0001465128us-gaap:ResidentialMortgageBackedSecuritiesMemberus-gaap:AvailableforsaleSecuritiesMember2020-03-31CommercialPortfolioSegmentMemberstwd:LoansHeldForInvestmentMember2020-09-30

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31,September 30, 2020

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-34436

Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland

27-0247747

(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

591 West Putnam Avenue

Greenwich, Connecticut

06830

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(203422-7700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, $0.01 par value per share

STWD

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer 

Accelerated filer 

Non-accelerated filer 

Smaller reporting company 

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No

The number of shares of the issuer’s common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of May 1,October 30, 2020 was 282,254,288.284,687,634.

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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements, including without limitation, statements concerning our operations, economic performance and financial condition. These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are developed by combining currently available information with our beliefs and assumptions and are generally identified by the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate” and other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements do not guarantee future performance, which may be materially different from that expressed in, or implied by, any such statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their respective dates.

These forward-looking statements are based largely on our current beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us or within our control, and which could materially affect actual results, performance or achievements. Factors that may cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including those set forth under the captions “Risk Factors”, “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”;

the severity and duration of the pandemic of the novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19)(“COVID-19”), actions that may be taken by governmental authorities to contain the COVID-19 outbreak or to treat its impact and the adverse impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic has had, and will likely continue to have, on the global economy, on the borrowersunderlying our real estate-related assets and infrastructure loans and tenants of our owned properties, including their ability to make payments on their loans or to pay rent, as the case may be, and on our operations and financial performance;

defaults by borrowers in paying debt service on outstanding indebtedness;

impairment in the value of real estate property securing our loans or in which we invest;

availability of mortgage origination and acquisition opportunities acceptable to us;

potential mismatches in the timing of asset repayments and the maturity of the associated financing agreements;

our ability to integrate our prior acquisition of the project finance origination, underwriting and capital markets business of GE Capital Global Holdings, LLC into our business and to achieve the benefits that we anticipate from the acquisition;

national and local economic and business conditions, including continued disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic;

general and local commercial and residential real estate property conditions;

changes in federal government policies;

changes in federal, state and local governmental laws and regulations;

increased competition from entities engaged in mortgage lending and securities investing activities;

changes in interest rates; and

2

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the availability of, and costs associated with, sources of liquidity.

2

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In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurances that the results referred to in the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q will in fact occur. Except to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, we undertake no obligation to, and expressly disclaim any such obligation to, update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, changes to future results over time or otherwise.

3

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Part I

Financial Information

Item 1.

Financial Statements

5

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

6

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

7

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

8

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

910

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1112

Note 1 Business and Organization

1112

Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1213

Note 3 Acquisitions and Divestitures

1719

Note 4 Loans

1820

Note 5 Investment Securities

2325

Note 6 Properties

2628

Note 7 Investment in Unconsolidated Entities

2730

Note 8 Goodwill and Intangibles

2831

Note 9 Secured Borrowings

3033

Note 10 Unsecured Senior Notes

3336

Note 11 Loan Securitization/Sale Activities

3437

Note 12 Derivatives and Hedging Activity

3538

Note 13 Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

3740

Note 14 Variable Interest Entities

3740

Note 15 Related-Party Transactions

3942

Note 16 Stockholders’ Equity and Non-Controlling Interests

4144

Note 17 (Loss) Earnings per Share

4346

Note 18 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

4447

Note 19 Fair Value

4448

Note 20 Income Taxes

5055

Note 21 Commitments and Contingencies

5156

Note 22 Segment Data

5257

Note 23 Subsequent Events

5663

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

5764

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

86106

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

90110

Part II

Other Information

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

91111

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

91111

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

94114

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

94114

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

94114

Item 5.

Other Information

94114

Item 6.

Exhibits

95115

4

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except share data)

As of

As of

As of

As of

March 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

September 30, 2020

December 31, 2019

Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

$

811,656

$

478,388

$

379,870

$

478,388

Restricted cash

 

119,737

 

95,643

 

131,336

 

95,643

Loans held-for-investment, net of credit loss allowances of $97,187 and $33,415 ($274,758 and $671,572 held at fair value)

 

10,488,936

 

10,586,074

Loans held-for-sale ($1,073,039 and $764,622 held at fair value)

 

1,174,934

 

884,150

Investment securities, net of credit loss allowances of $5,037 and $0 ($212,121 and $239,600 held at fair value)

 

777,972

 

810,238

Loans held-for-investment, net of credit loss allowances of $109,747 and $33,415 ($256,407 and $671,572 held at fair value)

 

10,918,652

 

10,586,074

Loans held-for-sale ($1,012,673 and $764,622 held at fair value)

 

1,012,673

 

884,150

Investment securities, net of credit loss allowances of $6,425 and $0 ($203,817 and $239,600 held at fair value)

 

745,113

 

810,238

Properties, net

2,253,070

2,266,440

2,207,822

2,266,440

Intangible assets ($16,524 and $16,917 held at fair value)

 

82,005

 

85,700

Intangible assets ($14,589 and $16,917 held at fair value)

 

74,139

 

85,700

Investment in unconsolidated entities

 

87,334

 

84,329

 

104,384

 

84,329

Goodwill

 

259,846

 

259,846

 

259,846

 

259,846

Derivative assets

 

101,448

 

28,943

 

64,825

 

28,943

Accrued interest receivable

 

58,537

 

64,087

 

78,030

 

64,087

Other assets

 

203,909

 

211,323

 

163,474

 

211,323

Variable interest entity (“VIE”) assets, at fair value

 

61,157,805

 

62,187,175

 

64,477,475

 

62,187,175

Total Assets

$

77,577,189

$

78,042,336

$

80,617,639

$

78,042,336

Liabilities and Equity

Liabilities:

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

$

221,669

$

212,006

$

201,491

$

212,006

Related-party payable

 

39,266

 

40,925

 

22,096

 

40,925

Dividends payable

 

137,529

 

137,427

 

138,264

 

137,427

Derivative liabilities

 

5,118

 

8,740

 

13,452

 

8,740

Secured financing agreements, net

 

9,689,683

 

8,906,048

 

9,615,892

 

8,906,048

Collateralized loan obligations, net

928,683

928,060

929,931

928,060

Unsecured senior notes, net

 

1,930,584

 

1,928,622

 

1,934,555

 

1,928,622

VIE liabilities, at fair value

 

59,807,306

 

60,743,494

 

62,876,265

 

60,743,494

Total Liabilities

 

72,759,838

 

72,905,322

 

75,731,946

 

72,905,322

Commitments and contingencies (Note 21)

Equity:

Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity:

Preferred stock, $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding

 

 

 

 

Common stock, $0.01 per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 289,349,439 issued and 282,243,878 outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and 287,380,891 issued and 282,200,751 outstanding as of December 31, 2019

 

2,894

 

2,874

Common stock, $0.01 per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 291,787,327 issued and 284,681,766 outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and 287,380,891 issued and 282,200,751 outstanding as of December 31, 2019

 

2,918

 

2,874

Additional paid-in capital

 

5,159,069

 

5,132,532

 

5,200,716

 

5,132,532

Treasury stock (7,105,561 shares and 5,180,140 shares)

 

(133,024)

 

(104,194)

 

(133,024)

 

(104,194)

Accumulated other comprehensive income

 

35,884

 

50,932

 

42,285

 

50,932

Accumulated deficit

 

(616,765)

 

(381,719)

 

(599,014)

 

(381,719)

Total Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity

 

4,448,058

 

4,700,425

 

4,513,881

 

4,700,425

Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

 

369,293

 

436,589

 

371,812

 

436,589

Total Equity

 

4,817,351

 

5,137,014

 

4,885,693

 

5,137,014

Total Liabilities and Equity

$

77,577,189

$

78,042,336

$

80,617,639

$

78,042,336

Note: In addition to the VIE assets and liabilities which are separately presented, our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 include assets of $1.1 billion and liabilities of $0.9 billion related to a consolidated collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”), which is considered to be a VIE.  The CLO’s assets can only be used to settle obligations of the CLO, and the CLO’s liabilities do not have recourse to Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Refer to Note 14 for additional discussion of VIEs.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

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Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)

For the Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

2020

    

2019

Revenues:

Interest income from loans

$

217,427

$

183,416

Interest income from investment securities

 

15,240

 

17,632

Servicing fees

 

4,793

 

24,433

Rental income

74,146

83,833

Other revenues

 

954

 

1,166

Total revenues

 

312,560

 

310,480

Costs and expenses:

Management fees

 

40,728

 

23,466

Interest expense

 

120,025

 

134,672

General and administrative

 

38,702

 

34,930

Acquisition and investment pursuit costs

 

909

 

342

Costs of rental operations

28,214

29,651

Depreciation and amortization

 

23,980

 

29,254

Credit loss provision, net

 

48,669

 

763

Other expense

 

388

 

211

Total costs and expenses

 

301,615

 

253,289

Other (loss) income:

Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs

 

(45,493)

 

47,836

Change in fair value of servicing rights

 

(393)

 

(767)

Change in fair value of investment securities, net

 

2,504

 

62

Change in fair value of mortgage loans, net

 

(16,134)

 

11,266

Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities

 

97

 

(43,200)

Gain on sale of investments and other assets, net

 

296

 

4,485

Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments, net

 

9,710

 

(2,207)

Foreign currency (loss) gain, net

 

(34,486)

 

5,547

Loss on extinguishment of debt

(170)

(3,298)

Other income (loss), net

 

126

 

(73)

Total other (loss) income

 

(83,943)

 

19,651

(Loss) income before income taxes

 

(72,998)

 

76,842

Income tax benefit (provision)

 

6,729

 

(334)

Net (loss) income

 

(66,269)

 

76,508

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(500)

 

(6,125)

Net (loss) income attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

$

(66,769)

$

70,383

(Loss) earnings per share data attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.:

Basic

$

(0.24)

$

0.25

Diluted

$

(0.24)

$

0.25

For the Three Months Ended

For the Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

2020

    

2019

   

2020

    

2019

Revenues:

Interest income from loans

$

169,404

$

172,030

$

557,934

$

546,912

Interest income from investment securities

 

12,186

 

16,676

 

42,070

 

56,853

Servicing fees

 

9,548

 

14,333

 

20,999

 

47,774

Rental income

75,978

84,654

222,834

255,784

Other revenues

 

311

 

637

 

1,756

 

2,668

Total revenues

 

267,427

 

288,330

 

845,593

 

909,991

Costs and expenses:

Management fees

 

23,127

 

30,238

 

86,970

 

76,227

Interest expense

 

95,981

 

123,156

 

317,499

 

387,954

General and administrative

 

39,478

 

39,766

 

110,857

 

112,274

Acquisition and investment pursuit costs

 

884

 

163

 

3,383

 

579

Costs of rental operations

29,522

31,568

87,368

91,874

Depreciation and amortization

 

23,581

 

28,269

 

70,982

 

86,075

Credit loss (reversal) provision, net

 

(3,587)

 

(39)

 

55,284

 

3,242

Other expense

 

172

 

123

 

662

 

1,777

Total costs and expenses

 

209,158

 

253,244

 

733,005

 

760,002

Other income (loss):

Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs

 

58,585

 

61,767

 

64,353

 

164,761

Change in fair value of servicing rights

 

634

 

(625)

 

(2,328)

 

(2,308)

Change in fair value of investment securities, net

 

(199)

 

266

 

3,132

 

995

Change in fair value of mortgage loans, net

 

61,384

 

32,521

 

79,700

 

65,678

Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities

 

3,192

 

2,747

 

32,065

 

(31,636)

Gain on sale of investments and other assets, net

 

 

21,157

 

6,768

 

28,157

(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments, net

 

(28,097)

 

21,933

 

(34,485)

 

19,694

Foreign currency gain (loss), net

 

25,452

 

(15,664)

 

(1,861)

 

(17,134)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

(4,624)

(2,377)

(10,738)

Other income (loss), net

 

357

 

(50)

 

687

 

(123)

Total other income

 

121,308

 

119,428

 

145,654

 

217,346

Income before income taxes

 

179,577

 

154,514

 

258,242

 

367,335

Income tax provision

 

(14,843)

 

(4,513)

 

(6,816)

 

(8,380)

Net income

 

164,734

 

150,001

 

251,426

 

358,955

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(12,900)

 

(9,605)

 

(26,705)

 

(21,160)

Net income attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

$

151,834

$

140,396

$

224,721

$

337,795

Earnings per share data attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.:

Basic

$

0.53

$

0.50

$

0.79

$

1.20

Diluted

$

0.52

$

0.49

$

0.79

$

1.19

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands)

    

For the Three Months Ended

March 31,

2020

2019

Net (loss) income

$

(66,269)

$

76,508

Other comprehensive loss (net change by component):

Available-for-sale securities

 

(15,048)

 

(387)

Foreign currency translation

 

 

(2,475)

Other comprehensive loss

 

(15,048)

 

(2,862)

Comprehensive (loss) income

 

(81,317)

 

73,646

Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(500)

 

(6,125)

Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

$

(81,817)

$

67,521

   

For the Three Months Ended

   

For the Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

2020

2019

2020

2019

Net income

$

164,734

$

150,001

$

251,426

$

358,955

Other comprehensive loss (net change by component):

Available-for-sale securities

 

(581)

 

(579)

 

(8,647)

 

(1,045)

Foreign currency translation

 

 

(4,168)

 

 

(5,238)

Other comprehensive loss

 

(581)

 

(4,747)

 

(8,647)

 

(6,283)

Comprehensive income

 

164,153

 

145,254

 

242,779

 

352,672

Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(12,900)

 

(9,605)

 

(26,705)

 

(21,160)

Comprehensive income attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

$

151,253

$

135,649

$

216,074

$

331,512

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except share data)

Total

Starwood

Accumulated

Property

Common stock

Additional

Other

Trust, Inc.

Non-

Par

Paid-in

Treasury Stock

Accumulated

Comprehensive

Stockholders’

Controlling

Total

    

Shares

    

Value

    

Capital

    

Shares

    

Amount

    

Deficit

    

Income

    

Equity

    

Interests

    

Equity

Balance, June 30, 2020

 

291,573,083

$

2,916

$

5,193,572

 

7,105,561

$

(133,024)

$

(614,093)

$

42,866

$

4,492,237

$

372,559

$

4,864,796

Proceeds from DRIP Plan

34,309

1

520

521

521

Redemption of Class A Units

418

418

(1,703)

(1,285)

Equity offering costs

(54)

(54)

(54)

Share-based compensation

179,935

1

6,260

6,261

6,261

Net income

 

151,834

151,834

12,900

164,734

Dividends declared, $0.48 per share

 

(136,755)

(136,755)

(136,755)

Other comprehensive loss, net

 

(581)

(581)

(581)

VIE non-controlling interests

12

12

Contributions from non-controlling interests

251

251

Distributions to non-controlling interests

 

(12,207)

(12,207)

Balance, September 30, 2020

 

291,787,327

$

2,918

$

5,200,716

 

7,105,561

$

(133,024)

$

(599,014)

$

42,285

$

4,513,881

$

371,812

$

4,885,693

Balance, June 30, 2019

 

286,451,361

$

2,864

$

5,103,771

5,180,140

$

(104,194)

$

(421,858)

$

57,124

$

4,637,707

$

265,544

$

4,903,251

Proceeds from DRIP Plan

 

10,751

253

 

253

253

Redemption of Class A Units for common stock

219,831

2

4,695

 

4,697

(4,697)

Equity offering costs

 

(19)

 

(19)

(19)

Share-based compensation

 

435,216

5

12,971

 

12,976

 

12,976

Net income

 

 

140,396

140,396

9,605

 

150,001

Dividends declared, $0.48 per share

 

 

(136,067)

(136,067)

 

(136,067)

Other comprehensive loss, net

 

 

(4,747)

(4,747)

 

(4,747)

VIE non-controlling interests

 

 

(2,615)

(2,615)

Contributions from non-controlling interests

 

 

658

658

Distributions to non-controlling interests

 

 

(10,677)

 

(10,677)

Balance, September 30, 2019

 

287,117,159

$

2,871

$

5,121,671

 

5,180,140

$

(104,194)

$

(417,529)

$

52,377

$

4,655,196

$

257,818

$

4,913,014

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Continued)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except share data)

Total

Starwood

Accumulated

Property

Common stock

Additional

Other

Trust, Inc.

Non-

Par

Paid-in

Treasury Stock

Accumulated

Comprehensive

Stockholders’

Controlling

Total

  

Shares

    

Value

    

Capital

    

Shares

    

Amount

    

Deficit

    

Income

    

Equity

    

Interests

    

Equity

Balance, December 31, 2019

 

287,380,891

$

2,874

$

5,132,532

5,180,140

$

(104,194)

$

(381,719)

$

50,932

$

4,700,425

$

436,589

$

5,137,014

Cumulative effect of credit loss accounting standard effective January 1, 2020

(32,286)

(32,286)

(32,286)

Proceeds from DRIP Plan

7,718

153

153

153

Redemption of Class A Units for common stock

409,712

4

8,534

8,538

(8,538)

Equity offering costs

(14)

(14)

(14)

Common stock repurchased

1,925,421

(28,830)

(28,830)

(28,830)

Share-based compensation

1,195,208

12

8,788

8,800

8,800

Manager incentive fee paid in stock

 

355,910

4

9,076

9,080

9,080

Net loss

 

(66,769)

(66,769)

500

(66,269)

Dividends declared, $0.48 per share

 

(135,991)

(135,991)

(135,991)

Other comprehensive loss, net

 

(15,048)

(15,048)

(15,048)

VIE non-controlling interests

(2,188)

(2,188)

Contributions from non-controlling interests

9,406

9,406

Distributions to non-controlling interests

 

(66,476)

(66,476)

Balance, March 31, 2020

 

289,349,439

$

2,894

$

5,159,069

 

7,105,561

$

(133,024)

$

(616,765)

$

35,884

$

4,448,058

$

369,293

$

4,817,351

Balance, December 31, 2018

 

280,839,692

$

2,808

$

4,995,156

5,180,140

$

(104,194)

$

(348,998)

$

58,660

$

4,603,432

$

296,757

$

4,900,189

Proceeds from DRIP Plan

 

7,825

167

 

167

167

Equity offering costs

 

(5)

 

(5)

(5)

Conversion of 2019 Convertible Notes

3,611,918

36

67,526

 

67,562

67,562

Share-based compensation

 

526,687

6

6,357

 

6,363

 

6,363

Manager incentive fee paid in stock

 

495,363

5

10,972

 

10,977

 

10,977

Net income

 

 

70,383

70,383

6,125

 

76,508

Dividends declared, $0.48 per share

 

 

(134,938)

(134,938)

 

(134,938)

Other comprehensive loss, net

 

 

(2,862)

(2,862)

 

(2,862)

VIE non-controlling interests

 

 

(137)

(137)

Contributions from non-controlling interests

 

 

95

95

Distributions to non-controlling interests

 

 

(6,952)

 

(6,952)

Balance, March 31, 2019

 

285,481,485

$

2,855

$

5,080,173

 

5,180,140

$

(104,194)

$

(413,553)

$

55,798

$

4,621,079

$

295,888

$

4,916,967

Total

 

Starwood

 

Accumulated

Property

 

Common stock

Additional

Other

Trust, Inc.

Non-

 

Par

Paid-in

Treasury Stock

Accumulated

Comprehensive

Stockholders’

Controlling

Total

 

    

Shares

    

Value

    

Capital

    

Shares

    

Amount

    

Deficit

    

Income

    

Equity

    

Interests

    

Equity

 

Balance, December 31, 2019

 

287,380,891

$

2,874

$

5,132,532

5,180,140

$

(104,194)

$

(381,719)

$

50,932

$

4,700,425

$

436,589

$

5,137,014

Cumulative effect of credit loss accounting standard effective January 1, 2020

(32,286)

(32,286)

(32,286)

Proceeds from DRIP Plan

59,340

1

889

890

890

Redemption of Class A Units

409,712

4

8,952

8,956

(10,241)

(1,285)

Equity offering costs

(69)

(69)

(69)

Common stock repurchased

1,925,421

(28,830)

(28,830)

(28,830)

Share-based compensation

1,516,152

15

22,390

22,405

22,405

Manager fees paid in stock

 

2,421,232

24

36,022

36,046

36,046

Net income

 

224,721

224,721

26,705

251,426

Dividends declared, $1.44 per share

 

(409,730)

(409,730)

(409,730)

Other comprehensive loss, net

 

(8,647)

(8,647)

(8,647)

VIE non-controlling interests

(2,177)

(2,177)

Contributions from non-controlling interests

9,657

9,657

Distributions to non-controlling interests

 

(88,721)

(88,721)

Balance, September 30, 2020

 

291,787,327

$

2,918

$

5,200,716

 

7,105,561

$

(133,024)

$

(599,014)

$

42,285

$

4,513,881

$

371,812

$

4,885,693

Balance, December 31, 2018

 

280,839,692

$

2,808

$

4,995,156

5,180,140

$

(104,194)

$

(348,998)

$

58,660

$

4,603,432

$

296,757

$

4,900,189

Proceeds from DRIP Plan

27,887

632

632

632

Redemption of Class A Units

974,176

10

21,060

21,070

(21,070)

Equity offering costs

(27)

(27)

(27)

Conversion of 2019 Convertible Notes

3,611,918

36

67,526

67,562

67,562

Share-based compensation

 

1,168,123

12

26,352

26,364

 

26,364

Manager fees paid in stock

 

495,363

5

10,972

10,977

 

10,977

Net income

 

337,795

337,795

21,160

 

358,955

Dividends declared, $1.44 per share

 

(406,326)

(406,326)

 

(406,326)

Other comprehensive loss, net

 

(6,283)

(6,283)

 

(6,283)

VIE non-controlling interests

 

(2,792)

(2,792)

Contributions from non-controlling interests

 

5,294

5,294

Distributions to non-controlling interests

 

(41,531)

 

(41,531)

Balance, September 30, 2019

 

287,117,159

$

2,871

$

5,121,671

 

5,180,140

$

(104,194)

$

(417,529)

$

52,377

$

4,655,196

$

257,818

$

4,913,014

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents 

Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands)

For the Three Months Ended

For the Nine Months Ended

March 31,

September 30,

 

2020

    

2019

 

2020

    

2019

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

Net (loss) income

$

(66,269)

$

76,508

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

Net income

$

251,426

$

358,955

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

Amortization of deferred financing costs, premiums and discounts on secured borrowings

 

9,634

 

9,183

 

29,996

 

25,942

Amortization of discounts and deferred financing costs on unsecured senior notes

 

1,962

 

1,933

 

5,933

 

5,830

Accretion of net discount on investment securities

 

(2,783)

 

(2,755)

 

(9,362)

 

(10,338)

Accretion of net deferred loan fees and discounts

 

(12,080)

 

(7,526)

 

(30,468)

 

(24,193)

Share-based compensation

 

8,800

 

6,363

 

22,405

 

26,364

Share-based component of incentive fees

 

9,080

 

10,977

Manager fees paid in stock

 

36,046

 

10,977

Change in fair value of investment securities

 

(2,504)

 

(62)

 

(3,132)

 

(995)

Change in fair value of consolidated VIEs

 

80,683

 

133

 

41,008

 

(32,984)

Change in fair value of servicing rights

 

393

 

767

 

2,328

 

2,308

Change in fair value of loans

 

16,134

 

(11,266)

 

(79,700)

 

(65,678)

Change in fair value of derivatives

 

(7,617)

 

3,396

 

41,146

 

(16,043)

Foreign currency loss (gain), net

 

34,486

 

(5,547)

Foreign currency loss, net

 

1,861

 

17,134

Gain on sale of investments and other assets

 

(296)

 

(4,485)

 

(6,768)

 

(28,157)

Impairment charges on properties and related intangibles

 

 

120

 

 

1,392

Credit loss provision, net

 

48,669

 

763

 

55,284

 

3,242

Depreciation and amortization

 

23,864

 

28,889

 

70,626

 

86,172

(Earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities

 

(97)

 

43,200

 

(32,065)

 

31,636

Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated entities

 

27

 

3,661

 

2,334

 

9,730

Loss on extinguishment of debt

170

3,298

2,377

10,738

Origination and purchase of loans held-for-sale, net of principal collections

 

(621,832)

 

(719,589)

 

(1,725,341)

 

(2,549,697)

Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale

 

751,140

 

561,702

 

1,997,651

 

1,774,794

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Related-party payable, net

 

(1,659)

 

(20,098)

 

(18,829)

 

(19,557)

Accrued and capitalized interest receivable, less purchased interest

 

(31,465)

 

(22,536)

 

(121,923)

 

(71,906)

Other assets

 

(40,944)

 

(26,760)

 

3,007

 

(112,723)

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

 

(6,764)

 

(22,987)

 

(9,691)

 

(2,734)

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

 

190,732

 

(92,718)

 

526,149

 

(569,791)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

Origination and purchase of loans held-for-investment

 

(1,252,745)

 

(1,287,001)

 

(2,368,931)

 

(2,987,685)

Proceeds from principal collections on loans

 

812,187

 

556,058

 

1,357,445

 

2,312,992

Proceeds from loans sold

 

39,019

 

500,271

 

435,097

 

945,066

Purchase and funding of investment securities

 

(5,729)

 

 

(22,408)

 

(5,165)

Proceeds from sales of investment securities

 

7,940

 

3,228

 

7,940

 

3,978

Proceeds from principal collections on investment securities

 

13,559

 

7,754

 

67,957

 

118,892

Proceeds from sales of real estate

 

 

1,463

 

23,805

 

52,336

Purchases and additions to properties and other assets

(7,056)

(8,526)

(17,923)

(22,977)

Investment in unconsolidated entities

(3,100)

(510)

(3,133)

(8,365)

Proceeds from sale of interest in unconsolidated entities

10,313

Distribution of capital from unconsolidated entities

 

153

 

886

 

2,485

 

12,455

Payments for purchase or termination of derivatives

 

(67,323)

 

(3,896)

 

(76,270)

 

(36,360)

Proceeds from termination of derivatives

 

8,912

 

692

 

13,667

 

12,979

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(454,183)

 

(229,581)

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

 

(569,956)

 

398,146

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents 

Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands)

For the Three Months Ended

March 31,

 

2020

    

2019

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

Proceeds from borrowings

$

2,756,915

$

2,310,902

Principal repayments on and repurchases of borrowings

 

(1,923,754)

 

(1,778,819)

Payment of deferred financing costs

 

(3,577)

 

(4,706)

Proceeds from common stock issuances

 

153

 

167

Payment of equity offering costs

(14)

(5)

Payment of dividends

 

(135,889)

 

(132,515)

Contributions from non-controlling interests

9,406

95

Distributions to non-controlling interests

 

(66,476)

 

(6,952)

Purchase of treasury stock

 

(28,830)

 

Issuance of debt of consolidated VIEs

 

24,376

 

33,678

Repayment of debt of consolidated VIEs

 

(36,953)

 

(52,856)

Distributions of cash from consolidated VIEs

 

24,723

 

11,683

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

620,080

 

380,672

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

356,629

 

58,373

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period

 

574,031

 

487,865

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

 

733

 

(254)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period

$

931,393

$

545,984

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid for interest

$

109,341

$

129,349

Income taxes paid

 

569

 

484

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:

Dividends declared, but not yet paid

$

135,994

$

134,953

Consolidation of VIEs (VIE asset/liability additions)

 

2,477,422

 

3,280,065

Deconsolidation of VIEs (VIE asset/liability reductions)

 

 

45,910

Reclassification of residential loans held-for-investment to held-for-sale

422,691

Loan principal collections temporarily held at master servicer

9,779

Redemption of Class A Units for common stock

8,538

Settlement of 2019 Convertible Notes in shares

75,525

Settlement of loans transferred as secured borrowings

74,692

Net assets acquired through foreclosure

8,963

Unsettled infrastructure loan sales

68,564

For the Nine Months Ended

September 30,

 

2020

    

2019

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

Proceeds from borrowings

$

4,935,556

$

6,084,209

Principal repayments on and repurchases of borrowings

 

(4,221,999)

 

(5,549,756)

Payment of deferred financing costs

 

(17,978)

 

(45,403)

Proceeds from common stock issuances

 

511

 

632

Payment of equity offering costs

(69)

(27)

Payment of dividends

 

(408,893)

 

(402,519)

Contributions from non-controlling interests

9,657

5,294

Distributions to non-controlling interests

 

(90,006)

 

(41,531)

Purchase of treasury stock

 

(28,830)

 

Issuance of debt of consolidated VIEs

 

24,376

 

149,949

Repayment of debt of consolidated VIEs

 

(279,419)

 

(158,315)

Distributions of cash from consolidated VIEs

 

57,174

 

38,607

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

 

(19,920)

 

81,140

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

(63,727)

 

(90,505)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period

 

574,031

 

487,865

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

 

902

 

(2,702)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period

$

511,206

$

394,658

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid for interest

$

284,855

$

367,291

Income taxes paid

 

2,261

 

8,848

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:

Dividends declared, but not yet paid

$

138,737

$

136,533

Consolidation of VIEs (VIE asset/liability additions)

 

3,589,657

 

6,103,915

Deconsolidation of VIEs (VIE asset/liability reductions)

 

7,652

 

341,186

Reclassification of loans held-for-investment to held-for-sale

449,025

Reclassification of loans held-for-sale to held-for-investment

104,327

340,948

Loan principal collections temporarily held at master servicer

9,911

Redemption of Class A Units for common stock

8,538

21,070

Unsettled common stock issuances

379

Settlement of 2019 Convertible Notes in shares

75,525

Settlement of loans transferred as secured borrowings

74,692

Net assets acquired through foreclosure

27,416

Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets

9,626

Net assets acquired from consolidated VIEs

8,613

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents 

Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

As of March 31,September 30, 2020

(Unaudited)

1. Business and Organization

Starwood Property Trust, Inc. (“STWD” and, together with its subsidiaries, “we” or the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation that commenced operations in August 2009, upon the completion of our initial public offering. We are focused primarily on originating, acquiring, financing and managing mortgage loans and other real estate investments in both the United States (“U.S.”) and Europe. As market conditions change over time, we may adjust our strategy to take advantage of changes in interest rates and credit spreads as well as economic and credit conditions.

We have 4 reportable business segments as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and we refer to the investments within these segments as our target assets:

Real estate commercial and residential lending (the “Commercial and Residential Lending Segment”)—engages primarily in originating, acquiring, financing and managing commercial andfirst mortgages, non-agency residential first mortgages (“residential loans”), subordinated mortgages, mezzanine loans, preferred equity, commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) and other real estate and real estate-related debt investments in both the U.S. and Europe (including distressed or non-performing loans). Our residential mortgage loans are secured by a first mortgage lien on residential property and consist of non-agency residential mortgage loans that are not guaranteed by any U.S. Government agency or federally chartered corporation.

Infrastructure lending (the “Infrastructure Lending Segment”)—engages primarily in originating, acquiring, financing and managing infrastructure debt investments.

Real estate property (the “Property Segment”)—engages primarily in acquiring and managing equity interests in stabilized commercial real estate properties, including multifamily properties and commercial properties subject to net leases, that are held for investment.

Real estate investing and servicing (the “Investing and Servicing Segment”)—includes (i) a servicing business in the U.S. that manages and works out problem assets, (ii) an investment business that selectively acquires and manages unrated, investment grade and non-investment grade rated CMBS, including subordinated interests of securitization and resecuritization transactions, (iii) a mortgage loan business which originates conduit loans for the primary purpose of selling these loans into securitization transactions and (iv) an investment business that selectively acquires commercial real estate assets, including properties acquired from CMBS trusts.

Our segments exclude the consolidation of securitization variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). As such, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on that portion of our net income that is distributed to stockholders if we distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders by prescribed dates and comply with various other requirements.

We are organized as a holding company and conduct our business primarily through our various wholly-owned subsidiaries. We are externally managed and advised by SPT Management, LLC (our “Manager”) pursuant to the terms of a management agreement. Our Manager is controlled by Barry Sternlicht, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Our Manager is an affiliate of Starwood Capital Group, a privately-held private equity firm founded by Mr. Sternlicht.

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2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Balance Sheet Presentation of Securitization Variable Interest Entities

We operate investment businesses that acquire unrated, investment grade and non-investment grade rated CMBS and RMBS. These securities represent interests in securitization structures (commonly referred to as special purpose entities, or “SPEs”). These SPEs are structured as pass through entities that receive principal and interest on the underlying collateral and distribute those payments to the certificate holders. Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), SPEs typically qualify as VIEs. These are entities that, by design, either (1) lack sufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties, or (2) have equity investors that do not have the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entity’s operations through voting rights, or do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses, or do not have the right to receive the residual returns of the entity.

Because we often serve as the special servicer or servicing administrator of the trusts in which we invest, or we have the ability to remove and replace the special servicer without cause, consolidation of these structures is required pursuant to GAAP as outlined in detail below. This results in a consolidated balance sheet which presents the gross assets and liabilities of the VIEs. The assets and other instruments held by these VIEs are restricted and can only be used to fulfill the obligations of the entity. Additionally, the obligations of the VIEs do not have any recourse to the general credit of any other consolidated entities, nor to us as the consolidator of these VIEs.

The VIE liabilities initially represent investment securities on our balance sheet (pre-consolidation). Upon consolidation of these VIEs, our associated investment securities are eliminated, as is the interest income related to those securities. Similarly, the fees we earn in our roles as special servicer of the bonds issued by the consolidated VIEs or as collateral administrator of the consolidated VIEs are also eliminated. Finally, an allocable portion of the identified servicing intangible associated with the eliminated fee streams is eliminated in consolidation.

Refer to the segment data in Note 22 for a presentation of our business segments without consolidation of these VIEs.

Basis of Accounting and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our consolidated subsidiaries and VIEs. Intercompany amounts have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows have been included.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (our “Form 10-K”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.

Refer to our Form 10-K for a description of our recurring accounting policies. We have included disclosure in this Note 2 regarding principles of consolidation and other accounting policies that (i) are required to be disclosed quarterly, (ii) we view as critical, (iii) became significant since December 31, 2019 due to a corporate action or increase in the significance of the underlying business activity or (iv) changed upon adoption of an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

Variable Interest Entities

In addition to the securitization VIEs, we have financed a pool of our loans through a collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) which is considered a VIE. We also hold interests in certain other entities which are considered VIEs as the limited partners of those entities with equity at risk do not collectively possess (i) the right to remove the general partner or dissolve the partnership without cause or (ii) the right to participate in significant decisions made by the partnership.

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We evaluate all of our interests in VIEs for consolidation. When our interests are determined to be variable interests, we assess whether we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE. Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation, defines the primary beneficiary as the party that has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits from the VIE which could be potentially significant. We consider our variable interests as well as any variable interests of our related parties in making this determination. Where both of these factors are present, we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary and we consolidate the VIE. Where either one of these factors is not present, we are not the primary beneficiary and do not consolidate the VIE.

To assess whether we have the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, we consider all facts and circumstances, including our role in establishing the VIE and our ongoing rights and responsibilities. This assessment includes: (i) identifying the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and (ii) identifying which party, if any, has power over those activities. In general, the parties that make the most significant decisions affecting the VIE or have the right to unilaterally remove those decision makers are deemed to have the power to direct the activities of a VIE. The right to remove the decision maker in a VIE must be exercisable without cause for the decision maker to not be deemed the party that has the power to direct the activities of a VIE.

To assess whether we have the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, we consider all of our economic interests, including debt and equity investments, servicing fees and other arrangements deemed to be variable interests in the VIE. This assessment requires that we apply judgment in determining whether these interests, in the aggregate, are considered potentially significant to the VIE. Factors considered in assessing significance include: the design of the VIE, including its capitalization structure; subordination of interests; payment priority; relative share of interests held across various classes within the VIE’s capital structure; and the reasons why the interests are held by us.

Our purchased investment securities include unrated and non-investment grade rated securities issued by securitization trusts. In certain cases, we may contract to provide special servicing activities for these trusts, or, as holder of the controlling class, we may have the right to name and remove the special servicer for these trusts. In our role as special servicer, we provide services on defaulted loans within the trusts, such as foreclosure or work-out procedures, as permitted by the underlying contractual agreements. In exchange for these services, we receive a fee. These rights give us the ability to direct activities that could significantly impact the trust’s economic performance. However, in those instances where an unrelated third party has the right to unilaterally remove us as special servicer without cause, we do not have the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the trust’s economic performance. We evaluated all of our positions in such investments for consolidation.

For securitization VIEs in which we are determined to be the primary beneficiary, all of the underlying assets, liabilities and equity of the structures are recorded on our books, and the initial investment, along with any associated unrealized holding gains and losses, are eliminated in consolidation. Similarly, the interest income earned from these structures, as well as the fees paid by these trusts to us in our capacity as special servicer, are eliminated in consolidation. Further, an allocable portion of the identified servicing intangible asset associated with the servicing fee streams, and the corresponding allocable amortization or change in fair value of the servicing intangible asset, are also eliminated in consolidation.

We perform ongoing reassessments of: (i) whether any entities previously evaluated under the majority voting interest framework have become VIEs, based on certain events, and therefore subject to the VIE consolidation framework, and (ii) whether changes in the facts and circumstances regarding our involvement with a VIE causes our consolidation conclusion regarding the VIE to change.

We elect the fair value option for initial and subsequent recognition of the assets and liabilities of our consolidated securitization VIEs. Interest income and interest expense associated with these VIEs are no longer relevant on a standalone basis because these amounts are already reflected in the fair value changes. We have elected to present these items in a single line on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The residual difference shown on our condensed consolidated statements of operations in the line item “Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs” represents our beneficial interest in the VIEs.

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We separately present the assets and liabilities of our consolidated securitization VIEs as individual line items on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The liabilities of our consolidated securitization VIEs consist solely of obligations to the bondholders of the related trusts, and are thus presented as a single line item entitled “VIE liabilities.” The assets of our consolidated securitization VIEs consist principally of loans, but at times, also include foreclosed loans which have been temporarily converted into real estate owned (“REO”). These assets in the aggregate are likewise presented as a single line item entitled “VIE assets.”

Loans comprise the vast majority of our securitization VIE assets and are carried at fair value due to the election of the fair value option. When an asset becomes REO, it is due to non-performance of the loan. Because the loan is already at fair value, the carrying value of an REO asset is also initially at fair value. Furthermore, when we consolidate a trust, any existing REO would be consolidated at fair value. Once an asset becomes REO, its disposition time is relatively short. As a result, the carrying value of an REO generally approximates fair value under GAAP.

In addition to sharing a similar measurement method as the loans in a trust, the securitization VIE assets as a whole can only be used to settle the obligations of the consolidated VIE. The assets of our securitization VIEs are not individually accessible by the bondholders, which creates inherent limitations from a valuation perspective. Also creating limitations from a valuation perspective is our role as special servicer, which provides us very limited visibility, if any, into the performing loans of a trust.

REO assets generally represent a very small percentage of the overall asset pool of a trust. In new issue trusts there are no REO assets. We estimate that REO assets constitute approximately 1% of our consolidated securitization VIE assets, with the remaining 99% representing loans. However, it is important to note that the fair value of our securitization VIE assets is determined by reference to our securitization VIE liabilities as permitted under ASU 2014-13, Consolidation (Topic 810): Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity. In other words, our VIE liabilities are more reliably measurable than the VIE assets, resulting in our current measurement methodology which utilizes this value to determine the fair value of our securitization VIE assets as a whole. As a result, these percentages are not necessarily indicative of the relative fair values of each of these asset categories if the assets were to be valued individually.

Due to our accounting policy election under ASU 2014-13, separately presenting two different asset categories would result in an arbitrary assignment of value to each, with one asset category representing a residual amount, as opposed to its fair value. However, as a pool, the fair value of the assets in total is equal to the fair value of the liabilities.

For these reasons, the assets of our securitization VIEs are presented in the aggregate.

Fair Value Option

The guidance in ASC 825, Financial Instruments, provides a fair value option election that allows entities to make an irrevocable election of fair value as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for certain eligible financial assets and liabilities. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. The decision to elect the fair value option is determined on an instrument by instrument basis and must be applied to an entire instrument and is irrevocable once elected. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value pursuant to this guidance are required to be reported separately in our consolidated balance sheets from those instruments using another accounting method.

We have elected the fair value option for certain eligible financial assets and liabilities of our consolidated securitization VIEs, residential loans held-for-investment, loans held-for-sale originated or acquired for future securitization and purchased CMBS issued by VIEs we could consolidate in the future. The fair value elections for VIE and securitization related items were made in order to mitigate accounting mismatches between the carrying value of the instruments and the related assets and liabilities that we consolidate at fair value. The fair value elections for residential mortgage loans held-for-investment were made in order to maintain consistency across all our residential mortgage loans. The fair value elections for mortgage loans held-for-sale were made due to the expected short-term holding period of these instruments.

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Fair Value Measurements

We measure our mortgage-backed securities, derivative assets and liabilities, domestic servicing rights intangible asset and any assets or liabilities where we have elected the fair value option at fair value. When actively quoted observable prices are not available, we either use implied pricing from similar assets and liabilities or valuation models based on net present values of estimated future cash flows, adjusted as appropriate for liquidity, credit, market and/or other risk factors.

As discussed above, we measure the assets and liabilities of consolidated securitization VIEs at fair value pursuant to our election of the fair value option. The securitization VIEs in which we invest are “static”; that is, 0 reinvestment is permitted, and there is no active management of the underlying assets. In determining the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the securitization VIEs, we maximize the use of observable inputs over unobservable inputs. Refer to Note 19 for further discussion regarding our fair value measurements.

Loans Held-for-Investment

Loans that are held for investment are carried at cost, net of unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts, loan fees, and origination costs as applicable, unless the loans are credit deteriorated or we have elected to apply the fair value option at purchase.

Loans Held-For-Sale

Our loans that we intend to sell or liquidate in the short-term are classified as held-for-sale and are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value, unless we have elected to apply the fair value option at origination or purchase.

Credit Losses

Loans and Debt Securities Measured at Amortized Cost

ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. ASC 326 mandates the use of a current expected credit loss model (“CECL”) for estimating future credit losses of certain financial instruments measured at amortized cost, instead of the “incurred loss” credit model previously required under GAAP. The CECL model requires the consideration of possible credit losses over the life of an instrument as opposed to only estimating credit losses upon the occurrence of a discrete loss event under the previous “incurred loss” methodology. The CECL model applies to our loans held-for-investment (“HFI”) and our held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities which are carried at amortized cost, including future funding commitments and accrued interest receivable related to those loans and securities. However, as permitted by ASC 326, we have elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable (which is classified separately on our condensed consolidated balance sheet), but rather write off in a timely manner by reversing interest income and/or cease accruing interest that would likely be uncollectible. Our adoption of the CECL model resulted in a $32.3 million increase to our total allowance for credit losses, which was recognized as a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2020.

As we do not have a history of realized credit losses on our HFI loans and HTM securities, we have subscribed to third party database services to provide us with historical industry losses for both commercial real estate and infrastructure loans. Using these losses as a benchmark, we determine expected credit losses for our loans and securities on a collective basis within our commercial real estate and infrastructure portfolios. See Note 4 for further discussion of our methodologies.

We also evaluate each loan and security measured at amortized cost for credit deterioration at least quarterly. Credit deterioration occurs when it is deemed probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan or security. If a loan or security is considered to be credit deteriorated, we depart from the industry loss rate approach described above and determine the credit loss allowance as any excess of the amortized cost basis of the loan or security over (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the contractual effective interest rate or (ii) the fair value of the collateral, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.

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Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

Separate provisions of ASC 326 apply to our available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities, which are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). We are required to establish an initial credit loss allowance for those securities that are purchased with credit deterioration (“PCD”) by grossing up the amortized cost basis of each security and providing an offsetting credit loss allowance for the difference between expected cash flows and contractual cash flows, both on a present value basis. As of the January 1, 2020 effective date, no such credit loss allowance gross-up was required on our AFS debt securities with PCD due to their individual unrealized gain positions as of that date.

Subsequently, cumulative adverse changes in expected cash flows on our AFS debt securities are recognized currently as an increase to the allowance for credit losses. However, the allowance is limited to the amount by which the AFS debt security’s amortized cost exceeds its fair value. Favorable changes in expected cash flows are first recognized as a decrease to the allowance for credit losses (recognized currently in earnings). Such changes would be recognized as a prospective yield adjustment only when the allowance for credit losses is reduced to zero. A change in expected cash flows that is attributable solely to a change in a variable interest reference rate does not result in a credit loss and is accounted for as a prospective yield adjustment.

Goodwill

ASU 2017-04, Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) – Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. This ASU specifies that goodwill impairment be measured as the excess of the reporting unit’s carrying value (inclusive of goodwill) over its fair value, eliminating the requirement that all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit be remeasured individually in connection with measurement of goodwill impairment.

