UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)



☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the Quarterly Period Ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020

or

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the transition period from to

Commission file number 1-12154

Waste Management, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware	73-1309529
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

1001 Fannin Street

Houston, Texas 77002

(Address of principal executive offices)

(713) 512-6200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	WM	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
		Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of the registrant outstanding at ~~May 1,~~October 28, 2020 was ~~422,025,023~~422,606,194 (excluding treasury shares of ~~208,257,438)~~207,676,267).

PART I.

Item 1. Financial Statements.

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In Millions, Except Share and Par Value Amounts)


	March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,125	$	3,561	$	703	$	3,561
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $28 and $28, respectively		1,846		1,949
Other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5 and $1, respectively		322		370
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $34 and $28, respectively						1,927		1,949
Other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $6 and $1, respectively						290		370
Parts and supplies		116		106		117		106
Other assets		226		223		320		223
Total current assets		5,635		6,209		3,357		6,209
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $18,763 and $18,657, respectively		12,900		12,893
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $19,266 and $18,657, respectively						12,846		12,893
Goodwill		6,498		6,532		6,504		6,532
Other intangible assets, net		494		521		450		521
Restricted trust and escrow accounts		386		313		369		313
Investments in unconsolidated entities		451		483		425		483
Other assets		814		792		821		792
Total assets	$	27,178	$	27,743	$	24,772	$	27,743
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,031	$	1,065	$	884	$	1,065
Accrued liabilities		1,155		1,327		1,259		1,327
Deferred revenues		497		534		496		534
Current portion of long-term debt		387		218		167		218
Total current liabilities		3,070		3,144		2,806		3,144
Long-term debt, less current portion		13,065		13,280		10,255		13,280
Deferred income taxes		1,387		1,407		1,468		1,407
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities		1,991		1,930		2,037		1,930
Other liabilities		920		912		1,049		912
Total liabilities		20,433		20,673		17,615		20,673
Commitments and contingencies
Equity:
Waste Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 1,500,000,000 shares authorized; 630,282,461 shares issued		6		6		6		6
Additional paid-in capital		5,026		5,049		5,104		5,049
Retained earnings		10,718		10,592		10,952		10,592
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(91)		(8)		(16)		(8)
Treasury stock at cost, 208,287,304 and 205,956,366 shares, respectively		(8,916)		(8,571)
Treasury stock at cost, 207,695,158 and 205,956,366 shares, respectively						(8,891)		(8,571)
Total Waste Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity		6,743		7,068		7,155		7,068
Noncontrolling interests		2		2		2		2
Total equity		6,745		7,070		7,157		7,070
Total liabilities and equity	$	27,178	$	27,743	$	24,772	$	27,743

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In Millions, Except per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended

March 31,


2020

2019
Operating revenues

$
3,729

$
3,696
Costs and expenses:



Operating

2,329

2,298
Selling, general and administrative

425

409
Depreciation and amortization

402

366
Restructuring

—

2

3,156

3,075
Income from operations

573

621
Other income (expense):



Interest expense, net

(112)

(96)
Equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities

(26)

(9)
Other, net

—

(54)

(138)

(159)
Income before income taxes

435

462
Income tax expense

74

115
Consolidated net income

361

347
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests

—

—
Net income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.

$
361

$
347
Basic earnings per common share

$
0.85

$
0.82
Diluted earnings per common share

$
0.85

$
0.81


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating revenues	$	3,861	$	3,967	$	11,151	$	11,609
Costs and expenses:
Operating		2,332		2,441		6,841		7,182
Selling, general and administrative		416		386		1,218		1,186
Depreciation and amortization		419		404		1,235		1,179
Restructuring		7		1		9		3
(Gain) loss from divestitures, asset impairments and unusual items, net		7		1		68		8
		3,181		3,233		9,371		9,558
Income from operations		680		734		1,780		2,051
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net		(97)		(105)		(328)		(301)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt		(52)		(1)		(52)		(85)
Equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities		(16)		(14)		(56)		(39)
Other, net		1		1		2		(52)
		(164)		(119)		(434)		(477)
Income before income taxes		516		615		1,346		1,574
Income tax expense		126		120		288		350
Consolidated net income		390		495		1,058		1,224
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		1
Net income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.	$	390	$	495	$	1,058	$	1,223
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.92	$	1.17	$	2.50	$	2.88
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.92	$	1.16	$	2.49	$	2.86

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In Millions)

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended

March 31,

2020

2019
Consolidated net income
$
361

$
347
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:




Derivative instruments, net

2

2
Available-for-sale securities, net

(9)

5
Foreign currency translation adjustments

(76)

28
Post-retirement benefit obligation, net

—

(1)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

(83)

34
Comprehensive income

278

381
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests

—

—
Comprehensive income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.
$
278

$
381


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Consolidated net income	$	390	$	495	$	1,058	$	1,224
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Derivative instruments, net		4		2		9		6
Available-for-sale securities, net		2		4		7		13
Foreign currency translation adjustments		19		(17)		(23)		36
Post-retirement benefit obligations, net		—		—		(1)		(1)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		25		(11)		(8)		54
Comprehensive income		415		484		1,050		1,278
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		1
Comprehensive income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.	$	415	$	484	$	1,050	$	1,277

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Millions)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Consolidated net income	$	361	$	347	$	1,058	$	1,224
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		402		366		1,235		1,179
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)		(4)		1
Deferred income tax benefit						61		29
Interest accretion on landfill liabilities		24		23		75		72
Provision for bad debts		14		10		40		27
Equity-based compensation expense		13		27		74		62
Net gain on disposal of assets		(3)		(2)		(10)		(19)
Loss from divestitures, asset impairments and other, net		7		55
(Gain) loss from divestitures, asset impairments and other, net						76		79
Equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities, net of dividends		19		9		48		39
Loss on early extinguishment of debt						52		85
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures:
Receivables		127		212		76		(2)
Other current assets		(10)		(9)		(47)		(52)
Other assets		1		(3)		41		7
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(123)		(117)		(62)		213
Deferred revenues and other liabilities		(63)		(29)		(67)		(91)
Net cash provided by operating activities		765		890		2,650		2,852
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired		(1)		(394)		(3)		(513)
Capital expenditures		(459)		(471)		(1,238)		(1,532)
Proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets (net of cash divested)		12		12		20		29
Other, net		(55)		53		(20)		(80)
Net cash used in investing activities		(503)		(800)		(1,241)		(2,096)
Cash flows from financing activities:
New borrowings		—		—		231		4,558
Debt repayments		(25)		(56)		(3,942)		(502)
Net commercial paper borrowings		—		357
Premiums paid on early extinguishment of debt						(30)		(84)
Net commercial paper borrowings (repayments)						597		(1,001)
Common stock repurchase program		(402)		(68)		(402)		(248)
Cash dividends		(236)		(223)		(696)		(658)
Exercise of common stock options		31		25		49		60
Tax payments associated with equity-based compensation transactions		(33)		(30)		(34)		(32)
Other, net		(3)		37		(17)		(13)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(668)		42
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities						(4,244)		2,080
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents		(4)		—		1		1
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents		(410)		132
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents						(2,834)		2,837
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		3,647		183		3,647		183
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	3,237	$	315	$	813	$	3,020

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,125	$	57	$	703	$	2,915
Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in other current assets		40		97		42		31
Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in restricted trust and escrow accounts		72		161		68		74
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	3,237	$	315	$	813	$	3,020

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED ~~STATEMENTS~~STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(In Millions, Except Shares in Thousands)

(Unaudited)


			Waste Management, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity
										Accumulated
						Additional				Other
			Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury Stock			Noncontrolling
	Total		Shares	Amounts		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Shares	Amounts		Interests
Three Months Ended September 30:
2020
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	6,893	630,282	$	6	$	5,040	$	10,795	$	(41)	(208,118)	$	(8,909)	$	2
Consolidated net income		390	—		—		—		390		—	—		—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		25	—		—		—		—		25	—		—		—
Cash dividends declared of $0.545 per common share		(230)	—		—		—		(230)		—	—		—		—
Equity-based compensation transactions, net		80	—		—		64		(2)		—	422		18		—
Common stock repurchase program		—	—		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Other, net		(1)	—		—		—		(1)		—	1		—		—
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	7,157	630,282	$	6	$	5,104	$	10,952	$	(16)	(207,695)	$	(8,891)	$	2

2019
Balance, June 30, 2019	$	6,467	630,282	$	6	$	4,962	$	10,088	$	(22)	(206,482)	$	(8,568)	$	1
Consolidated net income		495	—		—		—		495		—	—		—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(11)	—		—		—		—		(11)	—		—		—
Cash dividends declared of $0.5125 per common share		(218)	—		—		—		(218)		—	—		—		—
Equity-based compensation transactions, net		53	—		—		28		(1)		—	613		26		—
Common stock repurchase program		—	—		—		36		—		—	(254)		(36)		—
Other, net		1	—		—		—		—		—	1		—		1
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	6,787	630,282	$	6	$	5,026	$	10,364	$	(33)	(206,122)	$	(8,578)	$	2

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY ─ (Continued)

(In Millions, Except Shares in Thousands)

(Unaudited)


			Waste Management, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity																Waste Management, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity
										Accumulated																Accumulated
						Additional				Other												Additional				Other
			Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury Stock			Noncontrolling				Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury Stock			Noncontrolling
	Total		Shares	Amounts		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Shares	Amounts		Interests		Total		Shares	Amounts		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Shares	Amounts		Interests
Nine Months Ended September 30:
2020
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	7,070	630,282	$	6	$	5,049	$	10,592	$	(8)	(205,956)	$	(8,571)	$	2	$	7,070	630,282	$	6	$	5,049	$	10,592	$	(8)	(205,956)	$	(8,571)	$	2
Adoption of new accounting standard		(2)	—		—		—		(2)		—	—		—		—		(2)	—		—		—		(2)		—	—		—		—
Consolidated net income		361	—		—		—		361		—	—		—		—		1,058	—		—		—		1,058		—	—		—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(83)	—		—		—		—		(83)	—		—		—		(8)	—		—		—		—		(8)	—		—		—
Cash dividends declared of $0.545 per common share		(236)	—		—		—		(236)		—	—		—		—
Cash dividends declared of $1.635 per common share																		(696)	—		—		—		(696)		—	—		—		—
Equity-based compensation transactions, net		37	—		—		(23)		3		—	1,355		57		—		138	—		—		55		1		—	1,945		82		—
Common stock repurchase program		(402)	—		—		—		—		—	(3,687)		(402)		—		(402)	—		—		—		—		—	(3,687)		(402)		—
Other, net		—	—		—		—		—		—	1		—		—		(1)	—		—		—		(1)		—	3		—		—
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	6,745	630,282	$	6	$	5,026	$	10,718	$	(91)	(208,287)	$	(8,916)	$	2
Balance, September 30, 2020																	$	7,157	630,282	$	6	$	5,104	$	10,952	$	(16)	(207,695)	$	(8,891)	$	2

2019
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	6,276	630,282	$	6	$	4,993	$	9,797	$	(87)	(206,299)	$	(8,434)	$	1	$	6,276	630,282	$	6	$	4,993	$	9,797	$	(87)	(206,299)	$	(8,434)	$	1
Consolidated net income		347	—		—		—		347		—	—		—		—		1,224	—		—		—		1,223		—	—		—		1
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		34	—		—		—		—		34	—		—		—		54	—		—		—		—		54	—		—		—
Cash dividends declared of $0.5125 per common share		(223)	—		—		—		(223)		—	—		—		—
Cash dividends declared of $1.5375 per common share																		(658)	—		—		—		(658)		—	—		—		—
Equity-based compensation transactions, net		46	—		—		(15)		3		—	1,421		58		—		135	—		—		33		2		—	2,421		100		—
Common stock repurchase program		(64)	—		—		—		—		—	(679)		(64)		—		(244)	—		—		—		—		—	(2,247)		(244)		—
Other, net		1	—		—		—		—		—	1		—		1		—	—		—		—		—		—	3		—		—
Balance, March 31, 2019	$	6,417	630,282	$	6	$	4,978	$	9,924	$	(53)	(205,556)	$	(8,440)	$	2
Balance, September 30, 2019																	$	6,787	630,282	$	6	$	5,026	$	10,364	$	(33)	(206,122)	$	(8,578)	$	2

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1.Basis of Presentation

The financial statements presented in this report represent the consolidation of Waste Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation; its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries; and certain variable interest entities for which Waste Management, Inc. or its subsidiaries are the primary beneficiaries as described in Note 13. Waste Management, Inc. is a holding company and all operations are conducted by its subsidiaries. When the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are used in this document, those terms refer to Waste Management, Inc., its consolidated subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities. When we use the term “WM,” we are referring only to Waste Management, Inc., the parent holding company.

We evaluate, oversee and manage the financial performance of our Solid Waste business subsidiaries through our 17 Areas. We also provide additional services that are not managed through our Solid Waste business, which are presented in this report as “Other.” Additional information related to our segments is included in Note 7.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and 2019 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments, which, unless otherwise disclosed, are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity for the periods presented. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. The financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

In preparing our financial statements, we make numerous estimates and assumptions that affect the accounting for and recognition and disclosure of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses. We must make these estimates and assumptions because certain information that we use is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with precision from available data or simply cannot be calculated. In some cases, these estimates are difficult to determine, and we must exercise significant judgment. In preparing our financial statements, the most difficult, subjective and complex estimates and the assumptions that present the greatest amount of uncertainty relate to our accounting for landfills, environmental remediation liabilities, long-lived asset impairments and reserves associated with our insured and self-insured claims. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions that we use in the preparation of our financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We generally recognize revenue as services are performed or products are delivered. For example, revenue typically is recognized as waste is collected, tons are received at our landfills or transfer stations, or recycling commodities are collected or delivered as product. We bill for certain services prior to performance. Such services include, among others, certain commercial and residential contracts and equipment rentals. These advance billings are included in deferred revenues and recognized as revenue in the period service is provided. Substantially all our deferred revenues during the reported periods are realized as revenues within one to three months when the related services are performed.

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Contract Acquisition Costs

Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consist primarily of sales incentives, are generally deferred and amortized to selling, general and administrative expense over the estimated life of the relevant customer relationship, ranging from 5 to 13 years. ~~Contract acquisition costs that are paid to the customer are deferred and amortized as a reduction in revenue over the contract life.~~ Our contract acquisition costs are classified as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize amortization and are included in other assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had ~~$163~~$160 million and $153 million, respectively, of deferred contract costs, of which ~~$118 million and~~ $117 million ~~respectively,~~at each date was related to deferred sales incentives. ~~For~~During the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we amortized $6 million and $17 million of sales incentives to selling, general and administrative expense, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, ~~amortization~~we amortized $6 million and $17 million of ~~our deferred contract costs was not material~~sales incentives to ~~our results of operations.~~selling, general and administrative expense, respectively.

Leases

Amounts for our operating lease right-of-use assets are recorded in long-term other assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The current and long-term portion of our operating lease liabilities are reflected in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations for our operating leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were $80 million and $146 million, respectively. Amounts for our financing leases are recorded in property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, and current or long-term debt in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, as appropriate.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments held within our restricted trust and escrow accounts, and accounts receivable. We make efforts to control our exposure to credit risk associated with these instruments by (i) placing our assets and other financial interests with a diverse group of credit-worthy financial institutions; (ii) holding high-quality financial instruments while limiting investments in any one instrument and (iii) maintaining strict policies over credit extension that include credit evaluations, credit limits and monitoring procedures, although generally we do not have collateral requirements for credit extensions. We also control our exposure associated with trade receivables by discontinuing service, to the extent allowable, to non-paying customers. However, our overall credit risk associated with trade receivables is limited due to the large number and diversity of customers we serve.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

~~Financial~~Financial Instruments-Credit Losses — In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 associated with the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. On January 1, 2020, we adopted this ASU using the modified retrospective transition method. The amended guidance replaced the previous incurred loss impairment methodology of recognizing credit losses when a loss is probable, with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to assess credit loss estimates. This expected loss model generally results in earlier recognition of an allowance for losses. We recognized a net $2 million after tax decrease to retained earnings as of January 1, 2020 for the cumulative impact of adopting the amended guidance.

Our receivables, which are recorded when billed, when services are performed or when cash is advanced, are claims against third parties that will generally be settled in cash. The carrying value of our receivables, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, represents the estimated net realizable value. Past-due receivable balances are written off when our internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful. Also, we recognize interest income on long-term interest-bearing notes

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

receivable as the interest accrues under the terms of the notes. We no longer accrue interest once the notes are deemed uncollectible.

The following table reflects the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts of trade receivables for the nine months ended September 30 (in millions):


	2020		2019
Balance as of January 1,	$	28	$	29
Adoption of new accounting standard		(1)		—
Additions charged to expense		40		27
Accounts written-off, net of recoveries		(29)		(31)
Acquisitions, divestitures and other, net		(4)		2
Balance as of September 30,	$	34	$	27

For trade receivables the Company relies upon, among other factors, historical loss trends, the age of outstanding receivables, and existing as well as expected economic conditions. Due to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, we recognized a $1 million pre-tax decrease to our allowance for doubtful accounts on trade receivables. We determined that all of our trade receivables share similar risk characteristics. We monitor our credit exposure on an ongoing basis and assess whether assets in the pool continue to display similar risk characteristics.

