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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 ______________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
 ______________________________________________________________
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 20212022
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to ________
Commission file number 001-34910
  ______________________________________________________________
HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 ______________________________________________________________
Delaware90-0607005
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
4101 Washington Avenue Newport News, Virginia 23607
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(757) 380-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 ______________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common StockHIINew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large Accelerated FilerAccelerated Filer
Non-Accelerated FilerSmaller Reporting Company
Emerging Growth Company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes No  
As of April 30, 2021, 40,232,34029, 2022, 40,047,195 shares of the registrant's common stock were outstanding.



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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATIONPage
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.



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HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
 Three Months Ended
March 31
(in millions, except per share amounts)20212020
Sales and service revenues
Product sales$1,721 $1,624 
Service revenues557 639 
Sales and service revenues2,278 2,263 
Cost of sales and service revenues
Cost of product sales1,454 1,290 
Cost of service revenues482 550 
Income from operating investments, net8 
Other income and gains3 — 
General and administrative expenses206 214 
Operating income147 215 
Other income (expense)
Interest expense(21)(16)
Non-operating retirement benefit46 30 
Other, net1 (13)
Earnings before income taxes173 216 
Federal and foreign income taxes25 44 
Net earnings$148 $172 
Basic earnings per share$3.68 $4.23 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding40.2 40.7 
Diluted earnings per share$3.68 $4.23 
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding40.2 40.7 
Dividends declared per share$1.14 $1.03 
Net earnings from above$148 $172 
Other comprehensive income
Change in unamortized benefit plan costs29 23 
Other2 (2)
Tax expense for items of other comprehensive income(7)(6)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax24 15 
Comprehensive income$172 $187 

 Three Months Ended
March 31
(in millions, except per share amounts)20222021
Sales and service revenues
Product sales$1,724 $1,721 
Service revenues852 557 
Sales and service revenues2,576 2,278 
Cost of sales and service revenues
Cost of product sales1,468 1,454 
Cost of service revenues759 482 
Income from operating investments, net7 
Other income and gains (losses), net(1)
General and administrative expenses217 206 
Operating income138 147 
Other income (expense)
Interest expense(26)(21)
Non-operating retirement benefit71 46 
Other, net(7)
Earnings before income taxes176 173 
Federal and foreign income tax expense36 25 
Net earnings$140 $148 
Basic earnings per share$3.50 $3.68 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding40.0 40.2 
Diluted earnings per share$3.50 $3.68 
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding40.0 40.2 
Dividends declared per share$1.18 $1.14 
Net earnings from above$140 $148 
Other comprehensive income
Change in unamortized benefit plan costs(86)29 
Other 
Tax benefit (expense) for items of other comprehensive income22 (7)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(64)24 
Comprehensive income$76 $172 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION (UNAUDITED)
($ in millions)March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$407 $512 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2 million as of 2021 and 2020407 397 
Contract assets1,288 1,049 
Inventoried costs, net142 137 
Income taxes receivable133 171 
Assets held for sale 133 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets66 45 
Total current assets2,443 2,444 
Property, plant, and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $2,055 million as of 2021 and $2,024 million as of 20202,988 2,978 
Operating lease assets195 192 
Goodwill1,604 1,617 
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $668 million as of 2021 and $655 million as of 2020512 512 
Deferred tax assets95 133 
Miscellaneous other assets377 281 
Total assets$8,214 $8,157 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities
Trade accounts payable$397 $460 
Accrued employees’ compensation302 293 
Current portion of postretirement plan liabilities133 133 
Current portion of workers’ compensation liabilities227 225 
Contract liabilities700 585 
Liabilities held for sale 68 
Other current liabilities531 462 
Total current liabilities2,290 2,226 
Long-term debt1,688 1,686 
Pension plan liabilities869 960 
Other postretirement plan liabilities397 401 
Workers’ compensation liabilities515 511 
Long-term operating lease liabilities159 157 
Other long-term liabilities317 315 
Total liabilities6,235 6,256 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 14)00
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 150 million shares authorized; 53.4 million shares issued and 40.3 million shares outstanding as of March 31, 2021, and 53.3 million shares issued and 40.5 million shares outstanding as of December 31, 20201 
Additional paid-in capital1,974 1,972 
Retained earnings3,635 3,533 
Treasury stock(2,108)(2,058)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(1,523)(1,547)
Total stockholders’ equity1,979 1,901 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$8,214 $8,157 

($ in millions)March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$330 $627 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2 million as of 2022 and $9 million as of 2021671 433 
Contract assets1,349 1,310 
Inventoried costs, net188 161 
Income taxes receivable171 209 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets77 50 
Total current assets2,786 2,790 
Property, plant, and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $2,193 million as of 2022 and $2,149 million as of 20213,094 3,107 
Operating lease assets235 241 
Goodwill2,628 2,628 
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $776 million as of 2022 and $741 million as of 20211,124 1,159 
Pension plan assets275 281 
Miscellaneous other assets415 421 
Total assets$10,557 $10,627 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities
Trade accounts payable$544 $603 
Accrued employees’ compensation336 361 
Current portion of postretirement plan liabilities137 137 
Current portion of workers’ compensation liabilities254 252 
Contract liabilities685 651 
Other current liabilities465 423 
Total current liabilities2,421 2,427 
Long-term debt3,200 3,298 
Pension plan liabilities398 351 
Other postretirement plan liabilities365 368 
Workers’ compensation liabilities509 506 
Long-term operating lease liabilities189 194 
Deferred tax liabilities293 313 
Other long-term liabilities360 362 
Total liabilities7,735 7,819 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 14)00
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 150 million shares authorized; 53.5 million shares issued and 40.1 million shares outstanding as of March 31, 2022, and 53.4 million shares issued and 40.0 million shares outstanding as of December 31, 20211 
Additional paid-in capital1,995 1,998 
Retained earnings3,982 3,891 
Treasury stock(2,169)(2,159)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(987)(923)
Total stockholders’ equity2,822 2,808 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$10,557 $10,627 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
 Three Months Ended
March 31
($ in millions)20212020
Operating Activities
Net earnings$148 $172 
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Depreciation52 47 
Amortization of purchased intangibles13 11 
Amortization of debt issuance costs2 
Stock-based compensation9 
Deferred income taxes31 18 
Gain on disposition of business(3)— 
Loss (gain) on investments in marketable securities(4)16 
Change in
Accounts receivable(10)(93)
Contract assets(239)(140)
Inventoried costs(5)(6)
Prepaid expenses and other assets(6)(1)
Accounts payable and accruals116 46 
Retiree benefits(65)(13)
Other non-cash transactions, net4 
Net cash provided by operating activities43 68 
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures
Capital expenditure additions(60)(71)
Grant proceeds for capital expenditures1 
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash received (378)
Investment in affiliates(12)— 
Proceeds from disposition of business25 — 
Net cash used in investing activities(46)(444)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from revolving credit facility borrowings 385 
Repayment of revolving credit facility borrowings (5)
Net borrowings on commercial paper 88 
Dividends paid(46)(42)
Repurchases of common stock(49)(84)
Employee taxes on certain share-based payment arrangements(7)(13)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(102)329 
Change in cash and cash equivalents(105)(47)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period512 75 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$407 $28 
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure
Cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds)$(42)$
Cash paid for interest$1 $
Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Capital expenditures accrued in accounts payable$12 $10 
Accrued repurchases of common stock$1 $— 
 Three Months Ended
March 31
($ in millions)20222021
Operating Activities
Net earnings$140 $148 
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Depreciation52 52 
Amortization of purchased intangibles35 13 
Amortization of debt issuance costs2 
Provision for doubtful accounts(7)— 
Stock-based compensation9 
Deferred income taxes2 31 
Gain on disposition of business (3)
Loss (gain) on investments in marketable securities9 (4)
Change in
Accounts receivable(231)(10)
Contract assets(39)(239)
Inventoried costs(27)(5)
Prepaid expenses and other assets7 (6)
Accounts payable and accruals 116 
Retiree benefits(34)(65)
Other non-cash transactions, net(1)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(83)43 
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures
Capital expenditure additions(43)(60)
Grant proceeds for capital expenditures 
Investment in affiliates (12)
Proceeds from disposition of business 25 
Net cash used in investing activities(43)(46)
Financing Activities
Repayment of long-term debt(100)— 
Dividends paid(47)(46)
Repurchases of common stock(10)(49)
Employee taxes on certain share-based payment arrangements(14)(7)
Net cash used in financing activities(171)(102)
Change in cash and cash equivalents(297)(105)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period627 512 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$330 $407 
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure
Cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds)$ $(42)
Cash paid for interest$11 $
Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Capital expenditures accrued in accounts payable$1 $12 
Accrued repurchases of common stock$ $
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED) 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020
($ in millions)
Common StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained Earnings (Deficit)Treasury StockAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2019$$1,961 $3,009 $(1,974)$(1,409)$1,588 
Net earnings— — 172 — — 172 
Dividends declared ($1.03 per share)— — (42)— — (42)
Stock compensation— (6)— — — (6)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 15 15 
Treasury stock activity— — — (84)— (84)
Balance as of March 31, 2020$$1,955 $3,139 $(2,058)$(1,394)$1,643 
Balance as of December 31, 2020$$1,972 $3,533 $(2,058)$(1,547)$1,901 
Net earnings  148   148 
Dividends declared ($1.14 per share)  (46)  (46)
Stock compensation 2    2 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax    24 24 
Treasury stock activity   (50) (50)
Balance as of March 31, 2021$1 $1,974 $3,635 $(2,108)$(1,523)$1,979 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
($ in millions)
Common StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained Earnings (Deficit)Treasury StockAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2020$$1,972 $3,533 $(2,058)$(1,547)$1,901 
Net earnings— — 148 — — 148 
Dividends declared ($1.14 per share)— — (46)— — (46)
Stock-based compensation— — — — 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 24 24 
Treasury stock activity— — — (50)— (50)
Balance as of March 31, 2021$$1,974 $3,635 $(2,108)$(1,523)$1,979 
Balance as of December 31, 2021$$1,998 $3,891 $(2,159)$(923)$2,808 
Net earnings  140   140 
Dividends declared ($1.18 per share)  (47)  (47)
Stock-based compensation (3)(2)  (5)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax    (64)(64)
Treasury stock activity   (10) (10)
Balance as of March 31, 2022$1 $1,995 $3,982 $(2,169)$(987)$2,822 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


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HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. ("HII" or the "Company") is one ofan all-domain defense and technologies partner, recognized worldwide as America’s largest military shipbuilding companies and a provider of professional services to partners in government and industry.shipbuilder. HII is organized into 3 reportable segments: Ingalls Shipbuilding ("Ingalls"), Newport News Shipbuilding ("Newport News"), and Mission Technologies (formerly named Technical Solutions.Solutions). For more than a century, the Company's Ingalls segment in Mississippi and Newport News segment in Virginia have built more ships in more ship classes than any other U.S. naval shipbuilder. The Technical SolutionsMission Technologies segment provides a range of servicesdelivers high-value engineering and technology solutions to enable multi-domain distributed operations in the government and commercial customers.services marketplace.

HII conducts most of its business with the U.S. Government, primarily the Department of Defense ("DoD"). As prime contractor, principal subcontractor, team member, or partner, the Company participates in many high-priority U.S. defense programs. Through its Ingalls segment, HII is a builder of amphibious assault and expeditionary warfare ships for the U.S. Navy, the sole builder of National Security Cutters for the U.S. Coast Guard, and one of only two companies that builds the Navy's current fleet of Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyers. Through its Newport News segment, HII is the nation's sole designer, builder, and refueler of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, and one of only two companies currently designing and building nuclear-powered submarines for the U.S. Navy. The Technical SolutionsMission Technologies segment provides a wide range of professional services and products, including C5ISR systems and operations; the application of Artificial Intelligence and machine learning to battlefield decisions; defense and federal solutions ("DFS"),offensive cyberspace strategies and electronic warfare; unmanned autonomous systems; live, virtual, and constructive solutions; platform modernization; and critical nuclear and environmental services, and unmanned systems.operations.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Principles of Consolidation - The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of HII and its subsidiaries have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and the instructions to Form 10-Q promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. For classification of current assets and liabilities related to its long-term production contracts, the Company uses the duration of these contracts as its operating cycle, which is generally longer than one year.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary by management for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows and should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

The quarterly information is labeled using a calendar convention; that is, first quarter is consistently labeled as ending on March 31, second quarter as ending on June 30, and third quarter as ending on September 30. It is management's long-standing practice to establish interim closing dates using a "fiscal" calendar, which requires the businesses to close their books on a Friday near these quarter-end dates in order to normalize the potentially disruptive effects of quarterly closings on business processes. The effects of this practice only exist for interim periods within a reporting year.

Accounting Estimates - The preparation of the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingencies at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates have been prepared on the basis of the most current and best available information, and actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Additionally, the Company has incorporated realized and estimated future effects of the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”), including, among other things, orders of civil authorities associated with COVID-19 and steps taken to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 (collectively, “COVID-19 Events”), with respect to contract costs and revenue recognition, effective income tax rates, and the fair values of the Company’s long-lived assets, financial instruments, intangible assets, and goodwill recorded at our reporting units. While costs related to COVID-19 Events are allowable under U.S. Government contracts, the Company's estimates of the effects of COVID-19 Events reflect uncertainty regarding the Company's ability to recover the full costs related to COVID-19 Events under government relief actions such as the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") and U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD") guidance.
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Government Grants - The Company recognizes incentive grants, inclusive of transfers of depreciable assets, from federal, state, and local governments at fair value upon compliance with the conditions of their receipt and reasonable assurance that the grants will be received or the depreciable assets will be transferred. Grants in recognition of specific expenses are recognized in the same period as an offset to those related expenses. Grants related to depreciable assets are recognized over the periods and in the proportions in which depreciation expense on those assets is recognized.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized cash grant benefits of approximately $1 million in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized cash grant benefits of approximately $5 million in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Except for the Company's long-term debt, the carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments recorded at historical cost approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments and low credit risk associated with the respective counterparties.

The Company maintains multiple grantor trusts to fund certain non-qualified pension plans. These trusts were valued at $191$216 million and $182$220 million as of March 31, 2021,2022, and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively, and are
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presented within miscellaneous other assets within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position. These trusts consist primarily of investments in marketable securities, which are held at fair value within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Loan Receivable - The Company holds a loan receivable in connection with a seller financed transaction involving its previously owned Avondale Shipyard facility. The receivable is carried at amortized costestimated fair values of $34 million, net of $15 million of loan discountthe Company's total long-term debt as of each of March 31, 2021,2022, and December 31, 2020,2021, were $3,184 million and $3,449 million, respectively. The fair values of the Company's long-term debt were calculated based on recent trades of the Company's debt instruments in inactive markets, which approximatesfall within Level 2 under the fair value and is recorded in miscellaneous other assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position. Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective yield method. The discount is accreted into income using the effective yield method over the estimated life of the loan receivable.hierarchy.