(Loss) Revenue Recognition

Interest Income

Interest income on performing loans and financial instruments is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount and contractual terms of the instrument. For loans where we do not elect the fair value option, origination fees and direct loan origination costs are also recognized in interest income over the loan term as a yield adjustment using the effective interest method. When we elect the fair value option, origination fees and direct loan costs are recorded directly in income and are not deferred. Discounts or premiums associated with the purchase of non-performing loans and investment securities are amortized or accreted into interest income as a yield adjustment on the effective interest method, based on expected cash flows through the expected maturity date of the investment. On at least a quarterly basis, we review and, if appropriate, make adjustments to our cash flow projections.

We cease accruing interest on non-performing loans at the earlier of (i) the loan becoming significantly past due or (ii) management concluding that a full recovery of all interest and principal is doubtful. Interest income on non-accrual loans in which management expects a full recovery of the loan’s outstanding principal balance is only recognized when received in cash. If a full recovery of principal is doubtful, the cost recovery method is applied whereby any cash received is applied to the outstanding principal balance of the loan. A non-accrual loan is returned to accrual status at such time as the loan becomes contractually current and management believes all future principal and interest will be received according to the contractual loan terms.

For loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality, interest income is only recognized to the extent that our estimate of undiscounted expected principal and interest exceeds our investment in the loan. Such excess, if any, is recognized as interest income on a level-yield basis over the life of the loan.

Upon the sale of loans or securities which are not accounted for pursuant to the fair value option, the excess (or deficiency) of net proceeds over the net carrying value of such loans or securities is recognized as a realized gain (loss).

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Servicing Fees

We typically seek to be the special servicer on CMBS transactions in which we invest. When we are appointed to serve in this capacity, we earn special servicing fees from the related activities performed, which consist primarily of overseeing the workout of under-performing and non-performing loans underlying the CMBS transactions. These fees are recognized in income in the period in which the services are performed and the revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Rental Income

Rental income is recognized when earned from tenants. For leases that provide rent concessions or fixed escalations over the lease term, rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. In net lease arrangements, costs reimbursable from tenants are recognized in rental income in the period in which the related expenses are incurred as we are generally the primary obligor with respect to purchasing goods and services for property operations. In instances where the tenant is responsible for property maintenance and repairs and contracts and settles such costs directly with third party service providers, we do not reflect those expenses in our consolidated statement of operations as the tenant is the primary obligor.

Earnings Per Share

We present both basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share (“EPS”) amounts in our financial statements. Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the maximum potential dilution that could occur from (i) our share-based compensation, consisting of unvested restricted stock (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), (ii) shares contingently issuable to our Manager, (iii) the conversion options associated with our outstanding convertible senior notes (the “Convertible Notes”) (see Notes 10 and 17) and (iv) non-controlling interests that are redeemable with our common stock (see Note 16). Potential dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation if they have an anti-dilutive effect in the period.

Nearly all of the Company’s unvested RSUs and RSAs contain rights to receive non-forfeitable dividends and thus are participating securities. In addition, the non-controlling interests that are redeemable with our common stock are considered participating securities because they earn a preferred return indexed to the dividend rate on our common stock (see Note 16). Due to the existence of these participating securities, the two-class method of computing EPS is required, unless another method is determined to be more dilutive. Under the two-class method, undistributed earnings are reallocated between shares of common stock and participating securities. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, the two-class method resulted in the most dilutive EPS calculation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant and subjective estimate that we make is the projection of cash flows we expect to receive on our loans, investment securities and intangible assets,investments, which has a significant impact on the amountsamount of interest income credit losses (if any) and fair values that we record and/or disclose. In addition, the fair value of financial assets and liabilities that are estimated using a discounted cash flows method is significantly impacted by the rates at which we estimate market participants would discount the expected cash flows.

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In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19)(“COVID-19”) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 has since spread to over 200 countries and territories, including every state in the U.S and in cities and regions where our corporate headquarters and/or properties that secure our investments, or properties that we own, are located.located, and is continuing to spread. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and since then, numerous countries, including the U.S., have declared national emergencies with respect to COVID-19 and have instituted “stay-at-home” guidelines or orders to help prevent its spread. Such actions are creating disruption in global supply chains, increasing rates of unemployment and adversely impacting many industries. The disruptiveoutbreak could have a continued adverse impact on economic effectsand market conditions and trigger a period of global economic slowdown. The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the ultimate adverse impact of COVID-19 pandemicon economic and market conditions. We believe the estimates and assumptions underlying

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our consolidated financial statements are reasonable and supportable based on the information available as of September 30, 2020. However, uncertainty over the ultimate impact COVID-19 will have significantly impactedon the global economy generally, and our business in particular, makes any estimates involving credit losses and fair values duringassumptions as of September 30, 2020 inherently less certain than they would be absent the three months ended March 31, 2020, including introducing a significant degreecurrent and potential impacts of uncertainty underlyingCOVID-19. Actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates.

Recent Accounting Developments

On March 12, 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) – Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or other reference rates expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. This ASU is effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company has not adopted any of the optional expedients or exceptions through March 31,September 30, 2020, but will continue to evaluate the possible adoption of any such expedients or exceptions during the effective period as circumstances evolve.

On August 5, 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), whichremoves certain separation models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock that require the separation into a debt component and an equity or derivative component. Consequently, a convertible debt instrument will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost and a convertible preferred stock will be accounted for as a single equity instrument measured at its historical cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives and the convertible instruments are not issued with substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital. By removing those separation models, the interest rate of convertible debt instruments typically will be closer to the coupon interest rate. ASU 2020-06 also revises the derivative scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity and improves the consistency of EPS calculations. This ASU is effective for larger public business entities’ annual periods, and interim periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2021. Early application is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. We expect to early adopt this ASU effective January 1, 2021 through the modified retrospective method of transition, resulting in a cumulative adjustment to our beginning accumulated deficit as of that date related to our outstanding Convertible Notes. We do not expect the application of this ASU, including the cumulative adjustment upon adoption, to materially impact our consolidated financial statements.

3. Acquisitions and Divestitures

During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, and 2019, we had no significant acquisitions or divestitures of properties or businesses.

Investing and Servicing Segment Property Portfolio

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we sold a property within the Investing and Servicing Segment for $24.1 million. In connection with this sale, we recognized a gain of $7.4 million within gain on sale of investments and other assets in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. There were no significant sales of properties during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we sold a property within the Investing and Servicing Segment for $51.5 million. In connection with this sale, we recognized a gain of $20.7 million within gain on sale of investments and other assets in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, of which $4.0 million was attributable to non-controlling interests.

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4. Loans

Our loans held-for-investment are accounted for at amortized cost and our loans held-for-sale are accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value, unless we have elected the fair value option for either. The following tables summarize our investments in mortgages and loans as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

   

   

   

    

Weighted

    

    

    

    

Weighted

Weighted

Average Life

Weighted

Average Life

Carrying

Face

Average

(“WAL”)

Carrying

Face

Average

(“WAL”)

March 31, 2020

Value

Amount

Coupon (1)

(years)(2)

September 30, 2020

Value

Amount

Coupon (1)

(years)(2)

Loans held-for-investment:

Commercial loans:

First mortgages (3)

$

8,290,772

$

8,318,289

5.3

%  

1.9

$

8,525,273

$

8,548,916

5.3

%  

1.6

Subordinated mortgages (4)

 

68,230

69,485

8.8

%  

3.5

 

69,835

70,979

8.8

%  

3.0

Mezzanine loans (3)

 

523,901

523,963

10.4

%  

2.0

 

588,116

587,223

10.3

%  

1.6

Other

31,058

34,852

8.9

%  

2.2

30,548

34,043

8.9

%  

2.0

Total commercial loans

8,913,961

8,946,589

9,213,772

9,241,161

Infrastructure first priority loans(6)

1,397,404

1,416,147

5.0

%  

4.7

1,558,220

1,578,030

4.2

%  

4.3

Residential mortgage loans, fair value option (5)

274,758

276,661

6.2

%  

4.1

256,407

249,323

6.2

%  

3.4

Total loans held-for-investment

 

10,586,123

10,639,397

 

11,028,399

11,068,514

Loans held-for-sale:

Residential, fair value option (5)

886,076

892,815

6.1

%  

4.1

747,654

742,106

6.0

%  

3.4

Commercial, fair value option

186,963

185,535

3.9

%  

10.0

265,019

266,370

4.1

%  

10.0

Infrastructure, lower of cost or fair value

102,020

103,007

2.9

%  

2.2

Total loans held-for-sale

1,175,059

1,181,357

1,012,673

1,008,476

Total gross loans

 

11,761,182

$

11,820,754

 

12,041,072

$

12,076,990

Credit loss allowances:

Commercial loans held-for-investment

(81,054)

(95,595)

Infrastructure loans held-for-investment

(16,133)

(14,152)

Total held-for-investment allowances

(97,187)

Infrastructure loans held-for-sale with a fair value allowance

(125)

Total allowances

(97,312)

(109,747)

Total net loans

$

11,663,870

$

11,931,325

December 31, 2019

Loans held-for-investment:

Commercial loans:

First mortgages (3)

$

7,928,026

$

7,962,788

5.8

%  

2.0

$

7,928,026

$

7,962,788

5.8

%  

2.0

Subordinated mortgages (4)

 

75,724

 

77,055

8.8

%  

3.4

 

75,724

 

77,055

8.8

%  

3.4

Mezzanine loans (3)

 

484,164

 

484,408

11.0

%  

1.9

 

484,164

 

484,408

11.0

%  

1.9

Other

62,555

66,525

8.2

%  

1.6

62,555

66,525

8.2

%  

1.6

Total commercial loans

8,550,469

8,590,776

8,550,469

8,590,776

Infrastructure first priority loans

1,397,448

 

1,416,164

5.6

%  

4.9

1,397,448

 

1,416,164

5.6

%  

4.9

Residential mortgage loans, fair value option

671,572

654,925

6.1

%  

3.8

671,572

654,925

6.1

%  

3.8

Total loans held-for-investment

 

10,619,489

10,661,865

 

10,619,489

10,661,865

Loans held-for-sale:

Residential, fair value option

605,384

587,144

6.2

%  

3.9

605,384

587,144

6.2

%  

3.9

Commercial, fair value option

159,238

160,635

3.9

%  

10.0

159,238

160,635

3.9

%  

10.0

Infrastructure, lower of cost or fair value

119,724

121,271

3.3

%  

2.1

119,724

121,271

3.3

%  

2.1

Total loans held-for-sale

884,346

869,050

884,346

869,050

Total gross loans

 

11,503,835

$

11,530,915

 

11,503,835

$

11,530,915

Credit loss allowances:

Commercial loans held-for-investment

(33,415)

(33,415)

Infrastructure loans held-for-investment

Total held-for-investment allowances

(33,415)

(33,415)

Infrastructure loans held-for-sale with a fair value allowance

(196)

(196)

Total allowances

(33,611)

(33,611)

Total net loans

$

11,470,224

$

11,470,224

(1)Calculated using LIBOR or other applicable index rates as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 for variable rate loans.

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(1)Calculated using LIBOR or other applicable index rates as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 for variable rate loans.

(2)Represents the WAL of each respective group of loans as of the respective balance sheet date. The WAL of each individual loan is calculated using amounts and timing of future principal payments, as projected at origination or acquisition.

(3)First mortgages include first mortgage loans and any contiguous mezzanine loan components because as a whole, the expected credit quality of these loans is more similar to that of a first mortgage loan.  The application of this methodology resulted in mezzanine loans with carrying values of $968.2$896.8 million and $967.0 million being classified as first mortgages as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

(4)Subordinated mortgages include B-Notes and junior participation in first mortgages where we do not own the senior A-Note or senior participation. If we own both the A-Note and B-Note, we categorize the loan as a first mortgage loan.

(5)During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, $422.7 million of residential loans held-for-investment were reclassified into residentialloans held-for-sale.

(6)During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, $104.3 million of infrastructure loans held-for-sale were reclassified into loans held-for-investment and $26.3 million of infrastructure loans held-for-investment were reclassified into loans held-for-sale.

As of March 31,September 30, 2020, our variable rate loans held-for-investment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Carrying

Weighted-average

Carrying

Weighted-average

March 31, 2020

Value

Spread Above Index

September 30, 2020

Value

Spread Above Index

Commercial loans

$

8,360,382

4.2

%  

$

8,568,112

4.2

%  

Infrastructure loans

1,397,404

3.8

%  

1,558,220

3.8

%  

Total variable rate loans held-for-investment

$

9,757,786

4.1

%  

$

10,126,332

4.1

%  

Credit Loss Allowances

As discussed in Note 2, we do not have a history of realized credit losses on our HFI loans and HTM securities, so we have subscribed to third party database services to provide us with industry losses for both commercial real estate and infrastructure loans. Using these losses as a benchmark, we determine expected credit losses for our loans and securities on a collective basis within our commercial real estate and infrastructure portfolios.

For our commercial loans, we utilize a loan loss model that is widely used among banks and commercial mortgage REITs and is marketed by a leading CMBS data analytics provider. It employs logistic regression to forecast expected losses at the loan level based on a commercial real estate loan securitization database that contains activity dating back to 1998. We provide specific loan-level inputs which include loan-to-stabilized-value (LTV) and debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) metrics, as well as principal balances, property type, location, coupon, origination year, term, subordination, expected repayment dates and future fundings. We also select from a group of independent five-year macroeconomic forecasts included in the model that are updated regularly based on current economic trends. We categorize the results by LTV range, which we consider the most significant indicator of credit quality for our commercial loans, as set forth in the credit quality indicator table below. A lower LTV ratio typically indicates a lower credit loss risk.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, each of the macroeconomic forecasts in our model indicated a substantial macroeconomic recovery from the three months ended June 30, 2020, with growth expected to continue into the next five years. These macroeconomic forecasts do not differentiate among property types or asset classes. Instead, these forecasts reference general macroeconomic growth factors which apply broadly across all assets. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a more negative impact on certain property types, principally retail and hospitality, which have withstood extended government mandated closures, and more recently office, which is experiencing lower demand due to remote working arrangements. The broad macroeconomic forecasts do not account

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for such differentiation. Accordingly, we have selected a more adverse macroeconomic recovery forecast related to these property types in determining our credit loss allowance.

For our infrastructure loans, we utilize a database of historical infrastructure loan performance that is shared among a consortium of banks and other lenders and compiled by a major bond credit rating agency. The database is representative of industry-wide project finance activity dating back to 1983. We derive historical loss rates from the database filtered by industry, sub-industry, term and construction status for each of our infrastructure loans. Those historical loss rates reflect global economic cycles over a long period of time as well as average recovery rates. However, due to limited information in the first 20 years covered by the database, we have further applied a recessionary multiplier to those historical loss rates as of March 31,September 30, 2020. For the first six months of 2020, the multiplier was determined with reference to reflect the current2008 financial crisis, where the magnitude of economic distress within infrastructure lending seemed to correlate to the economic deterioration caused by the COVID-19 pandemic which seemspandemic.  During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the stronger market liquidity and deal flow experienced within infrastructure lending seemed to most closely resemblecorrelate to 2011, when this market began emerging from the magnitude of2008 crisis.  As such, the economic distress of the 2008

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financial crisis.multiplier for this period was determined with reference to 2011. We categorize the results between the power and oil and gas industries, which we consider the most significant indicator of credit quality for our infrastructure loans, as set forth in the credit quality indicator table below.

As discussed in Note 2, we use a discounted cash flow or collateral value approach, rather than the industry loan loss approach described above, to determine credit loss allowances for any credit deteriorated loans.

We regularly evaluate the extent and impact of any credit deterioration associated with the performance and/or value of the underlying collateral, as well as the financial and operating capability of the borrower. Specifically, the collateral’s operating results and any cash reserves are analyzed and used to assess (i) whether cash flow from operations is sufficient to cover the debt service requirements currently and into the future, (ii) the ability of the borrower to refinance the loan and/or (iii) the collateral’s liquidation value. We also evaluate the financial wherewithal of any loan guarantors as well as the borrower’s competency in managing and operating the collateral. In addition, we consider the overall economic environment, real estate or industry sector, and geographic sub-market in which the borrower operates. Such analyses are completed and reviewed by asset management and finance personnel who utilize various data sources, including (i) periodic financial data such as property operating statements, occupancy, tenant profile, rental rates, operating expenses, the borrower’s exit plan, and capitalization and discount rates, (ii) site inspections and (iii) current credit spreads and discussions with market participants.

The significant credit quality indicators for our loans measured at amortized cost, which excludes loans held-for-sale, were as follows as of March 31,September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

  

Term Loans

  

Revolving Loans

  

Total

  

Credit

Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Amortized Cost

Amortized

Loss

 

Term Loans

  

Revolving Loans

  

Total

  

Credit

Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Amortized Cost

Amortized

Loss

As of March 31, 2020

2020

 

2019

 

2018

  

2017

  

2016

  

Prior

Total

Cost Basis

Allowance

As of September 30, 2020

2020

  

2019

  

2018

  

2017

  

2016

  

Prior

Total

Cost Basis

Allowance

Commercial loans:

Credit quality indicator:

LTV < 60%

$

443,347

$

1,261,635

$

874,787

$

1,083,919

$

150,108

$

251,913

$

$

4,065,709

$

11,005

$

618,232

$

1,084,103

$

977,021

$

1,031,872

$

154,198

$

215,747

$

$

4,081,173

$

11,751

LTV 60% - 70%

135,804

928,481

1,448,921

474,098

53,385

169,668

3,210,357

25,356

138,058

1,469,532

1,653,299

35,931

53,450

191,211

3,541,481

35,691

LTV > 70%

159,833

789,538

326,551

127,046

60,712

1,463,680

14,840

384,045

582,334

243,452

140,914

75,250

1,425,995

18,300

Credit deteriorated

37,568

7,755

105,589

150,912

29,853

28,986

7,755

105,589

142,330

29,853

Defeased and other

23,303

23,303

22,793

22,793

Total commercial

$

738,984

$

2,979,654

$

2,687,827

$

1,692,818

$

203,493

$

611,185

$

$

8,913,961

$

81,054

$

1,140,335

$

3,135,969

$

2,902,758

$

1,216,472

$

207,648

$

610,590

$

$

9,213,772

$

95,595

Infrastructure loans:

Credit quality indicator:

Power

$

$

257,135

$

307,233

$

120,627

$

199,828

$

249,584

$

23,778

$

1,158,185

$

9,654

$

$

246,675

$

300,909

$

148,159

$

188,331

$

312,176

$

23,413

$

1,219,663

$

7,692

Oil and gas

154,429

84,790

239,219

6,479

234,119

102,822

1,616

338,557

6,460

Total infrastructure

$

$

411,564

$

392,023

$

120,627

$

199,828

$

249,584

$

23,778

1,397,404

16,133

$

$

480,794

$

403,731

$

148,159

$

188,331

$

312,176

$

25,029

$

1,558,220

$

14,152

Residential loans held-for-investment, fair value option

274,758

256,407

Loans held-for-sale

1,175,059

125

1,012,673

Total gross loans

$

11,761,182

$

97,312

$

12,041,072

$

109,747

As of March 31,September 30, 2020, certain first mortgage, mezzanine and unsecured promissorywe had credit deteriorated commercial loans with an amortized cost basis of $101.4 million related to a residential conversion project and 2 subordinated mortgages$142.3 million.  These loans were on department storesnonaccrual status, with an amortized cost basis of $12.0 million were credit deteriorated and 90 days or greater past due, as were $7.8 million of residential loans. In accordance with our interest income recognition policy, these loans, along with a $37.6 million credit deteriorated loan still current in payment (also related to the residential conversion project), were placed on non-accrual status. We apply the cost recovery method of interest income recognition for all these credit deteriorated loans.

applied. In

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addition to $113.4 million of these loans, we had a $173.3 million commercial loan and $13.4 million of residential loans that were 90 days or greater past due at September 30, 2020.  Any loans which are modified to provide for the deferral of interest are not considered past due and are accounted for in accordance with our revenue recognition policy on interest income.

The following tables present the activity in our credit loss allowance for funded loans and unfunded commitments (amounts in thousands):

   

   

Loans

   

Funded Commitments Credit Loss Allowance

Loans Held-for-Investment

Held-for-Sale

Total

   

   

Loans

   

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Commercial

Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Funded Loans

Loans Held-for-Investment

Held-for-Sale

Total

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Commercial

Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Funded Loans

Credit loss allowance at December 31, 2019

$

33,415

$

$

196

$

33,611

$

33,415

$

$

196

$

33,611

Cumulative effect of ASC 326 effective January 1, 2020

10,112

10,328

20,440

10,112

10,328

20,440

Credit loss provision, net

 

37,527

 

5,805

 

 

43,332

Credit loss provision (reversal), net

 

53,110

 

3,824

 

(125)

 

56,809

Charge-offs

 

 

 

(71)

 

(71)

 

(1,042)

 

 

(71)

 

(1,113)

Recoveries

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Credit loss allowance at March 31, 2020

$

81,054

$

16,133

$

125

$

97,312

Credit loss allowance at September 30, 2020

$

95,595

$

14,152

$

$

109,747

Unfunded Commitments Credit Loss Allowance (1)

Unfunded Commitments Credit Loss Allowance (1)

Loans Held-for-Investment

HTM Preferred

Loans Held-for-Investment

HTM Preferred

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

   

Commercial

   

Infrastructure

   

Interests (2)

   

Total

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

   

Commercial

   

Infrastructure

   

Interests (2)

   

Total

Credit loss allowance at December 31, 2019

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Cumulative effect of ASC 326 effective January 1, 2020

8,348

2,205

10,553

8,348

2,205

10,553

Credit loss (reversal) provision, net

 

(195)

 

2,645

 

1,980

 

4,430

Credit loss allowance at March 31, 2020

$

8,153

$

4,850

$

1,980

$

14,983

Memo: Unfunded commitments as of March 31, 2020 (3)

$

2,447,330

$

180,829

$

17,261

$

2,645,420

Credit loss reversal, net

 

(3,156)

 

(664)

 

 

(3,820)

Credit loss allowance at September 30, 2020

$

5,192

$

1,541

$

$

6,733

Memo: Unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2020 (3)

$

1,630,823

$

95,421

$

$

1,726,244

(1)Included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

(2)See Note 5 for further details.

(3)Represents amounts expected to be funded (see Note 21).

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Loan Portfolio Activity

The activity in our loan portfolio was as follows (amounts in thousands):

Held-for-Investment Loans

Held-for-Investment Loans

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Commercial

Infrastructure

Residential

Held-for-Sale Loans

Total Loans

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Commercial

Infrastructure

Residential

Held-for-Sale Loans

Total Loans

Balance at December 31, 2019

$

8,517,054

$

1,397,448

$

671,572

$

884,150

$

11,470,224

$

8,517,054

$

1,397,448

$

671,572

$

884,150

$

11,470,224

Cumulative effect of ASC 326 effective January 1, 2020

(10,112)

(10,328)

(20,440)

(10,112)

(10,328)

(20,440)

Acquisitions/originations/additional funding

 

1,089,096

 

62,929

 

100,720

 

646,160

 

1,898,905

 

2,090,964

 

177,247

 

100,720

 

1,800,018

 

4,168,949

Capitalized interest (1)

 

36,072

 

 

 

 

36,072

 

105,329

 

48

 

��

 

 

105,377

Basis of loans sold (2)

 

 

 

(604)

 

(789,259)

 

(789,863)

 

(397,038)

 

 

(604)

 

(2,035,770)

 

(2,433,412)

Loan maturities/principal repayments

 

(689,972)

 

(37,051)

 

(48,620)

 

(20,680)

 

(796,323)

 

(1,148,317)

 

(96,150)

 

(76,025)

 

(75,632)

 

(1,396,124)

Discount accretion/premium amortization

 

11,559

 

411

 

 

110

 

12,080

 

28,686

 

1,672

 

 

110

 

30,468

Changes in fair value

 

 

 

(25,619)

 

9,485

 

(16,134)

 

 

 

(16,565)

 

96,265

 

79,700

Unrealized foreign currency translation loss

 

(83,263)

 

 

 

(4,056)

 

(87,319)

 

(15,279)

 

(38)

 

 

(1,291)

 

(16,608)

Credit loss provision, net

 

(37,527)

 

(5,805)

 

 

 

(43,332)

Credit loss (provision) reversal, net

 

(53,110)

 

(3,824)

 

 

125

 

(56,809)

Transfer to/from other asset classifications

(26,333)

(422,691)

449,024

77,993

(422,691)

344,698

Balance at March 31, 2020

$

8,832,907

$

1,381,271

$

274,758

$

1,174,934

$

11,663,870

Balance at September 30, 2020

$

9,118,177

$

1,544,068

$

256,407

$

1,012,673

$

11,931,325

Loans

Loans

Transferred

Transferred

Held-for-Investment Loans

As Secured

Held-for-Investment Loans

As Secured

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Commercial

Infrastructure

Borrowings

Held-for-Sale Loans

Total Loans

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Commercial

Infrastructure

Held-for-Sale Loans

Borrowings

Total Loans

Balance at December 31, 2018

$

7,075,577

$

1,456,779

$

74,346

$

1,187,552

$

9,794,254

$

7,075,577

$

1,456,779

$

1,187,552

$

74,346

$

9,794,254

Acquisitions/originations/additional funding

 

1,005,325

 

275,079

 

 

747,265

 

2,027,669

 

2,489,120

 

387,599

 

2,731,110

 

 

5,607,829

Capitalized interest (1)

 

22,137

 

 

 

 

22,137

 

79,869

 

 

 

 

79,869

Basis of loans sold (2)

 

(393,556)

 

 

 

(733,645)

 

(1,127,201)

 

(548,329)

 

 

(2,164,908)

 

 

(2,713,237)

Loan maturities/principal repayments

 

(251,530)

 

(281,898)

 

(74,692)

 

(22,845)

 

(630,965)

 

(1,695,388)

 

(563,736)

 

(95,262)

 

(74,692)

 

(2,429,078)

Discount accretion/premium amortization

 

7,043

 

137

 

346

 

 

7,526

 

22,674

 

1,173

 

 

346

 

24,193

Changes in fair value

 

 

 

 

11,266

 

11,266

 

1,496

 

 

64,182

 

 

65,678

Unrealized foreign currency translation gain

 

12,089

 

 

 

2,119

 

14,208

Credit loss reversal (provision), net

 

11

 

 

 

(774)

 

(763)

Unrealized foreign currency translation (loss) gain

 

(37,473)

 

 

282

 

 

(37,191)

Credit loss provision, net

 

(2,046)

 

 

(1,196)

 

 

(3,242)

Loan foreclosures

(8,963)

(8,963)

(27,303)

(27,303)

Transfer to/from other asset classifications

46,495

(46,448)

47

279,641

(279,641)

Balance at March 31, 2019

$

7,514,628

$

1,450,097

$

$

1,144,490

$

10,109,215

Balance at September 30, 2019

$

7,637,838

$

1,281,815

$

1,442,119

$

$

10,361,772

(1)     Represents accrued interest income on loans whose terms do not require current payment of interest.

(2)     See Note 11 for additional disclosure on these transactions.

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5. Investment Securities

Investment securities were comprised of the following as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Carrying Value as of

Carrying Value as of

March 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

September 30, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

RMBS, available-for-sale

$

170,640

$

189,576

$

170,270

$

189,576

RMBS, fair value option (1)

149,914

147,034

373,682

147,034

CMBS, fair value option (1), (2)

 

1,200,714

 

1,295,363

 

1,194,191

 

1,295,363

HTM debt securities, amortized cost net of credit loss allowance of $5,037 and $0

 

565,851

 

570,638

HTM debt securities, amortized cost net of credit loss allowance of $6,425 and $0

 

541,296

 

570,638

Equity security, fair value

 

8,626

 

12,664

 

10,058

 

12,664

SubtotalInvestment securities

 

2,095,745

 

2,215,275

 

2,289,497

 

2,215,275

VIE eliminations (1)

 

(1,317,773)

(1,405,037)

 

(1,544,384)

(1,405,037)

Total investment securities

$

777,972

$

810,238

$

745,113

$

810,238

(1)Certain fair value option CMBS and RMBS are eliminated in consolidation against VIE liabilities pursuant to ASC 810.

(2)Includes $170.1$178.6 million and $186.6 million of non-controlling interests in the consolidated entities which hold certain of these CMBS as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Purchases, sales and principal collections for all investment securities were as follows (amounts in thousands):

RMBS,

RMBS, fair

CMBS, fair

HTM

Equity

Securitization

RMBS,

RMBS, fair

CMBS, fair

HTM

Securitization

    

available-for-sale

   

value option

   

value option

   

Securities

  

Security

   

VIEs (1)

   

Total

    

available-for-sale

    

value option

    

value option

    

Securities

    

VIEs (1)

    

Total

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Purchases/fundings

$

$

29,292

$

7,661

$

5,729

$

$

(36,953)

$

5,729

$

$

43,083

$

$

6,288

$

(43,083)

$

6,288

Sales

 

 

 

32,316

 

 

 

(24,376)

 

7,940

Principal collections

 

6,549

 

8,572

 

16,523

 

6,638

 

 

(24,723)

 

13,559

 

6,063

 

12,132

 

8,265

 

11,203

 

(20,185)

 

17,478

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Purchases

$

$

26,272

$

13,262

$

$

$

(39,534)

$

$

$

52,845

$

10,214

$

$

(57,894)

$

5,165

Sales

 

 

 

36,906

 

 

 

(33,678)

 

3,228

 

 

 

49,725

 

 

(49,725)

 

Principal collections

 

6,360

 

2,034

 

9,837

 

1,206

 

 

(11,683)

 

7,754

 

7,445

 

4,680

 

15,859

 

35,069

 

(17,196)

 

45,857

RMBS,

RMBS, fair

CMBS, fair

HTM

Securitization

    

available-for-sale

    

value option

    

value option

    

Securities

    

VIEs (1)

    

Total

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Purchases/fundings

$

$

257,808

$

7,661

$

22,408

$

(265,469)

$

22,408

Sales

 

 

 

32,316

 

 

(24,376)

 

7,940

Principal collections

 

18,626

 

32,236

 

25,715

 

48,554

 

(57,174)

 

67,957

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Purchases

$

$

79,117

$

62,427

$

$

(136,379)

$

5,165

Sales

 

 

41,501

 

112,426

 

 

(149,949)

 

3,978

Principal collections

 

20,222

 

9,772

 

37,768

 

89,737

 

(38,607)

 

118,892

(1)Represents RMBS and CMBS, fair value option amounts eliminated due to our consolidation of securitization VIEs. These amounts are reflected as issuance or repayment of debt of, or distributions from, consolidated VIEs in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

RMBS, Available-for-Sale

The Company classified all of its RMBS not eliminated in consolidation as available-for-sale as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. These RMBS are reported at fair value in the balance sheet with changes in fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”).

The tables below summarize various attributes of our investments in available-for-sale RMBS as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Unrealized Gains or (Losses)

Recognized in AOCI

   

   

Credit

   

   

Gross

   

Gross

   

Net

   

Amortized

Loss

Net

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair Value

Cost

Allowance

Basis

Gains

Losses

Adjustment

Fair Value

March 31, 2020

RMBS

$

134,692

$

$

134,692

$

36,514

$

(566)

$

35,948

$

170,640

December 31, 2019

RMBS

$

138,580

$

N/A

$

138,580

$

51,310

$

(314)

$

50,996

$

189,576

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Weighted Average Coupon (1)

    

Weighted Average
Rating

    

WAL 
(Years) (2)

March 31, 2020

RMBS

   

2.4

%  

B+

   

5.8

December 31, 2019

RMBS

 

3.1

%

BB-

5.6

The tables below summarize various attributes of our investments in available-for-sale RMBS as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Unrealized Gains or (Losses)

Recognized in AOCI

   

   

Credit

   

   

Gross

   

Gross

   

Net

   

Amortized

Loss

Net

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair Value

Cost

Allowance

Basis

Gains

Losses

Adjustment

Fair Value

September 30, 2020

RMBS

$

127,921

$

$

127,921

$

42,523

$

(174)

$

42,349

$

170,270

December 31, 2019

RMBS

$

138,580

N/A

$

138,580

$

51,310

$

(314)

$

50,996

$

189,576

    

Weighted Average Coupon (1)

    

Weighted Average
Rating

    

WAL 
(Years) (2)

September 30, 2020

RMBS

   

1.5

%  

B+

   

5.7

December 31, 2019

RMBS

 

3.1

%

BB-

5.6

(1)Calculated using the March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 one-month LIBOR rate of 0.993%0.1483% and 1.763%, respectively, for floating rate securities.

(2)Represents the remaining WAL of each respective group of securities as of the respective balance sheet date. The WAL of each individual security is calculated using projected amounts and projected timing of future principal payments.

As of March 31,September 30, 2020, approximately $144.5 million, or 84.7%84.9%, of RMBS were variable rate and paid interest at LIBOR plus a weighted average spread of 1.25%1.26%. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $160.9 million, or 84.9%, of RMBS were variable rate and paid interest at LIBOR plus a weighted average spread of 1.24%. We purchased all of the RMBS at a discount, a portion of which is accreted into income over the expected remaining life of the security. The majority of the income from this strategy is earned from the accretion of this accretable discount.

We have engaged a third party manager who specializes in RMBS to execute the trading of RMBS, the cost of which was $0.4$0.3 million for both the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, recorded as management fees in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of any available-for-sale securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded (amounts in thousands):

Estimated Fair Value

Unrealized Losses

 

Estimated Fair Value

Unrealized Losses

 

    

Securities with a

    

Securities with a

    

Securities with a

    

Securities with a

 

    

Securities with a

    

Securities with a

    

Securities with a

    

Securities with a

 

loss less than

loss greater than

loss less than

loss greater than

 

loss less than

loss greater than

loss less than

loss greater than

 

12 months

12 months

12 months

12 months

 

12 months

12 months

12 months

12 months

 

As of March 31, 2020

As of September 30, 2020

RMBS

$

3,267

$

1,157

$

(198)

$

(368)

$

412

$

1,194

$

(45)

$

(129)

As of December 31, 2019

RMBS

$

$

1,380

$

$

(314)

$

$

1,380

$

$

(314)

As of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 52 securities and 1 security, respectively, with unrealized losses reflected in the table above. After evaluating the securities and recording adjustments for credit losses, we concluded that the remaining unrealized losses reflected above were noncredit-related and would be recovered from the securities’ estimated future cash flows. We considered a number of factors in reaching this conclusion, including that we did not intend to sell the securities, it was not considered more likely than not that we would be forced to sell the securities prior to recovering our amortized cost, and there were no material credit events that would have caused us to otherwise conclude that we would not recover our cost. Credit losses are calculated by comparing (i) the estimated future cash flows of each security discounted at the yield determined as of the initial acquisition date or, if since revised, as of the last date previously revised, to (ii) our net amortized cost basis. Significant judgment is used in projecting cash flows for our non-agency RMBS. As a result, actual income and/or credit losses could be materially different from what is currently projected and/or reported.

CMBS and RMBS, Fair Value Option

As discussed in the “Fair Value Option” section of Note 2 herein, we elect the fair value option for certain CMBS and RMBS in an effort to eliminate accounting mismatches resulting from the current or potential consolidation of securitization VIEs. As of March 31, 2020, the fair value and unpaid principal balance of CMBS where we have elected the fair value option, excluding the notional value of interest-only securities and before consolidation of securitization VIEs, were $1.2 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, the fair value and unpaid principal balance of RMBS where we have elected the fair value option, excluding the notional value of interest-only securities and before consolidation of securitization VIEs, were $149.9 million and $97.1 million, respectively. The $1.4 billion total fair value balance of CMBS and RMBS represents our economic interests in these assets. However, as a

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since revised, as of the last date previously revised, to (ii) our net amortized cost basis. Significant judgment is used in projecting cash flows for our non-agency RMBS. As a result, actual income and/or credit losses could be materially different from what is currently projected and/or reported.

CMBS and RMBS, Fair Value Option

As discussed in the “Fair Value Option” section of Note 2 herein, we elect the fair value option for certain CMBS and RMBS in an effort to eliminate accounting mismatches resulting from the current or potential consolidation of securitization VIEs. As of September 30, 2020, the fair value and unpaid principal balance of CMBS where we have elected the fair value option, excluding the notional value of interest-only securities and before consolidation of securitization VIEs, were $1.2 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, the fair value and unpaid principal balance of RMBS where we have elected the fair value option, excluding the notional value of interest-only securities and before consolidation of securitization VIEs, were $373.7 million and $275.8 million, respectively. The $1.6 billion total fair value balance of CMBS and RMBS represents our economic interests in these assets. However, as a result of our consolidation of securitization VIEs, the vast majority of this fair value (all except $32.9$23.5 million at March 31,September 30, 2020) is eliminated against VIE liabilities before arriving at our GAAP balance for fair value option investment securities.

As of March 31,September 30, 2020, $104.7$96.9 million of our CMBS were variable rate and NaN of our RMBS were variable rate.

HTM Debt Securities, Amortized Cost

The table below summarizes our investments in HTM debt securities as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Amortized

Credit Loss

Net Carrying

Gross Unrealized

Gross Unrealized

 

Amortized

Credit Loss

Net Carrying

Gross Unrealized

Gross Unrealized

 

Cost Basis

Allowance

Amount

Holding Gains

Holding Losses

Fair Value

 

Cost Basis

Allowance

Amount

Holding Gains

Holding Losses

Fair Value

 

March 31, 2020

    

    

    

 

September 30, 2020

    

    

    

 

CMBS

$

375,873

$

$

375,873

$

104

$

(17,975)

$

358,002

$

338,984

$

$

338,984

$

$

(23,277)

$

315,707

Preferred interests

147,855

(2,018)

145,837

(7,977)

137,860

165,952

(3,453)

162,499

(5,550)

156,949

Infrastructure bonds

47,160

(3,019)

44,141

307

(42)

44,406

42,785

(2,972)

39,813

352

(13)

40,152

Total

$

570,888

$

(5,037)

$

565,851

$

411

$

(25,994)

$

540,268

$

547,721

$

(6,425)

$

541,296

$

352

$

(28,840)

$

512,808

December 31, 2019

CMBS

$

383,473

$

$

383,473

$

946

$

(3,001)

$

381,418

$

383,473

$

$

383,473

$

946

$

(3,001)

$

381,418

Preferred interests

142,012

142,012

1,148

(353)

142,807

142,012

142,012

1,148

(353)

142,807

Infrastructure bonds

45,153

45,153

(651)

44,502

45,153

45,153

(651)

44,502

Total

$

570,638

$

$

570,638

$

2,094

$

(4,005)

$

568,727

$

570,638

$

$

570,638

$

2,094

$

(4,005)

$

568,727

The following table presents the activity in our credit loss allowance for HTM debt securities (amounts in thousands):

Total HTM

Total HTM

Preferred

Infrastructure

Credit Loss

Preferred

Infrastructure

Credit Loss

CMBS

Interests

Bonds

Allowance

Interests

Bonds

Allowance

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Credit loss allowance at December 31, 2019

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Cumulative effect of ASC 326 effective January 1, 2020:

Beginning accumulated deficit charge

1,114

179

1,293

1,114

179

1,293

Gross-up of PCD bond amortized cost basis

2,837

2,837

2,837

2,837

Credit loss provision, net

904

3

907

2,339

(44)

2,295

Charge-offs

Recoveries

Credit loss allowance at March 31, 2020

$

$

2,018

$

3,019

$

5,037

Credit loss allowance at September 30, 2020

$

3,453

$

2,972

$

6,425

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The table below summarizes the maturities of our HTM debt securities by type as of March 31,September 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands):

Preferred

Infrastructure

Preferred

Infrastructure

CMBS

Interests

Bonds

Total

CMBS

Interests

Bonds

Total

Less than one year

    

$

278,404

$

$

5,312

$

283,716

    

$

268,084

$

$

2,632

$

270,716

One to three years

97,469

140,542

238,011

70,900

141,000

211,900

Three to five years

5,295

5,295

21,499

21,499

Thereafter

 

38,829

38,829

 

37,181

37,181

Total

$

375,873

$

145,837

$

44,141

$

565,851

$

338,984

$

162,499

$

39,813

$

541,296

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Equity Security, Fair Value Option

During 2012, we acquired 9,140,000 ordinary shares from a related-party in Starwood European Real Estate Finance Limited (“SEREF”), a debt fund that is externally managed by an affiliate of our Manager and is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The fair value of the investment remeasured in USD was $8.6$10.1 million and $12.7 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. As of March 31,September 30, 2020, our shares represent an approximate 2% interest in SEREF.

6. Properties

Our properties are held within the following portfolios:

Woodstar I Portfolio

The Woodstar I Portfolio is comprised of 32 affordable housing communities with 8,948 units concentrated primarily in the Tampa, Orlando and West Palm Beach metropolitan areas. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we acquired 18 of the 32 affordable housing communities of the Woodstar I Portfolio with the final 14 communities acquired during the year ended December 31, 2016. The Woodstar I Portfolio includes total gross properties and lease intangibles of $631.1$634.0 million and federal, state and county sponsored financing and other debt of $477.8$572.2 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

Woodstar II Portfolio

The Woodstar II Portfolio is comprised of 27 affordable housing communities with 6,109 units concentrated primarily in Central and South Florida. We acquired 8 of the 27 affordable housing communities in December 2017, with the final 19 communities acquired during the year ended December 31, 2018. The Woodstar II Portfolio includes total gross properties and lease intangibles of $606.4$607.7 million and debt of $436.9$437.0 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

Medical Office Portfolio

The Medical Office Portfolio is comprised of 34 medical office buildings acquired during the year ended December 31, 2016. These properties, which collectively comprise 1.9 million square feet, are geographically dispersed throughout the U.S. and primarily affiliated with major hospitals or located on or adjacent to major hospital campuses. The Medical Office Portfolio includes total gross properties and lease intangibles of $759.9$760.1 million and debt of $590.8$591.9 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

Master Lease Portfolio

The Master Lease Portfolio is comprised of 16 retail properties geographically dispersed throughout the U.S., with more than 50% of the portfolio, by carrying value, located in Florida, Texas and Minnesota. These properties, which we acquired in September 2017, collectively comprise 1.9 million square feet and were leased back to the seller under corporate guaranteed master net lease agreements with initial terms of 24.6 years and periodic rent escalations. The Master Lease Portfolio includes total gross properties of $343.8 million and debt of $192.5$192.6 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

Investing and Servicing Segment Property Portfolio

The Investing and Servicing Segment Property Portfolio (“REIS Equity Portfolio”) is comprised of 16 commercial real estate properties and 1 equity interest in an unconsolidated commercial real estate property which were acquired from CMBS trusts during the previous five years. The REIS Equity Portfolio includes total gross properties and lease intangibles of $282.2 million and debt of $197.9 million as of March 31, 2020.

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Investing and Servicing Segment Property Portfolio

The Investing and Servicing Segment Property Portfolio (“REIS Equity Portfolio”) is comprised of 15 commercial real estate properties and 1 equity interest in an unconsolidated commercial real estate property which were acquired from CMBS trusts during the previous five years. The REIS Equity Portfolio includes total gross properties and lease intangibles of $266.5 million and debt of $169.2 million as of September 30, 2020.

The table below summarizes our properties held as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

    

Depreciable Life

    

March 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

    

Depreciable Life

    

September 30, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

Property Segment

Land and land improvements

0 – 15 years

$

484,673

$

484,397

0 – 15 years

$

484,722

$

484,397

Buildings and building improvements

5 – 45 years

1,688,284

1,687,756

5 – 45 years

1,689,004

1,687,756

Furniture & fixtures

3 – 7 years

54,277

52,567

3 – 7 years

57,894

52,567

Investing and Servicing Segment

Land and land improvements

0 – 15 years

54,150

54,052

0 – 15 years

50,789

54,052

Buildings and building improvements

3 – 40 years

186,329

182,048

3 – 40 years

175,676

182,048

Furniture & fixtures

2 – 5 years

2,265

2,139

2 – 5 years

2,513

2,139

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment (1)

Land and land improvements

0 – 7 years

11,386

11,386

0 – 10 years

11,416

11,386

Buildings and building improvements

10 – 23 years

16,322

16,285

10 – 23 years

17,424

16,285

Properties, cost

2,497,686

2,490,630

2,489,438

2,490,630

Less: accumulated depreciation

(244,616)

(224,190)

(281,616)

(224,190)

Properties, net

$

2,253,070

$

2,266,440

$

2,207,822

$

2,266,440

(1)Represents properties acquired through loan foreclosure.

NaNDuring the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we sold an operating properties were sold duringproperty within the REIS Equity Portfolio for $24.1 million. In connection with this sale, we recognized a gain of $7.4 million within gain on sale of investments and other assets in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020September 30, 2019, we sold 1 operating property for $51.5 million. In connection with this sale, we recognized a gain of $20.7 million within gain on sale of investments and 2019.other assets in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, of which $4.0 million was attributable to non-controlling interests.

