognition of deferredexcess tax assets related to non-qualified stock options.

benefit realized on share-based payment awards.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and SeptemberJune 30, 20152016
Net Interest Income

Our operating results depend primarily on our net interest income, calculated as the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Fluctuations in market interest rates impact the yield and rates paid on interest sensitive assets and liabilities. Changes in the amount and type of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities also impact net interest income. The variance driven by the changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities is referred to as a “volume change.” Changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowed funds are referred to as a “rate change.” 



To evaluate net interest income, we measure and monitor (1) yields on our loans and other interest-earning assets, (2) the costs of our deposits and other funding sources, (3) our net interest spread and (4) our net interest margin. Net interest spread is the difference between rates earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Because noninterest-bearing sources of funds, such as noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity also fund interest-earning assets, net interest margin includes the benefit of these noninterest-bearing sources.

Compared to the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015,2016, net interest income before provision for loan losses increased by $1.9$2.1 million from $8.6$10.2 million to $10.5$12.4 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. The increase in net interest income before provision for loan losses was primarily due to $2.4a $2.0 million increase in increased interest income on loans resulting from average loan balance increases of $197.5$156.3 million compared to SeptemberJune 30, 2015.2016. The net interest margin declined 0.14% to 3.70%3.53% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 from 3.84%3.90% for the same three-month period in 2015.2016. The primary driver37 basis point decrease in net interest margin was partially due to a change in mix of interest-earning assets as average interest-earning deposits in other banks as a percentage of total average interest earning assets represented 14.2% for the decreasethree months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 5.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2016. Interest-earning deposits in other banks traditionally provide lower average yields than other interest earning assets such as loans and investment securities. In addition, the net interest margin decline was impacted by the increasing rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased from 0.68% for the three months ended June 30, 2016 to 0.80% for the same period in 2017. The 12 basis point increase was related to a 0.13%12 basis point increase in interest-bearing deposits, primarily as a result of increases in financial institution money market account rates.
For the three months ended June 30, 2017, interest expense totaled $1.9 million and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 0.84%. For the three months ended June 30, 2016, interest expense totaled $1.2 million and the average rate


paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 0.72%. The increase in interest expense of $682 thousand was primarily due to a $670 thousand increase in deposit-related interest expense resulting from average interest-bearing deposit increases of $233.7 million to $870.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 from $636.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016. The increase in interest expense was primarily the result of increases in money market accounts as interest expense paid on these balances increased $575 thousand. The increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities from 0.66%of 12 basis points was primarily due to a 12 basis point increase in the average cost of interest-bearing deposits to 0.80% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015 to 0.79%2017 from 0.68% for the three months ended September 20,June 30, 2016. This increase was primarily due to anthe result of a 27 basis point increase in the average interest rate paid on money market accounts.accounts from 0.71% for the three months ended June 30, 2016 to 0.98% for the three months ended June 30, 2017.


The following table presents, for the periods indicated, an analysis of net interest income by each major category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the average amounts outstanding and the interest earned or paid on such amounts. The table also sets forth the average rate earned on interest-earning assets, the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities and the net interest margin on average total interest-earning assets for the same periods. Interest earned on loans that are classified as non-accrual is not recognized in income; however, the balances are reflected in average outstanding balances for the period. For the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, interest income not recognized on non-accrual loans was minimal. Any non-accrual loans have been included in the table as loans carrying a zero yield.
  For the Three Months Ended June 30,
  2017 2016
    Interest     Interest  
  Average Earned/ Average Average Earned/ Average
  Outstanding Interest Yield/ Outstanding Interest Yield/
  Balance Paid Rate Balance Paid Rate
  (Dollars in thousands)
Assets            
Interest-earning assets:            
Total loans(1) $1,070,436
 $13,024
 4.88% $914,121
 $11,052
 4.86%
Securities available for sale 135,795
 735
 2.17
 80,498
 344
 1.72
Investment in subsidiary 93
 
 
 93
 1
 4.32
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks 199,050
 548
 1.10
 59,506
 80
 0.54
Total interest-earning assets 1,405,374
 14,307
 4.08
 1,054,218
 11,477
 4.38
Allowance for loan losses (9,117)  
  
 (7,604)  
  
Noninterest-earning assets 104,819
  
  
 92,179
  
  
Total assets $1,501,076
  
  
 $1,138,793
  
  
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity  
  
  
  
  
  
Interest-bearing liabilities:  
  
  
  
  
  
Interest-bearing deposits $870,542
 $1,742
 0.80% $636,875
 $1,072
 0.68%
Advances from FHLB 38,258
 89
 0.93
 54,425
 80
 0.59
Other borrowings 8,067
 100
 4.97
 8,077
 97
 4.83
Total interest-bearing liabilities 916,867
 1,931
 0.84
 699,377
 1,249
 0.72
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:  
  
  
  
  
  
Noninterest-bearing deposits 334,813
  
  
 298,887
  
  
Other liabilities 3,156
  
  
 2,687
  
  
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities 337,969
  
  
 301,574
  
  
Stockholders’ equity 246,240
  
  
 137,842
  
  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $1,501,076
  
  
 $1,138,793
  
  
Net interest rate spread(2)    
 3.24%    
 3.66%
Net interest income   $12,376
  
   $10,228
  
Net interest margin(3)     3.53%     3.90%

  For the Three Months Ended September 30,
  2016 2015
    Interest     Interest  
  Average Earned/ Average Average Earned/ Average
  Outstanding Interest Yield/ Outstanding Interest Yield/
  Balance Paid Rate Balance Paid Rate
  (Dollars in thousands)
Assets            
Interest-earning assets:            
Total loans(1) $954,053
 $11,589
 4.83% $756,542
 $9,230
 4.84%
Securities available for sale 83,233
 335
 1.60
 63,204
 247
 1.55
Investment in subsidiary 93
 1
 4.28
 93
 1
 4.27
Interest-earning deposits in financial institutions 94,596
 129
 0.54
 70,363
 60
 0.34
Total interest-earning assets 1,131,975
 12,054
 4.24
 890,202
 9,538
 4.25
Allowance for loan losses (8,115)  
  
 (7,146)  
  
Noninterest-earning assets 95,901
  
  
 88,023
  
  
Total assets $1,219,761
  
  
 $971,079
  
  
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity  
  
  
  
  
  
Interest-bearing liabilities:  
  
  
  
  
  
Interest-bearing deposits $726,958
 $1,381
 0.76% $520,806
 $778
 0.59%
Advances from FHLB 38,363
 59
 0.61
 19,404
 56
 1.14
Other borrowings 8,078
 97
 4.78
 9,077
 86
 3.76
Total interest-bearing liabilities 773,399
 1,537
 0.79
 549,287
 920
 0.66
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:  
  
  
  
  
  
Noninterest-bearing deposits 301,740
  
  
 282,934
  
  
Other liabilities 3,284
  
  
 2,403
  
  
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities 305,024
  
  
 285,337
  
  
Stockholders’ equity 141,338
  
  
 136,455
  
  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $1,219,761
  
  
 $971,079
  
  
Net interest rate spread(2)    
 3.45%    
 3.59%
Net interest income   $10,517
  
   $8,618
  
Net interest margin(3)     3.70%     3.84%
(1)
Includes average outstanding balances of loans held for sale of $3,169 and $5,192 and deferred loan fees of $42 and $60 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(1)Includes average outstanding balances of loans held for sale of $6,047 and $1,429 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(2)Net interest spread is the average yield on interest‑earninginterest-earning assets minus the average rate on interest‑bearinginterest-bearing liabilities.
(3)Net interest margin is equal to net interest income divided by average interest‑earninginterest-earning assets.



The following table presents the changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated for each major component of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and distinguishes between the changes attributable to changes in volume and interest rates. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated to rate.
 For the For the Three Month Ended For the Three Months Ended
 September 30, 2016 vs. 2015 June 30, 2017 vs. 2016
 Increase   Increase  
 (Decrease)   (Decrease)  
 Due to Change in   Due to Change in  
 Volume Rate Total Volume Rate Total
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:                              
Total loans $2,403
 $(44) $2,359
 $1,895
 $77
 $1,972
Securities available for sale 78
 10
 88
 237
 154
 391
Investment in subsidiary 
 
 
 
 (1) (1)
Interest-earning deposits in other banks 21
 48
 69
Total increase (decrease) in interest income 2,502
 14
 2,516
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks 188
 280
 468
Total increase in interest income 2,320
 510
 2,830
Interest-bearing liabilities:   
  
   
  
Interest-bearing deposits 307
 296
 603
 394
 276
 670
Advances from FHLB 55
 (52) 3
 (24) 33
 9
Other borrowings (9) 20
 11
 
 3
 3
Total increase (decrease) in interest expense 353
 264
 617
Total increase in interest expense 370
 312
 682
Increase (decrease) in net interest income $2,149
 $(250) $1,899
 $1,950
 $198
 $2,148
Provision for Loan Losses
Our provision for loan losses is a charge to income in order to bring our allowance for loan losses to a level deemed appropriate by management. For a description of the factors taken into account by management in determining the allowance for loan losses see “—Financial Condition—Allowance for Loan Losses.” The provision for loan losses was $238$943 thousand for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and there was no provision for loan losses$527 thousand for the same period in 2015,2016, an increase of $238$416 thousand. The increase in provision expense was due primarily to loan growth as well as an increase in general reserves resulting indue to changes in qualitative factors around the nature, volume, and mix of the loan portfolio for the three months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the same period in 2015. 
portfolio.
Noninterest Income

Our primary sources of recurring noninterest income are service charges and fees on deposit accounts, gains on the sale of loans, andgains on the sale of other real estateassets owned, gain on the sale of investment securities, and income from bank-owned life insurance. Noninterest income does not include loan origination fees to the extent they exceed direct loan origination costs, which we generally recognize over the life of the related loan as an adjustment to yield using the interest method.