In January 2020, ~~the World Health Organization declared~~ a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and subsequently declared ~~COVID-19~~ a global pandemic in March 2020. ~~Our reserves established as of March 31, 2020 include consideration of the expected impact from~~Throughout the COVID-19 ~~pandemic.~~ pandemic, the Company has proactively taken steps to put our employees’ and customers’ needs first and we continue to work with the appropriate regulatory agencies to ensure we can provide our essential waste services safely and efficiently. With this in mind, during the first half of 2020 we extended payment terms and postponed collections and discontinuing of service for customers who were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic which contributed to an increase in the aging of outstanding balances. During the third quarter, improved economic conditions allowed us to return to more regular business practices, in accordance with our contractual terms.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we had ~~$1,846~~$1,927 million of trade receivables, net of allowance of ~~$28~~$34 million. ~~Approximately $5~~The allowance for doubtful accounts has increased by $6 million ~~of the reserves established as of March 31,~~during 2020, ~~are attributable~~largely due to ~~the expected impact from~~ the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on an aging analysis as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, approximately 90% of our trade receivables were outstanding less than 60 days.

~~The following table reflects the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts of trade receivables for the quarters ended March 31 (in millions):~~

2020

2019
Balance as of January 1

$
28

$
29
Adoption of new accounting standard

(1)

—
Additions charged to expense

14

10
Accounts written-off, net of recoveries

(12)

(11)
Acquisitions, divestitures and other, net

(1)

2
Balance as of March 31

$
28

$
30

For other receivables as well as loans and other instruments, the Company relies primarily on credit ratings and ~~their~~ associated default rates based on the maturity of the instrument. All receivables, as well as other instruments, are adjusted for our expectation of future market conditions and trends. Due to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, we recognized a $4 million pre-tax increase to our allowance for doubtful accounts on notes and other receivables. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we had ~~$494~~$453 million of notes and other receivables, net of allowance of $5$8 million. Based on an aging analysis as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, approximately 65% of our other receivables were due within 12 months or less.

Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement — In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15 associated with a customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. The amendments align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. Costs for implementation activities in the application development stage are capitalized as prepayments depending on the nature of the costs, while costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed as the activities are performed. The Company adopted this amended guidance on January 1, 2020 prospectively, and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Guarantor Financial Information— In March 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) adopted final rules that simplify the disclosure requirements related to certain registered securities under SEC Regulation S-X, Rules 3-10 and 3-16, permitting registrants to provide certain alternative financial disclosures and non-financial disclosures in lieu of separate consolidating financial statements for subsidiary issuers and guarantors of registered debt securities (which we previously included within the notes to our financial statements included in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q) if certain conditions are met. The disclosure requirements, as amended, are now located in newly-created Rules 13-01 and 13-02 of Regulation S-X and are generally effective for filings on or after January 4, 2021, with early adoption permitted. We early adopted the new disclosure requirements effective as of April 1, 2020 and are providing the summarized financial information and related disclosures in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Form 10-Q.

Reclassifications

When necessary, reclassifications have been made to our prior period financial information to conform to the current year presentation and are not material to our consolidated financial statements.

~~WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

2. Landfill and Environmental Remediation Liabilities

Liabilities for landfill and environmental remediation costs are presented in the table below (in millions):


	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019						September 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
			Environmental						Environmental						Environmental						Environmental
	Landfill		Remediation		Total		Landfill		Remediation		Total		Landfill		Remediation		Total		Landfill		Remediation		Total
Current (in accrued liabilities)	$	110	$	27	$	137	$	138	$	27	$	165	$	102	$	27	$	129	$	138	$	27	$	165
Long-term		1,770		221		1,991		1,717		213		1,930		1,826		211		2,037		1,717		213		1,930
	$	1,880	$	248	$	2,128	$	1,855	$	240	$	2,095	$	1,928	$	238	$	2,166	$	1,855	$	240	$	2,095

The changes to landfill and environmental remediation liabilities for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 are reflected in the table below (in millions):


			Environmental				Environmental
	Landfill		Remediation		Landfill		Remediation
December 31, 2019	$	1,855	$	240	$	1,855	$	240
Obligations incurred and capitalized		20		—		61		—
Obligations settled		(18)		(5)		(75)		(17)
Interest accretion		24		1		75		1
Revisions in estimates and interest rate assumptions (a)		3		12
Revisions in estimates and interest rate assumptions (a) (b)						30		14
Acquisitions, divestitures and other adjustments(c)		(4)		—		(18)		—
March 31, 2020	$	1,880	$	248
September 30, 2020					$	1,928	$	238

(a)

The amount reported for our landfill liabilities includes (i) a $10 million increase in estimated construction costs for capping at certain landfills and (ii) an increase of $8 million due to a business decision to close one of our landfills, which resulted in the acceleration of the expected timing of capping, closure and post-closure activities. This business decision also resulted in an impairment that is discussed in Note 9.

(b)	The amount reported for our environmental remediation liabilities includes an increase of $12 million due to a decrease in the risk-free discount rate used to measure our liabilities from 1.75% at December 31, 2019 to 0.75% at ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020.

(c)

The amount reported for landfill liabilities includes the reclassification of $17 million to accrued liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet related to certain landfills classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2020 in connection with the sale of the landfills to GFL Environmental Inc. The divestiture is directly related to the

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Advanced Disposal, Inc. (“Advanced Disposal”) acquisition. These transactions are discussed further in Notes 8 and 14.

At several of our landfills, we provide financial assurance by depositing cash into restricted trust funds or escrow accounts for purposes of settling final capping, closure, post-closure and environmental remediation obligations. Generally, these trust funds are established to comply with statutory requirements and operating agreements. See Note 13 for additional information related to these trusts.

3. Debt and Interest Rate Derivatives

The following table summarizes the major components of debt as of each balance sheet date (in millions) and provides the maturities and interest rate ranges of each major category as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020:


	March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Senior notes, maturing through 2049, interest rates ranging from 2.4% to 7.75% (weighted average interest rate of 3.9% as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019)	$	9,965	$	9,965
Commercial paper program (weighted average interest rate of 0.5% as of September 30, 2020)					$	600	$	—
Senior notes, maturing through 2049, interest rates ranging from 2.4% to 7.75% (weighted average interest rate of 4.1% as of September 30, 2020 and 3.9% as of December 31, 2019)						6,365		9,965
Canadian senior notes, C$500 million maturing September 2026, interest rate of 2.6%		355		385		375		385
Tax-exempt bonds, maturing through 2048, fixed and variable interest rates ranging from 1.1% to 5.5% (weighted average interest rate of 2.7% as of March 31, 2020 and 2.3% as of December 31, 2019)		2,523		2,523
Tax-exempt bonds, maturing through 2048, fixed and variable interest rates ranging from 0.17% to 4.3% (weighted average interest rate of 1.9% as of September 30, 2020 and 2.3% as of December 31, 2019)						2,491		2,523
Financing leases and other, maturing through 2071, weighted average interest rate of 4.7%		690		710		651		710
Debt issuance costs, discounts and other		(81)		(85)		(60)		(85)
		13,452		13,498		10,422		13,498
Current portion of long-term debt		387		218		167		218
	$	13,065	$	13,280	$	10,255	$	13,280

~~WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

Debt Classification

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we had ~~approximately $1.9~~$2.2 billion of debt maturing within the next 12 months, including (i) $600 million of ~~4.75% senior notes that mature in June 2020 and~~short-term borrowings under our commercial paper program; (ii) $400 million of 4.60% senior notes that mature in March 2021; ~~(ii) $639~~(iii) $952 million of tax-exempt bonds with term interest rate periods that expire within the next 12 months, which is prior to their scheduled maturities, and ~~(iii) $237~~(iv) $167 million of other debt with scheduled maturities within the next 12 months, including ~~$130~~$63 million of tax-exempt bonds. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we have classified ~~$1.5~~$2.0 billion of debt maturing in the next 12 months as long-term because we have the intent and ability to refinance these borrowings on a long-term basis as supported by the forecasted available capacity under our $3.5 billion long-term U.S. and Canadian revolving credit facility (“$3.5 billion revolving credit facility”), as discussed below. The remaining ~~$387~~$167 million ~~of debt maturing in the next 12 months~~ is classified as current obligations.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we also ~~have $169~~had $54 million of variable-rate tax-exempt bonds ~~that are~~with long-term scheduled maturities supported by letters of credit under our $3.5 billion revolving credit ~~facility, of which $33 million mature within the next 12 months.~~facility. The interest rates on our variable-rate tax-exempt bonds are generally reset on either a daily or weekly basis through a remarketing process. All recent tax-exempt bond remarketings have successfully placed Company bonds with investors at market-driven rates and we currently expect future remarketings to be successful. However, if the remarketing agent is unable to remarket our bonds, the remarketing agent can put the bonds to us. In the event of a failed remarketing, we have the availability under our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility to fund these bonds until they are remarketed successfully. Accordingly, we have

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

classified the ~~$136~~$54 million of variable-rate tax-exempt bonds with maturities of more than one year as long-term in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020.

Access to and Utilization of Credit Facilities and Commercial Paper Program

$3.0 Billion Revolving Credit Facility — On July 28, 2020, we entered into a supplemental $3.0 billion, 364-day, U.S. revolving credit facility (“$3.0 billion revolving credit facility”) maturing July 27, 2021, to be used for general corporate purposes, including funding a portion of the Advanced Disposal acquisition as discussed further in Note 14, and refinancing of indebtedness. The facility provides the Company the option to convert outstanding balances into a term loan maturing no later than the first anniversary of the maturity date, subject to the payment of a fee and notifying the administrative agent at least 15 days prior to the original maturity date. The rates we pay for outstanding loans are generally based on LIBOR, plus a spread depending on the Company’s debt rating assigned by Moody’s Investors Service and Standard and Poor’s. The spread above LIBOR ranges from 1.0% to 1.3%. Based on our current ratings, the rate which we expect to pay will be LIBOR plus 1.225%. As of September 30, 2020, we had 0 outstanding borrowings under this facility. WM Holdings, a wholly-owned subsidiary of WM, guarantees all the obligations under the $3.0 billion revolving credit facility.

$3.5 Billion Revolving Credit Facility — Our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility, maturing November 2024, provides us with credit capacity to be used for cash borrowings, to support letters of credit and to support our commercial paper program. The rates we pay for outstanding U.S. or Canadian loans are generally based on LIBOR or CDOR, respectively, plus a spread depending on the Company’s debt rating assigned by Moody’s Investors Service and Standard and Poor’s. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we had 0 outstanding borrowings ~~and $412~~under this facility. We had $269 million of letters of credit issued and $600 million of outstanding borrowings under our commercial paper program, both supported by ~~the~~this facility, leaving unused and available credit capacity of ~~$3.1 billion.~~$2.6 billion as of September 30, 2020. WM Holdings, a wholly-owned subsidiary of WM, guarantees all of the obligations under the $3.5 billion revolving credit facility.

Commercial Paper Program — We have a commercial paper program that enables us to borrow funds for up to 397 days at competitive interest rates. The rates we pay for outstanding borrowings are based on the term of the notes. The commercial paper program is fully supported by our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we had 0$600 million of outstanding borrowings under our commercial paper program.

Other Letter of Credit Facilities — As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we ~~had~~ utilized ~~$525~~$528 million of other letter of credit facilities, which are both committed and uncommitted, with terms maturing through ~~April~~September 2021.

Debt Borrowings and Repayments

Commercial Paper Program — During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we had net cash borrowings of $597 million (net of related discount on issuance), the proceeds of which were primarily used for the redemption of senior notes discussed further below. We did not have any borrowing or repayment activity under our commercial paper program during the first six months of 2020.

Senior Notes — In June 2020, we repaid $600 million of 4.75% senior notes with available cash at their scheduled maturity.

In May 2019, WMwe issued $4.0 billion of senior ~~notes. A portion~~notes, $3.0 billion of which were due 2024, 2026, 2029 and 2039 and included a special mandatory redemption feature (the “SMR Notes”). The SMR Notes were issued with the ~~proceeds was used to retire certain high-coupon senior notes as well as for general corporate purposes including the repayment~~intention of ~~outstanding commercial paper at the time of the offering. We intend to use the remaining net proceeds of our May 2019 senior notes issuance to pay~~paying a portion of the consideration related to our ~~pending~~ acquisition of Advanced Disposal, ~~Services, Inc. (“Advanced Disposal”), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”),~~ which is discussed further in ~~Note 8. Certain~~Notes 8 and 14. Pursuant to the terms of ~~these senior~~the SMR Notes, we were required to redeem all of such outstanding notes ~~due 2024, 2026, 2029 and 2039 with an~~paying debt holders 101% of the aggregate principal ~~amount~~amounts of ~~$3.0 billion, include~~such notes, plus accrued but unpaid interest, as a ~~special mandatory redemption feature. This feature provides that if~~result of the acquisition ~~of Advanced Disposal is~~ not being completed by July 14, 2020. Accordingly, the redemption was completed on ~~or prior to~~ July ~~14,~~20, 2020 ~~or if, prior to such date, the Merger Agreement is terminated for~~using

1012

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

~~any reason, we will be required~~available cash on hand and, to ~~redeem all~~a lesser extent, commercial paper borrowings. The cash paid included the $3.0 billion principal amount of ~~such outstanding notes equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amounts of such notes, plus accrued but unpaid interest.~~

~~Canadian Senior Notes~~ —~~The~~debt redeemed, $30 million ~~decrease~~of related premiums and $8 million of accrued interest. We recognized a $52 million loss on early extinguishment of debt in our Consolidated Statement of Operations related to the redemption during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, including $30 million of premiums paid and $22 million of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs.

Tax-Exempt Bonds — We issued $51 million of new tax-exempt bonds in 2020. The proceeds from the issuance of these bonds were deposited directly into a restricted trust fund and may only be used for the specific purpose for which the money was raised, which is ~~due~~generally to ~~decreases in~~finance expenditures for landfill and solid waste disposal facility construction and development. In the ~~Canadian currency translation rate.~~third quarter of 2020, we elected to refund and reissue $130 million of tax-exempt bonds. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repaid $82 million of our tax-exempt bonds with available cash at their scheduled maturities.

Financing Leases and Other — The decrease during the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 is due to ~~$25~~$80 million of cash repayments primarily related to our federal low-income housing investments, financing leases and other obligations, partially offset by an increase of $5$21 million primarily associated with financing leases and, to a lesser extent, non-cash financing arrangements.

Interest Rate Derivatives

InActive Hedges — During the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020, we entered into a treasury rate ~~lock~~locks with a notional value of $500 million to secure an underlying interest rate of a debt issuance which is currently being evaluated for the fourth quarter of 2020, subject to market conditions and other considerations. We designated our treasury locks as cash flow hedges. As of September 30, 2020, the fair value of these active interest rate derivatives was an asset of $4 million, classified as current assets.

Terminated Hedges — During the first half of 2020, we entered into treasury rate locks with a total notional value of ~~$100~~$400 million to secure an underlying interest rate in anticipation of a ~~senior note~~debt issuance ~~during~~previously anticipated in the second quarter of 2020. We ~~expect to use the net proceeds from this future issuance to repay our 4.75% senior notes due June 2020 and for general corporate purposes. We have~~ designated our treasury ~~lock~~locks as cash flow hedges. In June 2020, we terminated these treasury rate locks and upon termination received $1 million in cash. As noted above, we are evaluating a debt issuance in the fourth quarter of 2020, subject to market conditions and other considerations, which we believe is still probable to occur. As such, the gain associated with these treasury rate locks has been deferred as a ~~cash flow hedge.~~ component of “Accumulated other comprehensive income” and will be amortized to interest expense over the debt term once the issuance occurs.

All financial statement impacts associated with ~~this~~these financial ~~hedge are~~hedges were immaterial as of and for the ~~quarter~~three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020. There was no significant ineffectiveness associated with ~~this hedge~~our cash flow hedges during the three or nine months ended ~~March 31, 2020~~. September 30, 2020. Refer to Note 10 for information regarding the impacts of our cash flow derivatives on our comprehensive income and results of operations.

4. Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate was ~~17.0%~~24.5% and ~~24.8%~~21.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared with 19.4% and 22.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

The increase in our effective income tax rate when comparing the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and 2019 ~~respectively. This~~was primarily driven by (i) favorable adjustments to accruals and related deferred taxes recorded in 2019 due to the filing of our 2018 income tax returns and changes in state and foreign laws; (ii) lower federal tax credits in 2020 and (iii) the detrimental impact of non-deductible transaction costs related to closing the acquisition of Advanced Disposal. The decrease in our effective income tax rate when comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was primarily driven by (i) a decrease in pre-tax income in 2020, which increased the ~~impacts~~effective tax rate impact of ~~excess~~federal tax ~~benefits related to equity-based compensation~~

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

credits and (ii) a ~~non-deductible~~$52 million non-cash impairment charge recognized in 2019 ~~both~~that was not deductible for tax purposes. These items are discussed further below. We evaluate our effective income tax rate at each interim period and adjust it as facts and circumstances warrant.

~~Equity-Based Compensation~~ — During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized a reduction in our income tax expense of $21 million and $13 million, respectively, for excess tax benefits related to the vesting or exercise of equity-based compensation awards.

Investments Qualifying for Federal Tax Credits — We have significant financial interests in entities established to invest in and manage low-income housing properties. We support the operations of these entities in exchange for a pro-rata share of the tax credits they generate. The low-income housing investments qualify for federal tax credits that we expect to realize through 2030 under Section 42 or Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code.