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7. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities

The table below summarizes our investments in unconsolidated entities as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Participation /

Carrying value as of

Participation /

Carrying value as of

    

Ownership % (1)

    

March 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

    

Ownership % (1)

   

September 30, 2020

   

December 31, 2019

Equity method:

Retail Fund

33%

$

$

33%

$

$

Equity interest in a natural gas power plant

10%

25,862

25,862

10%

24,664

25,862

Investor entity which owns equity in an online real estate company

50%

9,504

9,473

50%

9,382

9,473

Equity interests in commercial real estate

50%

1,787

1,907

50%

1,742

1,907

Equity interest in and advances to a residential mortgage originator (2)

 

N/A

 

11,807

 

12,002

 

N/A

 

14,139

 

12,002

Various

 

25% - 50%

 

8,529

 

8,339

 

25% - 50%

 

8,595

 

8,339

 

57,489

 

57,583

 

58,522

 

57,583

Other:

Equity interest in a servicing and advisory business (3)

4%

 

2%

17,584

 

Investment funds which own equity in a loan servicer and other real estate assets

 

4% - 6%

 

9,225

 

9,225

 

4% - 6%

 

7,659

 

9,225

Various

 

0% - 2%

 

20,620

 

17,521

 

0% - 2%

 

20,619

 

17,521

 

29,845

 

26,746

 

45,862

 

26,746

$

87,334

$

84,329

$

104,384

$

84,329

(1)NaN of these investments are publicly traded and therefore quoted market prices are not available.

(2)Includes a $4.5 million subordinated loan as of both March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

(3)During the year ended December 31, 2019, we received a capital distribution of $8.4 million and our equity interest was reduced to 4% and the carrying value was reduced to 0. During April 2020, we sold 37% of our equity interest for $10.3 million in cash, reducing our interest to 2%. In connection with the sale, we recognized a gain of $10.3 million. Because the sale represented an observable price change in an orderly transaction, we also increased the value of our remaining investment to reflect its implied fair value. In doing so, we recognized a gain of $17.6 million. These amounts were recognized within earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities in our condensed consolidated statement of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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Table of Contents

We own a 33% equity interest in a fund that owns 4 regional shopping malls (the “Retail Fund”). The fund is an investment company which measures its assets at fair value on a recurring basis. We report our interest in the Retail Fund on a three-month lag basis at its liquidation value. As of December 31, 2019, we impaired the remainder of our investment based on our estimate of unrealized decreases in the fair value of the underlying real estate properties. Such decreases were recognized by the Retail Fund during the period included in our threethe nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020.

As of March 31,September 30, 2020, the carrying value of our equity investment in a residential mortgage originator exceeded the underlying equity in net assets of such investee by $1.6 million. This difference is the result of the Company recording its investment in the investee at its acquisition date fair value, which included certain non-amortizing intangible assets not recognized by the investee. Should the Company determine these intangible assets held by the investee are impaired, the Company will recognize such impairment loss through earnings from unconsolidated entities in our consolidated statement of operations, otherwise, such difference between the carrying value of our equity investment in the residential mortgage originator and the underlying equity in the net assets of the residential mortgage originator will continue to exist.

Other than our equity interest in the residential mortgage originator, there were 0 differences between the carrying value of our equity method investments and the underlying equity in the net assets of the investees as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

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During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, we did not become aware of (i) any observable price changes in our other investments accounted for under the fair value practicability exception, except as described above with respect to the servicing and advisory business, or (ii) any indicators of impairment.

8. Goodwill and Intangibles

Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.  Management considered the general economic decline and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, but did not identify any such event or circumstances.  However, future changes in the expectations of the impact of COVID-19 on our operations, financial performance and cash flows could cause our goodwill to be impaired.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

The Infrastructure Lending Segment’s goodwill of $119.4 million at both March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 represents the excess of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired on September 19, 2018 and October 15, 2018. The goodwill recognized is attributable to value embedded in the acquired Infrastructure Lending Segment’s lending platform.

LNR Property LLC (“LNR”)

The Investing and Servicing Segment’s goodwill of $140.4 million at both March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 represents the excess of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets of LNR acquired on April 19, 2013. The goodwill recognized is attributable to value embedded in LNR’s existing platform, which includes a network of commercial real estate asset managers, work-out specialists, underwriters and administrative support professionals as well as proprietary historical performance data on commercial real estate assets.

Intangible Assets

Servicing Rights Intangibles

In connection with the LNR acquisition, we identified domestic servicing rights that existed at the purchase date, based upon the expected future cash flows of the associated servicing contracts. As of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the balance of the domestic servicing intangible was net of $27.0$38.2 million and $26.2 million, respectively, which was eliminated in consolidation pursuant to ASC 810 against VIE assets in connection with our consolidation of securitization VIEs. Before VIE consolidation, as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the domestic servicing intangible had a balance of $43.5$52.8 million and $43.2 million, respectively, which represents our economic interest in this asset.

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Lease Intangibles

In connection with our acquisitions of commercial real estate, we recognized in-place lease intangible assets and favorable lease intangible assets associated with certain non-cancelable operating leases of the acquired properties.

The following table summarizes our intangible assets, which are comprised of servicing rights intangibles and lease intangibles, as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

As of March 31, 2020

As of December 31, 2019

As of September 30, 2020

As of December 31, 2019

  

Gross Carrying

Accumulated

   

Net Carrying

  

Gross Carrying

   

Accumulated

   

Net Carrying

  

Gross Carrying

Accumulated

   

Net Carrying

  

Gross Carrying

   

Accumulated

   

Net Carrying

Value

Amortization

Value

Value

Amortization

Value

Value

Amortization

Value

Value

Amortization

Value

Domestic servicing rights, at fair value

$

16,524

$

$

16,524

$

16,917

$

$

16,917

$

14,589

$

$

14,589

$

16,917

$

$

16,917

In-place lease intangible assets

 

135,293

 

(87,239)

 

48,054

 

135,293

 

(84,383)

 

50,910

 

133,244

 

(90,318)

 

42,926

 

135,293

 

(84,383)

 

50,910

Favorable lease intangible assets

24,217

(6,790)

17,427

24,218

(6,345)

17,873

24,188

(7,564)

16,624

24,218

(6,345)

17,873

Total net intangible assets

$

176,034

$

(94,029)

$

82,005

$

176,428

$

(90,728)

$

85,700

$

172,021

$

(97,882)

$

74,139

$

176,428

$

(90,728)

$

85,700

The following table summarizes the activity within intangible assets for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands):

Domestic

In-place Lease

Favorable Lease

Domestic

In-place Lease

Favorable Lease

Servicing

Intangible

Intangible

Servicing

Intangible

Intangible

    

Rights

    

Assets

    

Assets

    

Total

  

Rights

    

Assets

    

Assets

Total

Balance as of January 1, 2020

$

16,917

$

50,910

$

17,873

$

85,700

$

16,917

$

50,910

$

17,873

$

85,700

Amortization

(2,856)

(446)

(3,302)

(7,814)

(1,249)

(9,063)

Sales

(170)

(170)

Changes in fair value due to changes in inputs and assumptions

(393)

(393)

(2,328)

(2,328)

Balance as of March 31, 2020

$

16,524

$

48,054

$

17,427

$

82,005

Balance as of September 30, 2020

$

14,589

$

42,926

$

16,624

$

74,139

The following table sets forth the estimated aggregate amortization of our in-place lease intangible assets and favorable lease intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter (amounts in thousands):

2020 (remainder of)

    

$

8,397

    

$

2,636

2021

 

9,674

 

9,644

2022

 

7,892

 

7,862

2023

 

6,136

 

6,115

2024

 

4,742

 

4,722

Thereafter

 

28,640

 

28,571

Total

$

65,481

$

59,550

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9. Secured Borrowings

Secured Financing Agreements

The following table is a summary of our secured financing agreements in place as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Outstanding Balance at

Outstanding Balance at

Current

Extended

Weighted Average

Pledged Asset

Maximum

March 31,

December 31,

Current

Extended

Weighted Average

Pledged Asset

Maximum

September 30,

December 31,

 

Maturity

   

Maturity (a)

   

Pricing

  

Carrying Value

   

Facility Size

   

2020

   

2019

   

Maturity

   

Maturity (a)

   

Pricing

Carrying Value

   

Facility Size

   

2020

   

2019

Repurchase Agreements:

Commercial Loans

Aug 2020 to Jan 2024

(b)

Aug 2021 to Mar 2029

(b)

(c)

$

5,882,347

$

9,156,617

(d)

$

4,245,330

$

3,640,620

May 2021 to Aug 2025

(b)

May 2023 to Mar 2029

(b)

(c)

$

6,643,722

$

8,747,538

(d)

$

4,556,665

$

3,640,620

Residential Loans

Feb 2021

N/A

LIBOR + 2.10%

12,486

400,000

10,359

11,835

Jun 2022

N/A

LIBOR + 2.64%

37,046

400,000

23,866

11,835

Infrastructure Loans

Feb 2021

N/A

LIBOR + 1.75%

196,639

500,000

162,306

188,198

Feb 2022

N/A

LIBOR + 2.00%

244,862

500,000

206,288

188,198

Conduit Loans

Feb 2021 to Jun 2022

Feb 2022 to Jun 2023

LIBOR + 2.16%

182,575

350,000

123,353

86,575

Feb 2021 to Jun 2023

Feb 2022 to Jun 2024

LIBOR + 1.93%

171,497

350,000

127,162

86,575

CMBS/RMBS

Jun 2020 to Dec 2029

(e)

Dec 2020 to Jun 2030

(e)

(f)

1,104,252

821,816

682,777

(g)

682,229

Oct 2020 to Dec 2029

(e)

Aug 2021 to Jun 2030

(e)

(f)

1,155,313

750,544

634,791

(g)

682,229

Total Repurchase Agreements

7,378,299

11,228,433

5,224,125

4,609,457

8,252,440

10,748,082

5,548,772

4,609,457

Other Secured Financing:

Borrowing Base Facility

Apr 2022

Apr 2024

LIBOR + 2.25%

273,429

650,000

(h)

196,719

198,955

Apr 2022

Apr 2024

LIBOR + 2.25%

50,194

650,000

(h)

37,594

198,955

Commercial Financing Facility

Mar 2022

Mar 2029

GBP LIBOR + 1.75%

91,298

73,763

73,763

Mar 2022

Mar 2029

GBP LIBOR + 1.75%

���

95,077

76,721

76,721

Residential Financing Facility

Sep 2022

Sep 2025

3.50%

250,000

Infrastructure Acquisition Facility

Sep 2021

Sep 2022

(i)

731,095

740,382

586,250

603,642

Sep 2021

Sep 2022

(i)

710,572

701,370

572,382

603,642

Infrastructure Financing Facilities

Jul 2022 to Oct 2022

Oct 2024 to Jul 2027

LIBOR + 2.12%

542,597

1,250,000

448,848

428,206

Jul 2022 to Oct 2022

Oct 2024 to Jul 2027

LIBOR + 2.11%

583,319

1,250,000

464,487

428,206

Property Mortgages - Fixed rate

Nov 2024 to Aug 2052

(j)

N/A

3.94%

1,488,698

1,195,722

1,195,722

1,196,492

Nov 2024 to Aug 2052

(j)

N/A

4.00%

1,288,513

1,077,800

1,077,800

1,196,492

Property Mortgages - Variable rate

Jan 2023 to Mar 2025

N/A

LIBOR + 2.47%

777,925

728,310

707,009

696,503

Nov 2021 to Jul 2030

N/A

(k)

926,495

927,300

908,906

696,503

Term Loan and Revolver

(k)

N/A

(k)

N/A

(k)

518,000

518,000

399,000

(l)

N/A

(l)

N/A

(l)

516,000

396,000

399,000

FHLB

Feb 2021

N/A

(l)

1,148,346

2,000,000

827,869

867,870

Feb 2021

N/A

1.99%

948,409

1,600,000

619,500

867,870

Total Other Secured Financing

5,053,388

7,156,177

4,554,180

4,390,668

4,602,579

7,049,191

4,153,390

4,390,668

$

12,431,687

$

18,384,610

9,778,305

9,000,125

$

12,855,019

$

17,797,273

9,702,162

9,000,125

Unamortized net discount

Unamortized net discount

(8,089)

(8,347)

(9,908)

(8,347)

Unamortized deferred financing costs

Unamortized deferred financing costs

(80,533)

(85,730)

Unamortized deferred financing costs

(76,362)

(85,730)

$

9,689,683

$

8,906,048

$

9,615,892

$

8,906,048

(a)Subject to certain conditions as defined in the respective facility agreement.
(b)For certain facilities, borrowings collateralized by loans existing at maturity may remain outstanding until such loan collateral matures, subject to certain specified conditions.
(c)Certain facilities with an outstanding balance of $864.8 million$1.3 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2020 are indexed to GBP LIBOR and EURIBOR. The remainder have a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 1.92%2.02%.
(d)The aggregate initial maximum facility size of $8.9$8.7 billion may be increased at our option, subject to certain conditions. This amount includes such upsizes.
(e)Certain facilities with an outstanding balance of $320.7$285.9 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020 carry a rolling 11-month or 12-month term which may reset monthly or quarterly with the lender's consent. These facilities carry 0no maximum facility size.
(f)A facility with an outstanding balance of $184.5$184.2 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020 has a fixed annual interest rate of 3.493.50%. All other facilities are variable rate with a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 1.66%1.57%.
(g)Includes: (i) $184.5$184.2 million outstanding on a repurchase facility that is not subject to margin calls; and (ii) $42.9$41.3 million outstanding on one of our repurchase facilities that represents the 49% pro rata share owed by a non-controlling partner in a consolidated joint venture (see Note 14). Additionally, we have posted $38.2 million in cash margin with one of our lenders pursuant to the terms of the related repurchase facility. The outstanding debt balance included above has not been reduced by the $38.2 million, which is recorded in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020.
(h)The initial maximum facility size of $300.0 million may be increased to $650.0 million, subject to certain conditions.

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(i)Consists of an annual interest rate of the applicable currency benchmark index + 1.75%2.00%. The spread will increase 25 bps in September 2020.
(j)The weighted average maturity is 9.57.0 years as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

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(k)Includes a $600.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan secured by our Medical Office Portfolio. This debt has a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR + 2.07% that we swapped to a fixed rate of 3.34%. The remainder have a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 2.63%.
(k)(l)Consists of: (i) a $398.0$396.0 million term loan facility that matures in July 2026 with an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 2.50%; and (ii) a $120.0 million revolving credit facility that matures in July 2024 with an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 3.00%. These facilities are secured by the equity interests in certain of our subsidiaries which totaled $3.1$3.7 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2020.
(l)FHLB financing with an outstanding balance of $481.5 million as of March 31, 2020 has a weighted average fixed annual interest rate of 1.99%. The remainder is variable rate with a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 0.29%.

In the normal course of business, the Company is in discussions with its lenders to extend or amend any financing facilities which contain near term expirations.

In January 2020, we entered into a CMBS/RMBS repurchase facility to finance certain CMBS investments within a consolidated joint venture in which we hold a 51% ownership interest. The facility carries a rolling 12-month term which may reset quarterly with the lender’s consent and an annual interest rate of three-month LIBOR + 1.35% to 1.85%. The facility’s maximum facility size is at the discretion of the lender. This facility does not permit valuation adjustments based on capital markets activity.

In February 2020, we amended a Commercial Loans repurchase facility to increase available borrowings by $200.0 million to $1.8 billion.

In February 2020, we exercised an extension option on a Conduit Loans repurchase facility to extend the current maturity by one year with a one-year extension option.

In February 2020, we exercised an extension option on the Infrastructure Loans repurchase facility to extend the current maturity by one year.

In March 2020, we amended an Infrastructure Financing Facility to increase available borrowings by $250.0 million to $750.0 million.

In March 2020, we entered into a Commercial Financing Facility to finance non-U.S. commercial loans held-for-investment. The facility carries a two-year initial term with 3 one-year extension options and includes an option to extend the maturity for each underlying asset for up to four additional years. The facility has an annual interest rate of GBP LIBOR + 1.75%. This facility shares up to $500.0 million of $2.0 billion of maximum borrowings with a Commercial Loans repurchase facility.

In June 2020, we amended a Residential Loans repurchase facility with a maximum facility size of $400.0 million to extend the current maturity from February 2021 to June 2022.

In June 2020, we amended a Commercial Loans repurchase facility and a Conduit Loans repurchase facility with an aggregate maximum facility size of $950.0 million to extend the current maturity from June 2022 to June 2023.

During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we entered into mortgage loans with total borrowings of $217.1 million to refinance our Woodstar I Portfolio. The loans carry ten-year terms and weighted average annual interest rates of LIBOR + 2.71%. A portion of the net proceeds from the mortgage loans was used to repay $117.0 million of outstanding government sponsored mortgage loans. We recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.2 million in our condensed consolidated statement of operations in connection with the repayment of the government sponsored mortgage loans.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we extended maturities by a period of one to two years on 7 facilities with an aggregate maximum facility size of $5.1 billion, including $4.6 billion related to commercial lending facilities and $500.0 million related to infrastructure lending facilities.

In September 2020, we entered into a Residential Loan Financing facility to finance residential loans held-for-sale. The facility carries a two-year initial term with the option to subsequently convert the loan to a three-year term loan. The facility has a maximum facility size of $250.0 million and an annual interest rate of the greater of 3.50% or one-month LIBOR + 2.75%. This facility does not permit valuation adjustments based on capital markets activity.

Our secured financing agreements contain certain financial tests and covenants. As of March 31,September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

We seek to mitigate risks associated with our repurchase agreements by managing risk related to the credit quality of our assets, interest rates, liquidity, prepayment speeds and market value. The margin call provisions under the majority of our repurchase facilities, consisting of 75% of these agreements, do not permit valuation adjustments based

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on capital markets activity. Instead, margin calls on these facilities are limited to collateral-specific credit marks. To monitor credit risk associated with the performance and value of our loans and investments, our asset management team regularly reviews our investment portfolios and is in regular contact with our borrowers, monitoring performance of the collateral and enforcing our rights as necessary. For the 25% of repurchase agreements containing margin call provisions for general capital markets activity, approximately 25%17% of these pertain to our loans held-for-sale, for which we manage credit risk through the purchase of credit index instruments. We further seek to manage risks associated with our repurchase agreements by matching the maturities and interest rate characteristics of our loans with the related repurchase agreement.

For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, approximately $9.5 million and $27.3 million, respectively, of amortization of deferred financing costs from secured financing agreements was included in interest expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, approximately $8.8$8.1 million and $8.7$24.9 million, respectively, of amortization of deferred financing costs from secured financing agreements was included in interest expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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Collateralized Loan Obligations

In August 2019, we refinanced a pool of our commercial loans held-for-investment through a CLO, STWD 2019-FL1. On the closing date, the CLO issued $1.1 billion principal amount of notes, of which $936.4 million was purchased by third party investors. We retained $86.6 million of notes, along with preferred shares with a liquidation preference of $77.0 million. The CLO contains a reinvestment feature that, subject to certain eligibility criteria, allows us to contribute new loans or participation interests in loans to the CLO in exchange for cash. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, we utilized the reinvestment feature, contributing $82.5$88.1 million of additional interests into the CLO.

The following table is a summary of our CLO as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Face

Carrying

Weighted

Face

Carrying

Weighted

March 31, 2020

Count

Amount

Value

Average Spread

Maturity

September 30, 2020

Count

Amount

Value

Average Spread

Maturity

Collateral assets

22

$

1,098,891

$

1,098,839

LIBOR + 3.38%

(a)

Jan 2024

(b)

24

$

1,099,672

$

1,099,558

LIBOR + 3.83%

(a)

Feb 2024

(b)

Financing

1

 

936,375

928,683

LIBOR + 1.65%

(c)

July 2038

(d)

1

 

936,375

929,931

LIBOR + 1.64%

(c)

July 2038

(d)

December 31, 2019

Collateral assets

20

$

1,073,504

$

1,073,504

LIBOR + 3.34%

(a)

Nov 2023

(b)

20

$

1,073,504

$

1,073,504

LIBOR + 3.34%

(a)

Nov 2023

(b)

Financing

1

 

936,375

928,060

LIBOR + 1.65%

(c)

July 2038

(d)

1

 

936,375

928,060

LIBOR + 1.65%

(c)

July 2038

(d)

(a)Represents the weighted-average coupon earned on variable rate loans during the respective year-to-date period. Of the loans financed by the CLO as of March 31,September 30, 2020, 9% earned fixed-rate weighted average interest of 6.84%.
(b)Represents the weighted-average maturity, assuming the extended contractual maturity of the collateral assets.
(c)Represents the weighted-average cost of financing incurred during the respective year-to-date period, inclusive of deferred issuance costs.
(d)Repayments of the CLO are tied to timing of the related collateral asset repayments. The term of the CLO financing obligation represents the legal final maturity date.

We incurred $9.2 million of issuance costs in connection with the CLO, which are amortized on an effective yield basis over the estimated life of the CLO. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, approximately $0.6$0.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively, of amortization of deferred financing costs was included in interest expense on our condensed consolidated statementstatements of operations. As of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our unamortized issuance costs were $7.7$6.4 million and $8.3 million, respectively.

The CLO is considered a VIE, for which we are deemed the primary beneficiary. We therefore consolidate the CLO. Refer to Note 14 for further discussion.

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Maturities

Our credit facilities generally require principal to be paid down prior to the facilities’ respective maturities if and when we receive principal payments on, or sell, the investment collateral that we have pledged. The following table sets forth our principal repayments schedule for secured financings based on the earlier of (i) the extended contractual maturity of each credit facility or (ii) the extended contractual maturity of each of the investments that have been pledged as collateral under the respective credit facility (amounts in thousands):

    

Repurchase

    

Other Secured

    

    

Repurchase

    

Other Secured

    

Agreements

Financing

CLO

Total

Agreements

Financing

CLO

Total

2020 (remainder of)

    

$

208,156

    

$

494,342

    

$

$

702,498

    

$

80,429

    

$

311,142

    

$

$

391,571

2021

 

956,656

 

960,752

 

1,917,408

 

764,290

 

782,007

 

1,546,297

2022

 

1,314,349

 

555,681

 

1,870,030

 

1,364,073

 

547,960

 

1,912,033

2023

 

1,203,648

 

708,885

 

1,912,533

 

1,108,155

 

706,658

 

1,814,813

2024

 

1,037,701

 

391,140

 

1,428,841

 

843,591

 

235,852

 

1,079,443

Thereafter

 

503,615

 

1,443,380

936,375

(a)

 

2,883,370

 

1,388,234

 

1,569,771

936,375

(a)

 

3,894,380

Total

$

5,224,125

$

4,554,180

$

936,375

$

10,714,680

$

5,548,772

$

4,153,390

$

936,375

$

10,638,537

(a)Assumes utilization of the reinvestment feature.

10. Unsecured Senior Notes

The following table is a summary of our unsecured senior notes outstanding as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Remaining

Remaining

Coupon

Effective

Maturity

Period of

Carrying Value at

Coupon

Effective

Maturity

Period of

Carrying Value at

Rate

Rate (1)

Date

Amortization

March 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Rate

Rate (1)

Date

Amortization

September 30, 2020

December 31, 2019

2021 Senior Notes (February)

3.63

%  

3.89

%  

2/1/2021

 

0.8

years

 

$

500,000

 

$

500,000

3.63

%  

(2)

3.89

%  

2/1/2021

 

0.3

years

 

$

500,000

 

$

500,000

2021 Senior Notes (December)

5.00

%  

5.32

%  

12/15/2021

1.7

years

700,000

700,000

5.00

%  

5.32

%  

12/15/2021

1.2

years

700,000

700,000

2023 Convertible Notes

4.38

%  

4.86

%  

4/1/2023

3.0

years

250,000

250,000

4.38

%  

4.86

%  

4/1/2023

2.5

years

250,000

250,000

2025 Senior Notes

4.75

%  

5.04

%  

3/15/2025

5.0

years

500,000

500,000

4.75

%  

(3)

5.04

%  

3/15/2025

4.5

years

500,000

500,000

Total principal amount

1,950,000

1,950,000

1,950,000

1,950,000

Unamortized discount—Convertible Notes

(3,352)

(3,610)

(2,826)

(3,610)

Unamortized discount—Senior Notes

(11,038)

(12,144)

(8,790)

(12,144)

Unamortized deferred financing costs

 

(5,026)

 

(5,624)

 

(3,829)

 

(5,624)

Carrying amount of debt components

$

1,930,584

$

1,928,622

$

1,934,555

$

1,928,622

Carrying amount of conversion option equity components recorded in additional paid-in capital for outstanding convertible notes

$

3,755

$

3,755

$

3,755

$

3,755

(1)Effective rate includes the effects of underwriter purchase discount and the adjustment for the conversion option on our Convertible Notes, the value of which reduced the initial liability and was recorded in additional paid-in-capital.
(2)The coupon on the February 2021 Senior Notes is 3.63%.  At closing, we swapped the notes to a floating rate of LIBOR + 1.28%.
(3)The coupon on the 2025 Senior Notes is 4.75%.  At closing, we swapped $470.0 million of the notes to a floating rate of LIBOR + 2.53%.  

Our unsecured senior notes contain certain financial tests and covenants. As of September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

Convertible Senior Notes

We recognized interest expense of $3.0$3.1 million and $3.2$9.2 million during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively, from our unsecured Convertible Notes.

We recognized interest expense of $3.1

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million and $9.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, from our unsecured Convertible Notes.

The following table details the conversion attributes of our Convertible Notes outstanding as of March 31,September 30, 2020:

March 31, 2020

September 30, 2020

Conversion

Conversion

Conversion

Conversion

Rate (1)

Price (2)

Rate (1)

Price (2)

2023 Convertible Notes

38.5959

 

$

25.91

38.5959

 

$

25.91

(1)The conversion rate represents the number of shares of common stock issuable per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes converted, as adjusted in accordance with the indentures governing the Convertible Notes (including the applicable supplemental indentures).

(2)As of March 31,September 30, 2020, and 2019, the market price of the Company’s common stock was $10.25 and $22.35$15.09 per share, respectively.share.

The if-converted value of the 2023 Convertible Notes was less than their principal amount by $151.1$104.4 million at March 31,September 30, 2020 as the closing market price of the Company’s common stock of $10.25$15.09 was less than the implicit conversion price of $25.91 per share. The if-converted value of the principal amount of the 2023 Convertible Notes was $98.9$145.6 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

11. Loan Securitization/Sale Activities

As described below, we regularly sell loans and notes under various strategies. We evaluate such sales as to whether they meet the criteria for treatment as a sale—legal isolation, ability of transferee to pledge or exchange the transferred assets without constraint and transfer of control.

Conduit Loan Securitizations

Within the Investing and Servicing Segment, we originate commercial mortgage loans with the intent to sell these mortgage loans to VIEs for the purposes of securitization. These VIEs then issue CMBS that are collateralized in part by these assets, as well as other assets transferred to the VIE by third parties. Within the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment, we acquire residential mortgage loans with the intent to sell these mortgage loans to VIEs for the purpose of securitization. These VIEs then issue RMBS that are collateralized by these assets. In certain instances, we retain an interest in the CMBS or RMBS VIE and/or serve as special servicer or servicing administrator for the VIE. In these circumstances, we generally consolidate the VIE into which the loans were sold. The following summarizes the fair valueface amount and par valueproceeds of commercial and residential loans sold from our conduit platform, as well as the amount of sale proceeds used in part to repay the outstanding balance of the repurchase agreements associated with these loanssecuritized for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Repayment of

Commercial Loans

Residential Loans

repurchase

    

Face Amount

    

Proceeds

    

Face Amount

    

Proceeds

    

Face Amount

    

Proceeds

    

agreements

For the Three Months Ended March 31,

For the Three Months Ended September 30,

2020

$

335,835

$

352,393

$

254,966

$

151,295

$

157,497

$

478,911

$

499,321

2019

 

179,411

$

186,841

$

136,133

 

262,528

274,714

 

545,976

569,590

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,

2020

$

487,130

$

509,890

$

1,443,691

$

1,487,761

2019

 

787,160

 

826,932

 

886,187

 

921,602

The securitization of these commercial and residential loans does not result in a discrete gain or loss since they are carried under the fair value option.

Our securitizations have each been structured as bankruptcy-remote entities whose assets are not intended to be available to the creditors of any other party.

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Securitization Financing ArrangementsCommercial and Residential Loan Sales

Within the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment, we originate or acquire residential and commercial mortgage loans, subsequently selling all or a portion thereof. Typically, our motivation for entering into these transactions is to effectively create leverage on the subordinated position that we will retain and hold for investment. TheseWe also may sell certain of our previously-acquired residential loans may be sold directly or throughto third parties outside a securitization. In certain instances, we retain an interest in the VIE and continue to act as servicer, special servicer or servicing administrator for the loan following its sale. In these circumstances, similar to the case of our Investing and Servicing Segment described above, we generally consolidate the VIE into which the loans were sold. During both the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we sold residential loans into a securitization VIE which we consolidate. In each of these instances, we retained interests in the VIE. The

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following table summarizes our loans sold by the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment, net of expenses (amounts in thousands):

Loan Transfers Accounted for as Sales

Loan Transfers Accounted for as Sales

Commercial

Residential

Commercial

Residential

    

Face Amount

    

Proceeds

    

Face Amount

    

Proceeds

    

Face Amount (1)

    

Proceeds (1)

    

Face Amount

    

Proceeds

For the Three Months Ended March 31,

For the Three Months Ended September 30,

2020

$

$

$

381,829

$

399,351

$

$

$

$

2019

 

398,741

$

396,310

$

362,418

$

374,861

 

53,288

53,249

1,684

1,743

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,

2020

$

399,132

$

396,078

$

550

$

604

2019

 

554,710

551,700

25,526

26,260

(1)During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we sold $230.9 million and $168.2 million of senior interests in first mortgage loans and whole loan interests, respectively, for proceeds of $224.1 million and $172.0 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, all sales were of senior interests in first mortgage loans.

During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, losses recognized by the Commercial and 2019, we recognized a $2.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively, favorable change in fair valueResidential Lending Segment on sales of mortgagecommercial loans held-for-sale, net in our condensed consolidated statementswere $1.0 million. There were 0 sales of operations in connection with residential mortgage loan securitizations. Duringcommercial loans during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, gains recognized by the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment on sales of commercial loans were $2.8 million. There were 0 sales$0.5 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The sale of commercialresidential loans duringdoes not result in a discrete gain or loss since they are carried under the three months ended March 31, 2020.fair value option.

Our securitizations have each been structured as bankruptcy-remote entities whose assets are not intended to be available to the creditors of any other party.

Infrastructure Loan Sales

During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, and 2019, the Infrastructure Lending Segment sold loans held-for-sale with an aggregate face amount of $38.7 million for proceeds of $38.4 million, recognizing gains of $0.3 million. There were 0 sales of loans by the Infrastructure Lending Segment during the three months ended September 30, 2020. During the three and $180.3nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Infrastructure Lending Segment sold loans held-for-sale with an aggregate face amount of $47.3 million and $404.1 million, respectively, for proceeds of $38.4$47.0 million and $172.7$393.3 million. A gain of $3.1 million recognizing gainswas recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. There was no gain recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2019. In connection with these sales, we sold an interest rate swap guarantee for cash payment of $0.3$3.1 million and $0.8recognized a decrease in fair value of $2.7 million respectively.within (loss) gain on derivative financial instruments, net in our condensed consolidated statement of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Refer to Note 12 for further discussion of our interest rate swap guarantees.

12. Derivatives and Hedging Activity

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

We are exposed to certain risks arising from both our business operations and economic conditions. Refer to Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion of our risk management objectives and policies.

Designated Hedges

The Company does not generally elect to apply the hedge accounting designation to its hedging instruments. As of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any designated hedges.


​​

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Non-designated Hedges and Derivatives

We have entered into the following types of non-designated hedges and derivatives:

Foreign exchange (“Fx”) forwards whereby we agree to buy or sell a specified amount of foreign currency for a specified amount of USD at a future date, economically fixing the USD amounts of foreign denominated cash flows we expect to receive or pay related to certain foreign denominated loan investments and properties;
Interest rate contracts which hedge a portion of our exposure to changes in interest rates;
Credit index instruments which hedge a portion of our exposure to the credit risk of our commercial loans held-for-sale;
Forward loan purchase commitments whereby we agree to buy a specified amount of residential mortgage loans at a future date for a specified price and the counterparty is contractually obligated to deliver such mortgage loans (see Note 21); and
Interest rate swap guarantees whereby we guarantee the interest rate swap obligations of certain Infrastructure Lending borrowers. Our interest rate swap guarantees were assumed in connection with the acquisition of the Infrastructure Lending Segment.

The following table summarizes our non-designated derivatives as of September 30, 2020 (notional amounts in thousands):

Type of Derivative

    

Number of Contracts

    

Aggregate Notional Amount

    

Notional Currency

    

Maturity

Fx contracts – Buy Euros ("EUR")

1

1,915

EUR

November 2022

Fx contracts – Sell EUR

289

250,530

EUR

October 2020 – November 2025

Fx contracts – Sell Pounds Sterling ("GBP")

120

373,948

GBP

October 2020 – May 2024

Fx contracts – Sell Australian dollar ("AUD")

13

126,546

AUD

August 2021 – November 2021

Interest rate swaps – Paying fixed rates

56

1,755,593

USD

March 2023 – September 2030

Interest rate swaps – Receiving fixed rates

2

970,000

USD

January 2021 - March 2025

Interest rate caps

22

951,462

USD

October 2020 – April 2025

Credit index instruments

4

69,000

USD

September 2058 – August 2061

Interest rate swap guarantees

6

383,080

USD

March 2022 – June 2025

Total

513

The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Fair Value of Derivatives

Fair Value of Derivatives

in an Asset Position (1) as of

in a Liability Position (2) as of

September 30,

December 31,

September 30,

December 31,

    

2020

2019

2020

2019

Interest rate contracts

$

38,479

$

14,385

$

3,097

$

Interest rate swap guarantees

958

614

Foreign exchange contracts

 

25,805

 

14,558

 

9,397

 

7,834

Credit index instruments

 

541

 

 

 

292

Total derivatives

$

64,825

$

28,943

$

13,452

$

8,740

(1)Classified as derivative assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Classified as derivative liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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The tables below present the effect of our derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Amount of Gain (Loss)

Amount of Gain (Loss)

Recognized in Income for the

Recognized in Income for the

Derivatives Not Designated

Location of Gain (Loss)

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,

as Hedging Instruments

Recognized in Income

2020

    

2019

  

2020

2019

Interest rate contracts

(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments

$

259

$

(7,898)

$

(52,129)

$

(21,733)

Interest rate swap guarantees

(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments

260

(468)

(345)

(3,640)

Foreign exchange contracts

 

(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments

 

(28,514)

 

30,426

 

17,644

 

46,116

Credit index instruments

 

(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments

 

(102)

 

(127)

 

345

 

(1,049)

$

(28,097)

$

21,933

$

(34,485)

$

19,694

The following table summarizes our non-designated derivatives as of March 31, 2020 (notional amounts in thousands):

Type of Derivative

    

Number of Contracts

    

Aggregate Notional Amount

    

Notional Currency

    

Maturity

Fx contracts – Sell Euros ("EUR")

230

215,677

EUR

May 2020 – November 2025

Fx contracts – Buy Pounds Sterling ("GBP")

2

2,414

GBP

June 2020

Fx contracts – Sell Pounds Sterling ("GBP")

94

383,837

GBP

April 2020 – December 2023

Fx contracts – Sell Australian dollar ("AUD")

7

49,793

AUD

August 2021 – November 2021

Interest rate swaps – Paying fixed rates

40

1,493,447

USD

August 2022 – March 2030

Interest rate swaps – Receiving fixed rates

2

970,000

USD

January 2021 – March 2025

Interest rate caps

10

717,777

USD

September 2020 – August 2023

Credit index instruments

4

69,000

USD

September 2058 – August 2061

Forward loan purchase commitments

1

17,988

USD

April 2020

Interest rate swap guarantees

6

392,607

USD

March 2022 – June 2025

Total

396

The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Fair Value of Derivatives

Fair Value of Derivatives

in an Asset Position (1) as of

in a Liability Position (2) as of

March 31,

December 31,

March 31,

December 31,

    

2020

2019

2020

2019

Interest rate contracts

$

41,970

$

14,385

$

140

$

Interest rate swap guarantees

1,289

614

Foreign exchange contracts

 

57,243

 

14,558

 

3,689

 

7,834

Credit index instruments

 

2,235

 

 

 

292

Total derivatives

$

101,448

$

28,943

$

5,118

$

8,740

(1)Classified as derivative assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Classified as derivative liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The tables below present the effect of our derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Amount of Gain (Loss)

Recognized in Income for the

Derivatives Not Designated

Location of Gain (Loss)

Three Months Ended March 31,

as Hedging Instruments

    

Recognized in Income

    

2020

    

2019

Interest rate contracts

 

Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments

$

(45,125)

$

(3,757)

Interest rate swap guarantees

Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments

(675)

(182)

Foreign exchange contracts

 

Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments

 

53,265

 

2,444

Credit index instruments

 

Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments

 

2,245

 

(712)

$

9,710

$

(2,207)

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13. Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

The following tables present the potential effects of netting arrangements on our financial position for financial assets and liabilities within the scope of ASC 210-20, Balance Sheet—Offsetting, which for us are derivative assets and liabilities as well as repurchase agreement liabilities (amounts in thousands):

(iv)

(iv)

Gross Amounts Not

Gross Amounts Not

Offset in the Statement

Offset in the Statement

(ii)  

(iii) = (i) - (ii)

of Financial Position

(ii)  

(iii) = (i) - (ii)

of Financial Position

    

    

Gross Amounts

   

Net Amounts

   

   

Cash

   

    

Gross Amounts

   

Net Amounts

   

   

Cash

   

(i)

Offset in the

Presented in

Collateral

(i)

Offset in the

Presented in

Collateral

Gross Amounts

Statement of

the Statement of

Financial

Received /

(v) = (iii) - (iv)

Gross Amounts

Statement of

the Statement of

Financial

Received /

(v) = (iii) - (iv)

Recognized

Financial Position

Financial Position

Instruments

Pledged

Net Amount

Recognized

Financial Position

Financial Position

Instruments

Pledged

Net Amount

As of March 31, 2020

As of September 30, 2020

Derivative assets

$

101,448

$

$

101,448

$

3,696

$

41,856

$

55,896

$

64,825

$

$

64,825

$

9,397

$

39,842

$

15,586

Derivative liabilities

$

5,118

$

$

5,118

$

3,696

$

133

$

1,289

$

13,452

$

$

13,452

$

9,397

$

3,097

$

958

Repurchase agreements

 

5,224,125

 

 

5,224,125

 

5,224,125

 

 

 

5,548,772

 

 

5,548,772

 

5,548,772

 

 

$

5,229,243

$

$

5,229,243

$

5,227,821

$

133

$

1,289

$

5,562,224

$

$

5,562,224

$

5,558,169

$

3,097

$

958

As of December 31, 2019

Derivative assets

$

28,943

$

$

28,943

$

5,312

$

14,208

$

9,423

$

28,943

$

$

28,943

$

5,312

$

14,208

$

9,423

Derivative liabilities

$

8,740

$

$

8,740

$

5,312

$

292

$

3,136

$

8,740

$

$

8,740

$

5,312

$

292

$

3,136

Repurchase agreements

 

4,609,457

 

 

4,609,457

 

4,609,457

 

 

 

4,609,457

 

 

4,609,457

 

4,609,457

 

 

$

4,618,197

$

$

4,618,197

$

4,614,769

$

292

$

3,136

$

4,618,197

$

$

4,618,197

$

4,614,769

$

292

$

3,136

14. Variable Interest Entities

Investment Securities

As discussed in Note 2, we evaluate all of our investments and other interests in entities for consolidation, including our investments in CMBS, RMBS and our retained interests in securitization transactions we initiated, all of which are generally considered to be variable interests in VIEs.

Securitization VIEs consolidated in accordance with ASC 810 are structured as pass through entities that receive principal and interest on the underlying collateral and distribute those payments to the certificate holders. The assets and other instruments held by these securitization entities are restricted and can only be used to fulfill the obligations of the entity. Additionally, the obligations of the securitization entities do not have any recourse to the general credit of any other consolidated entities, nor to us as the primary beneficiary. The VIE liabilities initially represent investment securities on our balance sheet (pre-consolidation). Upon consolidation of these VIEs, our associated investment securities are eliminated, as is the interest income related to those securities. Similarly, the fees we earn in our roles as special servicer of the bonds issued by the consolidated VIEs or as collateral administrator of the consolidated VIEs are also eliminated. Finally, an allocable portion of the identified servicing intangible associated with the eliminated fee streams is eliminated in consolidation.

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VIEs in which we are the Primary Beneficiary

The inclusion of the assets and liabilities of securitization VIEs in which we are deemed the primary beneficiary has no economic effect on us. Our exposure to the obligations of securitization VIEs is generally limited to our investment in these entities. We are not obligated to provide, nor have we provided, any financial support for any of these consolidated structures.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we refinanced a pool of our commercial loans held-for-investment through a CLO, which is considered to be a VIE. We are the primary beneficiary of, and therefore consolidate, the CLO in our financial statements as we have both (i) the power to direct the activities in our role as collateral manager that most significantly impact the CLO’s economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits from the CLO that could be potentially significant through the subordinate interests we own.

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The following table details the assets and liabilities of our consolidated CLO as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

March 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

September 30, 2020

December 31, 2019

Assets:

Loans held-for-investment

$

1,098,839

 

1,073,504

$

1,099,558

 

1,073,504

Accrued interest receivable

 

1,748

 

3,129

 

3,082

 

3,129

Other assets

1,109

26,496

328

26,496

Total Assets

$

1,101,696

$

1,103,129

$

1,102,968

$

1,103,129

Liabilities

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

$

905

$

1,362

$

621

$

1,362

Collateralized loan obligations, net

 

928,683

 

928,060

 

929,931

 

928,060

Total Liabilities

$

929,588

$

929,422

$

930,552

$

929,422

Assets held by this CLO are restricted and can be used only to settle obligations of the CLO, including the subordinate interests owned by us. The liabilities of this CLO are non-recourse to us and can only be satisfied from the assets of the CLO.

We also hold controlling interests in other non-securitization entities that are considered VIEs. SPT Dolphin Intermediate LLC (“SPT Dolphin”), the entity which holds the Woodstar II Portfolio, is a VIE because the third party interest holders do not carry kick-out rights or substantive participating rights. We were deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE because we possess both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and a significant economic interest in the entity. This VIE had total assets of $678.0$676.5 million and liabilities of $445.3$446.8 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

In December 2019, we entered into a newly-formed joint venture (the “CMBS JV”) within our Investing and Servicing Segment, which is considered a VIE because the third party interest holder does not carry kick-out rights or substantive participating rights. We hold a 51% ownership interest and are deemed the primary beneficiary of the CMBS JV. This VIE had total assets of $323.9$332.4 million and liabilities of $88.3$84.8 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion.

In total, our other consolidatedaddition to the above non-securitization entities, we have smaller VIEs hadwith total assets of $1.1 billion$97.3 million and liabilities of $586.7$53.8 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

VIEs in which we are not the Primary Beneficiary

In certain instances, we hold a variable interest in a VIE in the form of CMBS, but either (i) we are not appointed, or do not serve as, special servicer or servicing administrator or (ii) an unrelated third party has the rights to unilaterally remove us as special servicer without cause. In these instances, we do not have the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. In other cases, the variable interest we hold does not obligate us to absorb losses or provide us with the right to receive benefits from the VIE which could potentially be significant. For these structures, we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and we do not consolidate these VIEs.

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As of March 31,September 30, 2020, 45 of our collateralized debt obligation (“CDO”) structures within our Investing and Servicing Segment were in default or imminent default, which, pursuant to the underlying indentures, changes the rights of the variable interest holders. Upon default of a CDO, the trustee or senior note holders are allowed to exercise certain rights, including liquidation of the collateral, which at that time, is the activity which would most significantly impact the CDO’s economic performance. Further, when the CDO is in default, the collateral administrator no longer has the option to purchase securities from the CDO. In cases where the CDO is in default and we do not have the ability to exercise rights which would most significantly impact the CDO’s economic performance, we do not consolidate the VIE. As of March 31,September 30, 2020, NaN of these 5 CDO structures were consolidated.

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As noted above, we are not obligated to provide, nor have we provided, any financial support for any of our securitization VIEs, whether or not we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. As such, the risk associated with our involvement in these VIEs is limited to the carrying value of our investment in the entity. As of March 31,September 30, 2020, our maximum risk of loss related to securitization VIEs in which we were not the primary beneficiary was $32.9$23.5 million on a fair value basis.

As of March 31,September 30, 2020, the securitization VIEs which we do not consolidate had debt obligations to beneficial interest holders with unpaid principal balances, excluding the notional value of interest-only securities, of $4.4$4.1 billion. The corresponding assets are comprised primarily of commercial mortgage loans with unpaid principal balances corresponding to the amounts of the outstanding debt obligations.