The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:
 For the Three Months Ended  For the Three Months Ended 
 September 30, June 30,
 2016 2015 2016 vs. 2015 2017 2016 2017 vs. 2016
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest income:               
               
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts $433
 $380
 $53
 $555
 $443
 $112
Gain on sales of loans 1,036
 392
 644
 815
 620
 195
Loss on sales of other assets owned 
 21
 (21) (8) 
 (8)
Bank-owned life insurance 193
 194
 (1) 186
 191
 (5)
Other 231
 56
 175
 218
 158
 60
Total noninterest income $1,893
 $1,043
 $850
 $1,766
 $1,412
 $354

Noninterest income for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 increased $850$354 thousand, or 81.5%25.1%, to $1.9$1.8 million compared to noninterest income of $1.0$1.4 million for the same period in 2015.2016. The primary components of the increase were as follows:

Service charges and fees on deposit accounts. We earn fees from our customers for deposit-related services, and these fees constitute a significant and predictable component of our noninterest income. Service charges on deposit accounts were $433$555 thousand and $380$443 thousand for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively. The increase of $53$112 thousand was attributable to growth in the number of deposit accounts and an increase transaction fees and service charges from new and existing customers .customers.

Gain on sales of loans. We originate SBA guaranteed loans and long-term fixed-rate mortgage loans for resale into the secondary market. Income from the sales of loans was $1.0 million$815 thousand for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 compared to $392$620 thousand for the same period of 2015.2016. The increase of $644$195 thousand was primarily due to increased sales of SBA-guaranteed loans resulting in incremental gains of $307$285 thousand, and increasesoffset by a decrease in the numbergain on sale of mortgage loans sold resulting in increased gains of $336by $90 thousand.

Other. Other noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2016 increased $175 thousand compared to three months ended September 30, 2015. The increases were related to a $125 thousand increase in late charges on loans of which$107 thousand was received from a single customer on the pay off of their past due loan during the three months ended September 30, 2016. Additionally, $43 thousand of the increase in other income was as a result of the collection of a loan that was fully charged off by IBT significantly prior to our acquisition of IBT in July of 2015.
Noninterest Expense
 
Noninterest expense is composed of all employee expenses and costs associated with operating our facilities, acquiring and retaining customer relationships and providing bank services. The major component of noninterest expense is salaries and employee benefits. Noninterest expense also includes operational expenses, such as occupancy expenses, depreciation and amortization of office equipment, professional and regulatory fees, including FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) assessments, data processing expenses, and advertising and promotion expenses.



The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense:
 For the Three Months Ended  Increase For the Three Months Ended  Increase
 September 30, (Decrease) June 30, (Decrease)
 2016 2015 2016 vs. 2015 2017 2016 2017 vs. 2016
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits $3,920
 $3,001
 $919
 $3,642
 $3,589
 $53
Non-staff expenses:    
      
  
Occupancy and equipment 923
 894
 29
 1,015
 894
 121
Professional fees 785
 632
 153
 1,188
 503
 685
Data processing and software expense 296
 368
 (72) 372
 270
 102
FDIC assessment fees 179
 121
 58
 393
 132
 261
Marketing 293
 227
 66
 225
 211
 14
Other assets owned expenses and write-downs 9
 (5) 14
 13
 55
 (42)
Amortization of intangibles 95
 96
 (1) 95
 95
 
Telephone and communications 98
 68
 30
 106
 100
 6
Other 431
 440
 (9) 733
 452
 281
Total noninterest expense $7,029
 $5,842
 $1,187
 $7,782
 $6,301
 $1,481
Noninterest expense for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 increased $1.2$1.5 million, or 20.3%23.5%, to $7.0$7.8 million compared to noninterest expense of $5.8$6.3 million for the same period in 2015.2016. The most significant components of the increase were as follows:
Salaries and employee benefits. Salaries and employee benefits include payroll expense, the cost of incentive compensation, benefit plans, health insurance and payroll taxes. The level of employee expense is impacted by the amount of direct loan origination costs which are required to be deferred in accordance with ASC 310-20 (formerly FAS91). Salaries and employee benefits were $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of $919 thousand, or 30.6%, compared to the same period in 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to increased employee compensation of $512 thousand resulting from increases in mortgage commissions of $143 thousand, with the remainder due to annual merit increases and the addition of nineteen new full time equivalent employees. The total number of full-time equivalent employees at September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015 was 163 and 144, respectively. Employee benefits and payroll taxes increased $178 thousand and $12 thousand, respectively, compared to period in 2015. The increase in employee benefits was due to higher claims incurred under our partially self-insured medical plan and to greater number of covered employees compared to the same period in 2015. Incentive costs increased $112 thousand including employee stock compensation increases of $25 thousand and employee bonus increases of $87 thousand. Deferral of direct origination costs decreased $106 thousand compared to the same period in 2015.
Occupancy and equipment. Occupancy and equipment expense includes lease expense, building depreciation and related facilities costs as well as furniture, fixture and equipment depreciation, small equipment purchases and maintenance expense. Our expense associated with occupancy and equipment was $923 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $894 thousand for the same period in 2015. The increase of $29 thousand was primarily due to the leasing of additional office space beginning August 1, 2019 at the corporate headquarters location.
Professional fees. This category includes legal, investment bank, director, stock transfer agent fees and other public company services, information technology support, audit services and regulatory assessment expense. Professional services expenses were $785 thousand$1.2 million for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 compared to $632$503 thousand for the same period in 2015,2016, an increase of $153$685 thousand or 24.2%136.2%. TheThis increase was the result of an increase in legal services of $152 thousand primarily due to increases in directors’ feesconnection with developing a corporate strategic plan in the second quarter of $58 thousand, legal expense of $88 thousand, audit expenses of $61 thousand,2017 and SEC financial reporting and printing expenses of $60 thousand. These increases were offset by a decreasefrom an increase in professional services of $135$336 thousand which was driven by non- recurring investment banking expenses of $200 thousand incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2016 as resultprimarily for conversion planning in preparation of the acquisition of IBT on July 1, 2015.Sovereign.

Data processing and software expenses. Data processing expenses were $296 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and $368 thousand for the same period in 2015. The decrease of $72 thousand or 19.6% was attributable was attributable to non-recurring conversion expense incurred during the three months following the acquisition of IBT on July 1, 2015.



FDIC assessment fees. FDIC assessment fees were $179$393 thousand for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and $121$132 thousand for the same period in 2015.2016. The increase is duein FDIC assessment fees was primarily a result of a catch-up in prior period assessments.
Other. This category includes operating and administrative expenses including loan operations and collections, supplies and printing, online and card interchange expense, ATM/debit card processing, postage and delivery, BOLI mortality expense, insurance and security expenses. Other noninterest expense increased $281 thousand, or 62.2%, to a higher assessment associated with an increase$733 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $452 thousand for the same period in deposit accounts, both due2016 primarily related to organic growthincreased dues and growth through the IBT acquisition on July 1, 2015.memberships of $122 thousand and increased ATM and interchange expense of $67 thousand.
Income Tax Expense
The amount of income tax expense is influenced by the amounts of our pre-tax income, tax-exempt income and other nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
Income tax expense for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 totaled $1.8 million, an increase of $487$163 thousand, or 38.0%9.9%, compared to $1.3$1.6 million for the same period in 2015.2016. The increasechange in income tax expense from the three months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily attributabledue to the $1.3 million$605 thousand increase in net income from operations compared tooffset by the impact of the net discrete tax benefit of $83 thousand primarily associated with the recognition of excess tax benefit on share-based payment awards during the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2015 2017 compared to no net discrete tax benefit during the three months ended June 30, 2016.


The Company’s effective tax rate, before the net impact of discrete items, was approximately 34.4%34.8% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 compared to 33.6%34.1% for three months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in effective tax rates from the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20152016. The Company’s effective tax rate, after the net impact of discrete items, was affected primarily by increases in our federal statutory rate from 34% to 35%.   

approximately 33.3% and 34.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
Financial Condition
 
Our total assets increased $229.6$100.1 million, or 22.1%7.1%, from $1.0$1.4 billion as of December 31, 20152016 to $1.3$1.5 billion as of SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. Our asset growth was due to the successful execution of our strategy to establish deep relationships in the Dallas metropolitan area. We believe these relationships will bring in new customer accounts and grow balances from existing loan and deposit customers.
 
Loan Portfolio
 
Our primary source of income is interest on loans to individuals, professionals, small to medium-sized businesses and commercial companies located in the Dallas metropolitan area. Our loan portfolio consists primarily of commercial loans and real estate loans secured by commercial real estate properties located in our primary market area. Our loan portfolio represents the highest yielding component of our earning asset base.
 