We also ~~hold~~held a residual financial interest in an entity that owns a refined coal facility that qualified for federal tax credits under Section 45 of the Internal Revenue Code through 2019. The entity sold the majority of its assets in ~~2020. The sale~~the first quarter of 2020, which resulted in a $7 million non-cash impairment of our investment ~~during the three months ended March 31, 2020.~~

at that time. We account for our investments in these entities using the equity method of accounting, recognizing our share of each entity’s results of operations and other reductions in the value of our investments in equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ we recognized ~~$26~~$16 million and $59 million (including the $7 million impairment of the refined coal facility noted ~~above) and $9 million~~above for the nine month period) of net losses ~~respectively. The related~~and a reduction in our income tax expense ~~which is~~of $24 million and $65 million, respectively, primarily due to ~~federal~~ tax credits realized from ~~the investments, was $24 million and $15 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.~~these investments. In addition, during the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ we recognized interest expense of $3 million and $2$9 million, respectively, associated with our investments in low-income housing properties.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $11 million and $32 million of net losses and a reduction in our income tax expense of $36 million and $69 million, respectively, primarily due to tax credits realized from these investments. In addition, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized interest expense of $2 million and $6 million, respectively, associated with our investments in low-income housing properties.

See Note 13 for additional information related to these unconsolidated variable interest entities.

Adjustments to Accruals and Related Deferred Taxes — For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, adjustments to accruals and related deferred taxes impacted our income tax expense with a nominal increase and a $6 million decrease, respectively. During the third quarter of 2019, adjustments to accruals and related deferred taxes decreased our income tax expense by $13 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. These adjustments were the result of filing our income tax returns and changes in state and foreign laws.

Non-Deductible Transaction Costs — During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized the detrimental tax impact of $19 million of non-deductible transaction costs related to closing the acquisition of Advanced Disposal. The tax rules require the capitalization of certain facilitative costs on the acquisition of stock of a company resulting in the applicable costs not being deductible for tax purposes.

Tax Implications of Impairments — We recognized a $52 million non-cash impairment charge in the first quarter of 2019 which was not deductible for tax purposes. The non-cash impairment charges recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are deductible for tax purposes. See Note 9 for additional information related to the impairments.

Equity-Based Compensation — During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized a reduction in income tax expense of $2 million and $25 million, respectively, for excess tax benefits related to the vesting or exercise of equity-based compensation awards compared with $5 million and $22 million, respectively, for the comparable prior year periods.

1114

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

~~Tax Implications of Impairment~~ ~~— We recognized a $52 million impairment charge during the three months ended March 31, 2019 which was not deductible for tax purposes. See Note 9 for additional information.~~

Recent Legislation — On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains numerous income tax provisions, none of which directly affected our income tax expense infor the ~~first quarter of~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 or are expected to have a material impact on our income tax expense in future reporting periods. The Company is evaluating the impact of the CARES Act and ~~currently~~ expects to benefit from the deferral of certain payroll taxes through the end of calendar year 2020.

5. Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share ~~for the three months ended March 31~~ were computed using the following common share data (shares in millions):


			Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
			September 30,		September 30,
	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019
Number of common shares outstanding at end of period	422.0	424.7	422.6	424.2	422.6	424.2
Effect of using weighted average common shares outstanding	2.2	(0.2)	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.4
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding	424.2	424.5	422.7	424.5	423.1	424.6
Dilutive effect of equity-based compensation awards and other contingently issuable shares	2.2	2.4	1.9	2.9	1.9	2.8
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	426.4	426.9	424.6	427.4	425.0	427.4
Potentially issuable shares	6.6	7.6	6.3	6.8	6.3	6.8
Number of anti-dilutive potentially issuable shares excluded from diluted common shares outstanding	2.1	3.0	1.3	0.7	1.7	0.7

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Financial Instruments — We have obtained letters of credit, surety bonds and insurance policies and have established trust funds and issued financial guarantees to support tax-exempt bonds, contracts, performance of landfill final capping, closure and post-closure requirements, environmental remediation and other obligations. Letters of credit generally are supported by our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility and other credit facilities established for that purpose. These facilities are discussed further in Note 3. Surety bonds and insurance policies are supported by (i) a diverse group of third-party surety and insurance companies; (ii) an entity in which we have a noncontrolling financial interest or (iii) a wholly-owned insurance captive, the sole business of which is to issue surety bonds and/or insurance policies on our behalf.

Management does not expect that any claims against or draws on these instruments would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. We have not experienced any unmanageable difficulty in obtaining the required financial assurance instruments for our current operations as a result of COVID-19 or other economic factors. In an ongoing effort to mitigate risks of future cost increases and reductions in available capacity, we continue to evaluate various options to access cost-effective sources of financial assurance.

Insurance — We carry insurance coverage for protection of our assets and operations from certain risks including general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation, real and personal property, directors’ and officers’ liability, pollution legal liability and other coverages we believe are customary to the industry. Our exposure to loss for insurance claims is generally limited to the per incident deductible under the related insurance policy. Our exposure could increase if our insurers are unable to meet their commitments on a timely basis.

We have retained a significant portion of the risks related to our health and welfare, general liability, automobile liability and workers’ compensation claims programs. “General liability” refers to the self-insured portion of specific third-party claims made against us that may be covered under our commercial General Liability Insurance Policy. For our self-insured portions, the exposure for unpaid claims and associated expenses, including incurred but not reported losses, is

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based on an actuarial valuation or internal estimates. The accruals for these liabilities could be revised if future occurrences or loss development significantly differ from such valuations and estimates. We use a wholly-owned insurance captive to insure the deductibles for our general liability, automobile liability and workers’ compensation claims programs.

We do not expect the impact of any known casualty, property, environmental or other contingency to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Guarantees — In the ordinary course of our business, WM and WM Holdings enter into guarantee agreements associated with their subsidiaries’ operations. Additionally, WM and WM Holdings have each guaranteed all of the senior debt of the other entity. No additional liabilities have been recorded for these intercompany guarantees because all of the underlying obligations are reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. ~~See Note 14 for additional information.~~

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we have guaranteed the obligations and certain performance requirements of third parties in connection with both consolidated and unconsolidated entities, including guarantees to cover certain market value losses for certain properties adjacent to or near 18 of our landfills. Additionally, in connection with the divestiture of our Wheelabrator business in 2014, we agreed to continue providing guarantees of certain of its operational and financial performance obligations. As of March 31, 2020, all such previously outstanding guarantees of Wheelabrator’s obligations have been returned, replaced or expired, with the exception of a financial and performance guarantee pertaining to one Wheelabrator facility. We anticipate this remaining guarantee will be released during the second quarter of 2020, and Wheelabrator has provided surety bonds and a letter of credit to protect us from possible exposure under the guarantee. We have also agreed to indemnify certain third-party purchasers against liabilities associated with divested operations prior to such sale. Additionally, under certain of our acquisition agreements, we have provided for additional consideration to be paid to the sellers if established financial targets or other market conditions are achieved post-closing, and we have recognized liabilities for these contingent obligations based on an estimate of the fair value of these contingencies at the time of acquisition. We do not believe that these contingent obligations will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, and we do not expect the financial impact of operational and financial performance guarantees to materially exceed the recorded fair value.

Environmental Matters — A significant portion of our operating costs and capital expenditures could be characterized as costs of environmental protection. The nature of our operations, particularly with respect to the construction, operation and maintenance of our landfills, subjects us to an array of laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Under current laws and regulations, we may have liabilities for environmental damage caused by our operations, or for damage caused by conditions that existed before we acquired a site. In addition to remediation activity required by state or local authorities, such liabilities include potentially responsible party (“PRP”) investigations. The costs associated with these liabilities can include settlements, certain legal and consultant fees, as well as incremental internal and external costs directly associated with site investigation and clean-up.

Estimating our degree of responsibility for remediation is inherently difficult. We recognize and accrue for an estimated remediation liability when we determine that such liability is both probable and reasonably estimable. Determining the method and ultimate cost of remediation requires that a number of assumptions be made. There can sometimes be a range of reasonable estimates of the costs associated with the likely site remediation alternatives identified in the environmental impact investigation. In these cases, we use the amount within the range that is our best estimate. If no amount within a range appears to be a better estimate than any other, we use the amount that is the low end of such range. If we used the high ends of such ranges, our aggregate potential liability would be approximately $145 million higher than the ~~$248~~$238 million recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020. Our ultimate responsibility may differ materially from current estimates. It is possible that technological, regulatory or enforcement developments, the results of environmental studies, the inability to identify other PRPs, the inability of other PRPs to contribute to the settlements of such liabilities, or other factors could require us to record additional liabilities. Our ongoing review of our remediation liabilities, in light of relevant internal and external facts and circumstances, could result in

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~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

revisions to our accruals that could cause upward or downward adjustments to our balance sheet and income from operations. These adjustments could be material in any given period.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we have been notified by the government that we are a PRP in connection with 75 locations listed on the Environmental Protection Agency’s (“EPA’s”) Superfund National Priorities List (“NPL”). Of the 75 sites at which claims have been made against us, 15 are sites we own. Each of the NPL sites we own was initially developed by

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others as a landfill disposal facility. At each of these facilities, we are working in conjunction with the government to evaluate or remediate identified site problems, and we have either agreed with other legally liable parties on an arrangement for sharing the costs of remediation or are working toward a cost-sharing agreement. We generally expect to receive any amounts due from other participating parties at or near the time that we make the remedial expenditures. The other 60 NPL sites, which we do not own, are at various procedural stages under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, known as CERCLA or Superfund.

The majority of proceedings involving NPL sites that we do not own are based on allegations that certain of our subsidiaries (or their predecessors) transported hazardous substances to the sites, often prior to our acquisition of these subsidiaries. CERCLA generally provides for liability for those parties owning, operating, transporting to or disposing at the sites. Proceedings arising under Superfund typically involve numerous waste generators and other waste transportation and disposal companies and seek to allocate or recover costs associated with site investigation and remediation, which costs could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. At some of the sites at which we have been identified as a PRP, our liability is well defined as a consequence of a governmental decision and an agreement among liable parties as to the share each will pay for implementing that remedy. At other sites, where no remedy has been selected or the liable parties have been unable to agree on an appropriate allocation, our future costs are uncertain.

On October 11, 2017, the EPA issued its Record of Decision (“ROD”) with respect to the previously proposed remediation plan for the San Jacinto waste pits in Harris County, Texas. McGinnes Industrial Maintenance Corporation (“MIMC”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of WM, operated some of the waste pits from 1965 to 1966 and has been named as a site PRP. In 1998, WM acquired the stock of the parent entity of MIMC. MIMC has been working with the EPA and other named PRPs as the process of addressing the site proceeds. On April 9, 2018, MIMC and International Paper Company entered into an Administrative Order on Consent agreement with the EPA to develop a remedial design for the EPA’s proposed remedy for the site. Allocation of responsibility among the PRPs for the proposed remedy has not been established. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the recorded liability for MIMC’s estimated potential share of the EPA’s proposed remedy and related costs was ~~$57~~$55 million and $56 million, respectively. MIMC’s ultimate liability could be materially different from current estimates.

Item 103 of the SEC’s Regulation S-K requires disclosure of certain environmental matters when a governmental authority is a party to the proceedings, or such proceedings are known to be contemplated, unless we reasonably believe that the matter will result in no monetary sanctions, or in monetary sanctions, exclusive of interest and costs, of less than $100,000. The following ~~matters are~~matter is disclosed in accordance with that requirement. We do not currently believe that the eventual outcome of such matters, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.requirement:

On July 10, 2013, the EPA issued a Notice of Violation ("NOV") to Waste Management of Wisconsin, Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of WM, alleging violations of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act concerning acceptance of certain waste that was not permitted to be disposed of at the Metro Recycling & Disposal Facility in Franklin, Wisconsin. The parties ~~are exchanging information and working~~have agreed to resolve this matter through payment of a penalty, implementation of additional monitoring activities and revisions to waste acceptance protocols at the ~~NOV.~~

On November 25, 2019, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, issued an NOV to Waste Management of Metro Atlanta, Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of WM.facility. The ~~NOV alleges violations of Georgia environmental statutes~~related Consent Decree became final in September 2020, and the ~~related permits for Pine Bluff Landfill resulting from~~

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~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~slope stability concerns at~~outcome of this matter is not material to the ~~landfill that are being remediated. The parties are exchanging information and working to resolve the NOV.~~Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

From time to time, we are also named as defendants in personal injury and property damage lawsuits, including purported class actions, on the basis of having owned, operated or transported waste to a disposal facility that is alleged to have contaminated the environment or, in certain cases, on the basis of having conducted environmental remediation activities at sites. Some of the lawsuits may seek to have us pay the costs of monitoring of allegedly affected sites and health care examinations of allegedly affected persons for a substantial period of time even where no actual damage is proven. While we believe we have meritorious defenses to these lawsuits, the ultimate resolution is often substantially uncertain due to the difficulty of determining the cause, extent and impact of alleged contamination (which may have occurred over a long period of time), the potential for successive groups of complainants to emerge, the diversity of the

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individual plaintiffs’ circumstances, and the potential contribution or indemnification obligations of co-defendants or other third parties, among other factors. Additionally, we often enter into agreements with landowners imposing obligations on us to meet certain regulatory or contractual conditions upon site closure or upon termination of the agreements. Compliance with these agreements inherently involves subjective determinations and may result in disputes, including litigation.

Litigation — As a large company with operations across the U.S. and Canada, we are subject to various proceedings, lawsuits, disputes and claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. Many of these actions raise complex factual and legal issues and are subject to uncertainties. Actions that have been filed against us, and that may be filed against us in the future, include personal injury, property damage, commercial, customer, and employment-related claims, including purported state and national class action lawsuits related to: alleged environmental contamination, including releases of hazardous material and odors; sales and marketing practices, customer service agreements and prices and fees; and federal and state wage and hour and other laws. The plaintiffs in some actions seek unspecified damages or injunctive relief, or both. These actions are in various procedural stages, and some are covered, in part, by insurance. We currently do not believe that the eventual outcome of any such actions will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

WM’s charter and bylaws provide that WM shall indemnify against all liabilities and expenses, and upon request shall advance expenses to any person, who is subject to a pending or threatened proceeding because such person is or was a director or officer of the Company. Such indemnification is required to the maximum extent permitted under Delaware law. Accordingly, the director or officer must execute an undertaking to reimburse the Company for any fees advanced if it is later determined that the director or officer was not permitted to have such fees advanced under Delaware law. Additionally, the Company has direct contractual obligations to provide indemnification to each of the members of WM’s Board of Directors and each of WM’s executive officers. The Company may incur substantial expenses in connection with the fulfillment of its advancement of costs and indemnification obligations in connection with actions or proceedings that may be brought against its former or current officers, directors and employees.

Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans — About 20% of our workforce is covered by collective bargaining agreements with various local unions across the U.S. and Canada. As a result of some of these agreements, certain of our subsidiaries are participating employers in a number of trustee-managed multiemployer defined benefit pension plans (“Multiemployer Pension Plans”) for the covered employees. In connection with our ongoing renegotiation of various collective bargaining agreements, we may discuss and negotiate for the complete or partial withdrawal from one or more of these Multiemployer Pension Plans. A complete or partial withdrawal from a Multiemployer Pension Plan may also occur if employees covered by a collective bargaining agreement vote to decertify a union from continuing to represent them. Any other circumstance resulting in a decline in Company contributions to a Multiemployer Pension Plan through a reduction in the labor force, whether through attrition over time or through a business event (such as the discontinuation or nonrenewal of a customer contract, the decertification of a union, or relocation, reduction or discontinuance of certain operations) may also trigger a complete or partial withdrawal from one or more of these pension plans. During the first quarter of 2020, we recognized a $3 million charge to operating expenses for the withdrawal from an underfunded Multiemployer Pension Plan.

~~WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

We do not believe that any future liability relating to our past or current participation in, or withdrawals from, the Multiemployer Pension Plans to which we contribute will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or liquidity. However, liability for future withdrawals could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows for a particular reporting period, depending on the number of employees withdrawn and the financial condition of the Multiemployer Pension Plan(s) at the time of such withdrawal(s).

Tax Matters — We participate in the IRS’s Compliance Assurance Process, which means we work with the IRS throughout the year towards resolving any material issues prior to the filing of our annual tax return. Any unresolved issues as of the tax return filing date are subject to routine examination procedures. We are currently in the examination phase of IRS audits for the 2017 through 2020 tax years and expect these audits to be completed within the next 2418 months. We are

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

also currently undergoing audits by various state and local jurisdictions for tax years that date back to 2014. We maintain a liability for uncertain tax positions, the balance of which management believes is adequate. Results of audit assessments by taxing authorities are not currently expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

7. Segment and Related Information

We evaluate, oversee and manage the financial performance of our Solid Waste business subsidiaries through our 17 Areas. The 17 Areas constitute operating segments and we have evaluated the aggregation criteria and concluded that, based on the similarities between our Areas, including the fact that our Solid Waste business is homogenous across geographies with the same services offered across the Areas, aggregation of our Areas is appropriate for purposes of presenting our reportable segments. Accordingly, we have aggregated our 17 Areas into 3 tiers that we believe have similar economic characteristics and future prospects based in large part on a review of the Areas’ income from operations margins. The economic variations experienced by our Areas are attributable to a variety of factors, including regulatory environment of the Area; economic environment of the Area, including level of commercial and industrial activity; population density; service offering mix and disposal logistics, with no one factor being singularly determinative of an Area’s current or future economic performance.