We also hold passive non-controlling interests in certain unconsolidated entities that are considered VIEs. We are not the primary beneficiaries of these VIEs as we do not possess the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact their economic performance and therefore report our interests, which totaled $21.0$21.8 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020, within investment in unconsolidated entities on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Our maximum risk of loss is limited to our carrying value of the investments.

15. Related-Party Transactions

Management Agreement

We are party to a management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with our Manager. Under the Management Agreement, our Manager, subject to the oversight of our board of directors, is required to manage our day to day activities, for which our Manager receives a base management fee and is eligible for an incentive fee and stock awards. Our Manager’s personnel perform certain due diligence, legal, management and other services that outside professionals or consultants would otherwise perform. As such, in accordance with the terms of our Management Agreement, our Manager is paid or reimbursed for the documented costs of performing such tasks, provided that such costs and reimbursements are in amounts no greater than those which would be payable to outside professionals or consultants engaged to perform such services pursuant to agreements negotiated on an arm’s-length basis. Refer to Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion of this agreement.

Base Management Fee. For both the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately $19.1$19.2 million was incurred for base management fees. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately $57.4 million and $19.6$57.7 million, respectively, was incurred for base management fees. In April 2020, our board of directors authorized the payment of our first quarter base management fee of $19.1 million in 1,422,143 shares of our common stock. As of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $19.1$19.2 million and $19.3 million, respectively, of unpaid base management fees included in related-party payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Incentive Fee. There were Forno incentive fees incurred during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and $1.8 million were incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately $15.8 million and $0.2$2.0 million, respectively, was incurred for incentive fees. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $15.8 million and $18.1 million respectively, of unpaid incentive fees included in related-party payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. There were 0 unpaid incentive fees as of September 30, 2020.

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Expense Reimbursement. For both the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately $2.2$1.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively, was incurred for executive compensation and other reimbursable expenses and recognized within general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately $5.2 million and $5.8 million, respectively, was incurred for executive compensation and other reimbursable expenses. As of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximately $4.4$2.9 million and $3.5 million, respectively, of unpaid reimbursable executive compensation and other expenses were included in related-party payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Equity Awards. In certain instances, we issue RSAs to certain employees of affiliates of our Manager who perform services for us. DuringThere were no RSAs granted during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, we granted 341,635 and 114,216 RSAs, respectively, at grant date fair values of $3.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively.or 2019. Expenses related to the vesting of awards to employees of affiliates of our Manager were $1.1$0.1 million and $0.8$1.2 million during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are reflected in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we granted 341,635 and 182,861 RSAs, respectively, at grant date fair values of $3.9 million and $4.1 million, respectively. Expenses related to the vesting of awards to employees of affiliates of our Manager were $2.5 million and $3.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These shares generally vest over a three-year period.

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Manager Equity Plan

In May 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. 2017 Manager Equity Plan (the “2017 Manager Equity Plan”), which replaced the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Manager Equity Plan (“Manager Equity Plan”). In September 2019, we granted 1,200,000 RSUs to our Manager under the 2017 Manager Equity Plan. In April 2018, we granted 775,000 RSUs to our Manager under the 2017 Manager Equity Plan. In March 2017, we granted 1,000,000 RSUs to our Manager under the Manager Equity Plan. In connection with these grants and prior similar grants, we recognized share-based compensation expense of $5.23.4 million and $3.2$8.8 million within management fees in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized $12.0 million and $15.2 million, respectively, related to these awards. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion of these grants.

Investments in Loans

In January 2020, the Company originated a $3.5 million bridge loan to a third party borrower for the development and recapitalization of luxury cabin rentals.  In February 2020, the bridge loan was repaid, and the Company originated a $99.0 million first mortgage loan to the same borrower.  The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 10.5% plus fees and contains a term of 36 months with 2 one-year extension options.  Certain members of our executive team and board of directors own equity interests in the borrower.  The investment was approved by our independent directors.

In January 2020, the Company co-originated a €70.3 million mezzanine loan with SEREF, an affiliate of our Manager, to the third party that acquired our property portfolio in Ireland in December 2019. The Company and SEREF each originated €35.2 million. The loan matures in October 2025.

During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, the Company acquired $100.8$57.6 million and $185.0 million, respectively, of loans from a residential mortgage originator in which it holds an equity interest. Additionally, as of March 31, 2020, the Company had an outstanding residential mortgage loan purchase commitment of $18.0 million to this residential mortgage originator. Refer to Note 7 for further discussion.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company amended a $4.5 million subordinated loan to a residential mortgage originator in which it holds an equity interest, to extend the maturity from September 2020 to September 2021.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company received a $245.0 million partial repayment on a first mortgage and mezzanine loan that was originated in August 2017 related to an office campus located in Irvine, California. An affiliate of our Manager has a non-controlling equity interest in the borrower.

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Lease Arrangements

In March 2020, we entered into an office lease agreement with an entity which is controlled by our Chairman and CEO through majority equity ownership of the entity. The leased premises are currently under construction and will serve as our new Miami Beach office when our existing lease in Miami Beach expires on December 31, 2021. The lease will commence after delivery of the office space to us, but no earlier than July 30, 2021. The lease is for approximately 74,000 square feet of office space, has an initial term of 15 years and requires monthly lease payments starting in the tenth month after lease commencement. The lease payments are based on an annual base rate of $52.00 per square foot that increases by 3% each anniversary following commencement, plus our pro rata share of building operating expenses. OnIn April 30, 2020, we provided a $1.9 million cash security deposit to the landlord. Prior to the execution of this lease, we engaged an independent third party leasing firm and external counsel to advise the independent directors of our board of directors on market terms for the lease.  The terms of the lease were approved by our independent directors.

Other Related-Party Arrangements

Highmark Residential (“Highmark”), an affiliate of our Manager, now provides property management services for 21all 32 properties within our Woodstar I Portfolio. Fees paid to Highmark are calculated as a percentage of gross receipts and are at market terms. During both the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, property management fees to Highmark of $0.50.4 million were recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, property management fees to Highmark of $1.4 million and $0.3$1.1 million, respectively, were recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Refer to Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion of related-party agreements.

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16. Stockholders’ Equity and Non-Controlling Interests

During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, our board of directors declared the following dividends:

Declaration Date

Record Date

Ex-Dividend Date

Payment Date

Amount

Frequency

2/25/20

3/31/20

3/30/20

4/15/20

0.48

Quarterly

Declaration Date

    

Record Date

    

Ex-Dividend Date

    

Payment Date

    

Amount

    

Frequency

9/16/20

9/30/20

9/29/20

10/15/20

$

0.48

Quarterly

6/16/20

 

6/30/20

 

6/29/20

7/15/20

0.48

 

Quarterly

2/25/20

 

3/31/20

 

3/30/20

4/15/20

0.48

 

Quarterly

During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 0 shares issued under our At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, shares issued under the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan (the “DRIP Plan”) were not material.

In February 2020, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $400.0 million of our outstanding common shares and Convertible Notes over a period of one year. Purchases made pursuant to the program will be made either in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases are discretionary and will be subject to economic and market conditions, stock price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. In MarchDuring the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased 1,925,421 shares of common stock for $28.8 million and 0 Convertible Notes under our repurchase program. As of March 31,September 30, 2020, we had $371.2 million of remaining capacity to repurchase common stock and/or Convertible Notes under the repurchase program.

Equity Incentive Plans

In May 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved the 2017 Manager Equity Plan and the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. 2017 Equity Plan (the “2017 Equity Plan”), which allow for the issuance of up to 11,000,000 stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSAs, RSUs or other equity-based awards or any combination thereof to the Manager, directors, employees, consultants or any other party providing services to the Company. The 2017 Manager Equity Plan succeeds and replaces the Manager Equity Plan and the 2017 Equity Plan succeeds and replaces the Starwood Property

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Trust, Inc. Equity Plan (the “Equity Plan”) and the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Non-Executive Director Stock Plan (the “Non-Executive Director Stock Plan”).

The table below summarizes our share awards granted or vested under the Manager Equity Plan and the 2017 Manager Equity Plan during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollar amounts in thousands):

Grant Date

    

Type

    

Amount Granted

    

Grant Date Fair Value

    

Vesting Period

 

September 2019

RSU

1,200,000

$

29,484

(1)

April 2018

RSU

775,000

16,329

3 years

March 2017

RSU

1,000,000

22,240

3 years

(1)Of the amount granted, 218,898 vested immediately on the grant date and the remaining amount vests over a three-year period.

Schedule of Non-Vested Shares and Share Equivalents

2017

Weighted Average

2017

Weighted Average

2017

Manager

Grant Date Fair

2017

Manager

Grant Date Fair

Equity Plan

Equity Plan

Total

Value (per share)

Equity Plan

Equity Plan

Total

Value (per share)

Balance as of January 1, 2020

 

1,413,170

 

1,305,597

 

2,718,767

 

$

22.74

 

1,413,170

 

1,305,597

 

2,718,767

 

$

22.74

Granted

965,847

 

965,847

 

10.77

1,014,753

 

1,014,753

 

10.98

Vested

 

(474,367)

(229,675)

 

(704,042)

 

22.28

 

(640,727)

(522,359)

 

(1,163,086)

 

22.50

Forfeited

 

(314)

 

(314)

 

21.31

 

(20,960)

 

(20,960)

 

14.23

Balance as of March 31, 2020

 

1,904,336

 

1,075,922

 

2,980,258

 

18.97

Balance as of September 30, 2020

 

1,766,236

 

783,238

 

2,549,474

 

18.23

As of March 31,September 30, 2020, there were 6.5 million shares of common stock available for future grants under the 2017 Manager Equity Plan and the 2017 Equity Plan.

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Non-Controlling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries

In connection with our Woodstar II Portfolio acquisitions, we issued 10.2 million Class A Units in our consolidated subsidiary, SPT Dolphin, and rights to receive an additional 1.9 million Class A Units if certain contingent events occur. As of March 31,September 30, 2020, 1.8 million of the 1.9 million contingent Class A Units were issued. The Class A Units are redeemable for consideration equal to the current share price of the Company’s common stock on a 1-for-one basis, with the consideration paid in either cash or the Company’s common stock, at the determination of the Company. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, redemptions of 0.40.5 million of the Class A Units were received, andof which 0.4 million were settled in common stock and 0.1 million were settled for $1.3 million in cash, leaving 10.610.5 million Class A Units outstanding as of March 31,September 30, 2020. In consolidation, the outstanding Class A Units are reflected as non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, the balance of which was $227.1$225.4 million and $235.9 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

To the extent SPT Dolphin has sufficient cash available, the Class A Units earn a preferred return indexed to the dividend rate of the Company’s common stock. Any distributions made pursuant to this waterfall are recognized within net income attributable to non-controlling interests in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, and 2019, we recognized net income attributable to non-controlling interests of $5.1 million and $5.7$15.3 million, respectively, associated with these Class A Units. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized net income attributable to non-controlling interests of $5.2 million and $16.3 million, respectively, associated with these Class A Units.

As discussed in Note 14, we entered into the CMBS JV within our Investing and Servicing Segment in December 2019. Because the CMBS JV was deemed a VIE for which we were the primary beneficiary, this transaction was not recognized as a sale for GAAP purposes. Instead, the 49% interest of our joint venture partner is reflected as a non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiaries on our consolidated balance sheets, and any net income attributable to this 49% joint venture interest is reflected within net income attributable to non-controlling interests in our consolidated statement of operations. The non-controlling interests in the CMBS JV was $121.6were $127.8 million and $175.6 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, net lossincome attributable to non-controlling interests was $6.0 million.

$6.8 million and $7.6 million, respectively.

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17. (Loss) Earnings per Share

The following table provides a reconciliation of net (loss) income and the number of shares of common stock used in the computation of basic EPS and diluted EPS (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):

For the Three Months Ended

For the Three Months Ended

For the Nine Months Ended

March 31,

September 30,

September 30,

    

2020

    

2019

    

2020

    

2019

    

2020

    

2019

Basic (Loss) Earnings

(Loss) income attributable to STWD common stockholders

$

(66,769)

$

70,383

Basic Earnings

Income attributable to STWD common stockholders

$

151,834

$

140,396

$

224,721

$

337,795

Less: Income attributable to participating shares not already deducted as non-controlling interests

 

(1,222)

 

(824)

 

(1,721)

 

(1,205)

 

(3,422)

 

(2,779)

Basic (loss) earnings

$

(67,991)

$

69,559

Basic earnings

$

150,113

$

139,191

$

221,299

$

335,016

Diluted (Loss) Earnings

(Loss) income attributable to STWD common stockholders

$

(66,769)

$

70,383

Diluted Earnings

Income attributable to STWD common stockholders

$

151,834

$

140,396

$

224,721

$

337,795

Less: Income attributable to participating shares not already deducted as non-controlling interests

 

(1,222)

 

(824)

 

(1,721)

 

(1,205)

 

(3,422)

 

(2,779)

Add: Interest expense on Convertible Notes (1)

*

*

3,055

3,071

*

9,306

Add: Loss on extinguishment of Convertible Notes (1)

*

*

Diluted (loss) earnings

$

(67,991)

$

69,559

Add: Undistributed earnings to participating shares

 

663

 

188

 

 

Less: Undistributed earnings reallocated to participating shares

 

(642)

 

(182)

 

 

Diluted earnings

$

153,189

$

142,268

$

221,299

$

344,322

Number of Shares:

Basic — Average shares outstanding

 

280,990

 

277,544

 

282,596

 

279,992

 

281,686

 

278,934

Effect of dilutive securities — Convertible Notes (1)

 

*

 

*

 

9,649

 

9,649

 

*

 

9,857

Effect of dilutive securities — Contingently issuable shares

 

 

38

 

38

Effect of dilutive securities — Unvested non-participating shares

154

213

233

182

192

Diluted — Average shares outstanding

 

280,990

 

277,698

 

292,458

 

289,912

 

281,868

 

289,021

(Loss) Earnings Per Share Attributable to STWD Common Stockholders:

Earnings Per Share Attributable to STWD Common Stockholders:

Basic

$

(0.24)

$

0.25

$

0.53

$

0.50

$

0.79

$

1.20

Diluted

$

(0.24)

$

0.25

$

0.52

$

0.49

$

0.79

$

1.19

(1)The Company does not intend to fully settle the principal amount of the Convertible Notes in cash upon conversion. Accordingly, under GAAP, the dilutive effect to EPS for the periods presented above is determined using the “if-converted” method whereby interest expense or any loss on extinguishment of our Convertible Notes is added back to the diluted EPS numerator and the full number of potential shares contingently issuable upon their conversion is included in the diluted EPS denominator, if dilutive. Refer to Note 10 for further discussion.

* Our Convertible Notes were not dilutive for the threenine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.September 30, 2020.

As of March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, participating shares of 13.212.8 million and 13.613.4 million, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted shares as their effect was already considered under the more dilutive two-class method used above. Such participating shares at March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019 included 10.610.5 million and 11.910.9 million potential shares, respectively, of our common stock issuable upon redemption of the Class A Units in SPT Dolphin, as discussed in Note 16.

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18. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The changes in AOCI by component are as follows (amounts in thousands):

    

Cumulative

    

    

    

Cumulative

    

    

Unrealized Gain

Unrealized Gain

(Loss) on

Foreign

(Loss) on

Foreign

Available-for-

Currency

Available-for-

Currency

Sale Securities

Translation

Total

Sale Securities

Translation

Total

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Balance at July 1, 2020

$

42,930

$

(64)

$

42,866

OCI before reclassifications

 

(581)

 

 

(581)

Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 

 

 

Net period OCI

 

(581)

 

 

(581)

Balance at September 30, 2020

$

42,349

$

(64)

$

42,285

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Balance at July 1, 2019

$

53,049

$

4,075

$

57,124

OCI before reclassifications

(520)

 

(4,168)

 

(4,688)

Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 

(59)

 

 

(59)

Net period OCI

 

(579)

 

(4,168)

 

(4,747)

Balance at September 30, 2019

$

52,470

$

(93)

$

52,377

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Balance at January 1, 2020

$

50,996

$

(64)

$

50,932

$

50,996

$

(64)

$

50,932

OCI before reclassifications

 

(15,048)

 

 

(15,048)

 

(8,647)

 

 

(8,647)

Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net period OCI

 

(15,048)

 

 

(15,048)

 

(8,647)

 

 

(8,647)

Balance at March 31, 2020

$

35,948

$

(64)

$

35,884

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Balance at September 30, 2020

$

42,349

$

(64)

$

42,285

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Balance at January 1, 2019

$

53,515

$

5,145

$

58,660

$

53,515

$

5,145

$

58,660

OCI before reclassifications

 

(387)

 

(2,475)

 

(2,862)

 

(986)

 

(5,238)

 

(6,224)

Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 

 

 

 

(59)

 

 

(59)

Net period OCI

 

(387)

 

(2,475)

 

(2,862)

 

(1,045)

 

(5,238)

 

(6,283)

Balance at March 31, 2019

$

53,128

$

2,670

$

55,798

Balance at September 30, 2019

$

52,470

$

(93)

$

52,377

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19. Fair Value

GAAP establishes a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the observability of inputs utilized in measuring financial assets and liabilities at fair value. GAAP establishes market-based or observable inputs as the preferred source of values, followed by valuation models using management assumptions in the absence of market inputs. The three levels of the hierarchy are described below:

Level I—Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level II—Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level I) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.

Level III—Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.

Valuation Process

We have valuation control processes in place to validate the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value including those derived from pricing models. These control processes are designed to assure that the values used for financial reporting are based on observable inputs wherever possible. In the event that observable inputs are not available, the control processes are designed to assure that the valuation approach utilized is appropriate and consistently applied and the assumptions are reasonable.

Pricing Verification—We use recently executed transactions, other observable market data such as exchange data, broker/dealer quotes, third party pricing vendors and aggregation services for validating the fair values generated using valuation models. Pricing data provided by approved external sources is evaluated using a number of approaches; for example, by corroborating the external sources’ prices to executed trades, analyzing the methodology and assumptions used by the external source to generate a price and/or by evaluating how active the third party pricing source (or originating sources used by the third party pricing source) is in the market.

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Unobservable Inputs—Where inputs are not observable, we review the appropriateness of the proposed valuation methodology to ensure it is consistent with how a market participant would arrive at the unobservable input. The valuation methodologies utilized in the absence of observable inputs may include extrapolation techniques and the use of comparable observable inputs.

Any changes to the valuation methodology will be reviewed by our management to ensure the changes are appropriate. The methods used may produce a fair value calculation that is not indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while we anticipate that our valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies, or assumptions, to determine the fair value could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

We determine the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as follows:

Loans held-for-sale, commercial

We measure the fair value of our commercial mortgage loans held-for-sale using a discounted cash flow analysis unless observable market data (i.e., securitized pricing) is available. A discounted cash flow analysis requires management to make estimates regarding future interest rates and credit spreads. The most significant of these inputs relates to credit spreads and is unobservable. Thus, we have determined that the fair values of mortgage loans valued using a discounted cash flow analysis should be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy, while mortgage loans

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valued using securitized pricing should be classified in Level II of the fair value hierarchy. Mortgage loans classified in Level III are transferred to Level II if securitized pricing becomes available.

Loans held-for-sale and loans held-for-investment, residential

We measure the fair value of our residential mortgage loans held-for-sale and held-for-investment based on the net present value of expected future cash flows using a combination of observable and unobservable inputs. Observable market participant assumptions include pricing related to trades of residential mortgage loans with similar characteristics. Unobservable inputs include the expectation of future cash flows, which involves judgments about the underlying collateral, the creditworthiness of the borrower, estimated prepayment speeds, estimated future credit losses, forward interest rates, investor yield requirements and certain other factors. At each measurement date, we consider both the observable and unobservable valuation inputs in the determination of fair value. However, given the significance of the unobservable inputs, these loans have been classified within Level III.

RMBS

RMBS are valued utilizing observable and unobservable market inputs. The observable market inputs include recent transactions, broker quotes and vendor prices (“market data”). However, given the implied price dispersion amongst the market data, the fair value determination for RMBS has also utilized significant unobservable inputs in discounted cash flow models including prepayments, default and severity estimates based on the recent performance of the collateral, the underlying collateral characteristics, industry trends, as well as expectations of macroeconomic events (e.g., housing price curves, interest rate curves, etc.). At each measurement date, we consider both the observable and unobservable valuation inputs in the determination of fair value. However, given the significance of the unobservable inputs these securities have been classified within Level III.

CMBS

CMBS are valued utilizing both observable and unobservable market inputs. These factors include projected future cash flows, ratings, subordination levels, vintage, remaining lives, credit issues, recent trades of similar securities and the spreads used in the prior valuation. We obtain current market spread information where available and use this information in evaluating and validating the market price of all CMBS. Depending upon the significance of the fair value inputs used in determining these fair values, these securities are classified in either Level II or Level III of the fair value hierarchy. CMBS may shift between Level II and Level III of the fair value hierarchy if the significant fair value inputs used to price the CMBS become or cease to be observable.

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Equity security

The equity security is publicly registered and traded in the U.S. and its market price is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The security has been classified within Level I.

Domestic servicing rights

The fair value of this intangible is determined using discounted cash flow modeling techniques which require management to make estimates regarding future net servicing cash flows, including forecasted loan defeasance, control migration, delinquency and anticipated maturity defaults which are calculated assuming a debt yield at which default occurs. Since the most significant of these inputs are unobservable, we have determined that the fair values of this intangible in its entirety should be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy.

Derivatives

The valuation of derivative contracts are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market based inputs, including interest rate curves, spot and market forward points and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted

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expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves.

We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterparty’s non-performance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of our derivative contracts for the effect of non-performance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.

The valuation of over the counter derivatives are determined using discounted cash flows based on Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) rates. Fully collateralized trades are discounted using OIS with no additional economic adjustments to arrive at fair value. Uncollateralized or partially collateralized trades are also discounted at OIS, but include appropriate economic adjustments for funding costs (i.e., a LIBOR OIS basis adjustment to approximate uncollateralized cost of funds) and credit risk. For credit index instruments, fair value is determined based on changes in the relevant indices from the date of initiation of the instrument to the reporting date, as these changes determine the amount of any future cash settlement between us and the counterparty. These indices are considered Level II inputs as they are directly observable.

Although we have determined that the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level II of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level III inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counterparties. However, as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we have assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our derivative positions and have determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of our derivatives. As a result, we have determined that our derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level II of the fair value hierarchy.

Liabilities of consolidated VIEs

Our consolidated VIE liabilities generally represent bonds that are not owned by us. The majority of these are either traded in the marketplace or can be analogized to similar securities that are traded in the marketplace. For these liabilities, pricing is considered to be Level II, where the valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments traded in active markets. We generally utilize third party pricing service providers for valuing these liabilities. In order to determine whether to utilize the valuations provided by third parties, we conduct an ongoing evaluation of their valuation methodologies and processes, as well as a review of the individual valuations themselves. In evaluating third party pricing for reasonableness, we consider a variety of factors, including market transaction information for the particular bond, market transaction information for bonds within the same trust, market transaction information for similar bonds, the bond’s ratings and the bond’s subordination levels.

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For the minority portion of our consolidated VIE liabilities which consist of unrated or non-investment grade bonds that are not owned by us, pricing may be either Level II or Level III. If independent third party pricing similar to that noted above is available, we consider the valuation to be Level II. If such third party pricing is not available, the valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant unobservable assumptions, and we consider the valuation to be Level III. For VIE liabilities classified as Level III, valuation is determined based on discounted expected future cash flows which take into consideration expected duration and yields based on market transaction information, ratings, subordination levels, vintage and current market spread. VIE liabilities may shift between Level II and Level III of the fair value hierarchy if the significant fair value inputs used to price the VIE liabilities become or cease to be observable.

Assets of consolidated VIEs

The securitization VIEs in which we invest are “static”; that is, no reinvestment is permitted, and there is no active management of the underlying assets. In determining the fair value of the assets of the VIE, we maximize the use of observable inputs over unobservable inputs. The individual assets of a VIE are inherently incapable of precise measurement given their illiquid nature and the limitations on available information related to these assets. Because our methodology for valuing these assets does not value the individual assets of a VIE, but rather uses the value of the VIE

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liabilities as an indicator of the fair value of VIE assets as a whole, we have determined that our valuations of VIE assets in their entirety should be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy.

Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We determine the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as follows:

Loans held-for-sale, infrastructure

We measure the fair value of infrastructure loans held-for-sale, which are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value, utilizing bids periodically received from third parties to acquire these assets. As these bids represent observable market data, we have determined that the fair value of these assets would be classified in Level II of the fair value hierarchy.

Fair Value Only Disclosed

We determine the fair value of our financial instruments and assets where fair value is disclosed as follows:

Loans held-for-investment and loans held-for-sale

We estimate the fair values of our loans not carried at fair value on a recurring basis by discounting their expected cash flows at a rate we estimate would be demanded by the market participants that are most likely to buy our loans. The expected cash flows used are generally the same as those used to calculate our level yield income in the financial statements. Since these inputs are unobservable, we have determined that the fair value of these loans in their entirety would be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy.

HTM debt securities

We estimate the fair value of our mandatorily redeemable preferred equity interests in commercial real estate companies and infrastructure bonds using the same methodology described for our loans held-for-investment. We estimate the fair value of our HTM CMBS using the same methodology described for our CMBS carried at fair value on a recurring basis.

Secured financing agreements, CLO and unsecured senior notes not convertible

The fair value of the secured financing agreements, CLO and unsecured senior notes not convertible are determined by discounting the contractual cash flows at the interest rate we estimate such arrangements would bear if executed in the current market. We have determined that our valuation of these instruments should be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy.

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Convertible Notes

The fair value of the debt component of our Convertible Notes is estimated by discounting the contractual cash flows at the interest rate we estimate such notes would bear if sold in the current market without the embedded conversion option which, in accordance with ASC 470, is reflected as a component of equity. We have determined that our valuation of our Convertible Notes should be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy.

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Fair Value Disclosures

The following tables present our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the condensed consolidated balance sheets by their level in the fair value hierarchy as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

March 31, 2020

September 30, 2020

    

Total

    

Level I

    

Level II

    

Level III

    

Total

    

Level I

    

Level II

    

Level III

Financial Assets:

Loans under fair value option

$

1,347,797

$

$

$

1,347,797

$

1,269,080

$

$

$

1,269,080

RMBS

 

170,640

 

 

 

170,640

 

170,270

 

 

 

170,270

CMBS

 

32,855

 

 

10,420

 

22,435

 

23,489

 

 

1,640

 

21,849

Equity security

 

8,626

 

8,626

 

 

 

10,058

 

10,058

 

 

Domestic servicing rights

 

16,524

 

 

 

16,524

 

14,589

 

 

 

14,589

Derivative assets

 

101,448

 

 

101,448

 

 

64,825

 

 

64,825

 

VIE assets

 

61,157,805

 

 

 

61,157,805

 

64,477,475

 

 

 

64,477,475

Total

$

62,835,695

$

8,626

$

111,868

$

62,715,201

$

66,029,786

$

10,058

$

66,465

$

65,953,263

Financial Liabilities:

Derivative liabilities

$

5,118

$

$

5,118

$

$

13,452

$

$

13,452

$

VIE liabilities

 

59,807,306

 

 

58,300,869

 

1,506,437

 

62,876,265

 

 

60,560,959

 

2,315,306

Total

$

59,812,424

$

$

58,305,987

$

1,506,437

$

62,889,717

$

$

60,574,411

$

2,315,306

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2019

    

Total

    

Level I

    

Level II

    

Level III

    

Total

    

Level��I

    

Level II

    

Level III

Financial Assets:

Loans under fair value option

$

1,436,194

$

$

$

1,436,194

$

1,436,194

$

$

$

1,436,194

RMBS

 

189,576

 

 

 

189,576

 

189,576

 

 

 

189,576

CMBS

 

37,360

 

 

12,352

 

25,008

 

37,360

 

 

12,352

 

25,008

Equity security

 

12,664

 

12,664

 

 

 

12,664

 

12,664

 

 

Domestic servicing rights

 

16,917

 

 

 

16,917

 

16,917

 

 

 

16,917

Derivative assets

 

28,943

 

 

28,943

 

 

28,943

 

 

28,943

 

VIE assets

 

62,187,175

 

 

 

62,187,175

 

62,187,175

 

 

 

62,187,175

Total

$

63,908,829

$

12,664

$

41,295

$

63,854,870

$

63,908,829

$

12,664

$

41,295

$

63,854,870

Financial Liabilities:

Derivative liabilities

$

8,740

$

$

8,740

$

$

8,740

$

$

8,740

$

VIE liabilities

 

60,743,494

 

 

58,206,102

 

2,537,392

 

60,743,494

 

 

58,206,102

 

2,537,392

Total

$

60,752,234

$

$

58,214,842

$

2,537,392

$

60,752,234

$

$

58,214,842

$

2,537,392

4852

Table of Contents

The changes in financial assets and liabilities classified as Level III are as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

    

    

    

    

Domestic

    

    

    

Loans at

Servicing

VIE

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Fair Value

RMBS

CMBS

Rights

VIE Assets

Liabilities

Total

July 1, 2020 balance

$

894,613

$

174,281

$

21,891

$

13,955

$

64,175,387

$

(2,129,529)

$

63,150,598

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

Included in earnings:

Change in fair value / gain on sale

 

61,384

 

 

(56)

634

 

(202,560)

 

(30,577)

 

(171,175)

Net accretion

 

 

2,633

 

 

 

 

 

2,633

Included in OCI

 

 

(581)

 

 

 

 

 

(581)

Purchases / Originations

 

1,013,158

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,013,158

Sales

 

(656,818)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(656,818)

Cash repayments / receipts

 

(43,257)

 

(6,063)

 

(213)

 

 

 

(329)

 

(49,862)

Transfers into Level III

 

 

 

 

 

 

(485,332)

 

(485,332)

Transfers out of Level III

 

 

 

 

 

 

322,888

 

322,888

Consolidation of VIEs

 

 

 

 

 

512,300

 

 

512,300

Deconsolidation of VIEs

 

 

 

227

 

 

(7,652)

 

7,573

 

148

September 30, 2020 balance

$

1,269,080

$

170,270

$

21,849

$

14,589

$

64,477,475

$

(2,315,306)

$

63,637,957

Amount of unrealized gains (losses) attributable to assets still held at September 30, 2020:

Included in earnings

$

8,864

$

2,633

$

(56)

$

634

$

(194,147)

$

(30,577)

$

(212,649)

Included in OCI

$

$

(581)

$

$

$

$

$

(581)

    

    

    

    

Domestic

    

    

    

Loans at

Servicing

VIE

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Fair Value

RMBS

CMBS

Rights

VIE Assets

Liabilities

Total

July 1, 2019 balance

$

1,372,398

$

200,874

$

34,283

$

18,874

$

57,667,606

$

(2,374,002)

$

56,920,033

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

Included in earnings:

Change in fair value / gain on sale

 

32,512

 

 

432

(625)

 

(380,973)

 

28,005

 

(320,649)

Net accretion

 

 

2,446

 

 

 

 

 

2,446

Included in OCI

 

 

(578)

 

 

 

 

 

(578)

Purchases / Originations

1,123,553

 

 

5,165

 

 

 

1,128,718

Sales

 

(846,047)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(846,047)

Issuances

 

 

 

 

 

 

(22,958)

 

(22,958)

Cash repayments / receipts

(33,054)

 

(7,445)

 

(3,343)

 

 

 

(12,516)

 

(56,358)

Transfers into Level III

 

 

 

 

 

 

(122,911)

 

(122,911)

Transfers out of Level III

 

(225,813)

 

 

 

 

 

319,727

 

93,914

Consolidation of VIEs

 

 

 

 

 

1,999,780

 

(85,450)

 

1,914,330

Deconsolidation of VIEs

 

 

 

(657)

 

 

(37,359)

 

 

(38,016)

September 30, 2019 balance

$

1,423,549

$

195,297

$

35,880

$

18,249

$

59,249,054

$

(2,270,105)

$

58,651,924

Amount of unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings attributable to assets still held at September 30, 2019

$

4,537

$

2,390

$

434

$

(625)

$

(380,973)

$

28,005

$

(346,232)

53

Table of Contents 

The changes in financial assets and liabilities classified as Level III are as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

   

    

    

    

Domestic

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

Domestic

    

    

    

Loans at

Servicing

VIE

Loans at

Servicing

VIE

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Fair Value

RMBS

CMBS

Rights

VIE Assets

Liabilities

Total

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Fair Value

RMBS

CMBS

Rights

VIE Assets

Liabilities

Total

January 1, 2020 balance

$

1,436,194

$

189,576

$

25,008

$

16,917

$

62,187,175

$

(2,537,392)

$

61,317,478

$

1,436,194

$

189,576

$

25,008

$

16,917

$

62,187,175

$

(2,537,392)

$

61,317,478

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

Included in earnings:

Change in fair value / gain on sale

 

(16,134)

 

 

5,738

(393)

 

(3,506,792)

 

146,282

 

(3,371,299)

 

79,700

 

 

5,331

 

(2,328)

 

(1,291,705)

 

107,019

 

(1,101,983)

Net accretion

 

 

2,661

 

 

 

 

 

2,661

 

 

7,967

 

 

 

 

 

7,967

Included in OCI

 

 

(15,048)

 

 

 

 

 

(15,048)

 

 

(8,647)

 

 

 

 

 

(8,647)

Purchases / Originations

 

746,880

 

 

 

 

 

 

746,880

 

1,900,738

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,900,738

Sales

 

(751,746)

 

 

(7,940)

 

 

 

 

(759,686)

 

(1,998,255)

 

 

(7,940)

 

 

 

 

(2,006,195)

Issuances

 

 

 

 

 

 

(24,376)

 

(24,376)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(24,376)

 

(24,376)

Cash repayments / receipts

 

(67,397)

 

(6,549)

 

(371)

 

 

 

(8,916)

 

(83,233)

 

(149,297)

 

(18,626)

 

(777)

 

 

 

(9,589)

 

(178,289)

Transfers into Level III

 

 

 

 

 

 

(101,265)

 

(101,265)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,242,539)

 

(1,242,539)

Transfers out of Level III

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,090,325

 

1,090,325

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,455,093

 

1,455,093

Consolidation of VIEs

 

 

 

 

 

2,477,422

 

(71,095)

 

2,406,327

 

 

 

 

 

3,589,657

 

(71,095)

 

3,518,562

March 31, 2020 balance

$

1,347,797

$

170,640

$

22,435

$

16,524

$

61,157,805

$

(1,506,437)

$

61,208,764

Amount of unrealized (losses) gains attributable to assets still held at March 31, 2020:

Deconsolidation of VIEs

 

 

 

227

 

 

(7,652)

 

7,573

 

148

September 30, 2020 balance

$

1,269,080

$

170,270

$

21,849

$

14,589

$

64,477,475

$

(2,315,306)

$

63,637,957

Amount of unrealized gains (losses) attributable to assets still held at September 30, 2020:

Included in earnings

$

(39,070)

$

2,661

$

(647)

$

(393)

$

(3,506,792)

$

146,282

$

(3,397,959)

$

8,551

$

7,967

$

(1,055)

$

(2,328)

$

(1,213,498)

$

107,019

$

(1,093,344)

Included in OCI

$

$

(15,048)

$

$

$

$

$

(15,048)

$

$

(8,647)

$

$

$

$

$

(8,647)

    

    

    

    

Domestic

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

Domestic

    

    

    

Loans at

Servicing

VIE

Loans at

Servicing

VIE

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Fair Value

RMBS

CMBS

Rights

VIE Assets

Liabilities

Total

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Fair Value

RMBS

CMBS

Rights

VIE Assets

Liabilities

Total

January 1, 2019 balance

$

671,282

$

209,079

$

25,228

$

20,557

$

53,446,364

$

(1,441,446)

$

52,931,064

$

671,282

$

209,079

$

25,228

$

20,557

$

53,446,364

$

(1,441,446)

$

52,931,064

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

Included in earnings:

Change in fair value / gain on sale

 

11,266

 

 

(295)

 

(767)

 

294,345

 

33,957

 

338,506

 

65,669

 

 

1,153

 

(2,308)

 

39,961

 

51,907

 

156,382

Net accretion

 

 

2,503

 

 

 

 

 

2,503

 

 

7,484

 

 

 

 

 

7,484

Included in OCI

 

 

(387)

 

 

 

 

 

(387)

 

 

(1,044)

 

 

 

 

 

(1,044)

Purchases / Originations

740,296

 

 

 

 

 

740,296

2,775,787

 

 

5,165

 

 

 

2,780,952

Sales

 

(561,702)

 

 

(3,228)

 

 

 

 

(564,930)

 

(1,774,794)

 

 

(3,978)

 

 

 

 

(1,778,772)

Issuances

 

 

 

 

 

 

(33,678)

 

(33,678)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(81,681)

 

(81,681)

Cash repayments / receipts

(19,455)

 

(6,360)

 

(188)

 

 

 

(389)

 

(26,392)

(88,582)

 

(20,222)

 

(8,933)

 

 

 

(15,786)

 

(133,523)

Transfers into Level III

 

 

 

5,350

 

 

 

(670,742)

 

(665,392)

 

 

 

5,350

 

 

 

(1,374,505)

 

(1,369,155)

Transfers out of Level III

 

 

 

 

 

 

136,592

 

136,592

 

(225,813)

 

 

 

 

 

750,546

 

524,733

Consolidation of VIEs

 

 

 

 

 

3,280,065

 

(103,309)

 

3,176,756

 

 

 

 

 

6,103,915

 

(193,300)

 

5,910,615

Deconsolidation of VIEs

 

 

 

11,468

 

 

(45,910)

 

32,456

 

(1,986)

 

 

 

11,895

 

 

(341,186)

 

34,160

 

(295,131)

March 31, 2019 balance

$

841,687

$

204,835

$

38,335

$

19,790

$

56,974,864

$

(2,046,559)

$

56,032,952

Amount of unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings attributable to assets still held at March 31, 2019

$

3,169

$

2,503

$

(567)

$

(767)

$

294,345

$

33,957

$

332,640

September 30, 2019 balance

$

1,423,549

$

195,297

$

35,880

$

18,249

$

59,249,054

$

(2,270,105)

$

58,651,924

Amount of total gains (losses) included in earnings attributable to assets still held at September 30, 2019

$

6,775

$

7,397

$

101

$

(2,308)

$

39,961

$

51,907

$

103,833

Amounts were transferred from Level II to Level III due to a decrease in the observable relevant market activity and amounts were transferred from Level III to Level II due to an increase in the observable relevant market activity.

The following table presents the fair values, all of which are classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy, of our financial instruments not carried at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets (amounts in thousands):

March 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

September 30, 2020

December 31, 2019

   

Carrying

   

Fair

Carrying

  

Fair

   

Carrying

   

Fair

Carrying

  

Fair

Value

Value

Value

Value

Value

Value

Value

Value

Financial assets not carried at fair value:

Loans held-for-investment and loans held-for-sale

$

10,316,073

$

10,165,113

$

10,034,030

$

10,086,372

$

10,662,245

$

10,583,876

$

10,034,030

$

10,086,372

HTM debt securities

 

565,851

 

540,268

 

570,638

 

568,727

 

541,296

 

512,808

 

570,638

 

568,727

Financial liabilities not carried at fair value:

Secured financing agreements and CLO

$

10,618,366

$

10,361,814

$

9,834,108

$

9,826,511

$

10,545,823

$

10,495,587

$

9,834,108

$

9,826,511

Unsecured senior notes

 

1,930,584

 

1,773,382

 

1,928,622

 

2,022,283

 

1,934,555

 

1,917,805

 

1,928,622

 

2,022,283

4954

Table of Contents 

The following is quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs in our Level III measurements for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (dollars in thousands):

Carrying Value at

Valuation

Unobservable

Range (Weighted Average) as of (1)

Carrying Value at

Valuation

Unobservable

Range (Weighted Average) as of (1)

 

March 31, 2020

  

Technique

  

Input

  

March 31, 2020

  

December 31, 2019

   

September 30, 2020

   

Technique

   

Input

   

September 30, 2020

   

December 31, 2019

Loans under fair value option

$

1,347,797

Discounted cash flow

Yield (b)

3.2% - 8.9% (5.2%)

3.4% - 5.9%

$

1,269,080

Discounted cash flow

Yield (b)

3.3% - 9.7% (4.7%)

3.4% - 5.9%

Duration (c)

1.4 - 11.3 years (4.8 years)

1.3 - 11.3 years

Duration (c)

1.5 - 10.8 years (4.8 years)

1.3 - 11.3 years

RMBS

 

170,640

Discounted cash flow

Constant prepayment rate (a)

3.3% - 17.8% (7.7%) 

3.1% - 24.9%

 

170,270

Discounted cash flow

Constant prepayment rate (a)

3.2% - 16.4% (7.3%) 

3.1% - 24.9%

Constant default rate (b)

0.4% - 4.8% (2.4%) 

0.5% - 5.0%

Constant default rate (b)

1.3% - 5.0% (2.6%)

0.5% - 5.0%

Loss severity (b)

0% - 82% (29%) (e) 

0% - 93% (e)

Loss severity (b)

0% - 79% (26%) (e) 

0% - 93% (e)

Delinquency rate (c)

4% - 29% (17%) 

5% - 29%

Delinquency rate (c)

8% - 28% (18%) 

5% - 29%

Servicer advances (a)

27% - 85% (61%) 

27% - 85%

Servicer advances (a)

24% - 85% (61%) 

27% - 85%

Annual coupon deterioration (b)

0% - 0.9% (0.1%) 

0% - 1.6%

Annual coupon deterioration (b)

0.0% - 0.9% (0.1%)

0% - 1.6%

Putback amount per projected total collateral loss (d)

0% - 25% (2.9%)  

0% - 28%

Putback amount per projected total collateral loss (d)

0% -25% (1.1%)  

0% - 28%

CMBS

 

22,435

Discounted cash flow

Yield (b)

0% - 6.2% (3.9%) 

0% - 122.9%

 

21,849

Discounted cash flow

Yield (b)

0% - 700.5% (6.1%) 

0% - 122.9%

Duration (c)

0 - 9.7 years (4.8 years)

0 - 9.7 years

Duration (c)

0 - 8.9 years (5.5 years)

0 - 9.7 years

Domestic servicing rights

 

16,524

Discounted cash flow

Debt yield (a)

7.75% (7.75%) 

7.50%

 

14,589

Discounted cash flow

Debt yield (a)

7.75% (7.75%) 

7.50%

Discount rate (b)

15% (15%) 

15%

Discount rate (b)

15% (15%) 

15%

Control migration (b)

0% - 80% (80%)

0% - 80%

VIE assets

 

61,157,805

Discounted cash flow

Yield (b)

0% - 862.5% (10.7%)

0% - 690.7%

 

64,477,475

Discounted cash flow

Yield (b)

0% - 751.1% (13.3%)

0% - 690.7%

Duration (c)

0 - 18.2 years (5.1 years)

0 - 19.2 years

Duration (c)

0 - 19 years (3.9 years)

0 - 19.2 years

VIE liabilities

 

(1,506,437)

Discounted cash flow

Yield (b)

0% - 862.5% (10.6%)

0% - 690.7%

 

(2,315,306)

Discounted cash flow

Yield (b)

0% - 751.1% (13.3%)

0% - 690.7%

Duration (c)

0 - 11.4 years (5.2 years)

0 - 12.7 years

Duration (c)

0 - 11.0 years (3.8 years)

0 - 12.7 years

(1)The ranges and weighted averages of significant unobservable inputs are represented in percentages and years. Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative carrying value of the instruments as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

Information about Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements

(a)Significant increase (decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
(b)Significant increase (decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
(c)Significant increase (decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would result in either a significantly lower or higher (higher or lower) fair value measurement depending on the structural features of the security in question.
(d)Any delay in the putback recovery date leads to a decrease in fair value for the majority of securities in our RMBS portfolio.
(e)28%17% and 34% of the portfolio falls within a range of 45% - 80% as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

20. Income Taxes

Certain of our domestic subsidiaries have elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). TRSs permit us to participate in certain activities from which REITs are generally precluded, as long as these activities meet specific criteria, are conducted within the parameters of certain limitations established by the Code and are conducted in entities which elect to be treated as taxable subsidiaries under the Code. To the extent these criteria are met, we will continue to maintain our qualification as a REIT.

Our TRSs engage in various real estate related operations, including special servicing of commercial real estate, originating and securitizing commercial mortgage loans, and investing in entities which engage in real estate-related operations. As of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximately $1.4$1.3 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, of assets were owned by TRS entities. Our TRSs are not consolidated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but are instead taxed as corporations. For financial reporting purposes, a provision for current and deferred taxes is established for the portion of earnings recognized by us with respect to our interest in TRSs.