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, total loans were $926.7 million,$1.1 billion, an increase of $106.1$130.6 million, or 12.9%13.2%, compared to $820.6$991.9 million as of December 31, 2015.2016. These increases were primarily due to our continued penetration in our primary market area. In addition to these amounts, $4.9$4.1 million and $2.8$5.2 million in loans were classified as held for sale as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
 
Total loans as a percentage of deposits were 86.0%92.7% and 94.5%88.6% as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively. Total loans as a percentage of assets were 73.0%74.4% and 78.9%70.4% as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.



The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by type of loan as of the dates indicated:
 As of September 30, As of December 31, As of June 30, As of December 31,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
 Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Commercial $273,409
 29.5% $246,124
 30.0% $347,017
 30.9% $291,416
 29.4%
Real estate:                
Construction and land $163,047
 17.6% $126,422
 15.4% 136,332
 12.1% 162,614
 16.4%
Farmland 9,421
 1.0% 11,696
 1.4% 8,448
 0.8% 8,262
 0.8%
1 - 4 family residential 134,926
 14.6% 137,704
 16.8% 157,823
 14.1% 140,137
 14.1%
Multi-family residential 13,281
 1.4% 8,695
 1.1% 38,265
 3.4% 14,683
 1.5%
Nonfarm nonresidential 328,335
 35.4% 284,622
 34.7%
Commercial Real Estate 430,895
 38.4% 370,696
 37.4%
Consumer 4,293
 0.5% 5,304
 0.6% 3,688
 0.3% 4,089
 0.4%
Total loans held for investment $926,712
 100.0% $820,567
 100% $1,122,468
 100.0% $991,897
 100%
Total loans held for sale $4,856
   $2,831
   $4,118
   $5,208
  
 
Nonperforming Assets
 
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
 
We have several procedures in place to assist us in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. We have established underwriting guidelines to be followed by our bankers, and we also monitor our delinquency levels for any negative or adverse


trends. Nevertheless, our loan portfolio could become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.
 
We believe our conservative lending approach and focused management of nonperforming assets has resulted in sound asset quality and timely resolution of problem assets.

The following table presents information regarding non-performing assets at the dates indicated: 
 As of September 30, As of December 31, As of June 30, As of December 31,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans $1,087
 $591
 $1,514
 $941
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due 357
 84
 15
 835
Total nonperforming loans 1,444
 675
 1,529
 1,776
Other real estate owned:        
Commercial real estate, construction, land and land development 662
 493
 493
 493
Residential real estate 
 
 
 169
Total other real estate owned 662
 493
 493
 662
Repossessed assets owned 
 
Total other assets owned 662
 493
Total nonperforming assets $2,106
 $1,168
 $2,022
 $2,438
Restructured loans—non-accrual 177
 288
 21
 170
Restructured loans—accruing 574
 1,439
 632
 652
Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans 0.16% 0.08% 0.14% 0.18%
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets 0.17% 0.11% 0.13% 0.17%
 


We had $2.1$2.0 million and $1.2$2.4 million in nonperforming assets as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and as of December 31, 2015.2016, respectively. We had $1.4$1.5 million in nonperforming loans as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 compared to $675 thousand$1.8 million as of December 31, 2015.

2016.
The following table presents information regarding non-accrual loans by category as of the dates indicated:
 As of September 30, As of December 31, As of June 30, As of December 31,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans by category:          
Real estate:        
Construction and land $
 $
 $
 $
Farmland 
 
 
 
1 - 4 family residential 
 187
 
 
Multi-family residential 
 
 
 
Nonfarm nonresidential 
 
Commercial Real Estate 727
 
Commercial 1,073
 383
 778
 930
Consumer 14
 21
 9
 11
Total $1,087
 $591
 $1,514
 $941
 
Potential Problem Loans
 
From a credit risk standpoint, we classify loans in one of four categories: pass, special mention, substandard or doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged‑off.charged-off. Loans not rated special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss are classified as pass loans. The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. We review the ratings on credits monthly. Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that is felt to be inherent in each credit as of each monthly reporting period. Our methodology is structured so that specific allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss).


Credits rated special mention show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit worthiness, however, such concerns are not so pronounced that we expect to experience significant loss within the short‑term.short-term. Such credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits with a lower rating. 

Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses which exist in collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to strengthen our position, and/or to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed.

Credits rated doubtful are those in which full collection of principal appears highly questionable, and which some degree of loss is anticipated, even though the ultimate amount of loss may not yet be certain and/or other factors exist which could affect collection of debt. Based upon available information, positive action by the Company is required to avert or minimize loss. Credits rated doubtful are generally also placed on non-accrual.



The following tables summarize our internal ratings of our loans, including PCI loans, as of the dates indicated.
 As of September 30, 2016 As of June 30, 2017
   Special         Special      
 Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Total
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:                    
Construction and land $162,391
 $656
 $
 $
 $163,047
 $136,332
 $
 $
 $
 $136,332
Farmland 9,421
 
 
 
 $9,421
 8,448
 
 
 
 8,448
1 - 4 family residential 134,708
 
 218
 
 $134,926
 157,564
 
 259
 
 157,823
Multi-family residential 13,281
 
 
 
 $13,281
 38,265
 
 
 
 38,265
Nonfarm nonresidential 327,056
 1,279
 
 
 $328,335
Commercial Real Estate 424,247
 5,358
 1,290
 
 430,895
Commercial 268,761
 3,420
 1,228
 
 $273,409
 338,701
 6,990
 1,210
 116
 347,017
Consumer 4,278
 
 15
 
 $4,293
 3,672
 
 16
 
 3,688
Total $919,896
 $5,355
 $1,461
 $
 $926,712
 $1,107,229
 $12,348
 $2,775
 $116
 $1,122,468
 
 As of December 31, 2015 As of December 31, 2016
   Special         Special      
 Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Total
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:                                                  
Construction and land $126,422
 $
 $
 $
 $126,422
 $162,614
 $
 $
 $
 $162,614
Farmland 11,696
 
 
 
 11,696
 8,262
 
 
 
 8,262
1 - 4 family residential 136,856
 
 848
 
 137,704
 139,212
 710
 215
 
 140,137
Multi-family residential 8,695
 
 
 
 8,695
 14,683
 
 
 
 14,683
Nonfarm nonresidential 282,404
 2,043
 175
 
 284,622
Commercial Real Estate 368,370
 2,326
 
 
 370,696
Commercial 244,948
 573
 527
 76
 246,124
 289,589
 686
 1,034
 107
 291,416
Consumer 5,282
 1
 21
 
 5,304
 4,078
 
 11
 
 4,089
Total $816,303
 $2,617
 $1,571
 $76
 $820,567
 $986,808
 $3,722
 $1,260
 $107
 $991,897
 
In the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company disclosed a borrowing relationship comprised of loans to multiple affiliated funds in which one of the funds had publicly disclosed that it was subject to ongoing SEC investigations and that the Federal Bureau of Investigation served a search warrant in February 2016 at the fund’s corporate offices in connection with a law enforcement investigation. At that time, the borrowing relationship consisted of four loans to five affiliated funds secured by various assets, including multiple notes made to numerous residential developers in favor of the funds and further secured by deeds of trust. These loans were made to separate and distinct borrowing entities, and are not dependent on each other for repayment. 

At December 31, 2015, the total principal balance outstanding under the borrowing relationship amounted to $25.4 million. Since December 31, 2015, the Company has received $21.2 million in principal payments and three of the four loans have paid in full. As of September 30, 2016, the borrowing relationship consists of one remaining loan with an outstanding principal balance of $4.2 million of which $3 million is classified as Special Mention and $1.2 million as Pass. This loan matured October 15, 2016 and is in the process of renewal. This loan is considered well-secured and in the process of collection with plans in place for the borrowers to bring the notes fully current. The borrowing relationship is not considered impaired and no specific reserves have been established at this time.



Allowance for loan losses

We maintain an allowance for loan losses that represents management’s best estimate of the loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. In determining the allowance for loan losses, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably determined. The balance of the allowance for loan losses is based on internally assigned risk classifications of loans, historical loan loss rates, changes in the nature of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, current economic factors and the estimated impact of current economic conditions on certain historical loan loss rates. For additional discussion of our methodology, please refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies— Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses.”