In the fourth quarter of 2019, as part of our annual review process, we analyzed the Areas’ income from operations margins for purposes of segment reporting and realigned our Solid Waste tiers to reflect recent changes in their relative economic characteristics and prospects. These changes are the results of various factors including acquisitions, divestitures, business mix and the economic climate of various geographies. As a result, we reclassified the Western Canada Area from Tier 1 to Tier 2 and the Northern California Area from Tier 3 to Tier 2. Reclassifications have been made to our prior period condensed consolidated financial information to conform to the current year presentation.

Tier 1 is comprised of our operations across the Southern U.S., with the exception of the Southern California Area and the Florida ~~area,~~Area, and also includes the New England ~~states~~Area and the tri-state ~~area~~Area of Michigan, Indiana and Ohio. Tier 2 includes California, Canada, and the Wisconsin and ~~Minnesota.~~Minnesota Area. Tier 3 encompasses all the remaining operations including the Pacific Northwest, the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S., the Florida ~~area,~~Area, and the Illinois and ~~Missouri.~~Missouri Valley Area.

The operating segments not evaluated and overseen through the 17 Areas are presented herein as “Other” as these operating segments do not meet the criteria to be aggregated with other operating segments and do not meet the quantitative criteria to be separately reported.

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Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments ~~for the three months ended March 31~~ is shown in the following table (in millions):


	Gross		Intercompany		Net		Income		Gross		Intercompany		Net		Income
	Operating		Operating		Operating		from		Operating		Operating		Operating		from
	Revenues		Revenues(c)		Revenues		Operations(d)		Revenues		Revenues(c)		Revenues		Operations(d)
Three Months Ended September 30:
2020
Solid Waste:
Tier 1	$	1,503	$	(280)	$	1,223	$	393	$	1,521	$	(295)	$	1,226	$	430
Tier 2		932		(198)		734		188		984		(209)		775		226
Tier 3		1,541		(294)		1,247		264		1,572		(304)		1,268		290
Solid Waste		3,976		(772)		3,204		845		4,077		(808)		3,269		946
Other (a)		554		(29)		525		(25)		615		(23)		592		(7)
		4,530		(801)		3,729		820		4,692		(831)		3,861		939
Corporate and Other (b)		—		—		—		(247)		—		—		—		(259)
Total	$	4,530	$	(801)	$	3,729	$	573	$	4,692	$	(831)	$	3,861	$	680

2019
Solid Waste:
Tier 1	$	1,453	$	(265)	$	1,188	$	398	$	1,576	$	(295)	$	1,281	$	436
Tier 2		904		(182)		722		200		998		(199)		799		226
Tier 3		1,508		(279)		1,229		270		1,641		(310)		1,331		298
Solid Waste		3,865		(726)		3,139		868		4,215		(804)		3,411		960
Other (a)		588		(31)		557		(18)		589		(33)		556		(25)
		4,453		(757)		3,696		850		4,804		(837)		3,967		935
Corporate and Other (b)		—		—		—		(229)		—		—		—		(201)
Total	$	4,453	$	(757)	$	3,696	$	621	$	4,804	$	(837)	$	3,967	$	734

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)


	Gross		Intercompany		Net		Income
	Operating		Operating		Operating		from
	Revenues		Revenues(c)		Revenues		Operations(d)
Nine Months Ended September 30:
2020
Solid Waste:
Tier 1	$	4,442	$	(846)	$	3,596	$	1,139
Tier 2		2,813		(597)		2,216		596
Tier 3		4,566		(873)		3,693		776
Solid Waste		11,821		(2,316)		9,505		2,511
Other (a)		1,723		(77)		1,646		(42)
		13,544		(2,393)		11,151		2,469
Corporate and Other (b)		—		—		—		(689)
Total	$	13,544	$	(2,393)	$	11,151	$	1,780

2019
Solid Waste:
Tier 1	$	4,602	$	(853)	$	3,749	$	1,268
Tier 2		2,897		(580)		2,317		656
Tier 3		4,780		(900)		3,880		850
Solid Waste		12,279		(2,333)		9,946		2,774
Other (a)		1,757		(94)		1,663		(92)
		14,036		(2,427)		11,609		2,682
Corporate and Other (b)		—		—		—		(631)
Total	$	14,036	$	(2,427)	$	11,609	$	2,051

(a)

“Other” includes (i) our Strategic Business Solutions (“WMSBS”) ~~organization;~~business; (ii) those elements of our landfill gas-to-energy operations and third-party subcontract and administration revenues managed by our Energy and Environmental Services (“EES”) and WM Renewable Energy ~~organizations~~businesses that are not included in the operations of our reportable segments; (iii) our recycling brokerage services and (iv) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions. In addition, our “Other” segment reflects the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity.

Income from operations for the Other segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was impacted primarily by an increase in revenue for our WMSBS and WM Renewable Energy businesses as a result of new contract activities in the current year periods and a new renewable energy facility coming online which drove an increase in commodity sales, respectively. Additionally, the nine month period is impacted by a $16 million non-cash charge to write off certain equipment costs recorded in the prior year period offset, in part, by (i) a decrease in revenue within our EES business and (ii) the non-cash impairment of certain assets within our WM Renewable Energy business in the current year period.

(b)

Corporate operating results reflect certain costs incurred for various support services that are not allocated to our reportable segments. These support services include, among other things, treasury, legal, information technology, tax, insurance, centralized service center processes, other administrative functions and the maintenance of our closed landfills. Income from operations for “Corporate and Other” also includes costs associated with our long-term incentive program and any administrative expenses or revisions to our estimated obligations associated with divested operations.

(c)	Intercompany operating revenues reflect each segment’s total intercompany sales, including intercompany sales within a segment and between segments. Transactions within and between segments are generally made on a basis intended to reflect the market value of the service.

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(d)

Income from operations provided by our Solid Waste business is generally indicative of the margins provided by our collection, landfill, transfer and recycling lines of business. From time to time, the operating results of our reportable segments are significantly affected by certain transactions or events that management believes are not indicative or representative of our results. In 2020, we revised allocations between our segments including (i) the discontinuation of certain allocations from Corporate and Other to Solid Waste and (ii) allocating certain insurance costs from Other to Solid Waste. Reclassifications have been made to our prior period information for comparability purposes. ~~Current quarter operating results were negatively impacted by revenue declines in March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These declines were not material to the reported periods.~~

In the second quarter of 2020, we recognized $61 million of non-cash impairment charges, including $41 million related to our energy services assets in our Tier 1 segment. Refer to Note 9 for additional information. Our 2020 operating results were also negatively impacted by revenue declines, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, in our landfill and industrial and commercial collection businesses beginning in March 2020 and continuing through the third quarter of 2020, although we began to experience notable recoveries in volumes during the third quarter of 2020.

The mix of operating revenues from our major lines of business ~~for the three months ended March 31~~ are as follows (in millions):


					Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
					September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019
Commercial	$	1,063	$	1,026	$	1,025	$	1,069	$	3,016	$	3,147
Residential		650		640		662		661		1,969		1,956
Industrial		693		680		709		766		2,027		2,190
Other collection		112		109		120		130		347		361
Total collection		2,518		2,455		2,516		2,626		7,359		7,654
Landfill		887		864		946		993		2,707		2,880
Transfer		441		412		482		471		1,362		1,357
Recycling		254		291		290		245		819		800
Other (a)		430		431		458		469		1,297		1,345
Intercompany (b)		(801)		(757)		(831)		(837)		(2,393)		(2,427)
Total	$	3,729	$	3,696	$	3,861	$	3,967	$	11,151	$	11,609

(a)

The “Other” line of business includes (i) our WMSBS ~~organization;~~business; (ii) our landfill gas-to-energy operations; (iii) certain services within our EES ~~organization,~~business, including our construction and remediation services and our services associated with the disposal of fly ash and (iv) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions. In addition, our “Other” line of business reflects the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity. Activity related to collection, landfill, transfer and recycling within “Other” has been reclassified to the appropriate line of business for purposes of the presentation in this table.

(b)	Intercompany revenues between lines of business are eliminated in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report.

Fluctuations in our operating results may be caused by many factors, including period-to-period changes in the relative contribution of revenue by each line of business, changes in commodity prices and general economic conditions. Current quarter operating results were negatively impacted by COVID-19, as volumes declined beginning in March 2020 in our landfill, industrial and commercial collection businesses due to steps taken by national and local governments to slow the spread of the virus, including travel bans, prohibitions on group events and gatherings, shutdowns of certain businesses, curfews, shelter-in-place orders and recommendations to practice social distancing.

~~In addition,~~Typically, our revenues and income from operations ~~typically~~ reflect seasonal patterns. Our operating revenues tend to be somewhat higher in summer months, primarily due to the higher construction and demolition waste volumes. The volumes of industrial and residential waste in certain regions where we operate also tend to increase during the summer months.

Our ~~second~~2020 operating results were negatively impacted by COVID-19, as volumes declined beginning in March 2020 and continued through the third quarter ~~revenues~~in our landfill and ~~results~~industrial and commercial collection businesses, due to steps taken by national and local governments to slow the spread of ~~operations typically reflect~~the virus, including travel bans, prohibitions on group events and gatherings, shutdowns of certain businesses, curfews, shelter-in-place orders and recommendations to practice social distancing. We began to experience notable recoveries in volumes during the third quarter of 2020 with many private and

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

government bodies taking steps to re-open. For customers negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, we proactively waived and suspended certain ancillary service charges, deferred certain annual price increases, extended payment terms and adjusted customer service levels during the first half of 2020. Additionally, for qualifying small and medium businesses, we have provided customers with one-month of free service upon re-opening. While these ~~seasonal trends.~~customer-centric steps also contributed to the revenue decline, these impacts were immaterial. During the third quarter, improved economic conditions positioned us to resume most business practices in accordance with our contractual terms.

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~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

our operations in the Southern and Eastern U.S. during the second half of the year, can increase our revenues in the Areas ~~affected.~~affected as a result of the waste volumes generated by these events. While weather-related and other event driven special projects can boost revenues through additional work for a limited time, as a result of significant start-up costs and other factors, such revenue can generate earnings at comparatively lower margins.

8. Acquisitions and Assets Held-for-Sale

~~Pending~~2020 Acquisition and Assets Held-for-Sale

On April 14, 2019, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger to acquire all outstanding shares of Advanced Disposal for $33.15 per share in cash, representing a total enterprise value at the time of $4.9 billion when including approximately $1.9 billion of Advanced Disposal’s net debt. ~~Advanced Disposal’s solid waste network includes 95 collection operations, 73 transfer stations, 41 owned or operated landfills and 22 owned or operated recycling facilities.~~ On June ~~28, 2019, Advanced Disposal announced that 85.9%~~24, 2020, we entered into an amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (as amended, the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which a subsidiary of WM would acquire all outstanding shares of ~~its common stock entitled~~Advanced Disposal for $30.30 per share in cash, representing a total enterprise value of $4.6 billion when including approximately $1.8 billion of Advanced Disposal’s net debt. This acquisition grows our footprint and allows us to ~~vote were voted~~provide differentiated, sustainable waste management and recycling services to approximately 3 million new commercial, industrial and residential customers, primarily located in ~~favor~~16 states in the Eastern half of the ~~proposal~~U.S. The transaction closed on October 30, 2020 and is discussed further in Note 14.

On June 24, 2020, we also announced that we and Advanced Disposal entered into an agreement that provided for GFL Environmental Inc. to ~~adopt~~acquire a combination of assets from us and Advanced Disposal to address divestitures required by the U.S. Department of Justice in connection with the Advanced Disposal acquisition (as subsequently amended, the “Divestiture Agreement”). Immediately following the Merger Agreement ~~at a special meeting of stockholders held that day.~~ ~~Despite~~closing on October 30, 2020, the ~~general business disruption caused by COVID-19, we continue to make progress and currently anticipate being in a position to receive final antitrust regulatory approval and proceed toward closing~~transactions contemplated by the ~~end~~Divestiture Agreement were consummated and the Company received cash proceeds from the sale of $856.4 million, subject to certain post-closing adjustments. These transactions are discussed further in Note 14.

As of September 30, 2020, the WM assets to be divested met the criteria to be classified as held-for-sale and have been classified as such within other current assets and accrued liabilities, as appropriate, in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The carrying amounts of the ~~second quarter~~assets and liabilities, which are primarily in our Tier 2 and Tier 3 segments, that have been classified as held-for-sale are $53 million of ~~2020.~~property and equipment and goodwill and $17 million of landfill liabilities.

2019 Acquisition

Petro Waste Environmental LP (“Petro Waste”) — On March 8, 2019, Waste Management Energy Services Holdings, LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of WM, acquired Petro Waste. The acquired business provides comprehensive oilfield environmental services and solid waste disposal facilities in the Permian Basin and the Eagle Ford Shale. The acquisition has expanded our offerings and enhanced the quality of solid waste disposal services for oil and gas exploration and production operations in Texas. Our purchase price was primarily allocated to 7 landfills, which are included in our property and equipment.

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

The acquisition was funded using commercial paper borrowings and the acquisition accounting for this transaction was finalized in ~~2019~~2019. The operating results of the acquired business did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements for the periods presented herein. Given the significant change in energy market dynamics from the time of the acquisition, we have seen a decline in the fair value of certain of these assets from the time of acquisition. The impairment recognized during the second quarter of 2020 is discussed further in Note 9.

9. Asset Impairments and Unusual Items

(Gain) Loss from Divestitures, Asset Impairments and Unusual Items, Net

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $68 million of non-cash impairment charges primarily related to the following:

Energy Services Asset Impairments— During the second quarter of 2020, the Company tested the recoverability of certain energy services assets in our Tier 1 segment. Indicators of impairment included (i) the sharp downturn in oil demand that has led to a significant decline in oil prices and production activities, which we project will have long-term impacts on the utilization of our assets and (ii) significant shifts in our business, including increases in competition and customers choosing to bury waste on site versus in a landfill, reducing our revenue outlook. The Company determined that the carrying amount of the asset group was ~~funded with borrowings under~~not fully recoverable. As a result, we recognized $41 million of non-cash impairment charges primarily related to two landfills and an oil field waste injection facility in our ~~commercial paper program. For~~Tier 1 segment. We wrote down the net book value of these assets to their estimated fair value using an income approach based on estimated future cash flow projections (Level 3). The aggregate fair value of the impaired asset group was $8 million as of June 30, 2020. The Company tested the recoverability of an additional $239 million in energy services assets and determined that the carrying amount was recoverable as of June 30, 2020. No new indicators of impairment were identified during the three months ended ~~March 31, 2019,~~September 30, 2020.

Other Impairments — In addition to the ~~impact~~energy services impairments noted above, during the second quarter of 2020, we recognized a $20 million non-cash impairment charge in our Tier 3 segment due to management’s decision to close a landfill once its constructed airspace is filled and abandon any remaining permitted airspace, which was considered an impairment indicator. As the carrying value was not recoverable, we wrote off the entire net book value of the ~~acquisition~~asset using an income approach based on estimated future cash flow projections (Level 3). The impairment charge was comprised of $12 million related to the carrying value of the asset and $8 million related to the acceleration of the expected timing of capping, closure and post-closure activities, which is discussed further in Note 2.

Additionally, during the third quarter of 2020, we recognized $7 million of net charges primarily related to non-cash impairments of certain assets within our WM Renewable Energy business in our Other segment. As the carrying values of the assets were not ~~material to our consolidated financial statements.~~

~~9. Asset Impairments~~recoverable, we wrote off their entire net carrying value using an income approach based on estimated future cash flow projections (Level 3).

Equity in Net Losses of Unconsolidated Entities

During the first quarter of 2020, we recorded ana non-cash impairment charge of $7 million related to our investment in a refined coal facility which is discussed further in ~~Note 4.~~Notes 4 and 13. The fair value of our investment was not readily determinable; thus, we determined the fair value using management assumptions pertaining to investment value (Level 3).

Other, Net

During the first quarter of 2019, we recognized a $52 million non-cash impairment charge related to our minority-owned investment in a waste conversion technology business. We wrote down our investment to its estimated fair value as the result of a third-party investor’s transactions in these securities. The fair value of our investment was not

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

readily determinable; thus, we determined the fair value utilizing a combination of quoted price inputs for the equity in our investment (Level 2) and certain management assumptions pertaining to investment value (Level 3).

~~WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, which is included as a component of Waste Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity, are as follows (in millions, with amounts in parentheses representing decreases to accumulated other comprehensive income):


					Foreign		Post-								Foreign		Post-
			Available-		Currency		Retirement						Available-		Currency		Retirement
	Derivative		for-Sale		Translation		Benefit				Derivative		for-Sale		Translation		Benefit
	Instruments		Securities		Adjustments		Obligations		Total		Instruments		Securities		Adjustments(a)		Obligations		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	(24)	$	38	$	(21)	$	(1)	$	(8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax expense (benefit) of $(1), $3, $0 and $0, respectively (a)		—		(9)		(76)		—		(85)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, net of tax (expense) benefit of $0, $0, $0 and $0, respectively		2		—		—		—		2
December 31, 2019											$	(24)	$	38	$	(21)	$	(1)	$	(8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax expense (benefit) of $1, $3, $0 and $0, respectively												4		7		(23)		—		(12)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, net of tax (expense) benefit of $2, $0, $0 and $0, respectively												5		—		—		(1)		4
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		2		(9)		(76)		—		(83)		9		7		(23)		(1)		(8)
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	(22)	$	29	$	(97)	$	(1)	$	(91)
September 30, 2020											$	(15)	$	45	$	(44)	$	(2)	$	(16)

(a)	Foreign currency translation adjustments were impacted by a decrease in the Canadian/U.S. dollar exchange rate from 0.7698 at December 31, 2019 to ~~0.7109~~0.7507 at ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020.