5055

Table of Contents 

The following table is a reconciliation of our U.S. federal income tax (benefit) provision determined using our statutory federal tax rate to our reported income tax (benefit) provision for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

    

For the Three Months Ended March 31,

  

For the Three Months Ended September 30,

  

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,

    

2020

2019

2020

    

2019

 

    

2020

2019

Federal statutory tax rate

    

$

(15,329)

21.0

%

    

$

16,137

    

21.0

%

$

37,711

 

21.0

%

  

$

32,448

 

21.0

%

  

$

54,231

 

21.0

%

 

$

77,140

 

21.0

%

REIT and other non-taxable (loss) income

 

9,914

 

(13.6)

%

 

(16,160)

 

(21.0)

%

REIT and other non-taxable loss

 

(24,688)

(13.7)

%

 

(28,870)

(18.7)

%

 

(41,697)

(16.2)

%

 

(71,042)

(19.3)

%

State income taxes

 

(1,779)

 

2.4

%

 

(6)

 

%

 

4,278

2.4

%

 

937

0.6

%

 

4,118

1.6

%

 

1,597

0.4

%

Federal benefit of state tax deduction

 

374

 

(0.5)

%

 

1

 

%

 

(899)

(0.5)

%

 

(196)

(0.1)

%

 

(865)

(0.3)

%

 

(335)

(0.1)

%

Net operating loss carryback rate differential

 

(1,569)

(0.9)

%

 

%

 

(5,286)

(2.0)

%

 

%

Intra-entity transfer

%

%

(3,781)

(1.5)

%

%

Other

 

91

 

(0.1)

%

 

362

 

0.4

%

 

10

%

 

194

0.1

%

 

96

%

 

1,020

0.3

%

Effective tax rate

$

(6,729)

9.2

%

$

334

0.4

%

$

14,843

8.3

%

$

4,513

2.9

%

$

6,816

2.6

%

$

8,380

2.3

%

The Company has used the discrete tax approach in calculating the tax benefit for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 due to the fact that a relatively small change in the Company’s projected pre-tax net income (loss) could result in a volatile effective tax rate. Under the discrete method, the Company determines its tax (benefit) provisionbenefit based upon actual results as if the interim period was an annual period.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. and many other governments have enacted, or are contemplating enacting, measures to provide aid and economic stimulus.  These measures may include deferring the due dates of tax payments orand other changes to their income and non-income-based tax laws.  The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), which was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the U.S., includes measures to assist companies, including temporary changes to income and non-income-based tax laws.  Forlaws, and to allow companies to carry back tax net operating losses (“NOLs”) generated in 2018 to 2020 to the five preceding tax years. The Company plans to carry back its NOL generated this year to a year in which the federal tax rate was 35%, resulting in a tax benefit from the NOL carryback for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, there were no material tax impacts to our condensed consolidated financial statements as it relates to COVID-19 measures.September 30, 2020. We continue to monitor additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service and others.

21. Commitments and Contingencies

As of March 31,September 30, 2020, our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment had future commercial loan funding commitments totaling $2.7$1.8 billion, of which we expect to fund $2.5$1.6 billion. These future funding commitments primarily relate to construction projects, capital improvements, tenant improvements and leasing commissions. Additionally, as of March 31, 2020, our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment had an outstanding residential mortgage loan purchase commitment of $18.0 million to a residential mortgage originator in which we hold an equity interest. Refer to Note 15 for further discussion.

As of March 31September 30, 2020, our Infrastructure Lending Segment had future infrastructure loan funding commitments totaling $321.6$241.6 million, including $140.8$146.2 million under revolvers and letters of credit (“LCs”), and $180.8$95.4 million under delayed draw term loans. As of March 31September 30, 2020, $24.0$25.6 million of revolvers and LCs were outstanding.

In connection with the Infrastructure Lending Segment acquisition, we assumed guarantees of certain borrowers’ performance under existing interest rate swaps.  As of March 31September 30, 2020, we had 6 outstanding guarantees on interest rate swaps maturing between March 2022 and June 2025. Refer to Note 12 for further discussion.

Generally, funding commitments are subject to certain conditions that must be met, such as customary construction draw certifications, minimum debt service coverage ratios or executions of new leases before advances are made to the borrower.

Management is not aware of any other contractual obligations, legal proceedings, or any other contingent obligations incurred in the normal course of business that would have a material adverse effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

5156

Table of Contents 

22. Segment Data

In its operation of the business, management, including our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer, reviews certain financial information, including segmented internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis prior to the impact of consolidating securitization VIEs under ASC 810. The segment information within this Note is reported on that basis.

The table below presents our results of operations for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 by business segment (amounts in thousands):

Commercial and

Commercial and

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Securitization

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Securitization

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Subtotal

VIEs

Total

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Subtotal

VIEs

Total

Revenues:

Interest income from loans

$

192,381

$

22,413

$

$

2,633

$

$

217,427

$

$

217,427

$

149,972

$

17,835

$

$

1,597

$

$

169,404

$

$

169,404

Interest income from investment securities

 

18,628

 

701

 

 

24,800

 

44,129

 

(28,889)

 

15,240

 

21,385

 

635

 

 

23,587

 

45,607

 

(33,421)

 

12,186

Servicing fees

 

172

 

 

 

6,442

 

6,614

 

(1,821)

 

4,793

 

110

 

 

 

13,749

 

13,859

 

(4,311)

 

9,548

Rental income

78

63,961

10,107

74,146

74,146

2,014

63,925

10,039

75,978

75,978

Other revenues

 

178

 

143

 

122

 

513

 

956

 

(2)

 

954

 

66

 

101

 

48

 

98

 

313

 

(2)

 

311

Total revenues

 

211,437

 

23,257

 

64,083

 

44,495

 

 

343,272

 

(30,712)

 

312,560

 

173,547

 

18,571

 

63,973

 

49,070

 

 

305,161

 

(37,734)

 

267,427

Costs and expenses:

Management fees

 

351

 

 

 

239

 

40,107

 

40,697

 

31

 

40,728

 

297

 

 

 

221

 

22,596

 

23,114

 

13

 

23,127

Interest expense

 

53,950

 

13,117

 

17,121

 

7,194

28,805

 

120,187

 

(162)

 

120,025

 

38,422

 

8,914

 

16,180

 

5,425

27,040

 

95,981

 

 

95,981

General and administrative

 

8,132

 

4,423

 

1,078

 

20,684

4,301

 

38,618

 

84

 

38,702

 

12,483

 

3,568

 

1,094

 

18,813

3,436

 

39,394

 

84

 

39,478

Acquisition and investment pursuit costs

 

860

 

17

 

12

 

20

 

909

 

 

909

 

757

 

62

 

 

65

 

884

 

 

884

Costs of rental operations

778

22,852

4,584

28,214

28,214

643

24,302

4,577

29,522

29,522

Depreciation and amortization

 

415

 

70

 

19,288

 

4,207

 

23,980

 

 

23,980

 

430

 

87

 

19,130

 

3,934

 

23,581

 

 

23,581

Credit loss provision, net

 

40,217

 

8,452

 

 

 

48,669

 

 

48,669

Credit loss provision (reversal), net

 

782

 

(4,369)

 

 

 

(3,587)

 

 

(3,587)

Other expense

 

77

 

 

311

 

 

388

 

 

388

 

77

 

 

95

 

 

172

 

 

172

Total costs and expenses

 

104,780

 

26,079

 

60,662

 

36,928

73,213

 

301,662

 

(47)

 

301,615

 

53,891

 

8,262

 

60,801

 

33,035

53,072

 

209,061

 

97

 

209,158

Other (loss) income:

Other income (loss):

Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(45,493)

 

(45,493)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

58,585

 

58,585

Change in fair value of servicing rights

 

 

 

 

318

 

318

 

(711)

 

(393)

 

 

 

 

3,960

 

3,960

 

(3,326)

 

634

Change in fair value of investment securities, net

 

(27,879)

 

 

 

(47,216)

 

(75,095)

 

77,599

 

2,504

 

13,611

 

 

 

3,249

 

16,860

 

(17,059)

 

(199)

Change in fair value of mortgage loans, net

 

(35,517)

 

 

 

19,383

 

(16,134)

 

 

(16,134)

 

59,402

 

 

 

1,982

 

61,384

 

 

61,384

Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities

 

51

 

 

 

620

 

671

 

(574)

 

97

 

3,253

 

(80)

 

 

358

 

3,531

 

(339)

 

3,192

Gain on sale of investments and other assets, net

 

 

296

 

 

 

296

 

 

296

Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments, net

 

30,805

 

(1,001)

 

(30,223)

 

(19,106)

29,235

 

9,710

 

 

9,710

Foreign currency (loss) gain, net

 

(34,001)

 

(473)

 

(19)

 

7

 

(34,486)

 

 

(34,486)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

(170)

(170)

(170)

Other income, net

 

 

 

50

 

76

 

126

 

 

126

Total other (loss) income

 

(66,541)

 

(1,348)

 

(30,192)

 

(45,918)

29,235

 

(114,764)

 

30,821

 

(83,943)

(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments, net

 

(28,577)

 

110

 

(313)

 

38

645

 

(28,097)

 

 

(28,097)

Foreign currency gain, net

 

25,302

 

110

 

14

 

26

 

25,452

 

 

25,452

Other (loss) income, net

 

 

 

(1)

 

358

 

357

 

 

357

Total other income (loss)

 

72,991

 

140

 

(300)

 

9,971

645

 

83,447

 

37,861

 

121,308

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

40,116

 

(4,170)

 

(26,771)

 

(38,351)

(43,978)

 

(73,154)

 

156

 

(72,998)

 

192,647

 

10,449

 

2,872

 

26,006

(52,427)

 

179,547

 

30

 

179,577

Income tax benefit

 

4,422

 

145

 

 

2,162

 

6,729

 

 

6,729

Income tax (provision) benefit

 

(16,700)

 

(86)

 

 

1,943

 

(14,843)

 

 

(14,843)

Net income (loss)

 

44,538

 

(4,025)

 

(26,771)

 

(36,189)

(43,978)

 

(66,425)

 

156

 

(66,269)

 

175,947

 

10,363

 

2,872

 

27,949

(52,427)

 

164,704

 

30

 

164,734

Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(3)

 

 

(5,111)

 

4,770

 

(344)

 

(156)

 

(500)

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(3)

 

 

(5,072)

 

(7,795)

 

(12,870)

 

(30)

 

(12,900)

Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

$

44,535

$

(4,025)

$

(31,882)

$

(31,419)

$

(43,978)

$

(66,769)

$

$

(66,769)

$

175,944

$

10,363

$

(2,200)

$

20,154

$

(52,427)

$

151,834

$

$

151,834

5257

Table of Contents 

The table below presents our results of operations for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 by business segment (amounts in thousands):

Commercial and

Commercial and

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Securitization

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Securitization

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Subtotal

VIEs

Total

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Subtotal

VIEs

Total

Revenues:

Interest income from loans

$

154,595

$

26,915

$

$

1,906

$

$

183,416

$

$

183,416

$

145,290

$

22,763

$

$

3,977

$

$

172,030

$

$

172,030

Interest income from investment securities

 

19,908

885

 

 

24,293

 

45,086

 

(27,454)

 

17,632

 

18,163

810

 

 

32,556

 

51,529

 

(34,853)

 

16,676

Servicing fees

 

123

 

 

27,243

 

27,366

 

(2,933)

 

24,433

 

97

 

 

18,243

 

18,340

 

(4,007)

 

14,333

Rental income

70,521

13,312

 

83,833

 

 

83,833

72,251

12,403

 

84,654

 

 

84,654

Other revenues

 

204

686

 

78

 

196

20

 

1,184

 

(18)

 

1,166

 

258

39

 

125

 

218

 

640

 

(3)

 

637

Total revenues

 

174,830

28,486

 

70,599

 

66,950

 

20

 

340,885

 

(30,405)

 

310,480

 

163,808

23,612

 

72,376

 

67,397

 

 

327,193

 

(38,863)

 

288,330

Costs and expenses:

Management fees

 

411

 

 

18

 

22,988

 

23,417

 

49

 

23,466

 

363

 

 

18

 

29,829

 

30,210

 

28

 

30,238

Interest expense

 

61,604

18,577

 

18,990

 

7,746

27,915

 

134,832

 

(160)

 

134,672

 

51,844

14,422

 

19,020

 

8,891

29,142

 

123,319

 

(163)

 

123,156

General and administrative

 

6,768

4,479

 

1,518

 

18,851

3,226

 

34,842

 

88

 

34,930

 

7,104

4,315

 

2,170

 

22,915

3,184

 

39,688

 

78

 

39,766

Acquisition and investment pursuit costs

 

249

16

 

 

77

 

342

 

 

342

 

506

21

 

 

(364)

 

163

 

 

163

Costs of rental operations

19

22,937

6,695

 

29,651

 

 

29,651

765

24,784

6,019

 

31,568

 

 

31,568

Depreciation and amortization

 

71

 

23,896

 

5,287

 

29,254

 

 

29,254

 

339

15

 

23,106

 

4,809

 

28,269

 

 

28,269

Credit loss provision, net

 

(11)

774

 

 

 

763

 

 

763

Credit loss reversal, net

 

(39)

 

 

 

(39)

 

 

(39)

Other expense

 

77

 

134

 

 

211

 

 

211

 

77

 

46

 

 

123

 

 

123

Total costs and expenses

 

69,188

23,846

 

67,475

 

38,674

54,129

 

253,312

 

(23)

 

253,289

 

60,959

18,773

 

69,126

 

42,288

62,155

 

253,301

 

(57)

 

253,244

Other income (loss):

Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs

 

 

 

 

 

 

47,836

 

47,836

 

 

 

 

 

 

61,767

 

61,767

Change in fair value of servicing rights

 

 

 

(515)

 

(515)

 

(252)

 

(767)

 

 

 

57

 

57

 

(682)

 

(625)

Change in fair value of investment securities, net

 

(1,694)

 

 

18,140

 

16,446

 

(16,384)

 

62

 

(303)

 

 

22,476

 

22,173

 

(21,907)

 

266

Change in fair value of mortgage loans, net

 

1,386

 

 

9,880

 

11,266

 

 

11,266

 

10,088

 

 

22,433

 

32,521

 

 

32,521

Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities

 

577

 

(43,805)

 

594

 

(42,634)

 

(566)

 

(43,200)

Gain on sale of investments and other assets, net

 

2,755

790

 

 

940

 

4,485

 

 

4,485

(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments, net

 

(9,297)

(395)

 

1,290

 

(3,432)

9,627

 

(2,207)

 

 

(2,207)

Foreign currency gain (loss), net

 

5,239

300

 

9

 

(1)

 

5,547

 

 

5,547

(Loss) gain on extinguishment of debt

(3,304)

6

(3,298)

(3,298)

Earnings from unconsolidated entities

 

2,507

 

223

 

253

 

2,983

 

(236)

 

2,747

Gain (loss) on sale of investments and other assets, net

 

482

(25)

 

 

20,700

 

21,157

 

 

21,157

Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments, net

 

15,729

(109)

 

5,900

 

(6,376)

6,789

 

21,933

 

 

21,933

Foreign currency loss, net

 

(15,337)

(319)

 

(8)

 

 

(15,664)

 

 

(15,664)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

(857)

(2,101)

(194)

(1,472)

(4,624)

(4,624)

Other loss, net

 

 

 

(73)

 

(73)

 

 

(73)

 

(50)

 

 

 

(50)

 

 

(50)

Total other income (loss)

 

(1,034)

(2,609)

 

(42,506)

 

25,606

9,560

 

(10,983)

 

30,634

 

19,651

 

12,309

(2,604)

 

6,115

 

59,349

5,317

 

80,486

 

38,942

 

119,428

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

104,608

2,031

 

(39,382)

 

53,882

(44,549)

76,590

 

252

 

76,842

 

115,158

2,235

 

9,365

 

84,458

(56,838)

154,378

 

136

 

154,514

Income tax benefit (provision)

 

248

85

(258)

 

(409)

 

(334)

 

 

(334)

Income tax (provision) benefit

 

(3,194)

475

 

(1,794)

 

(4,513)

 

 

(4,513)

Net income (loss)

 

104,856

2,116

 

(39,640)

 

53,473

(44,549)

 

76,256

 

252

 

76,508

 

111,964

2,710

 

9,365

 

82,664

(56,838)

 

149,865

 

136

 

150,001

Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(371)

 

(5,717)

 

215

 

(5,873)

 

(252)

 

(6,125)

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

 

(5,250)

 

(4,219)

 

(9,469)

 

(136)

 

(9,605)

Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

$

104,485

$

2,116

$

(45,357)

$

53,688

$

(44,549)

$

70,383

$

$

70,383

$

111,964

$

2,710

$

4,115

$

78,445

$

(56,838)

$

140,396

$

$

140,396

5358

Table of Contents

The table below presents our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 by business segment (amounts in thousands):

Commercial and

    

Residential

    

Infrastructure

    

    

Investing

    

    

    

    

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Securitization

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Subtotal

VIEs

Total

Revenues:

Interest income from loans

$

492,489

$

59,374

$

$

6,071

$

$

557,934

$

$

557,934

Interest income from investment securities

 

57,358

 

2,019

 

 

73,311

 

132,688

 

(90,618)

 

42,070

Servicing fees

 

424

 

 

 

28,782

 

29,206

 

(8,207)

 

20,999

Rental income

2,782

191,452

28,600

222,834

222,834

Other revenues

 

298

 

344

 

228

 

891

 

1,761

 

(5)

 

1,756

Total revenues

 

553,351

 

61,737

 

191,680

 

137,655

 

 

944,423

 

(98,830)

 

845,593

Costs and expenses:

Management fees

 

987

 

 

 

680

 

85,257

 

86,924

 

46

 

86,970

Interest expense

 

134,243

 

31,709

 

49,243

 

18,796

83,670

 

317,661

 

(162)

 

317,499

General and administrative

 

29,230

 

12,328

 

3,453

 

54,490

11,105

 

110,606

 

251

 

110,857

Acquisition and investment pursuit costs

 

2,195

 

1,179

 

12

 

(3)

 

3,383

 

 

3,383

Costs of rental operations

2,409

71,857

13,102

87,368

87,368

Depreciation and amortization

 

1,275

 

246

 

57,571

 

11,890

 

70,982

 

 

70,982

Credit loss provision, net

 

52,293

 

2,991

 

 

 

55,284

 

 

55,284

Other expense

 

230

 

 

432

 

 

662

 

 

662

Total costs and expenses

 

222,862

 

48,453

 

182,568

 

98,955

180,032

 

732,870

 

135

 

733,005

Other income (loss):

Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

64,353

 

64,353

Change in fair value of servicing rights

 

 

 

 

9,606

 

9,606

 

(11,934)

 

(2,328)

Change in fair value of investment securities, net

 

(8,814)

 

 

 

(36,026)

 

(44,840)

 

47,972

 

3,132

Change in fair value of mortgage loans, net

 

56,895

 

 

 

22,805

 

79,700

 

 

79,700

Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities

 

3,975

 

(1,198)

 

 

30,504

 

33,281

 

(1,216)

 

32,065

(Loss) gain on sale of investments and other assets, net

 

(961)

 

296

 

 

7,433

 

6,768

 

 

6,768

(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments, net

 

(9,508)

 

(1,328)

 

(35,150)

 

(22,896)

34,397

 

(34,485)

 

 

(34,485)

Foreign currency (loss) gain, net

 

(1,757)

 

(53)

 

(53)

 

2

 

(1,861)

 

 

(1,861)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

(22)

(170)

(2,185)

(2,377)

(2,377)

Other income, net

 

 

 

240

 

447

 

687

 

 

687

Total other income (loss)

 

39,808

 

(2,453)

 

(37,148)

 

11,875

34,397

 

46,479

 

99,175

 

145,654

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

370,297

 

10,831

 

(28,036)

 

50,575

(145,635)

 

258,032

 

210

 

258,242

Income tax (provision) benefit

 

(15,535)

 

3

 

 

8,716

 

(6,816)

 

 

(6,816)

Net income (loss)

 

354,762

 

10,834

 

(28,036)

 

59,291

(145,635)

 

251,216

 

210

 

251,426

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(10)

 

 

(15,294)

 

(11,191)

 

(26,495)

 

(210)

 

(26,705)

Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

$

354,752

$

10,834

$

(43,330)

$

48,100

$

(145,635)

$

224,721

$

$

224,721

59

Table of Contents

The table below presents our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 by business segment (amounts in thousands):

Commercial and

    

Residential

    

Infrastructure

    

    

Investing

    

    

    

    

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Securitization

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Subtotal

VIEs

Total

Revenues:

Interest income from loans

$

462,956

$

74,969

$

$

8,987

$

$

546,912

$

$

546,912

Interest income from investment securities

 

62,438

2,563

 

 

88,012

 

153,013

 

(96,160)

 

56,853

Servicing fees

 

310

 

 

61,366

 

61,676

 

(13,902)

 

47,774

Rental income

 

215,098

40,686

 

255,784

 

 

255,784

Other revenues

 

714

732

 

291

 

929

26

 

2,692

 

(24)

 

2,668

Total revenues

 

526,418

78,264

 

215,389

 

199,980

 

26

 

1,020,077

 

(110,086)

 

909,991

Costs and expenses:

Management fees

 

1,127

 

 

54

 

74,924

 

76,105

 

122

 

76,227

Interest expense

 

172,012

49,257

 

57,142

 

25,152

84,878

 

388,441

 

(487)

 

387,954

General and administrative

 

20,626

13,624

 

5,394

 

61,943

10,429

 

112,016

 

258

 

112,274

Acquisition and investment pursuit costs

 

915

51

 

 

(387)

 

579

 

 

579

Costs of rental operations

1,525

70,846

19,503

 

91,874

 

 

91,874

Depreciation and amortization

 

695

15

 

70,078

 

15,287

 

86,075

 

 

86,075

Credit loss provision, net

 

2,046

1,196

 

 

 

3,242

 

 

3,242

Other expense

 

230

 

1,353

 

194

 

1,777

 

 

1,777

Total costs and expenses

 

199,176

64,143

 

204,813

 

121,746

170,231

 

760,109

 

(107)

 

760,002

Other income (loss):

Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs

 

 

 

 

 

 

164,761

 

164,761

Change in fair value of servicing rights

 

 

 

(1,617)

 

(1,617)

 

(691)

 

(2,308)

Change in fair value of investment securities, net

 

(2,945)

 

 

56,431

 

53,486

 

(52,491)

 

995

Change in fair value of mortgage loans, net

 

16,837

 

 

48,841

 

65,678

 

 

65,678

Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities

 

8,576

 

(42,538)

 

3,601

 

(30,361)

 

(1,275)

 

(31,636)

Gain on sale of investments and other assets, net

 

3,476

3,041

 

 

21,640

 

28,157

 

 

28,157

Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments, net

 

12,024

(3,337)

 

(3,957)

 

(16,761)

31,725

 

19,694

 

 

19,694

Foreign currency loss, net

 

(17,025)

(102)

 

(7)

 

 

(17,134)

 

 

(17,134)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

(857)

(8,221)

(194)

(1,466)

(10,738)

(10,738)

Other loss, net

 

(50)

 

 

(73)

 

(123)

 

 

(123)

Total other income (loss)

 

20,086

(8,669)

 

(46,502)

 

111,941

30,186

 

107,042

 

110,304

 

217,346

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

347,328

5,452

 

(35,926)

 

190,175

(140,019)

 

367,010

 

325

 

367,335

Income tax (provision) benefit

 

(4,778)

746

(258)

 

(4,090)

 

(8,380)

 

 

(8,380)

Net income (loss)

 

342,550

6,198

 

(36,184)

 

186,085

(140,019)

 

358,630

 

325

 

358,955

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(392)

 

(16,322)

 

(4,121)

 

(20,835)

 

(325)

 

(21,160)

Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

$

342,158

$

6,198

$

(52,506)

$

181,964

$

(140,019)

$

337,795

$

$

337,795

60

Table of Contents 

The table below presents our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31,September 30, 2020 by business segment (amounts in thousands):

Commercial and

Commercial and

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Securitization

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Securitization

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Subtotal

VIEs

Total

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Subtotal

VIEs

Total

Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

$

22,910

$

40

$

28,137

$

36,913

$

719,222

$

807,222

$

4,434

$

811,656

$

19,111

$

994

$

38,119

$

22,054

$

298,844

$

379,122

$

748

$

379,870

Restricted cash

 

50,331

 

43,679

 

7,362

 

18,365

 

 

119,737

 

 

119,737

 

69,351

 

31,515

 

7,632

 

22,838

 

 

131,336

 

 

131,336

Loans held-for-investment, net

 

9,106,441

 

1,381,271

 

 

1,224

 

 

10,488,936

 

 

10,488,936

 

9,373,503

 

1,544,068

 

 

1,081

 

 

10,918,652

 

 

10,918,652

Loans held-for-sale

 

886,076

 

101,895

 

 

186,963

 

 

1,174,934

 

 

1,174,934

 

747,654

 

 

 

265,019

 

 

1,012,673

 

 

1,012,673

Investment securities

 

955,614

 

44,141

 

 

1,095,990

 

 

2,095,745

 

(1,317,773)

 

777,972

 

1,152,362

 

39,813

 

 

1,097,322

 

 

2,289,497

 

(1,544,384)

 

745,113

Properties, net

26,585

2,014,007

212,478

2,253,070

2,253,070

27,123

1,983,124

197,575

2,207,822

2,207,822

Intangible assets

 

 

 

45,331

 

63,632

 

 

108,963

 

(26,958)

 

82,005

 

 

 

41,946

 

70,374

 

 

112,320

 

(38,181)

 

74,139

Investment in unconsolidated entities

 

50,017

 

25,862

 

 

31,321

 

 

107,200

 

(19,866)

 

87,334

 

50,850

 

24,664

 

 

45,236

 

 

120,750

 

(16,366)

 

104,384

Goodwill

 

 

119,409

 

 

140,437

 

 

259,846

 

 

259,846

 

 

119,409

 

 

140,437

 

 

259,846

 

 

259,846

Derivative assets

 

57,238

 

6

 

98

 

2,250

 

41,856

 

101,448

 

 

101,448

 

25,805

 

 

54

 

1,250

 

37,716

 

64,825

 

 

64,825

Accrued interest receivable

 

49,942

 

4,949

 

 

1,047

 

3,357

 

59,295

 

(758)

 

58,537

 

72,344

 

3,244

 

 

334

 

3,484

 

79,406

 

(1,376)

 

78,030

Other assets

 

61,109

 

5,108

 

76,776

 

52,119

 

8,812

 

203,924

 

(15)

 

203,909

 

24,705

 

4,216

 

70,369

 

52,352

 

11,829

 

163,471

 

3

 

163,474

VIE assets, at fair value

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

61,157,805

 

61,157,805

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

64,477,475

 

64,477,475

Total Assets

$

11,266,263

$

1,726,360

$

2,171,711

$

1,842,739

$

773,247

$

17,780,320

$

59,796,869

$

77,577,189

$

11,562,808

$

1,767,923

$

2,141,244

$

1,915,872

$

351,873

$

17,739,720

$

62,877,919

$

80,617,639

Liabilities and Equity

Liabilities:

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

$

33,645

$

11,933

$

48,748

$

48,090

$

79,178

$

221,594

$

75

$

221,669

$

36,378

$

8,545

$

49,758

$

35,796

$

70,956

$

201,433

$

58

$

201,491

Related-party payable

 

 

 

 

5

 

39,261

 

39,266

 

 

39,266

 

 

 

 

5

 

22,091

 

22,096

 

 

22,096

Dividends payable

 

 

 

 

 

137,529

 

137,529

 

 

137,529

 

 

 

 

 

138,264

 

138,264

 

 

138,264

Derivative liabilities

 

3,740

 

1,292

 

 

86

 

 

5,118

 

 

5,118

 

8,839

 

1,516

 

 

3,097

 

 

13,452

 

 

13,452

Secured financing agreements, net

 

5,611,239

 

1,190,995

 

1,698,044

 

692,941

 

510,414

 

9,703,633

 

(13,950)

 

9,689,683

 

5,576,092

 

1,243,001

 

1,793,731

 

614,055

 

389,013

 

9,615,892

 

 

9,615,892

Collateralized loan obligations, net

928,683

 

 

 

928,683

928,683

929,931

 

 

 

929,931

929,931

Unsecured senior notes, net

 

 

 

 

 

1,930,584

 

1,930,584

 

 

1,930,584

 

 

 

 

 

1,934,555

 

1,934,555

 

 

1,934,555

VIE liabilities, at fair value

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

59,807,306

 

59,807,306

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

62,876,265

 

62,876,265

Total Liabilities

 

6,577,307

 

1,204,220

 

1,746,792

 

741,122

 

2,696,966

 

12,966,407

 

59,793,431

 

72,759,838

 

6,551,240

 

1,253,062

 

1,843,489

 

652,953

 

2,554,879

 

12,855,623

 

62,876,323

 

75,731,946

Equity:

Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity:

Common stock

 

 

 

 

 

2,894

 

2,894

 

 

2,894

 

 

 

 

 

2,918

 

2,918

 

 

2,918

Additional paid-in capital

 

1,159,771

 

531,986

 

229,223

 

(200,489)

 

3,438,578

 

5,159,069

 

 

5,159,069

 

1,165,764

 

509,848

 

115,246

 

(124,805)

 

3,534,663

 

5,200,716

 

 

5,200,716

Treasury stock

 

 

 

 

 

(133,024)

 

(133,024)

 

 

(133,024)

 

 

 

 

 

(133,024)

 

(133,024)

 

 

(133,024)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

 

35,948

 

 

 

(64)

 

 

35,884

 

 

35,884

 

42,350

 

 

 

(65)

 

 

42,285

 

 

42,285

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)

 

3,493,119

 

(9,846)

 

(31,451)

 

1,163,580

 

(5,232,167)

 

(616,765)

 

 

(616,765)

 

3,803,336

 

5,013

 

(42,898)

 

1,243,098

 

(5,607,563)

 

(599,014)

 

 

(599,014)

Total Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity

 

4,688,838

 

522,140

 

197,772

 

963,027

 

(1,923,719)

 

4,448,058

 

 

4,448,058

 

5,011,450

 

514,861

 

72,348

 

1,118,228

 

(2,203,006)

 

4,513,881

 

 

4,513,881

Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

 

118

 

 

227,147

 

138,590

 

 

365,855

 

3,438

 

369,293

 

118

 

 

225,407

 

144,691

 

 

370,216

 

1,596

 

371,812

Total Equity

 

4,688,956

 

522,140

 

424,919

 

1,101,617

 

(1,923,719)

 

4,813,913

 

3,438

 

4,817,351

 

5,011,568

 

514,861

 

297,755

 

1,262,919

 

(2,203,006)

 

4,884,097

 

1,596

 

4,885,693

Total Liabilities and Equity

$

11,266,263

$

1,726,360

$

2,171,711

$

1,842,739

$

773,247

$

17,780,320

$

59,796,869

$

77,577,189

$

11,562,808

$

1,767,923

$

2,141,244

$

1,915,872

$

351,873

$

17,739,720

$

62,877,919

$

80,617,639

5461

Table of Contents 

The table below presents our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 by business segment (amounts in thousands):

Commercial and

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

    

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Securitization

    

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Subtotal

VIEs

Total

Assets:

    

    

    

    

    

    

Cash and cash equivalents

    

$

26,278

    

$

2,209

$

30,123

    

$

61,693

    

$

356,864

    

$

477,167

    

$

1,221

    

$

478,388

Restricted cash

 

36,135

41,967

 

7,171

 

10,370

 

 

95,643

 

 

95,643

Loans held-for-investment, net

 

9,187,332

1,397,448

 

 

1,294

 

 

10,586,074

 

 

10,586,074

Loans held-for-sale

 

605,384

119,528

 

 

159,238

 

 

884,150

 

 

884,150

Investment securities

 

992,974

45,153

 

 

1,177,148

 

 

2,215,275

 

(1,405,037)

 

810,238

Properties, net

26,834

2,029,024

210,582

 

2,266,440

 

 

2,266,440

Intangible assets

 

 

47,303

 

64,644

 

 

111,947

 

(26,247)

 

85,700

Investment in unconsolidated entities

 

46,921

25,862

 

 

32,183

 

 

104,966

 

(20,637)

 

84,329

Goodwill

 

119,409

 

 

140,437

 

 

259,846

 

 

259,846

Derivative assets

 

14,718

7

 

3

 

7

 

14,208

 

28,943

 

 

28,943

Accrued interest receivable

 

45,996

3,134

 

133

 

2,388

 

13,242

 

64,893

 

(806)

 

64,087

Other assets

 

59,170

6,101

 

82,910

 

54,238

 

8,911

 

211,330

 

(7)

 

211,323

VIE assets, at fair value

 

 

 

 

 

 

62,187,175

 

62,187,175

Total Assets

$

11,041,742

$

1,760,818

$

2,196,667

$

1,914,222

$

393,225

$

17,306,674

$

60,735,662

$

78,042,336

Liabilities and Equity

Liabilities:

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

$

30,594

$

6,443

$

48,370

$

73,021

$

53,494

$

211,922

$

84

$

212,006

Related-party payable

 

 

 

5

 

40,920

 

40,925

 

 

40,925

Dividends payable

 

 

 

 

137,427

 

137,427

 

 

137,427

Derivative liabilities

 

7,698

750

 

 

292

 

 

8,740

 

 

8,740

Secured financing agreements, net

 

5,038,876

1,217,066

 

1,698,334

 

574,507

 

391,215

 

8,919,998

 

(13,950)

 

8,906,048

Collateralized loan obligations, net

928,060

 

 

 

 

928,060

 

 

928,060

Unsecured senior notes, net

 

 

 

 

1,928,622

 

1,928,622

 

 

1,928,622

VIE liabilities, at fair value

 

 

 

 

 

 

60,743,494

 

60,743,494

Total Liabilities

 

6,005,228

1,224,259

 

1,746,704

 

647,825

 

2,551,678

 

12,175,694

 

60,729,628

 

72,905,322

Equity:

Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity:

Common stock

 

 

 

 

2,874

 

2,874

 

 

2,874

Additional paid-in capital

 

1,522,360

529,668

 

208,650

 

(123,210)

 

2,995,064

 

5,132,532

 

 

5,132,532

Treasury stock

 

 

 

 

(104,194)

 

(104,194)

 

 

(104,194)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

 

50,996

 

 

(64)

 

 

50,932

 

 

50,932

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)

 

3,463,158

6,891

 

5,431

 

1,194,998

 

(5,052,197)

 

(381,719)

 

 

(381,719)

Total Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity

 

5,036,514

536,559

 

214,081

 

1,071,724

 

(2,158,453)

 

4,700,425

 

 

4,700,425

Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

 

 

235,882

 

194,673

 

 

430,555

 

6,034

 

436,589

Total Equity

 

5,036,514

536,559

 

449,963

 

1,266,397

 

(2,158,453)

 

5,130,980

 

6,034

 

5,137,014

Total Liabilities and Equity

$

11,041,742

$

1,760,818

$

2,196,667

$

1,914,222

$

393,225

$

17,306,674

$

60,735,662

$

78,042,336

5562

Table of Contents 

23. Subsequent Events

Our significant events subsequent to March 31,September 30, 2020 were as follows:

Base Management FeeUnsecured Senior Notes

In AprilOctober 2020, we issued conditional notices of redemption for our board$500.0 million senior notes due February 2021.  On November 2, 2020, $250.0 million principal amount of directors authorizedsuch notes was redeemed and the paymentremaining $250 million is subject to redemption on November 18, 2020.

In November 2020, we issued $300.0 million of 5.50% Senior Notes due 2023 which mature on November 1, 2023.

Secured Financing Agreements

In October 2020, we amended a Term Loan facility to increase borrowings by $250.0 million to $646.0 million. The Term Loan increase carries a six-year term and an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 3.50%. The proceeds were used to redeem a portion of our base management fee in shares$500.0 million senior notes due February 2021.

In October 2020, we entered into a Residential repurchase facility to finance residential loans. The facility carries a rolling 18-month term which may reset annually with the lender’s consent and an annual interest rate of common stock. As discussed in Note 15, our base management fee totaled $19.1one-month LIBOR + 2.30%. The maximum facility size is $350.0 million.

Commercial Mortgage Loan Securitization

In October 2020, we received proceeds of $253.0 million forfrom the three months ended March 31, 2020.securitization of $231.8 million of commercial loans.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” should be read in conjunction with the information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (our “Form 10-K”). This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. See also “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a detailed discussion of the potential impacts on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders from the COVID-19 pandemic of the novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19).

Overview

Starwood Property Trust, Inc. (“STWD” and, together with its subsidiaries, “we” or the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation that commenced operations in August 2009, upon the completion of our initial public offering. We are focused primarily on originating, acquiring, financing and managing mortgage loans and other real estate investments in both the United States (“U.S.”) and Europe. As market conditions change over time, we may adjust our strategy to take advantage of changes in interest rates and credit spreads as well as economic and credit conditions.

We have four reportable business segments as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and we refer to the investments within these segments as our target assets:

Real estate commercial and residential lending (the “Commercial and Residential Lending Segment”)—engages primarily in originating, acquiring, financing and managing commercial andfirst mortgages, non-agency residential first mortgages (“residential loans”), subordinated mortgages, mezzanine loans, preferred equity, commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) and other real estate and real estate-related debt investments in both the U.S. and Europe (including distressed or non-performing loans). Our residential mortgage loans are secured by a first mortgage lien on residential property and consist of non-agency residential mortgage loans that are not guaranteed by any U.S. Government agency or federally chartered corporation.

Infrastructure lending (the “Infrastructure Lending Segment”)—engages primarily in originating, acquiring, financing and managing infrastructure debt investments.

Real estate property (the “Property Segment”)—engages primarily in acquiring and managing equity interests in stabilized commercial real estate properties, including multifamily properties and commercial properties subject to net leases, that are held for investment.

Real estate investing and servicing (the “Investing and Servicing Segment”)—includes (i) a servicing business in the U.S. that manages and works out problem assets, (ii) an investment business that selectively acquires and manages unrated, investment grade and non-investment grade rated CMBS, including subordinated interests of securitization and resecuritization transactions, (iii) a mortgage loan business which originates conduit loans for the primary purpose of selling these loans into securitization transactions and (iv) an investment business that selectively acquires commercial real estate assets, including properties acquired from CMBS trusts.

Our segments exclude the consolidation of securitization variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

Refer to Note 1 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein (the “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”) for further discussion of our business and organization.

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COVID-19 Pandemic

During the first quarter of 2020, there was a global outbreak of a novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, which has spread to over 200 countries and territories, including the United States, and has spread to every state in the United States. TheStates, and is continuing to spread. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization has designateddeclared COVID-19 as a pandemic, and since then, numerous countries, including the United States,U.S., have declared national emergencies with respect to COVID-19. The global impact of the outbreak has been rapidly evolving,COVID-19 and as cases of COVID-19 have continuedinstituted “stay-at-home” guidelines or orders to be identified in additional countries, many countries have reacted by instituting quarantines and restrictions on travel, closing financial markets and/or restricting trading, and limiting operations of non-essential offices and retail centers. help prevent its spread. Such actions are creating disruptiondisruptions in global supply chains, increasing rates of unemployment and adversely impacting many industries. The outbreak could have a continued adverse impact on economic and market conditions and trigger a period of global economic slowdown.

The outbreak of COVID-19 and its impact on the current financial, economic and capital markets environment, and future developments in these and other areas, present uncertainty and risk with respect to our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and ability to pay distributions. We expect that these impacts are likely to continue to some extent as the outbreak persists and potentially even longer. The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the ultimate adverse impact of COVID-19 on economic and market conditions, and, as a result, present material uncertainty and risk with respect to us and the performance of our investments. The full extent of the impact and effects of COVID-19 will depend on future developments, including, among other factors, the duration and spread of the outbreak, along with related travel advisories, quarantines and restrictions, the recovery time of the disrupted supply chains and industries, the impact of labor market interruptions, the impact of government interventions, and uncertainty with respect to the duration of the global economic slowdown.

Further discussion of the potential impacts on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders from the COVID-19 pandemic is provided in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Asset Performance and Collections

We maintain an in-house team of asset management professionals who oversee our commercial loans and are in regular communication with these borrowers. We have utilized these relationships to address the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic to the assets which secure our loans, particularly hospitality assets. Some of our borrowers have indicated that due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, they will be unable to timely execute their business plans, have had to temporarily close their businesses, or have experienced other negative business consequences which have led to cash flow pressures at the underlying properties. In some cases, these borrowers have requested temporary interest deferral or forbearance, or other modifications of their loans.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we closed 12 payment related loan modifications, representing an aggregate principal balance of $1.3 billion and $10.6 million of interest deferrals for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. These loan modifications principally included temporary deferrals of interest and the repurposing of reserves, many of which were coupled with additional equity commitments from sponsors. We are generally encouraged by our borrowers’ initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impacts on their properties. While we believe the principal amounts of our loans are generally adequately protected by underlying collateral value, there is a risk that we will not realize the entire principal value of certain investments.

Within residential lending, we continue to monitor the impact of forbearance arrangements granted by our master servicer for loans which have been securitized. In securitized transactions with advancing arrangements, the master servicer has advanced 100% of all unpaid principal and interest.

In our property segment, we collected 96% of rents due in the three months ended September 30, 2020. Collections were particularly strong in our Woodstar I and Woodstar II affordable housing portfolios, where 97% of rent due was collected. Given current demographic trends, which tend to favor flexible rental arrangements, we continue to see sustained demand in multifamily and decreased turnover.

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In our infrastructure segment, we collected 100% of interest due in the three months ended September 30, 2020. We did not grant any payment related loan modifications during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.  Management considered the general economic decline and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, but did not identify any such event or circumstances.  However, future changes in the expectations of the impact of COVID-19 on our operations, financial performance and cash flows could cause our goodwill to be impaired.

Developments During the FirstThird Quarter of 2020

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

Originated or acquired $853.4$440.7 million of commercial loans during the quarter, including the following:

o£180.1 million ($238.1 million) first mortgage loan on a portfolio of 27 student housing properties located in the United Kingdom, of which the Company funded $235.0 million.

o€50.0 million ($59.3 million) first mortgage loan on a portfolio of 139 industrial assets located in the Netherlands and France, which the Company fully funded.

o$42.7 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan on a four-acre industrially zoned land parcel located in New York, of which the Company funded $32.8 million.

oAcquired a $94.0 million first mortgage on a loan we originated in 2019 on a 310-key New York hotel, in which we originally retained the $36.0 million mezzanine position; in connection with this acquisition, our mezzanine loan was repaid and our basis per key was reduced by 25%.

Funded $228.6 million of previously originated commercial loan and preferred equity commitments.

Received gross proceeds of $334.8 million ($110.2 million, net of debt repayments) from maturities and principal repayments on our commercial loans and single-borrower CMBS.

Acquired $786.6 million of residential mortgage loans.

Received proceeds of $499.3 million, including retained RMBS of $43.1 million, from the securitization of $478.9 million of residential mortgage loans.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

Acquired $25.0 million of infrastructure loans and funded $44.2 million of pre-existing infrastructure loan commitments.

Received proceeds of $28.1 million from principal repayments on our infrastructure loans and bonds.

Investing and Servicing Segment

Originated commercial conduit loans of $226.6 million. Separately, received proceeds of $157.5 million from sales of previously originated commercial conduit loans.

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Developments During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

Originated or acquired $1.5 billion of commercial loans during the period, including the following:

o£180.1 million ($238.1 million) first mortgage loan on a portfolio of 27 student housing properties located in the United Kingdom, of which the Company funded $235.0 million.
o$220.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan on a 41-property extended stay portfolio located across the U.S, of which the Company funded $205.0 million.

o$197.2 million first mortgage loan to refinance the existing leasehold debt and provide acquisition financing for the fee interest in an 878,843 square-foot, six building office park located in California, of which the Company funded $193.2 million.

o$150.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan to refinance 13 newly constructed self-storage facilities located across the U.S., of which the Company funded $128.5 million.

o$119.5 million first mortgage loan to refinance a 54-story oceanfront residential building located in Florida, of which the Company funded $101.0 million.

Received gross proceeds of $224.5 million and $172.1 million ($37.7 million and $172.1 million, net of debt repayments) from sales of senior interests in first mortgage loans and whole loan interests, respectively.
Funded $349.6$793.0 million of previously originated commercial loan and preferred equity commitments.

Received gross proceeds of $703.0$1.2 billion ($571.1 million, (net proceedsnet of $390.0 million)debt repayments) from maturities and principal repayments on our commercial loans and single-borrower CMBS and preferred equity interests.CMBS.

Acquired $386.1 million$1.3 billion of residential mortgage loans.

Received proceeds of $398.7 million,$1.5 billion, including retained RMBS of $29.3$257.8 million, from the securitization of $381.3 million$1.4 billion of residential mortgage loans.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

Acquired $40.2 million of infrastructure loans and funded $143.2 million of pre-existing infrastructure loan commitments.

Received proceeds of $38.4 million from sales of infrastructure loans and $39.7$103.6 million from maturities and principal repayments on our infrastructure loans and bonds.