In connection with our review of the loan portfolio, we consider risk elements attributable to particular loan types or categories in assessing the quality of individual loans. Some of the risk elements we consider include:

for commercial and industrial loans, the operating results of the commercial, industrial or professional enterprise, the borrower’s business, professional and financial ability and expertise, the specific risks and volatility of income and operating results typical for businesses in that category and the value, nature and marketability of collateral;

for commercial mortgage loans and multifamily residential loans, the debt service coverage ratio (income from the property in excess of operating expenses compared to loan payment requirements), operating results of the owner in the case of owner occupied properties, the loan to value ratio, the age and condition of the collateral and the volatility of income, property value and future operating results typical of properties of that type;

for 1‑41-4 family residential mortgage loans, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, including a consideration of the debt to income ratio and employment and income stability, the loan to value ratio, and the age, condition and marketability of the collateral; and

for construction, land development and other land loans, the perceived feasibility of the project including the ability to sell developed lots or improvements constructed for resale or the ability to lease property constructed for lease, the quality and nature of contracts for presale or prelease, if any, experience and ability of the developer and loan to value ratio.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, the allowance for loan losses totaled $8.1$9.7 million, or 0.87%, of total loans. As of December 31, 2015,2016, the allowance for loan losses totaled $6.8$8.5 million, or 0.83%0.86%, of total loans. The increase in the percentage of allowance of loan losses to total loans compared to December 31, 20152016 was primarily due to loan growth and an increase in the general reserves from changes in qualitative factors around the nature, volume and mix of the loan portfolio. Ending balances for the purchase discount related to non‑impairednon-impaired acquired loans were $627$376 thousand and $1.0 million,$566 thousand, as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively. Purchased credit impaired loans are not considered nonperforming loans. Purchased credit impaired loans were insignificant as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.

2016.


The following table presents, as of and for the periods indicated, an analysis of the allowance for loan losses and other related data:
 For the Nine Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended For the Year Ended For the Six Months Ended For the Six Months Ended For the Year Ended
 September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 December 31, 2015 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2016 December 31, 2016
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Average loans outstanding(1) $903,581
 $662,286
 $694,305
 $1,036,614
 $881,185
 $919,441
Gross loans outstanding at end of period(1) $926,712
 $754,199
 $820,567
 $1,122,468
 $928,000
 $991,897
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period $6,772
 $5,981
 $5,981
 $8,524
 $6,772
 $6,772
Provision for loan losses 1,610
 258
 868
 1,833
 1,372
 2,050
Charge-offs:            
Real estate:            
Construction, land and farmland 
 (48) (48) 
 
 
Residential 
 
 
 (11) 
 
Nonfarm non-residential 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate 
 
 
Commercial (300) (74) (87) (611) (240) (314)
Consumer (9) (4) (5) 
 (9) (19)
Total charge-offs (309) (126) (140) (622) (249) (333)
Recoveries:            
Real estate:            
Construction, land and farmland 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfarm non-residential 
 5
 5
Commercial Real Estate 
 
 
Commercial 28
 95
 57
 5
 14
 32
Consumer 1
 1
 1
 
 1
 3
Total recoveries 29
 101
 63
 5
 15
 35
Net charge-offs (280) (25) (77) (617) (234) (298)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period $8,102
 $6,214
 $6,772
 $9,740
 $7,910
 $8,524
Ratio of allowance to end of period loans 0.87% 0.82% 0.83% 0.87% 0.85% 0.86%
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans 0.03% % 0.01% 0.06% 0.03% 0.03%

(1)Excluding loans held for sale and deferred loan fees.

We believe the successful execution of our growth strategy through key acquisitions and organic growth is demonstrated by the upward trend in loan balances from December 31, 20152016 to SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. Loan balances increased from $820.6$991.9 million as of December 31, 20152016 to $926.7 million$1.1 billion as of SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. Our allowance as a percentage of our total loan portfolio has increased as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017 from June 30, 2016 from September 30, 2015 primarily due to loan growth and an increase in the general reserves from changes in qualitative factors around the nature, volume and mix of the loan portfolio.
 
Although we believe that we have established our allowance for loan losses in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and that the allowance for loan losses was adequate to provide for known and inherent losses in the portfolio at all times shown above, future provisions will be subject to ongoing evaluations of the risks in our loan portfolio. If we experience economic declines or if asset quality deteriorates, material additional provisions could be required.

The following table shows the allocation of the allowance for loan losses among ourby loan categoriescategory and certain other information as of the dates indicated. The allocation of the allowance for loan losses as shown in the table should neither be interpreted as an indication of future charge-offs, nor as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will necessarily occur in these amounts or in the indicated proportions. The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any loan category.
 


 As of As of As of As of
 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
   Percent   Percent   Percent   Percent
 Amount of Total Amount of Total Amount of Total Amount of Total
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:                                        
Construction and land $1,394
 17.2% $1,007
 14.9% $1,056
 10.8% $1,346
 15.8%
Farmland 78
 1.0
 97
 1.4% 68
 0.7
 69
 0.8
1 - 4 family residential 977
 12.1
 1,058
 15.6% 1,150
 11.8
 999
 11.7
Multi-family residential 109
 1.3
 66
 1.0% 325
 3.3
 117
 1.4
Nonfarm nonresidential 2,721
 33.6
 2,189
 32.3%
Commercial Real Estate 3,557
 36.5
 3,003
 35.2
Total real estate 5,279
 65.2% 4,417
 65.2% $6,156
 63.1% $5,534
 64.9%
Commercial 2,793
 34.4
 2,324
 34.3
 3,554
 36.6
 2,955
 34.7
Consumer 30
 0.4
 31
 0.5
 30
 0.3
 35
 0.4
Total allowance for loan losses $8,102
 100.0% $6,772
 100.0% $9,740
 100.0% $8,524
 100.0%
 
Securities

We use our securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, provide an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements and meet regulatory capital requirements. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, the carrying amount of investment securities totaled $86.8$134.7 million, an increase of $11.0$32.1 million or 14.5%31.3% compared to $75.8$102.6 million as of December 31, 2015.2016. Securities represented 6.8%8.9% and 7.3% of total assets as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
Our investment portfolio consists entirely of securities classified as available for sale. As a result, the carrying values of our investment securities are adjusted for unrealized gain or loss, and any gain or loss is reported on an after-tax basis as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. The following table summarizes the amortized cost and estimated fair value of our investment securities as of the dates shown:
 As of September 30, 2016 As of June 30, 2017
   Gross Gross     Gross Gross  
 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized   Amortized Unrealized Unrealized  
 Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Cost Gains Losses Fair Value
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agencies $732
 $
 $15
 $717
 $691
 $
 $10
 $681
Corporate securities 7,500
 197
 
 7,697
Municipal securities 11,763
 66
 63
 11,766
 14,914
 42
 126
 14,830
Mortgage-backed securities 44,289
 256
 61
 44,484
 65,814
 115
 340
 65,589
Collateralized mortgage obligations 28,767
 261
 25
 29,003
 45,370
 158
 316
 45,212
Asset-backed securities 797
 5
 
 802
 688
 11
 
 699
Total $86,348
 $588
 $164
 $86,772
 $134,977
 $523
 $792
 $134,708

 As of December 31, 2015 As of December 31, 2016
   Gross Gross     Gross Gross  
 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized   Amortized Unrealized Unrealized  
 Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Cost Gains Losses Fair Value
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agencies $3,823
 $
 $36
 $3,787
 $732
 $
 $36
 $696
Municipal securities 6,738
 9
 52
 6,695
 14,540
 2
 500
 14,042
Mortgage-backed securities 46,180
 169
 292
 46,057
 49,907
 83
 871
 49,119
Collateralized mortgage obligations 18,379
 64
 59
 18,384
 38,507
 32
 612
 37,927
Asset-backed securities 907
 
 17
 890
 764
 11
 
 775
Total $76,027
 $242
 $456
 $75,813
 $104,450
 $128
 $2,019
 $102,559
 


All of our mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are agency securities. We do not hold any Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac preferred stock, corporate equity, collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, structured investment vehicles, private label collateralized mortgage obligations, subprime, Alt– A, or second lien elements in our investment portfolio. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, our investment portfolio did not contain any securities that are directly backed by subprime or Alt-A mortgages.
 
Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment, at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation.
 
The following table sets forth the fair value, maturities and approximated weighted average yield based on estimated annual income divided by the average amortized cost of our securities portfolio as of the dates indicated. The contractual maturity of a mortgage-backed security is the date at which the last underlying mortgage matures.
 As of September 30, 2016 As of June 30, 2017
   After One Year After Five Years           After One Year After Five Years        
 Within but Within but Within         Within but Within but Within        
 One Year Five Years Ten Years After Ten Years Total One Year Five Years Ten Years After Ten Years Total
 Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Total Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Total Yield
 (Dollars in thousands)  (Dollars in thousands) 
U.S. government agencies $
 % $356
 1.65% $361
 2.03% $
 % $717
 1.84% $
 % $338
 1.83% $343
 2.05% $
 % $681
 1.94%
Corporate securities 
 
 7,697
 5.28
 
 
 
 5.24
 7,697
 5.28
Municipal securities 
 
 3,721
 2.14
 3,159
 1.98
 4,886
 2.12
 11,766
 2.09
 
 
 3,614
 2.11
 4,092
 2.00
 7,124
 2.55
 14,830
 2.29
Mortgage-backed securities 
 
 38,167
 1.68
 6,235
 2.11
 82
 1.85
 44,484
 1.74
 
 
 49,888
 1.98
 15,621
 2.42
 80
 2.71
 65,589
 2.09
Collateralized mortgage obligations 325
 2.97
 26,770
 1.77
 1,908
 1.88
 
 
 29,003
 1.79
 170
 2.84
 35,126
 1.97
 9,916
 2.26
 
 
 45,212
 2.04
Asset-backed securities 
 
 802
 1.26
 
 
 
 
 802
 1.26
 
 
 
