Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				*Three Months Ended*
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		*March 31,*			*March 31,*
	2017		2016		2017		2016		*2023*			*2022*
	(unaudited)				(unaudited)				(unaudited)

Net sales	$	125,339	$	123,573	$	336,958	$	286,125	$	82,545		$	102,601
Cost of sales		89,284		86,929		238,683		193,829		71,270			81,537
Gross profit		36,055		36,644		98,275		92,296		11,275			21,064
Selling, general, and administrative expense		13,093		15,761		45,074		37,986		22,442			21,373
Intangibles amortization		2,997		4,395		8,532		7,847		2,630			2,630
Income from operations		19,965		16,488		44,669		46,463
Loss from operations										(13,797	)		(2,939	)
Interest expense, net		(4,860)		(4,518)		(14,348)		(10,253)		(2,864	)		(2,113	)
Litigation proceeds		-		-		1,275		10,050
Other expense, net		(24)		(97)		(132)		(230)
Income before taxes		15,081		11,873		31,464		46,030
Income tax expense		5,754		4,571		10,668		17,122
Net income	$	9,327	$	7,302	$	20,796	$	28,908
Other income, net										35			127
Loss before taxes										(16,626	)		(4,925	)
Income tax benefit										(3,516	)		(1,017	)
Net loss									$	(13,110	)	$	(3,908	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		22,590,897		22,501,640		22,571,560		22,473,642		22,906,845			22,982,538
Diluted		22,604,921		22,501,640		22,582,502		22,473,642		22,906,845			22,982,538
Earnings per common share:
Loss per common share:
Basic	$	0.41	$	0.32	$	0.91	$	1.27	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.18	)
Diluted	$	0.40	$	0.32	$	0.90	$	1.26	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.18	)
Cash dividends declared and paid per share	$	0.24	$	0.24	$	0.72	$	0.71	$	0.30		$	0.29
Comprehensive income	$	9,396	$	7,321	$	20,590	$	27,400
Comprehensive income (loss)									$	(14,699	)	$	330

Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)



	Nine Months Ended				*Three Months Ended*
	September 30,		September 30,		*March 31,*			*March 31,*
	2017		2016		*2023*			*2022*
	(unaudited)				(unaudited)

Operating activities

Net income	$	20,796	$	28,908
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Net loss					$	(13,110	)	$	(3,908	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		13,815		12,217		5,357			5,189
Inventory step up of acquired business included in cost of sales		-		125
Gain on disposal of fixed asset						(60	)		(51	)
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount		911		642		145			121
Stock-based compensation		2,750		2,258		957			1,900
Adjustments on derivatives not classified as hedges						(172	)		(172	)
Provision for losses on accounts receivable		1,424		221		175			75
Deferred income taxes		4,464		2,734		(1,125	)		978
Earnout liability		(1,186)		(51)
Non-cash lease expense						1,018			1,198
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(39,519)		(37,659)		38,367			27,902
Inventories		(4,929)		(1,973)		(48,082	)		(39,820	)
Prepaid refundable income taxes and other assets		(55)		3,087
Prepaid assets, refundable income taxes and other assets						(3,376	)		(1,059	)
Accounts payable		(2,556)		(1,763)		(24,891	)		(9,315	)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		3,069		952		(11,882	)		(8,883	)
Benefit obligations and other long-term liabilities		347		1,513		(237	)		(148	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(669)		11,211
Net cash used in operating activities						(56,916	)		(25,993	)
Investing activities
Capital expenditures		(5,216)		(7,084)		(2,748	)		(2,198	)
Acquisition of business		(7,385)		(175,927)
Net cash used in investing activities		(12,601)		(183,011)		(2,748	)		(2,198	)
Financing activities
Shares withheld on restricted stock vesting paid for employees’ taxes		(923)		-
Repurchase of common stock						-			(3,001	)
Payments of financing costs		(1,608)		(2,250)		(334	)		-
Earnout payment		(5,487)		-
Dividends paid		(16,476)		(16,086)		(6,960	)		(6,748	)
Net revolver borrowings		23,000		26,000		52,000			12,000
Borrowings on long-term debt		-		129,350
Repayment of long-term debt		(2,363)		(1,755)		(2,812	)		(2,812	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(3,857)		135,259		41,894			(561	)
Change in cash and cash equivalents		(17,127)		(36,541)		(17,770	)		(28,752	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		18,609		36,844		20,670			36,964
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	1,482	$	303	$	2,900		$	8,212

Non-cash operating and financing activities
Truck chassis inventory acquired through floorplan obligations	$	33,271	$	8,481	$	1,042		$	713

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Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

(In thousands)

	*Common Stock*						*Additional Paid-in*			*Retained*			*Accumulated Other Comprehensive*
	*Shares*			*Dollars*			*Capital*			*Earnings*			*Income (Loss)*			*Total*
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Balance at December 31, 2022		22,886,793		$	229		$	164,281		$	63,464		$	9,128		$	237,102
Net loss		—			—			—			(13,110	)		—			(13,110	)
Dividends paid		—			—			—			(6,960	)		—			(6,960	)
Adjustment for postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of $19		—			—			—			—			(53	)		(53	)
Adjustment for interest rate swap, net of tax of $540		—			—			—			—			(1,536	)		(1,536	)
Stock based compensation		69,411			1			956			—			—			957
Balance at March 31, 2023		22,956,204		$	230		$	165,237		$	43,394		$	7,539		$	216,400

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Balance at December 31, 2021		22,980,951		$	230		$	163,552		$	51,881		$	(1,053	)	$	214,610
Net loss		—			—			—			(3,908	)		—			(3,908	)
Dividends paid		—			—			—			(6,748	)		—			(6,748	)
Adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of $14		—			—			—			—			(41	)		(41	)
Adjustment for interest rate swap, net of tax of ($1,503)		—			—			—			—			4,279			4,279
Repurchase of common stock		(81,731	)		(1	)		(3,000	)		—			—			(3,001	)
Stock based compensation		76,930			1			1,899			—			—			1,900
Balance at March 31, 2022		22,976,150		$	230		$	162,451		$	41,225		$	3,185		$	207,091

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands except share and per share data)

1.~~Basis of presentation~~

1.	Basis of presentation

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for fiscal year-end financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. For further information, refer to the financial statements and related footnotes included in our ~~2016~~2022 Form ~~10-K~~10-K (Commission File No. ~~001-34728)~~001-34728) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on ~~March 13, 2017.~~February 21, 2023.

The Company ~~currently~~ conducts business in two segments: Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions. ~~Financial information regarding these~~Under this reporting structure, the Company’s two reportable business segments ~~is reported in~~are as follows:

Work Truck Attachments. The Work Truck Attachments segment includes commercial snow and ice management attachments sold under the FISHER®, WESTERN® and SNOWEX® brands, as well as our vertically integrated products. This segment consists of our operations that manufacture and sell snow and ice control products.

Work Truck Solutions. The Work Truck Solutions segment includes manufactured municipal snow and ice control products under the HENDERSON® brand and the up-fit of market leading attachments and storage solutions under the HENDERSON® brand, and the DEJANA® brand and its related sub-brands.

See Note 13 15to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. for financial information regarding these segments.

~~Certain~~ reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform to the 2017 presentation. In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-17, ~~Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes~~, This ASU requires entities to present deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. The Company adopted ASU No. 2015-17 during the quarter ended March 31, 2017 and applied it retrospectively. The adoption resulted in the reclassification of Deferred income taxes as included in Current assets to Deferred income taxes as included in Liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet of $5,726 for December 31, 2016.

Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Information

The accompanying ~~condensed consolidated balance sheet~~Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023, the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) and the ~~condensed consolidated statements~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~operations and comprehensive income~~Shareholders’ Equity for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~ March 31, 2023 and ~~2016~~2022, and ~~condensed cash flows~~the Condensed Cash Flows for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~ March 31, 2023 and ~~2016~~2022, have been prepared by the Company and have not been audited.

The Company’s Work Truck Attachments segment is seasonal and, consequently, its results of operations and financial condition vary from quarter-to-quarter. Because of this seasonality, the results of operations of the Work Truck Attachments segment for any quarter may not be indicative of results of operations that may be achieved for a subsequent quarter or the full year, and may not be similar to results of operations experienced in prior years. The Company attempts to manage the seasonal impact of snowfall on its revenues in part through its pre-season sales program. This pre-season sales program encourages the Company’s distributors to re-stock their inventory of Work Truck Attachments products during the second and third quarters in anticipation of the peak fourth quarter retail sales period by offering favorable pre-season pricing and payment deferral until the fourth quarter. Thus, the Company’s Work Truck Attachments segment tends to generate its greatest volume of sales during the second and third quarters. By contrast, its revenue and operating results tend to be lowest during the first quarter, as management believes the end-users of Work Truck Attachments products prefer to wait until the beginning of a snow season to purchase new equipment and as the Company’s distributors sell off Work Truck Attachments inventory and wait for the pre-season sales incentive period to re-stock inventory. Fourth quarter sales vary from year-to-year as they are primarily driven by the level, timing and location of snowfall during the quarter. This is because most of the Company’s Work Truck Attachments fourth quarter sales and shipments consist of re-orders by distributors seeking to restock inventory to meet immediate customer needs caused by snowfall during the winter months. In addition, due to the factors noted above, Work Truck Attachments working capital needs are highest in the second and third quarters as its accounts receivable rise from pre-season sales. These working capital needs decline in the fourth quarter as the Company receives payments for its pre-season shipments.

The Company relies on a combination of patents, trade secrets and trademarks to protect certain of the proprietary aspects of its business and technology. In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company

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2.	Revenue Recognition

~~received~~

Revenue Streams

The following is a ~~settlement resulting~~description of principal activities from which the Company generates revenue. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to the customer, in an ~~ongoing lawsuit with one~~amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company generates all of its ~~competitors. Previously under~~revenue from contracts with customers. Additionally, contract amounts represent the ~~same lawsuit~~full amount of the ~~competitor was required~~transaction price as agreed upon with the customer at the time of order, resulting in a single performance obligation in all cases. In the case of a single order containing multiple upfits, the transaction price may represent multiple performance obligations.

Work Truck Attachments

The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment of equipment to ~~stop~~the customer. Within the Work Truck Attachments segment, the Company offers a variety of discounts and sales incentives to its distributors. The estimated liability for sales discounts and allowances is calculated using the expected value method and recorded at the time of sale as a reduction of net sales. The liability is estimated based on the costs of the program, the planned duration of the program and historical experience.

The Work Truck Attachments segment has two revenue streams, as identified below.

Independent Dealer Sales – Revenues from sales to independent dealers are recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s ~~intellectual property. Under~~product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon shipment. In these instances, each product is considered a separate performance obligation, and revenue is recognized upon shipment of the ~~settlement~~goods. Any shipping and handling activities performed by the Company after the transfer of control to the customer (e.g., when control transfers upon shipment) are considered fulfillment activities, and accordingly, the costs are accrued for when the related revenue is recognized.

Parts & Accessory Sales – The Company’s equipment is used in harsh conditions and parts frequently wear out. These parts drive recurring revenues through parts and accessory sales. The process for recording parts and accessory sales is consistent with the independent dealer sales noted above.

Work Truck Solutions

The Work Truck Solutions segment primarily participates in the truck and vehicle upfitting industry in the United States. Customers are billed separately for the truck chassis by the chassis manufacturer. The Company only records sales for the amount of the upfit, excluding the truck chassis. Generally, the Company obtains the truck chassis from the truck chassis manufacturer through either its floor plan agreement with a financial institution or bailment pool agreement with the truck chassis manufacturer. Additionally, in some instances the Company upfits chassis which are owned by the end customer. For truck chassis acquired through the floor plan agreement, the Company holds title to the vehicle from the time the chassis is received ~~$1,275 as part of defending its intellectual property.~~ ~~In the nine months ended September 30, 2016,~~by the Company ~~received a settlement resulting from an ongoing lawsuit with one~~until the completion of ~~its competitors. Previously under~~ the ~~same lawsuit the competitor was required to stop using the Company’s intellectual property.~~up-fit. Under the ~~settlement~~bailment pool agreement, the Company ~~received $10,050 as part~~does not take title to the truck chassis, but rather only holds the truck chassis on consignment. The Company pays interest on both of ~~defending its intellectual property.~~these arrangements. The ~~proceeds~~Company records revenue in the same manner net of the ~~lawsuits are included on~~value of the ~~Condensed Consolidated Statements~~truck chassis in both the Company’s floor plan and bailment pool agreements. The Company does not set the price for the truck chassis, is not responsible for the billing of ~~Operations~~the chassis and ~~Comprehensive Income as Litigation proceeds.~~does not have inventory risk in either the bailment pool or floor plan agreements. The Work Truck Solutions segment also has manufacturing operations of municipal snow and ice control equipment, where revenue is recognized upon shipment of equipment to the customer.

~~2. Acquisition~~

~~On May 1, 2017,~~Revenues from the sales of the Work Truck Solutions products are recognized net of the truck chassis with the selling price to the customer recorded as sales and the manufacturing and up-fit cost of the product recorded as Cost of sales. In these cases, the Company ~~purchased substantially all of~~acts as an agent as it does not have inventory or pricing control over the assets of Arrowhead Equipment, Inc. (“Arrowhead”). Total consideration was $7,385 including a preliminary estimated working capital adjustment of $100 that increased the purchase price at the close of the transaction on May 1, 2017 that was subsequently adjusted by $215 paid by the seller to the Company, resulting in a final negative net working capital adjustment of $115 paid by the seller to the Company. The acquisition includes the Arrowhead’s assets acquired at two up-fit locations in Albany and Queensbury, New York that are both being leased by the Company. The assets were acquired with on hand cash and short term borrowings under the Company’s Revolving Credit Agreement. The acquired assets are included intruck chassis. Within the Work Truck Solutions segment, the Company also sells certain third-party products for which it acts as an agent. These sales do not meet the criteria for gross sales recognition, and ~~were acquired~~thus are recognized on a net basis at the time of sale. Under net sales recognition, the cost paid to ~~expand~~ the ~~geographical footprint~~third-party service provider is recorded as a reduction to sales, resulting in net sales being equal to the gross profit on the transaction.

Table of ~~that segment.~~Contents

The Work Truck Solutions segment has four revenue streams, as identified below.

State and Local Bids – The Company records revenue of separately sold snow and ice equipment upon shipment and fully upfit vehicles upon delivery. The state and local bid process does not obligate the entity to buy any products from the Company, but merely allows the entity to purchase products in the future, typically for a fixed period of time. The entity commits to actually purchasing products from the Company when it issues purchase orders off of a previously awarded bid, which lists out actual quantities of equipment being ordered and the delivery terms. On upfit transactions, the Company is providing a significant service by assembling and integrating the individual products onto the customer’s truck. Each individual product and installation activity is highly interdependent and highly interrelated, and therefore the Company considers the manufacture and upfit of a truck a single performance obligation. Any shipping and handling activities performed by the Company after the transfer of control to the Customer (e.g., when control transfers upon shipment) are considered fulfillment activities, and accordingly, the costs are accrued for when the related revenue is recognized.

Fleet Upfit Sales – The Company enters into contracts with certain fleet customers. Fleet agreements create enforceable rights without the issuance of a purchase order. Typically, these agreements outline the terms of sale, payment terms, standard pricing, and the rights of the customer and seller. Fleet sales are performed on both customer owned vehicles as well as non-customer owned vehicles. For non-customer owned vehicles, revenue is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the truck to the customer. For customer-owned vehicles, per Topic 606, revenue is recognized over time based on a cost input method. The Company accumulates costs incurred ~~$418 of transaction expenses~~on partially completed customer-owned upfits based on estimated margin and completion. The Company books an adjustment to account for revenue over time related to ~~this acquisition that are included in selling, general~~customer owned vehicles, which increased revenue by $291 and ~~administrative expense in~~increased revenue by $634 for the ~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in the nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2017, which includes $70 accrual reversal~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Dealer Upfit Sales – The Company upfits work trucks for ~~estimated transaction-related expenses related~~independent dealer customers. Dealer upfit revenue is recorded upon delivery. The customer does not own the vehicles during the upfit process, and as such revenue is recorded at a point in time upon delivery to ~~this acquisition that~~the customer.