Property Segment

Acquired $15.2Refinanced our Woodstar I Portfolio by entering into mortgage loans with total borrowings of $217.1 million. The loans carry ten-year terms and weighted average annual interest rates of LIBOR + 2.71%. A portion of the net proceeds from the mortgage loans was used to repay $117.0 million of infrastructure loans and funded $48.5 million of pre-existing infrastructure loan commitments.outstanding government sponsored mortgage loans.

Investing and Servicing Segment

Originated commercial conduit loans of $360.8$593.3 million. Separately, received proceeds of $352.4$509.9 million from sales of previously originated commercial conduit loans.

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Obtained fivenine new special servicing assignments for CMBS trusts with a total unpaid principal balance of $4.2$7.8 billion.

Acquired CMBS for a purchase price of $7.7 million and sold CMBS for total gross proceeds of $32.3 million, of which $10.9 million related to non-controlling interests.

Sold a portion of our equity interest in a servicing and advisory business and recognized a gain of $10.3 million. We further increased the value of our remaining investment to reflect the fair value as of that date based on the sales price of the interest sold and recognized a gain of $17.6 million.

Sold commercial real estate for gross proceeds of $24.1 million and recognized a gain of $7.4 million.

Corporate Financing

Repurchased 1,925,421 shares of common stock with a weighted average repurchase price of $14.95 per share for a total cost of $28.8 million.

Subsequent Events

Refer to Note 23 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure regarding significant transactions that occurred subsequent to March 31,September 30, 2020.

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Results of Operations

The discussion below is based on accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and therefore reflects the elimination of certain key financial statement line items related to the consolidation of securitization variable interest entities (“VIEs”), particularly within revenues and other income, as discussed in Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For a discussion of our results of operations excluding the impact of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810 as it relates to the consolidation of securitization VIEs, refer to the section captioned “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.

The following table compares our summarized results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019 by business segment (amounts in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended

March 31,

 

2020

    

2019

$ Change

Revenues:

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

$

211,437

$

174,830

$

36,607

Infrastructure Lending Segment

23,257

28,486

(5,229)

Property Segment

64,083

70,599

(6,516)

Investing and Servicing Segment

 

44,495

 

66,950

 

(22,455)

Corporate

 

 

20

 

(20)

Securitization VIE eliminations

 

(30,712)

 

(30,405)

 

(307)

 

312,560

 

310,480

 

2,080

Costs and expenses:

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

 

104,780

 

69,188

 

35,592

Infrastructure Lending Segment

26,079

23,846

2,233

Property Segment

60,662

67,475

(6,813)

Investing and Servicing Segment

 

36,928

 

38,674

 

(1,746)

Corporate

 

73,213

 

54,129

 

19,084

Securitization VIE eliminations

 

(47)

 

(23)

 

(24)

 

301,615

 

253,289

 

48,326

Other (loss) income:

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

 

(66,541)

 

(1,034)

 

(65,507)

Infrastructure Lending Segment

(1,348)

(2,609)

1,261

Property Segment

(30,192)

(42,506)

12,314

Investing and Servicing Segment

 

(45,918)

 

25,606

 

(71,524)

Corporate

29,235

9,560

19,675

Securitization VIE eliminations

 

30,821

 

30,634

 

187

 

(83,943)

 

19,651

 

(103,594)

(Loss) income before income taxes:

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

 

40,116

 

104,608

 

(64,492)

Infrastructure Lending Segment

(4,170)

2,031

(6,201)

Property Segment

(26,771)

(39,382)

12,611

Investing and Servicing Segment

 

(38,351)

 

53,882

 

(92,233)

Corporate

(43,978)

(44,549)

571

Securitization VIE eliminations

 

156

 

252

 

(96)

 

(72,998)

 

76,842

 

(149,840)

Income tax benefit (provision)

 

6,729

 

(334)

 

7,063

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(500)

 

(6,125)

 

5,625

Net (loss) income attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

$

(66,769)

$

70,383

$

(137,152)

For the Three Months Ended

For the Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

    

2020

    

2019

  

$ Change

   

2020

2019

$ Change

Revenues:

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

$

173,547

$

163,808

$

9,739

$

553,351

$

526,418

$

26,933

Infrastructure Lending Segment

18,571

23,612

(5,041)

61,737

78,264

(16,527)

Property Segment

63,973

72,376

(8,403)

191,680

215,389

(23,709)

Investing and Servicing Segment

 

49,070

 

67,397

 

(18,327)

 

137,655

 

199,980

 

(62,325)

Corporate

 

 

 

26

(26)

Securitization VIE eliminations

 

(37,734)

 

(38,863)

 

1,129

 

(98,830)

 

(110,086)

 

11,256

 

267,427

 

288,330

 

(20,903)

 

845,593

 

909,991

 

(64,398)

Costs and expenses:

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

 

53,891

 

60,959

 

(7,068)

 

222,862

 

199,176

 

23,686

Infrastructure Lending Segment

���

8,262

18,773

(10,511)

48,453

64,143

(15,690)

Property Segment

60,801

69,126

(8,325)

182,568

204,813

(22,245)

Investing and Servicing Segment

 

33,035

 

42,288

 

(9,253)

 

98,955

 

121,746

 

(22,791)

Corporate

 

53,072

 

62,155

 

(9,083)

 

180,032

 

170,231

 

9,801

Securitization VIE eliminations

 

97

 

(57)

 

154

 

135

 

(107)

 

242

 

209,158

 

253,244

 

(44,086)

 

733,005

 

760,002

 

(26,997)

Other income (loss):

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

 

72,991

 

12,309

 

60,682

 

39,808

 

20,086

 

19,722

Infrastructure Lending Segment

140

(2,604)

2,744

(2,453)

(8,669)

6,216

Property Segment

(300)

6,115

(6,415)

(37,148)

(46,502)

9,354

Investing and Servicing Segment

 

9,971

 

59,349

 

(49,378)

 

11,875

 

111,941

 

(100,066)

Corporate

645

5,317

(4,672)

34,397

30,186

4,211

Securitization VIE eliminations

 

37,861

 

38,942

 

(1,081)

 

99,175

 

110,304

 

(11,129)

 

121,308

 

119,428

 

1,880

 

145,654

 

217,346

 

(71,692)

Income (loss) before income taxes:

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

 

192,647

 

115,158

 

77,489

 

370,297

 

347,328

 

22,969

Infrastructure Lending Segment

10,449

2,235

8,214

10,831

5,452

5,379

Property Segment

2,872

9,365

(6,493)

(28,036)

(35,926)

7,890

Investing and Servicing Segment

 

26,006

 

84,458

 

(58,452)

 

50,575

 

190,175

 

(139,600)

Corporate

(52,427)

(56,838)

4,411

(145,635)

(140,019)

(5,616)

Securitization VIE eliminations

 

30

 

136

 

(106)

 

210

 

325

 

(115)

 

179,577

 

154,514

 

25,063

 

258,242

 

367,335

 

(109,093)

Income tax provision

 

(14,843)

 

(4,513)

 

(10,330)

 

(6,816)

 

(8,380)

 

1,564

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(12,900)

 

(9,605)

 

(3,295)

 

(26,705)

 

(21,160)

 

(5,545)

Net income attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

$

151,834

$

140,396

$

11,438

$

224,721

$

337,795

$

(113,074)

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Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2019

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

Revenues

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, revenues of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $36.6$9.7 million to $211.4$173.5 million, compared to $174.8$163.8 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to an increaseincreases in interest income from loans of $37.8$4.7 million partially offset by a decrease in interest income fromand investment securities of $1.3$3.2 million. The increase in interest income from loans was principally due to (i) higher prepayment related income and (ii) higher average balances of both commercial and residential loans, partially offset by (iii) lower average LIBOR rates (partially mitigated by the LIBOR floors on most of our commercial loans) and (iv) the compression of interest rate spreads in credit markets.. The decreaseincrease in interest income from investment securities was primarily due to higher average RMBS investment balances, partially offset by lower average investment balances and lower average LIBOR rates.rates affecting interest income from our other investment securities.

Costs and Expenses

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $35.6decreased $7.0 million to $104.8$53.9 million, compared to $69.2$60.9 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. This increasedecrease was primarily due to a $40.2 million increase in credit loss provision, partially offset by a $7.7$13.4 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio. Theportfolio, partially offset by a $5.3 million increase in the credit loss provision was duegeneral and administrative expenses primarily related to the recognition of current expected credit losses (“CECL”) during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 in accordance with the new credit loss accounting standard effective January 1, 2020 (see Notes 2 and 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). The CECL provision in the 2020 first quarter was magnified by the significant deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts between the January 1 CECL effective date and the March 31 quarter end due to the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.residential loan procurement. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates partially offset by higher average borrowings outstanding.

Net Interest Income (amounts in thousands)

For the Three Months Ended

For the Three Months Ended

March 31,

September 30,

    

2020

    

2019

    

Change

    

2020

    

2019

    

Change

Interest income from loans

$

192,381

$

154,595

$

37,786

$

149,972

$

145,290

$

4,682

Interest income from investment securities

 

18,628

 

19,908

 

(1,280)

 

21,385

 

18,163

 

3,222

Interest expense

 

(53,950)

 

(61,604)

 

7,654

 

(38,422)

 

(51,844)

 

13,422

Net interest income

$

157,059

$

112,899

$

44,160

$

132,935

$

111,609

$

21,326

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, net interest income of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $44.2$21.3 million to $157.1$132.9 million, compared to $112.9$111.6 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. This increase reflects the net increaseincreases in interest income explained in the Revenues discussion aboveon both loans and investment securities and the decrease in interest expense on our secured financing facilities, primarily due toboth as discussed in the lower average LIBOR rates partially offset by higher average borrowings outstanding.sections above.

During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average unlevered yields on the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s loans and investment securities were as follows:

For the Three Months Ended

For the Three Months Ended

March 31,

September 30,

2020

2019

2020

2019

Commercial

6.8

%

7.4

%

6.0

%

7.1

%

Residential

6.8

%

6.6

%

7.4

%

6.5

%

Overall

6.8

%

7.3

%

6.2

%

7.0

%

The overall weighted average unlevered yield was lower as higher levels of prepayment related income were more than offset byprimarily due to decreases in LIBOR andaffecting our commercial yields, partially offset by the compression of interest rate spreadsincreased investment in credit markets.higher-yielding RMBS affecting our residential yields.

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During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s weighted average secured borrowing rates, inclusive of interest rate hedging costs and the amortization of deferred financing fees, were 3.5%2.5% and 4.6%4.2%, respectively. The decrease in borrowing rates primarily reflects decreases in LIBOR and the compressionLIBOR.

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Table of interest rate spreads in credit markets.

Contents

Other LossIncome

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, other lossincome of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $65.5$60.7 million to $66.5$73.0 million compared to $1.0$12.3 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to (i) a $39.2$49.3 million unfavorable change in foreign currency gain (loss), (ii) a $36.9 million unfavorable changegreater increase in fair value of residential mortgage loans, (ii) a $40.6 million favorable change in foreign currency gain (loss) and (iii) a $26.2$13.9 million unfavorablefavorable change in fair value of investment securities, all partially offset by (iv) a $40.1$44.3 million favorableunfavorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives. ChangesThe greater increase in fair value areof residential mortgage loans primarily reflects the simultaneous purchase and securitization of $478.9 million of loans in the third quarter of 2020, pursuant to a trade confirmation that we entered into in the second quarter of 2020. The favorable change in investment securities reflects partial recoveries on RMBS of unfavorable changes in the first quarter of 2020 that were attributable to widening credit spreads resulting from market disruption and dislocation caused by the impacts of COVID-19. Those credit spreads began to tighten in the second and third quarters of 2020. The favorableunfavorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives reflects a $57.3$48.4 million favorableunfavorable change in foreign currency hedges, partially offset by a $17.2$4.1 million unfavorable change inlower loss on interest rate swaps. The foreign currency hedges are used to fix the U.S. dollar amounts of cash flows (both interest and principal payments) we expect to receive from our foreign currency denominated loans and investments. The favorableunfavorable change in the foreign currency hedges and the unfavorablefavorable change in foreign currency gain (loss) reflect the overall weakening of the U.S. dollar against the GBP, EUR and Australian Dollar (“AUD”) in the third quarter of 2020 compared to a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the pound sterling (“GBP”)those currencies in the first quarter of 2020 versus an overall weakening of the U.S. dollar in the firstthird quarter of 2019. The interest rate swaps are used primarily to fix our interest rate payments on certain variable rate borrowings which fund fixed rate investments.investments and to hedge our interest rate risk on residential loans held-for-sale.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

Revenues

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, revenues of our Infrastructure Lending Segment decreased $5.2$5.0 million to $23.3$18.6 million, compared to $28.5$23.6 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to decreases in interest income from loans of $4.5$4.9 million and investment securities of $0.2 million. The decrease in interest income from loans was primarily due primarily to lower average loan balances outstanding as a result of sales and repayments. A decrease in average LIBOR rates was substantially offset by an increase in average spreads on our infrastructure loans.rates.

Costs and Expenses

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Infrastructure Lending Segment increased $2.3decreased $10.5 million to $26.1$8.3 million, compared to $23.8$18.8 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. The increasedecrease was primarily due to a $7.7 million increase in credit loss provision, partially offset by a $5.5 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio. The increaseportfolio and a $4.4 million decrease in the credit loss provision was due to the recognition of CECL during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 in accordance with the new credit loss accounting standard effective January 1, 2020. As discussed above, the CECL provision was magnified by the significant deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts due to the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.provision. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to lower average borrowings as a result of loan sales and repayments and aLIBOR rates. The decrease in average LIBOR rates.the credit loss provision was primarily due to the reversal of a portion of the CECL allowance during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 due to improved macroeconomic conditions.

Net Interest Income (amounts in thousands)

For the Three Months Ended

For the Three Months Ended

March 31,

September 30,

    

2020

    

2019

    

Change

    

2020

    

2019

    

Change

Interest income from loans

$

22,413

$

26,915

$

(4,502)

$

17,835

$

22,763

$

(4,928)

Interest income from investment securities

 

701

 

885

 

(184)

 

635

 

810

 

(175)

Interest expense

 

(13,117)

 

(18,577)

 

5,460

 

(8,914)

 

(14,422)

 

5,508

Net interest income

$

9,997

$

9,223

$

774

$

9,556

$

9,151

$

405

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, net interest income of our Infrastructure Lending Segment increased $0.4 million to $9.6 million, compared to $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase reflects the decrease in interest expense on the secured financing facilities, partially offset by the decreases in interest income, both as discussed in the sections above.

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For the three months ended March 31, 2020, net interest income of our Infrastructure Lending Segment increased $0.8 million to $10.0 million, compared to $9.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase reflects the net decrease in interest expense on the secured financing facilities, which was partially offset by the net decrease in interest income explained in the Revenues discussion above.

  During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average unlevered yields on the Infrastructure Lending Segment’s investments were as follows:

For the Three Months Ended

For the Three Months Ended

March 31,

September 30,

2020

2019

2020

2019

Loans and investment securities held-for-investment

6.1

%

6.1

%

4.7

%

6.1

%

Loans held-for-sale

3.6

%

3.6

%

3.5

%

4.2

%

During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Infrastructure Lending Segment’s weighted average secured borrowing rate, inclusive of the amortization of deferred financing fees, was 4.4%2.9% and 5.0%4.7%, respectively.

Other LossIncome (Loss)

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, other lossincome of our Infrastructure Lending Segment decreased $1.3increased $2.7 million to $1.3$0.1 million, compared to a loss of $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. The decreaseimprovement in other lossincome (loss) primarily reflects the non-recurrence of a decreased$2.1 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the third quarter of 2019 resulting from the write-off of deferred financing fees relating to partial debt prepayments from proceeds of loan repayments and sales.

Property Segment

Change in Results by Portfolio (amounts in thousands)

    

$ Change from prior period

    

$ Change from prior period

Costs and

Gain (loss) on derivative

Income (loss) before

Costs and

Gain (loss) on derivative

Income (loss) before

Revenues

    

expenses

    

financial instruments

    

Other income (loss)

    

income taxes

Revenues

    

expenses

    

financial instruments

    

Other income (loss)

    

income taxes

Master Lease Portfolio

$

$

2

$

$

$

(2)

$

8

$

44

$

$

$

(36)

Medical Office Portfolio

29

(2,330)

(24,304)

(21,945)

552

(1,421)

4,066

6,039

Woodstar I Portfolio

1,320

2,180

(860)

(239)

1,296

(226)

(1,761)

Woodstar II Portfolio

1,119

576

543

(125)

(125)

Ireland Portfolio

(8,984)

(7,501)

(7,209)

(9)

(8,701)

(8,599)

(8,001)

(10,053)

7

(10,644)

Investment in unconsolidated entities

 

 

 

 

43,805

 

43,805

 

 

 

 

(223)

 

(223)

Other/Corporate

260

31

(229)

(243)

14

257

Total

$

(6,516)

$

(6,813)

$

(31,513)

$

43,827

$

12,611

$

(8,403)

$

(8,325)

$

(6,213)

$

(202)

$

(6,493)

See Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the above-referenced Property Segment portfolios. The Ireland Portfolio, which was comprised of 11 office properties and one multifamily property all located in Dublin, Ireland, was sold in December 2019.

Revenues

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, revenues of our Property Segment decreased $6.5$8.4 million to $64.1$64.0 million, compared to $70.6$72.4 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenues in the first quarter of 2020 was primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019, partially offset by increased rental income in the Woodstar Portfolios due to rental rate increases effective May 2019.

Costs and Expenses

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Property Segment decreased $6.8$8.3 million to $60.7$60.8 million, compared to $67.5$69.1 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. The decrease in costs and expenses primarily reflects the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019.

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Other LossIncome (Loss)

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, other lossincome of our Property Segment decreased $12.3$6.4 million to $30.2a loss of $0.3 million, compared to $42.5income of $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. The decrease in other lossincome was primarily due to a $43.8 million loss in the 2019 period that did not recur in the 2020 period from our equity investee that owns four regional shopping malls (the “Retail Fund”), which is an investment company that measures its assets at fair value. Our investment in the Retail Fund was written off as of December 31, 2019 due to continued declines in the estimated fair values of its properties. Partially offsetting the effect of the Retail Fund was a $31.5$6.2 million unfavorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives, consisting of (i) the non-recurrence of a $24.3$10.0 million increasedgain in the 2019 third quarter on foreign exchange contracts which hedged our Euro currency exposure with respect to the Ireland Portfolio, partially offset by (ii) a $3.8 million decreased loss on interest rate swaps which primarily hedge the variable interest rate risk on borrowings secured by our Medical Office Portfolio and (ii) the non-recurrence of a $7.2 million gain in the 2019 first quarter on foreign exchange contracts which hedged our Euro currency exposure with respect to the Ireland Portfolio.

Investing and Servicing Segment

Revenues

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, revenues of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $22.5$18.3 million to $44.5$49.1 million, compared to $67.0$67.4 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenues in the firstthird quarter of 2020 was primarily due to decreases of $20.8$11.3 million in interest income from CMBS and conduit loans, $4.5 million in servicing fees and $3.2$2.4 million in rental income from our REIS Equity Portfolio (see Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) due to fewer properties held. The decrease in interest income primarily reflects (i) a $7.4 million decrease in interest recoveries on CMBS and (ii) lower average balances of conduit loans held-for-sale.

Costs and Expenses

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $1.8$9.3 million to $36.9$33.0 million, compared to $38.7$42.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019,September 30, 2019. The decrease in costs and expenses was primarily due to a declinedecreases of $4.1 million in general and administrative expenses reflecting lower incentive compensation, $3.5 million in interest expense on borrowings related to conduit loans and properties held and $2.3 million in costs of rental operations, depreciation and amortization due to fewer properties held.

Other (Loss) Income

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, other (loss) income of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $71.5$49.3 million to a loss of $45.9$10.0 million, compared to income of $25.6$59.3 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. The decrease in other (loss) income was primarily due to (i) the non-recurrence of a $65.4$20.7 million unfavorable changegain on sale of an operating property in the third quarter of 2019, (ii) a $20.4 million lesser increase in fair value of ourconduit loans and (iii) a $19.2 million lesser increase in fair value of CMBS investments, primarily due to widening credit spreads resulting from market disruption and dislocation causedall partially offset by the impacts of COVID-19 and (ii)(iv) a $15.7$6.4 million increased lossfavorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives which primarily hedge our interest rate risk on conduit loans partially offset by (iii)and (v) a $9.5$3.9 million greater increasefavorable change in fair value of conduit loans.servicing rights.

Corporate and Other Items

Corporate Costs and Expenses

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, corporate expenses increased $19.1decreased $9.1 million to $73.2$53.1 million, compared to $54.1$62.2 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. The increasedecrease was primarily due to a $17.1decreases of $7.2 million increase in management fees.fees and $2.1 million in interest expense principally on lower average outstanding balances of our unsecured senior notes.

Corporate Other Income

For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, corporate other income increased $19.6decreased $4.7 million to $29.2$0.6 million, compared to $9.6$5.3 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. The increasedecrease in corporate other income was primarily due to increaseda $6.1 million decrease in gains on interest rate swaps which hedge a portion of our unsecured senior notes used to repay variable-rate secured financing.

financing, partially offset by the non-recurrence of a $1.4 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the third quarter of 2019.

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Securitization VIE Eliminations

Securitization VIE eliminations primarily reclassify interest income and servicing fee revenues to other income (loss) income for the CMBS and RMBS VIEs that we consolidate as primary beneficiary. Such eliminations have no overall effect on net income (loss) income attributable to Starwood Property Trust. The reclassified revenues, along with applicable changes in fair value of investment securities and servicing rights, comprise the other income (loss) income caption “Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs,” which represents our beneficial interest in those consolidated VIEs. The magnitude of the securitization VIE eliminations is merely a function of the number of CMBS and RMBS trusts consolidated in any given period, and as such, is not a meaningful indicator of operating results. The eliminations primarily relate to CMBS trusts for which the Investing and Servicing Segment is deemed the primary beneficiary and, to a much lesser extent, some CMBS and RMBS trusts for which the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment is deemed the primary beneficiary.

Income Tax Provision

Our consolidated income taxes principally relate to the taxable nature of our loan servicing and loan securitization businesses which are housed in taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). For the three months ended September 30, 2020, our income taxes increased $10.3 million to $14.8 million compared to $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 due to an increase in taxable income of our TRSs in the third quarter of 2020.

Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interests

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, net income attributable to non-controlling interests increased $3.3 million to $12.9 million, compared to $9.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to non-controlling interests in earnings of a consolidated CMBS joint venture in which we hold a 51% interest, partially offset by the non-controlling interest on the gain from an Investing and Servicing Segment operating property sold during the third quarter of 2019.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $26.9 million to $553.3 million, compared to $526.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to an increase in interest income from loans of $29.5 million, partially offset by a decrease in interest income from investment securities of $5.1 million. The increase in interest income from loans was principally due to (i) higher prepayment related income and (ii) higher average balances of both commercial and residential loans, partially offset by (iii) lower average LIBOR rates (partially mitigated by the LIBOR floors on most of our commercial loans). The decrease in interest income from investment securities was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates and lower prepayment related income on our single-borrower CMBS, partially offset by higher average RMBS investment balances.

Costs and Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $23.7 million to $222.9 million, compared to $199.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to a $50.2 million increase in credit loss provision and an $8.5 million increase in general and administrative expenses primarily related to residential loan procurement, partially offset by a $37.8 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio. The increase in the credit loss provision was due to the recognition of current expected credit losses (“CECL”) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 in accordance with the new credit loss accounting standard effective January 1, 2020 (see Notes 2 and 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial

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Statements). The CECL provision in the first nine months of 2020 was magnified by the significant deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts between the January 1 CECL effective date and the September 30 period end due to the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates partially offset by higher average borrowings outstanding.

Net Interest Income (amounts in thousands)

For the Nine Months Ended

September 30,

    

2020

    

2019

    

Change

Interest income from loans

$

492,489

$

462,956

$

29,533

Interest income from investment securities

 

57,358

 

62,438

 

(5,080)

Interest expense

 

(134,243)

 

(172,012)

 

37,769

Net interest income

$

415,604

$

353,382

$

62,222

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net interest income of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $62.2 million to $415.6 million, compared to $353.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase reflects the net increase in interest income and the decrease in interest expense, both as discussed in the sections above.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average unlevered yields on the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s loans and investment securities were as follows:

For the Nine Months Ended

September 30,

2020

2019

Commercial

6.5

%

7.5

%

Residential

6.8

%

6.9

%

Overall

6.5

%

7.4

%

The overall weighted average unlevered yield was lower as higher levels of prepayment related income were more than offset by decreases in LIBOR.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s weighted average secured borrowing rates, inclusive of interest rate hedging costs and the amortization of deferred financing fees, were 2.9% and 4.4%, respectively. The decrease in borrowing rates primarily reflects decreases in LIBOR.

Other Income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, other income of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $19.7 million to $39.8 million compared to $20.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to (i) a $40.1 million greater increase in fair value of residential mortgage loans and (ii) a $15.3 million decrease in foreign currency loss, partially offset by (iii) a $21.5 million unfavorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives, (iv) a $5.9 million greater decrease in fair value of investment securities, (v) a $4.6 million decrease in earnings from unconsolidated entities and (vi) a $4.5 million unfavorable change in gains (losses) on sales of loans and securities. The greater increase in fair value of residential mortgage loans primarily reflects the simultaneous purchase and securitization of $478.9 million of loans in the third quarter of 2020, pursuant to a trade confirmation that we entered into in the second quarter of 2020. The unfavorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives reflects an $11.6 million decreased gain on foreign currency hedges and a $9.9 million increased loss on interest rate swaps. The foreign currency hedges are used to fix the U.S. dollar amounts of cash flows (both interest and principal payments) we expect to receive from our foreign currency denominated loans and investments. The decreased foreign currency loss and decreased gain on foreign currency hedges reflect a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the GBP, partially offset by a weakening against the AUD and the EUR, in the first nine months of 2020 versus a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against each of those currencies in the first nine months of 2019. The interest rate swaps are used primarily to fix our interest rate payments on certain variable rate borrowings which fund fixed rate investments and to hedge our interest rate risk on residential loans held-for-sale. The greater decrease in fair value of investment securities reflects the

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widening of credit spreads resulting from market disruption and dislocation caused by the impacts of COVID-19 in the first quarter of 2020, partially offset by a tightening of those credit spreads in the second and third quarters.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Infrastructure Lending Segment decreased $16.5 million to $61.7 million, compared to $78.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to decreases in interest income from loans of $15.6 million and investment securities of $0.5 million. The decrease in interest income from loans was primarily due to a decrease in average LIBOR rates and lower average loan balances outstanding as a result of sales and repayments, partially offset by an increase in average spreads on our infrastructure loans.

Costs and Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Infrastructure Lending Segment decreased $15.7 million to $48.4 million, compared to $64.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to a $17.5 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio, partially offset by a $1.8 million increase in credit loss provision. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates and lower average borrowings as a result of loan sales and repayments. The increase in the credit loss provision was due to the recognition of CECL during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 in accordance with the new credit loss accounting standard effective January 1, 2020. As discussed above, the CECL provision was magnified by the deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts due to the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Net Interest Income (amounts in thousands)

For the Nine Months Ended

September 30,

    

2020

    

2019

    

Change

Interest income from loans

$

59,374

$

74,969

$

(15,595)

Interest income from investment securities

 

2,019

 

2,563

 

(544)

Interest expense

 

(31,709)

 

(49,257)

 

17,548

Net interest income

$

29,684

$

28,275

$

1,409

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net interest income of our Infrastructure Lending Segment increased $1.4 million to $29.7 million, compared to $28.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase reflects the decrease in interest expense on the secured financing facilities, which was partially offset by the decrease in interest income, both as discussed in the sections above.

  During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average unlevered yields on the Infrastructure Lending Segment’s investments were as follows:

For the Nine Months Ended

September 30,

2020

2019

Loans and investment securities held-for-investment

5.3

%

6.2

%

Loans held-for-sale

3.7

%

4.0

%

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Infrastructure Lending Segment’s weighted average secured borrowing rate, inclusive of the amortization of deferred financing fees, was 3.5% and 4.7%, respectively.

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Other Loss

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, other loss of our Infrastructure Lending Segment decreased $6.2 million to $2.5 million, compared to $8.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in other loss primarily reflects a decreased loss on extinguishment of debt resulting from the write-off of deferred financing fees relating to partial debt prepayments from proceeds of loan repayments and sales.

Property Segment

Change in Results by Portfolio (amounts in thousands)

    

$ Change from prior year

Costs and

Gain (loss) on derivative

Income (loss) before

Revenues

    

expenses

    

financial instruments

    

Other income (loss)

    

income taxes

Master Lease Portfolio

$

11

$

120

$

$

$

(109)

Medical Office Portfolio

(731)

(5,543)

(14,404)

(9,592)

Woodstar I Portfolio

1,832

5,889

(283)

(1,702)

(6,042)

Woodstar II Portfolio

1,622

537

1,085

Ireland Portfolio

(26,457)

(23,012)

(16,506)

7

(19,944)

Investment in unconsolidated entities

 

 

 

 

42,538

 

42,538

Other/Corporate

14

(236)

(296)

(46)

Total

$

(23,709)

$

(22,245)

$

(31,193)

$

40,547

$

7,890

See Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the above-referenced Property Segment portfolios. The Ireland Portfolio, which was comprised of 11 office properties and one multifamily property all located in Dublin, Ireland, was sold in December 2019.

Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Property Segment decreased $23.7 million to $191.7 million, compared to $215.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenues was primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019, partially offset by increased rental income in the Woodstar Portfolios due to rental rate increases effective May 2019.

Costs and Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Property Segment decreased $22.2 million to $182.6 million, compared to $204.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in costs and expenses primarily reflects the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019.

Other Loss

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, other loss of our Property Segment decreased $9.4 million to $37.1 million, compared to $46.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in other loss was primarily due to a $42.5 million loss in the 2019 period that did not recur in the 2020 period from our equity investee that owns four regional shopping malls (the “Retail Fund”). Our investment in the Retail Fund was written off as of December 31, 2019 due to continued declines in the estimated fair values of its properties. Partially offsetting the effect of the Retail Fund was a $31.2 million increased loss on derivatives, consisting of (i) a $14.7 million increased loss on interest rate swaps which primarily hedge the variable interest rate risk on borrowings secured by our Medical Office Portfolio and (ii) the non-recurrence of a $16.5 million gain in the 2019 period on foreign exchange contracts which hedged our Euro currency exposure with respect to the Ireland Portfolio.

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Investing and Servicing Segment

Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $62.3 million to $137.7 million, compared to $200.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenues was primarily due to decreases of $32.6 million in servicing fees, $12.1 million in rental income from our REIS Equity Portfolio due to fewer properties held and an owned hotel which was closed during the second quarter due to COVID-19 and $17.6 million in interest income from CMBS and conduit loans, which reflects a $13.3 million decrease in interest recoveries on CMBS and lower average balances of conduit loans held-for-sale.

Costs and Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $22.8 million to $98.9 million, compared to $121.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in costs and expenses was primarily due to decreases of $9.8 million in costs of rental operations, depreciation and amortization due to fewer properties held, $7.5 million in general and administrative expenses reflecting lower incentive compensation and $6.4 million in interest expense on borrowings related to properties held and conduit loans.

Other Income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, other income of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $100.0 million to $11.9 million, compared to $111.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in other income was primarily due to (i) a $92.5 million unfavorable change in fair value of CMBS investments primarily due to widening credit spreads resulting from market disruption and dislocation caused by the impacts of COVID-19, (ii) a $26.0 million lesser increase in fair value of conduit loans, (iii) a $14.2 million decreased gain on sales of operating properties and (iv) a $6.1 million increased loss on derivatives which primarily hedge our interest rate risk on conduit loans, all partially offset by (v) realized and unrealized gains totaling $27.9 million resulting from the sale in April 2020 of a portion of our unconsolidated equity interest in a servicing and advisory business, as further described in Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and (vi) an $11.2 million favorable change in fair value of servicing rights.

Corporate and Other Items

Corporate Costs and Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, corporate expenses increased $9.8 million to $180.0 million, compared to $170.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to a $10.3 million increase in management fees.

Corporate Other Income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, corporate other income increased $4.2 million to $34.4 million, compared to $30.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in corporate other income was primarily due to a $2.7 million increase in gains on interest rate swaps which hedge a portion of our unsecured senior notes used to repay variable-rate secured financing and the non-recurrence of a $1.4 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the third quarter of 2019.

Securitization VIE Eliminations

Refer to the preceding comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2020 to the three months ended September 30, 2019 for a discussion of the nature of securitization VIE eliminations.

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Income Tax Benefit (Provision)

Our consolidated income taxes principally relate to the taxable nature of our loan servicing and loan conduitsecuritization businesses and certain other real estate related investing activities which are housed in taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”).TRSs. For the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, our income taxestax provision decreased from a provision of $0.3$1.6 million to a benefit of $6.7$6.8 million compared to $8.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 due to tax lossesa decrease in the taxable income of our TRSs in the first quarternine months of 2020.

Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interests

During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, net income attributable to non-controlling interests decreased $5.6increased $5.5 million to $0.5$26.7 million, compared to $6.1$21.2 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. The decreaseincrease was primarily due to non-controlling interests in lossesearnings of a consolidated CMBS joint venture in which we hold a 51% interest.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Core Earnings is a non-GAAP financial measure. We calculate Core Earnings as GAAP net income (loss) income excluding the following:

(i)non-cash equity compensation expense;

(ii)incentive fees due under our management agreement;

(iii)depreciation and amortization of real estate and associated intangibles;

(iv)acquisition costs associated with successful acquisitions;

(v)any unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items recorded in net income (loss) income for the period, regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income or loss, or in net income (loss) income;; and

(vi)any deductions for distributions payable with respect to equity securities of subsidiaries issued in exchange for properties or interests therein.

In determining what constitutes unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items recorded in net income (loss) as referenced in item (v), since its inception in 2009, the Company has included provisions related to loan losses. Over the last 11 years, the Company has experienced a variety of economic environments, but does not have a history of realized credit losses on its originated loans. The Company acquired a special servicer in 2013. Through this special servicer, which was established in 1992, the Company has experienced numerous economic cycles and has an in-depth understanding of the commercial real estate markets after having worked out $80 billion across approximately 6,800 commercial real estate loans. One significant differentiating factor about the Company’s loan portfolio from that of a typical bank, which likely has a history of realized credit losses, is that the Company originates loans specifically tailored to the assets, borrowers and markets involved, whose complexity and structure are unique to each borrower and set of circumstances, and for which a broad application of assumptions would be less applicable than for the more traditional loans originated by banks. Banks, on the other hand, traditionally originate loans that fall into a specific set of defined metrics and guidelines. Given its extensive industry expertise and the nature of its loans, the Company believes that it is uniquely positioned with information on the assets in which it invests which is more appropriate than the broader macroeconomic data which takes a less focused view of loss and growth. As a result, in assessing the impact of the new credit loss accounting guidance on its Core Earnings, the Company determined that, consistent with its prior treatment of loan loss allowances and its stakeholders’ view of realized loan losses, the credit loss provision or reversal as computed under the newly released guidelines should likewise be included within unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items as referenced in item (v), but only to the extent that it exceeds any realized credit losses during the period.

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We believe that Core Earnings provides an additional measure of our core operating performance by eliminating the impact of certain non-cash expenses and facilitating a comparison of our financial results to those of other comparable REITs with fewer or no non-cash adjustments and comparison of our own operating results from period to period. Our management uses Core Earnings in this way, and also uses Core Earnings to compute the incentive fee due under our management agreement. The Company believes that its investors also use Core Earnings or a comparable supplemental performance measure to evaluate and compare the performance of the Company and its peers, and as such, the Company believes that the disclosure of Core Earnings is useful to (and expected by) its investors.

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However, the Company cautions that Core Earnings does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) income (determined in accordance with GAAP), or an indication of our cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), a measure of our liquidity, or an indication of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. In addition, our methodology for calculating Core Earnings may differ from the methodologies employed by other REITs to calculate the same or similar supplemental performance measures, and accordingly, our reported Core Earnings may not be comparable to the Core Earnings reported by other REITs.

The weighted average diluted share count applied to Core Earnings for purposes of determining Core Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed using the GAAP diluted share count, adjusted for the following:

(i)Unvested stock awards – Currently, unvested stock awards are excluded from the denominator of GAAP EPS. The related compensation expense is also excluded from Core Earnings. In order to effectuate dilution from these awards in the Core Earnings computation, we adjust the GAAP diluted share count to include these shares.

(ii)Convertible Notes – Conversion of our Convertible Notes is an event that is contingent upon numerous factors, none of which are in our control, and is an event that may or may not occur. Consistent with the treatment of other unrealized adjustments to Core Earnings, we adjust the GAAP diluted share count to exclude the potential shares issuable upon conversion until a conversion occurs.

(iii)Subsidiary equity – The intent of a February 2018 amendment to our management agreement (the “Amendment”) is to treat subsidiary equity in the same manner as if parent equity had been issued. The Class A Units issued in connection with the acquisition of assets in our Woodstar II Portfolio are currently excluded from our GAAP diluted share count, with the subsidiary equity represented as non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries on our GAAP balance sheet. Consistent with the Amendment, we adjust GAAP diluted share count to include these subsidiary units.

The following table presents our diluted weighted average shares used in our GAAP EPS calculation reconciled to our diluted weighted average shares used in our Core EPS calculation (amounts in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended

For the Three Months Ended

For the Nine Months Ended

March 31,

September 30,

September 30,

    

2020

    

2019

    

    

2020

    

2019

    

2020

    

2019

Diluted weighted average shares - GAAP

280,990

277,698

292,458

289,912

281,868

289,021

Add: Unvested stock awards

2,723

2,255

2,520

2,043

2,587

2,128

Add: Woodstar II Class A Units

10,738

11,911

10,642

11,001

10,676

11,491

Add: Other dilutive securities not included above

685

Less: Convertible Notes dilution

(9,649)

(9,649)

(9,857)

Diluted weighted average shares - Core

 

295,136

 

291,864

 

 

295,971

 

293,307

 

295,131

 

292,783

The definition of Core Earnings allows management to make adjustments, subject to the approval of a majority of our independent directors, in situations where such adjustments are considered appropriate in order for Core Earnings to be calculated in a manner consistent with its definition and objective. No adjustments to the definition of Core Earnings became effective during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020.

As a reminder, in 2015, we adjusted the calculation ofThe following table summarizes our quarterly Core Earnings related toper weighted average diluted share for the equity component of our Convertible Notes. We previously amortized the equity component of these instruments through interest expense for Core Earnings purposes, consistent with our GAAP treatment. However, for Core Earnings purposes, the amount is not considered realized until the earlier of (a) the entire issuance of the notes has been extinguished; or (b) the equity portion has been fully amortized via repurchases of the notes.nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

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Core Earnings For the Three-Month Periods Ended

    

March 31

    

June 30

    

September 30

2020

$

0.55

$

0.43

$

0.50

2019

$

0.28

$

0.52

$

0.52

In January

Core Earnings per weighted average diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 our 2019 Convertible Notes were fully repaid in shares of common stock and cash. The equity portiondoes not equal the sum of the 2019 Convertible Notes had been fully amortized.individual quarters due to rounding and other computational factors.

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Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2019

The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, by business segment (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

Commercial

    

    

    

    

    

    

Commercial

    

    

    

    

    

and

and

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Total

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Total

Revenues

$

211,437

$

23,257

$

64,083

$

44,495

$

$

343,272

$

173,547

$

18,571

$

63,973

$

49,070

$

$

305,161

Costs and expenses

 

(104,780)

 

(26,079)

 

(60,662)

 

(36,928)

(73,213)

 

(301,662)

 

(53,891)

 

(8,262)

 

(60,801)

 

(33,035)

(53,072)

 

(209,061)

Other (loss) income

 

(66,541)

 

(1,348)

 

(30,192)

 

(45,918)

 

29,235

 

(114,764)

Other income (loss)

 

72,991

 

140

 

(300)

 

9,971

 

645

 

83,447

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

40,116

 

(4,170)

 

(26,771)

 

(38,351)

(43,978)

 

(73,154)

 

192,647

 

10,449

 

2,872

 

26,006

(52,427)

 

179,547

Income tax benefit

 

4,422

 

145

 

 

2,162

 

6,729

(Income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(3)

 

 

(5,111)

 

4,770

 

 

(344)

Income tax (provision) benefit

 

(16,700)

 

(86)

 

 

1,943

 

(14,843)

Income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(3)

 

 

(5,072)

 

(7,795)

 

 

(12,870)

Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

44,535

 

(4,025)

 

(31,882)

 

(31,419)

(43,978)

 

(66,769)

175,944

 

10,363

 

(2,200)

 

20,154

(52,427)

 

151,834

Add / (Deduct):

Non-controlling interests attributable to Woodstar II Class A Units

5,111

 

5,111

5,072

 

5,072

Non-cash equity compensation expense

1,112

466

73

1,263

5,886

 

8,800

1,015

(126)

54

1,215

4,131

 

6,289

Management incentive fee

15,799

 

15,799

Acquisition and investment pursuit costs

358

(89)

 

269

(163)

(89)

 

(252)

Depreciation and amortization

355

51

19,381

3,807

 

23,594

370

78

19,191

3,525

 

23,164

Credit loss provision, net

40,217

8,452

 

48,669

Credit loss reversal, net

(259)

(4,369)

 

(4,628)

Interest income adjustment for securities

124

6,315

 

6,439

(1,035)

1,914

 

879

Extinguishment of debt, net

(246)

(246)

(246)

(246)

Income tax benefit associated with fair value adjustments

(5,821)

(1,442)

(7,263)

Income tax provision associated with fair value adjustments

5,519

879

6,398

Other non-cash items

3

(491)

248

156

 

(84)

3

(713)

225

158

 

(327)

Reversal of GAAP unrealized (gains) / losses on:

Loans

35,517

(19,383)

 

16,134

(59,402)

(1,982)

 

(61,384)

Securities

27,879

47,216

75,095

(13,611)

(3,249)

(16,860)

Derivatives

(30,563)

1,013

30,569

19,013

(27,649)

 

(7,617)

28,336

(173)

(1,377)

(551)

4,380

 

30,615

Foreign currency

34,001

473

19

(7)

 

34,486

(25,302)

(110)

(14)

(26)

 

(25,452)

Earnings from unconsolidated entities

(51)

(620)

 

(671)

(Earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities

(3,253)

80

(358)

 

(3,531)

Recognition of Core realized gains / (losses) on:

Loans

2,164

(62)

16,559

18,661

49,241

6,201

55,442

Securities

(4,212)

 

(4,212)

(4,318)

 

(4,318)

Derivatives

3,250

118

(35)

(6,087)

 

(2,754)

(11,625)

(35)

(7,341)

 

(19,001)

Foreign currency

(4,271)

(194)

(19)

7

 

(4,477)

799

(5)

16

26

 

836

(Loss) earnings from unconsolidated entities

(556)

3,738

 

3,182

Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities

3,352

(80)

772

 

4,044

Core Earnings (Loss)

$

148,253

$

6,292

$

22,637

$

34,996

$

(50,032)

$

162,146

$

149,929

$

5,658

$

19,905

$

17,086

$

(44,004)

$

148,574

Core Earnings (Loss) per Weighted Average Diluted Share

$

0.50

$

0.02

$

0.08

$

0.12

$

(0.17)

$

0.55

$

0.51

$

0.02

$

0.06

$

0.06

$

(0.15)

$

0.50

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The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, by business segment (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

    

Commercial

   

   

   

   

   

and

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Total

Revenues

$

174,830

$

28,486

$

70,599

$

66,950

$

20

$

340,885

Costs and expenses

 

(69,188)

(23,846)

(67,475)

(38,674)

(54,129)

(253,312)

Other (loss) income

 

(1,034)

(2,609)

(42,506)

25,606

9,560

(10,983)

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

104,608

2,031

(39,382)

53,882

(44,549)

76,590

Income tax benefit (provision)

 

248

85

(258)

(409)

(334)

(Income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(371)

(5,717)

215

(5,873)

Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

104,485

2,116

(45,357)

53,688

(44,549)

70,383

Add / (Deduct):

Non-controlling interests attributable to Woodstar II Class A Units

5,717

5,717

Non-cash equity compensation expense

706

551

69

1,350

3,687

6,363

Management incentive fee

173

173

Acquisition and investment pursuit costs

(38)

2

(89)

(125)

Depreciation and amortization

71

24,211

4,915

29,197

Credit loss provision, net

(11)

774

763

Interest income adjustment for securities

(197)

5,972

5,775

Extinguishment of debt, net

(1,211)

(1,211)

Other non-cash items

(434)

137

168

(129)

Reversal of GAAP unrealized (gains) / losses on:

Loans

(1,386)

(9,880)

(11,266)

Securities

1,694

(18,140)

(16,446)

Derivatives

9,505

395

316

3,324

(10,144)

3,396

Foreign currency

(5,239)

(300)

(9)

1

(5,547)

(Earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities

(577)

43,805

(594)

42,634

Recognition of Core realized gains / (losses) on:

Loans

(653)

7,430

6,777

Securities

7,532

7,532

Derivatives

87

768

367

(1,625)

(403)

Foreign currency

391

(891)

9

8

(483)

Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities

98

(68,905)

8,733

(60,074)

Sales of properties

(76)

(76)

Core Earnings (Loss)

$

108,936

$

3,415

$

(40,300)

$

62,775

$

(51,876)

$

82,950

Core Earnings (Loss) per Weighted Average Diluted Share

$

0.37

$

0.01

$

(0.14)

$

0.22

$

(0.18)

$

0.28

    

Commercial

    

    

    

and

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Total

Revenues

$

163,808

$

23,612

$

72,376

$

67,397

$

$

327,193

Costs and expenses

 

(60,959)

(18,773)

(69,126)

(42,288)

(62,155)

(253,301)

Other income (loss)

 

12,309

(2,604)

6,115

59,349

5,317

80,486

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

115,158

2,235

9,365

84,458

(56,838)

154,378

Income tax (provision) benefit

 

(3,194)

475

(1,794)

(4,513)

Income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(5,250)

(4,219)

(9,469)

Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

111,964

2,710

4,115

78,445

(56,838)

140,396

Add / (Deduct):

Non-controlling interests attributable to Woodstar II Class A Units

5,250

5,250

Non-cash equity compensation expense

1,140

577

83

1,765

9,411

12,976

Management incentive fee

1,875

1,875

Acquisition and investment pursuit costs

6

(89)

(146)

(229)

Depreciation and amortization

339

15

23,440

4,444

28,238

Credit loss reversal, net

(39)

(39)

Interest income adjustment for securities

(194)

5,345

5,151

Extinguishment of debt, net

(247)

(247)

Other non-cash items

321

191

152

664

Reversal of GAAP unrealized (gains) / losses on:

Loans

(10,088)

(22,433)

(32,521)

Securities

303

(22,476)

(22,173)

Derivatives

(15,749)

109

(4,576)

6,590

(6,913)

(20,539)

Foreign currency

15,337

319

8

15,664

Earnings from unconsolidated entities

(2,507)

(223)

(253)

(2,983)

Recognition of Core realized gains / (losses) on:

Loans

8,383

(230)

22,134

30,287

Securities

373

4,593

4,966

Derivatives

977

64

406

(7,875)

(6,428)

Foreign currency

(3,911)

(171)

(8)

(4,090)

Earnings from unconsolidated entities

2,298

1,324

3,622

Sales of properties

(7,221)

(7,221)

Core Earnings (Loss)

$

108,632

$

3,393

$

28,727

$

64,427

$

(52,560)

$

152,619

Core Earnings (Loss) per Weighted Average Diluted Share

$

0.37

$

0.01

$

0.10

$

0.22

$

(0.18)

$

0.52

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Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

The Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s Core Earnings increased by $39.4$41.3 million, from $108.9$108.6 million during the firstthird quarter of 2019 to $148.3$149.9 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $211.6$172.5 million, costs and expenses were $62.7$52.9 million, and other income was $0.8$41.5 million and income tax provision was $11.2 million.