 
 699
 1.85
 
 
 699
 1.85
Total $325
 2.97% $69,816
 1.73% $11,663
 2.03% $4,968
 2.12% $86,772
 1.80% $170
 2.84% $96,663
 1.82% $30,671
 2.30% $7,204
 2.55% $134,708
 1.97%
 
 As of December 31, 2015 As of December 31, 2016
     After One Year After Five Years             After One Year After Five Years        
 Within but Within but Within         Within but Within but Within        
 One Year Five Years Ten Years After Ten Years Total One Year Five Years Ten Years After Ten Years Total
 Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Total Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Total Yield
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agencies $
 % $3,370
 1.71% $417
 2.08% $
 % $3,787
 1.75% $
 % $345
 1.62% $351
 2.02% $
 % $696
 1.82%
Municipal securities 999
 3.25
 1,479
 2.08
 
 
 4,217
 2.16
 6,695
 2.30
 
 
 3,630
 2.13
 2,995
 1.96
 7,417
 2.51
 14,042
 2.29
Mortgage-backed securities 
 
 38,594
 1.62
 7,378
 1.77
 85
 1.85
 46,057
 1.64
 
 
 37,307
 1.63
 11,731
 2.22
 81
 2.10
 49,119
 1.77
Collateralized mortgage obligations 303
 2.51
 13,861
 2.18
 4,220
 2.01
 
 
 18,384
 2.15
 262
 2.98
 36,850
 1.73
 815
 2.42
 
 
 37,927
 1.75
Asset-backed securities 
 
 1
 
 889
 1.29
 
 
 890
 1.29
 
 
 775
 1.40
 
 
 
 
 775
 1.40
Total $1,302
 3.08% $57,305
 1.77% $12,904
 1.83% $4,302
 2.15% $75,813
 1.83% $262
 2.98% $78,907
 1.70% $15,892
 2.18% $7,498
 2.51% $102,559
 1.83%
 
The contractual maturity of mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and asset backed securities is not a reliable indicator of their expected life because borrowers have the right to prepay their obligations at any time. Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities are typically issued with stated principal amounts and are backed by pools of mortgage loans and other loans with varying maturities. The term of the underlying mortgages and loans may vary significantly due to the ability of a borrower to pre-pay. Monthly pay downs on mortgage-backed securities tend to cause the average life of the securities to be much different than the stated contractual maturity. During a period of increasing interest rates, fixed rate mortgage-backed securities do not tend to experience heavy prepayments of principal and consequently, the average life of this security will be lengthened. If interest rates begin to fall, prepayments may increase, thereby shortening the estimated life of this security. The weighted average life of our investment portfolio was 3.584.18 years and 3.744.39 years with an estimated effective duration of 2.213.01 years and 2.653.30 years as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, we did not own securities of any one issuer for which aggregate adjusted cost exceeded 10.0% of the condensed consolidated stockholders’ equity as of such respective dates.

The average yield of the securities portfolio was 1.68% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 which is consistent with the yield of 1.69% for the year ended December 31, 2015.



Deposits
We offer a variety of deposit accounts having a wide range of interest rates and terms including demand, savings, money market and time accounts. We rely primarily on competitive pricing policies, convenient locations and personalized service to attract and retain these deposits.
 
Total deposits as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 were $1.1$1.2 billion, an increase of $208.8$91.5 million, or 24.0%8.2%, compared to $868.4 million$1.1 billion as of December 31, 2015.2016. The increase from December 31, 20152016 was primarily due to an increase in financial institution money market accounts of $137.8$101.3 million resulting from the launch of a correspondent banking group, organic growth in retail and business money market accounts of $58.0 million, growth in time deposits of $31.9 million, an increase in savings accounts, of $2.4 million, and an increase of $3.6$9.4 million in noninterestnon-interest bearing deposits, whichand $6.4 million in business checking. The increase was partially offset by decreases in wholesale deposits of $20.8 million and a decrease of $4.3$18.2 million in business checking account balances.
time deposits as well as a decrease of $9.0 million in wholesale deposits. The increase in deposits was primarily due to a single customer deposit of $101.9 million.
Borrowings

We utilize short‑termshort-term and long‑termlong-term borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investment activities, each of which is discussed below.

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances. The FHLB allows us to borrow on a blanket floating lien status collateralized by certain securities and loans. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, total borrowing capacity of $355.6$412.9 million and $300.5$369.4 million, respectively, was available under this arrangement and $38.3$38.2 million and $28.4$38.3 million, respectively, was outstanding with a weighted average interest rate of 0.61%0.93% for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and 0.88%0.60% for the year ended December 31, 2015.2016. Our current FHLB advances mature within six years. We utilize these borrowings to meet liquidity needs and to fund certain fixed rate loans in our portfolio.

The following table presents our FHLB borrowings at the dates indicated. Other than FHLB borrowings, we had no other short‑termshort-term borrowings at the dates indicated.
  
FHLB AdvancesFHLB Advances
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2016 
June 30, 2017 
Amount outstanding at period-end$38,341
$38,235
Weighted average interest rate at period-end0.69%
1.26%
Maximum month-end balance during the period88,398
38,294
Average balance outstanding during the period45,435
38,275
Weighted average interest rate during the period0.59%0.84%
December 31, 2015 
December 31, 2016 
Amount outstanding at period-end$28,444
$38,306
Weighted average interest rate at period-end0.92%
0.77%
Maximum month-end balance during the period40,000
88,398
Average balance outstanding during the period18,055
43,649
Weighted average interest rate during the period0.88%0.60%
 
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas has an available borrower in custody arrangement, which allows us to borrow on a collateralized basis. Certain commercial and consumer loans are pledged under this arrangement. We maintain this borrowing arrangement to meet liquidity needs pursuant to our contingency funding plan. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015, $184.32016, $170.1 million and $152.2$197.3 million, respectively, were available under this arrangement. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, approximately $249.2$228.2 million in commercial loans were pledged as collateral. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, no borrowings were outstanding under this arrangement.
Junior subordinated debentures. In connection with the acquisition of Fidelity Resource Company during 2011, we assumed $3.1 million in fixed/floating rate junior subordinated debentures underlying common securities and preferred capital securities, or the Trust Securities, issued by Parkway National Capital Trust I, a statutory business trust and acquired wholly-owned subsidiary. We assumed the guarantor position and as such, unconditionally guarantee payment of accrued and unpaid distributions


required to be paid on the Trust Securities subject to certain exceptions, the redemption price when a capital security is called for redemption and amounts due if a trust is liquidated or terminated.
 
We own all of the outstanding common securities of the trust. The trust used the proceeds from the issuance of its Trust Securities to buy the debentures originally issued by Fidelity Resource Company. These debentures are the trust’s only assets and the interest payments from the debentures finance the distributions paid on the Trust Securities.
The Trust Securities pay cumulative cash distributions quarterly at a rate per annum equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 1.85% percent. The effective rate as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 was 2.51%3.10% and 2.18%2.70%, respectively. The Trust Securities are subject to mandatory redemption in whole or in part, upon repayment of the debentures at the stated maturity in the year 2036 or their earlier redemption, in each case at a redemption price equal to the aggregate liquidation preference of the Trust Securities plus any accumulated and unpaid distributions thereon to the date of redemption. Prior redemption is permitted under certain circumstances.
The Trust Securities qualify as Tier 1 capital, subject to regulatory limitations, under guidelines established by the Federal Reserve.
Subordinated notes. On December 23, 2013, we completed a private offering of $5.0 million in aggregate principal amount of subordinated promissory notes. The notes were structured to qualify as Tier 2 capital under applicable rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve. The proceeds from the offering were used to support our continued growth. The notes are unsecured, with quarterly interest payable at a fixed rate of 6.0% per annum, and unpaid principal and interest on the notes is due at the stated maturity on December 31, 2023. We may redeem the notes in whole or in part on any interest payment date that occurs on or after December 23, 2018 subject to approval of the Federal Reserve.

Under the terms of the notes, if we have not paid interest on the notes within 30 days of any interest payment date, or if our classified assets to total tangible capital ratio exceeds 40.0%, then the note holder that holds the greatest aggregate principal amount of the notes may appoint one representative to attend meetings of our board of directors as an observer. The board observation rights terminate when such overdue interest is paid or our classified assets to total tangible capital ratio no longer exceeds 40.0%. In addition, the terms of the notes provide that the note holders will have the same rights to inspect our books and records provided to holders our common stock under Texas law.
In connection with the issuance of the notes, we also issued warrants to purchase 25,000 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $11.00 per share, exercisable at any time, in whole or in part, on or prior to December 31, 2023.
 As of September 30, As of December 31, As of June 30, As of December 31,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Junior subordinated debentures $3,093
 $3,093
 $3,093
 $3,093
Subordinated notes 4,984
 4,983
 4,946
 4,942
Total $8,077
 $8,076
 $8,039
 $8,035

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity involves our ability to raise funds to support asset growth and acquisitions or reduce assets to meet deposit withdrawals and other payment obligations, to maintain reserve requirements and otherwise to operate on an ongoing basis and manage unexpected events. For the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and the year ended December 31, 2015,2016, our liquidity needs were primarily met by core deposits, wholesale borrowings, security and loan maturities and amortizing investment and loan portfolios. Use of brokered deposits, purchased funds from correspondent banks and overnight advances from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas are available and have been utilized to take advantage of the cost of these funding sources. We maintained two lines of credit with commercial banks that provide for extensions of credit with an availability to borrow up to an aggregate $14.6 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.2016. There were no advances under these lines of credit outstanding as of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.