We ~~had one~~entered into interest rate ~~derivative outstanding as~~derivatives during 2020, all of ~~March 31, 2020,~~ which ~~was~~were classified as a cash flow ~~hedge~~hedges and isare discussed further in Note 3. We had no0 active derivatives outstanding during 2019. Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) associated with our previously terminated cash flow hedges were not material for the periods presented.

11. Common Stock Repurchase Program

The Company repurchases shares of its common stock as part of capital allocation programs authorized by our Board of Directors. In February 2020, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement to repurchase $313 million of our common stock. At the beginning of the repurchase period, we delivered $313 million cash and received 2.0 million shares based on a stock price of $125.75. The ASR agreement completed in March 2020, at which time we received 0.8 million additional shares based on a final weighted average price of $111.78.

During the first quarter of 2020, we also began repurchasing shares of our common stock in open market transactions in compliance with Rule 10b5-1 and Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act. This repurchase program ended on March 27, 2020 and we repurchased 0.9 million shares. Cash paid for these share repurchases was $89 million, inclusive of per-share commissions, which represents a weighted average price per share of $99.96.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, the Company has authorization for $918 million of future share repurchases. To enhance our liquidity position in response to COVID-19 as well as funding of the Advanced Disposal acquisition, we ~~have~~ elected to temporarily suspend additional share repurchases for the foreseeable future. Any future share repurchases pursuant to this authorization of our Board of Directors will be made at the discretion of management and will depend on factors similar to those considered by the Board of Directors in making dividend declarations, including our net earnings, financial condition and cash required for future business plans, growth and acquisitions.

2025

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

12. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value

~~As of March 31, 2020, we had one liability measured on a recurring basis related to an interest rate derivative with a fair value of less than $1 million, utilizing a combination of Level 2~~Our assets and ~~Level 3 inputs. See Note 3 for further discussion. We had no~~ liabilities ~~measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019. Our assets~~ that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following (in millions):


	March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Fair Value Measurements Using:
Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1):
Cash equivalents and money market funds	$	3,117	$	3,527	$	695	$	3,527
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2):
Available-for-sale securities (a)		390		350		386		350
Interest rate derivatives						4		—
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
Redeemable preferred stock (b)		49		49		49		49
Total Assets	$	3,556	$	3,926	$	1,134	$	3,926

(a)	Our available-for-sale securities generally mature over the next ~~ten~~nine years.

(b)

When available, Level 3 investments have been measured based on third-party investors’ recent or pending transactions in these securities, which are considered the best evidence of fair value. When this evidence is not available, we use other valuation techniques as appropriate and available. These valuation methodologies may include transactions in similar instruments, discounted cash flow techniques, third-party appraisals or industry multiples and public company comparable transactions.

See Note 9 for information related to our nonrecurring fair value measurements and the impact of impairments.

Fair Value of Debt

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the carrying value of our debt was $10.4 billion and $13.5 ~~billion.~~billion, respectively. The estimated fair value of our debt was approximately ~~$14.3~~$11.7 billion and $14.5 billion as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The decrease in the fair value of our debt when comparing September 30, 2020 to December 31, 2019 is primarily related to net repayments of $3.1 billion during 2020 partially offset by fluctuations in current market rates for similar types of debt instruments.

Although we have determined the estimated fair value amounts using available market information and commonly accepted valuation methodologies, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, our estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that we, or holders of the instruments, could realize in a current market exchange. Furthermore, the fair value of debt instruments measured as of March 31, 2020 is particularly susceptible to variability from future measurements of fair value given elevated volatility in key market factors due to the impact the COVID-19 pandemic is having on financial markets. The use of different assumptions or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair values. The fair value estimates are based on Level 2 inputs of the fair value hierarchy available as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. These amounts have not been revalued since those dates, and current estimates of fair value could differ significantly from the amounts presented.

~~WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

13. Variable Interest Entities

Following is a description of our financial interests in unconsolidated and consolidated variable interest entities that we consider significant:

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Low-Income Housing Properties and Refined Coal Facility Investments

We do not consolidate our investments in entities established to manage low-income housing properties and a refined coal facility because we are not the primary beneficiary of these entities as we do not have the power to individually direct the activities of these entities. Accordingly, we account for these investments under the equity method of accounting. Our aggregate investment balance in these entities was ~~$285~~$243 million and $309 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The debt balance related to our investments in low-income housing properties was ~~$256~~$226 million and $269 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. During the first quarter of 2020, the entity which holds the investment in the refined coal facility sold the majority of its assets, which resulted in a $7 million non-cash impairment of our investment. Additional information related to these investments is discussed in Note 4.

Trust Funds for Final Capping, Closure, Post-Closure or Environmental Remediation Obligations

Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities — Trust funds that are established for both the benefit of the Company and the host community in which we operate are not consolidated because we are not the primary beneficiary of these entities as (i) we do not have the power to direct the significant activities of the trusts or (ii) power over the trusts’ significant activities is shared. Our interests in these trusts are accounted for as investments in unconsolidated entities and receivables. These amounts are recorded in other receivables, investments in unconsolidated entities and long-term other assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, as appropriate. We also reflect our share of the unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities held by these trusts as a component of our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Our investments and receivables related to these trusts had an aggregate carrying value of ~~$94 million and~~ $101 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019, respectively.~~2019.

Consolidated Variable Interest Entities — Trust funds for which we are the sole beneficiary are consolidated because we are the primary beneficiary. These trust funds are recorded in restricted trust and escrow accounts in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities held by these trusts are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). These trusts had a fair value of $112 million and $109 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2019, respectively.

~~WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

14. ~~Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements~~Subsequent Events

~~WM Holdings has fully~~On October 30, 2020, we closed our acquisition of Advanced Disposal, which is discussed further in Note 8. We are currently in the process of valuing the assets acquired and unconditionally guaranteed all of WM’s senior indebtedness. WM has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all of WM Holdings’ senior indebtedness. None of WM’s other subsidiaries have guaranteed any of WM’s or WM Holdings’ debt.liabilities assumed in the business combination. As a result, ~~of these guarantee arrangements,~~ we are ~~required~~not yet able to ~~present~~provide the ~~following condensed consolidating financial~~amounts to be recognized as of the acquisition date for the major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and other related disclosures. We will disclose this and other related information ~~(in millions):~~

~~CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS~~

~~March 31, 2020~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

WM

Non-Guarantor


WM

Holdings

Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:










Cash and cash equivalents

$
3,049

$
—

$
76

$
—

$
3,125
Other current assets

2

4

2,504

—

2,510

3,051

4

2,580

—

5,635
Property and equipment, net

—

—

12,900

—

12,900
Investments in affiliates

26,650

27,021

—

(53,671)

—
Advances to affiliates

—

—

18,655

(18,655)

—
Other assets

5

10

8,628

—

8,643
Total assets

$
29,706

$
27,035

$
42,763

$
(72,326)

$
27,178

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:










Current portion of long-term debt

$
164

$
—

$
223

$
—

$
387
Accounts payable and other current liabilities

99

3

2,581

—

2,683

263

3

2,804

—

3,070
Long-term debt, less current portion

10,589

248

2,228

—

13,065
Due to affiliates

18,818

137

6,709

(25,664)

—
Other liabilities

2

—

4,296

—

4,298
Total liabilities

29,672

388

16,037

(25,664)

20,433
Equity:










Stockholders’ equity

6,743

26,647

27,024

(53,671)

6,743
Advances to affiliates

(6,709)

—

(300)

7,009

—
Noncontrolling interests

—

—

2

—

2

34

26,647

26,726

(46,662)

6,745
Total liabilities and equity

$
29,706

$
27,035

$
42,763

$
(72,326)

$
27,178

~~WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS (Continued)~~

in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~

WM

Non-Guarantor


WM

Holdings

Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:










Cash and cash equivalents

$
3,485

$
—

$
76

$
—

$
3,561
Other current assets

2

4

2,642

—

2,648

3,487

4

2,718

—

6,209
Property and equipment, net

—

—

12,893

—

12,893
Investments in affiliates

26,221

26,673

—

(52,894)

—
Advances to affiliates

—

—

19,047

(19,047)

—
Other assets

6

10

8,625

—

8,641
Total assets

$
29,714

$
26,687

$
43,283

$
(71,941)

$
27,743

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:










Current portion of long-term debt

$
15

$
—

$
203

$
—

$
218
Accounts payable and other current liabilities

105

7

2,814

—

2,926

120

7

3,017

—

3,144
Long-term debt, less current portion

10,736

248

2,296

—

13,280
Due to affiliates

19,131

214

7,345

(26,690)

—
Other liabilities

4

—

4,245

—

4,249
Total liabilities

29,991

469

16,903

(26,690)

20,673
Equity:










Stockholders’ equity

7,068

26,218

26,676

(52,894)

7,068
Advances to affiliates

(7,345)

—

(298)

7,643

—
Noncontrolling interests

—

—

2

—

2

(277)

26,218

26,380

(45,251)

7,070
Total liabilities and equity

$
29,714

$
26,687

$
43,283

$
(71,941)

$
27,743

2020. Total enterprise value of the acquisition was $4.6 billion when including approximately $1.8 billion of Advanced Disposal’s net debt and is subject to post-closing adjustments. The acquisition was funded using our $3.0 billion revolving credit facility and commercial paper borrowings. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion of our $3.0 billion revolving credit facility and commercial paper program.

~~WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS~~

~~Three Months Ended March 31, 2020~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

WM

Non‑Guarantor


WM

Holdings

Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated
Operating revenues

$
—

$
—

$
3,729

$
—

$
3,729
Costs and expenses

—

—

3,156

—

3,156
Income from operations

—

—

573

—

573
Other income (expense):










Interest expense, net

(93)

(4)

(15)

—

(112)
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries, net of tax

429

432

—

(861)

—
Other, net

—

—

(26)

—

(26)

336

428

(41)

(861)

(138)
Income before income taxes

336

428

532

(861)

435
Income tax expense (benefit)

(25)

(1)

100

—

74
Consolidated net income

361

429

432

(861)

361
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests

—

—

—

—

—
Net income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.

$
361

$
429

$
432

$
(861)

$
361

~~Three Months Ended March 31, 2019~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

WM

Non‑Guarantor


WM

Holdings

Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated
Operating revenues

$
—

$
—

$
3,696

$
—

$
3,696
Costs and expenses

—

—

3,075

—

3,075
Income from operations

—

—

621

—

621
Other income (expense):










Interest expense, net

(80)

(5)

(11)

—

(96)
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries, net of tax

406

413

—

(819)

—
Other, net

—

(3)

(60)

—

(63)

326

405

(71)

(819)

(159)
Income before income taxes

326

405

550

(819)

462
Income tax expense (benefit)

(21)

(1)

137

—

115
Consolidated net income

347

406

413

(819)

347
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests

—

—

—

—

—
Net income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.

$
347

$
406

$
413

$
(819)

$
347

~~WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

WM

Non-Guarantor


WM

Holdings

Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated
Three Months Ended March 31:










2020










Comprehensive income

$
363

$
429

$
347

$
(861)

$
278
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests

—

—

—

—

—
Comprehensive income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.

$
363

$
429

$
347

$
(861)

$
278

2019










Comprehensive income

$
349

$
406

$
445

$
(819)

$
381
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests

—

—

—

—

—
Comprehensive income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.

$
349

$
406

$
445

$
(819)

$
381

~~WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS~~

~~Three Months Ended March 31, 2020~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

WM

Non-Guarantor


WM(a)

Holdings(a)

Subsidiaries(a)

Eliminations

Consolidated
Cash flows provided by (used in):










Operating activities

$
17

$
—

$
748

$
—

$
765
Investing activities

—

—

(503)

—

(503)
Financing activities

—

—

(668)

—

(668)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents

—

—

(4)

—

(4)
Intercompany activity

(453)

—

453

—

—
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents

(436)

—

26

—

(410)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

3,485

—

162

—

3,647
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$
3,049

$
—

$
188

$
—

$
3,237

~~Three Months Ended March 31, 2019~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

WM

Non-Guarantor


WM(a)

Holdings(a)

Subsidiaries(a)

Eliminations

Consolidated
Cash flows provided by (used in):










Operating activities

$
—

$
—

$
890

$
—

$
890
Investing activities

—

—

(800)

—

(800)
Financing activities

—

—

42

—

42
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents

—

—

—

—

—
Intercompany activity

—

—

—

—

—
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents

—

—

132

—

132
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

—

—

183

—

183
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$
—

$
—

$
315

$
—

$
315

~~(a)~~

Cash receipts and payments of WM and WM Holdings are transacted by Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents of WM as of March 31, 2020 include remaining proceeds from our 2019 senior note issuances.

~~15. Subsequent Event~~

~~The challenges posed~~We and Advanced Disposal entered into a Divestiture Agreement that provided for GFL Environmental Inc. to acquire a combination of assets from us and Advanced Disposal to address divestitures required by the ~~COVID-19 pandemic~~U.S. Department of Justice in connection with the Advanced Disposal acquisition. Immediately following the Merger Agreement closing on October 30, 2020, the ~~global economy increased rapidly at~~transactions contemplated by the end of the first quarter of 2020, impacting our business in most geographies and across a variety of our customer types. Steps taken by national and local governments to slow the spread of the virus, including travel bans, prohibitions on group events and gatherings, shutdowns of certain businesses, curfews, shelter-in-place orders and recommendations to practice social

~~WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.~~

~~NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

distancing have resulted in revenue declines at our landfills, as well as decreased service levels from our industrial and commercial collection customers. Additionally, the cost to service our residential customers has increased as stay-at-home orders have increased the waste we collect in this line of business. Given the timing of many of these impacts, COVID-19 did not have a material adverse impact on our financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020. However, we expect the COVID-19 pandemic to have a negative impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows in the near term. The ultimate impacts of COVID-19 on our long-term outlook for the business will depend on future developments, including the duration of the pandemicDivestiture Agreement were consummated and the ~~related length~~Company received cash proceeds from the sale of ~~its impact on the global economy. These factors and their impacts on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.~~

$856.4 million, subject to certain post-closing adjustments.

2827

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included under Item 1 and our Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto and related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements that are made subject to the safe harbor protections provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the words, “will,” “may,” “should,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “forecast,” “project,” “estimate,” “intend,” and words of a similar nature and include estimates or projections of financial and other data; comments on expectations relating to future periods; plans or objectives for the future; and statements of opinion, view or belief about current and future events, circumstances or performance. You should view these statements with caution. They are based on the facts and circumstances known to us as of the date the statements are made. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to be materially different from those set forth in such forward-looking statements, including but not limited to, increased competition; pricing actions; failure to implement our optimization, growth, and cost savings initiatives and overall business strategy; failure to identify acquisition targets and negotiate attractive terms; failure to ~~consummate or~~ integrate the acquisition of Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. (“Advanced Disposal”) or other acquisitions; failure to obtain the results anticipated from the acquisition of Advanced Disposal ~~Services, Inc.~~ or other acquisitions; environmental and other regulations, including developments related to emerging contaminants and renewable fuel; commodity price fluctuations; international trade restrictions; weakness in general economic conditions and capital markets; public health risk and other impacts of COVID-19 or similar pandemic conditions, including increased costs, social and commercial disruption, service reductions and other adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows; failure to obtain and maintain necessary permits; disposal alternatives and waste diversion; declining waste volumes; failure to develop and protect new technology; failure of technology to perform as expected, including implementation of a new enterprise resource planning system; failure to prevent, detect and address cybersecurity incidents or comply with privacy regulations; significant environmental or other incidents resulting in liabilities and brand damage; significant storms and destructive events influenced by climate change; labor disruptions; impairment charges; negative outcomes of litigation or governmental proceedings and other risks discussed in our filings with the SEC, including Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as updated by Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors, included in ~~this~~our Quarterly ~~Report~~Reports on Form 10-Q for the ~~quarterly period~~quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, including financial estimates and forecasts, whether as a result of future events, circumstances or developments or otherwise.

Overview

We are North America’s leading provider of comprehensive waste management environmental services. We partner with our residential, commercial, industrial and municipal customers and the communities we serve to manage and reduce waste at each stage from collection to disposal, while recovering valuable resources and creating clean, renewable energy. We own or operate the largest network of landfills in North America. In order to make disposal more practical for larger urban markets, where the distance to landfills is typically farther, we manage transfer stations that consolidate, compact and transport waste efficiently and economically. We also use waste to create energy, recovering the gas produced naturally as waste decomposes in landfills and using the gas in generators to make electricity. Additionally, we are a leading recycler in North America, handling materials that include paper, cardboard, glass, plastic and metal. Our “Solid Waste” business is operated and managed locally by our subsidiaries that focus on distinct geographic areas and provides collection, transfer, disposal, and recycling and resource recovery services. Through our subsidiaries, we are also a leading developer, operator and owner of landfill gas-to-energy facilities in the United States (“U.S.”).