Over the Counter / Parts & Accessory Sales – Work Truck Solutions part and accessory sales are recorded as revenue upon shipment. Additionally, customers can purchase parts at any of the Company’s showrooms. In these instances, each product is ~~included in selling, general~~considered a separate performance obligation, and ~~administrative expense in~~revenue is recognized upon shipment of the ~~Condensed Consolidated Statements~~goods or customer pick up.

Table of ~~Income in the three months ended September 30, 2017.~~Contents

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table ~~summarizes the preliminary allocation~~provides information about disaggregated revenue by customer type and timing of revenue recognition, and includes a reconciliation of the ~~purchase price paid and the subsequent working capital adjustment to the fair value of the net assets acquired~~disaggregated revenue with reportable segments.

Revenue by customer type was as ~~of the acquisition date:~~follows:

Accounts receivable - trade

$
852

Inventories

1,647

Prepaids and other current assets

6

Property and equipment

624

Goodwill

2,620

Intangible assets

2,700

Accounts payable and other current liabilities

(957)

Unfavorable lease

(107)

Total

$
7,385

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	*Work Truck Attachments*		*Work Truck Solutions*		*Total Revenue*
Independent dealer	$	19,246	$	30,512	$	49,758
Government		-		17,590		17,590
Fleet		-		12,868		12,868
Other		-		2,329		2,329
Total revenue	$	19,246	$	63,299	$	82,545

~~The goodwill for the acquisition is a result~~

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	*Work Truck Attachments*		*Work Truck Solutions*		*Total Revenue*
Independent dealer	$	45,776	$	30,251	$	76,027
Government		-		12,010		12,010
Fleet		-		11,723		11,723
Other		-		2,841		2,841
Total revenue	$	45,776	$	56,825	$	102,601

Revenue by timing of acquiring and retaining the existing workforces and expected synergies from integrating the operations into the Company. Due to the limited amount of time since the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Arrowhead, the initial purchase price allocation is preliminaryrevenue recognition was as ~~of September 30, 2017 as the Company has not completed its analysis of working capital,~~ ~~the fair value of inventories, property and equipment, intangible assets and income tax liabilities~~. The Company expects to be able to deduct amortization of goodwill for income tax purposes over a fifteen-year period. The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method, and accordingly, the results of operations are included in the Company’s financial statements from the date of acquisition. ~~From the date of acquisition through September 30, 2017, the Arrowhead assets contributed $3,379 of revenues and ($100) of pre-tax operating loss to the Company.~~follows:

~~On July 15, 2016, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of~~ ~~Dejana Truck & Utility Equipment Company, Inc. and certain entities directly or indirectly owned by Peter Paul Dejana Family Trust Dated 12/31/98 (“Dejana”). Total consideration was $191,544 including a preliminary estimated working capital adjustment of $3,989 that reduced the purchase price at the close of the transaction on July 15, 2016 that was~~

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	*Work Truck Attachments*		*Work Truck Solutions*		*Total Revenue*
Point in time	$	19,246	$	40,720	$	59,966
Over time		-		22,579		22,579
Total revenue	$	19,246	$	63,299	$	82,545

The Company recognized revenue of $1,735 and $349 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which was included in contract liabilities at the beginning of each period.

3.	Credit Losses

The majority of the Company’s accounts receivable are due from distributors of truck equipment and dealers of completed upfit trucks. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of a customer’s financial condition. A receivable is considered past due if payments have not been received within agreed upon invoice terms. Accounts receivable are written off after all collection efforts have been exhausted. The Company takes a security interest in the inventory as collateral for the receivable but often does not have a priority security interest. The Company has short-term accounts receivable at its Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions segments subject to evaluation for expected credit losses. Expected credit losses are estimated based on the loss-rate and probability of default methods. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes the allowance for credit losses based on specific customer circumstances, past events including collections and write-off history, current conditions, and reasonable forecasts about the future. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had an allowance for credit losses on its trade accounts receivable of $1,098 and $432 at its Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions segments, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had an allowance for credit losses on its trade accounts receivable of $1,000 and $366 at its Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions segments, respectively.

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The following ~~unaudited pro forma information presents~~table rolls forward the ~~combined results of operations of the Company~~activity related to credit losses for trade accounts receivable at each segment, and ~~Dejana~~on a consolidated basis for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended September 30, 2016 as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2015, with pro forma adjustments to give effect to amortization of intangible assets, depreciation of fixed assets, an increase in interest expense from the acquisition financing March 31, 2023 and ~~certain other adjustments:~~2022:

	*Balance at December 31, 2022*		*Additions (reductions) charged to earnings*		*Writeoffs*		*Changes to reserve, net*			*Balance at March 31, 2023*
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Work Truck Attachments	$	1,000	$	100	$	-	$	(2	)	$	1,098
Work Truck Solutions		366		75		-		(9	)		432
Total	$	1,366	$	175	$	-	$	(11	)	$	1,530

	*Balance at December 31, 2021*		*Additions charged to earnings*			*Writeoffs*			*Changes to reserve, net*		*Balance at March 31, 2022*
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Work Truck Attachments	$	1,430	$	100		$	-		$	-	$	1,530
Work Truck Solutions		1,540		(25	)		(105	)		2		1,412
Total	$	2,970	$	75		$	(105	)	$	2	$	2,942

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

2016

2016

Net sales
$
129,253

$
364,065

Net income
$
9,921

$
32,601

Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to common shareholders
$
0.44

$
1.45

4.	Fair Value

The unaudited pro forma information above includes the historical financial results of the Company and Dejana, adjusted to record depreciation and intangible asset amortization related to valuation of the acquired tangible and intangible assets at fair value and the addition of incremental costs related to debt to finance the acquisition, and the tax benefits related to the increased costs. This information is presented for information purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s results of operations would have been had the acquisition been in effect for the periods presented or future results.

3.~~Fair Value~~

Fair value is the price at which an asset could be exchanged in a current transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties. A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. Fair value measurements are categorized into one of three levels based on the lowest level of significant input used: Level 1 (unadjusted quoted prices in active markets); Level 2 (observable market inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1)1); and Level 3 (unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data).

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The following table presents financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and discloses the fair value of long-term debt:

	*Fair Value at*		*Fair Value at*
	*March 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2023*		*2022*
Assets:
Non-qualified benefit plan assets (a)	$	9,158	$	8,874
Interest rate swaps (b)		5,134		7,039

Total Assets	$	14,292	$	15,913

Liabilities:
Long-term debt (c)	$	204,953	$	207,737
Total Liabilities	$	204,953	$	207,737

Fair Value at

Fair Value at

September 30,

December 31,

2017

2016
Assets:

Other long-term assets (a)

$
4,634

$
3,458

Total Assets

$
4,634

$
3,458

Liabilities:

Interest rate swaps (b)

$
2,781

$
1,985
Long term debt (c)

312,297

315,940
Earnout - Henderson (d)

553

636
Earnout - Dejana (e)

3,700

10,373
Total Liabilities

$
319,331

$
328,934

(a) Included in ~~other~~Non-qualified benefit plan assets is the cash surrender value of insurance policies on various individuals that are associated with the Company. The carrying amount of these insurance policies approximates their fair value and is considered Level 2 ~~inputs~~. inputs.

(b) Valuation models are calibrated to initial trade price. Subsequent valuations are based on observable inputs to the valuation model (e.g. interest rates and credit spreads). Model inputs are changed only when corroborated by market data. A credit risk adjustment is made on each swap using observable market credit spreads. Thus, inputs used to determine fair value of the interest rate swap are Level 2 inputs. Interest rate swaps of ~~$608~~$3,938 and ~~$2,173~~$1,196 at ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 are included in ~~Accrued expenses~~Prepaid and other current ~~liabilities~~assets and Other long-term ~~liabilities, respectively~~. assets, respectively. Interest rate swaps of ~~$335~~$4,120 and ~~$1,650~~$2,919 at December 31, ~~2016~~2022 are included in ~~Accrued expenses~~Prepaid and other current ~~liabilities~~assets and Other long-term ~~liabilities,~~assets, respectively.

(c) The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt, including current maturities, is based on rates for instruments with comparable maturities and credit quality (Level 2 inputs), and approximates its carrying value. Prior to the Company’s most recent debt refinancing, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt, including current maturities, was estimated using discounted cash flows based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, which iswas a Level 2 ~~input~~ input. See Note 9 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for ~~all periods presented. Meanwhile, long-term~~additional information. Long-term debt is recorded at carrying amount, net of discount and deferred debt issuance costs, as disclosed on the face of the balance sheet.

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5.	Inventories

~~(d)~~ Included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other long term liabilities in the amounts of $111 and $442, respectively, at September 30, 2017 is the fair value of an obligation for a portion of the potential earnout acquired in conjunction with the acquisition of Henderson Enterprise Group, Inc. (“Henderson”). Included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other long term liabilities in the amounts of $235 and $442, respectively, at September 30, 2016 is the fair value of an obligation for a portion of the potential earnout acquired in conjunction with the acquisition of Henderson. Fair value is based upon Level 3 discounted cash flow analysis using key inputs of forecasted future sales as well as a growth rate reduced by the market required rate of return. See reconciliation of liability included below:

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2017

2017

2016

2016

Beginning Balance

$
580

$
636

$
705

$
761
Additions

—

—

—

—
Adjustments to fair value

—

—

—

—
Payment to former owners

(27)

(83)

(28)

(84)
Ending balance

$
553

$
553

$
677

$
677

~~(e)~~ Included in Other long term liabilities in the amount of $3,700 at September 30, 2017 is the fair value of an obligation for a portion of the potential earnout incurred in conjunction with the acquisition of Dejana. Included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other long term liabilities in the amounts of $5,314 and $4,886, respectively, at September 30, 2016 is the fair value of an obligation for a portion of the potential earnout incurred in conjunction with the acquisition of Dejana. Fair value is based upon Level 3 inputs of a real options approach where gross sales were simulated in a risk-neutral framework using Geometric Brownian Motion, a well-accepted model of stock price behavior that is used in option pricing models such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model, using key inputs of forecasted future sales and financial performance as well as a risk adjusted expected growth rate adjusted appropriately based on its correlation with the market. ~~See reconciliation of liability included below:~~

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2017

2017

2016

2016

Beginning Balance

$
4,886

$
10,373

$
—

$
—

Additions

—

—

10,200

10,200

Adjustments to fair value

(1,186)

(1,186)

—

—

Payment to former owners

—

(5,487)

—

—

Ending balance

$
3,700

$
3,700

$
10,200

$
10,200

~~Table of Contents~~

4.~~Inventories~~

Inventories consist of the following:

	*March 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2023*		*2022*

Finished goods	$	115,177	$	67,006
Work-in-process		19,136		19,037
Raw material and supplies		50,270		50,458
	$	184,583	$	136,501

September 30,

December 31,

2017

2016

Finished goods and work-in-process

$
46,183

$
44,047
Raw material and supplies

31,264

26,824

$
77,447

$
70,871

The inventories in the table above do not include truck chassis inventory financed through a floor plan financing agreement, ~~as discussed in Note 6.~~which are recorded separately on the balance sheet. The Company takes title to truck chassis upon receipt of the inventory through its floor plan agreement and performs up-fitting service installations to the truck chassis inventory during the installation period. The floor plan obligation is then assumed by the dealer customer upon delivery. During the fourth quarter of 2021, a separate financing agreement was entered into that does not pass title of the truck chassis upon receipt of the inventory. As a result, most of the floor plan truck chassis previously recorded on the balance sheet fall under this new financing agreement, and only the trucks still covered under the previous floor plan financing agreement remain on the balance sheet. At ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, the Company had ~~$6,034~~$1,213 and ~~$3,939~~$1,211, respectively, of chassis inventory and $1,213 and $1,211 of related floor plan financing obligation, respectively. The Company recognizes revenue associated with up-fitting and service installations net of the truck chassis.

Unlike the floor plan agreement, the Company does not record inventory related to the truck chassis acquired through the bailment pool agreement as these truck chassis are held on consignment. Like the revenue recognized on floor plan arrangement, revenue recognized for up-fitting services on chassis acquired through the bailment agreement are also recognized net

Table of ~~the truck chassis.~~Contents

6.	Property, plant and equipment

5.~~Property, plant and equipment~~

Property, plant and equipment are summarized as follows:

	*March 31,*			*December 31,*
	*2023*			*2022*

Land	$	3,969		$	3,969
Land improvements		5,431			5,431
Leasehold improvements		6,028			5,844
Buildings		36,031			35,858
Machinery and equipment		73,921			75,190
Furniture and fixtures		25,018			24,605
Mobile equipment and other		5,142			4,927
Construction-in-process		4,946			5,272
Total property, plant and equipment		160,486			161,096
Less accumulated depreciation		(93,025	)		(92,436	)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	67,461		$	68,660

September 30,

December 31,

2017

2016

Land

$
2,378

$
2,378
Land improvements

4,357

4,357
Leasehold Improvements

4,096

2,569
Buildings

26,342

26,058
Machinery and equipment

43,928

40,878
Furniture and fixtures

13,207

12,561
Mobile equipment and other

4,600

3,873
Construction-in-process

3,237

3,850
Total property, plant and equipment

102,145

96,524
Less accumulated depreciation

(49,447)

(44,383)
Net property, plant and equipment

$
52,698

$
52,141

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Leases

6.~~Long-Term Debt~~The Company has operating leases for manufacturing and upfit facilities, land and parking lots, warehousing space and certain equipment. The leases have remaining lease terms of less than one year to 13 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 10 years. Such renewal options were not included in the determination of the lease term unless deemed reasonably certain of exercise. The discount rate used in measuring the lease liabilities is based on the Company’s interest rate on its secured Term Loan Credit Agreement. Certain of the Company’s leases contain escalating rental payments based on an index. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

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Lease Expense

The components of lease expense, which are included in Cost of sales and Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), were as follows:

	*Three Months Ended March 31, 2023*		*Three Months Ended March 31, 2022*
Operating lease expense	$	1,394	$	1,399
Short term lease cost	$	178	$	100
Total lease cost	$	1,572	$	1,499

Cash Flow

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

	*Three Months Ended March 31, 2023*		*Three Months Ended March 31, 2022*

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	1,437	$	1,442
Non-cash lease expense - right-of-use assets	$	1,197	$	1,198
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	179	$	46

Balance Sheet

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	*March 31, 2023*			*December 31, 2022*
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	16,414		$	17,432

Other current liabilities		4,888			4,862
Operating lease liabilities		12,951			14,025
Total operating lease liabilities	$	17,839		$	18,887

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in months)		57			59

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		4.70	%		4.69	%

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Lease Maturities

Maturities of leases were as follows:

Year ending December 31,	*Operating Leases*
2023 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2023)	$	4,251
2024		4,873
2025		4,057
2026		2,828
2027		1,560
Thereafter		2,176
Total Lease Payments		19,745
Less: imputed interest		(1,906	)
Total	$	17,839

8.	Other Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of the Company’s other intangible assets:

	*Gross*		*Less*		*Net*
	*Carrying*		*Accumulated*		*Carrying*
	*Amount*		*Amortization*		*Amount*
March 31, 2023
Indefinite-lived intangibles:
Trademark and tradenames	$	77,600	$	-	$	77,600
Amortizable intangibles:
Dealer network		80,000		76,000		4,000
Customer relationships		80,920		38,830		42,090
Patents		21,136		17,308		3,828
Noncompete agreements		8,640		8,640		-
Trademarks		5,459		4,018		1,441
Amortizable intangibles, net		196,155		144,796		51,359
Total	$	273,755	$	144,796	$	128,959