Other Current LiabilitiesDebt Prepayment - Other current liabilities were $531 million as ofFor the three months ended March 31, 2021, and $462 million as of December 31, 2020. Payroll taxes payable, which is a component of other current liabilities, was $127 million as of March 31, 2021, and $125 million as of December 31, 2020. No other component of other current liabilities was more than 5% of total current liabilities.

Related Party Transactions - The Company had $84 million outstanding under Industrial Revenue Bonds issued by the Mississippi Business Finance Corporation as of each of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020. Prior to the Company's spinoff from Northrop Grumman Corporation, repayment of principal and interest was guaranteed by Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation. The guaranty remains in effect, and2022, the Company has agreed to indemnify Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation for any lossesprepaid $100 million of long-term debt related to the guaranty pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement with Northrop Grumman Corporation.its Term Loan due August 19, 2024.

3. ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which amends and simplifies the requirements for income taxes. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The adoption did not result in a material impact to the Company's financial results or disclosures.

Accounting pronouncements issued but not effective until after December 31, 2021,2022, are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

4. ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES

AcquisitionsOn August 19, 2021, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Alion Holding Corp., the parent company of Alion Science and Technology Corporation (“Alion”), a technology-driven solutions provider. The Company accounted for the transaction as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805 Business Combinations. The preliminary purchase price was $1.79 billion, including $148 million of cash received in the acquisition. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded $1,024 million of goodwill, which included the value of Alion's workforce, and $720 million of intangible assets related to customer relationships and existing contract backlog. The goodwill is attributable to operational synergies and growth opportunities and was allocated to the Company's Mission Technologies segment. None of the goodwill resulting from this acquisition is expected to be amortizable for tax purposes.

In December 2020,Alion provides advanced engineering and research and development services in the Company acquiredareas of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, military training and simulation, cyber, data analytics, and other next-generation technology based solutions to the autonomy businessDoD and intelligence community customers, with the U.S. Navy representing about one-third of Spatial Integrated Systems, Inc. ("SIS"), a leading provider of autonomous technology, for approximately $40 million in cash. current annual revenues.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The acquisition further expandedfollowing unaudited consolidated pro forma summary has been prepared by adjusting the Company's unmanned systems capabilities. In connectionhistorical data to give effect to the acquisition of Alion as if it had occurred on January 1, 2021.
Three Months Ended
March 31
 
($ in millions, except per share amounts)2022Pro Forma (Unaudited) 2021
Sales and service revenues$2,576 $2,593 
Net earnings$140 $160 
Basic earnings per share$3.50 $3.98 
Diluted earnings per share$3.50 $3.98 

These unaudited pro forma results include adjustments associated with thisthe acquisition, such as the Company preliminarilyamortization of acquired intangible assets and interest expense on debt financing.

The unaudited consolidated pro forma financial information was prepared in accordance with GAAP and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred if the acquisition had been completed on the date indicated, nor is it indicative of the future operating results of the Company.

The unaudited pro forma results do not reflect events that either have occurred or may occur after the acquisition date, including, but not limited to, the anticipated realization of operating synergies in subsequent periods. These
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recorded $40 million of goodwill, which included the value of SIS's workforce, all of which was allocatedresults also do not give effect to the Company's Technical Solutions segment. For the three months ended March 31, 2021,certain charges that the Company recorded a decrease in goodwill of $13 million, dueexpects to a reallocation to intangible assets related to technology and existing contract backlog. The Company has not completed the purchase price allocation, because the fair value calculations for certain assets and liabilities have not been finalized. See Note 10: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. The assets, liabilities, and results of operations of SIS are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In March 2020, the Company acquired Hydroid, Inc. ("Hydroid"), a leading provider of advanced marine robotics to the defense and maritime markets, for approximately $377 million in cash, net of $2 million of acquired cash. The acquisition expanded the Company's capabilities in the strategically important and rapidly growing autonomous and unmanned maritime systems market. In connection with this acquisition, the Company recorded $239 million of goodwill, which included the value of Hydroid's workforce, and $76 million of intangible assets related to technology and existing contract backlog. See Note 10: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. The assets, liabilities, and results of operations of Hydroid are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The Company funded each of these acquisitions using cash on hand, issuances of commercial paper, or borrowings on its revolving credit facility. The acquisition costs incurredincur in connection with these acquisitions werethe acquisition, including, but not material. The operating results of these businesses have been included in the Company’s consolidated results as of the respective closing dates of the acquisitions. In allocating the purchase prices of these businesses, the Company considered the estimated fair value of net tangiblelimited to, additional professional fees and intangible assets acquired, with any excess purchase price recorded as goodwill. The total amount of goodwill resulting from these acquisitions is expected to be amortizable for tax purposes. These acquisitions are not material either individually or in the aggregate, and pro forma revenues and results of operations have therefore not been provided.

Divestitures

On February 1, 2021, the Company divested its San Diego Shipyard (“SDSY”) business in exchange for a non-controlling interest in Titan Acquisition Holdings, L.P. ("Titan"). Titan is a leading provider of ship repair and specialty fabrication services to government and commercial customers. The divestiture was completed as part of the Company’s operating strategy. The Company recognized its interest in Titan at fair value, which approximates $83 million. No gain or loss was recognized in the transaction. The assets and liabilities divested were previously reported in assets and liabilities held for sale. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company transferred $12 million to Titan as part of the exchange.

On February 1, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its oil and gas business. The divestiture was completed as part of the Company’s plan to exit this part of the oil and gas industry and focus on its core services and customers. In connection with the sale, the Company received $25 million net cash and recorded a net pre-tax gain of $3 million in other income and gains within operating income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The assets and liabilities divested were previously reported in assets and liabilities held for sale.employee integration.

5. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Treasury Stock - In November 2019, the Company's board of directors authorized an increase in the Company's stock repurchase program from $2.2 billion to $3.2 billion and an extension of the term of the program to October 31, 2024. Repurchases are made from time to time at management's discretion in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 50,549 shares at an aggregate cost of $10 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company repurchased 291,581 shares at an aggregate cost of $50 million, of which approximately $1 million was not yet settled for cash as of March 31, 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company repurchased 390,904 shares at an aggregate cost of $84 million. The cost of purchased shares is recorded as treasury stock in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position.

Dividends - The Company declared cash dividends per share of $1.14$1.18 and $1.03$1.14 for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. The Company paid cash dividends totaling $46$47 million and $42$46 million for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to gains and losses recorded as an element of stockholders' equity but excluded from net earnings. The accumulated other comprehensive loss as of March 31, 2021,2022, was comprised of unamortized benefit plan costs of $1,524 million and other comprehensive income items of $1$987 million. The accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2020,2021, was comprised of unamortized benefit plan costs of $1,546 million and other comprehensive loss items of $1$923 million.

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, were as follows:

($ in millions)($ in millions)Benefit PlansOtherTotal($ in millions)Benefit PlansOtherTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2019$(1,407)$(2)$(1,409)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications— (2)(2)
Balance as of December 31, 2020Balance as of December 31, 2020$(1,546)$(1)$(1,547)
Other comprehensive income before reclassificationsOther comprehensive income before reclassifications— 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive lossAmounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive lossAmounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
Amortization of prior service credit1
Amortization of prior service credit1
(2)— (2)
Amortization of prior service credit1
— 
Amortization of net actuarial loss1
Amortization of net actuarial loss1
25 — 25 
Amortization of net actuarial loss1
26 — 26 
Tax expense for items of other comprehensive incomeTax expense for items of other comprehensive income(6)— (6)Tax expense for items of other comprehensive income(7)— (7)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)17 (2)15 
Balance as of March 31, 2020$(1,390)$(4)$(1,394)
Net current period other comprehensive incomeNet current period other comprehensive income22 24 
Balance as of March 31, 2021Balance as of March 31, 2021$(1,524)$$(1,523)
Balance as of December 31, 2020$(1,546)$(1)$(1,547)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 2 2 
Balance as of December 31, 2021Balance as of December 31, 2021$(923)$— $(923)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassificationsOther comprehensive loss before reclassifications(97) (97)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive lossAmounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive lossAmounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
Amortization of prior service cost1
Amortization of prior service cost1
3  3 
Amortization of prior service cost1
3  3 
Amortization of net actuarial loss1
Amortization of net actuarial loss1
26  26 
Amortization of net actuarial loss1
8  8 
Tax expense for items of other comprehensive income(7) (7)
Net current period other comprehensive income22 2 24 
Balance as of March 31, 2021$(1,524)$1 $(1,523)
Tax benefit for items of other comprehensive (loss) incomeTax benefit for items of other comprehensive (loss) income22  22 
Net current period other comprehensive lossNet current period other comprehensive loss(64) (64)
Balance as of March 31, 2022Balance as of March 31, 2022$(987)$ $(987)
1 These accumulated comprehensive loss components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. See Note 15:14: Employee Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits. The tax benefit associated with amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, was $7$3 million and $6$7 million, respectively.

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6. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic and diluted earnings per common share were calculated as follows:
 Three Months Ended
March 31
(in millions, except per share amounts)20212020
Net earnings$148 $172 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding40.2 40.7 
Net dilutive effect of stock awards — 
Dilutive weighted-average common shares outstanding40.2 40.7 
Earnings per share - basic$3.68 $4.23 
Earnings per share - diluted$3.68 $4.23 
 Three Months Ended
March 31
(in millions, except per share amounts)20222021
Net earnings$140 $148 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding40.0 40.2 
Net dilutive effect of stock awards — 
Dilutive weighted-average common shares outstanding40.0 40.2 
Earnings per share - basic$3.50 $3.68 
Earnings per share - diluted$3.50 $3.68 

Under the treasury stock method, the Company has excluded from the diluted share amounts presented above the effects of 0.4 million and 0.3 million Restricted Performance Stock Rights ("RPSRs") for each of the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020, respectively.2021.

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7. REVENUE

The following is a descriptionDisaggregation of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenues. For more detailed information regarding reportable segments, see Note 8: Segment Information.

U.S. Government ContractsRevenue

The Ingalls and Newport News segments generate revenue primarily from performance under multi-yearCompany's contracts with the U.S. Government, generally the U.S. Navycustomers typically fall into one of four categories: firm fixed-price, fixed-price incentive, cost-type, and U.S. Coast Guard, or prime contractors to contracts with the U.S. Government, relating to the advance planning, design, construction, repair, maintenance, refueling, overhaul, or inactivation of nuclear-powered shipstime and non-nuclear ships. The period over which the Company performs may extend past five years. The Technical Solutions segment also generates the majority of its revenue from contracts with the U.S. Government, including U.S. Government agencies. The Company generally invoices and receives related payments based upon performance progress no less frequently than monthly.materials.

ShipbuildingFirm Fixed-Price Contracts - For mostA firm fixed-price contract is a contract in which the specified scope of work is agreed to for a price that is predetermined by bid or negotiation and not generally subject to adjustment regardless of costs incurred by the contractor.

Fixed-Price Incentive Contracts - Fixed-price incentive contracts provide for reimbursement of the Company's shipbuildingcontractor's allowable costs, but are subject to a cost-share limit that affects profitability. Fixed-price incentive contracts effectively become firm fixed-price contracts once the customercost-share limit is reached.

Cost-Type Contracts - Cost-type contracts with the Company to provide a comprehensive service of designing, procuring long-lead-time materials, manufacturing, and integrating complex equipment and technologies into a single ship or project, often resulting in a single performance obligation. Contract modifications to account for changes in specifications and requirements are recognized when approved by the customer. In the majority of circumstances, modifications do not result in additional performance obligations that are distinct from the existing performance obligations in the contract and the effectsreimbursement of the modifications are recognized as an adjustmentcontractor's allowable costs plus a fee that represents profit. Cost-type contracts generally require that the contractor use its reasonable efforts to revenue onaccomplish the scope of the work within some specified time and some stated dollar limitation.

Time and Materials - Time and materials contracts specify a cumulative catch-up basis. Alternatively, in instances where the performance obligations in the modifications are deemed distinct, contract modifications are accountedfixed hourly billing rate for prospectively.each direct labor hour expended and reimbursement for allowable material costs and expenses.

The Company considers incentivemonitors its policies and award feesprocedures with respect to be variable consideration and includes in the transaction price at inception the considerationits contracts on a regular basis to which the Company expects to be entitledensure consistent application under thesimilar terms and conditions, ofas well as compliance with all applicable government regulations. In addition, the contract, generally estimated using a most likely amount approach. Transaction price is limited toDefense Contract Audit Agency ("DCAA") routinely audits the extent of funding allotted by the customer and available for performance, and estimated revenues represent those amounts for whichcosts the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable.

The Company recognizes revenues relatedincurs that are allocated to shipbuilding contracts as it satisfies the related performance obligations over time using a cost-to-cost input method to measure performance progress, which best reflects the transfer of control to the customer.

Services - The Technical Solutions segment generates revenue primarily under U.S. Government contracts from the provision of DFS services. Contracts generally are structured using either an Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity ("IDIQ") vehicle, under which orders are issued, or a standalone contract. Contracts may be fixed-price or cost-type, include variable consideration such as incentives and awards, and structured as task orders under an IDIQ contract vehicle or requirements contract vehicle. In either case, the Company generally performs services over a shorter duration and may continue to perform upon exercise of related period of performance options that are also shorter in duration. The Company’s performance obligations vary in nature and may be stand-ready, in which case the Company responds to the customer’s needs on the basis of its demand, a recurring service, typically recurring maintenance services, or a single performance obligation that does not comprise a series of distinct services.

In determining transaction price, the Company considers incentives and other contingencies to be variable consideration and includes in the initial transaction price the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the contract, generally estimated using a most likely amount approach. Transaction price is limited to the extent of funding allotted by the customer and available for performance, and estimated revenues represent those amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable. Where a series of distinct services has been identified, the Company generally allocates variable consideration to distinct time increments of service.

The Company generally recognizes revenue as it satisfies the related performance obligations over time using a cost-to-cost input method to measure performance progress, because, even where the Company has identified a series of services, its cost incurrence pattern generally is not ratable given the complex nature of the services the Company provides. Invoices are issued and related payments are received, on the basis of performance progress, no less frequently than monthly. In addition, many of the Company's U.S. Government services contracts are time and material arrangements. As a result, the Company often utilizes the practical expedient allowing the recognition
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of revenue in the amount the Company invoices, which corresponds with the value provided to the customer and to which the Company is entitled to payment for performance to date.

Non-U.S. Government Contracts

Revenues generated under commercial and state and local government agency contracts are primarily derived from the provision of nuclear and environmental services. Non-U.S. Government contracts typically are one or two years in duration.

In determining transaction price, the Company considers incentives and other contingencies to be variable consideration and includes in the initial transaction price the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the contract, generally estimated using a most likely amount approach. In the context of variable consideration, the Company limits the transaction price to amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable. Such amounts may relate to transaction price in excess of funding, a lack of history with the customer, a lack of history with the goods or services being provided, or other items.