Our Solid Waste operating revenues are primarily generated from fees charged for our collection, transfer, disposal, and recycling and resource recovery services, and from sales of commodities by our recycling and landfill gas-to-energy operations. Revenues from our collection operations are influenced by factors such as collection frequency, type of collection equipment furnished, type and volume or weight of the waste collected, distance to the disposal facility or

material recovery facility and our disposal costs. Revenues from our landfill operations consist of tipping fees, which are

generally based on the type and weight or volume of waste being disposed of at our disposal facilities. Fees charged at transfer stations are generally based on the weight or volume of waste deposited, taking into account our cost of loading, transporting and disposing of the solid waste at a disposal site. Recycling revenues generally consist of tipping fees and the sale of recycling commodities to third parties. The fees we charge for our services generally include our environmental fee, fuel surcharge and regulatory recovery fee which are intended to pass through to customers direct and indirect costs incurred. We also provide additional services that are not managed through our Solid Waste business, described under Results of Operations below.

COVID-19 Update

In January 2020, ~~the World Health Organization (“WHO”) declared~~ a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and was subsequently declared ~~COVID-19~~ a global pandemic in March 2020. We have contingency plans in place to ensure continuity of operations at our collection sites, transfer stations, landfills and recycling facilities. These plans ensure that we are in compliance with federal, state, provincial and local ~~rules.~~guidelines. Key elements of our business continuity ~~plans~~plan have been executed consistently across the ~~organization and our~~organization. Our safety team has medical experts and industrial hygienists that are continuously monitoring and incorporating guidance from ~~the WHO and other~~ relevant authorities. To date our existing personal protective equipment, hygiene and operating procedures comply with guidelines established to protect our employees from additional risks associated with COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic and related measures have had a significant adverse impact on many sectors of the economy. Waste Management provides essential services to a diverse customer base and, as a result, ~~certain~~many elements of our business are less exposed to variability. Despite these favorable attributes of our business model, we expect the impacts of COVID-19 on our business to ~~be significant.~~continue for the remainder of the year.

~~In March 2020, the effects of~~ COVID-19 began to impact our business asin mid-March 2020, the results of which are described in ~~more~~ detail under Results of Operations below. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy increased rapidly at the end of the first quarter of 2020 and have continued through the date of this report, impacting our business in most geographies and across a variety of our customer types. Steps taken by national and local governments to slow the spread of the virus, including travel bans, prohibitions on group events and gatherings, shutdowns of certain businesses, curfews, shelter-in-place orders and recommendations to practice social distancing ~~have~~ resulted in revenue declines at our landfills, as well as decreased ~~service levels~~demand from our industrial and commercial collection customers. Additionally, within the residential line of business, the cost to service our ~~residential~~ customers has increased as stay-at-home orders and continuing work-from-home trends have increased the waste we ~~collect~~collect. While we have seen improvement in ~~this line~~our landfill and industrial and commercial collection volumes, from the lowest levels observed in April 2020, uncertainty continues in the pace of ~~business.~~business and economic recovery. In the event that cities and states pause or reverse re-openings, our improving volume trends could reverse in the near term.

The Company has proactively taken steps to put our ~~customers’~~employees’ and ~~employees’~~customers’ needs first and we continue to work with the appropriate regulatory agencies to ensure we can provide our essential services safely and efficiently. ~~With a~~These efforts are, in some instances, reducing short-term revenues or increasing our costs, though they are sound decisions that reflect our focus on customers, we have temporarily waived and suspended certain ancillary service charges until further notice, extended payment terms and adjusted service levels, which will result in a negative impact tothe long-term strength of our revenue, earnings and cash flows. In addition, we are working with municipalities to address the increase in residential volumes and recycling challenges in areas where there have been processing disruptions.business. Examples of these efforts include:

Employees — We have ~~also incurred costs related to~~prioritized the health, safety and financial security of our workforce. ~~This includes~~As local government bodies began to implement stay at home orders and as business closures became more prevalent during the first half of 2020, key steps taken for our workforce included (i) transitioning back-office employees to ~~work-from-home and~~work-from-home; (ii) providing financial certainty to employees by guaranteeing all full-time hourly employees compensation for a 40-hour work week regardless of service ~~decreases.~~

~~We are prudently managing~~decreases; (iii) securing additional personal protective equipment to bolster the safety and security of our ~~response~~workplaces and (iv) guaranteeing elements of incentive compensation to certain employees to reflect our appreciation for their dedication and focus on executing well in the face of the pandemic. During the third quarter, with many government bodies taking steps to re-open communities, we have returned many of our back-office employees to our offices safely and in accordance with federal and local laws and regulations.

Customers — Our top priority with respect to our customers has been ensuring that essential waste service needs continue to be safely met despite the unprecedented changes encountered in their communities. During the initial months of the pandemic, we worked with customers impacted by the COVID-19 ~~pandemic;~~pandemic to waive and suspend certain ancillary service charges, defer certain annual price increases, extend payment terms, adjust customer service levels and provide qualifying small and medium businesses with one month of free service upon re-opening. Beginning in July, with communities and governments re-opening, social distancing and safety measures being adopted, and signs of an improving economy, we resumed fees and price increases in accordance with our contractual terms.

The above steps, combined with our disciplined execution in our daily operations, have positioned the Company to prudently manage the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. The fundamentals of the Company continue to remain strong and we believe we have sufficient liquidity on hand to continue business operations during this volatile period.

We estimate that COVID-19 has had the following notable impacts on our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:

Revenues — During ~~March~~the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we ~~saw~~experienced a ~~$40 million~~ negative impact to revenue ~~from business closures~~of approximately $240 million and ~~reduction~~$680 million, respectively, that we attribute to reductions in customers’ waste service needs as a result of COVID-19. WeWhile the customer-centric steps discussed above have also contributed to this revenue decline, these impacts have been relatively immaterial to the overall revenue decline. As mentioned above, our volumes, particularly in our landfill and industrial and commercial collection lines of businesses, have improved from the lows experienced in April 2020, though the pace of volume recovery has moderated in recent weeks.

Operating Expenses — Volume-driven revenue declines and our strategic focus on proactive cost management led to a significant reduction in certain variable operating expenses. These reductions have been most significant in labor costs where we have focused on developing an ~~increase~~optimal work week which reduces overtime hours, and maintenance and repairs. The revenue declines due to the COVID-19 pandemic have had a greater impact on our higher margin business lines, which could have negatively impacted our operating costs as a percentage of revenues. Despite this, our proactive cost management efforts have positioned us to reduce our overall operating expenses as a percentage of revenues when compared with the prior year periods. These cost decreases have been partially offset by the impacts of (i) the 40-hour work week guarantee and (ii) increases in container weights in our residential collection line of business, which increased our overall cost to serve these customers. However, we are starting to see a decline in each of these costs as volumes return and residential container weights normalize as schools and businesses are re-opening.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses — COVID-19 impacts on our customers and related customer receipts has led to an increase in the ~~customer. In addition, as a result of our initiative~~provision for bad debts for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. However, we are encouraged to ~~transition our~~see overall improvement in the provision for bad debts driven by successful collection efforts during the three months ended September 30, 2020. Additionally, during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 we incurred costs associated with transitioning back-office employees to a work-from-home environment ~~we incurred $6 million in technology~~and costs related ~~costs. Further, we increased our reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable by approximately $5 million as of March 31, 2020 due~~ to the expected negative impacts on customer receipts we project from the COVID-19 pandemic. The additional technology costs and bad debt reserve increased our sales, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020. These impacts did not have a material adverse impact on our financial statements as of andemployee pay guarantees.

~~for the three months ended March 31, 2020. However, we expect the COVID-19 pandemic to have a negative impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows in the near term.~~ The ultimate impacts of COVID-19 on our long-term outlook for the business will depend on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic and ~~the related length~~pace of ~~its impact on the global economy.~~economic recovery. These factors and their impacts on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

~~See Part II, Item 1A.~~ ~~Risk Factors~~ We remain focused on the diligent and safe execution of our daily operations. Additionally, we are focused on ensuring that we emerge from this pandemic a stronger, more differentiated company positioned as the service provider of choice for ~~further discussion of~~ the ~~possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.~~long-term.

Strategy

Our fundamental strategy has not changed; we remain dedicated to providing long-term value to our stockholders by successfully executing our core strategy of focused differentiation and continuous improvement. We have enabled a people-first, technology-led focus, that leverages and sustains the strongest asset network in the industry to drive best-in-class customer experience and growth. Our strategic planning processes appropriately consider that the future of our business and the industry can be influenced by changes in economic conditions, the competitive landscape, the regulatory environment, asset and resource availability and technology. We believe that focused differentiation, which is driven by capitalizing on our unique and extensive network of assets, will deliver profitable growth and position us to leverage competitive advantages. Simultaneously, we believe the combination of cost control, process improvement and operational efficiency will deliver on the Company’s strategy of continuous improvement and yield an attractive total cost structure and enhanced service quality. While we will continue to monitor emerging diversion technologies that may generate additional value and related market dynamics, our current attention will be on improving existing diversion technologies, such as our recycling operations. We believe the execution of our strategy will deliver shareholder value and leadership in a dynamic industry and challenging economic environment.

Business Environment

The waste industry is a comparatively mature and stable industry. However, customers increasingly expect more of their waste materials to be recovered and those waste streams are becoming more complex. In addition, many state and local governments mandate diversion, recycling and waste reduction at the source and prohibit the disposal of certain types of waste at landfills. We monitor these developments to adapt our services offerings. As companies, individuals and communities look for ways to be more sustainable, we promote our comprehensive services that go beyond our core business of collecting and disposing of waste in order to meet their needs.

Despite some industry consolidation in recent years, we encounter intense competition from governmental, quasi-governmental and private service providers based on pricing, service quality, customer experience and breadth of service offerings. Our industry is directly affected by changes in general economic factors, including increases and decreases in consumer spending, business expansions and construction ~~starts.~~activity. These factors generally correlate to volumes of waste generated and impact our revenue. Negative economic conditions, including the impact of COVID-19, can and have caused customers to reduce their service needs. Such negative economic conditions, in addition to competitor actions, can and have made it more challenging to implement our pricing strategy and negotiate, renew or expand service contracts with acceptable margins. We also encounter competition for acquisitions and growth opportunities. General economic factors and the market for consumer goods, in addition to regulatory developments, can also significantly impact commodity prices for the recyclable materials we sell. ~~Our~~Significant components of our operating expenses ~~are~~vary directly ~~impacted by volume levels;~~ as ~~volume levels shift,~~we experience changes in revenue due to ~~economic~~volume. Volume changes can vary dramatically by line of business and ~~other factors,~~decreases in volumes in higher margin businesses, such as what we have seen with COVID-19, can impact key financial metrics, particularly operating expense as a percentage of revenue. In this type of environment, we must dynamically manage our ~~network capacity~~cost structure.

Our financial results for the three and ~~cost structure accordingly.~~

~~We experienced overall growth~~nine months ended September 30, 2020 reflect declines in our collection and disposal lines of business ~~in the first quarter~~as a result of ~~2020; however, volume growth was muted by~~ the negative impacts of ~~COVID-19 beginning~~COVID-19. These impacts began in March 2020 and continued through the ~~continued downward pressure~~third quarter of 2020, although we began to experience notable recoveries in ~~market values for recycled commodities.~~volumes during the third quarter of 2020. Given the ~~current~~ongoing pressures on the business from COVID-19, we ~~are taking~~continue to take proactive steps to ~~mitigate~~reduce costs and maximize cash flow. These steps include (i) optimizing our route structure to respond proactively to lower industrial and commercial collection volumes; (ii) implementing an optimal work week which reduces overtime hours; (iii) limiting hiring and optimizing the ~~impact~~existing workforce through greatly improved retention and ~~preserve shareholder value. To~~reduced turnover and (iv) reducing or eliminating certain non-essential costs and expenses like travel and entertainment. Additionally, to enhance our liquidity, ~~position~~we are maintaining a disciplined focus on capital management by aligning additional investments with the revenue generation of the business, reducing capital spending on our landfill assets, and managing container capital in ~~response to COVID-19, we~~conjunction with our customers’ volumes. We have also elected to temporarily suspend additional share repurchases for the foreseeable future. Additionally, we will continue to maintain a disciplined focus on capital management. To address the lower recycled commodities, we have maintained our focus on providing financial returns by driving a fee-based pricing model thatremainder of 2020.

COVID-19 has also had impacts on the recycling line of business, including the creation of a short-term dislocation in the supply and demand dynamics for recycled commodities in the U.S. which increased market prices for certain commodities. While the recent decline in supply of recycled materials drove an increase in market prices for certain commodities, we continue to invest and seek opportunities for cost improvement as we remain steadfast in our commitment to improve the profitability and returns of the recycling line of business in any economic environment. We have maintained our focus on converting to a fee-based pricing model that addresses the cost of processing materials and the impact on our ~~costs of contamination.~~ cost structure to manage contamination in the recycling stream.

We believe that the Company’s industry-leading asset network and strategic focuses on investing in people and technology will give the Company the necessary tools to address the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic and the impacts on our industry. In line with our commitment to continuous improvement and a differentiated customer experience, we are accelerating our customer service digitalization initiative to change the way we interact with our customers. Enhancements made through this initiative are designed to seamlessly and digitally connect all the Company’s functions required to service our customers in order to provide the best experience and service.

Current ~~Quarter~~Period Financial Results

During the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020, we ~~achieved an overall increase~~delivered strong operating income and cash flows despite revenue declines in ~~operating results for~~ our collection and disposal lines of ~~business; however,~~business due to the ~~volume growth was muted by~~COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to take intentional steps to decrease our operating costs and eliminate discretionary selling, general and administrative expenses to mitigate the ~~impacts of COVID-19 beginning~~impact from the declines in ~~March 2020. The Company continued its commitment~~our volumes. In addition to ~~supporting organic growth by allocating $459 million of available cash~~our focus on reducing certain costs, we took proactive steps to manage our capital ~~expenditures. The Company also allocated $638 million to its shareholders during the first quarter of 2020 through dividends and common stock repurchases.~~spending.

Key elements of our financial results for the ~~first~~current quarter include:

●

Revenues of ~~$3,729~~$3,861 million, compared with ~~$3,696~~$3,967 million in the prior year period, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$33~~$106 million, or ~~0.9%~~2.7%. ~~The increase~~This is ~~primarily attributable to (i) higher yield and volume in our collection and disposal business and (ii) acquisitions, net~~a significant improvement from the same comparison for the second quarter of ~~divestitures, partially offset~~2020, where revenues declined by ~~lower market prices for recycling commodities. The~~9.8% on a year-over-year basis. In the third quarter of 2020, the year-over-year comparison ~~has been~~continued to be negatively impacted by ~~revenue~~volume declines ~~in March 2020~~ resulting from ~~business closures and~~a reduction in customers’ waste service needs associated with the COVID-19 ~~pandemic;~~pandemic. In addition, the Company’s year-over-year revenue comparison was impacted by (i) a decline of $42 million from lower fuel surcharges due to a significant decrease in market rates for diesel fuel and (ii) natural disaster clean-up efforts in 2019. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, natural disaster related events were inconsequential to our results. These revenue declines have been partially offset by increases in revenue from collection and disposal yield, and recycling yield driven by higher commodity prices;

●

Operating expenses of ~~$2,329~~$2,332 million, or ~~62.5%~~60.4% of revenues, compared with ~~$2,298~~$2,441 million, or ~~62.2%~~61.5% of revenues, in the prior year period. The ~~$31~~$109 million ~~increase~~decrease is ~~primarily attributable~~directly related to ~~(i) higher volumes particularly~~proactive steps taken to manage our variable costs in the ~~first two months of the quarter; (ii) a $10 million charge primarily~~lower volume environment. The revenue declines due to the COVID-19 pandemic have had a ~~decrease in~~greater impact on our higher margin business lines, which could have negatively impacted operating costs as a percentage of revenues. Despite this, our proactive cost management efforts positioned us to reduce overall operating expenses as a percentage of revenues when compared with the risk-free discount rate, which is based on the rate for U.S. Treasury bonds, used in the measurement of our environmental remediation obligations and recovery assets and (iii) one additional workday in the currentprior year ~~period, partially offset by lower cost of goods sold primarily driven by the decline in market prices for recycling commodities;~~period;

●

Selling, general and administrative expenses ~~were $425~~of $416 million, or ~~11.4%~~10.8% of revenues, compared with ~~$409~~$386 million, or ~~11.1%~~9.7% of revenues, in the prior year period. The ~~$16 million~~year-over-year increase is primarily attributable to (i) higher long-term incentive compensation costs; (ii) increased acquisition-related costs; (iii) higher costs associated with ~~planned~~ investments in our people and ~~technology; (ii) increased acquisition-related costs~~technology and ~~(iii)~~(iv) costs incurred as a direct result of the COVID-19 ~~pandemic such as technology costs~~pandemic. These cost increases were offset, in part, by the proactive steps that we have taken to transition employees to work-from-home and personal protective equipment to ensure safety for our frontline employees. These higher costs were partially offset by lower incentive compensation and litigation reserves in the current period;reduce discretionary expenses;