	*Gross*		*Less*		*Net*
	*Carrying*		*Accumulated*		*Carrying*
	*Amount*		*Amortization*		*Amount*
December 31, 2022
Indefinite-lived intangibles:
Trademark and tradenames	$	77,600	$	-	$	77,600
Amortizable intangibles:
Dealer network		80,000		75,000		5,000
Customer relationships		80,920		37,537		43,383
Patents		21,136		16,994		4,142
Noncompete agreements		8,640		8,640		-
Trademarks		5,459		3,995		1,464
Amortizable intangibles, net		196,155		142,166		53,989
Total	$	273,755	$	142,166	$	131,589

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Amortization expense for intangible assets was $2,630 and $2,630 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2023 and each of the succeeding five years is as follows:

2023	$	7,890
2024		7,520
2025		6,075
2026		5,450
2027		5,450
2028		5,450

9.	Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt is summarized below:

	*March 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2023*		*2022*

Term Loan, net of debt discount of $359 and $387 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	$	204,953	$	207,737
Less current maturities		11,137		11,137
Long-term debt before deferred financing costs		193,816		196,600
Deferred financing costs, net		1,518		1,301
Long-term debt, net	$	192,298	$	195,299

September 30,

December 31,

2017

2016

Term Loan, net of debt discount of $1,660 and $1,953 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively

$
311,518

$
313,588
Less current maturities

2,749

2,829
Long term debt before deferred financing costs

308,769

310,759
Deferred financing costs, net

3,415

4,033
Long term debt, net

$
305,354

$
306,726

On ~~February 8, 2017~~ January 5, 2023, the Company entered into ~~an amendment~~that certain Amendment No.1 to ~~its~~Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Commitment Increase Supplement (“Amendment No.1”) by and among the Company, the Borrowers, the financial institutions listed in Amendment No.1 as lenders, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, which amended the Credit Agreement, dated as of June 9, 2021 (as amended by Amendment No.1, the “Credit Agreement”), and pursuant to which, among other things, (i) the Revolving Loan Borrowers exercised a portion of the Revolving Commitment Increase Option (as defined below) and increased the revolving commitment under the Credit Agreement by $50,000 for a total of $150,000 in the aggregate and (ii) the London Interbank Offered Rate pricing option under the Credit Agreement was replaced with a Term SOFR Rate pricing option. Deferred financing costs of $334 are being amortized over the term of the loan.

The Company will be required to pay a fee for unused amounts under the senior secured ~~term loan~~revolving facility ~~(the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”~~in an amount ranging from 0.150% to 0.300% of the average daily unused portion of the senior secured revolving credit facility, depending on Douglas Dynamics, L.L.C.'s ("DDI LLC") ~~to decrease the interest rate margins that apply to the term loan facility from 3.25% to 2.50% for ABR Loans~~Leverage Ratio (as defined in the ~~Term Loan~~ Credit Agreement) ~~and from 4.25% to 3.50% for Eurodollar Rate Loans (as defined in the Term Loan~~. The Credit ~~Agreement), such~~Agreement provides that the senior secured term loan facility ~~generally bears~~will bear interest at (i) the Term SOFR Rate for the applicable interest period plus (ii) a ~~rate of (at~~margin ranging from 1.375% to 2.00%, depending on the ~~Company’s election)~~DDI LLC’s Leverage Ratio. The Credit Agreement provides that the Revolving Loan Borrowers have the option to select whether the senior secured revolving credit facility borrowings will bear interest at either (i) ~~2.50%~~(a) the Term SOFR Rate for the applicable interest period plus (b) 0.10% plus (c) a margin ranging from 1.375% to 2.00%, depending on DDI LLC’s Leverage Ratio, or (ii) a margin ranging from 0.375% to 1.00% per annum, depending on DDI LLC’s Leverage Ratio, plus the greatest of (which if the following would be less than 1.00%, such rate shall be deemed to be 1.00%) (a) the Prime Rate (as defined in the ~~Term Loan~~ Credit Agreement) in effect on such day, (b) the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers plus 0.50% and (c) 1.00% plus the greater of (1) the LIBOR for a one month interest period multiplied by the Statutory ReserveNYFRB Rate (as defined in the ~~Term Loan~~ Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% and ~~(2) 2.00% or (ii) 3.50% per annum~~(c) the Term SOFR Rate for a one month interest plus 0.10% (the “Adjusted Term SOFR Rate”). If the ~~greater of (a) the LIBOR~~Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for the applicable interest period ~~multiplied by~~is less than zero, such rate shall be deemed to be zero for purposes of calculating the ~~Statutory Reserve Rate and (b) 1.00%. Meanwhile~~foregoing interest rates in the ~~discount, principal and tenure of~~Credit Agreement.

Following Amendment No.1, the ~~Company’s Term Loan~~ Credit Agreement ~~has remained unchanged.~~ ~~The amendment to the Term Loan Credit Agreement did not result in~~provides for a significant debt modification under ASC 470-50. Additionally, the Company incurred approximately $932 in costs with third parties directly related to the amendment that the Company expensed as incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

On August 17, 2017 the Company entered into an amendment to the Term Loan Credit Agreement to further decrease the interest rate margins that apply to the term loan facility from 2.50% to 2.00% for ABR Loans (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) and from 3.50% to 3.00% for Eurodollar Rate Loans (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement), such that the senior secured term loan ~~facility generally bears interest at a rate of (at the Company’s election) either (i) 2.00% per annum plus the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate (as defined~~ in the ~~Term Loan Credit Agreement) in effect on such day, (b) the weighted average~~amount of ~~the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers plus 0.50%~~$225,000 and ~~(c) 1.00% plus the greater of (1) the LIBOR for~~ a one month interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) and (2) 2.00% or (ii) 3.00% per annum plus the greater of (a) the LIBOR for the applicable interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate and (b) 1.00%. Meanwhile the discount, principal and tenure of the Company’s Term Loan Credit Agreement has remained unchanged. The amendment to the Term Loan Credit Agreement did not result in a significant debt modification under ASC 470-50. Additionally, the Company incurred approximately $676 in costs with third parties directly related to the amendment that the Company expensed as incurred in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The Term Loan Credit Agreement amortizes in nominal amounts quarterly with the balance payable on December 31, 2021. The Term Loan Credit Agreement also allows the Company to request the establishment of one or more additional term loan commitments in an aggregate amount not in excess of~~$80,000subject to specified terms and conditions, which amount may be further increased so long as the First Lien Debt Ratio (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) is not greater than3.25to 1.00.~~ ~~The Term Loan Credit Agreement~~ ~~permits the Company to enter into floor plan financing arrangements in an aggregate amount not to exceed $20,000 under both the term loan and revolving credit facility.~~

~~The Company’s~~ senior ~~credit facilities also include a $100,000~~secured revolving credit facility ~~(the “Revolving Credit Agreement”) with a group~~in the amount of ~~banks,~~$150,000, of which $10,000 iswill be available in the form of letters of credit and ~~$5,000 is~~

~~Table of Contents~~

$15,000 will be available for the issuance of short-term ~~swing line loans~~.swingline loans. The ~~Revolving~~ Credit Agreement ~~provides that~~also allows the Company ~~has~~to request increases to the ~~option~~revolving commitments and/or incremental term loans in an aggregate amount not in excess of $175,000 (the "Revolving Commitment Increase Option"), subject to select whether borrowings will bear interest at either (i) a margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.00% per annum, depending on the utilization of the facility, plus the LIBOR for the applicable interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) or (ii) a margin ranging from 0.50% to 1.00% per annum, depending on the utilization of the facility, plus the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate ~~(as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement)~~ ~~in effect on such day, (b) the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers plus 0.50%~~specified terms and ~~(c) the LIBOR for a one month interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate plus 1%.~~conditions. The final maturity date ~~for~~of the ~~Revolving~~ Credit Agreement is June ~~30, 2021.~~9, 2026. The Company applied the proceeds of the senior secured term loan facility under the Credit Agreement to refinance its existing senior secured term loan and revolving credit facilities and for the payment of transaction consideration and expenses in connection with the Credit Agreement.

Table of Contents

The ~~Term Loan~~ Credit Agreement ~~was originally issued at a $1,900 discount and the incremental term loan used to fund the Dejana acquisition on July 15, 2016~~ was issued at a ~~$650~~$563 discount ~~both of~~ which ~~are~~is being amortized over the term of the term loan. Additionally, deferred financing costs of $1,409 are being amortized over the term of the loan. The Company’s entrance into the Credit Agreement and subsequent settlement of its prior credit agreements is accounted for as an extinguishment of the Company’s prior debt under ASC 470-50, which resulted in the write off of unamortized capitalized deferred financing costs of $972 as well as the write off of unamortized debt discount of $3,964, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $4,936 in the Consolidated Statement Operations and Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2021.

At ~~September 30, 2017,~~March 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding borrowings under ~~the~~ ~~Term Loan Credit Agreement~~its term loan of ~~$311,518, and~~$204,953, $52,000 in outstanding borrowings ~~of $23,000~~ on ~~the Revolving Credit Agreement~~its revolving credit facility, and remaining borrowing availability of ~~$74,186.~~$97,450. At December 31, ~~2016,~~2022, the Company had outstanding borrowings under ~~the Term Loan Credit Agreement~~its term loan of ~~$313,588,~~ $207,737, no outstanding borrowings on ~~the Revolving Credit Agreement at December 31, 2016~~its revolving credit facility, and remaining borrowing availability of ~~$89,664.~~ $99,450.

The ~~Company’s senior credit facilities include certain~~Credit Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and negative and ~~operating~~affirmative covenants, ~~including restrictions on its ability to pay dividends, and other~~as well as customary ~~covenants, representations and warranties and~~ events of ~~default. The senior credit facilities entered into~~default and ~~recorded by the Company’s subsidiaries significantly restrict its subsidiaries from paying dividends and otherwise transferring assets to Douglas Dynamics, Inc. The terms~~certain cross default provisions that could result in acceleration of the ~~Revolving~~ Credit Agreement specifically restrict subsidiaries from paying dividends if a minimum availability under the Revolving Credit Agreement is not maintained, and both senior credit facilities restrict subsidiaries from paying dividends above certain levels or at all if an event of default has occurred. These restrictions would affect the Company indirectly since the Company relies principally on distributions from its subsidiaries to have funds available for the payment of dividends.Agreement. In addition, the ~~Revolving~~ Credit Agreement ~~includes~~requires the Company to have a ~~requirement that, subject~~Leverage Ratio of not more than 3.50 to ~~certain exceptions, capital expenditures may not exceed $12,500 in~~1.00 as of the last day of any ~~calendar year~~ (plus the unused portion of permitted capital expenditures from the preceding year subject to a $12,500 cap and a separate one-time $15,000 capital expenditures to be used for the consolidation of facilities and costs associatedfiscal quarter commencing with the ~~acquiring and/or development~~ fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021, and ~~construction~~to have a Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of ~~one new manufacturing facility)~~ ~~and, if certain minimum availability under~~not less than 3.00 to 1.00 as of the ~~Revolving Credit Agreement is not maintained, that the Company comply with a monthly minimum fixed charge coverage ratio test~~last day of ~~1.0:1.0. Compliance~~any fiscal quarter commencing with the ~~fixed charge coverage ratio test is subject to certain cure rights under the Revolving Credit Agreement. At September~~fiscal quarter ending June 30, ~~2017,~~2021. As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the respective covenants. ~~The credit facilities are collateralized by substantially all assets of the Company.~~

~~In accordance with~~ On June 13, 2019, the senior credit facilities, the Company is required to make additional principal prepayments over the above scheduled payments under certain conditions. This includes, in the case of the term loan facility, 100% of the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales, certain insurance or condemnation events, certain debt issuances, and, within 150 days of the end of each fiscal year, 50% of consolidated excess cash flow including a deduction for certain distributions (which percentage is reduced to 0% upon the achievement of certain leverage ratio thresholds), for such fiscal year. Consolidated excess cash flow is defined in the senior credit facilities as consolidated adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) plus a consolidated working capital adjustment, less the sum of repayments of debt and capital expenditures (subject to certain adjustments), interest and taxes paid in cash, management fees and certain restricted payments (including certain dividends or distributions). Consolidated working capital adjustment is defined in the senior credit facilities as the change in working capital, defined as current assets, excluding cash and cash equivalents, less current liabilities, excluding the current portion of long term debt. As of September 30, 2017, the Company was not required to make an excess cash flow payment.

~~The~~ Company entered into an interest rate swap ~~agreements on February 20, 2015~~agreement to reduce its exposure to interest rate volatility. The ~~three~~ interest rate swap ~~agreements have~~has a notional ~~amounts~~amount of ~~$45,000, $90,000 and $135,000~~$175,000 effective for the ~~periods December~~period May 31, ~~2015~~ 2019 through ~~March 29, 2018, March 29, 2018 through March~~May 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020 through June 30, 2021, respectively. The interest rate swaps’ negative fair value at September 30, 2017 was $2,781, of which $608 and $2,173 are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other

~~Table of Contents~~

long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively. Meanwhile, the interest rate swaps’ negative fair value at December 31, 2016 was $1,985, of which $335 and $1,650 are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively. 2024. The Company may have counterparty credit risk resulting from the interest rate swap, which it monitors on an on-going basis. ~~This~~The risk lies with one global financial institution. Under the interest rate swap agreement, ~~effective as of December 31, 2015,~~ the Company will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between ~~6.105%~~2.495% and ~~LIBOR plus 4.25% (with~~LIBOR. The interest rate swap was previously accounted for as a ~~LIBOR floor~~cash flow hedge. During the first quarter of ~~1.0%)~~2020, the swap was determined to be ineffective. As a result, the swap was dedesignated on March 19, 2020, and the remaining losses included in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets would be amortized into interest expense on a straight-line basis through the life of the swap. The amount amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was ($291) and ($291), respectively. A mark-to-market adjustment of $119 and $119 was recorded as Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the swap.

On June 9, 2021, in conjunction with entering into the Credit Agreement described above, the Company re-designated its swap. As a result, the swap will be recorded at fair value with changes recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The amortization from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings from the previous dedesignation has been adjusted as of June 9, 2021 to include the de-recognition of previously recognized mark-to-market gains and the amortization of the off-market component as of the re-designation date, and will continue to be recognized through the life of the swap. The amount expected to be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings in the next twelve months is $687.

On May 19, 2022, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to further reduce its exposure to interest rate volatility. The interest rate swap has a notional amount of $125,000 effective for the period May 31, 2024 through June 9, 2026. The Company may have counterparty credit risk resulting from the interest rate swap, which it monitors on an on-going basis. The risk lies with two global financial institutions. Under the interest rate swap agreement, ~~effective as of March 29, 2018,~~ the Company will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between ~~6.916%~~2.718% and ~~LIBOR plus 4.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%). Under the~~SOFR. The interest rate swap ~~agreement, effective~~is accounted for as a cash flow hedge.

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The interest rate swaps' positive fair value at March 31, ~~2020, the Company will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based~~2023 was $5,134, of which $3,938 and $1,196 are included in Prepaid and other current assets and Other long-term assets on the ~~differential between 7.168%~~Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively. The interest rate swaps' positive fair value at December 31, 2022 was $7,039, of which $4,120 and ~~LIBOR plus 4.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%).~~$2,919 are included in Prepaid and other current assets and Other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively.