Revenue generally is recognized over time given the terms and conditions of the related contracts. The Company generally utilizes a cost-to-cost input method to measure performance progress, which best depicts the transfer of control to the customer. The Company’s non-U.S. Government contract portfolio is comprised of a large number of time and material arrangements. As a result, the Company often utilizes the practical expedient allowing the recognition of revenue in the amount the Company invoices, which corresponds with the value provided to the customer and to which the Company is entitled to payment for performance to date.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present revenues on a disaggregated basis, in a manner that reconciles with the Company's reportable segment disclosures, for the following categories: product versus service type, customer type, contract type, and major program. The Company believes that this level of disaggregation provides investors with information to evaluate the Company’s financial performance and provides the Company with information to make capital allocation decisions in the most appropriate manner.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
($ in millions)IngallsNewport NewsTechnical SolutionsIntersegment EliminationsTotal
Revenue Type
Product sales$604 $1,101 $16 $— $1,721 
Service revenues42 304 211 — 557 
Intersegment32 (37)— 
Sales and service revenues$649 $1,407 $259 $(37)$2,278 
Customer Type
Federal$646 $1,405 $206 $— $2,257 
Commercial— — 21 — 21 
Intersegment32 (37)— 
Sales and service revenues$649 $1,407 $259 $(37)$2,278 
Contract Type
Firm fixed-price$11 $$39 $— $58 
Fixed-price incentive595 722 — 1,320 
Cost-type40 675 120 — 835 
Time and materials— — 65 — 65 
Intersegment32 (37)— 
Sales and service revenues$649 $1,407 $259 $(37)$2,278 


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Three Months Ended March 31, 2020Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
($ in millions)($ in millions)IngallsNewport NewsTechnical SolutionsIntersegment EliminationsTotal($ in millions)IngallsNewport NewsMission TechnologiesIntersegment EliminationsTotal
Revenue TypeRevenue TypeRevenue Type
Product salesProduct sales$578 $1,046 $— $— $1,624 Product sales$578 $1,121 $25 $— $1,724 
Service revenuesService revenues50 293 296 — 639 Service revenues50 267 535 — 852 
IntersegmentIntersegment21 (24)— Intersegment30 (35)— 
Sales and service revenuesSales and service revenues$629 $1,341 $317 $(24)$2,263 Sales and service revenues$631 $1,390 $590 $(35)$2,576 
Customer TypeCustomer TypeCustomer Type
FederalFederal$628 $1,339 $228 $— $2,195 Federal$628 $1,388 $547 $— $2,563 
CommercialCommercial— — 68 — 68 Commercial— — 13 — 13 
IntersegmentIntersegment21 (24)— Intersegment30 (35)— 
Sales and service revenuesSales and service revenues$629 $1,341 $317 $(24)$2,263 Sales and service revenues$631 $1,390 $590 $(35)$2,576 
Contract TypeContract TypeContract Type
Firm fixed-priceFirm fixed-price$15 $$59 $— $76 Firm fixed-price$$$64 $— $74 
Fixed-price incentiveFixed-price incentive523 638 — — 1,161 Fixed-price incentive576 703 — — 1,279 
Cost-typeCost-type90 699 133 — 922 Cost-type50 677 425 — 1,152 
Time and materialsTime and materials— — 104 — 104 Time and materials— — 71 — 71 
IntersegmentIntersegment21 (24)— Intersegment30 (35)— 
Sales and service revenuesSales and service revenues$629 $1,341 $317 $(24)$2,263 Sales and service revenues$631 $1,390 $590 $(35)$2,576 

Three Months Ended
March 31
Three Months Ended
March 31
($ in millions)20212020
Major Programs
Amphibious assault ships$357 $347 
Surface combatants and coast guard cutters287 279 
Other
Total Ingalls649 629 
Aircraft carriers758 698 
Submarines457 455 
Other192 188 
Total Newport News1,407 1,341 
Government and energy services245 253 
Oil and gas services14 64 
Total Technical Solutions259 317 
Intersegment eliminations(37)(24)
Sales and service revenues$2,278 $2,263 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
($ in millions)IngallsNewport NewsMission TechnologiesIntersegment EliminationsTotal
Revenue Type
Product sales$604 $1,101 $16 $— $1,721 
Service revenues42 304 211 — 557 
Intersegment32 (37)— 
Sales and service revenues$649 $1,407 $259 $(37)$2,278 
Customer Type
Federal$646 $1,405 $206 $— $2,257 
Commercial— — 21 — 21 
Intersegment32 (37)— 
Sales and service revenues$649 $1,407 $259 $(37)$2,278 
Contract Type
Firm fixed-price$11 $$39 $— $58 
Fixed-price incentive595 722 — 1,320 
Cost-type40 675 120 — 835 
Time and materials— — 65 — 65 
Intersegment32 (37)— 
Sales and service revenues$649 $1,407 $259 $(37)$2,278 


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Three Months Ended
March 31
Three Months Ended
March 31
($ in millions)20222021
Major Programs
Amphibious assault ships$363 $357 
Surface combatants and coast guard cutters265 287 
Other
Total Ingalls631 649 
Aircraft carriers742 758 
Submarines470 457 
Other178 192 
Total Newport News1,390 1,407 
Government and energy services590 245 
Oil and gas services— 14 
Total Mission Technologies590 259 
Intersegment eliminations(35)(37)
Sales and service revenues$2,576 $2,278 

As of March 31, 2021,2022, the Company had $48.8$47.9 billion of remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize approximately 30%35% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue through 2022,2023, an additional 30% through 2024,2025, and the balance thereafter.
Cumulative Catch-up Adjustments

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, net cumulative catch-up adjustments increased operating income and increased diluted earnings per share by $45 million and $0.89, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, net cumulative catch-up adjustments increased operating income and increased diluted earnings per share by $50 million and $0.98, respectively. For

Cumulative catch-up adjustments for the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cumulative catch-up adjustments increased operating income and2022, included a favorable adjustment of $17 million on a contract at the Company's Ingalls segment, which increased diluted earnings per share by
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$32 million and $0.62, respectively.

$0.34. Cumulative catch-up adjustments for the three months ended March 31, 2021, included a favorable adjustment of $25 million on a contract at the Company's Ingalls segment, which increased diluted earnings per share by $0.50. No individual adjustment was material to the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Contract Balances

Contract balances include accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities associated with customer contracts. Accounts receivable represent an unconditional right to consideration and include amounts billed and currently due from customers. Contract assets primarily relate to the Company's rights to consideration for work completed but not billed as of the reporting date when the right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. Fixed-price contracts are generally billed to the customer using either progress payments, whereby amounts are billed monthly as costs are incurred or work is completed, or performance based payments, which are based upon the achievement of specific, measurable events or accomplishments defined and valued at contract inception. Cost-type contracts are typically billed to the customer on a monthly or semi-monthly basis. Contract liabilities relate to advance payments, billings in excess of revenues, and deferred revenue amounts.

The Company reports contract balances in a net contract asset or contract liability position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. The Company’s net contract assets increased $124$5 million from December 31, 2020,2021, to March 31, 2021,2022, primarily resulting from an increase in contract assets duerelated to revenue on certain U.S. Navy contracts. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $379 million related to its contract liabilities as of December 31, 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $397 million related to its contract liabilities as of December 31, 2020. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $274 million related to its contract liabilities as of December 31, 2019.

8. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company is organized into 3 reportable segments: Ingalls, Newport News, and Technical Solutions,Mission Technologies, consistent with how management makes operating decisions and assesses performance.

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The following table presents segment results for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020:
 Three Months Ended
March 31
($ in millions)20212020
Sales and Service Revenues
Ingalls$649 $629 
Newport News1,407 1,341 
Technical Solutions259 317 
Intersegment eliminations(37)(24)
Sales and service revenues$2,278 $2,263 
Operating Income
Ingalls$91 $68 
Newport News93 95 
Technical Solutions7 (7)
Segment operating income191 156 
Non-segment factors affecting operating income
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment(40)63 
Non-current state income taxes(4)(4)
Operating income$147 $215 
2021:
 Three Months Ended
March 31
($ in millions)20222021
Sales and Service Revenues
Ingalls$631 $649 
Newport News1,390 1,407 
Mission Technologies590 259 
Intersegment eliminations(35)(37)
Sales and service revenues$2,576 $2,278 
Operating Income
Ingalls$86 $91 
Newport News81 93 
Mission Technologies9 
Segment operating income176 191 
Non-segment factors affecting operating income
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment(37)(40)
Non-current state income taxes(1)(4)
Operating income$138 $147 

Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment - The Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment represents the difference between the service cost component of our pension and other postretirement benefit plan expense determined in accordance with GAAP ("FAS") and our pension and other postretirement expense under CAS.
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The following table presents the Company's assets by segment:
($ in millions)March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Assets
Ingalls$1,666 $1,612 
Newport News4,302 4,124 
Technical Solutions1,349 1,379 
Corporate897 1,042 
Total assets$8,214 $8,157 
($ in millions)March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Assets
Ingalls$1,707 $1,659 
Newport News4,389 4,179 
Mission Technologies3,473 3,553 
Corporate988 1,236 
Total assets$10,557 $10,627 

9. INVENTORIED COSTS, NET
Inventoried costs were comprised of the following:
($ in millions)March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Production costs of contracts in process1
$20 $17 
Raw material inventory122 120 
Total inventoried costs, net$142 $137 
($ in millions)March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Production costs of contracts in process1
$68 $37 
Raw material inventory120 124 
Total inventoried costs, net$188 $161 
1 Includes amounts capitalized pursuant to applicable provisions of the FAR and CAS.


10. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

HII performs impairment tests for goodwill as of November 30 of each year and between annual impairment tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair values of the Company's reporting units below their carrying values.

Accumulated goodwill impairment losses as of each of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, were $2,906 million. The accumulated goodwill impairment losses for Ingalls as of each of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, were $1,568 million. The accumulated goodwill impairment losses for Newport News as of each of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, were $1,187 million. The accumulated goodwill impairment losses for Technical Solutions as of each of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, were $151 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the carrying amounts of goodwill changed as follows:
($ in millions)IngallsNewport NewsTechnical SolutionsTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2020$175 $721 $721 $1,617 
Adjustments— — (13)(13)
Balance as of March 31, 2021$175 $721 $708 $1,604 

As of March 31, 2021, the Company recorded goodwill adjustments of $13 million relating to the acquisition of SIS, primarily related to allocations to intangible assets.

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Other Intangible Assets

The Company's purchased intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis or a method based on the pattern of benefits over their estimated useful lives. Net intangible assets consist primarily of amounts relating to customer relationships and existing contract backlog within Mission Technologies, as well as nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and submarine program intangible assets, with an aggregate weighted-average useful life of 4029 years based on the long life cycle of the related programs. Aggregate amortization expense was $13$35 million and $11$13 million for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.

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In connection with the SISAlion purchase in 2020,2021, the Company recorded $13$720 million of intangible assets pertaining to technologycustomer relationships and existing contract backlog, which is being amortized using the pattern of benefits method over a weighted-average life of ten15 years.

In connection with the Hydroid purchase in 2020, the Company recorded $76 million of intangible assets pertaining to existing contract backlog, customer relationships, and technology, which is being amortized using the pattern of benefits method over a weighted-average life of nine years.

The Company expects amortization expense for purchased intangible assets of approximately $52 million in 2021, $46 million in 2022, $37 million in 2023, $28 million in 2024, and $28 million in 2025.

11. INCOME TAXES

The Company's earnings are primarily domestic, and its effective income tax rates on earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, were 20.5% and 2020, were 14.5% and 20.4%, respectively. The lowerhigher effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, was primarily attributable to thea tax loss associated with the sale of the Company’s oil and gas business resultingrecorded in a reduction in2021.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company’s effective tax rate did not differ materially from the federal statutory corporate income tax rate of 5.5%21%.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company’s effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory tax rate primarily as a result of the tax loss associated with the sale of its oil and gas business. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company's effective tax rate did not differ materially from the federal statutory corporate income tax rate of 21%.

The Company's unrecognized tax benefits increased by $3$2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021.2022. As of March 31, 2021,2022, the estimated amounts of the Company's unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, were liabilities of $50$83 million. Assuming a sustainment of these tax positions, the reversal of $36$64 million of the accrued amounts would favorably affect the Company's effective federal income tax rate in future periods.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, interest resulting from the unrecognized tax benefits noted above increased income tax expense less thanby $1 million.
Non-current state income taxes include deferred state income taxes, which reflect the change in deferred state tax assets and liabilities, and the tax expense or benefit associated with changes in unrecognized state tax benefits in the relevant period. These amounts are recorded within operating income. Current period state income tax expense is charged to contract costs and included in cost of sales and service revenues in segment operating income.

12. DEBT

Long-term debt consisted of the following:
($ in millions)March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Senior notes due December 1, 2027, 3.483%$600 $600 
Senior notes due May 1, 2025, 3.844%500 500 
Senior notes due May 1, 2030, 4.200%500 500 
Mississippi economic development revenue bonds due May 1, 2024, 7.81%84 84 
Gulf opportunity zone industrial development revenue bonds due December 1, 2028, 4.55%21 21 
Less unamortized debt issuance costs(17)(19)
Total long-term debt$1,688 $1,686 
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Credit Facility - The Company's credit facility (the "Credit Facility") includes a revolving credit facility of $1,250 million, which may be drawn upon during a period of five years from November 22, 2017. The revolving credit facility includes a letter of credit subfacility of $500 million. 

The Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, as well as a financial covenant based on a maximum total leverage ratio. Each of the Company's existing and future material wholly owned domestic subsidiaries, except those that are specifically designated as unrestricted subsidiaries, are and will be guarantors under the Credit Facility. See Note 17: Subsidiary Guarantors.

As of March 31, 2021, the Company had $15 million in issued but undrawn letters of credit and $1,235 million unutilized under the Credit Facility. The Company had unamortized debt issuance costs associated with its credit facilities of $3 million and $5 million as of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The terms of the Company’s senior notes limit the Company’s ability and the ability of certain of its subsidiaries to create liens, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, sell assets, and effect consolidations or mergers. The Company had unamortized debt issuance costs associated with its senior notes of $14 million as of each of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020.

Under the Company's unsecured commercial paper program, the Company may issue up to $1 billion of unsecured commercial paper notes.

The Company's debt arrangements contain customary affirmative and negative covenants. The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

The estimated fair values of the Company's total long-term debt as of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, were $1,874 million and $1,943 million, respectively. The fair values of the Company's long-term debt were calculated based on recent trades of the Company's debt instruments in inactive markets, which fall within Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy.

As of March 31, 2021, the aggregate amounts of principal payments due on long-term debt within the next five years consisted of $84 million due in 2024 and $500 million due in 2025.