2016.


The following table illustrates, during the periods presented, the mix of our funding sources and the average assets in which those funds are invested as a percentage of our average total assets for the period indicated. Average assets totaled $1.1$1.5 billion for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and $898.8 million$1.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2015.2016.
 For the For the For the For the
 Nine Months Ended Year Ended Six Months Ended Year Ended
 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Sources of Funds:        
Deposits:        
Noninterest-bearing 25.9% 29.8% 23.3% 25.5%
Interest-bearing 57.2
 52.8
 57.3
 57.9
Advances from FHLB 4.0
 2.0
 2.5
 3.7
Other borrowings 0.7
 1.0
 0.5
 0.7
Other liabilities 0.2
 0.3
 0.2
 0.2
Stockholders’ equity 12.0
 14.1
 16.2
 12.0
Total 100.0% 100% 100.0% 100.0%
Uses of Funds:        
Loans 78.4% 76.8% 68.2% 77.2%
Securities available for sale 7.0
 6.6
 8.5
 7.1
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks 6.5
 7.9
 16.4
 7.8
Other noninterest-earning assets 8.1
 8.7
 6.9
 7.9
Total 100% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Average noninterest-bearing deposits to average deposits 31.2% 36.0% 28.9% 30.5%
Average loans to average deposits 94.4% 93.1% 84.7% 92.5%
Our primary source of funds is deposits, and our primary use of funds is loans. We do not expect a change in the primary source or use of our funds in the foreseeable future. Our average loans net of allowance for loan loss increased 36.7%17.3% for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 compared to the same period in 2015.2016. We invest excess deposits in interest-bearing deposits at other banks, the Federal Reserve, or liquid investments securities until these monies are needed to fund loan growth.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, we had outstanding $242.3$269.9 million in commitments to extend credit and $6.7$5.9 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit. As of December 31, 2015,2016, we had outstanding $236.7$236.9 million in commitments to extend credit and $2.0$6.9 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the total outstanding may not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had no exposure to future cash requirements associated with known uncertainties or capital expenditures of a material nature. As of September 30, 2016,2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $178.6$173.1 million compared to $71.6$234.8 million as of December 31, 2015.2016. The increasedecrease was primarily due to increasethe funding of loan and investment growth over the period. Additionally, in deposits at September 30,December 31, 2016

we received $94.5 million net proceeds from the sale of common stock in an underwritten public offering of which $58.0 million is to pay the aggregate cash consideration for the Sovereign merger which is expected to close during the third quarter of 2017.
Capital Resources

Total stockholders’ equity increased to $142.4$247.6 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, compared to $132.0$239.1 million as of December 31, 2015,2016, an increase of $10.4$8.5 million, or 7.9%3.6%. The increase from December 31, 20152016 was primarily the result of $9.4$6.7 million in net income for the period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we declared and paid cash dividends on our Series C preferred stock of $60 thousand. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we did not declare or pay cash dividends as we redeemed all 8,000 shares of SBLF Series C preferred stock on December 22, 2015. See Note 12 “Preferred Stock” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this report. Since incorporation, we have not declared or paid any type of dividend to owners of our common stock.

Capital management consists of providing equity to support our current and future operations. The bank regulators view capital levels as important indicators of an institution’s financial soundness. As a general matter, FDIC‑insuredFDIC-insured depository institutions and their holding companies are required to maintain minimum capital relative to the amount and types of assets they


hold. We are subject to regulatory capital requirements at the bank holding company and bank levels. See Note 1312 “Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Retained Earnings” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Report for additional discussion regarding the regulatory capital requirements applicable to us and the Bank. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Bank and we complied with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, and the Bank was classified


as “well capitalized,” for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations. As we employ our capital and continue to grow our operations, our regulatory capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we expect to monitor and control our growth in order to remain in compliance with all regulatory capital standards applicable to us.

The following table presents the actual capital amounts and regulatory capital ratios for us and the Bank as of the dates indicated.
 As of September 30, As of December 31, As of June 30, As of December 31,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
 Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Veritex Holdings, Inc.                
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) $130,104
 13.38% $119,208
 14.25% $236,955
 18.92% $228,566
 22.02%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) 117,018
 12.04
 107,453
 12.85
 222,269
 17.75
 215,057
 20.72
Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets) 113,925
 11.72
 104,360
 12.48
 219,176
 17.50
 211,964
 20.42
Tier 1 capital (to average assets) 117,018
 9.82
 107,453
 10.75
 222,269
 15.09
 215,057
 16.82
Veritex Community Bank                
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) $126,019
 12.97% $104,427
 12.49% $139,381
 11.14% $130,237
 12.55%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) 117,917
 12.14
 97,655
 11.68
 129,642
 10.36
 121,713
 11.73
Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets) 117,917
 12.14
 97,655
 11.68
 129,642
 10.36
 121,713
 11.73
Tier 1 capital (to average assets) 117,917
 9.90
 97,655
 9.78
 129,642
 8.81
 121,713
 9.52
Contractual Obligations

In the ordinary course of the Company’s operations, the Company enters into certain contractual obligations, such as obligations for operating leases and other arrangements with respect to deposit liabilities, FHLB advances and other borrowed funds. The Company believes that it will be able to meet its contractual obligations as they come due through the maintenance of adequate cash levels. The Company expects to maintain adequate cash levels through profitability, loan and securities repayment and maturity activity and continued deposit gathering activities. The Company has in place various borrowing mechanisms for both short-term and long-term liquidity needs.

Other than normal changes in the ordinary course of business, there have been no significant changes in the types of contractual obligations or amounts due since December 31, 2015.2016.

Off‑BalanceOff-Balance Sheet Items

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. However, the Company has only limited off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on the Company’s financial condition, revenues, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. The Company enters into these transactions to meet the financing needs of the its customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and issue standby letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s commitments to extend credit and outstanding standby letters of credit were $242.3$269.9 million and $6.7$5.9 million, respectively, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. Since commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the amounts shown do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements. The Company manages the Company’s liquidity in light of the aggregate amounts of commitments to extend credit and outstanding standby letters of credit in effect from time to time to ensure that the Company will have adequate sources of liquidity to fund such commitments and honor drafts under such letters of credit.



Commitments to Extend Credit

The Company enters into contractual commitments to extend credit, normally with fixed expiration dates or termination clauses, at specified rates and for specific purposes. Substantially all of the Company’s commitments to extend credit are contingent upon customers maintaining specific credit standards at the time of loan funding. The Company minimizes its exposure to loss under these commitments by subjecting them to credit approval and monitoring procedures.

Standby Letters of Credit

Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments that the Company issues to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event the customer does not perform in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, the Company would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. If the commitment is funded, the customer is obligated to reimburse the Company for the amount paid under this standby letter of credit.

Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk

As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Our asset liability and funds management policy provides management with the guidelines for effective funds management, and we have established a measurement system for monitoring our net interest rate sensitivity position. We manage our sensitivity position within our established guidelines.

Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities, and the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those that have a short term to maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic losses due to future interest rate changes. These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current fair market values. The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income and to adjust the balance sheet to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time maximizing income.

We manage our exposure to interest rates by structuring our balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. We do not enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, interest rate swaps, financial options, financial future contracts or forward delivery contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. Based upon the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets.

Our exposure to interest rate risk is managed by the Asset-Liability Committee of the Bank, in accordance with policies approved by its board of directors. The committee formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, the committee considers the impact on earnings and capital of the current outlook on interest rates, potential changes in interest rates, regional economies, liquidity, business strategies and other factors. The committee meets regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, purchase and sale activities, commitments to originate loans and the maturities of investments and borrowings. Additionally, the committee reviews liquidity, cash flow flexibility, maturities of deposits and consumer and commercial deposit activity. Management employs methodologies to manage interest rate risk that include an analysis of relationships between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and an interest rate shock simulation model.

We use interest rate risk simulation models and shock analysis to test the interest rate sensitivity of net interest income and fair value of equity, and the impact of changes in interest rates on other financial metrics. Contractual maturities and re-pricing opportunities of loans are incorporated in the model, as are prepayment assumptions, maturity data and call options within the investment portfolio. Average life of our non-maturity deposit accounts are based on standard regulatory decay assumptions and are incorporated into the model. The assumptions used are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.

On a quarterly basis, we run two simulation models including a static balance sheet and dynamic growth balance sheet. These models test the impact on net interest income and fair value of equity from changes in market interest rates under various scenarios. Under the static and dynamic growth models, rates are shocked instantaneously and ramped rate changes over a twelve-month and twenty-four month horizon based upon parallel and non-parallel yield curve shifts. Parallel shock scenarios assume


instantaneous parallel movements in the yield curve compared to a flat yield curve scenario. Non-parallel simulation involves analysis of interest income and expense under various changes in the shape of the yield curve. Internal policy regarding internal rate risk simulations currently specifies that for instantaneous parallel shifts of the yield curve, estimated net interest income at risk for the subsequent one-year period should not decline by more than 12.5% for a 100 basis point shift, 15.0% for a 200 basis point shift, and 20.0% for a 300 basis point shift.