Core revenues, consisting principally of interest income on loans, increased by $36.9$8.9 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020, primarily due to an increaseincreases in interest income from loans of $37.8$4.7 million partially offset by a decrease in interest income fromand investment securities of $1.0$2.4 million. The increase in interest income from loans was principally due to (i) higher prepayment related income and (ii) higher average balances of both commercial and residential loans, partially offset by (iii) lower average LIBOR rates (partially mitigated by the LIBOR floors on most of our commercial loans) and (iv) the compression of interest rate spreads in credit markets.. The decreaseincrease in interest income from investment securities was primarily due to higher average RMBS investment balances, partially offset by lower average investment balances and lower average LIBOR rates.rates affecting interest income from our other investment securities.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $5.7$6.6 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020, primarily due to a $7.7$13.4 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates partially offset by higher average borrowings outstanding. Such decrease was partially offset by higher general and administrative and other expenses.

Core other income decreasedincreased by $2.1$33.7 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020.2020, primarily due to an increase in residential loan securitization gains, net of realized losses on related interest rate derivatives.

Income taxes, which principally relate to the taxable nature of this segment’s residential loan securitization activities which are housed in TRSs, increased $7.9 million due to an increase in taxable income of those TRSs in the third quarter of 2020.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

The Infrastructure Lending Segment’s Core Earnings increased by $2.9$2.3 million, from $3.4 million in the firstthird quarter of 2019 to $6.3$5.7 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $23.3$18.6 million, costs and expenses were $17.1$12.7 million and other loss was nominal.$0.1 million.

Core revenues, consisting principally of interest income on loans, decreased by $5.2$5.0 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020, primarily due to decreases in interest income from loans of $4.5$4.9 million and investment securities of $0.2 million. The decrease in interest income from loans was primarily due primarily to lower average loan balances outstanding as a result of sales and repayments. A decrease in average LIBOR rates was substantially offset by an increase in average spreads on our infrastructure loans.rates.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $5.4$5.5 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020, primarily due to a decrease in interest expense on the secured debt facilities used to finance this segment’s investment portfolio principally due to lower average borrowings as a result of paydowns due to loan sales and repayments and a decrease in average LIBOR rates.

Core other loss decreased by $2.6$2.4 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020, primarily due to the non-recurrence of a decreased$2.1 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the third quarter of 2019 resulting from the write-off of deferred financing fees relating to partial debt prepayments from proceeds of loan repayments and sales.

.

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Property Segment

Core Earnings by Portfolio (amounts in thousands)

For the Three Months Ended

For the Three Months Ended

March 31,

September 30,

    

2020

    

2019

    

Change

    

2020

    

2019

    

Change

Master Lease Portfolio

$

4,308

$

4,052

$

256

$

4,273

$

4,311

$

(38)

Medical Office Portfolio

6,765

6,692

73

3,979

5,994

(2,015)

Woodstar I Portfolio

6,784

7,410

(626)

6,024

7,333

(1,309)

Woodstar II Portfolio

6,009

5,413

596

6,354

6,245

109

Ireland Portfolio

6,041

(6,041)

5,798

(5,798)

Investment in unconsolidated entities

 

 

(68,905)

 

68,905

Other/Corporate

(1,229)

(1,003)

(226)

(725)

(954)

229

Core Earnings

$

22,637

$

(40,300)

$

62,937

$

19,905

$

28,727

$

(8,822)

The Property Segment’s Core Earnings increaseddecreased by $62.9$8.8 million, from a loss of $40.3$28.7 million during the firstthird quarter of 2019 to income of $22.6$19.9 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $63.6 million, costs and expenses were $41.4$42.0 million and other incomeloss was $0.4$1.7 million.

Core revenues decreased by $6.7$8.7 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020, primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019, partially offset by increased rental income in the Woodstar Portfolios due to rental rate increases effective May 2019.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $2.1$3.3 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020, primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019.

Core other income increased(loss) decreased by $67.3$3.4 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020 primarily due to a $68.9 million lossan unfavorable change in realized gains (losses) on our investment in the Retail Fund in the 2019 first quarter that did not recur in the 2020 first quarter.certain interest rate and foreign currency derivatives.

Investing and Servicing Segment

The Investing and Servicing Segment’s Core Earnings decreased by $27.8$47.3 million, from $62.8$64.4 million during the firstthird quarter of 2019 to $35.0$17.1 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $51.1$51.3 million, costs and expenses were $31.9$28.4 million, other incomeloss was $22.2$4.9 million, income tax benefit was $0.7$2.8 million and the deduction of income attributable to non-controlling interests was $7.1$3.7 million.

Core revenues decreased by $22.0$21.7 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020, primarily due to decreases of $20.8$14.8 million in interest income from CMBS and conduit loans, $4.5 million in servicing fees and $3.1$2.3 million in rental income from our REIS Equity Portfolio due to fewer properties held, partially offset by a $0.8 million increase in interest income on CMBS.held. The treatment of CMBS interest income on a GAAP basis is complicated by our application of the ASC 810 consolidation rules. In an attempt to treat these securities similar to the trust’s other investment securities, we compute core interest income pursuant to an effective yield methodology. In doing so, we segregate the portfolio into various categories based on the components of the bonds’ cash flows and the volatility related to each of these components. We then accrete interest income on an effective yield basis using the components of cash flows that are reliably estimable. Other minor adjustments are made to reflect management’s expectations for other components of the projected cash flow stream. The decrease in interest income primarily reflects a $7.4 million decrease in interest recoveries on CMBS and lower average balances of conduit loans held-for-sale.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $0.5$7.9 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020.2020, primarily due to decreases of $3.5 million in interest expense on borrowings related to properties held and conduit loans, $3.5 million in general and administrative expenses reflecting lower incentive compensation and $1.4 million in costs of rental operations due to fewer properties held.

Core other income (loss) includes profit realized upon securitization of loans by our conduit business, gains on sales of CMBS and operating properties, gains and losses on derivatives that were either effectively terminated or novated, and earnings from unconsolidated entities. These items are typically offset by a decrease in the fair value of our domestic servicing rights intangible which reflects the expected amortization of this deteriorating asset, net of increases

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in fair value due to the attainment of new servicing contracts. Derivatives include instruments which hedge interest rate risk and credit risk on our conduit loans. For GAAP purposes, the loans, CMBS and derivatives are accounted for at fair value,

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with all changes in fair value (realized or unrealized) recognized in earnings. The adjustments to Core Earnings outlined above are also applied to the GAAP earnings of our unconsolidated entities. Core other income (loss) decreased by $0.1$37.9 million in the firstthird quarter of 2020.2020 primarily due to (i) the non-recurrence of $22.0 million of gains on sales of an operating property and CMBS in the third quarter of 2019 and (ii) a $15.9 million decrease in realized gains on conduit loans.

Income taxes, which principally relate to the taxable nature of ourthis segment’s loan servicing and loan conduitsecuritization businesses and certain other real estate related investing activities which are housed in TRSs, decreased $1.1$4.6 million from a provision of $0.4$1.8 million to a benefit of $0.7$2.8 million due to tax losses of ourthose TRSs in the firstthird quarter of 2020.

Income attributable to non-controlling interests increased $0.3 million primarily relating to income of a consolidated CMBS joint venture in which we hold a 51% interest, partially offset by the minority interest on the gain from an operating property sold during the third quarter of 2019.

Corporate

Core corporate costs and expenses decreased by $8.6 million, from $52.6 million during the third quarter of 2019 to $44.0 million in the third quarter of 2020 primarily due to (i) a $5.1 million favorable change in realized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps which hedge a portion of our unsecured senior notes used to repay variable-rate secured financing, (ii) a $2.1 million decrease in interest expense principally on lower average outstanding balances of our unsecured senior notes and (iii) a $1.4 million decrease in loss on extinguishment of debt.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, by business segment (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

    

Commercial

    

    

    

    

    

and

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Total

Revenues

$

553,351

$

61,737

$

191,680

$

137,655

$

$

944,423

Costs and expenses

 

(222,862)

(48,453)

 

(182,568)

(98,955)

(180,032)

 

(732,870)

Other income (loss)

 

39,808

(2,453)

 

(37,148)

11,875

34,397

 

46,479

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

370,297

10,831

 

(28,036)

50,575

(145,635)

 

258,032

Income tax (provision) benefit

 

(15,535)

3

 

8,716

 

(6,816)

Income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(10)

 

(15,294)

(11,191)

 

(26,495)

Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

 

354,752

10,834

 

(43,330)

48,100

(145,635)

 

224,721

Add / (Deduct):

Non-controlling interests attributable to Woodstar II Class A Units

15,294

 

15,294

Non-cash equity compensation expense

 

3,563

821

185

3,725

14,147

22,441

Management incentive fee

 

15,799

15,799

Acquisition and investment pursuit costs

401

(266)

(72)

63

Depreciation and amortization

 

1,095

208

57,808

10,669

69,780

Credit loss provision, net

 

51,252

2,991

54,243

Interest income adjustment for securities

 

238

9,856

10,094

Extinguishment of debt, net

(739)

(739)

Income tax provision (benefit) associated with fair value adjustments

1,612

(955)

657

Other non-cash items

10

(1,689)

703

470

(506)

Reversal of GAAP unrealized (gains) / losses on:

Loans

 

(56,895)

(22,805)

(79,700)

Securities

 

8,814

36,026

44,840

Derivatives

 

8,816

1,260

32,593

21,986

(23,509)

41,146

Foreign currency

 

1,757

53

53

(2)

1,861

(Earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities

 

(3,975)

1,198

(30,504)

(33,281)

Recognition of Core realized gains / (losses) on:

Loans

 

45,742

(62)

22,759

68,439

Securities

 

(8,711)

(8,711)

Derivatives

 

(3,853)

118

(439)

(13,438)

(17,612)

Foreign currency

 

(5,441)

(147)

(53)

2

(5,639)

Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities

 

2,772

(813)

17,502

19,461

Sales of properties

 

(5,789)

(5,789)

Core Earnings (Loss)

$

410,660

$

16,461

$

60,156

$

89,052

$

(139,467)

$

436,862

Core Earnings (Loss) per Weighted Average Diluted Share

$

1.39

$

0.06

$

0.20

$

0.30

$

(0.47)

$

1.48

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The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, by business segment (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

    

Commercial

    

    

    

    

    

and

Residential

Infrastructure

Investing

Lending

Lending

Property

and Servicing

Segment

Segment

Segment

Segment

Corporate

Total

Revenues

$

526,418

$

78,264

$

215,389

$

199,980

$

26

$

1,020,077

Costs and expenses

 

(199,176)

(64,143)

 

(204,813)

 

(121,746)

(170,231)

 

(760,109)

Other income (loss)

 

20,086

(8,669)

 

(46,502)

 

111,941

30,186

 

107,042

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

347,328

5,452

 

(35,926)

 

190,175

(140,019)

 

367,010

Income tax (provision) benefit

 

(4,778)

746

 

(258)

 

(4,090)

 

(8,380)

Income attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(392)

 

(16,322)

 

(4,121)

 

(20,835)

Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

 

342,158

6,198

 

(52,506)

 

181,964

(140,019)

 

337,795

Add / (Deduct):

Non-controlling interests attributable to Woodstar II Class A Units

16,322

16,322

Non-cash equity compensation expense

 

2,757

1,691

229

4,817

16,909

26,403

Management incentive fee

 

2,048

2,048

Acquisition and investment pursuit costs

(56)

2

(266)

(451)

(356)

(1,127)

Depreciation and amortization

 

695

15

71,067

14,181

85,958

Credit loss provision, net

 

2,046

1,196

3,242

Interest income adjustment for securities

 

(585)

14,698

14,113

Extinguishment of debt, net

(1,704)

(1,704)

Other non-cash items

(565)

699

470

604

Reversal of GAAP unrealized (gains) / losses on:

Loans

 

(16,837)

(48,841)

(65,678)

Securities

 

2,945

(56,431)

(53,486)

Derivatives

 

(11,763)

3,337

8,457

16,841

(32,915)

(16,043)

Foreign currency

 

17,025

102

7

17,134

(Earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities

 

(8,576)

42,538

(3,601)

30,361

Recognition of Core realized gains / (losses) on:

Loans

 

7,180

(985)

49,719

55,914

Securities

 

970

11,702

12,672

Derivatives

 

1,800

(1,396)

2,257

(17,114)

(14,453)

Foreign currency

 

(4,725)

(998)

(7)

9

(5,721)

Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities

 

7,078

(68,905)

14,194

(47,633)

Sales of properties

 

(7,297)

(7,297)

Core Earnings (Loss)

$

342,112

$

9,162

$

18,628

$

175,089

$

(155,567)

$

389,424

Core Earnings (Loss) per Weighted Average Diluted Share

$

1.17

$

0.03

$

0.06

$

0.60

$

(0.53)

$

1.33

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Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

The Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s Core Earnings increased by $68.6 million, from $342.1 million during the nine months of 2019 to $410.7 million in the nine months of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $553.6 million, costs and expenses were $166.5 million, other income was $37.5 million and income tax provision was $13.9 million.

Core revenues, consisting principally of interest income on loans, increased by $27.8 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to an increase in interest income from loans of $29.5 million, partially offset by a decrease in interest income from investment securities of $4.2 million. The increase in interest income from loans was principally due to (i) higher prepayment related income and (ii) higher average balances of both commercial and residential loans, partially offset by (iii) lower average LIBOR rates (partially mitigated by the LIBOR floors on most of our commercial loans). The decrease in interest income from investment securities was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates and lower prepayment related income on our single-borrower CMBS, partially offset by higher average RMBS investment balances.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $27.2 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to a $37.8 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates partially offset by higher average borrowings outstanding. Such decrease was partially offset by higher general and administrative and other expenses.

Core other income increased by $22.3 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to an increase of $38.6 million in residential loan securitization gains, partially offset by unfavorable changes of $6.6 million in realized gains (losses) on derivatives principally related to the residential loans securitized, $5.5 million in gains (losses) on sales of other loans and investments and $4.3 million in earnings from unconsolidated entities.

Income taxes, which principally relate to the taxable nature of this segment’s residential loan securitization activities which are housed in TRSs, increased $9.1 million due to an increase in taxable income of those TRSs in the nine months of 2020.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

The Infrastructure Lending Segment’s Core Earnings increased by $7.3 million, from $9.2 million in the nine months of 2019 to $16.5 million in the nine months of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $61.7 million, costs and expenses were $44.4 million and other loss was $0.8 million.

Core revenues, consisting principally of interest income on loans, decreased by $16.5 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to decreases in interest income from loans of $15.6 million and investment securities of $0.5 million. The decrease in interest income from loans was primarily due to a decrease in average LIBOR rates and lower average loan balances outstanding as a result of sales and repayments, partially offset by an increase in average spreads on our infrastructure loans.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $16.8 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to a decrease in interest expense on the secured debt facilities used to finance this segment’s investment portfolio principally due to lower average LIBOR rates and lower average borrowings as a result of loan sales and repayments.

Core other loss decreased by $7.8 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to a decreased loss on extinguishment of debt resulting from the write-off of deferred financing fees relating to partial debt prepayments from proceeds of loan repayments and sales.

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Property Segment

Core Earnings by Portfolio (amounts in thousands)

For the Nine Months Ended

September 30,

    

2020

    

2019

    

Change

Master Lease Portfolio

$

12,811

$

12,663

$

148

Medical Office Portfolio

14,526

19,329

(4,803)

Woodstar I Portfolio

17,129

22,489

(5,360)

Woodstar II Portfolio

18,736

17,208

1,528

Ireland Portfolio

18,801

(18,801)

Investment in unconsolidated entities

 

 

(68,905)

 

68,905

Other/Corporate

(3,046)

(2,957)

(89)

Core Earnings

$

60,156

$

18,628

$

41,528

The Property Segment’s Core Earnings increased by $41.5 million, from $18.6 million during the nine months of 2019 to $60.1 million in the nine months of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $190.4 million, costs and expenses were $125.7 million and other loss was $4.6 million.

Core revenues decreased by $24.4 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019, partially offset by increased rental income in the Woodstar Portfolios due to rental rate increases effective May 2019.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $8.2 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019.

Core other loss decreased by $57.5 million in the nine months of 2020 primarily due to a $68.9 million other-than-temporary loss recognized on our investment in the Retail Fund in the 2019 period that did not recur in the 2020 period, partially offset by a $9.4 million unfavorable change in realized gains (losses) on certain interest rate and foreign currency derivatives and a $2.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the second quarter of 2020 in connection with the refinancing of our Woodstar I Portfolio.

Investing and Servicing Segment

The Investing and Servicing Segment’s Core Earnings decreased by $86.0 million, from $175.1 million during the nine months of 2019 to $89.1 million in the nine months of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $148.5 million, costs and expenses were $84.9 million, other income was $32.2 million, income tax benefit was $7.8 million and the deduction of income attributable to non-controlling interests was $14.5 million.

Core revenues decreased by $67.0 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to decreases of $32.6 million in servicing fees, $22.5 million in interest income from CMBS and conduit loans and $11.9 million in rental income from our REIS Equity Portfolio due to fewer properties held and an owned hotel which was closed during the second quarter due to COVID-19. The decrease in interest income primarily reflects a $13.3 million decrease in interest recoveries on CMBS and lower average balances of conduit loans held-for-sale.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $18.4 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to decreases of $6.4 million in costs of rental operations due to fewer properties held, $6.4 million in interest expense on borrowings related to properties held and conduit loans and $6.3 million in general and administrative expenses reflecting lower incentive compensation.

Core other income decreased by $38.1 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to decreases of $27.0 million in realized gains on conduit loans and $17.7 million in gains on sales of operating properties and CMBS.

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Income taxes, which principally relate to the taxable nature of this segment’s loan servicing and loan securitization businesses which are housed in TRSs, decreased $11.9 million from a provision of $4.1 million to a benefit of $7.8 million due to tax losses of those TRSs in the nine months of 2020.

Income attributable to non-controlling interests increased $11.2 million primarily relating to income of a consolidated CMBS joint venture in which we hold a 51% interest.

Corporate

Core corporate costs and expenses decreased by $1.9$16.1 million, from $51.9$155.6 million during the first quarternine months of 2019 to $50.0$139.5 million in the first quarternine months of 2020 primarily due to (i) a $12.1 million favorable change in realized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps which hedge a portion of our unsecured senior notes used to repay variable-rate secured financing.financing, (ii) a $2.4 million decrease in loss on extinguishment of debt and (iii) a $1.2 million decrease in interest expense principally on lower average outstanding balances of our unsecured senior notes.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet our cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain our assets and operations, make new investments where appropriate, pay dividends to our stockholders, and other general business needs. We closely monitor our liquidity position and believe that we have sufficient current liquidity and access to additional liquidity to meet our financial obligations for at least the next 12 months. Our strategy for managing liquidity and capital resources has not changed since December 31, 2019. Refer to our Form 10-K for a description of these strategies. We expect to preserve and build our liquidity to best position the Company to weather near-term market uncertainty, satisfy our loan future funding and financing obligations and to potentially make opportunistic new investments, which will cause us to take some or all of the following actions: raise capital from offerings of securities, borrow additional capital, sell assets, pay our management and incentive fees in shares of our common stock (as was done for the quarter ended March 31, 2020) and/or change our dividend practice, including by reducing the amount of, or temporarily suspending, our future dividends or paying our future dividends in kind for some period of time. We currently expect the pace of loan repayments will slow while the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are ongoing.

COVID-19 Pandemic

We are continuing to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on us, the borrowers underlying our commercial and residential real estate-related assetsloans and infrastructure loans (and their tenants), the tenants in the properties we own, our financing sources, and the economy as a whole. Because the severity, magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences are uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict, the pandemic’s impact on our operations and liquidity remains uncertain and difficult to predict. Further discussion of the potential impacts on us from the COVID-19 pandemic is provided in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Credit Facilities

Shortly after the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we entered into agreements with certain of our secured credit facility lenders in our commercial lending portfolio to temporarily suspend credit mark provisions on certain of their portfolio assets in exchange for: (i) cash repayments; (ii) pledges of additional collateral; and (iii) reductions of available borrowings. 

We are in frequent, consistent dialogue with the providers of our secured credit facilities regarding our management of their collateral assets in light of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the determination of whether any extensions to these agreements are necessary as these temporary suspensions expire. Our in-house asset management team, along with an experienced team of workout professionals within our special servicer, are skilled in managing loans throughout cycles, which we believe will assist us in achieving maximum resolution on any assets impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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No such modifications or agreements were made with lenders on credit facilities related to our property, residential lending or infrastructure lending portfolios.

Our primary sources of liquidity are as follows:

Cash Flows for the ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,ended September 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands)

    

    

VIE

    

Excluding Investing

    

    

VIE

    

Excluding Investing

GAAP

Adjustments

and Servicing VIEs

GAAP

Adjustments

and Servicing VIEs

Net cash used in operating activities

$

190,732

$

(3,778)

$

186,954

Net cash provided by operating activities

$

526,149

$

(1,999)

$

524,150

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

Origination and purchase of loans held-for-investment

 

(1,252,745)

 

 

(1,252,745)

 

(2,368,931)

 

 

(2,368,931)

Proceeds from principal collections and sale of loans

 

851,206

 

 

851,206

 

1,792,542

 

 

1,792,542

Purchase and funding of investment securities

 

(5,729)

 

(36,953)

 

(42,682)

 

(22,408)

 

(265,469)

 

(287,877)

Proceeds from sales and collections of investment securities

 

21,499

 

49,099

 

70,598

 

75,897

 

81,550

 

157,447

Proceeds from sales of real estate

23,805

23,805

Purchases and additions to properties and other assets

(7,056)

(7,056)

(17,923)

(17,923)

Investment in unconsolidated entities

(3,100)

(3,100)

(3,133)

(3,133)

Proceeds from sale of interest in unconsolidated entities

10,313

10,313

Net cash flows from other investments and assets

 

(58,258)

 

 

(58,258)

 

(60,118)

 

 

(60,118)

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(454,183)

 

12,146

 

(442,037)

 

(569,956)

 

(183,919)

 

(753,875)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

Proceeds from borrowings

 

2,756,915

 

 

2,756,915

 

4,935,556

 

 

4,935,556

Principal repayments on and repurchases of borrowings

 

(1,923,754)

 

 

(1,923,754)

 

(4,221,999)

 

(13,950)

 

(4,235,949)

Payment of deferred financing costs

 

(3,577)

 

 

(3,577)

 

(17,978)

 

 

(17,978)

Proceeds from common stock issuances, net of offering costs

 

139

 

 

139

 

442

 

 

442

Payment of dividends

 

(135,889)

 

 

(135,889)

 

(408,893)

 

 

(408,893)

Contributions from non-controlling interests

9,406

 

9,406

9,657

 

9,657

Distributions to non-controlling interests

 

(66,476)

 

565

 

(65,911)

 

(90,006)

 

2,472

 

(87,534)

Purchase of treasury stock

(28,830)

(28,830)

(28,830)

(28,830)

Issuance of debt of consolidated VIEs

 

24,376

 

(24,376)

 

 

24,376

 

(24,376)

 

Repayment of debt of consolidated VIEs

 

(36,953)

 

36,953

 

 

(279,419)

 

279,419

 

Distributions of cash from consolidated VIEs

 

24,723

 

(24,723)

 

 

57,174

 

(57,174)

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

620,080

 

(11,581)

 

608,499

 

(19,920)

 

186,391

 

166,471

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

356,629

 

(3,213)

 

353,416

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

(63,727)

 

473

 

(63,254)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period

 

574,031

 

(1,221)

 

572,810

 

574,031

 

(1,221)

 

572,810

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

 

733

 

 

733

 

902

 

 

902

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period

$

931,393

$

(4,434)

$

926,959

$

511,206

$

(748)

$

510,458

The discussion below is on a non-GAAP basis, after removing adjustments principally resulting from the consolidation of the securitization VIEs under ASC 810. These adjustments principally relate to (i) the purchase of CMBS, RMBS, loans and real estate from consolidated VIEs, which are reflected as repayments of VIE debt on a GAAP basis and (ii) principal collections of CMBS and RMBS related to consolidated VIEs, which are reflected as VIE distributions on a GAAP basis. There is no significant net impact to cash flows from operations or to overall cash resulting from these consolidations. Refer to Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Cash and cash equivalents increaseddecreased by $353.4$63.2 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, reflecting net cash used in investing activities of $753.9 million, partially offset by net cash provided by operating activities of $186.9$524.2 million and net cash provided by financing activities of $608.5 million, partially offset by net cash used in investing activities of $442.0$166.5 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities of $186.9$524.2 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 related primarily to cash interest income of $175.0$408.2 million from our loans and $39.7$119.5 million from our investment securities and proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale, net of originations and purchases, of $129.3$272.3 million. RentalNet rental income provided cash of $45.5$134.4 million and servicing fees provided cash of $8.6$30.4 million. Offsetting these cash inflows was cash interest expense of $109.3 million, a net change in operating assets and liabilities of $43.5 million, general and administrative expenses of $32.8 million and management fees of $28.5 million.

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was cash interest expense of $284.9 million, general and administrative expenses of $85.5 million, management fees of $56.8 million and a net change in operating assets and liabilities of $24.8 million.

Net cash used in investing activities of $442.0$753.9 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 related primarily to the origination and acquisition of new loans held-for-investment of $1.3$2.4 billion, the purchase and funding of investment securities of $42.7$287.9 million and net additions to properties and other assets of $7.1$17.9 million, partially offset by proceeds received from principal collections and sales of loans of $851.2 million$1.8 billion and investment securities of $70.6$157.4 million, proceeds from the sale of real estate of $23.8 million and proceeds from the sale of interest in unconsolidated entities of $10.3 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $608.5$166.5 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 related primarily to borrowings on our secured debt, net of repayments and deferred loan costs, of $829.6$681.6 million, partially offset by dividend distributions of $135.9$408.9 million, net distributions to non-controlling interests of $56.5$77.9 million and treasury stock purchases of $28.8 million.

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Our Investment Portfolio

The following is a review of our segments for the quarternine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020. Refer to the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussion of the potential impacts on us from the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

The following table sets forth the amount of each category of investments we owned across various property types within our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Unlevered

Unlevered

    

Face

    

Carrying

    

Asset Specific

    

Net

    

    

Return on

    

Face

    

Carrying

    

Asset Specific

    

Net

    

Return on

Amount

Value

Financing

Investment

Vintage

 

Asset

Amount

Value

Financing

Investment

Asset

March 31, 2020

September 30, 2020

First mortgages (1)

$

8,317,065

$

8,289,548

$

5,400,739

$

2,888,809

 

1998-2020

6.4

%

$

8,547,835

$

8,524,192

$

5,555,294

$

2,968,898

 

6.3

%

Subordinated mortgages

 

69,485

 

68,230

 

 

68,230

 

1998-2019

8.6

%

 

70,979

 

69,835

 

 

69,835

 

8.7

%

Mezzanine loans (1)

 

523,963

 

523,901

 

 

523,901

 

2013-2020

12.0

%

 

587,223

 

588,116

 

 

588,116

 

11.7

%

Residential loans, fair value option

276,661

 

274,758

 

198,989

 

75,769

2013-2020 

6.0

%

249,323

 

256,407

 

170,063

 

86,344

6.0

%

Other loans

34,852

 

31,058

 

 

31,058

 

1999-2017

9.9

%

34,043

 

30,548

 

 

30,548

 

9.9

%

Loans held-for-sale, fair value option, residential

892,815

 

886,076

 

639,193

 

246,883

 

2015-2020 

5.9

%

742,106

 

747,654

 

473,041

 

274,613

 

6.0

%

RMBS, available-for-sale

 

271,997

 

170,640

 

111,134

 

59,506

 

2003-2007 

14.0

%

 

260,260

 

170,270

 

110,478

 

59,792

 

11.2

%

RMBS, fair value option

 

97,120

 

149,914

(2)

 

30,383

 

119,531

 

2018-2020

8.6

%

275,787

373,682

(2)

75,118

298,564

8.4

%

CMBS, fair value option

111,014

104,724

(2)

36,550

68,174

2018

6.6

%

102,900

96,869

(2)

25,313

71,556

6.3

%

HTM debt securities (3)

525,373

523,728

122,934

400,794

2014-2019

6.9

%

 

505,247

 

504,936

 

96,716

 

408,220

 

6.8

%

Credit loss allowance

 

 

(83,072)

 

 

(83,072)

 

N/A

 

 

(99,048)

 

 

(99,048)

 

Equity security

 

11,350

 

8,626

 

 

8,626

 

N/A

 

11,805

 

10,058

 

 

10,058

 

Investment in unconsolidated entities

 

N/A

 

50,017

 

 

50,017

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

50,850

 

 

50,850

 

Properties, net

N/A

 

26,585

 

 

26,585

N/A

N/A

 

27,123

 

 

27,123

$

11,131,695

$

11,024,733

$

6,539,922

$

4,484,811

$

11,387,508

$

11,351,492

$

6,506,023

$

4,845,469

December 31, 2019

First mortgages (1)

$

7,961,494

$

7,926,732

$

4,715,244

$

3,211,488

 

1998-2019

6.4

%

$

7,961,494

$

7,926,732

$

4,715,244

$

3,211,488

 

6.4

%

Subordinated mortgages

 

77,055

 

75,724

 

 

75,724

 

1998-2019

9.5

%

 

77,055

 

75,724

 

 

75,724

 

9.5

%

Mezzanine loans (1)

 

484,408

 

484,164

 

 

484,164

 

2013-2019

12.2

%

 

484,408

 

484,164

 

 

484,164

 

12.2

%

Residential loans, fair value option

654,925

 

671,572

 

425,423

 

246,149

2013-2019

5.9

%

654,925

 

671,572

 

425,423

 

246,149

5.9

%

Other loans

66,525

 

62,555

 

 

62,555

1999-2018

8.9

%

66,525

 

62,555

 

 

62,555

8.9

%

Loans held-for-sale, fair value option, residential

587,144

 

605,384

 

454,223

 

151,161

 

2015-2019

5.9

%

587,144

 

605,384

 

454,223

 

151,161

 

5.9

%

Credit loss allowance, loans

 

(33,415)

 

 

(33,415)

N/A

 

(33,415)

 

 

(33,415)

RMBS, available-for-sale

 

278,853

 

189,576

 

102,073

 

87,503

 

2003-2007

12.3

%

 

278,853

 

189,576

 

102,073

 

87,503

 

12.3

%

RMBS, fair value option

 

87,397

147,034

(2)

32,292

114,742

 

2018-2019

10.2

%

 

87,397

147,034

(2)

32,292

114,742

 

10.2

%

CMBS, fair value option

 

118,249

118,215

(2)

58,801

59,414

 

2018

5.5

%

 

118,249

118,215

(2)

58,801

59,414

 

5.5

%

HTM debt securities (3)

 

527,338

 

525,485

 

178,880

 

346,605

 

2014-2019

7.1

%

 

527,338

 

525,485

 

178,880

 

346,605

 

7.1

%

Equity security

 

12,119

 

12,664

 

 

12,664

 

N/A

 

12,119

 

12,664

 

 

12,664

 

Investment in unconsolidated entities

 

N/A

 

46,921

 

 

46,921

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

46,921

 

 

46,921

 

Properties, net

N/A

 

26,834

 

 

26,834

N/A

N/A

 

26,834

 

 

26,834

$

10,855,507

$

10,859,445

$

5,966,936

$

4,892,509

$

10,855,507

$

10,859,445

$

5,966,936

$

4,892,509

(1)First mortgages include first mortgage loans and any contiguous mezzanine loan components because as a whole, the expected credit quality of these loans is more similar to that of a first mortgage loan. The application of this methodology resulted in mezzanine loans with carrying values of $968.2$896.8 million and $967.0 million being classified as first mortgages as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

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(2)Eliminated in consolidation against VIE liabilities pursuant to ASC 810.

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(3)CMBS held-to-maturity (“HTM”) and mandatorily redeemable preferred equity interests in commercial real estate entities.

As of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s investment portfolio, excluding residential loans, RMBS, properties and other investments, had the following characteristics based on carrying values:

Collateral Property Type

    

March 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

    

September 30, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

Office

 

39.0

%  

40.2

%

 

34.1

%  

40.2

%

Hotel

 

22.2

%  

20.6

%

 

22.4

%  

20.6

%

Multifamily

 

11.4

%  

12.3

%

 

14.4

%  

12.3

%

Mixed Use

8.4

%  

7.1

%

Residential

8.8

%  

8.7

%

 

8.2

%  

8.7

%

Mixed Use

 

7.3

%  

7.1

%

Retail

 

2.8

%  

3.5

%

 

2.8

%  

3.5

%

Industrial

 

0.6

%  

0.6

%

 

1.8

%  

0.6

%

Other

7.9

%  

7.0

7.9

%  

7.0

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

Geographic Location

    

March 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

    

September 30, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

U.S. Regions:

 

 

North East

 

25.5

%  

27.5

%

 

24.5

%  

27.5

%

West

 

23.6

%  

22.2

%

 

18.5

%  

22.2

%

South West

 

10.5

%  

10.7

%

 

10.9

%  

10.7

%

Mid Atlantic

 

8.4

%  

8.3

%

 

9.5

%  

8.3

%

South East

 

8.4

%  

7.9

%

 

8.3

%  

7.9

%

Midwest

 

4.7

%  

4.1

%

 

4.6

%  

4.1

%

International:

 

 

Europe/Australia

 

16.0

%  

16.2

%

 

20.8

%  

16.2

%

Bahamas/Bermuda

 

2.9

%  

3.1

%

 

2.9

%  

3.1

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

7595

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Infrastructure Lending Segment

The following table sets forth the amount of each category of investments we owned within our Infrastructure Lending Segment as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Unlevered

Unlevered

   

Face

   

Carrying

   

Asset Specific

   

Net

   

Return on

    

Face

    

Carrying

    

Asset Specific

    

Net

    

Return on

Amount

Value

Financing

Investment

Asset

Amount

Value

Financing

Investment

Asset

March 31, 2020

September 30, 2020

First priority infrastructure loans and HTM securities

$

1,473,260

$

1,444,564

$

1,110,261

$

334,303

 

6.1

%

$

1,630,855

$

1,601,005

$

1,243,001

$

358,004

 

4.7

%

Loans held-for-sale, infrastructure

103,007

 

102,020

 

80,734

 

21,286

 

3.6

%

Credit loss allowance

N/A

(19,277)

(19,277)

N/A

(17,124)

(17,124)

Investment in unconsolidated entities

N/A

25,862

25,862

N/A

24,664

24,664

$

1,576,267

$

1,553,169

$

1,190,995

$

362,174

$

1,630,855

$

1,608,545

$

1,243,001

$

365,544

December 31, 2019

First priority infrastructure loans and HTM securities

$

1,474,052

$

1,442,601

$

1,121,065

$

321,536

 

6.4

%

$

1,474,052

$

1,442,601

$

1,121,065

$

321,536

 

6.4

%

Loans held-for-sale, infrastructure

 

121,271

 

119,724

 

96,001

 

23,723

 

5.1

%

 

121,271

 

119,724

 

96,001

 

23,723

 

5.1

%

Credit loss allowance

N/A

(196)

(196)

N/A

(196)

(196)

Investment in unconsolidated entities

N/A

25,862

25,862

N/A

25,862

25,862

$

1,595,323

$

1,587,991

$

1,217,066

$

370,925

$

1,595,323

$

1,587,991

$

1,217,066

$

370,925

As of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our Infrastructure Lending Segment’s investment portfolio had the following characteristics based on carrying values:

Collateral Type

    

March 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

    

September 30, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

Natural gas power

 

71.8

%  

72.6

%

 

68.4

%  

72.6

%

Midstream

 

15.5

%  

12.8

%

 

20.9

%  

12.8

%

Renewable power

 

8.7

%  

10.6

%

 

7.2

%  

10.6

%

Other thermal power

4.0

%  

4.0

%

3.5

%  

4.0

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

Geographic Location

March 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

September 30, 2020

December 31, 2019

U.S. Regions:

North East

 

43.4

%  

43.9

%

 

42.1

%  

43.9

%

Midwest

 

24.1

%  

25.5

%

 

21.8

%  

25.5

%

South West

 

14.3

%  

12.6

%

 

16.2

%  

12.6

%

South East

6.0

%  

4.8

%

9.0

%  

4.8

%

West

4.2

%  

4.2

%

3.6

%  

4.2

%

Mid-Atlantic

4.0

%  

4.0

%

3.6

%  

4.0

%

International:

 

 

Mexico

 

3.0

%  

2.9

%

 

2.7

%  

2.9

%

Other

 

1.0

%  

2.1

%

 

1.0

%  

2.1

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

7696

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Property Segment

The following table sets forth the amount of each category of investments which are comprised of properties, intangible lease assets and liabilities and our equity investment in the Retail Fund held within our Property Segment as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

    

March 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

    

September 30, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

Properties, net

$

2,014,007

$

2,029,024

$

1,983,124

$

2,029,024

Lease intangibles, net

 

43,137

 

44,986

 

39,978

 

44,986

$

2,057,144

$

2,074,010

$

2,023,102

$

2,074,010

The following table sets forth our net investment and other information regarding the Property Segment’s properties and intangible lease assets and liabilitiesintangibles as of March 31,September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

    

    

Asset

    

    

    

Weighted Average

    

    

Asset

    

    

    

Weighted Average

Carrying

Specific

Net

Occupancy

Remaining

Carrying

Specific

Net

Occupancy

Remaining

Value

Financing

Investment

Rate

Lease Term

Value

Financing

Investment

Rate

Lease Term

Office—Medical Office Portfolio

$

759,867

$

590,834

$

169,033

93.0

%

6.1 years

$

760,098

$

591,853

$

168,245

93.2

%

6.1 years

Multifamily residential—Woodstar I Portfolio

631,108

477,797

153,311

98.3

%

0.5 years

634,017

572,202

61,815

98.2

%

0.5 years

Multifamily residential—Woodstar II Portfolio

606,450

436,936

169,514

99.5

%

0.5 years

607,695

437,037

170,658

99.3

%

0.5 years

Retail—Master Lease Portfolio

343,790

 

192,477

 

151,313

100.0

%

22.1 years

343,790

 

192,639

 

151,151

100.0

%

21.6 years

Subtotal—undepreciated carrying value

2,341,215

1,698,044

643,171

2,345,600

1,793,731

551,869

Accumulated depreciation and amortization

(284,071)

(284,071)

���

(322,498)

(322,498)

Net carrying value

$

2,057,144

$

1,698,044

$

359,100

$

2,023,102

$

1,793,731

$

229,371

As of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our Property Segment’s investment portfolio had the following geographic characteristics based on carrying values:

Geographic Location

March 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

September 30, 2020

December 31, 2019

South East

62.0

%  

62.0

%

62.0

%  

62.0

%

South West

 

10.3

%  

10.3

%

 

10.3

%  

10.3

%

Midwest

 

10.1

%  

10.1

%

 

10.1

%  

10.1

%

North East

 

9.7

%  

9.7

%

 

9.7

%  

9.7

%

West

 

7.9

%  

7.9

%

 

7.9

%  

7.9

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

7797

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Investing and Servicing Segment

The following table sets forth the amount of each category of investments we owned within our Investing and Servicing Segment as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

    

    

    

Asset

    

 

    

    

    

Asset

    

 

Face

Carrying

Specific

Net

 

Face

Carrying

Specific

Net

 

Amount

Value

Financing

Investment

 

Amount

Value

Financing

Investment

 

March 31, 2020

September 30, 2020

CMBS, fair value option

$

2,648,530

$

1,095,990

(1)  

$

372,548

(2)  

$

723,442

$

2,618,530

$

1,097,322

(1)  

$

318,443

(2)  

$

778,879

Intangible assets - servicing rights

 

N/A

 

43,482

(3)  

 

 

43,482

 

N/A

 

52,770

(3)  

 

 

52,770

Lease intangibles, net

N/A

18,826

18,826

N/A

16,548

16,548

Loans held-for-sale, fair value option, commercial

 

185,535

 

186,963

 

122,454

 

64,509

 

266,370

 

265,019

 

126,419

 

138,600

Loans held-for-investment

1,224

1,224

1,224

1,081

1,081

1,081

Investment in unconsolidated entities

N/A

31,321

(4)  

31,321

N/A

45,236

(4)  

45,236

Properties, net

 

N/A

 

212,478

 

197,939

 

14,539

 

N/A

 

197,575

 

169,193

 

28,382

$

2,835,289

$

1,590,284

$

692,941

$

897,343

$

2,885,981

$

1,675,551

$

614,055

$

1,061,496

December 31, 2019

CMBS, fair value option

$

2,897,654

$

1,177,148

(1)  

$

300,705

$

876,443

$

2,897,654

$

1,177,148

(1)  

$

300,705

$

876,443

Intangible assets - servicing rights

 

N/A

 

43,164

(3)  

 

 

43,164

 

N/A

 

43,164

(3)  

 

 

43,164

Lease intangibles, net

N/A

20,060

 

20,060

N/A

20,060

 

20,060

Loans held-for-sale, fair value option, commercial

 

160,635

 

159,238

 

85,873

 

73,365

 

160,635

 

159,238

 

85,873

 

73,365

Loans held-for-investment

1,294

1,294

1,294

1,294

1,294

1,294

Investment in unconsolidated entities

N/A

32,183

(4)  

32,183

N/A

32,183

(4)  

32,183

Properties, net

 

N/A

 

210,582

 

187,929

 

22,653

 

N/A

 

210,582

 

187,929

 

22,653

$

3,059,583

$

1,643,669

$

574,507

$

1,069,162

$

3,059,583

$

1,643,669

$

574,507

$

1,069,162

(1)Includes $1.06$1.07 billion and $1.14 billion of CMBS eliminated in consolidation against VIE liabilities pursuant to ASC 810 as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Also includes $170.1$178.6 million and $186.6 million of non-controlling interests in the consolidated entities which hold certain of these CMBS as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

(2)Includes $42.9$41.3 million of non-controlling interests in the consolidated entities which hold certain debt balances as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

(3)Includes $27.0$38.2 million and $26.2 million of servicing rights intangibles eliminated in consolidation against VIE assets pursuant to ASC 810 as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

(4)Includes $19.9$16.4 million and $20.6 million of investment in unconsolidated entities eliminated in consolidation against VIE assets pursuant to ASC 810 as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

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Our REIS Equity Portfolio, as described in Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, had the following characteristics based on carrying values of $215.7$198.8 million and $214.9 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively:

Property Type

March 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

September 30, 2020

December 31, 2019

Office

53.1

%  

52.7

%

50.0

%  

52.7

%

Retail

 

28.6

%  

28.8

%

 

30.5

%  

28.8

%

Mixed Use

 

6.4

%  

5.8

%

 

6.9

%  

5.8

%

Self-storage

 

5.8

%  

3.9

%

 

6.2

%  

3.9

%

Multifamily

 

3.9

%  

6.5

%

 

4.2

%  

6.5

%

Hotel

2.2

%  

2.3

%  

2.2

%  

2.3

%  

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

Geographic Location

March 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

September 30, 2020

December 31, 2019

South West

 

22.7

%  

22.0

%

 

24.7

%  

22.6

%

North East

 

22.5

%  

22.6

%

 

24.4

%  

22.0

%

South East

 

21.9

%  

22.6

%

 

15.6

%  

22.6

%

West

 

13.7

%  

13.5

%

 

15.0

%  

13.5

%

Mid Atlantic

 

11.0

%  

8.4

%

 

11.8

%  

8.4

%

Midwest

 

8.2

%  

10.9

%

 

8.5

%  

10.9

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

 

100.0

%  

100.0

%

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New Credit Facilities and Amendments

Refer to Notes 9 and 10 of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of new credit facilities and amendments to existing credit facilities executed since December 31, 2019.