13. INVESTIGATIONS, CLAIMS, AND LITIGATION

The Company is involved in legal proceedings before various courts and administrative agencies, and is periodically subject to government examinations, inquiries and investigations. Pursuant to FASB Accounting Standards CodificationASC 450 Contingencies, the Company has accrued for losses associated with investigations, claims, and litigation when, and to the extent that, loss amounts related to the investigations, claims, and litigation are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The actual losses that might be incurred to resolve such investigations, claims, and litigation may be higher or lower than the amounts accrued. For matters where a material loss is probable or reasonably possible and the amount of loss cannot be reasonably estimated, but the Company is able to reasonably estimate a range of possible losses, the Company will disclose such estimated range in these notes. This estimated range is based on information currently available to the Company and involves elements of judgment and significant uncertainties. Any estimated range of possible loss does not represent the Company's maximum possible loss exposure. For matters as to which the Company is not able to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of loss, the Company will indicate the reasons why it is unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss. For matters not specifically described in these notes, the Company does not believe, based on information currently available to it, that it is reasonably possible that the liabilities, if any, arising from such investigations, claims, and litigation will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company has, in certain cases, provided disclosure regarding certain matters for which the Company believes at this time that the likelihood of material loss is remote.

False Claims Act Complaint - In 2016, the Company was made aware that it is a defendant in a qui tam False Claims Act lawsuit pending in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida related to the Company’s purchases of allegedly non-conforming parts from a supplier for use in connection with U.S. Government contracts. In August 2019, the Department of Justice (“DoJ”) declined to intervene in the lawsuit, and the lawsuit was unsealed. The court dismissed the complaint butin September 2021, and the plaintiff was permittedhas appealed the dismissal to refile the compliant and did so. The case is at an early stage, andUnited States Court of Appeals for the Company has filed a motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint. As a11th Circuit.
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result, the Company is unable to estimate an amount or range of reasonably possible loss or to express an opinion regarding the ultimate outcome of the matter.

Insurance Claims - In September 2020, the Company filed a complaint in the Superior Court, State of Vermont, Franklin Unit, seeking a judgment declaring that the Company's business interruption and other losses associated with COVID-19 are covered by the Company's property insurance program. A total of 32 reinsurers are named as
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defendants in the complaint. The Company also has initiated arbitration proceedings against 6 other reinsurers seeking similar relief. Prior to filing the complaint and initiating the arbitration proceedings, the Company provided a notice of loss to the reinsurers, but, to date, none of the reinsurers have acknowledged coverage. The full extent of the Company's losses resulting from COVID-19 have not yet been determined, anddetermined. In July 2021, the processVermont court granted the reinsurers’ motion for judgment on the pleadings, finding that, because the Company continued to operate through the pandemic, the Company’s reduction of calculating losses is continuing.business not accompanied by a complete loss of use fell short of the required “direct physical loss or damage to property.” The Company has appealed the decision to the Vermont Supreme Court. Although the Company still believes its position is well-founded, no assurances can be provided regarding the ultimate resolution of this matter.
In September 2021, the Company filed a complaint in the Superior Court of Delaware, seeking a judgment against certain insurers for breach of contract and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing under three representations and warranties insurance policies purchased in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Hydroid. The policies insure the Company against losses relating to the seller’s breach of certain representations and warranties in the Hydroid acquisition agreement. The coverage limit under the insurance policies is $70 million, and the Company believes it has incurred losses equal to at least that amount as a result of breaches of the acquisition agreement. No assurances can be provided regarding the ultimate resolution of this matter.

U.S. Government Investigations and Claims - Departments and agencies of the U.S. Government have the authority to investigate various transactions and operations of the Company, and the results of such investigations may lead to administrative, civil, or criminal proceedings, the ultimate outcome of which could be fines, penalties, repayments or compensatory, treble, or other damages. U.S. Government regulations provide that certain findings against a contractor may also lead to suspension or debarment from future U.S. Government contracts or the loss of export privileges. Any suspension or debarment would have a material effect on the Company because of its reliance on government contracts.

Asbestos Related Claims - HII and its predecessors-in-interest are defendants in a longstanding series of cases that have been and continue to be filed in various jurisdictions around the country, wherein former and current employees and various third parties allege exposure to asbestos containing materials while on or associated with HII premises or while working on vessels constructed or repaired by HII. The cases allege various injuries, including those associated with pleural plaque disease, asbestosis, cancer, mesothelioma, and other alleged asbestos related conditions. In some cases, several of HII's former executive officers are also named as defendants. In some instances, partial or full insurance coverage is available to the Company for its liability and that of its former executive officers. The costs to resolve cases during the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, were immaterial individually and in the aggregate. The Company’s estimate of asbestos-related liabilities is subject to uncertainty because liabilities are influenced by numerous variables that are inherently difficult to predict. Key variables include the number and type of new claims, the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, reforms made by state and federal courts, and the passage of state or federal tort reform legislation. Although the Company believes the ultimate resolution of current cases will not have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, it cannot predict what new or revised claims or litigation might be asserted or what information might come to light and can, therefore, give no assurances regarding the ultimate outcome of asbestos related litigation.

Other Litigation - In March 2019, a new dry dock being transported for delivery to Ingalls by a heavy lift ship struck an Ingalls work barge, which in turn was pushed into Delbert D. Black (DDG 119) causing damage to Delbert D. Black (DDG 119), the work barge, and the new dry dock. At the time of the incident, responsibility for the new dry dock remained with the builder and the transport company. Repair work on Delbert D. Black (DDG 119) was completed at U.S. Navy direction. The Company is working with the U.S. Navy to ascertain whether third parties will pay for the repairs to Delbert D. Black (DDG 119) or whether the repairs will be paid under the builder's risk insurance included in the Delbert D. Black (DDG 119) contract. Claims were tendered to the Company's insurers, and the Company has received all outstanding claim proceeds. In April 2019, the Company filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi seeking, among other relief, damages from negligent third parties. Based on information currently available, management believes it will collect sufficient funds from one or more third parties to compensate for the resulting direct and consequential damages, but failure to collect sufficient funds or the length of time required to collect such funds could result in a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The Company and its predecessor-in-interest have been in litigation with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (the "Republic") since 2002 over a contract for the repair, refurbishment, and modernization at Ingalls of 2 foreign-built frigates. In March 2014, the Company filed an arbitral statement of claim asserting breaches of the contract. The Republic denied the Company’s allegations and asserted counterclaims. In February 2018, the arbitral tribunal awarded the Company approximately $151 million on its claims and awarded the Republic approximately $22 million on its counterclaims. The Company is seeking to enforce and execute upon the award in multiple jurisdictions. No assurances can be provided regarding the ultimate resolution of this matter.
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The Company is party to various other claims, legal proceedings, and investigations that arise in the ordinary course of business, including U.S. Government investigations that could result in administrative, civil, or criminal proceedings involving the Company. The Company is a contractor with the U.S. Government, and such proceedings can therefore include False Claims Act allegations against the Company. Although the Company believes that the resolution of these other claims, legal proceedings, and investigations will not have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, the Company cannot predict what new or revised claims or litigation might be asserted or what information might come to light and can, therefore, give no assurances regarding the ultimate outcome of these matters.
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14.13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Contract Performance Contingencies - Contract profit margins may include estimates of revenues for matters on which the customer and the Company have not reached agreement, such as settlements in the process of negotiation, contract changes, claims, and requests for equitable adjustment for unanticipated contract costs. These estimates are based upon management's best assessment of the underlying causal events and circumstances and recognized to the extent of expected recovery based upon contractual entitlements and the probability of successful negotiation with the customer. As of March 31, 2021,2022, amounts recognized in connection with claims and requests for equitable adjustment were not material individually or in the aggregate.

Guarantees of Performance Obligations - From time to time in the ordinary course of business, HII enters into joint ventures, teaming agreements, and other business arrangements in connection with the Company's products and services or to pursue strategic objectives. The Company attempts to limit its exposure under these arrangements to its investment or the extent of obligations under the applicable contract. In some cases, however, HII may be required to guarantee performance of the arrangement's obligations and, in such cases, generally obtains cross-indemnification from the other members of the arrangement.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may guarantee obligations of its subsidiaries under certain contracts. Generally, the Company is liable under such guarantees only if its subsidiary is unable to perform its obligations. Historically, the Company has not incurred any substantial liabilities resulting from these guarantees. As of March 31, 2021,2022, the Company was not aware of any existing event of default that would require it to satisfy any of these guarantees.

Environmental Matters - The estimated cost to complete environmental remediation has been accrued when it is probable that the Company will incur such costs in the future to address environmental conditions at currently or formerly owned or leased operating facilities, or at sites where it has been named a Potentially Responsible Party ("PRP") by the Environmental Protection Agency or similarly designated by another environmental agency, and the related costs can be estimated by management. These accruals do not include any litigation costs related to environmental matters, nor do they include amounts recorded as asset retirement obligations. To assess the potential impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, management estimates the range of reasonably possible remediation costs that could be incurred by the Company, taking into account currently available facts on each site, as well as the current state of technology and prior experience remediating contaminated sites. These estimates are reviewed periodically and adjusted to reflect changes in facts and technical and legal circumstances. Management estimates that as of March 31, 2021,2022, the probable estimable future cost for environmental remediation was immaterial. Factors that could result in changes to the Company's estimates include: modification of planned remedial actions, increases or decreases in the estimated time required to remediate, changes to the determination of legally responsible parties, discovery of more extensive contamination than anticipated, changes in laws and regulations affecting remediation requirements, and improvements in remediation technology. Should other PRPs not pay their allocable share of remediation costs, the Company may incur costs exceeding those already estimated and accrued. In addition, there are certain potential remediation sites where the costs of remediation cannot be reasonably estimated. Although management cannot predict whether new information gained as remediation progresses or the Company incurs additional remediation obligations will materially affect the estimated liability accrued, management does not believe that future remediation expenditures will have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Financial Arrangements - In the ordinary course of business, HII uses letters of credit issued by commercial banks to support certain leases, insurance policies, and contractual performance obligations, as well as surety bonds issued by insurance companies principally to support the Company's self-insured workers' compensation plans. As
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of March 31, 2021,2022, the Company had $15 million in issued but undrawn letters of credit as indicated in Note 12: Debt, and $272$276 million of surety bonds outstanding.

U.S. Government Claims - From time to time, the U.S. Government communicates to the Company potential claims, disallowed costs, and penalties concerning prior costs incurred by the Company with which the U.S. Government disagrees. When such preliminary findings are presented, the Company and U.S. Government representatives engage in discussions, from which the Company evaluates the merits of the claims and assesses the amounts being questioned. Although the Company believes that the resolution of any of these matters will not have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, it cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these matters.
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Other Matters - In 1985, the Company and the U.S. Navy entered into a settlement agreement to resolve disputes associated with billing and allocating to contracts the cost of workers’ compensation self-insurance, among other matters. In 2016, the Defense Contract Audit Agency ("DCAA")DCAA opined that the 1985 settlement agreement did not comply with certain CAS standards and referred the matter to a U.S. Navy’sNavy Contracting Officer. In December 2020, the Contracting Officer issued a determination that the 1985 settlement agreement did not comply with CAS and directed the Company to develop and implement a different process to bill and allocate the cost of workers’ compensation self-insurance. Cumulatively, underUnder the 1985 settlement agreement, the Company has not recognized as allowable cumulative billable costs of approximately $120 million due toresulting from the difference between CAS and U.S. GAAP Financial Accounting Standards ("FAS") treatment of workers’ compensation cost. Under the 1985 settlement agreement, these costs would be recognized as allowable billable costs in future periods. Though the Company believes the 1985 settlement agreement is CAS-compliant and cannot be unilaterally terminated, the Company will seek to negotiate a resolution of the matter with the Contracting Officer. If a resolution results in the use of a different treatment or billing methodology that does not provide for the Company to recognize as allowable the CAS to FAS difference, the resolution could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, including an inability to recover any or all of the $120 million of costs not yet billed to the customer.

In January 2022, the Navy Contracting Officer issued a written determination that the Ingalls Shipbuilding Material Management and Accounting System had three significant deficiencies, resulting in a 5% withhold of payments on certain invoices issued under one contract. Ingalls Shipbuilding subsequently submitted a corrective action plan, which was approved in February 2022, and the withhold was reduced to 2%. The withhold will terminate and withheld funds returned to the Company when the Contracting Officer determines that the significant deficiencies have been corrected. Although the Company believes the ultimate resolution of this matter will not have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, it cannot predict or give assurances regarding the ultimate outcome of this matter.

Collective Bargaining Agreements- Of the Company's approximately 42,00044,000 employees, approximately 50%45% are covered by a total of 9collective bargaining agreements and one1 site stabilization agreement. Newport News has 3 collective bargaining agreements covering represented employees, including 1 with United Steelworkers Local 8888 (Newport News) (the “USWs”), which expire in November 2021, December 2022, and April 2024. The collective bargaining agreement that expires in November 2021 covers approximately 50% of Newport News employees. Newport News craft workers employed at the Kesselring Site near Saratoga Springs, New York are represented under an indefinite Department of Energy ("DoE") site agreement. Ingalls has 5 collective bargaining agreements covering represented employees, all of which expire in March 2022. Approximately 25 Technical Solutions employees in Klamath Falls, Oregon are covered by aThe collective bargaining agreement that expireswith the USWs expired in June 2021.November 2021, and the Company reached a tentative agreement with representatives of the USWs in February 2022. The members of the USWs bargaining unit ratified the contract in March 2022. The Company believes its relationship with its employees is satisfactory.
Collective bargaining agreements generally expire after three to five years and are subject to renegotiation at that time. The Company does not expect the results of these negotiations, either individually or in the aggregate, to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations.

Purchase Obligations - Periodically the Company enters into agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on the Company and specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. These obligations are primarily comprised of open purchase order commitments to vendors and subcontractors pertaining to funded contracts.

15.14. EMPLOYEE PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS

The Company provides eligible employees defined benefit pension plans, other postretirement benefit plans, and defined contribution pension plans.

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The costs of the Company's defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, were as follows:
 Three Months Ended
March 31
Pension BenefitsOther Benefits
($ in millions)2021202020212020
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
Service cost$50 $45 $3 $
Interest cost60 64 3 
Expected return on plan assets(138)(121) — 
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)4 (1)(5)
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)27 27 (1)(2)
Net periodic benefit cost$3 $18 $4 $(1)
 Three Months Ended
March 31
Pension BenefitsOther Benefits
($ in millions)2022202120222021
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
Service cost$45 $50 $2 $
Interest cost64 60 4 
Expected return on plan assets(150)(138) — 
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)4 (1)(1)
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)9 27 (1)(1)
Net periodic benefit (income) cost$(28)$$4 $

The Company made the following contributions to its defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020:
 Three Months Ended
March 31
($ in millions)20212020
Pension plans
Discretionary
Qualified$60 $20 
Non-qualified2 
Other benefit plans10 
Total contributions$72 $30 
2021:
 Three Months Ended
March 31
($ in millions)20222021
Pension plans
Discretionary
Qualified$ $60 
Non-qualified3 
Other benefit plans7 10 
Total contributions$10 $72 

As of March 31, 2021,2022, the Company anticipates no further significant cash contributions to its qualified defined benefit pension plans in 2021.2022.