The Company receives on consignment, truck chassis on which it performs up-fitting service installations under “bailment pool” arrangements with major truck manufacturers. The Company never receives title to the truck chassis. The aggregate value of all bailment pool chassis on hand as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were $15,447 and $22,420, respectively. The Company is responsible to the manufacturer for interest on chassis held for up-fitting. Interest rates vary depending on the number of days in the bailment pool. As of September 30, 2017, rates were based on prime plus a margin ranging from 0% to 8%. During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company incurred $52 and $187 in interest on the bailment pool arrangement, respectively. During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company incurred $25 in interest on the bailment pool arrangement.

The Company has a floor plan line of credit for up to $20,000 with a financial institution. The terms of the line of credit are contained in a credit agreement dated July 15, 2016 and expired on July 31, 2017, which the Company has renewed through December 31, 2018. Under the floor plan agreement the Company receives truck chassis and title on up-fitting service installations. Upon up-fit completion, the title transfers from the Company to the dealer customer. The note bears interest at an adjusted LIBOR rate, plus an applicable rate of 1.75%. The obligation under the floor plan agreement was $6,034 and $3,939 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company incurred $52 and $134 in interest on the floor plan arrangements, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company incurred $56 in interest on the floor plan arrangements.

10.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

7.~~Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities~~

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are summarized as follows:

	*March 31,*		*December 31,*
	*2023*		*2022*

Payroll and related costs	$	5,108	$	10,805
Employee benefits		8,486		8,863
Accrued warranty		4,090		4,558
Other		4,402		6,258
	$	22,086	$	30,484

September 30,

December 31,

2017

2016

Payroll and related costs

$
7,104

$
8,731
Employee benefits

4,947

5,179
Accrued warranty

3,364

3,535
Earnout - Dejana (current)

-

5,487
Other

5,334

4,393

$
20,749

$
27,325

11.

Warranty Liability

8.~~Warranty Liability~~

The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs as sales are recognized and periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liability and adjusts the amount as necessary. The Company’s warranties generally provide, with respect to its snow and ice control equipment, that all material and workmanship will be free from defect for a period of two years after the date of purchase by the end-user, and with respect to its parts

~~Table of Contents~~

and accessories purchased separately, that such parts and accessories will be free from defect for a period of one year after the date of purchase by the end-user. All of the Company’s warranties are assurance-type warranties. Certain snowplows only provide for a one year warranty. The Company determines the amount of the estimated warranty costs (and its corresponding warranty reserve) based on the Company’s prior five years of warranty history utilizing a formula driven by historical warranty expense and applying management’s judgment. The Company adjusts its historical warranty costs to take into account unique factors such as the introduction of new products into the marketplace that do not provide a historical warranty record to assess. The warranty reserve ~~is $5,817~~was $6,817 at ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023, of which ~~$2,453~~$2,727 is included in Other ~~long term~~long-term liabilities and ~~$3,364~~$4,090 is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The warranty reserve was ~~$6,160~~$7,876 at December 31, ~~2016~~ 2022, of which ~~$2,625~~$3,318 is included in Other ~~long term~~long-term liabilities and ~~$3,535~~$4,558 is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Table of Contents

The following is a rollforward of the Company’s warranty liability:

	*Three Months Ended*
	*March 31,*			*March 31,*
	*2023*			*2022*

Balance at the beginning of the period	$	7,876		$	6,368
Warranty provision		464			841
Claims paid/settlements		(1,523	)		(1,758	)
Balance at the end of the period	$	6,817		$	5,451

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2017

2016

2017

2016

Balance at the beginning of the period

$
5,575

$
6,297

$
6,160

$
7,423
Establish warranty provision for acquired companies

-

35

65

35
Warranty provision

615

750

2,178

1,940
Claims paid/settlements

(373)

(572)

(2,586)

(2,888)
Balance at the end of the period

$
5,817

$
6,510

$
5,817

$
6,510

12.

Loss per Share

9.~~Employee Retirement Plans~~

~~The components of net periodic pension cost consist of the following:~~

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2017

2016

2017

2016

Component of net periodic pension cost:

Service cost

$
89

$
80

$
267

$
241
Interest cost

403

410

1,209

1,229
Expected return on plan assets

(448)

(456)

(1,344)

(1,368)
Amortization of net loss

181

181

543

543
Net periodic pension cost

$
225

$
215

$
675

$
645

The Company estimates its total required minimum contributions to its pension plans in 2017 will be $216. Through September 30, 2017, the Company has made $655 of cash contributions to the pension plans versus $711 through the same period in 2016.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Components of net periodic other postretirement benefit cost consist of the following:~~

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2017

2016

2017

2016

Component of periodic other postretirement benefit cost:

Service cost

$
51

$
52

$
153

$
158
Interest cost

70

69

210

209
Amortization of net gain

(27)

(31)

(81)

(95)
Net periodic other postretirement benefit cost

$
94

$
90

$
282

$
272

~~10.Earnings per Share~~

Basic ~~earnings~~loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net ~~income~~loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share of common stock is computed by dividing net ~~income~~loss by the weighted average number of common shares, using the ~~two-class~~two-class method. As the Company has granted ~~restricted stock units (“RSUs”)~~RSUs that both participate in dividend equivalents and do not participate in dividend equivalents, the Company has calculated earnings per share pursuant to the ~~two-class~~two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed ~~earnings.~~losses. Under this method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common shares and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends. Diluted net ~~income~~loss per share is calculated by dividing net ~~income~~loss attributable to common stockholders ~~as adjusted for the effect of dilutive non-participating securities,~~ by the weighted average number of common stock and dilutive common stock outstanding during the period. Potential common shares in the diluted net ~~earnings~~loss per share computation are excluded to the extent that they would be anti-dilutive. Weighted average of potentially dilutive non-participating RSU's were 0 and 5,194 in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

	*Three Months Ended*
	*March 31,*			*March 31,*
	*2023*			*2022*
*Basic loss per common share*
Net loss	$	(13,110	)	$	(3,908	)
Less income allocated to participating securities		-			-
Net loss allocated to common shareholders	$	(13,110	)	$	(3,908	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding		22,906,845			22,982,538
	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.18	)

*Loss per common share assuming dilution*
Net loss	$	(13,110	)	$	(3,908	)
Less income allocated to participating securities		-			-
Net loss allocated to common shareholders	$	(13,110	)	$	(3,908	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding		22,906,845			22,982,538
Incremental shares applicable to non-participating RSUs		-			-
Weighted average common shares assuming dilution		22,906,845			22,982,538
	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.18	)

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2017

2016

2017

2016
Basic earnings per common share

Net income

$
9,327

$
7,302

$
20,796

$
28,908
Less income allocated to participating securities

117

101

268

390
Net income allocated to common shareholders

$
9,210

$
7,201

$
20,528

$
28,518
Weighted average common shares outstanding

22,590,897

22,501,640

22,571,560

22,473,642

$
0.41

$
0.32

$
0.91

$
1.27

Earnings per common share assuming dilution

Net income

$
9,327

$
7,302

$
20,796

$
28,908
Less income allocated to participating securities

117

101

268

390
Net income allocated to common shareholders

$
9,210

$
7,201

$
20,528

$
28,518
Weighted average common shares outstanding

22,590,897

22,501,640

22,571,560

22,473,642
Incremental shares applicable to non-participating RSUs

14,024

-

10,942

-
Weighted average common shares assuming dilution

22,604,921

22,501,640

22,582,502

22,473,642

$
0.40

$
0.32

$
0.90

$
1.26

In May 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders adopted the 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the ~~“2010~~“2010 Plan”). The ~~Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment and restatement of the 2010 Plan on March 5, 2014, contingent on stockholder approval~~material terms of the performance goals under the 2010 Plan, as amended and ~~the amendment and restatement became effective upon stockholder approval of the performance goals~~restated, were approved by stockholders at the Company’s 2014 annual meeting of stockholders ~~held on April 30, 2014.~~and the plan’s term was extended further by the stockholders at the Company’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders. The 2010 Plan provides for the issuance of nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), any of which may be performance-based, and for incentive bonuses, which may be paid in cash or stock or a combination of both, to eligible employees, officers, non-employee directors and other service providers to the Company and its subsidiaries. A maximum of 2,130,000 shares of common stock may be issued pursuant to all awards under the 2010 Plan.

Equity awards issued to management include a retirement provision under which members of management who either (1) are age 65 or older or (2) have at least ten years of service and are at least age 55 will continue to vest in unvested equity awards upon retirement. The retirement provision also stipulates that the employee remain employed by the Company for six months after the first day of the fiscal year of the grant. As the retirement provision does not qualify as a substantive service condition, the Company incurred $1,020 and $923 in the in three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in additional expense for employees who meet the thresholds of the retirement provision. In 2013, the Company’s Nominating and Governance Committee of its Board of Directors approved a retirement provision for the RSUs issued to non-employee directors that accelerates the vesting of such awards upon retirement. Such awards are fully expensed immediately upon grant in accordance with ASC 718, as the retirement provision eliminates substantive service conditions associated with the awards.

The Company ~~granted~~grants performance share units as ~~performance based~~performance-based awards under the 2010 Plan ~~in the first quarter of 2017~~ that are subject to performance ~~conditions.~~conditions over a three year performance period beginning in the year of the grant. Upon meeting the prescribed performance conditions, ~~in the first quarter of the year subsequent to grant,~~ employees will be issued ~~RSUs, a portion of~~shares which ~~will be subject to vesting over the two years following~~vest immediately at the end of the ~~performance~~measurement period. In accordance with ASC 718, such awards are being expensed over the vesting period from the date of grant through the requisite service period, based upon the most probable outcome. The fair value per share of the awards is the closing stock price on the date of grant, which was ~~$33.60.~~$37.36. The Company recognized ~~$451~~($417) and ~~$380~~$659 of compensation expense related to the awards in the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~ March 31, 2023 and ~~September 30, 2016,~~2022, respectively. ~~The Company recognized $1,121 and $886 of compensation expense related to the awards in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016,~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~respectively.~~ The unrecognized compensation expense calculated under the fair value method for shares that were, as of ~~September 30, 2017,~~March 31, 2023 expected to be earned through the requisite service period was approximately ~~$819~~$5,074 and is expected to be recognized through ~~2020.~~2026.

Restricted Stock Unit Awards

RSUs are granted to both non-employee directors and management. RSUs do not carry voting rights. While all non-employee director RSUs participate in dividend equivalents, there are two classes of management RSUs, one ~~for executives~~ that ~~participate~~participates in dividend equivalents, and a second ~~for non-executives~~ that do does not participate in dividend equivalents. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock and is subject to ~~time based~~time-based vesting restrictions. Participants are not required to pay any consideration to the Company at either the time of grant of a RSU or upon vesting.

~~RSUs issued to management include a retirement provision under which members~~

Table of management who either (1) are age 65 or older or (2) have at least ten years of service and are at least age 55 will continue to vest in unvested RSUs upon retirement. As the retirement provision does not qualify as a substantive service condition, the Company incurred $619 and $528 in additional expense in the first quarter of 2017 and 2016, respectively, for employees who meet the thresholds of the retirement provision. In 2013, the Company’s nominating and governance committee approved a retirement provision for the RSUs issued to non-employee directors that accelerates the vesting of such RSUs upon retirement. Such awards are fully expensed immediately upon grant in accordance with ASC 718, as the retirement provision eliminates substantive service conditions associated with the awards.

Contents

A summary of RSU activity for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 is as follows:

						*Weighted*
				*Weighted*		*Average*
				*Average*		*Remaining*
				*Grant Date*		*Contractual*
	*Shares*			*Fair value*		*Term (in years)*

Unvested at December 31, 2022		111,264		$	41.89		1.76
Granted		106,764		$	40.81		1.29
Vested		(79,592	)	$	44.47		-
Cancelled and forfeited		(178	)	$	34.74		-

Unvested at March 31, 2023		138,258		$	39.58		1.76

Expected to vest in the future at March 31, 2023		135,251		$	39.58		1.76

Weighted

Weighted

Average

Average

Remaining

Grant Date

Contractual

Shares

Fair value

Term

Unvested at December 31, 2016

47,790

$
20.31

0.96
years
Granted

127,750

$
24.15

0.34
years
Vested

(127,531)

$
22.94

Cancelled and forfeited

-

$
-

Unvested at September 30, 2017

48,009

$
23.56

1.00
years

Expected to vest in the future at September 30, 2017

48,009

$
23.56

1.00
years

The Company recognized ~~$191~~$1,374 and ~~$142~~$1,241 of compensation expense related to the RSU awards in the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~ March 31, 2023 and ~~September 30, 2016, respectively. The Company recognized $1,628 and $1,372 of compensation expense related to the RSU awards in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016,~~2022, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense calculated under the fair value method for shares that were, as of ~~September 30, 2017,~~March 31, 2023, expected to be earned through the requisite service period was approximately ~~$536~~$3,578 and is expected to be recognized through ~~2020.~~2026.

For grants to non-employee directors, vesting occurs as of the grant date. Vested director RSUs are ‘‘settled’’ by the delivery to the participant or a designated brokerage firm of one share of common stock per vested RSU as soon as reasonably practicable following a termination of service of the participant that constitutes a separation from service, or as soon as reasonably practicable upon grant if such election is made by the non-employee director, and in all events no later than the end of the calendar year in which such termination of service occurs or, if later, two and ~~one-half~~one-half months after such termination of service. Vested management RSUs are “settled” by the delivery to the participant or a designated brokerage firm of one share of common stock per vested RSU as soon as reasonably practicable following vesting.

14.

Commitments and Contingencies

~~Table of Contents~~

~~12.Commitments and Contingencies~~

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is engaged in various litigation including product liability and intellectual property disputes. However, the Company does not believe that any pending litigation will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position. In addition, the Company is not currently a party to any environmental-related claims or legal matters.

15.

~~13.~~ Segments

The Company operates through two operating segments for which separate financial information is available, and for which operating results are evaluated regularly by the Company's chief operating decision maker in determining resource allocation and assessing performance. Prior to the acquisition of Dejana on July 15, 2016, the Company operated one operating segment and one reportable business segment which consisted of the manufacture and sale of snow and ice control products. The Company’s two ~~current~~ reportable business segments are ~~described below.~~as follows:

Work Truck Solutions.The Work Truck Solutions segment ~~which was created as a result of~~includes manufactured municipal snow and ice control products under the ~~Dejana acquisition, includes~~HENDERSON® brand and the up-fit of market leading attachments and storage solutions ~~for commercial work vehicles~~ under the HENDERSON® brand, and the DEJANA® brand and its related sub-brands.

Separate financial information is available for the two reportable segments. In addition, segment results include an allocation of all corporate costs to Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions.

Table of Contents

Segment performance is evaluated based on segment net sales and ~~operating income. Items not allocated to segment operating income~~Adjusted EBITDA. Segment results include an allocation of all corporate ~~administrative expenses and certain other amounts.~~ costs. No single customer’s revenues amounted to 10% or more of ~~our~~the Company’s total revenue. Sales are primarily within the United States and substantially all assets are located within the United States.