Secured Borrowings

The following table is a summary of our secured borrowings as of March 31,September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Pledged

Approved

Pledged

Approved

Weighted

Asset

Maximum

but

Unallocated

Weighted

Asset

Maximum

but

Unallocated

Current

Extended

Average

Carrying

Facility

Outstanding

Undrawn

Financing

Current

Extended

Average

Carrying

Facility

Outstanding

Undrawn

Financing

   

Maturity

   

Maturity (a)

   

Pricing

   

Value

   

Size

   

Balance

   

Capacity (b)

   

Amount (c)

   

Maturity

   

Maturity (a)

   

Pricing

   

Value

   

Size

   

Balance

   

Capacity (b)

   

Amount (c)

Repurchase Agreements:

Commercial Loans

Aug 2020 to Jan 2024

(d)

Aug 2021 to Mar 2029

(d)

(e)

$

5,882,347

$

9,156,617

(f)

$

4,245,330

$

$

4,911,287

May 2021 to Aug 2025

(d)

May 2023 to Mar 2029

(d)

(e)

$

6,643,722

$

8,747,538

(f)

$

4,556,665

$

71,355

$

4,119,518

Residential Loans

Feb 2021

N/A

LIBOR + 2.10%

12,486

400,000

10,359

389,641

Jun 2022

N/A

LIBOR + 2.64%

37,046

400,000

23,866

376,134

Infrastructure Loans

Feb 2021

N/A

LIBOR + 1.75%

196,639

500,000

162,306

337,694

Feb 2022

N/A

LIBOR + 2.00%

244,862

500,000

206,288

293,712

Conduit Loans

Feb 2021 to Jun 2022

Feb 2022 to Jun 2023

LIBOR + 2.16%

182,575

350,000

123,353

226,647

Feb 2021 to Jun 2023

Feb 2022 to Jun 2024

LIBOR + 1.93%

171,497

350,000

127,162

222,838

CMBS/RMBS

Jun 2020 to Dec 2029

(g)

Dec 2020 to Jun 2030

(g)

(h)

1,104,252

821,816

682,777

(i)

139,039

Oct 2020 to Dec 2029

(g)

Aug 2021 to Jun 2030

(g)

(h)

1,155,313

750,544

634,791

(i)

115,753

Total Repurchase Agreements

7,378,299

11,228,433

5,224,125

6,004,308

8,252,440

10,748,082

5,548,772

71,355

5,127,955

Other Secured Financing:

Borrowing Base Facility

Apr 2022

Apr 2024

LIBOR + 2.25%

273,429

650,000

(j)

196,719

453,281

Apr 2022

Apr 2024

LIBOR + 2.25%

50,194

650,000

(j)

37,594

612,406

Commercial Financing Facility

Mar 2022

Mar 2029

GBP LIBOR + 1.75%

91,298

73,763

73,763

Mar 2022

Mar 2029

GBP LIBOR + 1.75%

95,077

76,721

76,721

Residential Financing Facility

Sep 2022

Sep 2025

3.50%

250,000

250,000

Infrastructure Acquisition Facility

Sep 2021

Sep 2022

(k)

731,095

740,382

586,250

154,132

Sep 2021

Sep 2022

(k)

710,572

701,370

572,382

128,988

Infrastructure Financing Facilities

Jul 2022 to Oct 2022

Oct 2024 to Jul 2027

LIBOR + 2.12%

542,597

1,250,000

448,848

801,152

Jul 2022 to Oct 2022

Oct 2024 to Jul 2027

LIBOR + 2.11%

583,319

1,250,000

464,487

785,513

Property Mortgages - Fixed rate

Nov 2024 to Aug 2052

(l)

N/A

3.94%

1,488,698

1,195,722

1,195,722

Nov 2024 to Aug 2052

(l)

N/A

3.81%

1,288,513

1,077,800

1,077,800

Property Mortgages - Variable rate

Jan 2023 to Mar 2025

N/A

LIBOR + 2.47%

777,925

728,310

707,009

21,301

Nov 2021 to Jul 2030

N/A

(m)

926,495

927,300

908,906

18,394

Term Loan and Revolver

(m)

N/A

(m)

N/A

(m)

518,000

518,000

(n)

N/A

(n)

N/A

(n)

516,000

396,000

120,000

FHLB

Feb 2021

N/A

(n)

1,148,346

2,000,000

827,869

1,172,131

Feb 2021

N/A

1.99%

948,409

1,600,000

619,500

980,500

Collateralized Loan Obligation

Jul 2038

N/A

LIBOR + 1.34%

1,098,839

936,375

936,375

Jul 2038

N/A

LIBOR + 1.34%

1,099,558

936,375

936,375

Total Other Secured Financing

6,152,227

8,092,552

5,490,555

2,601,997

5,702,137

7,985,566

5,089,765

120,000

2,775,801

$

13,530,526

$

19,320,985

$

10,714,680

$

$

8,606,305

$

13,954,577

$

18,733,648

$

10,638,537

$

191,355

$

7,903,756

Unamortized net discount

(8,089)

(9,908)

Unamortized deferred financing costs

(88,225)

(82,806)

$

10,618,366

$

10,545,823

(a)Subject to certain conditions as defined in the respective facility agreement.

(b)Approved but undrawn capacity represents the total draw amount that has been approved by the lenders related to those assets that have been pledged as collateral, less the drawn amount.

(c)Unallocated financing amount represents the maximum facility size less the total draw capacity that has been approved by the lenders.

(d)For certain facilities, borrowings collateralized by loans existing at maturity may remain outstanding until such loan collateral matures, subject to certain specified conditions.

(e)Certain facilities with an outstanding balance of $864.8 million$1.3 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2020 are indexed to GBP LIBOR and EURIBOR. The remainder have a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 1.92%2.02%.

(f)The aggregate initial maximum facility size of $8.9$8.7 billion may be increased at our option, subject to certain conditions. This amount includes such upsizes.

(g)Certain facilities with an outstanding balance of $320.7$285.9 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020 carry a rolling 11-month or 12-month term which may reset monthly or quarterly with the lender's consent. These facilities carry no maximum facility size.

(h)A facility with an outstanding balance of $184.5$184.2 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020 has a fixed annual interest rate of 3.49%3.50%. All other facilities are variable rate with a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 1.66%1.57%.

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(i)Includes: (i) $184.5$184.2 million outstanding on a repurchase facility that is not subject to margin calls; and (ii) $42.9$41.3 million outstanding on one of our repurchase facilities that represents the 49% pro rata share owed by a non-controlling partner in a consolidated joint venture (see Note 14). Additionally, we have posted $38.2 million in cash margin with one of our lenders pursuant14 to the terms of the related repurchase facility. The outstanding debt balance included above has not been reduced by the $38.2 million, which is recorded in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020.Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

(j)The initial maximum facility size of $300.0 million may be increased to $650.0 million, subject to certain conditions.

(k)Consists of an annual interest rate of the applicable currency benchmark index + 1.75%2.00%. The spread will increase 25 bps in September 2020.

(l)The weighted average maturity is 9.57.0 years as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

(m)Includes a $600.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan secured by our Medical Office Portfolio. This debt has a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR + 2.07% that we swapped to a fixed rate of 3.34%. The remainder have a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 2.63%

(n)Consists of: (i) a $398.0$396.0 million term loan facility that matures in July 2026 with an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 2.50%; and (ii) a $120.0 million revolving credit facility that matures in July 2024 with an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 3.00%. These facilities are secured by the equity interests in certain of our subsidiaries which totaled $3.1$3.7 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

(n)FHLB financing with an outstanding balance of $481.5 million as of March 31, 2020 has a weighted average fixed annual interest rate of 1.99%. The remainder is variable rate with a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 0.29%.

Refer to Note 9 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further disclosure regarding the terms of our secured financing arrangements.

Variance between Average and Quarter-End Credit Facility Borrowings Outstanding

The following table compares the average amount outstanding under our secured financing agreements during each quarter and the amount outstanding as of the end of each quarter, together with an explanation of significant variances (amounts in thousands):

Weighted-Average

Explanations

Weighted-Average

Explanations

Quarter-End

Balance During

for Significant

Quarter-End

Balance During

for Significant

Quarter Ended

    

Balance

    

Quarter

    

Variance

    

Variances

    

Balance

    

Quarter

    

Variance

    

Variances

December 31, 2019

9,936,500

9,535,839

400,661

(a)

9,936,500

9,535,839

400,661

(a)

March 31, 2020

10,714,680

10,194,276

520,404

(b)

10,714,680

10,194,276

520,404

(b)

June 30, 2020

9,858,371

10,218,089

(359,718)

(c)

September 30, 2020

10,638,537

10,151,695

486,842

(d)

(a)Variance primarily due to the following: (i) the late quarter timing of commercial loan fundings, which resulted in the Company drawing on its corresponding credit facilities which financed these assets and (ii) borrowings on a new Infrastructure Financing Facility.

(b)Variance primarily due to the following: (i) drawing on all available credit facilities at quarter end and (ii) borrowings on two new lending facilities.

(c)Variance primarily due to the late quarter timing of a residential loan securitization, which resulted in a $387.4 million paydown of the FHLB facility, partially offset by the late quarter timing of the refinancing of our Woodstar I Portfolio, which resulted in net additional borrowings of $100.1 million.

(d)Variance primarily due to the following: (i) late quarter timing of conduit loan fundings and (ii) the closing of a large European loan pledged to two commercial credit facilities.

Borrowings under Unsecured Senior Notes

During both the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average effective borrowing rate on our unsecured senior notes was 4.9%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average effective borrowing rate on our unsecured senior notes was 5.0%. and 4.9%, respectively. The effective borrowing rate includes the effects of underwriter purchase discount and the adjustment for the conversion option on the Convertible Notes, the initial value of which reduced the balance of the notes.

Refer to Note 10 of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further disclosure regarding the terms of our unsecured senior notes.

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Scheduled Principal Repayments on Investments and Overhang on Financing Facilities

The following scheduled and/or projected principal repayments on our investments were based on amounts outstanding and extended contractual maturities of those investments as of March 31,September 30, 2020. The projected and/or required repayments of financing were based on the earlier of (i) the extended contractual maturity of each credit facility or (ii) the extended contractual maturity of each of the investments that have been pledged as collateral under the respective credit facility (amounts in thousands):

    

Scheduled Principal

    

Scheduled/Projected

    

Projected/Required

    

Scheduled Principal

 

    

Scheduled Principal

   

Scheduled/Projected

   

Projected/Required

    

Scheduled Principal

 

Repayments on Loans

Principal Repayments

Repayments of

Inflows Net of

 

Repayments on Loans

Principal Repayments

Repayments of

Inflows Net of

 

and HTM Securities

on RMBS and CMBS

Financing

Financing Outflows

 

and HTM Securities

on RMBS and CMBS

Financing

Financing Outflows

 

Second Quarter 2020

 

418,967

 

38,884

 

(411,736)

(1)

46,115

Third Quarter 2020

 

197,569

 

28,777

 

(60,459)

165,887

Fourth Quarter 2020

195,937

123,369

(230,303)

(2)

89,003

 

365,971

 

11,541

 

(391,571)

(1)

(14,059)

First Quarter 2021

211,376

10,848

(1,457,203)

(3)

(1,234,979)

 

464,105

 

7,981

 

(1,268,191)

(2)

(796,105)

Second Quarter 2021

415,973

16,066

(83,194)

348,845

Third Quarter 2021

146,337

6,803

(151,131)

2,009

Total

$

1,023,849

$

201,878

$

(2,159,701)

$

(933,974)

$

1,392,386

$

42,391

$

(1,894,087)

$

(459,310)

(1)$209.6 million represents short-term borrowings on residential loans which are intended for near-term securitization.  These loans are financed by our FHLB facility via 90-day rolling advances.  $157.8 million represents the contractual maturity of a commercial real estate loan, for which the related repurchase facility contains a matched term.

(2)$187.5277.5 million represents borrowings with the FHLB associated with our residential loans, most of which are intended for securitization. The FHLB facility matures in February 2021.  We intend to transition any loans not already securitized to alternate facilities beginning later this year.

(3)(2)$500.0 million represents the maturity of our 2021 Senior Notes.  $393.7Notes, which we intend to repay with proceeds from corporate debt issuances subsequent to September 30, 2020 (see Note 23 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). $342.0 million represents borrowings with the FHLB associated with our residential loans, which will be repaid with securitization proceeds or alternative financing lines (see Note 21 above).  $319.7 million represents borrowings under a securities facility which carries a rolling 12-month term that we have historically extended, and intend to continue extending.  $159.1 million represents borrowings on our infrastructure repurchase facility which matures in February 2021.  We are currently working with the lender to extend this facility, but if such efforts prove unsuccessful, we have sufficient capacity on other infrastructure lines to which these loans can be transitioned.

In the normal course of business, the Company is in discussions with its lenders to extend or amend any financing facilities which contain near term expirations.

Issuances of Equity Securities

We may raise funds through capital market transactions by issuing capital stock. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to access the capital markets at any particular time or on any particular terms. We have authorized 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock and 500,000,000 shares of common stock. At March 31,September 30, 2020, we had 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock available for issuance and 217,756,122215,318,234 shares of common stock available for issuance.

Other Potential Sources of Financing

In the future, we may also use other sources of financing to fund the acquisition of our target assets, including other secured as well as unsecured forms of borrowing and sale of senior loan interests and other assets.

Repurchases of Equity Securities and Convertible Senior Notes

In February 2020, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $400.0 million of our outstanding common shares and convertible senior notes over a period of one year. Purchases made pursuant to the program will be made in either the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time as permitted by federal securities

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Table of Contents

laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases are discretionary and will be subject to economic and market conditions, stock price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. In MarchDuring the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased $28.8 million of common stock and no convertible senior notes under the repurchase program. As of March 31,September 30, 2020, we have $371.2 million of remaining capacity to repurchase common stock and/or convertible senior notes under the repurchase program.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have relationships with unconsolidated entities and financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as VIEs. Our maximum risk of loss associated with our involvement in VIEs is limited to the carrying value of our investment in the entity and any unfunded capital commitments. Refer to Note 14 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Dividends

U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its net taxable income. We generally intend to distribute substantially all of our taxable income (which does not necessarily equal our GAAP net income) to our stockholders each year, if and to the extent authorized by our board of directors. Before we pay any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating and debt service requirements. If our cash available for distribution is less than our net taxable income, we could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions or we may make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities. Refer to our Form 10-K for a detailed dividend history.

The Company’s board of directors declared the following dividends during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020:

Declare Date

    

Record Date

    

Payment Date

    

Amount

    

Frequency

    

Record Date

    

Payment Date

    

Amount

    

Frequency

9/16/20

9/30/20

10/15/20

$

0.48

Quarterly

6/16/20

6/30/20

7/15/20

$

0.48

Quarterly

2/25/20

3/31/20

4/15/20

$

0.48

Quarterly

3/31/20

4/15/20

$

0.48

Quarterly

Leverage Policies

Our strategies with regards to use of leverage have not changed significantly since December 31, 2019. Refer to our Form 10-K for a description of our strategies regarding use of leverage.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Contractual obligations as of March 31,September 30, 2020 are as follows (amounts in thousands):

    

    

Less than

    

    

    

More than

 

    

    

Less than

    

    

    

More than

 

Total

1 year

1 to 3 years

3 to 5 years

5 years

 

Total

1 year

1 to 3 years

3 to 5 years

5 years

 

Secured financings (a)

$

9,778,305

$

1,428,921

$

841,330

$

4,539,672

$

2,968,382

$

9,702,162

$

1,122,893

(b)

$

1,022,114

$

4,532,587

$

3,024,568

Collateralized loan obligations

936,375

936,375

936,375

936,375

Unsecured senior notes

 

1,950,000

 

500,000

 

700,000

 

750,000

 

 

1,950,000

 

500,000

 

950,000

 

500,000

 

Loan and preferred equity interest funding commitments (b)(c)

 

2,464,591

 

1,533,942

 

874,797

 

55,852

 

 

1,630,823

 

1,125,780

 

485,886

 

19,157

 

Infrastructure Lending Segment commitments (c)(d)

321,606

253,526

68,080

241,646

202,786

38,860

Loan purchase commitments (d)

17,988

17,988

Future lease commitments

 

34,649

 

6,906

 

7,299

 

3,356

 

17,088

 

31,324

 

7,163

 

4,741

 

3,529

 

15,891

Total

$

15,503,514

$

3,741,283

$

2,491,506

$

5,348,880

$

3,921,845

$

14,492,330

$

2,958,622

$

2,501,601

$

5,055,273

$

3,976,834

(a)Represents the contractual maturity of the respective credit facility, inclusive of available extension options.  If investments that have been pledged as collateral repay earlier than the contractual maturity of the debt, the related portion of the debt would likewise require earlier repayment. Refer to Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the expected maturities by year.

(b)$619.5 million represents borrowings with the FHLB associated with our residential loans, most of which are intended for securitization. The FHLB facility matures in February 2021.  We intend to transition any loans not already securitized to alternate facilities beginning later this year. $400.9 million represents borrowings under certain securities repurchase facilities that carry a rolling term.

(c)Excludes $262.0$156.1 million of loan funding commitments in which management projects the Company will not be obligated to fund in the future due to repayments made by the borrower earlier than, or in excess of, expectations.

(c)(d)Represents contractual commitments of $140.8$146.2 million under revolvers and letters of credit and $180.8$95.4 million under delayed draw term loans.

(d)Represents the Company’s contractual commitments to purchase residential mortgage loans from a residential mortgage originator in which we hold an equity interest. Refer to Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

The table above does not include interest payable, amounts due under our management agreement, amounts due under our derivative agreements or amounts due under guarantees as those contracts do not have fixed and determinable payments.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We believe that all of the decisions and assessments upon which our financial statements are based were reasonable at the time made, based upon information available to us at that time. Refer to the section of our Form 10-K entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates” for a full discussion of our critical accounting estimates. Except as set forth below, our critical accounting estimates have not materially changed since December 31, 2019.

Credit Losses

Loans and Debt Securities Measured at Amortized Cost

As discussed in Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. ASC 326 mandates the use of a current expected credit loss model (“CECL”) for estimating future credit losses of certain financial instruments measured at amortized cost, instead of the “incurred loss” credit model previously required under GAAP. The CECL model requires the

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consideration of possible credit losses over the life of an instrument as opposed to only estimating credit losses upon the occurrence of a discrete loss event under the previous “incurred loss” methodology. The CECL model applies to our loans held-for-investment (“HFI”) and our held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities which are carried at amortized cost, including future funding commitments and accrued interest receivable related to those loans and securities.

As we do not have a history of realized credit losses on our HFI loans and HTM securities, we have subscribed to third party database services to provide us with historical industry losses for both commercial real estate and infrastructure loans. Using these losses as a benchmark, we determine expected credit losses for our loans and securities on a collective basis within our commercial real estate and infrastructure portfolios. Such determination also incorporates significant assumptions and estimates regarding, among other things, prepayments, future fundings and economic forecasts. See Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of our methodologies.

We also evaluate each loan and security measured at amortized cost for credit deterioration at least quarterly. Credit deterioration occurs when it is deemed probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan or security. If a loan or security is considered to be credit deteriorated, we depart from the industry loss rate approach described above and determine the credit loss allowance as any excess of the amortized cost basis of the loan or security over (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the contractual effective interest rate or (ii) the fair value of the collateral, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.

Significant judgment is required when estimating future credit losses; therefore, actual results over time could be materially different. As of March 31,September 30, 2020, we held $10.9$11.3 billion of loans and HTM securities measured at amortized cost with expected future funding commitments of $2.6$1.7 billion. We recognized a net credit loss reversal of $3.6 million and a provision for credit losses with respect to those loans and securities and expected future funding commitments of $48.7$55.3 million during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020, respectively, and the related credit loss allowance was $117.3$122.9 million as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

Separate provisions of ASC 326 apply to our available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities which are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). We are required to establish an initial credit loss allowance for those securities that are purchased with credit deterioration by grossing up the amortized cost basis of each security and providing an offsetting credit loss allowance for the difference between expected cash flows and contractual cash flows, both on a present value basis.

Subsequently, cumulative adverse changes in expected cash flows on our available-for-sale debt securities are recognized currently as an increase to the credit loss allowance. However, the allowance is limited to the amount by which the available-for-saleAFS debt security’s amortized cost exceeds its fair value. Favorable changes in expected cash flows are first recognized as a decrease to the allowance for credit losses (recognized currently in earnings). Such changes would be recognized as a prospective yield adjustment only when the allowance for credit losses is reduced to zero. A change in expected cash flows that is attributable solely to a change in a variable interest reference rate does not result in a credit loss and is accounted for as a prospective yield adjustment.

Significant judgment is required when estimating expected cash flows used in determining the credit loss allowance for AFS debt securities; therefore, actual results over time could be materially different. As of March 31,September 30, 2020, we held $170.6$170.3 million of AFS debt securities. We did not recognize any provision for credit losses with respect to our AFS debt securities during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2020 and there was no related credit loss allowance as of March 31,September 30, 2020.

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Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We seek to manage our risks related to the credit quality of our assets, interest rates, liquidity, prepayment speeds and market value while, at the same time, seeking to provide an opportunity to stockholders to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns through ownership of our capital stock. While we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we believe the risk can be quantified from historical experience and seek to actively manage that risk, to earn sufficient compensation to justify taking those risks and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we undertake. Our strategies for managing risk and our exposure to such risks, as described in Item 7A of our Form 10-K, have not changed materially since December 31, 2019 except as described below. However, many of those risks have been magnified due to the continuing economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Credit Risk

Our loans and investments are subject to credit risk. The performance and value of our loans and investments depend upon the owners’ ability to operate the properties that serve as our collateral so that they produce cash flows adequate to pay interest and principal due to us. To monitor this risk, our asset management team reviews our investment portfolios and is in regular contact with our borrowers, monitoring performance of the collateral and enforcing our rights as necessary.

We seek to further manage credit risk associated with our Investing and Servicing Segment loans held-for-sale through the purchase of credit index instruments. The following table presents our credit index instruments as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

   

Face Value of

   

Aggregate Notional Value of

  

Number of

 

    

Face Value of

    

Aggregate Notional Value of

    

Number of

Loans Held-for-Sale

Credit Index Instruments

Credit Index Instruments

 

Loans Held-for-Sale

Credit Index Instruments

Credit Index Instruments

March 31, 2020

$

185,535

$

69,000

 

4

September 30, 2020

$

266,370

$

69,000

 

4

December 31, 2019

$

160,635

$

89,000

 

5

$

160,635

$

89,000

 

5

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the commercial real estate markets, causing reduced occupancy, requests from tenants for rent deferral or abatement, and delays in construction and development and infrastructure projects currently planned or underway. These negative conditions have continued, and may persistcontinue into the future and impair our borrowers’ ability to pay principal and interest due to us under our loan agreements and our tenants’ ability to pay rent under various lease arrangements. We maintain a robust

As discussed above, our asset management relationshipteam reviews our investment portfolios and is in regular contact with our borrowers, monitoring performance of the collateral and tenants, andenforcing our rights as necessary. We have utilized these relationships to address the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic onto the assets which secure our loans, secured by properties experiencing cash flow pressure, most significantlyparticularly hospitality assets, and on our property assets. Some of our borrowers have indicated that due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, they will be unable to timely execute their business plans, have had to temporarily close their businesses, or have experienced other negative business consequences. As a result, theyconsequences which have led to cash flow pressures at the underlying properties. In some cases, these borrowers have requested temporary interest deferral or forbearance, or other modifications of their loans, or rent deferral or forbearance on their leases.loans.

Discussions we have had with our borrowers and tenants have addressed potential near-term defensive loan or lease modifications, which could include repurposing of reserves, temporary deferrals of interest, or rent, or performance test or covenant waivers on loans collateralized by assets directly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

While noAs discussed above, we have granted loan or lease modifications to certain of this nature have been closedour borrowers. Although we continue to date, and we believe that the principal amounts of our assets are generally adequately protected by underlying collateral value, there is a risk that we will not realize the entire principal value of certain investments.

Capital Market Risk

We are exposed to risks related to the equity capital markets and our related ability to raise capital through the issuance of our common stock or other equity instruments. We are also exposed to risks related to the debt capital markets, and our related ability to finance our business through borrowings under repurchase obligations or other debt

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instruments. As a REIT, we are required to distribute a significant portion of our taxable income annually, which constrains our ability to accumulate operating cash flow and therefore requires us to utilize debt or equity capital to

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finance our business. We seek to mitigate these risks by monitoring the debt and equity capital markets to inform our decisions on the amount, timing and terms of capital we raise.

The COVID-19 pandemic has also resulted in extreme volatility in a variety of global markets, including the real estate-related debt markets. We may receive margin calls from our lenders as a result of the decline in the market value of the loans or other assets pledged by us to our lenders under our repurchase agreements and warehouse credit facilities, and if we fail to resolve such margin calls when due by payment of cash or delivery of additional collateral, the lenders may exercise remedies including demanding payment by us of our aggregate outstanding financing obligations and/or taking ownership of the loans or other assets securing the applicable obligations.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations, as well as other factors beyond our control. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our investments and the related financing obligations. In general, we seek to match the interest rate characteristics of our investments with the interest rate characteristics of any related financing obligations such as repurchase agreements, bank credit facilities, term loans, revolving facilities and securitizations. In instances where the interest rate characteristics of an investment and the related financing obligation are not matched, we mitigate such interest rate risk through the utilization of interest rate derivatives of the same duration. The following table presents financial instruments where we have utilized interest rate derivatives to hedge interest rate risk and the related interest rate derivatives as of March 31,September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

    

   

Aggregate Notional

   

 

    

    

Aggregate Notional

    

 

Face Value of

Value of Interest

Number of Interest

 

Face Value of

Value of Interest

Number of Interest

 

Hedged Instruments

Rate Derivatives

Rate Derivatives

 

Hedged Instruments

Rate Derivatives

Rate Derivatives

 

Instrument hedged as of March 31, 2020

Loans held-for-investment, residential

$

276,661

$

87,800

 

3

Instrument hedged as of September 30, 2020

Loans held-for-sale

1,078,350

550,400

 

30

1,008,476

566,400

 

47

RMBS, available-for-sale

 

271,997

 

85,000

 

2

 

260,260

 

421,000

 

4

CMBS, fair value option

158,733

71,000

2

130,934

71,000

2

HTM debt securities

18,156

18,156

1

17,082

17,082

1

Secured financing agreements

 

684,662

1,398,868

 

12

 

925,317

1,631,573

 

24

Unsecured senior notes

 

1,000,000

970,000

 

2

 

1,000,000

970,000

 

2

$

3,488,559

$

3,181,224

 

52

$

3,342,069

$

3,677,055

 

80

Instrument hedged as of December 31, 2019

Loans held-for-investment, residential

$

654,925

$

169,200

 

8

$

654,925

$

169,200

 

8

Loans held-for-sale

747,779

344,900

 

24

747,779

344,900

 

24

RMBS, available-for-sale

 

278,853

 

85,000

 

2

 

278,853

 

85,000

 

2

HTM debt securities

18,784

18,784

1

18,784

18,784

1

Secured financing agreements

 

693,496

1,423,881

 

14

 

693,496

1,423,881

 

14

Unsecured senior notes

 

1,000,000

970,000

 

2

 

1,000,000

970,000

 

2

$

3,393,837

$

3,011,765

 

51

$

3,393,837

$

3,011,765

 

51

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The following table summarizes the estimated annual change in net investment income for our variable rate investments and our variable rate debt assuming increases or decreases in LIBOR or other applicable index rates and adjusted for the effects of our interest rate hedging activities (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

 

Variable rate

    

    

    

    

 

Variable rate

    

    

    

    

investments and

2.0%

1.0%

1.0%

2.0%

investments and

1.0%

0.5%

0.5%

1.0%

Income (Expense) Subject to Interest Rate Sensitivity

indebtedness (1)

Increase

Increase

Decrease

Decrease

indebtedness (1)

Increase

Increase

Decrease

Decrease

Investment income from variable rate investments

$

10,316,500

$

163,739

$

64,867

$

(29,674)

$

(35,869)

$

10,562,374

$

40,504

$

16,251

$

(4,176)

$

(4,303)

Interest expense from variable rate debt, net of interest rate derivatives

 

(7,646,054)

 

(166,809)

 

(83,228)

 

77,686

 

84,576

 

(7,266,674)

 

(78,864)

 

(38,941)

 

11,425

 

12,724

Net investment income from variable rate instruments

$

2,670,446

$

(3,070)

$

(18,361)

$

48,012

$

48,707

$

3,295,700

$

(38,360)

$

(22,690)

$

7,249

$

8,421

Impact per diluted shares outstanding

$

(0.01)

$

(0.06)

$

0.17

$

0.17

$

(0.13)

$

(0.08)

$

0.03

$

0.03

(1)Includes the notional value of interest rate derivatives.

LIBOR Transition Risk

In July 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. There is currently no certainty regarding the future utilization of LIBOR or of any particular replacement rate (although the secured overnight financing rate has been proposed as an alternative to U.S.-dollar LIBOR). As indicated in the Interest Rate Risk section above, a substantial portion of our loans, investment securities, borrowings and interest rate derivatives are indexed to LIBOR or similar reference rates. Market participants anticipate that financial instruments tied to LIBOR will require transition to an alternative reference rate if LIBOR is no longer available. Our LIBOR-based loan agreements and borrowing arrangements generally specify alternative reference rates such as the prime rate and federal funds rate, respectively. The potential effect of the discontinuation of LIBOR on our interest income and expense cannot yet be determined and any changes to benchmark interest rates could increase our financing costs and/or result in mismatches between the interest rates of our investments and the corresponding financings.

Foreign Currency Risk

We intend to hedge our currency exposures in a prudent manner. However, our currency hedging strategies may not eliminate all of our currency risk due to, among other things, uncertainties in the timing and/or amount of payments received on the related investments, and/or unequal, inaccurate, or unavailable hedges to perfectly offset changes in future exchange rates. Additionally, we may be required under certain circumstances to collateralize our currency hedges for the benefit of the hedge counterparty, which could adversely affect our liquidity.

Consistent with our strategy of hedging foreign currency exposure on certain investments, we typically enter into a series of forwards to fix the U.S. dollar amount of foreign currency denominated cash flows (interest income, rental income and principal payments) we expect to receive from our foreign currency denominated investments. Accordingly, the notional values and expiration dates of our foreign currency hedges approximate the amounts and timing of future payments we expect to receive on the related investments.

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The following table represents our current currency hedge exposure as it relates to our investments denominated in foreign currencies, along with the aggregate notional amount of the hedges in place (amounts in thousands except for number of contracts) using the March 31,September 30, 2020 GBP closing rate of 1.2418, Euro (“EUR”)1.2916, EUR closing rate of 1.10331.1722 and Australian Dollar (“AUD”)AUD closing rate of 0.6135.0.7161.

Carrying Value of Net Investment

Carrying Value of Net Investment

Local Currency

Number of
Foreign Exchange Contracts

Aggregate Notional Value of Hedges Applied

Expiration Range of Contracts

Carrying Value of Net Investment

Local Currency

Number of
Foreign Exchange Contracts

Aggregate Notional Value of Hedges Applied

Expiration Range of Contracts

$

91,298

GBP

2

$

90,954

May 2020 – December 2023

78,924

AUD

12

$

86,564

November 2021

15,315

EUR

108

15,193

August 2020 – July 2021

18,356

GBP

9

27,287

October 2020 – December 2023

28,475

GBP

1

35,311

July 2023

24,346

EUR

124

22,581

October 2020 – October 2021

GBP

4

5,995

June 2020

29,805

GBP

1

36,727

July 2023

69,162

GBP

23

77,299

April 2020 – January 2022

79,284

GBP

22

83,212

October 2020 – January 2022

41,628

EUR

16

45,535

May 2020 – March 2022

59,075

EUR

39

64,005

November 2020 – March 2023

22,181

EUR

40

30,038

May 2020 – August 2022

28,275

EUR

48

31,555

November 2020 – August 2022

89,466

GBP

10

101,560

April 2020 – January 2022

109,658

GBP

20

119,540

October 2020 – January 2024

60,911

GBP

12

56,244

April 2021

73,481

GBP

16

60,557

April 2021

2,112

AUD

1

3,474

August 2021

5,794

EUR

8

7,191

November 2020 – July 2022

23,083

EUR

28

30,718

May 2020 – June 2023

11,692

GBP

8

14,479

November 2020 – July 2022

42,336

EUR

11

57,612

May 2020 – November 2022

76

AUD

1

4,055

August 2021

38,405

EUR

23

48,800

June 2020 – November 2025

24,478

EUR

24

31,434

November 2020 – June 2023

26,631 

GBP

7

31,690

June 2020 – December 2021

39,553

EUR

11

60,752

November 2020 – November 2022

54,980

GBP

28

67,768

May 2020 – November 2021

40,834

EUR

21

50,374

December 2020 – November 2025

22,855

AUD

6

27,074

November 2021

11,074

EUR

7

14,954

November 2020-November 2023

7,425

EUR

4

10,053

June 2022

46,268

GBP

17

61,098

November 2020-May 2024

8,626 

GBP

9

12,826

June 2020 – April 2022

57,681

GBP

20

67,135

November 2020 – November 2021

11,217

EUR

8

13,068

June 2022

10,058

GBP

7

12,956

December 2020 – April 2022

$

609,632

333

$

748,144

759,929

423

$

869,524

Real Estate Risk

The market values of commercial and residential mortgage assets are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic discussed above, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate conditions; changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay the underlying loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.

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Item 4.    Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. No change in internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended March 31,September 30, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings.

Currently, no material legal proceedings are pending or, to our knowledge, threatened or contemplated against us, that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors.

Except as disclosedset forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Form 10-K.

Risks Related to Our Company

The global COVID-19 pandemic is having, and will likely continue to have, an adverse impact on our operations and financial performance, as well as on the operations and financial performance of many of the borrowers underlying our real estate-related assets and tenants of our owned properties. We are unable to predict the extent to which the pandemic and related impacts will continue to adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 has since spread to over 200 countries and territories, including every state in the United States and in cities and regions where our corporate headquarters and/or properties that secure our investments, or properties that we own, are located. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and since then, numerous countries, including the United States, have declared national emergencies with respect to COVID-19.

Our operations and financial performance have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that has caused, and is expected to continue to cause, the global slowdown of economic activity and significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. Because the severity, magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences are uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict, the pandemic’s impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, remains uncertain and difficult to predict. Further, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders depends on many factors that are not within our control, including, but not limited, to: governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic (including quarantine and “stay-at-home” orders, restrictions on travel and transport, school closures, limits on the operations of non-essential businesses and other workforce pressures); the impact of the pandemic, and actions taken in response thereto, on global and regional economies and economic activity;activity, including concerns regarding additional surges of the pandemic or the expansion of the economic impact thereof as a result of certain jurisdictions “re-opening” or otherwise lifting certain restrictions prematurely; the availability of U.S. federal, state, local or non-U.S. funding programs aimed at supporting the economy during the COVID 19-pandemic, including uncertainties regarding the potential implementation of new or extended programs; general economic uncertainty in key global markets and financial market volatility; global economic conditions and levels of economic growth; and the pace of recovery when the COVID-19 pandemic subsides.

The COVID-19 pandemic and “stay-at-home” and other measures implemented to prevent its spread and any extended period of economic slowdown or recession could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, among other matters. We expect that these adverse effects are likely to continue as long as the outbreak persists and potentially even longer. Although it is difficult to predict the magnitude of the business and economic implications, the COVID-19 outbreak could affect us in various ways, including, among other factors:

the decline in the value of commercial and residential real estate, which negatively impacts the value of our investments, potentially materially.
the negative impact on the financial stability of borrowers underlying our real estate-related assets and infrastructure loans, which is expected to increase significantly the number of borrowers who become delinquent or default on their loans, or who seek to defer payment on, or refinance, their loans. Assets relating

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to certain property types are more likely to experience particular stress as a result of the impact of COVID-19, including in particular assets secured by hotel, multifamily and retail properties. The borrowers underlying these assets, and the tenants at such properties, are facing operational and financial hardships resulting from the

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spread of COVID-19 and related governmental measures. For example, certain of the hotel and retail properties securing our assets were or continue to be required to temporarily close or limit their operations significantly as a result of COVID-19 and related governmental measures, which has had a material adverse effect on the businesses of the applicable borrowers. If the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic continue and the restrictions put in place are not lifted, the businesses of such borrowers, and the tenants at such properties, could continue to suffer materially or such borrowers and tenants could become insolvent.

We have been engaged in discussions with certainour borrowers, underlying our real estate-related assets and infrastructure loans, some of whom have indicated that, due to the impact of the  COVID-19 pandemic, they have been unable to timely execute their business plans, have had to temporarily close their businesses or have experienced other negative business consequences and have requested or indicated that they will be requesting interest or principal deferral or other modifications of their loans. We therefore anticipate more frequent modifications of our loans and potentially instances of default or foreclosure on assets underlying our loans.

To the extent that borrowers underlying our real estate-related assets and infrastructure loans that have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic do not timely remit payments of principal and interest relating to their respective real estate-related assets, the value of such assets will likely be impaired, potentially materially. Failure to receive interest when due may adversely affect our liquidity and therefore our ability to fund our operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis.

we may receive margin calls from our lenders as a result of the decline in the market value of the loans or other assets pledged by us to our lenders under our repurchase agreements and warehouse credit facilities, and if we fail to resolve such margin calls when due by payment of cash or delivery of additional collateral, the lenders may exercise remedies including demanding payment by us of our aggregate outstanding financing obligations and/or taking ownership of the loans or other assets securing the applicable obligations.  We may not have the funds available to repay such financing obligations, and we may be unable to raise the funds from alternative sources on favorable terms or at all. Forced sales of the loans or other assets that secure our financing obligations in order to pay outstanding financing obligations may be on terms less favorable to us than might otherwise be available in a regularly functioning market and could result in deficiency judgments and other claims against us.
the adverse effect on the financial stability of the tenants in the retail and multifamily properties that we own, which is expected to negatively impact the ability of such tenants to make their rental payments to us on a timely basis or at all. To the extent the number of tenants who are unable to make timely rental payments to us increases significantly, the value of these property investments will likely be impaired, potentially materially. In addition, as a result of the foregoing, these properties may not generate sufficient funds to pay principal and interest on the mortgage loans secured by such properties or may otherwise fail to satisfy financial covenants applicable under the terms of such loans. In this regard, we may enter into agreements with certain of our tenants to allow, among other items, for a deferral of some portion of the rent owed to us for an agreed-upon period of time. Failure to receive rent when due may adversely affect our liquidity and therefore our ability to fund our operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis.
if we fail to meet or satisfy any of the covenants in our repurchase agreements, warehouse credit facilities or other financing arrangements as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we would be in default under these agreements, which could result in a cross-default or cross-acceleration under other financing arrangements, and our lenders could elect to declare outstanding amounts due and payable (or such amounts may automatically become due and payable), terminate their commitments, require the posting of additional collateral and enforce their respective interests against existing collateral.
as a result of the decline in the market value of the loans in our collateralized loan obligation (the “CLO”), we may not meet certain interest coverage tests, overcollateralization coverage tests or other tests that could result in a change in the priority of distributions, which could result in the reduction or elimination of distributions to the subordinate debt and equity tranches we own until the tests have been met or certain senior classes of securities have been paid in full. Accordingly, we may experience a reduction in our cash flow from those interests which may adversely affect our liquidity and therefore our ability to fund our operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis.

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difficulty accessing debt and equity capital on attractive terms, or at all, and a severe disruption and instability in the global financial markets or deteriorations in credit and financing conditions, which may adversely affect our access to capital necessary to fund our operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis, as well as the ability of borrowers underlying our real estate-related assets and infrastructure loans, or of tenants of the properties we own, to meet their obligations to us.

The adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic could adversely affect our liquidity position and could limit our ability to grow our business and fully execute our business strategy. We expect to preserve and build our liquidity to best position the Company to weather near-term market uncertainty, satisfy our loan future funding and financing obligations and to potentially make opportunistic new investments, which will cause us to take some or all of the following actions: raise capital from offerings of securities, borrow additional capital, sell assets, pay our management and incentive fees in shares of our class A common stock (as will bewas done for the quarter ended March 31, 2020) and /orand/or change our dividend practice, including by reducing the amount of, or temporarily suspending, our future dividends or paying our future dividends in kind for some period of time.

uncertainties created by the COVID-19 pandemic may make it difficult to estimate provisions for loan losses.
a general decline in business activity and demand for mortgage financing, servicing and other real estate and real estate-related transactions, which could adversely affect our ability to make newsource attractive investments or to redeploy the proceeds from repayments of our existing investments.
temporary, prolonged or permanent changes involving our investment activities; to the extent we elect or are required to limit or be more selective in making investments, we may strain our relationships or reputation with borrowers, business partners and counterparties, breach actual or perceived obligations to them, or be subject to litigation and claims from such borrowers, business partners and counterparties.
prolonged closures of, or other operational issues at, properties that secure our investments, or properties that we own.
the long-term impact on the market for office properties in the event a significant number of businesses determine to continue to utilize large-scale work-from-home policies as the COVID-19 pandemic continues and thereafter.
government-mandated moratoriums on the construction, development or redevelopment of properties underlying our construction or rehabilitation loans, or with respect to infrastructure projects, may prevent the completion, on a timely basis or at all, of such projects. CertainThe repayment of construction or rehabilitation loans often depends on the borrower’s ability to secure permanent “take-out” financing, which requires the successful completion of construction and stabilization of the project, or operation of the property with an income stream sufficient to meet operating expenses. Similarly, because the loan structure for project finance relies primarily on the underlying project’s cash flows for repayment, the ability of the project company to repay a project finance loan is dependent upon the successful development, construction and/or operation of such project rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the project company.  Accordingly, if a project cannot be completed on a timely basis or at all as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and related governmental measures, the ability to repay the applicable loan will likely be impaired. In addition, certain of such projects may rely on tax credits which may be available only if construction is completed by certain deadlines, which may not be met because of such moratoriums.

To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in the Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors.”

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Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

There were no unregistered sales of securities during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2020.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information regarding ourThere were no purchases of common stock during the quarterthree months ended March 31, 2020:September 30, 2020.

Number of shares

Value of shares available

Average

purchased as part of

for purchase

Total number of

repurchase

publicly announced

under the program

Period

shares purchased

price per share

program (1)

(in thousands)

March 2020

1,925,421

$

14.95

1,925,421

$

371,170 

(1)In February 2020, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $400.0 million of our outstanding common shares and convertible senior notes over a period of one year.

Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information.

None.

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Item 6.  Exhibits.

(a)

Index to Exhibits

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.

Description

3.1

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Starwood Property Trust, Inc., effective as of March 16, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 20, 2020)

31.1

Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1

Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2

Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC.

Date: May 4,November 5, 2020

By:

/s/ BARRY S. STERNLICHT

Barry S. Sternlicht
Chief Executive Officer
Principal Executive Officer

Date: May 4,November 5, 2020

By:

/s/ RINA PANIRY

Rina Paniry
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer

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