In March 2022, the Company concluded negotiations on one of its collective bargaining agreements, which required an amendment to one of the Company's pension plans. As a result of the amendment, the remeasurement of the plan increased the pension liability and pre-tax accumulated other comprehensive loss by approximately $97 million.

16.15. STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS

During the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the Company issued new stock awards as follows:

Restricted Performance Stock Rights - For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company granted approximately 0.1 million RPSRs at a weighted average share price of $204.10. These rights are subject to cliff vesting on December 31, 2024. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company granted approximately 0.2 million RPSRs at a weighted average share price of $178.41. These rights are subject to cliff vesting on December 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company granted approximately 0.1 million RPSRs at a weighted average share price of $229.42. These rights are subject to cliff vesting on December 31, 2022. All of the RPSRs are subject to the achievement of performance-based targets at the end of the respective vesting periods and will ultimately vest between 0% and 200% of grant date value.

For each of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, awards of approximately 0.2 million and 2020, approximately 0.1 million shares of stock awards vested, respectively, of which less than 0.1 million each yearperiod were transferred to the Company from employees in satisfaction of minimum tax withholding obligations.

The following table summarizes the status of the Company's outstanding stock awards as of March 31, 2021:
Stock Awards
(in thousands)
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair
Value
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
(in years)
Total stock awards459 $190.95 1.6

2022:
Stock Awards
(in thousands)
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair
Value
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
(in years)
Total stock awards513 $189.65 1.6
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Compensation Expense

The Company recorded stock-based compensation for the value of awards granted to Company employees and non-employee members of the board of directors of $9 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020, of $9 million and $7 million, respectively.2021.
The Company recorded tax benefits related to stock awards of $2$1 million and $1$2 million for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. The Company recognized tax benefits associated with the issuance of stock in settlement of stock awards of $4 million and $2 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020.respectively.

Unrecognized Compensation Expense

As of March 31, 2021,2022, the Company had less than $1$4 million of unrecognized compensation expense associated with Restricted Stock Rights granted in 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and 2018,2020, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.11.4 years, and $50 million of unrecognized compensation expense associated with RPSRs granted in 2022, 2021, 2020, and 2019,2020, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.

17. SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS

As described in Note 12: Debt, the Company issued senior notes through the consolidating parent company, HII.  Performance of the Company's obligations under its senior notes outstanding as of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, including any repurchase obligations resulting from a change of control, is fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis, by each of HII's existing and future material domestic subsidiaries ("Subsidiary Guarantors"). The Subsidiary Guarantors are 100% owned by HII. Under SEC Regulation S-X Rule 3-10, each HII subsidiary that did not provide a guarantee ("Non-Guarantors") is minor and HII, as the parent company issuer, did not have independent assets or operations. There are no significant restrictions on the ability of the parent company and the Subsidiary Guarantors to obtain funds from their respective subsidiaries by dividend or loan, except those imposed by applicable law.


Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

OVERVIEW

Our Business

Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. ("HII", "we", "us", or "our") is America’s largest military shipbuilding company and a provider of professional services to partners in government and industry. For more than a century, our Ingalls segment in Mississippi and Newport News segment in Virginia have built more ships in more ship classes than any other U.S. naval shipbuilder. Our Mission Technologies (formerly named Technical SolutionsSolutions) segment provides a range of services to government and commercial customers. Headquartered in Newport News, Virginia, HII employs approximately 42,00044,000 people both domestically and internationally.
We conduct most of our business with the U.S. Government, primarily the DoD.Department of Defense ("DoD"). As prime contractor, principal subcontractor, team member, or partner, we participate in many high-priority U.S. defense programs. Ingalls includes our non-nuclear ship design, construction, repair, and maintenance businesses. Newport News includes all of our nuclear ship design, construction, overhaul, refueling, and repair and maintenance businesses. Our Technical SolutionsMission Technologies segment provides a wide range of professional services and products, including C5ISR systems and operations; the application of Artificial Intelligence and machine learning to battlefield decisions; defense and federal solutions ("DFS"),offensive cyberspace strategies and electronic warfare; unmanned autonomous systems; live, virtual, and constructive solutions; platform modernization; and critical nuclear and environmental services, and unmanned systems.operations.

The following discussion should be read along with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

Business Environment

COVID-19 Pandemic - The COVID-19 global pandemic has had wide rangingwide-ranging effects on the global health environment and disrupted the global and U.S. economies and financial markets, including impacts to our employees, customers, suppliers, and communities (collectively, “COVID-19 Events”). COVID-19 Events have also
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impacted our operations, and the continuingextent of future impacts are uncertain. The most significant elementsareas of uncertaintyimpact have been the intensity and durationdisruption of the impact on our employees’ ability to work effectively, disruption in our supply chain, disruption of the U.S. Government's and our other customers' abilities to perform their obligations, and impact on pension assets and other investment performance.

We arehave aggressively managingmanaged our response to the uncertainties regarding COVID-19 Events. Our primary focus has been to minimize the risk to our employees by updating leave policies, increasing telecommuting,Events, and making benefits changes to provide employees maximum flexibility. We have also adjusted policies and workspaces to align with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) guidelines and to support social distancing, including increased sanitation efforts, personal protective equipment for employees, and suspension of all non-essential work travel. As a result, we have incurred and expectcosts to continue incurring costs relatedrespond to COVID-19 Events, including costs for paid leave, quarantining employees, vaccinations, and recurring facility cleaning. Our shipyards and other facilities have remained open and productive,
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but we experienced temporary decreases in workforce attendance,continue to experience challenges meeting our hiring requirements, which has impacted our operations due to delay and disruption from the lack of availabilitya shortage of critical skills and out-of-sequence work. As of March 31, 2021, our workforce was operating at normal attendance rates.

Under Section 3610 of the CARES Act, contractors may submit claims for employee paid time off caused by restrictions from COVID-19 Events in circumstances where the employee could not work remotely. Such instances may include paid time off for employees to allow for plant decontamination, idle time due to social distancing restrictions, paid time off to take care of dependents impacted by government ordered school or day care closures, and employee quarantines due to travel restrictions or coming into contact, being diagnosed, or taking care of someone diagnosed with COVID-19. We have taken steps to preserve our rights to pursue such claims for HII and our subcontractors, but we have no assurance that Congress will appropriate sufficient funds to cover the reimbursement of costs contemplated by the CARES Act.

While costs related to COVID-19 Events are allowable under U.S. Government contracts, our contract estimates reflect profit margin impact uncertainty, because such costs may not result in equitable adjustments, particularly on firm fixed pricefixed-price and fixed pricefixed-price incentive contracts, or may not be adequately covered by insurance. Our reinsurersReinsurers under our property insurance have failed to acknowledge coverage for various losses related to COVID-19, and we filed a complaint in state court in Vermont seeking a judgment declaring that our business interruption and other losses associated with COVID-19 are covered by our property insurance program. We also initiated arbitration proceedings against other reinsurers seeking similar relief. The Vermont court dismissed our complaint in response to a motion of the reinsurers for judgment on the pleadings, and we have appealed the decision. Although we continue to believe that our position is well-founded, no assurance can be provided regarding the ultimate resolution of this matter. See Note 13:12: Investigations, Claims, and Litigation.

We have also focused on actively supporting our customers, suppliers, and communities. We have been proactive in engaging with our U.S. Government customers regarding future contract adjustments. While there has been no change in contract terms or substantial degradation in timely payments from customers, we have experienced delays in decisions on certain contract awards. Our suppliers have experienced reductions in employee attendance and hiring challenges, similar to us, which has affected their performance and delayed material deliveries. We are therefore continuing to monitor material availability and affordability. We are unable to predict how our customers and suppliers will allocate resources in the future as they react to the evolving demands of the COVID-19 response. We have accelerated payments to small business suppliers in an effort to minimize supply chain disruption.

We temporarily halted stock repurchases in Q1 2020, but we resumed share repurchases during the first quarter of 2021. We also deferred certain payroll taxes pursuant to the CARES Act, which increased our cash from operations in 2020, but will reduce cash from operations in 2021 and 2022.

U.S. Government Contracts - Long-term uncertainty exists with respect to overall levels of defense spending across the future years' defense plan, and it is likely that U.S. Government discretionary spending levels will continue to be subject to significant pressure.

The fiscal year 20212022 budget cycle ultimately concluded with the passage and enactment of defense authorization andthe Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2022, signed into law March 15, 2022. Final defense appropriations measures. Both pieces of legislation broadly supported shipbuilding programs, including funding and authority for an additional Virginia class submarine, the bundled purchase of LHA 9 (unnamed) with LPD 32 (unnamed) and LPD 33 (unnamed), and long-lead material for an additionaltwo Arleigh Burkeclass (DDG 51) destroyer. The final bills also continued support ofdestroyers and two Virginia class attack submarines. Additionally, the dual purchase ofappropriations measure provided $250 million for Advance Procurement ("AP") funding for LPD 32 (unnamed), additional AP for a third EnterpriseArleigh Burke (CVN 80)class (DDG 51) destroyer in fiscal year 2023, funding for the Columbia class ballistic-missile (SSBN 826) submarine program, USS Gerald R. Ford class (CVN 78) nuclear aircraft carrier programs, and Doris Miller (CVN 81), as well as the Refuelingrefueling and Complex Overhaulcomplex overhaul ("RCOH") of USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74).

The President submitted the fiscal year 2023 budget request on March 28, 2022, and it is now under consideration by Congress. The budget request reflects continued investment in shipbuilding, funding two amphibious ships, LPD 32 (unnamed) and LHA 9 (unnamed), two Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) surface combatants, and two Block V Virginia class submarines equipped with the Virginia Payload Module, and continues funding USS Gerald R. Ford class (CVN 78) nuclear aircraft carrier programs, carrier RCOH programs, and construction of Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarines. Additionally, the budget request includes investment in the submarine industrial base.

Long-term funding for certain programs in which we participate may be reduced, delayed, or canceled. In addition, spending cuts and/or reprioritization of defense investment could adversely affect the viability of our suppliers, subcontractors, and employee base. Our contracts or subcontracts under programs in which we participate may be
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terminated or adjusted by the U.S. Government or the prime contractor as a result of lack of government funding or reductions or delays in government funding. Significant reductions in the number of ships procured by the U.S. Navy or significant delays in funding our ship programs would have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The federal budget environment remains a significant long-term risk. Considerable uncertainty exists regarding how future budget and program decisions will develop and what challenges budget changes will present for the defense industry. We believe continued budget pressures willcould have serious implications for defense discretionary spending, the defense industrial base, including HII, and the customers, employees, suppliers, subcontractors, investors, and communities that rely on companies in the defense industrial base. Although it is difficult to determine specific impacts, we expect that over the longer term, the budget environment may result in fewer contract awards and lower revenues, profits, and cash flows from our U.S. Government contracts. It is likely budget and program decisions made in this environment will have long-term impacts on HII and the entire defense industry.

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Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates, and Judgments

As discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, we consider our policies relating to the following matters to be critical accounting policies:policies and estimates:

Revenue recognition;

Purchase accounting, goodwill, and intangible assets;

Litigation, commitments, and contingencies;

Retirement related benefit plans; and

Workers' compensation.

As of March 31, 2021,2022, there had been no material changes to the foregoing critical accounting policies, estimates, and judgments since December 31, 2020.2021.

We have incorporated realized and estimated future effects of COVID-19 Events, based upon current conditions and our judgment of the future impacts of COVID-19 Events, with respect to contract costs and revenue recognition, effective income tax rates, and the fair values of our long-lived assets, financial instruments, intangible assets, and goodwill recorded at our reporting units. See Note 2: Basis of Presentation.

Contracts

We generate most of our revenues from long-term U.S. Government contracts for design, production, and support activities. Government contracts typically include the following cost elements: direct material, labor, and subcontracting costs, and certain indirect costs, including allowable general and administrative expenses. Unless otherwise specified in a contract, costs billed to contracts with the U.S. Government are treated as allowable and allocable costs under the Federal Acquisition Regulation ("FAR") and the U.S. Cost Accounting Standards ("CAS") regulations. Examples of costs incurred by us that are not allowable under the FAR and CAS regulations include certain legal costs, lobbying costs, charitable donations, interest expense, organizational costs, including certain merger and acquisition costs, and advertising costs.

We monitor our policies and procedures with respect to our contracts on a regular basis to ensure consistent application under similar terms and conditions, as well as compliance with all applicable government regulations. In addition, the Defense Contract Audit Agency routinely audits the costs we incur that are allocated to contracts with the U.S. Government.

Our contracts typically fall into one of four categories: firm fixed-price, fixed-price incentive, cost-type, and time and materials. See Note 7: Revenue.

Firm Fixed-Price Contracts - A firm fixed-price contract is a contract in which the specified scope of work is agreed to for a price that is predetermined by bid or negotiation and not generally subject to adjustment regardless of costs incurred by the contractor.

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Fixed-Price Incentive Contracts - Fixed-price incentive contracts provide for reimbursement of the contractor's allowable costs, but are subject to a cost-share limit that affects profitability. Fixed-price incentive contracts effectively become firm fixed-price contracts once the cost-share limit is reached.

Cost-Type Contracts - Cost-type contracts provide for reimbursement of the contractor's allowable costs plus a fee that represents profit. Cost-type contracts generally require that the contractor use its reasonable efforts to accomplish the scope of the work within some specified time and some stated dollar limitation.

Time and Materials - Time and materials contracts specify a fixed hourly billing rate for each direct labor hour expended and reimbursement for allowable material costs and expenses.

Contract Fees - Negotiated contract fee structures include: fixed fee amounts, cost sharing arrangements to reward or penalize contractors for underunder- or over costover-cost target performance, respectively, positive award fees, and negative penalty arrangements. Profit margins may vary materially depending on the negotiated contract fee arrangements, percentage-of-completion of the contract, the achievement of performance objectives, and the stage of performance at which the right to receive fees, particularly under incentive and award fee contracts, is finally determined.

Award Fees - Certain contracts contain award fees based on performance criteria such as cost, schedule, quality, and technical performance. Award fees are determined and earned based on an evaluation by the customer of our performance against such negotiated criteria. We consider award fees to be variable consideration and generally include these fees in the transaction price using a most likely amount approach. Award fees are limited to the extent of funding allotted by the customer and available for performance and those amounts for which a significant reversal of revenue is not probable.

Program Descriptions

For convenience, a brief description of certain programs discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is included in the "Glossary of Programs" in this section.