~~Table of Contents~~

Three Months Ended

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2017

2016

2017

2016

Net sales

Work Truck Attachments
$
98,002

$
100,448

$
247,088

$
262,860

Work Truck Solutions

32,243

27,107

96,767

27,107

Corporate & Eliminations

(4,906)

(3,982)

(6,897)

(3,842)

$
125,339

$
123,573

$
336,958

$
286,125

Selling, general, and administrative expense

Work Truck Attachments
$
7,378

$
8,005

$
22,780

$
23,047

Work Truck Solutions

2,997

2,934

11,309

2,934

Corporate & Eliminations

2,718

4,822

10,985

12,005

$
13,093

$
15,761

$
45,074

$
37,986

Income from operations

Work Truck Attachments
$
23,105

$
24,077

$
52,186

$
62,577

Work Truck Solutions

1,784

(377)

5,143

(377)

Corporate & Eliminations

(4,924)

(7,212)

(12,660)

(15,737)

$
19,965

$
16,488

$
44,669

$
46,463

Depreciation Expense

Work Truck Attachments
$
1,366

$
1,359

$
4,085

$
4,012

Work Truck Solutions

408

209

1,086

209

Corporate & Eliminations

32

49

112

149

$
1,806

$
1,617

$
5,283

$
4,370

Assets

Work Truck Attachments
$
471,163

$
484,261

Work Truck Solutions

215,669

203,403

Corporate & Eliminations

7,238

12,398

$
694,070

$
700,062

Capital Expenditures

Work Truck Attachments
$
1,470

$
1,645

$
3,560

$
6,439

Work Truck Solutions

600

645

1,656

645

Corporate & Eliminations

-

-

-

-

$
2,070

$
2,290

$
5,216

$
7,084

All intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation. Sales between Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions reflect the Company’s intercompany pricing policy. The following table shows summarized financial information concerning the Company’s reportable segments:

	*Three Months Ended*			*Three Months Ended*
	*March 31,*			*March 31,*
	*2023*			*2022*
Net sales
Work Truck Attachments	$	19,246		$	45,776
Work Truck Solutions		63,299			56,825
	$	82,545		$	102,601
Adjusted EBITDA
Work Truck Attachments	$	(10,231	)	$	3,044
Work Truck Solutions		2,857			1,592
	$	(7,374	)	$	4,636
Depreciation and amortization expense
Work Truck Attachments	$	3,338		$	3,189
Work Truck Solutions		2,019			2,000
	$	5,357		$	5,189
Assets
Work Truck Attachments	$	387,909		$	357,438
Work Truck Solutions		197,379			193,022
	$	585,288		$	550,460
Capital Expenditures
Work Truck Attachments	$	932		$	1,138
Work Truck Solutions		536			218
	$	1,468		$	1,356

Adjusted EBITDA
Work Truck Attachments	$	(10,231	)	$	3,044
Work Truck Solutions		2,857			1,592
Total Adjusted EBITDA	$	(7,374	)	$	4,636
Less items to reconcile Adjusted EBITDA to Loss before taxes:
Interest expense - net		2,864			2,113
Depreciation expense		2,727			2,559
Amortization		2,630			2,630
Stock based compensation		957			1,900
Other charges (1)		74			359
Loss before taxes	$	(16,626	)	$	(4,925	)

(1)

Reflects unrelated legal, severance, restructuring, consulting fees, and incremental costs incurred related to the COVID-19 pandemic for the periods presented.

~~14.Income Taxes~~

Table of Contents

16.

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate was 21.1% and 20.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was higher than the prior year periods due to discrete tax expense of $148 in the three months ended March 31, 2023 versus discrete tax expense of $93 in the three months ended March 31, 2022 related to excess tax from stock compensation.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The largest item affecting deferred taxes is the difference between book and tax amortization of goodwill and other intangibles amortization. The Company’s effective tax rate was 38.1% and 38.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate was 33.9% and 37.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was relatively flat when compared to the same period in 2016. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is lower than the corresponding period in 2016 due to the release of the reserve for uncertain tax positions and for excess stock compensation benefit recognized, slightly offset by changes in state deferred income tax rates.

17.

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component

~~Table of Contents~~

~~15.Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component~~

Changes to accumulated other comprehensive ~~loss~~income (loss) by component for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 are as follows:

	*Unrealized*
	*Net Gain (Loss)*			*Retiree*
	*on Interest*			*Health*
	*Rate*			*Benefit*
	*Swap*			*Obligation*			*Total*
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	6,115		$	3,013		$	9,128
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		(871	)		—			(871	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): (1)		(665	)		(53	)		(718	)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	4,579		$	2,960		$	7,539

(1) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Amortization of Other Postretirement Benefit items:
Actuarial gains	$	(72	)
Tax expense		19
Reclassification net of tax	$	(53	)

Realized gains on interest rate swaps reclassified to interest expense	$	(899	)
Tax expense		234
Reclassification net of tax	$	(665	)

Unrealized

Net Loss

Retiree

on Interest

Health

Rate

Benefit

Pension

Swap

Obligation

Obligation

Total
Balance at December 31, 2016

$
(1,195)

$
937

$
(6,414)

$
(6,672)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications

(656)

—

—

(656)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss: (1)

164

(50)

336

450
Balance at September 30, 2017

$
(1,687)

$
887

$
(6,078)

$
(6,878)
(1) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss:

Amortization of Other Postretirement Benefit items:

Actuarial gains (a)

(81)

Tax expense

31

Reclassification net of tax

$
(50)

Amortization of pension items:

Actuarial losses (a)

543

Tax benefit

(207)

Reclassification net of tax

$
336

Realized losses on interest rate swaps reclassified to interest expense

264

Tax benefit

(100)

Reclassification net of tax

$
164

(a) These components are included in the computation of benefit plan costs in Note 9.

Table of Contents

Changes to accumulated other comprehensive ~~loss~~income (loss) by component for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2022, are as follows:

	*Unrealized*
	*Net Gain (Loss)*			*Retiree*
	*on Interest*			*Health*
	*Rate*			*Benefit*
	*Swap*			*Obligation*			*Total*
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	(3,524	)	$	2,471		$	(1,053	)
Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications		3,517			—			3,517
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): (1)		762			(41	)		721
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	755		$	2,430		$	3,185

(1) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Amortization of Other Postretirement Benefit items:
Actuarial gains	$	(55	)
Tax expense		14
Reclassification net of tax	$	(41	)

Realized losses on interest rate swaps reclassified to interest expense	$	1,030
Tax benefit		(268	)
Reclassification net of tax	$	762

Unrealized

Net Loss

Retiree

on Interest

Health

Rate

Benefit

Pension

Swap

Obligation

Obligation

Total
Balance at December 31, 2015

$
(937)

$
1,048

$
(6,294)

$
(6,183)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications

(1,967)

-

-

(1,967)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss: (1)

181

(59)

337

459
Balance at September 30, 2016

$
(2,723)

$
989

$
(5,957)

$
(7,691)
(1) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss:

Amortization of Other Postretirement Benefit items:

Actuarial gains (a)

(95)

Tax expense

36

Reclassification net of tax

$
(59)

Amortization of pension items:

Actuarial losses (a)

543

Tax benefit

(206)

Reclassification net of tax

$
337

Realized losses on interest rate swaps reclassified to interest expense

292

Tax benefit

(111)

Reclassification net of tax

$
181

~~(a)~~

~~These components are included in the computation of benefit plan costs in Note 9..~~

~~16. Recent Accounting Pronouncements~~

~~In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU~~ ~~No. 2016-02~~ ~~Leases: Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. ASU 2016-02~~ ~~increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements.~~ ~~ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2019.~~ ~~In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach.~~ The Company is in the process of analyzing the impact of the guidance on its inventory of lease contracts and currently intends to adopt the standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company expects this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon recognition of the lease liability and right-of-use asset for lease contracts which are currently accounted for as operating leases.

~~In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~ (Topic 606)", which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. This ASU is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant

~~In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)2017-04, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment~~” (“ASU 2017-04”). This standard simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, which required a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Under the new guidance, the amount of goodwill impairment will be determined by the amount the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value. ASU 2017-04 is required to be applied on a prospective basis. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not impact the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, as no triggering events or indicators of potential impairment were identified during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The standard requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside of operating profit. The standard is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Prior periods are required to be recast. We will adopt this standard as of January 1, 2018. Net periodic benefit cost for pensions and other postretirement benefits for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $957 and $917 of which $420 and $399, respectively, related to service cost.

~~In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting~~” (“ASU 2017-09”). This standard clarifies when to account for a change in the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award changes as a result of a change in terms or conditions. No other changes were made to the current guidance on stock compensation. ASU 2017-09 is required to be applied on a prospective basis. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 effective April 1, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not impact the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

~~Table of Contents~~

Item 2.~~Management’s~~ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes which are included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the information contained in our Form 10-K (Commission File No. 001-34728) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context indicates otherwise: ~~“Douglas~~“Douglas Dynamics,” the ~~“Company,~~“Company,” ~~“we,~~“we,” ~~“our,~~“our,” or ~~“us”~~“us” refer to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain ~~“forward-looking statements”~~“forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the ~~“Exchange Act”~~“Exchange Act”). These statements include information relating to future events, product demand, the payment of dividends, future financial performance, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, regulation and availability of financial resources. These statements are often identified by use of words such as ~~“anticipate,~~“anticipate,” ~~“believe,~~“believe,” ~~“intend,~~“intend,” ~~“estimate,~~“estimate,” ~~“expect,~~“expect,” ~~“continue,~~“continue,” ~~“should,~~“should,” ~~“could,~~“could,” ~~“may,~~“may,” ~~“plan,~~“plan,” ~~“project,~~“project,” ~~“predict,~~“predict,” ~~“will”~~“will” and similar expressions and include references to assumptions and relate to our future prospects, developments and business strategies. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to: (i) weather conditions, particularly lack of or reduced levels of snowfall and the timing of such ~~snowfall;~~snowfall, including as a result of global climate change; (ii) ~~a significant decline in~~our ability to manage general economic, ~~conditions;~~business and geopolitical conditions, including the impacts of natural disasters, adverse developments affecting the banking and financial services industries, pandemics and outbreaks of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments, such as the COVID-19 pandemic (iii) our inability to maintain good relationships with the original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”) with whom we currently do significant business; (iv) ~~lack~~the inability of ~~available~~our suppliers and OEM partners to meet our volume or ~~favorable financing options for our end-users, distributors or customers;~~quality requirements; (v) increases in the price of steel or other materials, including as a result of tariffs or inflationary conditions, necessary for the production of our products that cannot be passed on to our distributors; (vi) increases in the price of ~~fuel;~~ fuel or freight, (vii) the effects of laws and regulations (including those enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic) and their interpretations on our business and financial condition, including policy or regulatory changes related to climate change; (viii) a significant decline in economic conditions, including as a result of global health epidemics such as COVID-19; (ix) our inability to maintain good relationships with our distributors; (x) lack of available or favorable financing options for our ~~suppliers and original equipment manufacturer partners to meet our volume~~end-users, distributors or ~~quality requirements; (viii)~~customers; (xi) inaccuracies in our estimates of future demand for our products; ~~(ix)~~(xii) our inability to protect or continue to build our intellectual property portfolio; ~~(x)~~(xiii) the effects of laws and regulations and their interpretations on our business and financial condition; ~~(xi)~~(xiv) our inability to develop new products or improve upon existing products in response to end-user needs; ~~(xii)~~(xv) losses due to lawsuits arising out of personal injuries associated with our products; ~~(xiii)~~(xvi) factors that could impact the future declaration and payment of ~~dividends; (xiv)~~dividends or our ability to execute repurchases under our stock repurchase program; (xvii) our inability to compete effectively against competition; (xviii) our inability to successfully execute our acquisition strategy; and ~~(xv)~~(xix) our inability to achieve the projected financial performance with the ~~business of Henderson, which we acquired in 2014 , or the~~ assets of Dejana, which we acquired in 2016 and unexpected costs or liabilities related to such ~~acquisitions,~~acquisition, as well as those discussed in the sections entitled ~~“Risk Factors”~~“Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, if any, or in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. In addition, the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date hereof and we undertake no obligation, except as required by law, to update or release any revisions to any forward-looking statement, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Table of Contents

Results of Operations

The ~~Company operates through~~Company’s two reportable business segments are as ~~described below.~~follows:

Work Truck Attachments. The Work Truck Attachments segment includes commercial snow and ice management attachments sold under the FISHER®, WESTERN®~~, HENDERSON®~~ and SNOWEX® ~~brands.~~brands, as well as our vertically integrated products. This segment consists of our operations that ~~prior to our acquisition of Dejana, were our single operating segment, consisting of the~~ manufacture and ~~sale of~~sell snow and ice control products. As described under “Seasonality and ~~Year-To Year~~Year-To-Year Variability,” the Work Truck Attachments Segment is seasonal and, as a result, its results of operations can vary from quarter-to-quarter and from year-to-year.

~~Table of Contents~~

Work Truck Solutions.The Work Truck Solutions segment ~~which was created as a result of~~ includes manufactured municipal snow and ice control products under the ~~Dejana acquisition, includes~~HENDERSON® brand and the ~~premier truck~~ up-fit of market leading attachments and storage solutions ~~for commercial work vehicles~~ under the HENDERSON® brand, and the DEJANA® brand and its related sub-brands.

~~Because the Work Truck Solutions~~In addition, segment ~~consists only~~results include an allocation of ~~the assets of Dejana that were acquired on July 15, 2016, and the assets of Arrowhead that were acquired on May 1, 2017, results from periods prior~~all corporate costs to ~~the acquisition of Dejana are solely attributable to the~~ Work Truck Attachments ~~segment~~ and ~~we therefore continue~~Work Truck Solutions.

Market Pressures and COVID-19

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the market volatility, labor shortages, inflationary pressures, especially around the price of steel, and other economic implications associated with the pandemic and the economic and regulatory measures enacted to ~~report~~contain its spread, our results of operations ~~from such periods~~were impacted in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and may be significantly impacted in future quarters. See below for further discussion of the impact to our financial statements. We are not able to predict the full impact of the pandemic and related market conditions and pressures on our future financial results as the situation remains unpredictable, but the pandemic and market pressures have had and are likely to continue to have a ~~consolidated basis. As a result, all references to~~material impact on our results of operations for the ~~third quarter~~year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, results have been and may continue to be impacted in future quarters due to supply chain constraints and inflation stemming from the pandemic and other market pressures, including the conflict in Ukraine, including constraints around chassis and other component parts, inflation in materials and freight, and labor availability. In consideration of ~~2016~~the COVID-19 pandemic and other market pressures, including the conflict in Ukraine, we expect that cash on hand and cash we generate from operations, as well as available credit under our senior credit facilities, will provide adequate funds for the ~~Work Truck Solutions segment refer~~foreseeable future. We are taking appropriate steps to mitigate the ~~period from July 16, 2016 to September 30, 2016 following~~effects of the ~~Dejana acquisition. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information concerning individual segment performance.~~pandemic and other market pressures where possible.