●

Income from operations was ~~$573~~$680 million, or ~~15.4%~~17.6% of revenues, compared with ~~$621~~$734 million, or ~~16.8%~~18.5% of revenues, in the prior year period. The proactive steps that management has taken to control our costs in a period of volume decline has significantly mitigated the negative impact to our income from operations. However, the year-over-year comparison has ~~primarily~~ been affected by (i) higher long-term incentive compensation costs; (ii) an increase in spending for the acquisition of Advanced Disposal; (iii) investments we are making in technology and ~~acquisition-related~~

(iv) net charges primarily related to non-cash impairments of certain assets within our WM Renewable Energy business and restructuring costs inassociated with our customer service and sales functions during the current period, which increased selling, general and administrative expenses; (ii) investments made in capital assets, including trucks and facilities, which increased depreciation and amortization expense and (iii) the overall negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to our business;year period;

●

Net income attributable to Waste Management, Inc. was ~~$361~~$390 million, or ~~$0.85~~$0.92 per diluted share, compared with ~~$347~~$495 million, or ~~$0.81~~$1.16 per diluted share, in the prior year period. In addition to the activity discussed above, net income in the current period was also impacted by ~~(i) an increase in net interest expense primarily related to our May 2019 issuance~~a pre-tax loss of ~~$4.0 billion~~$52 million associated with the early extinguishment of ~~senior notes and (ii) lower income tax expense;~~debt;

●

Net cash provided by operating activities was ~~$765~~$1,029 million compared with ~~$890~~$952 million in the prior year ~~period,~~period. We continued to generate strong cash from operations in the third quarter of 2020 due to the resilience of our business, improved customer receipts and deliberate steps we have taken to reduce our costs in response to lower volumes. Strong operating performance provided the foundation for the current quarter’s cash from operations, with the ~~decline~~increase from the prior year quarter driven by (i) favorable changes in our operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures; (ii) cash benefits associated with deferring certain payroll taxes as provided for by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) and (iii) lower income tax payments due to a decrease in pre-tax income and the timing of estimated tax payments. These positive cash flow impacts have been partially offset by an increase in interest payments related to ~~unfavorable working capital changes, including a reduction in customer receipts at~~debt incurred to position us to fund the ~~end of the first quarter that we attribute to COVID-19, as well as higher interest and incentive compensation payments;~~Advance Disposal acquisition; and

●

Free cash flow was ~~$318~~$691 million compared with ~~$431~~$478 million in the prior year period. The ~~decrease~~increase in free cash flow is due to the increase in net cash provided by operating activities noted above ~~was slightly offset by a decrease~~and an intentional reduction in capital ~~expenditures.~~expenditures during the current year period where we have taken proactive steps to reduce the amount of capital spending required to align with the lower volumes in our business. Free cash

flow is a non-GAAP measure of liquidity. Refer to Free Cash Flow below for our definition of free cash flow, additional information about our use of this measure, and a reconciliation to net cash provided by operating activities, which is the most comparable GAAP measure.

Results of Operations

Operating Revenues

We evaluate, oversee and manage the financial performance of our Solid Waste business subsidiaries through our 17 Areas. We also provide additional services that are not managed through our Solid Waste business, including operations managed by both our Strategic Business Solutions (“WMSBS”) and Energy and Environmental Services (“EES”) ~~organizations,~~businesses, recycling brokerage services, landfill gas-to-energy services and certain other expanded service offerings and solutions.

The mix of operating revenues from our major lines of business ~~for three months ended March 31~~ is reflected in the table below (in millions):


					Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
					September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019
Commercial	$	1,063	$	1,026	$	1,025	$	1,069	$	3,016	$	3,147
Residential		650		640		662		661		1,969		1,956
Industrial		693		680		709		766		2,027		2,190
Other collection		112		109		120		130		347		361
Total collection		2,518		2,455		2,516		2,626		7,359		7,654
Landfill		887		864		946		993		2,707		2,880
Transfer		441		412		482		471		1,362		1,357
Recycling		254		291		290		245		819		800
Other (a)		430		431		458		469		1,297		1,345
Intercompany (b)		(801)		(757)		(831)		(837)		(2,393)		(2,427)
Total	$	3,729	$	3,696	$	3,861	$	3,967	$	11,151	$	11,609

(a)	The “Other” line of business includes (i) our WMSBS ~~organization;~~business; (ii) our landfill gas-to-energy operations; (iii) certain services within our EES ~~organization,~~business, including our construction and remediation services and our services associated

with the disposal of fly ash and (iv) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions. In addition, our “Other” line of business reflects the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity. Activity related to collection, landfill, transfer and recycling within “Other” has been reclassified to the appropriate line of business for purposes of the presentation in this table.

(b)	Intercompany revenues between lines of business are eliminated in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report.

The following table provides details associated with the period-to-period changes in revenues and average yield (dollars in millions):


		Period-to-Period Change for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 vs. 2019							Period-to-Period Change for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 vs. 2019									Period-to-Period Change for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 vs. 2019
			As a % of				As a % of				As a % of				As a % of				As a % of				As a % of
			Related				Total				Related				Total				Related				Total
	Amount		Business(a)		Amount		Company(b)		Amount		Business(a)		Amount		Company(b)		Amount		Business(a)		Amount		Company(b)
Collection and disposal	$	72	2.2	%					$	93	2.6	%					$	220	2.1	%
Recycling commodities (c)		(59)	(21.0)							39	16.6							4	0.6
Fuel surcharges and mandated fees		(16)	(10.8)							(42)	(27.3)							(118)	(25.3)
Total average yield (d)					$	(3)	(0.1)	%					$	90	2.3	%					$	106	0.9	%
Volume						10	0.3							(197)	(5.0)							(593)	(5.1)
Internal revenue growth						7	0.2							(107)	(2.7)							(487)	(4.2)
Acquisitions						29	0.8							4	—							43	0.4
Divestitures						(1)	—							(1)	—							(3)	—
Foreign currency translation						(2)	(0.1)							(2)	—							(11)	(0.1)
Total					$	33	0.9	%					$	(106)	(2.7)	%					$	(458)	(3.9)	%

(a)	Calculated by dividing the increase or decrease for the current year period by the prior year period’s related business revenue adjusted to exclude the impacts of divestitures for the current year period.

(b)	Calculated by dividing the increase or decrease for the current year period by the prior year period’s total Company revenue adjusted to exclude the impacts of divestitures for the current year period.

(c)	Includes ~~net~~combined impact of commodity price variability and changes in fees.

(d)	The amounts reported herein represent the changes in our revenue attributable to average yield for the total Company.

The following provides further details associated with our period-to-period change in revenues:

Average Yield

Collection and Disposal Average Yield — This measure reflects the effect on our revenue from the pricing activities of our collection, transfer and landfill lines of business, exclusive of volume changes. Revenue growth from collection and disposal average yield includes not only base rate changes and environmental and service fee increases, but also (i) certain average price changes related to the overall mix of services, which are due to the types of services provided; (ii) changes in average price from new and lost business and (iii) price decreases to retain customers.

The details of our revenue growth from collection and disposal average yield are as follows (dollars in millions):

Period-to-Period Change for the

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2020 vs. 2019

As a % of

Related

Amount

Business

Commercial

$
22

2.3
%
Industrial

23

3.6

Residential

12

2.0

Total collection

57

2.5

Landfill

9

1.7

Transfer

6

2.9

Total collection and disposal

$
72

2.2
%


	Period-to-Period Change for the				Period-to-Period Change for the
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020 vs. 2019				September 30, 2020 vs. 2019
			As a % of				As a % of
			Related				Related
	Amount		Business		Amount		Business
Commercial	$	34	3.4	%	$	73	2.5	%
Industrial		21	3.0			51	2.5
Residential		22	3.5			50	2.6
Total collection		77	3.2			174	2.5
Landfill		7	1.1			24	1.3
Transfer		9	3.6			22	3.0
Total collection and disposal	$	93	2.6	%	$	220	2.1	%

Our overall strategic pricing efforts ~~continue~~that are focused on improving our average unit rate have proven to ~~focus on ensuring we overcome inflationary cost pressures and grow margins. This strategy has been most successful~~be effective, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in our ~~collection line of~~commercial business. ~~Overall, for~~During the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020, ~~we continued to experience growth~~ in our landfill and transfer businesses with our municipal solid waste business experiencing 3.0% average yield growth. However, during March 2020 we began to see the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our average yield. We are monitoring the global outbreak of COVID-19 and taking steps to mitigate the potential business impact to our customers. In order to support the continuity of our customers’ businesses, we ~~have~~made certain customer-centric pricing decisions such as temporarily ~~waived~~waiving and ~~suspended~~suspending certain ancillary service charges ~~until further notice~~as well as delaying price increases in certain markets, which negatively impacted our year-to-date average yield. However, beginning in July 2020, we resumed fees and ~~adjusted service levels, which may result~~price increases in ~~a negative impact to~~accordance with contractual terms and our average ~~yield.~~yield rebounded as expected.

Recycling Commodities — ~~Decreases in the market prices for recycling commodities resulted in a revenue decline of $59 million for~~During the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, as compared with the prior year period. We partially offset our revenue decline by assessing fees to cover the higher costs of handling contaminated recycling materials. Average market prices for recycling commodities at the Company’s facilities were approximately 30% lower for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared with the prior year period. With the impacts on waste streams from COVID-19, demand for recycled materialthere was a 33% increase in ~~the U.S. is exceeding supply, which has provided increases in market prices for certain commodities. We expect this dislocation will normalize and overall,~~ average market prices for ~~recycling~~the recycled commodities ~~are expected~~we sell when compared to the prior year. The significant increase was driven by a short-term dislocation in supply and demand dynamics for recycled materials, largely due to COVID-19 decreases in the supply of recycled materials. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, average market prices for recycled commodities increased approximately 7% compared to the prior year. We expect market pricing levels to remain relatively flat for the remainder of the year. While these prices are meaningfully higher than 2019 market pricing levels, they continue to be well below long-term averages.

Fuel Surcharges and Mandated Fees — These fees, which are predominantly generated by our fuel surcharge program, declined ~~$16~~$42 million and $118 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, respectively, as compared with the prior year ~~period.~~periods. These revenues are based on, and fluctuate in response to, changes in the national average prices for diesel fuel. ~~Market~~Given the downturn in oil and gas markets, market prices for diesel fuel decreased approximately 4%20% and 15% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, respectively, compared with the prior year ~~period.~~periods. Additionally, ~~the reclassification of a portion of our~~we have taken steps to transition certain customers’ pricing away from non-variable fuel ~~surcharge revenues, not associated with our variable index,~~structures, which has further contributed to the year-over-year decline.

The mandated fees are primarily related to fees and taxes assessed by various state, county and municipal government agencies at our landfills and transfer stations. These amounts have not significantly impacted the change in revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Volume

Our revenues from volumes ~~increased $10~~(excluding volumes from acquisitions and divestitures) decreased $197 million, or ~~0.3%~~5.0%, and $593 million, or 5.1%, for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, respectively, as compared with the prior year ~~period, excluding volumes from acquisitions~~periods.

Beginning in March 2020 and ~~divestitures.~~

~~We experienced higher volumes in~~continuing throughout the ~~first~~third quarter of 2020, ~~particularly during the first two months of the year due to~~ our ~~continued focus on customer service~~industrial and ~~disciplined growth in our~~commercial collection and ~~disposal business. We~~landfill businesses experienced significant volume ~~growth with existing customers, particularly in our commercial collection business~~declines as a result of ~~proactive efforts taken~~the COVID-19 pandemic. While we have seen improvement in our landfill and industrial and commercial collection volumes, from the lowest levels observed in April 2020, our volumes continue to ~~work with our customers as their needs expand to identify service upgrade opportunities. We saw higher~~be meaningfully below prior year, particularly in special waste and construction and demolition volumes at ~~our transfer stations~~the landfill and project-driven work in the current period driven by one-time event projects. However, current period volume growth was partially muted by the clean-up efforts of natural disasters throughout the U.S. in the first quarter of 2019 which did not reoccur in the first quarter of 2020. Additionally, the volume growth we experienced in the first two months of 2020industrial collection business. We are optimistic about

~~was partially offset by significant~~the improving trend seen over the course of the third quarter, during which we saw sequential improvement in almost every part of our business. However, we remain cautious about the extent of volume ~~declines~~recovery as we have seen the pace of such recovery moderate in ~~March 2020 as compared with prior year period, particularly~~recent weeks, and there remains risk that private and government bodies could pause or reverse re-openings in response to COVID-19 developments. Additionally, while natural disaster clean-up efforts benefited our ~~landfill~~2019 volumes, they were inconsequential to our results for the three and ~~commercial and industrial collection businesses. We expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to adversely impact our volume results in the near term.~~nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Operating Expenses

The following table summarizes the major components of our operating expenses ~~for the three months ended March 31~~ (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenues):


									Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
									September 30,								September 30,
	2020				2019				2020				2019				2020				2019
Labor and related benefits	$	689	18.5	%	$	667	18.0	%	$	682	17.7	%	$	717	18.1	%	$	2,007	18.0	%	$	2,087	18.0	%
Transfer and disposal costs		278	7.5			263	7.1			293	7.6			304	7.7			838	7.5			867	7.5
Maintenance and repairs		335	9.0			323	8.7			325	8.4			345	8.7			963	8.6			1,012	8.7
Subcontractor costs		371	9.9			348	9.4			389	10.1			404	10.2			1,117	10.0			1,140	9.8
Cost of goods sold		118	3.2			170	4.6			141	3.6			123	3.1			399	3.6			435	3.7
Fuel		76	2.0			101	2.7			61	1.6			101	2.5			194	1.7			306	2.6
Disposal and franchise fees and taxes		145	3.9			143	3.9			157	4.1			164	4.1			446	4.0			471	4.1
Landfill operating costs		109	2.9			91	2.5			91	2.3			92	2.3			292	2.6			283	2.4
Risk management		69	1.9			64	1.7			70	1.8			69	1.7			201	1.8			204	1.8
Other		139	3.7			128	3.6			123	3.2			122	3.1			384	3.5			377	3.3
	$	2,329	62.5	%	$	2,298	62.2	%	$	2,332	60.4	%	$	2,441	61.5	%	$	6,841	61.3	%	$	7,182	61.9	%

~~The increase in volumes in the current periods, as~~As discussed above in Operating Revenues, year-over-year decreases in ~~addition~~our landfill and industrial and commercial collection volumes, primarily due to ~~cost inflation, affect~~ the ~~comparability~~impacts of COVID-19, have significantly impacted the ~~components of~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. The reductions in most operating expense categories during the reported periods are directly related to proactive steps taken to manage our ~~operating expenses. Additionally,~~variable costs in the ~~impact of~~lower volume environment. The revenue declines due to the COVID-19 pandemic ~~began~~have had a greater impact on our higher margin business lines, which could have negatively impacted operating costs as a percentage of revenues. Despite this, our proactive cost management efforts positioned us to ~~negatively impact~~reduce our ~~operations during March 2020, further affecting~~overall operating expenses as a percentage of revenues when compared with the ~~year-over-year comparability.~~prior year periods.

Significant items affecting the comparability of operating expenses for the reported periods include:

Labor and Related Benefits — The ~~increase~~decrease in labor and related benefits costs was largely driven by ~~(i)~~decreases in volume ~~growth~~ in our industrial and commercial collection businesses. Our proactive steps positioned us to (i) optimize our route structure to respond to lower industrial and ~~disposal lines of business;~~commercial collection volumes and (ii) ~~merit increases~~implement an optimal work week which reduces overtime hours. Additionally, the decrease was attributable to (i) improved efficiency including from lighter road traffic and optimizing driver schedules; (ii) lower headcount due to employee attrition coupled with proactive steps to defer hiring due to COVID-19 driven uncertainty and (iii) ~~one additional workday in~~lower annual incentive compensation. Additionally, for the ~~current period. This increase was~~nine month comparison, labor and related benefits were impacted by reduced health and welfare costs. These decreases were partially offset by ~~lower bonus costs.~~annual merit increases.

Transfer and Disposal Costs — The ~~increase~~decrease in transfer and disposal costs was largely driven by ~~overall~~ volume ~~growth~~declines in our industrial and commercial collection ~~and disposal business and, to~~businesses as a ~~lesser extent cost inflation.~~result of COVID-19.

Maintenance and Repairs — The ~~increase~~decrease in maintenance and repairs costs was largely driven by ~~(i) higher labor~~proactive steps to optimize routes and reduce overtime hours to address the volume declines discussed above. The most significant components of our non-labor savings was on third-party services, parts, supplies, building costs ~~primarily as~~and container repairs. In addition, the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was impacted by a ~~result~~$16 million non-cash charge to write off certain equipment costs related to our Other segment.

Subcontractor Costs — The decrease in subcontractor costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, was largely driven by COVID-19 related volume declines in our industrial collection business. Additionally, the decrease for the three month period was due to lower costs in our EES business due to some projects ending during the third and fourth quarters of ~~annual merit increases, volume growth~~the prior year and some projects scaling down during 2020. These declines were partially offset by an increase in business activity in our WMSBS business. Our WMSBS and EES businesses rely more extensively on subcontracted hauling than our collection and disposal ~~lines of business, as well as one additional workday in the current period and (ii) a $3 million charge associated with the withdrawal from an underfunded multiemployer pension plan.~~

~~Subcontractor Costs —~~ The increase in subcontractor costs was largely driven by (i) overall volume growth in our collection and disposal business, as well as our WMSBS and EES organizations and (ii) cost inflation related to capacity constraints of our subcontractors in certain markets.business.