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CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS

The following table presents selected financial highlights:
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2021 over 2020
($ in millions)20212020DollarsPercent
Sales and service revenues$2,278 $2,263 $15 %
Cost of product sales and service revenues1,936 1,840 96 %
Income from operating investments, net8 33 %
Other income and gains3 — — %
General and administrative expenses206 214 (8)(4)%
Operating income147 215 (68)(32)%
Other income (expense)
Interest expense(21)(16)(5)(31)%
Non-operating retirement benefit46 30 16 53 %
Other, net1 (13)14 108 %
Federal and foreign income taxes25 44 (19)(43)%
Net earnings$148 $172 $(24)(14)%
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2022 over 2021
($ in millions)20222021DollarsPercent
Sales and service revenues$2,576 $2,278 $298 13 %
Cost of product sales and service revenues2,227 1,936 291 15 %
Income from operating investments, net7 (1)(13)%
Other income and gains (losses), net(1)(4)(133)%
General and administrative expenses217 206 11 %
Operating income138 147 (9)(6)%
Other income (expense)
Interest expense(26)(21)(5)(24)%
Non-operating retirement benefit71 46 25 54 %
Other, net(7)(8)(800)%
Federal and foreign income taxes36 25 11 44 %
Net earnings$140 $148 $(8)(5)%

Operating Performance Assessment and Reporting

We manage and assess the performance of our business based on our performance on individual contracts and programs using the financial measures referred to below, with consideration given to the Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates, and Judgments referred to in this section. Our portfolio of long-term contracts is largely flexibly-priced. Therefore, sales tend to fluctuate in concert with costs across our large portfolio of active contracts, with operating income being a critical measure of operating performance. Under FAR rules that govern our business with
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the U.S. Government, most types of costs are allowable, and we do not focus on individual cost groupings, such as cost of sales or general and administrative expenses, as much as we do on total contract costs, which are a key factor in determining contract operating income. As a result, in evaluating our operating performance, we look primarily at changes in sales and service revenues, as well as operating income, including the effects of significant changes in operating income as a result of changes in contract estimates and the use of the cumulative catch-up method of accounting in accordance with GAAP. This approach is consistent with the long-term life cycle of our contracts, as management assesses the bidding of each contract by focusing on net sales and operating profit and monitors performance in a similar manner through contract completion. Consequently, our discussion of business segment performance focuses on net sales and operating profit, consistent with our approach for managing our business.

Cost of sales for both product sales and service revenues consists of materials, labor, and subcontracting costs, as well as an allocation of indirect costs for overhead. We manage the type and amount of costs at the contract level, which is the basis for estimating our total costs at completion of our contracts. Unusual fluctuations in operating performance driven by changes in a specific cost element across multiple contracts are described in our analysis.

Sales and Service Revenues

Sales and service revenues were comprised as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2021 over 2020
($ in millions)20212020DollarsPercent
Product sales$1,721 $1,624 $97 %
Service revenues557 639 (82)(13)%
Sales and service revenues$2,278 $2,263 $15 %
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2022 over 2021
($ in millions)20222021DollarsPercent
Product sales$1,724 $1,721 $— %
Service revenues852 557 295 53 %
Sales and service revenues$2,576 $2,278 $298 13 %

Product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, increased $97$3 million or 6%, compared withfrom the same period in 2020.2021. Ingalls product sales increaseddecreased $26 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, primarily as a result of
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lower volumes in surface combatants and amphibious assault ships. Newport News product sales increased $20 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily as a result of higher volumes in surface combatantssubmarines and amphibious assault ships, partially offset by lower volume in the Legend class NSC program. Newport Newsaircraft carriers. Mission Technologies product sales increased $55$9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, primarily as a result of higher volumes in aircraft carriers. Technical Solutions product sales increased $16 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, primarily as a result of the acquisition of Hydroid in March 2020unmanned systems and higher volumes in DFS.defense and federal solutions ("DFS").

Service revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021, decreased $822022, increased $295 million, or 13%53%, compared with the same period in 2020.2021. Ingalls service revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022, increased $8 million, primarily as a result of higher volumes in amphibious assault ship services, partially offset by lower volumes in surface combatant services. Newport News service revenues decreased $8$37 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, primarily as a result of lower volumes in surface combatantaircraft carriers and amphibious assault shipnaval nuclear support services. Newport NewsMission Technologies service revenues increased $11$324 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, primarily as a result of higher volumes in aircraft carriers. Technical Solutions service revenues decreased $85 million forDFS services, partially offset by the three months ended March 31, 2021, primarily as a result of the divestituresdivestiture of our oil and gas business in the first quarter of 2021 and San Diego Shipyard, as well as lower volumes in DFS services.Fleet Sustainment.

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Cost of Sales and Service Revenues

Cost of product sales, cost of service revenues, income from operating investments, net, and general and administrative expenses were as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2021 over 2020
($ in millions)20212020DollarsPercent
Cost of product sales$1,454 $1,290 $164 13 %
% of product sales84.5 %79.4 %
Cost of service revenues482 550 (68)(12)%
% of service revenues86.5 %86.1 %
Income from operating investments, net8 33 %
Other income and gains3 — — %
General and administrative expenses206 214 (8)(4)%
% of sales and service revenues9.0 %9.5 %
Cost of sales and service revenues$2,131 $2,048 $83 %
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2022 over 2021
($ in millions)20222021DollarsPercent
Cost of product sales$1,468 $1,454 $14 %
% of product sales85.2 %84.5 %
Cost of service revenues759 482 277 57 %
% of service revenues89.1 %86.5 %
Income from operating investments, net7 (1)(13)%
Other income and gains (losses), net(1)(4)(133)%
General and administrative expenses217 206 11 %
% of sales and service revenues8.4 %9.0 %
Cost of sales and service revenues$2,438 $2,131 $307 14 %

Cost of Product Sales

Cost of product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, increased $164$14 million, or 13%1%, compared with the same period in 2020.2021. Ingalls cost of product sales increased $1decreased $10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, primarily as a result of the higher volumesvolume decreases described above, partially offset by risk retirement on Bougainville (LHA 8).above. Newport News cost of product sales increased $64$20 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, primarily as a result of volume increases described above. Technical SolutionsMission Technologies cost of product sales increased $15$6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, primarily as a result of the2022, driven by volume increases described above. Cost of product sales related to the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment increased $84decreased $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, as described below.

Cost of product sales as a percentage of product sales increased from 79.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, to 84.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.2021, to 85.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to unfavorable change in the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment and lower risk retirement on the RCOH ofVirginia class (SSN 774) submarine program and Bougainville (LHA 8), as well as a contract incentive on USS George Washington Jack H. Lucas(CVN 73), (DDG 125) in the first quarter of 2021, partially offset by higher risk retirement on USS BougainvilleGerald R. Ford (CVN 78) and Fort Lauderdale (LHA 8) and Block IV of(LPD 28) following its delivery, as well as a favorable change in the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program and year-to-year variances in contract mix.Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment.

Cost of Service Revenues

Cost of service revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021, decreased $682022, increased $277 million, or 12%57%, compared with the same period in 2020.2021. Ingalls cost of service revenues decreasedincreased $7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, primarily as a result of higher volumes described above. Newport News cost of service revenues decreased $35 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily as a result of lower volumes described above. Newport NewsMission Technologies cost of service revenues increased $14$306 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, primarily as a result of the volume increaseshigher volumes described above. Technical Solutions cost of service revenues decreased $94 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, primarily as a result of the lower volumes described above and year-to-year variances in contract mix. Cost of service revenues related to the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment increased $19decreased $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, as described below.
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Cost of service revenues as a percentage of service revenues increased from 86.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, to 86.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, to 89.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily driven by an unfavorablelower performance in DFS services and higher amortization of purchased intangible assets, partially offset by year-to-year variances in contract mix and a favorable change in the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment, partially offset by improved performance on DFS services and year-to-year variances in contract mix.Adjustment.

Income (Loss) from Operating Investments, Net

The activities of our operating investments are closely aligned with the operations of the segments holding the investments. We therefore record income related to earnings from equity method investments in our operating income.

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Income from operating investments, net for the three months ended March 31, 2021, increased $2 million from the same period in 2020, primarily due2022, was flat compared to higher equity income from our nuclear and environmental joint ventures.2021.

Other Income and Gains (Losses), Net

ForOther income and gains (losses), net was a net loss of $1 million and a net gain of $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized a $3respectively. The unfavorable change of $4 million was primarily due to the gain on the sale of our oil and gas business.business in the first quarter of 2021.

General and Administrative Expenses

In accordance with industry practice and the regulations that govern the cost accounting requirements for government contracts, most general and administrative expenses are considered allowable and allocable costs on government contracts. These costs are allocated to contracts in progress on a systematic basis, and contract performance factors include this cost component as an element of cost.

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021, decreased $82022, increased $11 million from the same period in 2020,2021, primarily driven by favorable changesdue to higher overhead costs as a result of the acquisition of Alion in the third quarter of 2021 and current state income tax expense, and lower overhead costs.partially offset by favorable changes in non-current state income taxes.

Operating Income

We consider operating income to be an important measure for evaluating our operating performance, and, consistent with industry practice, we define operating income as revenues less the related costcosts of producing the revenues and general and administrative expenses.

We internally manage our operations by reference to "segment operating income," which is defined as operating income before the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment and non-current state income taxes, neither of which affects segment performance. Segment operating income is not a recognized measure under GAAP.  When analyzing our operating performance, investors should use segment operating income in addition to, and not as an alternative for, operating income or any other performance measure presented in accordance with GAAP. It is a measure we use to evaluate our core operating performance.  We believe segment operating income reflects an additional way of viewing aspects of our operations that, when viewed with our GAAP results, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business. We believe the measure is used by investors and is a useful indicator to measure our performance. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of segment operating income may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

The following table reconciles operating income to segment operating income:
Three Months Ended
March 31
Three Months Ended
March 31
2021 over 2020 2022 over 2021
($ in millions)($ in millions)20212020DollarsPercent($ in millions)20222021DollarsPercent
Operating incomeOperating income$147 $215 $(68)(32)%Operating income$138 $147 $(9)(6)%
Operating FAS/CAS AdjustmentOperating FAS/CAS Adjustment40 (63)103 163 %Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment37 40 (3)(8)%
Non-current state income taxesNon-current state income taxes4 — — %Non-current state income taxes1 (3)(75)%
Segment operating incomeSegment operating income$191 $156 $35 22 %Segment operating income$176 $191 $(15)(8)%
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Segment Operating Income

Segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, was $191$176 million, compared with segment operating income of $156$191 million for the same period in 2020.2021. The increasedecrease was primarily driven by higherdue to lower risk retirement onBougainville (LHA 8) and on Block IV of the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program improvedand Bougainville (LHA 8), receipt of a contract incentive on USS Jack H. Lucas (DDG 125) in the first quarter of 2021, and higher amortization of purchased intangible assets, partially offset by higher risk retirement on Fort Lauderdale (LPD 28) following its delivery and USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78), as well as higher performance onin DFS services and nuclear and environmental services, partially offset by lower risk retirement on the RCOH of USS George Washington (CVN 73).unmanned systems.

Activity within each segment is discussed in Segment Operating Results below.

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FAS/CAS Adjustment and Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment

The FAS/CAS Adjustment reflects the difference between expenses for pension and other postretirement benefits determined in accordance with GAAP ("FAS") and the expenses for these items included in segment operating income in accordance with U.S. Cost Accounting Standards ("CAS"). The Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment excludes the following components of net periodic benefit costs: interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost (credit) and actuarial loss (gain), and settlement and curtailment effects.

Effective January 1, 2021, we adopted the Safe Harbor methodology used in determining CAS pension costs. Under the new methodology, the interest rates used to calculate pension liabilities under CAS are consistent with
those used in the determination of minimum funding requirements under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA").

The components of the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment were as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2021 over 2020
($ in millions)20212020DollarsPercent
FAS expense$(7)$(17)$10 59 %
CAS cost13 110 (97)(88)%
FAS/CAS Adjustment6 93 (87)(94)%
Non-operating retirement benefit(46)(30)(16)(53)%
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment$(40)$63 $(103)(163)%
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2022 over 2021
($ in millions)20222021DollarsPercent
FAS benefit (expense)$24 $(7)$31 443 %
CAS cost10 13 (3)(23)%
FAS/CAS Adjustment34 28 467 %
Non-operating retirement benefit(71)(46)(25)(54)%
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment$(37)$(40)$%

The Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment was a net expense of $40$37 million and a net benefit of $63$40 million for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. The unfavorablefavorable change in the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment from 2020 to 2021of $3 million was primarily driven by the more immediate recognition of higher interest rates under CAS.rates.

Non-current State Income Taxes

Non-current state income taxes include deferred state income taxes, which reflect the change in deferred state tax assets and liabilities, and the tax expense or benefit associated with changes in state unrecognized tax benefits in the relevant period. These amounts are recorded within operating income. Current period state income tax expense is charged to contract costs and included in cost of sales and service revenues in segment operating income.

Non-current state income tax expense was $4 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.2022, was $1 million, compared to non-current state income tax expense of $4 million for the same period in 2021. The favorable change in non-current state income taxes was driven by a decrease in deferred state income tax expense, primarily attributable to an increase in expenses that are not currently deductible for income tax purposes.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, increased $5 million, compared with the same period in 2020,2021, primarily due to interest onborrowing under the Term Loan and the issuance of senior notes issued in 2020.August 2021.

Non-Operating Retirement Benefit

The non-operating retirement benefit includes the following components of net periodic benefit costs: interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost (credit) and actuarial loss (gain), and settlement and curtailment effects. For the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, the favorable change in the non-operating retirement benefit of $16$25 million was primarily driven by higher 20202021 returns on plan assets.
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Other, Net

Other, net incomeexpense increased $14$8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, compared with the same period in 2020,2021, primarily driven by gainslosses on investments in marketable securities and interest income.securities.

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Federal and Foreign Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rates on earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, were 20.5% and 2020, were 14.5% and 20.4%, respectively. The lowerhigher effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, was primarily attributable to thea tax loss associated with the sale of ourthe Company’s oil and gas business resultingrecorded in a reduction in the effective tax rate of 5.5%.2021.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, our effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory tax rate primarily as a result of the tax loss associated with the sale of our oil and gas business. For the three months ended March 31, 2020,2022, our effective tax rate did not differ materially from the federal statutory corporate income tax rate of 21%. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, our effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate primarily as a result of the loss associated with the sale of our oil and gas business. See Note 11: Income Taxes.


SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

Basis of Presentation

We are aligned into three reportable segments: Ingalls, Newport News, and Technical Solutions.Mission Technologies.