Overview

The following table sets forth, for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2016,~~2022, the consolidated statements of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the table below and throughout this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” consolidated statements of operations data for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2016~~2022 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements. The information contained in the table below should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2017

2016

2017

2016

(unaudited)

(unaudited)

(in thousands)

(in thousands)

Net sales

$
125,339

$
123,573

$
336,958

$
286,125
Cost of sales

89,284

86,929

238,683

193,829
Gross profit

36,055

36,644

98,275

92,296
Selling, general, and administrative expense

13,093

15,761

45,074

37,986
Intangibles amortization

2,997

4,395

8,532

7,847
Income from operations

19,965

16,488

44,669

46,463
Interest expense, net

(4,860)

(4,518)

(14,348)

(10,253)
Litigation proceeds

-

-

1,275

10,050
Other expense, net

(24)

(97)

(132)

(230)
Income before taxes

15,081

11,873

31,464

46,030
Income tax expense

5,754

4,571

10,668

17,122
Net income

$
9,327

$
7,302

$
20,796

$
28,908

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,			March 31,
	2023			2022
	(unaudited)
	(in thousands)

Net sales	$	82,545		$	102,601
Cost of sales		71,270			81,537
Gross profit		11,275			21,064
Selling, general, and administrative expense		22,442			21,373
Intangibles amortization		2,630			2,630
Loss from operations		(13,797	)		(2,939	)
Interest expense, net		(2,864	)		(2,113	)
Other income, net		35			127
Loss before taxes		(16,626	)		(4,925	)
Income tax benefit		(3,516	)		(1,017	)
Net loss	$	(13,110	)	$	(3,908	)

The following table sets forth for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2016,~~2022, the percentage of certain items in our ~~condensed consolidated statement~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~operations,~~Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), relative to net sales:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,			March 31,
	2023			2022
	(unaudited)
Net sales		100.0	%		100.0	%
Cost of sales		86.3	%		79.5	%
Gross profit		13.7	%		20.5	%
Selling, general, and administrative expense		27.2	%		20.8	%
Intangibles amortization		3.2	%		2.6	%
Loss from operations		(16.7	)%		(2.9	)%
Interest expense, net		(3.5	)%		(2.1	)%
Other income, net		-	%		-	%
Loss before taxes		(20.2	)%		(5.0	)%
Income tax benefit		(4.3	)%		(1.0	)%
Net loss		(15.9	)%		(4.0	)%

Net Sales

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2017

2016

2017

2016

(unaudited)
(unaudited)

Net sales

100.0
%
100.0
%

100.0
%
100.0
%
Cost of sales

71.2
%
70.3
%

70.8
%
67.7
%
Gross profit

28.8
%
29.7
%

29.2
%
32.3
%
Selling, general, and administrative expense

10.4
%
12.8
%

13.4
%
13.3
%
Intangibles amortization

2.4
%
3.6
%

2.5
%
2.7
%
Income from operations

16.0
%
13.3
%

13.3
%
16.3
%
Interest expense, net

(3.9)
%
(3.7)
%

(4.3)
%
(3.6)
%
Litigation proceeds

-
%
-
%

0.4
%
3.5
%
Other expense, net

-
%
-
%

-
%
(0.1)
%
Income before taxes

12.1
%
9.6
%

9.4
%
16.1
%
Income tax expense

4.6
%
3.7
%

3.2
%
6.0
%
Net income

7.5
%
5.9
%

6.2
%
10.1
%

~~Net Sales~~

Net sales were ~~$125.3~~$82.5 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 compared to ~~$123.6~~$102.6 million in the three months ended ~~September 30, 2016, an increase~~March 31, 2022, a decrease of ~~$1.7 million,~~$20.1, or ~~1.4%~~19.6%. ~~Net~~The decrease in sales ~~were $337.0 million~~ for the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $286.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of $50.9 million or 17.8%. While net sales in the three month period ended September 30, 2017 were relatively flatMarch 31, 2023 compared to the same period ~~last year, there~~in 2022 is a result of lower volumes at our Work Truck Attachments segment attributable to low snowfall during the snow season ended in March 2023. See below for a discussion of net sales for each of our segments.

Table of Contents

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	March 31,		March 31,
	2023		2022
Net sales
Work Truck Attachments	$	19,246	$	45,776
Work Truck Solutions		63,299		56,825
	$	82,545	$	102,601

Net sales at our Work Truck Attachments segment were ~~offsetting changes across~~$19.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $45.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $26.6 million. The decrease in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to low snowfall in our ~~two reporting segments. Namely, net~~core markets leading to lower volumes. The most recent snow season ended March 2023 was approximately 14% below the 10-year average. In particular, many large metropolitan areas on the East Coast saw the lowest snowfall levels in decades for the season, which significantly impacted volumes for the segment in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Net sales at our Work Truck Solutions segment increased $5.1 million, resulting from the segment generating net sales over the entire three month period in 2017, compared to the period following July 15, 2016, when the Work Truck Solutions segment was created following the acquisition of Dejana. Meanwhile, net sales at our Work Truck Attachments segment decreased $2.4 million due primarily to below average levels of snowfall in the snow season ending March 31, 2017. Net sales increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to the increase in net sales at our Work Truck Solutions segment of $69.7 million, resulting from the timing of the Dejana acquisition compared to the same period last year. Work Truck Attachments segment net sales decreased $15.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, due primarily to below average levels of snowfall in the snow season ending March 31, 2017.

~~Cost of Sales~~

~~Cost of sales was $89.3~~were $63.3 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 compared to ~~$86.9~~$56.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $6.5 million. The increase in sales for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was a result of improved volumes, as well as price increase realization.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales was $71.3 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2016, an increase of $2.4 million, or 2.8%.~~ ~~Cost of sales was $238.7~~March 31, 2023 compared to $81.5 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2017 compared to $193.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, an increase~~March 31, 2022, a decrease of ~~$44.9~~$10.2 million or ~~23.2%~~12.5%. The ~~increase~~decrease in cost of sales for ~~both~~ the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 compared to the ~~corresponding periods~~same period in ~~2016~~the prior year was driven by the ~~addition of cost~~lower volumes at Work Truck Attachments. Cost of sales ~~attributable~~as a percentage of sales were 86.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 79.5% for the ~~Work Truck Solutions segment that resulted from the Dejana acquisition as discussed above under “—Net Sales.”~~three months ended March 31, 2022. The ~~Company experienced higher~~increase in cost of sales as a percentage of sales ~~of 71.2%~~ for the three month period ended September 30, 2017 compared to 70.3% for the three month period ended September 30, 2016. The Company experienced higher cost of sales as a percentage of sales of 70.8% for the nine month period ended September 30, 2017 compared to 67.7% for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016. For both the three and nine months ended ~~September 30, 2017 cost of sales as percentage of net sales increased as a result of increasing marginal production costs~~March 31, 2023 was due to the lower volumes at ~~our~~ Work Truck ~~Attachments segment due to decreased volume. Also contributing to the increase is a lower margin channel mix in Work Truck Solutions. As a percentage of sales, cost of sales are higher in~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~our Work Truck Solutions segment than historically experienced by our Work Truck Attachments segment, also contributing to the increase.~~ Additionally, the Company experienced favorable commodity pricing, namely steel, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, while commodity prices returned to normal in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Attachments.

Gross Profit

Gross profit was ~~$36.1~~$11.3 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 compared to ~~$36.6~~$21.1 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2022, a decrease of ~~$0.5~~$9.8 million, or ~~1.4%~~46.4%. ~~Gross~~The change in gross profit ~~was $98.3 million for~~is attributable to the ~~nine months ended September~~ 30~~, 2017 compared to $92.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of $6.0 million, or 6.5%. Gross profit increased for the nine month period due to increased~~changes in sales as discussed above under ~~“-Net~~“—Net Sales.” As a percentage of net sales, gross profit decreased from ~~29.7%~~20.5% for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2022 to ~~28.8%~~13.7% for the corresponding period in ~~2017.~~ ~~As a percentage of net sales, gross profit decreased from 32.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to 29.2% for the corresponding period in 2017.~~ 2023. The reasons for the ~~decrease~~change in gross profit as a percentage of net sales are the same as those relating to the ~~increase~~changes in cost of sales as a percentage of sales discussed above under “—Cost of Sales.”

Table of Contents

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangibles amortization, were ~~$16.1~~$25.1 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017,~~March 31, 2023 compared to ~~$20.2~~$24.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, a decrease of $4.1 million, or 20.3%. Selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangibles amortization, were $53.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $45.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2022, an increase of ~~$7.8~~$1.1 million, or ~~17.0%~~4.6%. ~~See the following summary of Selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangibles amortization by segment:~~

Three Months Ended

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2017

2016

2017

2016

Selling, general, and administrative expense

Work Truck Attachments
$
7,378

$
8,005

$
22,780

$
23,047

Work Truck Solutions

2,997

2,934

11,309

2,934

Corporate & Eliminations

2,718

4,822

10,985

12,005

$
13,093

$
15,761

$
45,074

$
37,986

Intangibles amortization

Work Truck Attachments
$
1,726

$
1,725

$
5,178

$
5,177

Work Truck Solutions

1,271

2,670

3,354

2,670

Corporate & Eliminations

-

-

-

-

$
2,997

$
4,395

$
8,532

$
7,847

Selling, general, and administrative expense including intangibles amortization

Work Truck Attachments
$
9,104

$
9,730

$
27,958

$
28,224

Work Truck Solutions

4,268

5,604

14,663

5,604

Corporate & Eliminations

2,718

4,822

10,985

12,005

$
16,090

$
20,156

$
53,606

$
45,833

~~Table of Contents~~

The ~~decrease~~increase in the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 is related to increased salaries and benefits as a result of inflation, travel expenditures, as well as other discretionary spending as spending was driven by a decrease in acquisition expenses of $1.9 million at Corporate, a decrease in intangible amortization expense at Work Truck Solutions of $1.7 million resulting from fully amortizing the order backlog acquiredlower in the Dejana acquisition, and a decrease in discretionary spending due to low snowfall in the season ending March 31, 2017 at Work Truck Attachments. Additionally contributing to the decrease in the three months ended September 30, 2017 is $1.2 million in earnout reversal at Work Truck Solutions related to the Dejana acquisition. The increase in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were driven by our Work Truck Solutions segment incurring $14.7 millionfirst quarter of ~~ongoing selling, general and administrative expenses in the period, compared to $5.6 million in the corresponding period in the prior year,~~2022 due to the ~~timing~~impact of the ~~acquisition in the prior year. Slightly offsetting the increase in the nine months ended September 30, 2017~~Omicron variant of COVID-19.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was a decrease in discretionary spending due to low snowfall in the season ending March 31, 2017 at Work Truck Attachments, lower acquisition related expenses incurred at Corporate, and $1.2 million in earnout reversal at Work Truck Solutions related to the Dejana acquisition.

~~Income from operations~~

~~Income from operations was $20.0~~$2.9 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023, an increase compared to ~~$16.5 million for~~ the ~~three months ended September 30, 2016 an increase of $3.5 million, or 21.2%. Income from operations was $44.7 million for the nine months ended~~ ~~September 30~~, 2017 compared to $46.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a decrease of $1.8 million, or 3.9%. Income from operations at our Work Truck Attachments segment was $52.2 million for the nine months ended ~~September 30~~, 2017 compared to $62.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a decrease of $10.4 million, or 16.6%. Income from operations at our Work Truck Solutions segment was $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. ~~The changes in income from operations for the three and nine months ended September~~ ~~30, 2017~~ ~~was driven by the factors described above under “— Net Sales,” “—Cost of Sales,” and “— Selling, General and Administrative Expense.”~~

~~Interest Expense~~

~~Interest expense was $4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, which was higher than the $4.5~~$2.1 million incurred in the same period in the prior year. ~~Interest expense was $14.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 which was higher than the $10.3 million incurred in the same period in the prior year.~~ The increase in interest expense for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 was due to ~~the payment~~higher interest on our revolver of ~~financing costs of $0.7~~$0.3 million to refinance the Term Loan Credit Agreement to decrease the interest rate margins that apply to the term loan facility, which was completed in August of 2017. The increase in interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was due to the incremental $130.0 million in borrowings under the Company’s term loan used to finance the Dejana acquisition. Additionally, the Company incurred $1.6 million of interest expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to the ~~amendments to its Term Loan Credit Agreement to decrease the interest rate margins that apply to the term loan facility, which were completed in February 2017 and August 2017.~~

~~Litigation Proceeds~~

~~Litigation proceeds were $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to~~ ~~a settlement related to the successful conclusion of a patent infringement lawsuit against Meyer Products, LLC.~~ ~~There were no litigation proceeds~~ in the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017 or September 30, 2016.~~ ~~Litigation proceeds were $10.0~~March 31, 2023, due to having higher revolver borrowings during the quarter compared to the prior year. In addition, the increase in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was due higher interest on our term loan of $0.3 million related to higher interest rates. See Note 9 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate was 21.1% and 20.6% for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was higher than the prior year periods due to ~~a settlement~~ discrete tax expense of $0.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 versus discrete tax expense of $0.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 related to ~~the successful conclusion of a patent infringement lawsuit against~~ ~~Buyers Products Company. Under the settlement agreement, the Company received a payment of $10.0 million.~~excess tax from stock compensation.

~~Income Taxes~~

Net Loss

Net loss for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate~~March 31, 2023 was 33.9% and 37.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 20, 2017 was relatively flat when compared to the same period in 2016. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September

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30, 2017 is lower than the corresponding period in 2016 due to the release of the reserve for uncertain tax positions and for excess stock compensation benefit recognized, slightly offset by changes in state deferred income tax rates in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

~~Net Income~~

~~Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $9.3~~($13.1) million, compared to a net ~~income~~loss of ~~$7.3~~($3.9) million for the corresponding period in ~~2016,~~2022, an increase of $9.2 million. The change in net income of $2.0 million. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $20.8 million, compared to net income of $28.9 million for the corresponding period in 2016, a decrease in net income of $8.1 million. ~~The increase in net income~~loss for the three months ended ~~September~~ ~~30, 2017~~ ~~and the decrease in net income in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were~~March 31, 2023 was driven by the factors described above under “— Net Sales,” “—Cost of Sales,” “— Selling, General and Administrative Expense,” and “—~~Litigation Proceeds.~~ Income Taxes.” As a percentage of net sales, net ~~income~~loss was ~~7.5%~~(15.9%) for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 compared to ~~5.9%~~(4.0%) for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2016. As a percentage of net sales, net income was 6.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 10.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.~~ March 31, 2022.

~~Adjusted EBITDA~~

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $24.2 million compared to $25.1 million in the corresponding period in 2016, a decrease of $0.9 million. Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $60.6 million compared to $64.0 million in the corresponding period in 2016, a decrease of $3.4 million. ~~For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017, the decrease in Adjusted EBITDA is attributable to the factors described aboveunder “— Net Sales” and “— Cost of Sales.”~~

Discussion of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

~~For a discussion of~~There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies ~~please see the disclosure included~~and estimates previously disclosed in our Form 10-K (Commission File No. 001-34728) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation — Critical Accounting ~~Policies.~~Policies and Estimates.”

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of cash have been, and we expect will continue to be, cash from operations and borrowings under our senior credit facilities.

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Our primary uses of cash are to provide working capital, meet debt service requirements, finance capital expenditures, pay dividends under our dividend policy and support our growth, including through potential acquisitions, and for other general corporate purposes. For a description of the seasonality of our working capital rates see “—Seasonality and ~~Year‑To‑Year~~Year-To-Year Variability.”

Our Board of Directors has adopted a dividend policy that reflects an intention to distribute to our stockholders a regular quarterly cash dividend. The declaration and payment of these dividends to holders of our common stock is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends upon many factors, including our financial condition and earnings, legal requirements, taxes and other factors our Board of Directors may deem to be relevant. The terms of our indebtedness may also restrict us from paying cash dividends on our common stock under certain circumstances. As a result of this dividend policy, we may not have significant cash available to meet any large unanticipated liquidity requirements. As a result, we may not retain a sufficient amount of cash to fund our operations or to finance unanticipated capital expenditures or growth opportunities, including acquisitions. Our Board of Directors may, however, amend, revoke or suspend our dividend policy at any time and for any reason.

On February 16, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $50.0 million in shares of common stock at market value. This authorization does not have an expiration date. Repurchases under the program may be made in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, with the amount and timing of repurchases depending on market conditions and corporate needs. The Company may also, from time to time, enter into Rule 10b5-1 trading plans to facilitate repurchases of its shares under this authorization. This program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of shares and the program may be extended, modified, suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion.

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As of ~~September 30, 2017,~~March 31, 2023, we had ~~$75.7~~$100.4 million of total liquidity, comprised of ~~$1.5~~$2.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and $97.5 million of borrowing availability ~~of $74.2 million~~ under our revolving credit facility, compared with total liquidity as of December 31, ~~2016~~2022 of approximately ~~$108.3~~$120.2 million, comprised of approximately ~~$18.6~~$20.7 million in cash and cash equivalents and borrowing availability of approximately ~~$89.7~~$99.5 million under our revolving credit facility. The ~~decrease~~change in our total liquidity from December 31, ~~2016~~2022 is primarily due to the seasonality of our ~~business. Borrowing availability under~~business, as well as an increase of $50.0 million in the borrowing capacity of our revolving credit facility ~~is governed by~~as a ~~borrowing base, the calculation of which includes cash on hand. Accordingly, use of cash on hand may also~~ result in a reduction in the amount available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility. Furthermore, our revolving credit facility requires us to maintain at least $10.5 million of borrowing availability and 15% of the ~~aggregate revolving commitments at the time of determination.~~January 5, 2023 amendment; see Note 9 for additional information. We have taken various steps to preserve liquidity, including reducing discretionary spending and deferring payments where appropriate within existing contractual terms, while remaining committed to long-term growth projects. We expect that cash on hand and cash we generate from operations, as well as available credit under our senior credit facilities, will provide adequate funds for the ~~purposes described~~primary uses of cash we describe above for ~~at least~~ the ~~next 12 months.~~foreseeable future. From time to time, we may seek additional funding through the issuance of debt or equity securities to provide additional liquidity to fund acquisitions aligned with our strategic priorities and for other general corporate purposes.