The following table summarizes the simulated change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of the date indicated:

As of September 30, 2016
As of December 31, 2015
As of June 30, 2017
As of December 31, 2016

Percent Change
Percent Change
Percent Change
Percent Change
Percent Change
Percent Change
Percent Change
Percent Change
Change in Interest
in Net Interest
in Fair Value
in Net Interest
in Fair Value
in Net Interest
in Fair Value
in Net Interest
in Fair Value
Rates (Basis Points)
Income
of Equity
Income
of Equity
Income
of Equity
Income
of Equity
+ 300
9.36 %
7.75 %
4.61 %
6.23 %
9.27 %
8.16 %
12.60 %
11.67 %
+ 200
7.24 %
9.44 %
3.28 %
7.53 %
7.21 %
9.98 %
9.63 %
12.04 %
+ 100
4.65 %
8.06 %
1.70 %
6.22 %
4.67 %
8.62 %
6.14 %
9.29 %
Base
0.74 %
 %
(0.43)%
 %
0.23 %
 %
0.99 %
 %
−100
(2.00)%
(8.69)%
(1.90)%
(7.74)%
(3.56)%
(11.17)%
(2.56)%
(11.22)%
The results are primarily due to behavior of demand, money market and savings deposits during such rate fluctuations. We have found that, historically, interest rates on these deposits change more slowly than changes in the discount and federal funds rates. This assumption is incorporated into the simulation model and is generally not fully reflected in a gap analysis. The assumptions incorporated into the model are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various strategies.

Impact of Inflation

Our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Report have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. These require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative value of money over time due to inflation or recession.

Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. However, other operating expenses do reflect general levels of inflation.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP, and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, we also evaluate our performance based on certain additional financial measures discussed in this Report as being non-GAAP financial measures. We classify a financial measure as being a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, that are included or excluded, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP as in effect from time to time in the United States in our statements of income, balance sheets or statements of cash flows. Non-GAAP financial measures do not include operating and other statistical measures or ratios or statistical measures calculated using exclusively either financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, operating measures or other measures that are not non-GAAP financial measures or both.

The non-GAAP financial measures that we discuss in this Report should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the most directly comparable or other financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which we calculate the non-GAAP financial measures discussed herein may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names. You should understand how such other banking organizations calculate their financial measures similar or with names similar to the non-GAAP financial measures we have discussed in this filing when comparing such non-GAAP financial measures.



Tangible Book Value Per Common Share 

Tangible book value per common share is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate (1) tangible common equity as stockholders’ equity less preferred stock, and goodwill, core deposit intangibles and other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, and (2) tangible book value per common share as tangible common equity divided by shares of common stock outstanding. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for tangible book value per common share is book value per common share.

We believe that this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace who are interested in changes from period to period in book value per common share exclusive of changes in intangible assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets have the effect of increasing total book value while not increasing our tangible book value.

The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and presents our tangible book value per common share compared to our book value per common share:
 As of September 30, As of December 31, As of June 30, As of December 31,
 2016 2015 2015 2017 2016 2016
 (Dollars in thousands, except share data) (Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Tangible Common Equity            
Total stockholders’ equity $142,423
 $137,508
 $132,046
 $247,602
 $138,850
 $239,088
Adjustments: 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock 
 (8,000) 
Common shareholder book value 142,423
 129,508
 132,046
Goodwill (26,865) (26,025) (26,865) (26,865) (26,865) (26,865)
Intangible assets (2,257) (2,458) (2,410) (2,171) (2,264) (2,181)
Total tangible common equity $113,301
 $101,025
 $102,771
 $218,566
 $109,721
 $210,042
Common shares outstanding(1) 10,736,037
 10,700,432
 10,712,472
 15,233,010
 10,727,863
 15,195,328
Book value per common share $13.27
 $12.10
 $12.33
 $16.25
 $12.94
 $15.73
Tangible book value per common share $10.55
 $9.44
 $9.59
 $14.35
 $10.23
 $13.82
(1)Excludes the dilutive effect, if any, of 454,000,  378,000499,000,  449,000 and 378,000454,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options as of SeptemberJune 30, 2016, September2017, June 30, 20152016 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively, and 165,000,  153,000,170,000,  172,000, and 136,000147,000 shares of common stock issuable upon vesting of outstanding restricted stock units as of SeptemberJune 30, 2016, September2017, June 30, 20152016 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.

Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets 

Tangible common equity to tangible assets is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate tangible common equity, as described above, and tangible assets as total assets less goodwill, core deposit intangibles and other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for tangible common equity to tangible assets is total common stockholders’ equity to total assets.

We believe that this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace who are interested in the relative changes from period to period in common equity and total assets, each exclusive of changes in intangible assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets have the effect of increasing both total stockholders’ equity and assets while not increasing our tangible common equity or tangible assets.



The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets:
 As of September 30, As of December 31, As of June 30, As of December 31,
 2016 2015 2017 2016
 (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Tangible Common Equity        
Total stockholders’ equity $142,423
 $132,046
 $247,602
 $239,088
Adjustments: 
 
 
 
Goodwill (26,865) (26,865) (26,865) (26,865)
Intangible assets (2,257) (2,410) (2,171) (2,181)
Total tangible common equity $113,301
 $102,771
 $218,566
 $210,042
Tangible Assets        
Total assets $1,269,238
 $1,039,600
 $1,508,589
 $1,408,507
Adjustments: 
 
 
 
Goodwill (26,865) (26,865) (26,865) (26,865)
Intangible assets (2,257) (2,410) (2,171) (2,181)
Total tangible assets $1,240,116
 $1,010,325
 $1,479,553
 $1,379,461
Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets 9.14% 10.17% 14.77% 15.23%
Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and with general practices within the financial services industry. Application of these principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under current circumstances. These assumptions form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from independent, objective sources. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Use of alternative assumptions may have resulted in significantly different estimates. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

We have identified the following accounting policies and estimates that, due to the difficult, subjective or complex judgments and assumptions inherent in those policies and estimates and the potential sensitivity of our financial statements to those judgments and assumptions, are critical to an understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. We believe that the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our financial statements are appropriate.

Business Combinations

We apply the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under the acquisition method, the acquiring entity in a business combination recognizes 100% of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. We use valuation techniques appropriate for the asset or liability being measured in determining these fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over amounts allocated to assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Where amounts allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed is greater than the purchase price, a bargain purchase gain is recognized. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

Investment Securities

Securities are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost when we have the positive intent and ability to hold them until maturity. Securities to be held for indefinite periods of time are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value, with the unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. We determined the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. Interest income includes amortization of purchase premiums and discounts. Realized gains and losses are derived from the amortized cost of the security sold. Credit related declines in the fair value of held to maturity and available for sale securities below their cost that are deemed to be other than temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses, with the remaining unrealized loss recognized as a component of other comprehensive income. In estimating other‑than‑temporaryother-than-temporary impairment losses, we consider, among other things, (1) the length of time and the extent to which


the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near‑termnear-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent


and our ability to retain the investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale consist of certain mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market and are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value on an individual loan basis. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. We obtain purchase commitments from secondary market investors prior to closing the loans and do not retain the servicing obligations related to any such loans upon their sale. Gains and losses on sales of loans held for sale are based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related loan sold.

Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans, excluding certain purchased loans that have shown evidence of deterioration since origination as of the date of the acquisition, that we have the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, reduced by unearned income and an allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is recognized using the effective-interest method on the daily balances of the principal amounts outstanding. Fees associated with the originating of loans and certain direct loan origination costs are netted and the net amount is deferred and recognized over the life of the loan as an adjustment of yield.

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when there is a clear indication that the borrower’s cash flow may not be sufficient to meet payments as they become due, which is generally when a loan is 90 days past due. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all previously accrued and unpaid interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized on a cash basis as long as the remaining book balance of the asset is deemed to be collectible. If collectability is questionable, then cash payments are applied to principal. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement.

The allowance for loan losses is an estimated amount we believe is adequate to absorb inherent losses on existing loans that may be uncollectible based upon review and evaluation of the loan portfolio. Our periodic evaluation of the allowance is based on general economic conditions, the financial condition of borrowers, the value and liquidity of collateral, delinquency, prior loan loss experience, and the results of periodic reviews of the portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is comprised of two components: the general reserve and specific reserves. The general reserve is determined in accordance with current authoritative accounting guidance. The Company’s calculation of the general reserve considers historical loss rates for the last three years adjusted for qualitative factors based upon general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company. Such qualitative factors include current local economic conditions and trends including unemployment, changes in lending staff, policies and procedures, changes in credit concentrations, changes in the trends and severity of problem loans and changes in trends in volume and terms of loans. These qualitative factors serve to compensate for additional areas of uncertainty inherent in the portfolio that are not reflected in our historic loss factors. For purposes of determining the general reserve, the loan portfolio, less cash secured loans, government guaranteed loans and impaired loans, is multiplied by our adjusted historical loss rate. Specific reserves are determined in accordance with current authoritative accounting guidance based on probable losses on specific classified loans.

The allowance for loan losses is increased by charges to income and decreased by charge‑offscharge-offs (net of recoveries).