The following table presents segment operating results:
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2021 over 2020
($ in millions)20212020DollarsPercent
Sales and Service Revenues
Ingalls$649 $629 $20 %
Newport News1,407 1,341 66 %
Technical Solutions259 317 (58)(18)%
Intersegment eliminations(37)(24)(13)(54)%
Sales and service revenues$2,278 $2,263 $15 %
Operating Income
Ingalls$91 $68 $23 34 %
Newport News93 95 (2)(2)%
Technical Solutions7 (7)14 200 %
Segment operating income191 156 35 22 %
Non-segment factors affecting operating income (loss)
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment(40)63 (103)(163)%
Non-current state income taxes(4)(4)— — %
Operating income$147 $215 $(68)(32)%
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2022 over 2021
($ in millions)20222021DollarsPercent
Sales and Service Revenues
Ingalls$631 $649 $(18)(3)%
Newport News1,390 1,407 (17)(1)%
Mission Technologies590 259 331 128 %
Intersegment eliminations(35)(37)%
Sales and service revenues$2,576 $2,278 $298 13 %
Operating Income
Ingalls$86 $91 $(5)(5)%
Newport News81 93 (12)(13)%
Mission Technologies9 29 %
Segment operating income176 191 (15)(8)%
Non-segment factors affecting operating income
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment(37)(40)%
Non-current state income taxes(1)(4)75 %
Operating income$138 $147 $(9)(6)%

KEY SEGMENT FINANCIAL MEASURES

Sales and Service Revenues

Period-to-period revenues reflect performance under new and ongoing contracts. Changes in sales and service revenues are typically expressed in terms of volume. Unless otherwise described, volume generally refers to increases (or decreases) in reported revenues due to varying production activity levels, delivery rates, or service levels on individual contracts. Volume changes will typically carry a corresponding income change based on the margin rate for a particular contract.

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Segment Operating Income (Loss)

Segment operating income reflects the aggregate performance results of contracts within a segment. Excluded from this measure are certain costs not directly associated with contract performance, such as the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment and non-current state income taxes. Changes in segment operating income are typically expressed in
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terms of volume, as discussed above, or performance. Performance refers to changes in contract margin rates. These changes typically relate to profit recognition associated with revisions to estimated costs at completion ("EAC") that reflect improved or deteriorated operating performance on that contract. Operating income changes are accounted for on a cumulative to date basis at the time an EAC change is recorded. Segment operating income may also be affected by, among other things, contract performance, the effects of workforce stoppages, the effects of natural disasters such as hurricanes, resolution of disputed items with the customer, recovery of insurance proceeds, and other discrete events. At the completion of a long-term contract, any originally estimated costs not incurred or reserves not fully utilized, such as warranty reserves, could also impact contract earnings. Where such items have occurred and the effects are material, a separate description is provided.

Cumulative Adjustments

For the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, favorable and unfavorable cumulative catch-up margin adjustments were as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31
 
($ in millions)20222021
Gross favorable adjustments$107 $86 
Gross unfavorable adjustments(62)(36)
Net adjustments$45 $50 
Three Months Ended
March 31
 
($ in millions)20212020
Gross favorable adjustments$86 $61 
Gross unfavorable adjustments(36)(29)
Net adjustments$50 $32 

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, favorable cumulative catch-up margin adjustments were related to risk retirement on Fort Lauderdale (LPD 28) following its delivery and other individually insignificant adjustments. During the same period, none of the unfavorable cumulative catch-up margin adjustments were individually significant.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, favorable cumulative catch-up margin adjustments were related to risk retirement on Bougainville (LHA 8) and Block IV of the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program. During the same period, none of the unfavorable cumulative catch-up margin adjustments were individually significant.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, favorable cumulative catch-up adjustments were related to risk retirement on the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program, the RCOH of USS George Washington (CVN 73), the San Antonio class (LPD 17) program, and other individually insignificant adjustments. During the same period, none of the unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments were individually significant.

Ingalls
Ingalls
Three Months Ended
March 31
Three Months Ended
March 31
2021 over 2020 Three Months Ended
March 31
2022 over 2021
($ in millions)($ in millions)20212020DollarsPercent($ in millions)20222021DollarsPercent
Sales and service revenuesSales and service revenues$649 $629 $20 %Sales and service revenues$631 $649 $(18)(3)%
Segment operating incomeSegment operating income91 68 23 34 %Segment operating income86 91 (5)(5)%
As a percentage of segment salesAs a percentage of segment sales14.0 %10.8 %As a percentage of segment sales13.6 %14.0 %

Sales and Service Revenues

Ingalls revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021, increased $202022, decreased $18 million, or 3%, from the same period in 2020,2021, primarily driven by higherlower revenues in surface combatants, partially offset by lowerhigher revenues in the Legend class NSC program. Surface combatant revenues increasedamphibious assault ships. Revenues on surface combatants decreased due to higherlower volumes onJeremiah Denton (DDG 129), George M. Neal (DDG 131), and Jeremiah DentonFrank E. Petersen Jr. (DDG 129), and Jack H. Lucas (DDG 125)121), partially offset by lower volumes on USS Fitzgerald (DDG 62) restoration and modernization following its redelivery and Delbert D. Black (DDG 119) following its delivery. Revenues on the Legend class NSC program decreased due to lower volumes on Stone (NSC 9) following its delivery. Amphibious assault ship revenues were flat as a result of higher volumes on PittsburghSam Nunn (LPD 31), Bougainville (LHA 8), and(DDG 133). Revenues on amphibious assault ships increased due to higher volumes on LHA 9 (unnamed), and L-Class planning yard services contract, partially offset by lower volumes on Richard M. McCool Jr. (LPD 29), Fort Lauderdale (LPD 28), and USS TripoliBougainville (LHA 7)8).

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Segment Operating Income

Ingalls segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, was $91$86 million, compared with $68segment operating income of $91 million for the same period in 2020.2021. The increasedecrease was primarily driven by lower
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risk retirement on Bougainville (LHA 8) and receipt of a contract incentive on USS Jack H. Lucas (DDG 125) in the first quarter of 2021, partially offset by higher risk retirement onFort Lauderdale Bougainville (LHA 8).

(LPD 28) following its delivery.

Newport News
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2021 over 2020
($ in millions)20212020DollarsPercent
Sales and service revenues$1,407 $1,341 $66 %
Segment operating income93 95 (2)(2)%
As a percentage of segment sales6.6 %7.1 %
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2022 over 2021
($ in millions)20222021DollarsPercent
Sales and service revenues$1,390 $1,407 $(17)(1)%
Segment operating income81 93 (12)(13)%
As a percentage of segment sales5.8 %6.6 %

Sales and Service Revenues

Newport News revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021, increased $662022, decreased $17 million, or 5%1%, from the same period in 2020,2021, primarily driven by lower revenues in aircraft carriers and naval nuclear support services, partially offset by higher revenues in aircraft carriers, naval nuclear support services, and submarines. Aircraft carrier revenues increaseddecreased primarily as a result of lower volumes on the RCOH of USS George Washington (CVN 73), the construction of John F. Kennedy (CVN 79), and USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78), partially offset by higher volumes onEnterprise (CVN 80), the RCOH of USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74), and Doris Miller (CVN 81), partially offset by lower volumes on Kennedy (CVN 79) and the RCOH of USS George Washington (CVN 73). Naval nuclear support services revenues increaseddecreased primarily as a result of lower volumes in submarine fleet support services and facility maintenance services, partially offset by higher volumes in carrier and submarine fleet support services, offset by lower volume in facility maintenance services. Submarine revenues increased primarily as a result ofdue to higher volumes on the Columbia class submarine(SSBN 826) program and the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program. The higher volume onBlock V boats of the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program, was due to higher volumes on Block V boats,partially offset by lower volumes on Block IV boats.boats of the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program.

Segment Operating Income

Newport News segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, was $93$81 million, compared with segment operating income of $95$93 million for the same period in 2020.2021. The decrease was primarily due to lower risk retirement on the RCOH of USS George Washington Virginia(CVN 73), class (SSN 774) submarine program, partially offset by higher risk retirement on Block IV of theUSS VirginiaGerald R. Ford class (SSN 774) submarine program.(CVN 78).

Technical Solutions
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2021 over 2020
($ in millions)20212020DollarsPercent
Sales and service revenues$259 $317 $(58)(18)%
Segment operating income7 (7)14 200 %
As a percentage of segment sales2.7 %(2.2)%
Mission Technologies
Three Months Ended
March 31
 2022 over 2021
($ in millions)20222021DollarsPercent
Sales and service revenues$590 $259 $331 128 %
Segment operating income9 29 %
As a percentage of segment sales1.5 %2.7 %

Sales and Service Revenues

Technical SolutionsMission Technologies revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021, decreased $582022, increased $331 million, or 18%128%, from the same period in 2020,2021, primarily due to higher volumes in DFS attributable to the divestituresacquisition of Alion in the third quarter of 2021, partially offset by the divestiture of our oil and gas business and contribution of our San Diego Shipyard to a joint venture in the first quarter of 2021, as well as lower volumes in DFS services, partially offset by the acquisition of Hydroid in March 2020.Fleet Sustainment.

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Segment Operating Income (Loss)

Technical SolutionsMission Technologies segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, was $7$9 million, compared with a losssegment operating income of $7 million for the same period in 2020.2021. The increase was primarily driven by improvedhigher performance onin DFS services and nuclear and environmental services, as well as a gain on the saleunmanned systems, partially offset by higher amortization of our oil and gas business.purchased intangible assets.

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BACKLOG

Total backlog as of March 31, 2021,2022, and December 31, 2020,2021, was approximately $48.8$47.9 billion and $46.0$48.5 billion, respectively. Total backlog includes both funded backlog (firm orders for which funding is contractually obligated by the customer) and unfunded backlog (firm orders for which funding is not currently contractually obligated by the customer). Backlog excludes unexercised contract options and unfunded IDIQIndefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity orders. For contracts having no stated contract values, backlog includes only the amounts committed by the customer.

The following table presents funded and unfunded backlog by segment as of March 31, 2021,2022, and December 31, 2020:2021: 
March 31, 2021December 31, 2020 March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
  Total  Total   Total  Total
($ in millions)($ in millions)FundedUnfundedBacklogFundedUnfundedBacklog($ in millions)FundedUnfundedBacklogFundedUnfundedBacklog
IngallsIngalls$10,516 $1,687 $12,203 $10,443 $1,758 $12,201 Ingalls$10,515 $815 $11,330 $10,216 $792 $11,008 
Newport NewsNewport News13,321 22,247 35,568 9,536 23,132 32,668 Newport News12,954 18,859 31,813 11,121 21,198 32,319 
Technical Solutions754 304 1,058 502 646 1,148 
Mission TechnologiesMission Technologies1,369 3,415 4,784 1,334 3,789 5,123 
Total backlogTotal backlog$24,591 $24,238 $48,829 $20,481 $25,536 $46,017 Total backlog$24,838 $23,089 $47,927 $22,671 $25,779 $48,450 

Approximately 16%19% of the $46.0$48.5 billion total backlog as of December 31, 2020,2021, is expected to be converted into sales in 2021.2022. U.S. Government orders comprised substantially all of the backlog as of March 31, 2021,2022, and December 31, 2020.2021.

Awards

The value of new contract awards during the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, was approximately $5.3$2 billion, comprised primarily of awardsan award for the RCOH of the USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74), construction of a 10th boat of the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program, and construction of John F. Lehman (DDG 137)139 (unnamed).

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We seek to efficiently convert operating results into cash for deployment in operating our businesses, implementing our business strategy, and maximizing stockholder value. We use various financial measures to assist in capital deployment decision making, including net cash provided by operating activities and free cash flow. We believe these measures are useful to investors in assessing our financial performance.

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The following table summarizes key components of cash flow provided by operating activities:
Three Months Ended
March 31
2021 over 2020Three Months Ended
March 31
2022 over 2021
($ in millions)($ in millions)20212020Dollars($ in millions)20222021Dollars
Net earningsNet earnings$148 $172 $(24)Net earnings$140 $148 $(8)
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization67 59 Depreciation and amortization89 67 22 
Provision for doubtful accountsProvision for doubtful accounts(7)— (7)
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation9 Stock-based compensation9 — 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes31 18 13 Deferred income taxes2 31 (29)
Gain on disposition of businessGain on disposition of business(3)— (3)Gain on disposition of business (3)
Loss (gain) on investments in marketable securitiesLoss (gain) on investments in marketable securities(4)16 (20)Loss (gain) on investments in marketable securities9 (4)13 
Retiree benefit funding less than (in excess of) expense(65)(13)(52)
Retiree benefit funding in excess of expenseRetiree benefit funding in excess of expense(34)(65)31 
Trade working capital decrease (increase)(140)(191)51 
Net cash provided by operating activities$43 $68 $(25)
Trade working capital increaseTrade working capital increase(291)(140)(151)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activitiesNet cash (used in) provided by operating activities$(83)$43 $(126)
We have historically maintained a capital structure comprising a mix of equity and debt financing. We vary our
leverage both to optimize our equity return and to pursue acquisitions. We expect to meet our current debt
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obligations as they come due through internally generated funds from current levels of operations and/or through refinancing in the debt markets prior to the maturity dates of our debt.

Cash Flows

We discuss below our majorsignificant operating, investing, and financing activities affecting cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, as classified on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Operating Activities

Cash provided byused in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, was $43$83 million, compared with $68$43 million provided by operating activities for the same period in 2020.2021. The unfavorable change in operating cash flow was primarily due to higherchanges in trade working capital and income tax refunds in the first quarter of 2021, partially offset by lower contributions to retiree benefit plans, partially offset by a federal income tax refund and changes in trade working capital.plans. The change in trade working capital was primarily driven by the timing of receipts of accounts receivable and payments of accounts payable.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, we made discretionary contributions to our qualified defined benefit pension plans totaling $60 million, compared with $20 million of discretionary contributions for the same period in 2020. As of March 31, 2021, we anticipate no further significant cash contributions to our qualified defined benefit pension plans in 2021.

We expect cash generated from operations in combination with our current cash and cash equivalents, as well as existing credit facilities, to be sufficient to service debt and retiree benefit plans, meet contractual obligations, and finance capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.months beginning April 1, 2022 and beyond such 12-month period based on our current business plan.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, was $46$43 million, compared with $444$46 million used in investing activities for the same period in 2020.2021. The change in investing cash was driven by the acquisition of Hydroid in 2020, disposition of our oil and gas business in the first quarter of 2021 and lower capital expenditures in 2021,2022, partially offset by contribution of our San Diego Shipyard to a joint venture in the acquisitionfirst quarter of a non-controlling interest in Titan in 2021. For 2021,2022, we expect our capital expenditures for maintenance and sustainment to be approximately 1.0% of annual revenues and our discretionary capital expenditures to be approximately 2.0 %1.5% to 3.0%2.0% of annual revenues.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, was $102$171 million, compared with $329$102 million provided byused in financing activities for the same period in 2020.2021. The change in financing cash was primarily due to a decreasean increase in net proceeds from revolving credit facility borrowingsthe repayment of $380long-term debt of $100 million, a decreasean increase of net proceeds from issuances of commercial paper of $88$7 million in employee taxes on certain share-based payment arrangements, and a $4$1 million increase in cash dividend payments, partially offset by a decrease of $35$39 million fromin common stock repurchases and a decrease of $6 million in employee taxes on certain share-based payment arrangements.
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repurchases.     