The following table shows our cash and cash equivalents, net accounts receivable and inventories in thousands at ~~September 30, 2017,~~March 31, 2023, December 31, ~~2016~~2022 and ~~September 30, 2016.~~March 31, 2022.

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,
	2023		2022		2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,900	$	20,670	$	8,212
Accounts receivable, net		48,223		86,765		43,058
Inventories		184,583		136,501		143,839

As of

September 30,

December 31,

September 30,

2017

2016

2016
Cash and cash equivalents

$
1,482

$
18,609

$
303
Inventories

77,447

70,871

71,607

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We had cash and cash equivalents of ~~$1.5~~$2.9 million at ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 compared to cash and cash equivalents of ~~$18.6~~$20.7 million and ~~$0.3~~$8.2 million at December 31, ~~2016~~2022 and ~~September 30, 2016,~~March 31, 2022, respectively. The table below sets forth a summary of the significant sources and uses of cash for the periods presented in thousands.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,			March 31,						%
Cash Flows (in thousands)	2023			2022			Change			Change

Net cash used in operating activities	$	(56,916	)	$	(25,993	)	$	(30,923	)		119.0	%
Net cash used in investing activities		(2,748	)		(2,198	)		(550	)		25.0	%
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		41,894			(561	)		42,455			(7567.7	)%
Change in cash	$	(17,770	)	$	(28,752	)	$	10,982			(38.2	)%

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

%

Cash Flows (in thousands)

2017

2016

Change

Change

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

$
(669)

$
11,211

$
(11,880)

(106.0)
%
Net cash used in investing activities

(12,601)

(183,011)

170,410

(93.1)
%
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

(3,857)

135,259

(139,116)

(102.9)
%
Decrease in cash

$
(17,127)

$
(36,541)

$
19,414

53.1
%

Net cash ~~provided by~~used in operating activities ~~decreased $11.9~~increased $30.9 million from the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2016~~March 31, 2022 to the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2017.~~March 31, 2023. The ~~decrease~~increase in cash ~~provided by~~used in operating activities was due to a $12.2 million increase in net loss adjusted for reconciling items, as well as unfavorable changes in working capital of ~~$7.8 million and by a $4.1 million decrease in net income adjusted for reconciling items.~~$18.8 million. The largest unfavorable ~~change~~changes in working capital ~~was driven by~~were a decrease in accounts payable attributable to the timing of supplier payments, as well as an increase in ~~cash used in income tax receivables and inventory. The increase in income tax receivables is~~inventory due to a ~~result~~higher level of being less profitable in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Meanwhile the increase in cash used in inventory is a result of increased inventoryfinished goods at Work Truck Solutions. Also affecting net cash provided by operating activities is the decrease in net income attributable to litigation proceeds, where $10.0 million of litigation proceeds were included in incomeAttachments, as inventory in the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared~~prior year was affected by production disruptions related to ~~$1.3 million~~the Omicron variant of COVID-19, as well as the pulling forward of purchases in ~~the nine months ended September 30, 2017.~~anticipation of inflationary price increases and supply chain disruptions, and higher material costs due to inflation.

Net cash used in investing activities ~~decreased $170.4~~increased $0.6 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2017,~~March 31, 2023 when compared to the corresponding period in ~~2016.~~ ~~This decrease was primarily~~2022 due to ~~the $175.9 million in cash payments that occurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to the acquisition~~a higher level of Dejana. Slightly offsetting this decrease was the $7.4 million in cash payments that occurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to the acquisition of Arrowhead. Also contributing to the decrease was a $1.9 million decrease in capital ~~expenditures~~

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in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the corresponding period in 2016, due to the Company reducing discretionary spending following the below average snowfall in the snow season ending March 31, 2017.expenditures.

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities ~~decreased $139.1~~increased $42.5 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 as compared to the corresponding period in ~~2016.~~2022. The ~~decrease~~increase in cash provided was ~~primarily a result of the~~ ~~non-recurrence of $129.4 million in borrowings on long-term debt used to fund the Dejana acquisition in 2016.~~ ~~Additionally, the decrease is due to a $5.5 million earnout payment~~ related to ~~Dejana that occurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Further, the decrease is due to a $3.0~~having $52.0 million ~~decrease~~ in revolver borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2023 compared to $12.0 million in revolver borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2022. See Note 9 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. In addition, the ~~nine~~increase in cash provided is an increase related to executing no stock repurchases in the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023, compared to $3.0 million in repurchases in the ~~corresponding~~same period in ~~2016 due to changes in working capital needs.~~the prior year.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 was ($~~16.1)~~59.7) million compared to ($~~19.4)~~28.2) million in the corresponding period in ~~2016,~~2022, a decrease of $31.5 million. The decrease in free cash ~~used of $3.3 million.~~ ~~Cash~~ ~~used in operating activities decreased from ($17.1) million~~flow for the three months ended September 30, 2016 to ($14.0) million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as discussed above under “Liquidity and Capital Resources.” Free cash flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was ($5.9) million compared to $4.1 million in the corresponding period in 2016, a decrease in cash provided of $10.0 million. T~~he decrease in free cash flow~~March 31, 2023 is primarily a result of ~~lower~~higher cash ~~provided by~~used in operating activities of ~~$11.9~~$30.9 million as discussed above under “Liquidity and Capital Resources.” ~~Meanwhile, acquisitions of property and equipment also decreased from $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.~~

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains financial information calculated other than in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

These non-GAAP measures include:

●

·Free cash flow; and

~~Free cash flow; and~~

●

Adjusted ~~EBITDA.~~EBITDA; and

●

Adjusted net income and earnings per share.

These non-GAAP disclosures should not be construed as an alternative to the reported results determined in accordance with GAAP.

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Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure which we define as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities less capital expenditures. Free cash flow should be evaluated in addition to, and not considered a substitute for, other financial measures such as net income and cash flow provided by (used in) operations. We believe that free cash flow represents our ability to generate additional cash flow from our business operations.

The following table reconciles net cash ~~provided by~~used in operating activities, a GAAP measure, to free cash flow, a non-GAAP measure.

									Three Months Ended
									March 31,			March 31,
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				2023			2022
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		(In Thousands)
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(In Thousands)				(In Thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	(14,006)	$	(17,079)	$	(669)	$	11,211
Net cash used in operating activities									$	(56,916	)	$	(25,993	)
Acquisition of property and equipment		(2,070)		(2,290)		(5,216)		(7,084)		(2,748	)		(2,198	)
Free cash flow	$	(16,076)	$	(19,369)	$	(5,885)	$	4,127	$	(59,664	)	$	(28,191	)

Adjusted EBITDA represents net income before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as further adjusted for certain charges consisting of unrelated legal and consulting fees, severance, restructuring charges, stock-based compensation, ~~litigation proceeds and~~ certain non-cash purchase accounting ~~expenses.~~expenses, impairment charges, expenses related to debt modifications, loss on extinguishment of debt, and incremental costs incurred in 2022 related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such COVID-19 related costs include increased expenses directly related to the pandemic, and do not include either production related overhead inefficiencies or lost or deferred sales. We believe these costs are out of the ordinary, unrelated to our business and not representative of our results. We use, and we believe our investors benefit from the presentation

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of, Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating our operating performance because it provides us and our investors with additional tools to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our core operations. In addition, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors and other external users of our consolidated financial statements in evaluating our operating performance as compared to that of other companies, because it allows them to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and book value of assets and liabilities, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired. Our management also uses Adjusted EBITDA for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and financial projections. Management also uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our ability to make certain payments, including dividends, in compliance with our senior credit facilities, which is determined based on a calculation of “Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA” that is substantially similar to Adjusted EBITDA.

Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool. As a result, you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for net income, operating income, cash flow from operating activities or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

●

·Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

●

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect ~~our~~changes in, or cash ~~expenditures or future~~ requirements for, our working capital ~~expenditures or contractual commitments;~~needs;

●

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect ~~changes~~the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our indebtedness;

●

Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in orthe future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for ~~our working capital needs;~~such replacements;

●

·Other companies, including other companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure; and

●

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect ~~the interest expense,~~tax obligations whether current or ~~the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our indebtedness;~~

deferred.

Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;

~~Other companies, including other companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure; and~~

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~~Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect tax obligations whether current or deferred.~~

The following table presents a reconciliation of net ~~income,~~loss, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted EBITDA as well as the resulting calculation of Adjusted EBITDA for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2016:~~2022:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,			March 31,
	2023			2022
	*(in thousands)*
Net loss	$	(13,110	)	$	(3,908	)

Interest expense, net		2,864			2,113
Income tax benefit		(3,516	)		(1,017	)
Depreciation expense		2,727			2,559
Amortization		2,630			2,630
EBITDA		(8,405	)		2,377

Stock-based compensation expense		957			1,900
Other charges (1)		74			359
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(7,374	)	$	4,636

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2017

2016

2017

2016

(in thousands)

(in thousands)
Net income

$
9,327

$
7,302

$
20,796

$
28,908

Interest expense, net

4,860

4,518

14,348

10,253
Income tax expense

5,754

4,571

10,668

17,122
Depreciation expense

1,806

1,617

5,283

4,370
Amortization

2,997

4,395

8,532

7,847
EBITDA

24,744

22,403

59,627

68,500

Stock-based compensation expense

642

522

2,750

2,258
Litigation proceeds

-

-

(1,275)

(10,050)
Purchase accounting (1)

(1,186)

(58)

(1,186)

74
Other charges (2)

(41)

2,221

728

3,239
Adjusted EBITDA

$
24,159

$
25,088

$
60,644

$
64,021

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(1)

Reflects ~~$1,186 in reversal of earnout compensation~~unrelated legal, severance, restructuring, consulting fees, and incremental costs incurred related to ~~Dejana in~~ the three and nine months ended September 30 2017. Reflects ($183) in earnout compensation benefit related to TrynEx in the three months ended September 30, 2016 and ($51) in earnout compensation benefit related to TrynEx in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Reflects $125 in inventory step-up related to Dejana included in cost of sales in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.

~~(2)~~

~~Reflects expenses of ($41) and $2,221 for unrelated legal and consulting fees~~COVID-19 pandemic for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively and expenses of $728 and $3,239 for unrelated legal and consulting fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively.

periods presented.

The following table presents Adjusted EBITDA by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended
	March 31,			March 31,
	2023			2022
Adjusted EBITDA
Work Truck Attachments	$	(10,231	)	$	3,044
Work Truck Solutions		2,857			1,592
	$	(7,374	)	$	4,636

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~~Contractual Obligations~~

~~We amended~~Adjusted EBITDA at our ~~Term Loan Credit Agreement in August 2017 as included in Note 6~~Work Truck Attachments segment was ($10.2) million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to ~~the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statement. There have been no other material changes to our contractual obligations~~$3.0 million in the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017.~~March 31, 2022, a decrease of $13.2 million. The change in the three months ended March 31, 2023 from the corresponding period in 2022 was due to low snowfall in our core markets leading to lower volumes. The most recent snow season ended March 2023 was approximately 14% below the 10-year average. In particular, many large metropolitan areas on the East Coast saw the lowest snowfall levels in decades for the season, which significantly impacted volumes for the segment in the three months ended March 31, 2023

Adjusted EBITDA at our Work Truck Solutions segment was $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $1.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $1.3 million. The change in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was due to improved volumes and slightly favorable product mix, as well as price increase realization.

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~~Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements~~Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted Earnings (Loss) Per Share (calculated on a diluted basis) represents net income (loss) and earnings (loss) per share (as defined by GAAP), excluding the impact of stock based compensation, severance, restructuring charges, certain non-cash purchase accounting adjustments, impairment charges, expenses related to debt modifications, loss on extinguishment of debt, certain charges related to unrelated legal fees and consulting fees, incremental costs incurred in 2022 related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and adjustments on derivatives not classified as hedges, net of their income tax impact. Such COVID-19 related costs include increased expenses directly related to the pandemic, and do not include either production related overhead inefficiencies or lost or deferred sales. We believe these costs are out of the ordinary, unrelated to our business and not representative of our results. Adjustments on derivatives not classified as hedges are non-cash and are related to overall financial market conditions; therefore, management believes such costs are unrelated to our business and are not representative of our results. Management believes that Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted Earnings (Loss) Per Share are useful in assessing the Company’s financial performance by eliminating expenses and income that are not reflective of the underlying business performance. We believe that the presentation of adjusted net income (loss) for the periods presented allows investors to make meaningful comparisons of our operating performance between periods and to view our business from the same perspective as our management. Because the excluded items are not predictable or consistent, management does not consider them when evaluating our performance or when making decisions regarding allocation of resources.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted net loss as well as a reconciliation of diluted loss per share, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,			March 31,
	2023			2022
	*(in thousands)*
Net loss (GAAP)	$	(13,110	)	$	(3,908	)
Adjustments:
- Stock-based compensation		957			1,900
- Adjustments on derivative not classified as hedge (1)		(172	)		(172	)
- Other charges (2)		74			359
Tax effect on adjustments		(215	)		(522	)

Adjusted net loss (non-GAAP)	$	(12,466	)	$	(2,343	)

Weighted average common shares outstanding assuming dilution		22,906,845			22,982,538

Adjusted loss per common share - dilutive	$	(0.55	)	$	(0.11	)

GAAP diluted loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.18	)
Adjustments net of income taxes:
- Stock-based compensation		0.03			0.06
- Adjustments on derivative not classified as hedge (1)		-			-
- Other charges (2)		-			0.01

Adjusted diluted loss per share (non-GAAP)		(0.55	)		(0.11	)

(1)	Reflects mark-to-market and amortization adjustments on an interest rate swap not classified as a hedge for the periods presented.

(2)	Reflects unrelated legal, severance, restructuring, consulting fees, and incremental costs incurred related to the COVID-19 pandemic for the periods presented.

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~~We are not party~~Future Obligations and Commitments

There have been no material changes to ~~any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have~~our future obligations and commitments in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Impact of Inflation

Inflation in materials and labor had a material ~~current or future effect~~impact on our ~~financial condition, changes~~profitability in ~~financial condition, revenues, expenses, results~~the three months ended March 31, 2023 and we expect ongoing inflationary pressures may also impact our profitability in the remainder of ~~operations, liquidity, capital expenditures~~2023. While we anticipate being able to fully cover this inflation by raising prices, there may be a timing difference of when we incur the increased costs and when we realize the higher prices in our backlog. In 2022 and in previous years, including in 2019, as a result of inflationary pressures due to tariffs, we experienced significant increases in steel costs, but were able or ~~capital resources.~~expect to be able to mitigate the effects of these increases through both temporary and permanent steel surcharges; we expect, but cannot be certain, that we will be able to do the same going forward.