Due to the growth of the Bank over the past several years, a portion of the loans in our portfolio and our lending relationships are of relatively recent origin. The new loan portfolios have limited delinquency and credit loss history and have not yet exhibited an observable loss trend. The credit quality of loans in these loan portfolios are impacted by delinquency status and debt service coverage generated by the borrowers’ business and fluctuations in the value of real estate collateral. We consider delinquency status to be the most meaningful indicator of the credit quality of 1-4 single family residential, home equity loans and lines of credit and other consumer loans. In general, loans do not begin to show signs of credit deterioration or default until they have been outstanding for some period of time, a process we refer to as “seasoning”. As a result, a portfolio of older loans will usually behave more predictably than a portfolio of newer loans. Because the majority of our portfolio is relatively new, the current level of delinquencies and defaults may not be representative of the level that will prevail when the portfolio becomes more seasoned, which may be higher than current levels.

Delinquency statistics are updated at least monthly. Internal risk ratings are considered the most meaningful indicator of credit quality for new commercial, construction, and commercial real estate loans. Internal risk ratings are a key factor in identifying


loans that are individually evaluated for impairment and impact our estimates of loss factors used in determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses. Internal risk ratings are updated on a continuous basis.

Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable we will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible.

Our policy requires measurement of the allowance for an impaired collateral dependent loan based on the fair value of the collateral. Other loan impairments are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows or the loan’s observable market price. At SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, all significant impaired loans have been determined to be collateral dependent and the allowance for loss has been measured utilizing the estimated fair value of the collateral.

From time to time, we may modify our loan agreement with a borrower. A modified loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring when two conditions are met: (1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and (2) concessions are made by us that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower with similar credit risk characteristics. Modifications to loan terms may include a lower interest rate, a reduction of principal, or a longer term to maturity. All troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired loans. We review each troubled debt restructured loan and determine on a case by case basis if a specific allowance for loan loss is required. An allowance for loan loss allocation is based on either the present value of estimated future cash flows or the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral.

We have certain lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income with an acceptable level of risk. We review and approve these policies and procedures on a regular basis and makes changes as appropriate. We receive frequent reports related to loan originations, quality, concentrations, delinquencies, non‑performingnon-performing and potential problem loans. Diversification in the loan portfolio is a means of managing risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions, both by type of loan and geography.

Commercial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate profitably and effectively. Underwriting standards are designed to determine whether the borrower possesses sound business ethics and practices and to evaluate current and projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed. Commercial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and, secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, and include personal guarantees.

Real estate loans are also subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans. These loans are underwritten primarily based on projected cash flows and, secondarily, as loans secured by real estate. The repayment of real estate loans is generally largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loans or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing our real estate portfolio are generally diverse in terms of type and geographic location, throughout the Dallas metropolitan area. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single market or industry.

We utilize methodical credit standards and analysis to supplement our policies and procedures in underwriting consumer loans. Our loan policy addresses types of consumer loans that may be originated and the collateral, if secured, which must be perfected. The relatively smaller individual dollar amounts of consumer loans that are spread over numerous individual borrowers also minimizes our risk.

Emerging Growth Company 

The JOBS Act permits an “emerging growth company” to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. However, we have “opted out” of this provision. As a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards to the same extent that compliance is required for non‑emergingnon-emerging growth companies. This decision to opt out of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act is irrevocable.






Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Forward-looking statements included in this Report are based on various facts and derived utilizing numerous important assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include the information concerning our future financial performance, business and growth strategy, projected plans and objectives, as well as projections of macroeconomic and industry trends, which are inherently unreliable due to the multiple factors that impact economic trends, and any such variations may be material. Statements preceded by, followed by or that otherwise include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “projects,” “estimates,” “plans” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “may” and “could” are generally forward-looking in nature and not historical facts, although not all forward-looking statements include the foregoing. You should understand that the following important factors could affect our future results and cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements:

risks related to the concentration of our business within the Dallas metropolitan area, including risks associated with any downturn in the real estate sector and risks associated with a decline in the values of single family homes in the Dallas metropolitan area;
our ability to implement our growth strategy, including identifying and consummating suitable acquisitions;
risks related to the integration of any acquired businesses, including exposure to potential asset quality and credit quality risks and unknown or contingent liabilities, the time and costs associated with integrating systems, technology platforms, procedures and personnel, the need for additional capital to finance such transactions, and possible failures in realizing the anticipated benefits from acquisitions;
our ability to recruit and retain successful bankers that meet our expectations in terms of customer relationships and profitability;
our ability to retain executive officers and key employees and their customer and community relationships;
risks associated with our limited operating history and the relatively unseasoned nature of a significant portion of our loan portfolioportfolio;
market conditions and economic trends nationally, regionally and particularly in the Dallas metropolitan area and Texas;
risks related to our strategic focus on lending to small to medium-sized businesses;
the sufficiency of the assumptions and estimates we make in establishing reserves for potential loan losses;
risks associated with our commercial loan portfolio, including the risk for deterioration in value of the general business assets that generally secure such loans;
risks associated with our nonfarm nonresidentialcommercial real estate and construction loan portfolios, including the risks inherent in the valuation of the collateral securing such loans;
potential changes in the prices, values and sales volumes of commercial and residential real estate securing our real estate loans;
risks related to the significant amount of credit that we have extended to a limited number of borrowers and in a limited geographic area;
our ability to maintain adequate liquidity and to raise necessary capital to fund our acquisition strategy and operations or to meet increased minimum regulatory capital levels;
changes in market interest rates that affect the pricing of our loans and deposits and our net interest income;
potential fluctuations in the market value and liquidity of our investment securities;


the effects of competition from a wide variety of local, regional, national and other providers of financial, investment and insurance services;
our ability to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting;
risks associated with fraudulent and negligent acts by our customers, employees or vendors;
our ability to keep pace with technological change or difficulties when implementing new technologies;
risks associated with system failures or failures to prevent breaches of our network security;
risks associated with data processing system failures and errors;
our ability to successfully execute the acquisition of Sovereign;
our actual cost savings resulting from the acquisition of Sovereign are less than expected, we are unable to realize those cost savings as soon as expected or we incur additional or unexpected costs;
our revenues after the Sovereign acquisition are less than expected;
potential impairment on the goodwill we have recorded or may record in connection with business acquisitions;
the institution and outcome of litigation and other legal proceedingproceedings against us or to which we become subject;
our ability to comply with various governmental and regulatory requirements applicable to financial institutions;
the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators, such as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, or the Dodd-Frank Act;
governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including the policies of the Federal Reserve;


our ability to comply with supervisory actions by federal and state banking agencies;
changes in the scope and cost of FDIC, insurance and other coverage; and
systemic risks associated with the soundness of other financial institutions.

Other factors not identified above, including those described under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015,2016, as well as the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may also cause actual results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements. Most of these factors are difficult to anticipate and are generally beyond our control. You should consider these factors in connection with considering any forward-looking statements that may be made by us. We undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events unless we are required to do so by law.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company manages market risk, which, as a financial institution is primarily interest rate volatility, through the Asset-Liability Committee of the Bank, in accordance with policies approved by theits board of directors. The Company uses an interest rate risk simulation model and shock analysis to test the interest rate sensitivity of net interest income and fair value of equity, and the impact of changes in interest rates on other financial metrics. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk” herein for a discussion of how we manage market risk.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures



Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures — As of the end of the period covered by this Report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting —There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e)13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.



PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are from time to time subject to claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims and litigation may include, among other things, allegations of violation of banking and other applicable regulations, competition law, labor laws and consumer protection laws, as well as claims or litigation relating to intellectual property, securities, breach of contract and tort. We intend to defend ourselves vigorously against any pending or future claims and litigation.

At this time, in the opinion of management, the likelihood is remote that the impact of such proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our combined results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, one or more unfavorable outcomes in any claim or litigation against us could have a material adverse effect for the period in which they are resolved. In addition, regardless of their merits or their ultimate outcomes, such matters are costly, divert management’s attention and may materially adversely affect our reputation, even if resolved in our favor.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In evaluating an investment in our common stock, investors should consider carefully, among other things, the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10‑K10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015,2016, as well as the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other reports and registration statements filed with the SEC.
There has been no material change in the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.


Item 6. Exhibits
 
Exhibit
Number
    Description of Exhibit
   
Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated December 14, 2016, by and between Veritex Holdings, Inc., Spartan Merger Sub, Inc., and Sovereign Bancshares, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 14, 2016).
 Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation of Veritex Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed September 22, 2014 (File No. 333-198484)).
   
 Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of Veritex Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed September 22, 2014 (File No. 333-198484)).
   
31.1*Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of Veritex Holdings, Inc., marked to show amendments effective as of May 18, 2017.
 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
   
 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
   
101* The following materials from Veritex Holdings’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language), furnished herewith: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

* Filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
** Furnished with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q



SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
   
  VERITEX HOLDINGS, INC.
  (Registrant)
   
   
   
   
   
Date: October 27, 2016July 25, 2017 /s/ C. Malcolm Holland, III
  C. Malcolm Holland, III
  Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
  (Principal Executive Officer)
   
   
   
   
Date: October 27, 2016July 25, 2017 /s/ Noreen E. Skelly
  Noreen E. Skelly
  Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
   
   
   

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