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow represents cash provided by (used in) operating activities less capital expenditures net of related grant proceeds. Free cash flow is not a measure recognized under GAAP. Free cash flow has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, analysisnet earnings as a measure of our resultsperformance or net cash provided by operating activities as reported under GAAP.a measure of our liquidity. We believe free cash flow is an important liquidity measure for our investors because it provides them insight into our current and period-to-period performance and our ability to generate cash from continuing operations. We also use free cash flow as a key operating metric in assessing the performance of our business and as a key performance measure in evaluating management performance and determining incentive compensation. Free cash flow may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

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The following table reconciles net cash (used in) provided by operating activities to free cash flow:
Three Months Ended
March 31
2021 over 2020
($ in millions)20212020Dollars
Net cash provided by operating activities$43 $68 $(25)
Less capital expenditures:
Capital expenditure additions(60)(71)11 
Grant proceeds for capital expenditures1 (4)
Free cash flow$(16)$$(18)
Three Months Ended
March 31
2022 over 2021
($ in millions)20222021Dollars
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities$(83)$43 $(126)
Less capital expenditures:
Capital expenditure additions(43)(60)17 
Grant proceeds for capital expenditures (1)
Free cash flow$(126)$(16)$(110)

Free cash flow for the three months ended March 31, 2021,2022, decreased $18$110 million from the same period in 2020,2021, primarily due to higherchanges in trade working capital and income tax refunds in the first quarter of 2021, partially offset by lower contributions to retiree benefit plans partially offset by a federal income tax refund, changes in trade working capital, and lower capital expenditures.

Governmental Regulation and Supervision

The U.S. Government has the ability, pursuant to regulations relating to contractor business systems, to decrease or withhold contract payments if it determines significant deficiencies exist in one or more such systems. As of March 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the cumulative amounts of payments withheld by the U.S. Government under our contracts subject to these regulations were not material to our liquidity or cash flows.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the ordinary course of business, we use letters of credit issued by commercial banks to support certain leases, insurance policies, and contractual performance obligations, as well as surety bonds issued by insurance companies principally to support our self-insured workers' compensation plans. As of March 31, 2021,2022, $15 million in letters of credit were issued but undrawn and $272$276 million of surety bonds were outstanding. As of March 31, 2021,2022, we had no other significant off-balance sheet arrangements.


ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES

See Note 3: Accounting Standards Updates in Part I, Item 1 for information related to accounting standards updates.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND PROJECTIONS

Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), as well as other statements we may make from time to time, other than statements of historical fact, constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-lookingYou can generally identify forward-looking statements by words such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "intends," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "continue," and similar words or phrases or the negative of these words or phrases. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and uncertaintiesother factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable when made, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. There are a number of important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in these statements. Factors that may cause such differences include:the results anticipated by our forward-looking statements, which include, but are not limited to:

Changes in government and customer priorities and requirements (including government budgetary constraints, shifts in defense spending, and changes in customer short-range and long-range plans);
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Our ability to estimate our future contract costs and perform our contracts effectively;
Changes in procurement processes and government regulations and our ability to comply with such requirements;
Our ability to deliver our products and services at an affordable life cycle cost and compete within our markets;
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Natural and environmental disasters and political instability;
Our ability to execute our strategic plan, including with respect to share repurchases, dividends, capital expenditures, and strategic acquisitions;
Adverse economic conditions in the United States and globally;
Health epidemics, pandemics and similar outbreaks, including the COVID-19 pandemic;pandemic, and the impacts of vaccination mandates on our workforce;
Our ability to effectively integrate the operations of Alion into our business;
Disruptions impacting global supply, including those attributable to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and those resulting from the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine;
Changes in key estimates and assumptions regarding our pension and retiree health care costs;
Security threats, including cyber security threats, and related disruptions; and
Other risk factors discussed herein and in our other filings with the SEC.

There may be other risks and uncertainties that we are unable to predict at this time or that we currently do not expect to have a material adverse effect on our business, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on any forward looking statements that we may make.
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GLOSSARY OF PROGRAMS
Included below are brief descriptions of some of the programs discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Program Name  Program Description
America class (LHA 6) amphibious assault ships
  
Design and build large deck amphibious assault ships that provide forward presence and power projection as an integral part of joint, interagency and multinational maritime expeditionary forces. The America class (LHA 6) ships, together with the Wasp class (LHD 1) ships, are the successors to the decommissioned Tarawa class (LHA 1) ships. The America class (LHA 6) ships optimize aviation operations and support capabilities. WeIn 2020, we delivered USS Tripoli (LHA 7) in February 2020,, and we were awarded a long-lead-time material and construction contract for LHA 9 (unnamed). We are currently constructing Bougainville (LHA 8).
Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyers
  
Build guided missile destroyers designed for conducting anti-air, anti-submarine, anti-surface, and strike operations. The Aegis-equipped Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyers are the U.S. Navy's primary surface combatant, and have been constructed in variants, allowing technological advances during construction. In 2019 weWe delivered USS Paul Ignatius (DDG 117), and in 2020 we delivered USS Delbert D. Black (DDG 119)., and Frank E. Petersen Jr. (DDG121) in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. We have contracts to construct the following Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyers:Frank E. Petersen Jr. (DDG 121), Lenah H. Sutcliffe Higbee (DDG 123), Jack H. Lucas (DDG 125), Ted Stevens (DDG 128), Jeremiah Denton (DDG 129), George M. Neal (DDG 131), Sam Nunn (DDG 133), Thad Cochran (DDG 135), and John F. Lehman (DDG 137), and DDG 139 (unnamed).
Carrier RCOH
  
Perform refueling and complex overhaul ("RCOH") of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, which is required at the mid-point of their 50-year life cycle. USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) was redelivered to the U.S. Navy in the second quarter of 2017 and USS George Washington (CVN 73) arrived at Newport News for the start of its RCOH in August 2017.2017, and USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74) arrived at Newport News for the start of its RCOH in May 2021.
Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarines
Newport News is participating in designing the Columbia class submarine as a replacement for the current aging Ohio class nuclear ballistic missile submarines, which were first introduced into service in 1981. The Ohio class SSBN includes 14 nuclear ballistic missile submarines and four nuclear cruise missile submarines. The Columbia class program plan of record is to construct 12 new ballistic missile submarines. The U.S. Navy has initiated the design process for the new class of submarines, and, in early 2017, the DODDoD signed the acquisition decision memorandum approving the Columbia class program’s Milestone B, which formally authorizes the program’s entry into the engineering and manufacturing development phase. We perform design work as a subcontractor to Electric Boat, and we have entered into a teaming agreement with Electric Boat to build modules for the entire Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarine program that leverages our Virginia class (SSN 774) experience. We have been awarded contracts from Electric Boat to beginfor integrated product and process development, and provide long-lead-timeproviding long–lead–time material and advance construction, forand construction of the first two boats of the Columbia class (SSBN 826) program. Construction of the first Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarine began in 2020.
Defense and federal solutions ("DFS")DFS is focused on solving tough national security challenges for the DoD, the intelligence community, and federal civilian agencies around the globe. The group’s expertise includes maritime fleet sustainment; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; cyber operations; secure enterprise information technology engineeringDevelops integrated solutions that enable today's connected, all–domain force. Capabilities include: C5ISR systems and operations; advanced modeling, simulation,the application of artificial intelligence ("AI") and training;machine learning to battlefield decisions; defensive and logistics management.offensive cyberspace strategies and electronic warfare ("EW"); and live, virtual, and constructive ("LVC") solutions.
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Fleet sustainmentMaintains and modernizes a significant majority of the U.S. Navy fleet, from small watercraft to submarines, combatants, and aircraft carriers, our systems and maintenance experts help the Navy maintain a high state of readiness. Ensures effective system operation and sustainment by actively supporting design and decision–making processes through studies, analyses, and reviews of program documents, and provides a wide range of logistics products.
USS Gerald R. Ford class (CVN 78) aircraft carriers
  
Design and construction for the Ford class program, which is the aircraft carrier replacement program for the decommissioned Enterprise (CVN 65) and Nimitz class (CVN 68) aircraft carriers. USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78), the first ship of the Ford class, was delivered to the U.S. Navy in the second quarter of 2017. In June 2015, we were awarded a contract for the detail design and construction of John F. Kennedy (CVN 79), following several years of engineering, advance construction, and purchase of long-lead timelong-lead-time components and material. In addition, we have received awards for detail design and construction of Enterprise (CVN 80) and Doris Miller (CVN 81). This category also includes the class' non-recurring engineering. The class is expected to bring improved warfighting capability, quality of life improvements for sailors, and reduced life cycle costs.
Legend class National Security Cutter
  
Design and build the U.S. Coast Guard's National Security Cutters ("NSCs"), the largest and most technically advanced class of cutter in the U.S. Coast Guard. The NSC is equipped to carry out maritime homeland security, maritime safety, protection of natural resources, maritime mobility, and national defense missions. The plan is for a total of 11 ships, of which the first nine ships have been delivered. Calhoun (NSC 10) and Friedman (NSC 11) are currently under construction.
Naval nuclear support servicesProvide services to and in support of the U.S. Navy, ranging from services supporting the Navy's carrier and submarine fleets to maintenance services at U.S. Navy training facilities. Naval nuclear support services include design, construction, maintenance, and disposal activities for in servicein-service U.S. Navy nuclear ships worldwide through mobile and in-house capabilities. Services include maintenance services on nuclear reactor prototypes.
Nuclear and environmental servicesProvide services in nuclearSupports the national security mission of the Department of Energy ("DoE") through the management and operations, including site management,operation of its sites, as well as the safe cleanup of legacy waste across the country. We meet our clients' toughest nuclear and industrial facilities operationsenvironmental challenges and maintenance, decontamination andare positioned to serve the growing commercial nuclear power plant decommissioning radiological and hazardous waste management services, and technical engineering services.market. We participate in several joint ventures, including Newport News Nuclear BWXT Los Alamos, LLC (" N3B"), Mission Support and Test Services, LLC ("MSTS"), and Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC ("SRNS"), and we are an integrated subcontractor to Triad National Security. N3B was awarded the Los Alamos Legacy Cleanup Contract at the DoE/National Nuclear Security Administration’s Los Alamos National Laboratory. MSTS was awarded a contract for site management and operations at the Nevada National Security Site. SRNS provides site management and operations at the DoE’s Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina. Triad provides site management and operations at the DoE’s Los Alamos National Laboratory.
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San Antonio class (LPD 17) amphibious transport dock ships
  
Design and build amphibious transport dock ships, which are warships that embark, transport, and land elements of a landing force for a variety of expeditionary warfare missions, and also serve as the secondary aviation platform for Amphibious Readiness Groups. The San Antonio class (LPD 17) is the newest addition to the U.S. Navy's 21st century amphibious assault force, and these ships are a key element of the U.S. Navy's seabase transformation. We are currently constructingIn 2022, we delivered Fort Lauderdale (LPD 28),. We are currently constructing Richard M. McCool Jr. (LPD 29), and Harrisburg (LPD 30). In 2020, we were awarded a contract to construct Pittsburgh (LPD 31).
Unmanned systemsOur unmanned systems products and services createCreates advanced unmanned maritime solutions for defense, marine research, and commercial applications. Serving customers in more than 30 countries, unmanned systems provides design, autonomy, manufacturing, testing, operations, and sustainment of unmanned systems, including unmanned underwater vehicles and unmanned surface vessels.
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Virginia class (SSN 774) fast attack submarines
  
Construct attack submarines as the principal subcontractor to Electric Boat. The Virginia class (SSN 774) is a post-Cold War design tailored to excel in a wide range of warfighting missions, including anti-submarine and surface ship warfare; special operation forces; strike; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; carrier and expeditionary strike group support; and mine warfare.

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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk, primarily related to interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

Interest Rates - Our floating rate financial instruments subject to interest rate risk include a $650 million Term Loan, a $1.5 billion Revolving Credit Facility, and a $1 billion commercial paper and floating rate borrowings under our credit facility.program. As of March 31, 2021,2022, we had $525 million outstanding on the Term Loan and no indebtedness outstanding under our $1,250 million revolving credit facility was undrawn.

Foreign Currency - We currently have, and inRevolving Credit Facility or our commercial paper program. Based on the future may enter into, foreign currency forward contracts to manage foreign currency exchange rate risk related to payments to suppliers denominated in foreign currencies. Asamounts outstanding under our Term Loan as of March 31, 2021,2022, an increase of 1% in interest rates would increase the fair values ofinterest expense on our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts were not significant.debt by approximately $5 million on an annual basis.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of March 31, 2021.2022. Based on that evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2021,2022, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management to allow their timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

DuringOn August 19, 2021, the three months ended March 31, 2021, no change occurredCompany completed the acquisition of Alion. The Company is in ourthe process of implementing its internal control structure over financial reporting that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,Alion operations, and the Company's internal control over financial reporting.process must be completed within one year of the acquisition.


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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

We have provided information about legal proceedings in which we are involved in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1, which is incorporated herein by reference. In addition to the matters disclosed in Part I, Item 1, we are a party to various investigations, lawsuits, claims, and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Based on information available to us, we do not believe at this time that any of such other matters will individually, or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. For further information on the risks we face from existing and future investigations, lawsuits, claims, and other legal proceedings, please see "Risk Factors" in Item 1A below.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10–Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors in the 20202021 Form 10–K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2020 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Repurchases under our stock repurchase program are made from time to time at management's discretion in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. All repurchases of HII common stock have been recorded as treasury stock. The following table summarizes information relating to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company of shares of the Company's common stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased1
Average Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (in millions)2, 3
January 1, 2021 to January 31, 2021135,560 $167.34 135,560 $1,119.6 
February 1, 2021 to February 28, 2021107,545 165.76 107,545 1,101.8 
March 1, 2021 to March 31, 2021102,696 186.14 48,476 1,092.3 
Total345,801 $172.46 291,581 $1,092.3 
2022.
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased1
Average Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (in millions)2, 3
January 1, 2022 to January 31, 202215,896 $193.46 15,683 $1,037.9 
February 1, 2022 to February 28, 202215,956 185.73 15,956 1,035.0 
March 1, 2022 to March 31, 202286,271 204.17 18,910 1,031.1 
Total118,123 $200.23 50,549 $1,031.1 
1We purchased an aggregate of 291,58150,549 shares of our common stock in the open market pursuant to our repurchase program and 54,22067,574 shares were transferred to us from employees in satisfaction of minimum tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of restricted performance stock rights during the period.
2 From the stock repurchase program's inception through March 31, 2021,2022, we have purchased 13,142,44113,445,849 shares at an average price of $160.37$161.31 per share for a total of $2.1$2.2 billion.
3 In October 2012, the Companywe commenced itsour stock repurchase program. In November 2019, the Companywe announced an increase in the stock repurchase program to $3.2 billion and an extension of the term to October 31, 2024.

Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5.    Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
31.1 
31.2 
32.1 
32.2 
101 The following financial information for the Company, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, and (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date:May 6, 20215, 2022Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc.
(Registrant)
By:/s/ Nicolas Schuck
Nicolas Schuck
Corporate Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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