Seasonality and Year-to-Year Variability

~~Our~~While our Work Truck Solutions segment has limited seasonality and variability, our Work Truck Attachments segment is seasonal and also varies from year-to-year. Consequently, our results of operations and financial condition for this segment vary from quarter-to-quarter and from year-to-year as well. In addition, because of this seasonality and variability, the results of operations for our Work Truck Attachments segment and our consolidated results of operations for any quarter may not be indicative of results of operations that may be achieved for a subsequent quarter or the full year, and may not be similar to results of operations experienced in prior years. That being the case, while snowfall levels vary within a given year and from year-to-year, snowfall, and the corresponding replacement cycle of snow and ice control equipment manufactured and sold by our Work Truck Attachments segment, is relatively consistent over multi-year periods.

Sales of our Work Truck Attachments products are significantly impacted by the level, timing and location of snowfall, with sales in any given year and region most heavily influenced by snowfall levels in the prior snow season (which we consider to begin in October and end in March) in that region. This is due to the fact that end-user demand for our Work Truck Attachments products is driven primarily by the condition of their snow and ice control equipment, and in the case of professional snowplowers, by their financial ability to purchase new or replacement snow and ice control equipment, both of which are significantly affected by snowfall levels. Heavy snowfall during a given winter causes usage of our Work Truck Attachments products to increase, resulting in greater wear and tear to our products and a shortening of their life cycles, thereby creating a need for replacement commercial snow and ice control equipment and related parts and accessories. In addition, when there is a heavy snowfall in a given winter, the increased income our professional snowplowers generate from their professional snowplow activities provides them with increased purchasing power to purchase replacement commercial snow and ice control equipment prior to the following winter. To a lesser extent, sales of our Work Truck Attachments products are influenced by the timing of snowfall in a given winter. Because an early snowfall can be viewed as a sign of a heavy upcoming snow season, our end-users may respond to an early snowfall by purchasing replacement snow and ice control equipment during the current season rather than delaying purchases until after the season is over when most purchases are typically made by end-users.

We attempt to manage the seasonal impact of snowfall on our revenues in part through our pre-season sales program, which involves actively soliciting and encouraging pre-season distributor orders in the second and third quarters by offering our Work Truck Attachments distributors a combination of pricing, payment and freight incentives during this period. These pre-season sales incentives encourage our Work Truck Attachments distributors to re-stock their inventory during the second and third quarters in anticipation of the peak fourth quarter retail sales period by offering pre-season pricing and payment deferral until the fourth quarter. As a result, we tend to generate our greatest volume of sales (an average of over two-thirds over the last ten years) for the Work Truck Attachments segment during the second and third quarters, providing us with manufacturing visibility for the remainder of the year. By contrast, our revenue and operating results for the Work Truck Attachments segment tend to be lowest during the first quarter, as management believes our end-users prefer to wait until the beginning of a snow season to purchase new equipment and as our distributors sell off inventory and wait for our pre-season sales incentive period to re-stock inventory. Fourth quarter sales for the Work Truck Attachments segment vary from year-to-year as they are primarily driven by the level, timing and location of snowfall during the quarter. This is because most of our fourth quarter sales and shipments for the Work Truck Attachments segment consist of re-orders by distributors seeking to restock inventory to meet immediate customer needs caused by snowfall during the winter months.

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Because of the seasonality of our sales of Work Truck Attachments products, we experience seasonality in our working capital needs as well. In the first quarter, we typically require capital as we are generally required to build

~~Table of Contents~~

our inventory for the Work Truck Attachments segment in anticipation of our second and third quarter pre-season sales. During the second and third quarters, our working capital requirements rise as our accounts receivable for the Work Truck Attachments segment increase as a result of the sale and shipment of products ordered through our pre-season sales program and we continue to build inventory. Working capital requirements peak towards the end of the third quarter and then begin to decline through the fourth quarter through a reduction in accounts receivable for the Work Truck Attachments segment when we receive the majority of the payments for pre-season shipped products.

We also attempt to manage the impact of seasonality and year-to-year variability on our business costs through the effective management of our assets. Our asset management and profit focus strategies include:

●

the employment of a highly variable cost structure facilitated by a core group of workers that we supplement with a temporary workforce as sales volumes dictate, which allows us to adjust costs on an as-needed basis in response to changing demand;

●

our enterprise-wide lean concept, which allows us to adjust ~~costs on an as-needed basis in response~~production levels up or down to ~~changing~~meet demand;

●

·the pre-season order program described above, which incentivizes distributors to place orders prior to the retail selling season; and

●

a vertically integrated business model.

~~our enterprise-wide lean concept, which allows us to adjust production levels up or down to meet demand;~~

~~the pre-season order program described above, which incentivizes distributors to place orders prior to the retail selling season; and~~

~~a vertically integrated business model.~~

These asset management and profit focus strategies, among other management tools, allow us to adjust fixed overhead and sales, general and administrative expenditures to account for the year-to-year variability of our sales volumes.

Additionally, although ~~modest,~~ our annual capital ~~expenditure requirements~~expenditures are modest, they can be temporarily reduced by up to approximately 40% in response to actual or anticipated decreases in sales volumes. If we are unsuccessful in our asset management initiatives, the seasonality and year-to-year variability effects on our business may be compounded and in turn our results of operations and financial condition may suffer.

Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We do not use financial instruments for speculative trading purposes, and do not hold any derivative financial instruments that could expose us to significant market risk. ~~Our~~Other than the broad effects of recent macro-economic trends and their negative impact on the global economy and major financial markets, our primary market risk exposures are changes in interest rates and steel price fluctuations.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk primarily from changes in interest rates. Our borrowings, including our term loan and any revolving borrowings under our senior credit facilities, are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. A portion of our interest rate risk associated with our term loan is mitigated through an interest rate ~~swap as discussed in Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements above.~~swaps. In addition, the interest rate on any revolving borrowings is subject to an increase in the interest rate based on our average daily availability under our revolving credit facility.

As of ~~September 30, 2017,~~March 31, 2023, we had outstanding borrowings under our term loan of ~~$311.5~~$205.0 million. A hypothetical interest rate change of 1%, 1.5% and 2% on our term loan would have changed interest incurred for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 by ~~$0.7~~$0.1 million, ~~$1.0~~$0.2 million, and ~~$1.4~~$0.2 million, respectively. ~~We entered into three~~

The Company is party to interest rate swap agreements to reduce its exposure to interest rate volatility. On June 9, 2021, in conjunction with entering into the Credit Agreement described above, the Company re-designated its swap. As a result, the swap will be recorded at fair value with changes recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The amortization from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings from the previous dedesignation has been adjusted as of June 9, 2021 to include the de-recognition of previously recognized mark-to-market gains and the amortization of the off-market component as of the re-designation date, and will continue to be recognized through the life of the swap. On May 19, 2022, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to further reduce its exposure to interest rate volatility. The interest rate swap has a notional ~~amounts~~amount of ~~$45.0 million, $90.0 million and $135.0 million~~$125,000 effective for the ~~periods December~~period May 31, ~~2015 through March 29, 2018, March 29, 2018 through March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020~~2024 through June ~~30, 2021, respectively. We~~9, 2026. The Company may have counterparty credit risk resulting from the interest rate swap, which ~~we monitor~~it monitors on an on-going basis. ~~This~~The risk lies with ~~one~~two global financial ~~institution.~~institutions. Under the interest rate swap agreement, ~~effective as of December 31, 2015, we~~the Company will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between ~~6.105%~~2.718% and ~~LIBOR plus 4.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%). Under the~~SOFR. The interest rate swap ~~agreement, effective~~is accounted for as ~~of March 29, 2018, we will either receive or make payments~~a cash flow hedge. See Note 9 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details on ~~a monthly basis based on the differential between 6.916% and LIBOR plus 4.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%). Under the~~our interest rate swap ~~agreement, effective as~~agreements.

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As of March 31, ~~2020,~~2023, we ~~will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 7.168% and LIBOR plus 4.25% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%).~~ ~~As of September 30, 2017, we~~ had $52.0 million in outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit ~~facility of $23.0 million.~~facility. A hypothetical interest

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rate change of 1%, 1.5% and 2% on our revolving credit facility would have changed interest incurred for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 by ~~$0.0~~$0.1 million, ~~$0.0~~$0.1 million, and ~~$0.0~~$0.1 million, respectively.

Commodity Price Risk

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk related to our purchase of steel, the primary commodity upon which our manufacturing depends. Our steel purchases as a percentage of revenue were ~~8.5% and 10.3%~~19.0% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2017, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 compared to ~~10.4% and 13.1%~~23.3% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2016, respectively.~~ March 31, 2022. Steel costs increased significantly in 2022 and were near historical levels due to the worldwide raw material shortage stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine. While steel is typically available from numerous suppliers, the price of steel is a commodity subject to fluctuations that apply across broad spectrums of the steel market. We do not use any derivative or hedging instruments to manage steel price risk. If the price of steel increases, our variable costs could also increase. While historically we have successfully mitigated these increased costs through the implementation of either permanent price increases and/or temporary invoice surcharges, there may be timing differences between when we realize the price increases and incur the increased costs, and in the future we may not be able to successfully mitigate these costs, which could cause our gross margins to decline. If our costs for steel were to increase by $1.00 in a period where we are not able to pass any of this increase onto our distributors, our gross margins would decline by $1.00 in the period in which such inventory was sold.

Item 4.Controls ~~And~~and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. In July 2016, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Dejana and we are in the process of implementing the Dejana internal control structure and may make changes as we integrate our controls and procedures.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we are engaged in various litigation matters primarily including product liability and intellectual property disputes. However, management does not believe that any current litigation is material to our operations or financial position. In addition, we are not currently party to any environmental-related claims or legal matters.

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Item 1A.Risk Factors

There have been no significant changes in our risk factors from those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~

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2022.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

During the three months ended ~~September 30, 2017, the Company sold no~~March 31, 2023, we did not sell any securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On February 16, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $50.0 million in shares of common stock at market value (the “2022 repurchase plan”). This authorization does not have an expiration date. Repurchases under the program may be made in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, with the amount and timing of repurchases depending on market conditions and corporate needs. We may also, from time to time, enter into Rule 10b5-1 trading plans to facilitate repurchases of its shares under this authorization. This program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of shares and the program may be extended, modified, suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion. Shares repurchased under the 2022 repurchase program were retired.

Total share repurchases under the 2022 repurchase plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are as follows:

Period	Total number of shares purchased		Average price paid per share		Number of shares purchased as part of the publicly announced program		Approximate dollar value of shares still available to be purchased under the program (000's)
1/1/2023 - 1/31/2023		-	$	-		-	$	44,000
2/1/2023 - 2/28/2023		-		-		-		44,000
3/1/2023 - 3/31/2023		-		-		-		44,000
Total		-	$	-		-	$	44,000

Dividend Payment Restrictions

~~The Company’s~~Our senior credit facilities include certain restrictions on ~~its~~our ability to pay dividends. The senior credit facilities also restrict ~~the Company’s~~our subsidiaries from paying dividends and otherwise transferring assets to Douglas Dynamics, Inc. For additional detail regarding these restrictions, see Note 69 to the ~~consolidated financial statements.~~Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

~~Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures~~

~~None.~~

~~Item 5.Other Information~~

~~None.~~

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Delaware	~~134275891~~13-4275891
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)	~~Identification No.)~~

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share	PLOW	New York Stock Exchange


Large accelerated filer ☐☒		Accelerated filer ☒☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☐

~~(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)~~		Emerging growth company ☐


PARTI. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1. Financial Statements	3
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance ~~Sheet~~Sheets as of ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 and ~~unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheet as of~~ December 31, ~~2016~~2022	3
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2016~~2022	4
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2017~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2016~~2022	5
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	6
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6 7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25 28
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36 39
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	37 40
PARTII. OTHER INFORMATION	37 40
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	37 40
Item 1A. Risk Factors	37 41
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	38 41
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	38 41
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	38 41
Item 5. Other Information	38 41
Item 6. Exhibits	39 42
Signatures	40 43




Accounts receivable	$	13,509
Inventories		20,017
Truck chassis floor plan inventory		13,479
Prepaids and other current assets		705
Property and equipment		5,821
Goodwill		77,354
Intangible assets		77,800
Other assets - long term		219
Accounts payable and other current liabilities		(3,881)
Floor plan obligations		(13,479)
Earnout		(10,200)
Total	$	181,344




Accounts receivable - trade	$	852
Inventories		1,647
Prepaids and other current assets		6
Property and equipment		624
Goodwill		2,620
Intangible assets		2,700
Accounts payable and other current liabilities		(957)
Unfavorable lease		(107)
Total	$	7,385

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		*Balance at Beginning of Period*				*Additions*				*Deductions*				*Balance at End of Period*
Contract liabilities		$	4,531			$	3,374			$	(5,061	)		$	2,844



	Fair Value at		Fair Value at
	September 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
Assets:
Other long-term assets (a)	$	4,634	$	3,458

Total Assets	$	4,634	$	3,458

Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps (b)	$	2,781	$	1,985
Long term debt (c)		312,297		315,940
Earnout - Henderson (d)		553		636
Earnout - Dejana (e)		3,700		10,373
Total Liabilities	$	319,331	$	328,934



				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining
		Grant Date		Contractual
	Shares	Fair value		Term

Unvested at December 31, 2016	47,790	$	20.31	0.96	years
Granted	127,750	$	24.15	0.34	years
Vested	(127,531)	$	22.94
Cancelled and forfeited	-	$	-

Unvested at September 30, 2017	48,009	$	23.56	1.00	years

Expected to vest in the future at September 30, 2017	48,009	$	23.56	1.00	years



	Unrealized
	Net Loss			Retiree
	on Interest			Health
	Rate			Benefit	Pension
	Swap			Obligation	Obligation		Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	(1,195)	$	937	$	(6,414)	$	(6,672)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		(656)		—		—		(656)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss: (1)		164		(50)		336		450
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	(1,687)	$	887	$	(6,078)	$	(6,878)
(1) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Amortization of Other Postretirement Benefit items:
Actuarial gains (a)		(81)
Tax expense		31
Reclassification net of tax	$	(50)
Amortization of pension items:
Actuarial losses (a)		543
Tax benefit		(207)
Reclassification net of tax	$	336

Realized losses on interest rate swaps reclassified to interest expense		264
Tax benefit		(100)
Reclassification net of tax	$	164

(a) These components are included in the computation of benefit plan costs in Note 9.


Exhibit Numbers		Description
~~2.1~~		Second Amendment, dated September 20, 2017, to the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated June 15, 2016 and amended on February 27, 2017, among Dejana Truck & Utility Equipment Company, LLC (formerly known as Acquisition Delta LLC), Peter Paul Dejana Family Trust 12/31/98, Peteco Kings Park Inc. (formerly known as Dejana Truck & Utility Equipment Company, Inc.) and Andrew Dejana, as appointed agent [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 26, 2017 (File No. 001-34728)].
~~3.1~~		Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2017 (File No. 001-34728)].
~~10.1~~		2017 Replacement Term Loan Amendment, dated as of August 17, 2017, among Douglas Dynamics, L.L.C., as borrower, Douglas Dynamics, Inc., Douglas Dynamics Finance Company, Fisher, LLC, Trynex International LLC, Henderson Enterprises Group, Inc., Henderson Products, Inc., and Dejana Truck & Utility Equipment Company, LLC as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and as collateral agent, and the banks and financial institutions party thereto [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 18, 2017 (File No. 001-34728)].
~~10.2~~		Employment Agreement between Sarah C. Lauber and Douglas Dynamics, LLC, effective August 28, 2017 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2017 (File No. 001-347280].
31.1*		Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*		Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*		Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101*		~~Financial~~The following financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. for the quarter ended ~~September 30, 2017,~~March 31, 2023, filed on ~~November 7, 2017,~~May 2, 2023, formatted in inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive ~~Income;~~Income (Loss); (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity; and ~~(iv)~~(v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

104*		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).


	DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.

	By:	/s/ SARAH LAUBER
		Sarah Lauber
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Signatory)
Dated: ~~November 7, 2017~~May 2, 2023