Cost of Goods Sold — ~~The decrease~~Market prices for recycled commodities is the primary driver for the variability in our cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased when compared to the prior year due to an increase in the market prices for recycled commodities, partly offset by a decline in recycling volumes. For the nine month comparison, cost of goods sold ~~was primarily driven by~~decreased as compared to the prior year period in spite of the increase in commodity prices. This is largely due to lower ~~market prices for~~ recycling ~~commodities.~~volumes due to COVID-19, coupled with a higher percentage of our overall recycled commodity sales targeted at domestic markets.

Fuel — The decrease in fuel costs was primarily due to (i) a period-over-period benefit from ~~the extension of~~ federal alternative fuel ~~credits during the fourth quarter of 2019 which extended into 2020 and~~credits; (ii) ~~lower~~a decline in market prices for diesel ~~fuel.~~

fuel; (iii) lower costs resulting from the continued conversion of our fleet to natural gas vehicles and (iv) volume declines.

Disposal and Franchise Fees and Taxes — The decrease in disposal and franchise fees and taxes for the reported periods was primarily related to lower volumes in our landfill line of business, largely driven by the impact of COVID-19.

Landfill Operating Costs — The increase in ~~landfill operating~~ costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was primarily due to ~~a decrease~~higher leachate management costs compared to the prior year period. Additionally, the nine month periods included charges of $10 million in the first quarter of 2020 and $7 million in the second quarter of 2019, due to decreases in the risk-free discount rate, which is based on the rate for U.S. Treasury bonds, used in the measurement of our environmental remediation obligations and recovery ~~assets resulting in a $10 million charge. Additionally, the three months ended March 31, 2020 were impacted~~assets. This increase was partially offset by ~~higher leachate management costs compared to the prior year period.~~

~~Risk Management~~ ~~— The increase in risk management costs was primarily due to an increase in claims expense as a result of growth in the business and cost inflation.~~

~~Other~~ ~~— The increase in other was primarily due to professional fees related to a company-wide initiative focused on streamlining~~declining volumes at our ~~operations and optimizing our disposal volume flows.~~landfills.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The following table summarizes the major components of our selling, general and administrative expenses ~~for the three months ended March 31~~ (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenues):


									Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
									September 30,								September 30,
	2020				2019				2020				2019				2020				2019
Labor and related benefits	$	246	6.6	%	$	265	7.2	%	$	274	7.1	%	$	254	6.4	%	$	748	6.7	%	$	769	6.6	%
Professional fees		60	1.6			35	1.0			53	1.4			36	0.9			167	1.5			114	1.0
Provision for bad debts		14	0.4			9	0.2			4	0.1			7	0.2			40	0.4			26	0.2
Other		105	2.8			100	2.7			85	2.2			89	2.2			263	2.3			277	2.4
	$	425	11.4	%	$	409	11.1	%	$	416	10.8	%	$	386	9.7	%	$	1,218	10.9	%	$	1,186	10.2	%

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 have increased due to (i) incremental costs incurred in connection with the acquisition and integration of Advanced Disposal and (ii) strategic investments in technology, including planned investments in a new enterprise resource planning system and accelerated investments in customer service digitalization. Additionally, selling, general and administrative expenses as a percent of revenue have increased in 2020 due to the decline in volume-related revenues. The nine months was also impacted by an increase in the provision for bad debts due to negative impacts on customer receipts experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

We consistently manage our costs, particularly those incurred for discretionary initiatives, to ensure that we are optimizing our customer service, back-office effectiveness and profitability. As a result of the declines in revenue from the COVID-19 pandemic, we specifically focused on reducing costs for advertising, travel and entertainment and professional fees other than those specifically tied to strategic initiatives. The decreases in selling, general and administrative expenses from these proactive steps have been more than offset by the items discussed above.

Significant items affecting the comparison of our selling, general and administrative expenses between the reported periods include:

Labor and Related Benefits — The increase in labor and related benefits costs for the three months ended September 30, 2020, is primarily related to higher long-term incentive compensation costs and annual merit increases. For the nine month comparison, the decrease in labor and related benefits costs ~~was primarily~~as compared to the prior year period is largely due to (i) proactive steps undertaken to defer hiring; (ii) reduced health and welfare costs and (iii) lower annual incentive compensation ~~accruals~~costs. These cost decreases were offset, in ~~the current period, partially offset~~part, by ~~an increase in headcount,~~annual merit ~~increases and one additional workday in the current period.~~increases.

Professional Fees — The increase in professional fees was primarily driven by consulting fees incurred ~~to plan~~ for the acquisition and integration of Advanced Disposal. ~~The remaining increase is due~~In addition, we continue to ~~our~~make strategic investments in operating, customer-facing and back-office technologies, including our customer service digitalization platform, which will connect all the ~~planned~~Company’s functions required to service our customers. We are also investing in the implementation of a new enterprise resource planning system.

Provision for Bad Debts — The increase in the provision for bad debts ~~can generally be attributed~~during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is primarily due to ~~$5 million~~increased collection risk associated with certain customers as a result of ~~reserves established as of March 31, 2020 attributable to the expected impact from~~ the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we are encouraged to see an overall improvement in customer account collections during the three months ended September 30, 2020 which resulted in a reduction in the provision for bad debts recognized during the current quarter.

Other — The ~~increase~~decrease in other expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the prior year period, was primarily ~~driven~~due to proactive measures taken to reduce discretionary costs company-wide. Litigation costs have also declined in 2020. These cost decreases have been partially offset by ~~(i)~~ increased technology infrastructure costs ~~associated with our ongoing~~in 2020, which we expect to continue as we make strategic investments in ~~technology and (ii) incremental~~our digital platform. We also incurred some one-time technology costs in the first half of the year to transition employees to work-from-home in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. ~~This was partially offset by lower litigation reserves in 2020 as compared to 2019.~~

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

The following table summarizes the components of our depreciation and amortization expenses ~~for the three months ended March 31~~ (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenues):


									Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
									September 30,								September 30,
	2020				2019				2020				2019				2020				2019
Depreciation of tangible property and equipment	$	240	6.5	%	$	213	5.8	%	$	247	6.4	%	$	225	5.7	%	$	729	6.5	%	$	659	5.7	%
Amortization of landfill airspace		138	3.7			127	3.4			148	3.8			152	3.8			434	3.9			440	3.8
Amortization of intangible assets		24	0.6			26	0.7			24	0.7			27	0.7			72	0.7			80	0.7
	$	402	10.8	%	$	366	9.9	%	$	419	10.9	%	$	404	10.2	%	$	1,235	11.1	%	$	1,179	10.2	%

The increase in depreciation of tangible property and equipment during the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, compared to the prior year ~~period,~~periods, was primarily related to investments ~~made~~ in capital assets, including trucks and facilities. The ~~increase~~decrease in amortization of landfill airspace during the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, compared to the prior year ~~period,~~periods, was driven by ~~higher~~lower volumes at our landfills ~~and~~primarily as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The volume-related decrease in amortization of landfill airspace for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was partially offset by charges needed to reflect changes in estimated landfill ~~estimates.~~construction costs.

Restructuring

To better support our investment in customer service digitalization discussed above, we modified our field sales and customer services structures, resulting in a $7 million restructuring charge for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

(Gain) Loss from Divestitures, Asset Impairments and Unusual Items, Net

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $68 million of non-cash impairment charges primarily related to the following:

Energy Services Asset Impairments — During the second quarter of 2020, the Company tested the recoverability of certain energy services assets in our Tier 1 segment. Indicators of impairment included (i) the sharp downturn in oil demand that has led to a significant decline in oil prices and production activities, which we project will have long-term impacts on the utilization of our assets and (ii) significant shifts in our business, including increases in competition and customers choosing to bury waste on site versus in a landfill, reducing our revenue outlook. The Company determined that the carrying amount of the asset group was not fully recoverable. As a result, we recognized $41 million of non-cash impairment charges primarily related to two landfills and an oil field waste injection facility in our Tier 1 segment. We wrote down the net book value of these assets to their estimated fair value using an income approach based on estimated future cash flow projections (Level 3). The aggregate fair value of the impaired asset group was $8 million as of June 30, 2020. The Company tested the recoverability of an additional $239 million in energy services assets and determined that the carrying amount was recoverable as of June 30, 2020. No new indicators of impairment were identified during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Other Impairments — In addition to the energy services impairments noted above, during the second quarter of 2020, we recognized a $20 million non-cash impairment charge in our Tier 3 segment due to management’s decision to close a landfill once its constructed airspace is filled and abandon any remaining permitted airspace, which was considered an impairment indicator. As the carrying value was not recoverable, we wrote off the entire net book value of the asset using an income approach based on estimated future cash flow projections (Level 3). The impairment charge was comprised of $12 million related to the carrying value of the asset and $8 million related to the acceleration of the expected timing of capping, closure and post-closure activities. The impairment is discussed further in Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Additionally, during the third quarter of 2020, we recognized a $7 million net charge primarily related to non-cash impairments of certain assets within our WM Renewable Energy business in our Other segment. As the carrying values of the assets were not recoverable, we wrote off their entire net carrying value using an income approach based on estimated future cash flow projections (Level 3).

Income from Operations

Tier 1 to Tier 2 and the Northern California Area from Tier 3 to Tier 2. Reclassifications have been made to our prior period condensed consolidated financial information to conform to the current year presentation.

The following table summarizes income from operations for our reportable segments ~~for the three months ended March 31~~ (dollars in millions):


											Three Months Ended										Nine Months Ended
							Period-to-Period				September 30,						Period-to-Period				September 30,						Period-to-Period
	2020			2019(c)			Change				2020			2019(c)			Change				2020			2019(c)			Change
Solid Waste:
Tier 1	$	393		$	398		$	(5)	(1.3)	%	$	430		$	436		$	(6)	(1.4)	%	$	1,139		$	1,268		$	(129)	(10.2)	%
Tier 2		188			200			(12)	(6.0)			226			226			—	—			596			656			(60)	(9.1)
Tier 3		264			270			(6)	(2.2)			290			298			(8)	(2.7)			776			850			(74)	(8.7)
Solid Waste		845			868			(23)	(2.6)			946			960			(14)	(1.5)			2,511			2,774			(263)	(9.5)
Other (a)		(25)			(18)			(7)	38.9			(7)			(25)			18	(72.0)			(42)			(92)			50	(54.3)
Corporate and Other (b)		(247)			(229)			(18)	7.9			(259)			(201)			(58)	28.9			(689)			(631)			(58)	9.2
Total	$	573		$	621		$	(48)	(7.7)	%	$	680		$	734		$	(54)	(7.4)	%	$	1,780		$	2,051		$	(271)	(13.2)	%
Percentage of revenues		15.4	%		16.8	%						17.6	%		18.5	%						16.0	%		17.7	%

(a)

“Other” includes (i) our WMSBS ~~organization;~~business; (ii) those elements of our landfill gas-to-energy operations and third-party subcontract and administration revenues managed by our EES and WM Renewable Energy ~~organizations~~businesses that are not included in the operations of our reportable segments; (iii) our recycling brokerage services and (iv) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions. In addition, our “Other” segment reflects the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity.

(b)

(c)

In 2020, we revised allocations between our segments including (i) the discontinuation of certain allocations from Corporate and Other to Solid Waste and (ii) allocating certain insurance costs from Other to Solid Waste. Reclassifications have been made to our prior period information for comparability purposes.

The significant items affecting income from operations for our segments during the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, as compared with the prior year ~~period,~~periods, are summarized below:

●

Solid Waste — Income from operations ~~in our Solid Waste business increased~~for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased on a year-over-year basis for all Tiers due to the overall negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in revenue ~~growth~~declines from ~~yield and volume, partially offset by volume and inflation-related cost increases, particularly~~lower volumes. Volume declines have moderated in ~~labor and repair and maintenance. This earnings growth was more than offset by~~ the ~~impacts of higher depreciation and amortization, incremental landfill operating costs, a charge associated~~third quarter when compared with the ~~withdrawal~~more acute impacts we experienced in the second quarter of 2020. This improvement, combined with resumed fees and price increases and proactive cost management, drove significant improvement in the year-over-year comparison during the current quarter. Additionally, income from ~~an underfunded multiemployer pension plan and~~operations for our segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was impacted by an increase in provisions for bad ~~debt reserves attributable~~debts.

Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, income from operations for our Tier 1 segment was impacted by $41 million of non-cash asset impairment charges primarily related to two landfills and an oil field waste injection facility. In 2019, our Tier 2 segment income from operations benefited from natural disaster clean-up efforts. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, natural disaster related events were inconsequential to our results. Income from operations for our Tier 3 segment was impacted by a $20 million non-cash impairment charge related to management’s decision to close a landfill once its constructed airspace is filled and abandon any remaining permitted airspace.

●

Other — Income from operations for the ~~expected impact from~~Other segment for the ~~COVID-19 pandemic.~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was impacted primarily by (i) an increase in revenue for our WMSBS business as a result of new contract

activities; (ii) an increase in revenue in our WM Renewable Energy business as a result of a new renewable energy facility coming online which drove an increase in commodity sales and (iii) lower risk management costs.

●

Corporate and Other — The ~~decrease~~decline in income from operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily driven by increased expenses as a result of (i) preparation for our acquisition of Advanced Disposal; (ii) ~~a decrease in the risk-free discount rate used in the measurement of our environmental remediation obligations and recovery assets in 2020; (iii)~~ investments we are making in ~~technology and~~technology; (iii) higher long-term incentive compensation costs; (iv) incremental costs associated with COVID-19 pandemic

~~such as technology costs~~ and (v) charges related to ~~transition employees to work-from-home~~the restructuring of our customer service and ~~personal protective equipment to ensure safety for our frontline employees.~~sales functions. These ~~increases~~increased expenses were ~~partially~~ offset, in part, by lower health and welfare costs and lower annual incentive ~~compensation accruals in the current period.~~compensation.

Interest Expense, Net

Our interest expense, net was ~~$112~~$97 million and ~~$96~~$328 million ~~during~~for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to $105 million and $301 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The increase isfor the nine months was primarily attributable to our May 2019 issuance of $4.0 billion of senior notes, ~~partially offset by~~a portion of which was intended to be used to fund our planned acquisition of Advanced Disposal. We redeemed $3.0 billion of these senior notes in July 2020 resulting in a reduction in our interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The July 2020 redemption of $3.0 billion of these senior notes is discussed further in Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt below.

Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt

In May 2019, WM issued $4.0 billion of senior notes, including $3.0 billion of senior notes with a special mandatory redemption feature (the “SMR Notes”). We used $344 million of the proceeds from this offering to retire $257 million principal amount of certain high-coupon senior notes. The cash paid to retire the high-coupon senior notes also included $84 million of related ~~increases~~premiums, which are classified as loss on early extinguishment of debt in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations, and $3 million of accrued interest.

In July 2020, we recognized a $52 million loss on early extinguishment of debt in our Consolidated Statement of Operations related to the mandatory redemption of the SMR Notes. The loss includes $30 million of premiums paid and $22 million of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs. Pursuant to the terms of the SMR Notes, we were required to redeem all of such outstanding notes paying debt holders 101% of the aggregate principal amounts of such notes, plus accrued but unpaid interest, ~~income~~ as a result of ~~higher~~the Advanced Disposal acquisition not being completed by July 14, 2020. Accordingly, the redemption was completed on July 20, 2020 using available cash on hand and, to a lesser extent, commercial paper borrowings. The cash ~~equivalents balances.~~

paid included the $3.0 billion principal amount of debt redeemed, $30 million of related premiums and $8 million of accrued interest.

Equity in Net Losses of Unconsolidated Entities

We recognized equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities of ~~$26~~$16 million and $9$56 million ~~during~~for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to $14 million and $39 million for the three months and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2020 and~~September 30, 2019, respectively. The losses for each period are primarily related to our noncontrolling interests in entities established to invest in and manage low-income housing ~~properties and a refined coal facility.~~properties. We generate tax benefits, including tax credits, from the losses incurred from these investments. Additionally, the 2019 periods include losses associated with our investment in a refined coal facility. During the ~~three months ended March 31,~~first quarter of 2020, the entity that holds and manages our ownership interest in athe refined coal facility sold a majority of its assets resulting in a $7 million non-cash impairment charge ~~in the current year period. Refer to Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.~~at that time.

Other, Net

During the first quarter of 2019, we recognized a $52 million non-cash impairment charge related to our minority-owned investment in a waste conversion technology business. We wrote down our investment to its estimated fair value as the result of arecent third-party investor’s transactions in these securities. The fair value of our investment was not readily

determinable; thus, we determined the fair value utilizing a combination of quoted price inputs for the equity in our investment (Level 2) and certain management assumptions pertaining to investment value (Level 3).

Income Tax Expense

Our income tax expense was $126 million and $288 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to $120 million and $350 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Our effective income tax ~~rates were $74 million, or 17.0%,~~rate was 24.5% and ~~$115 million, or 24.8%,~~21.4% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to 19.4% and 22.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

The ~~decrease~~increases in our income tax expense and effective income tax rate when comparing the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 ~~with the prior year period are primarily~~and 2019 were driven by (i) favorable adjustments to accruals and related deferred taxes recorded in 2019 due to ~~(i) an increase~~the filing of our 2018 income tax returns and changes in ~~excess~~state and foreign laws; (ii) lower federal tax ~~benefits~~credits in 2020 and (iii) the detrimental impact of non-deductible transaction costs related to ~~equity-based compensation~~closing the acquisition of Advanced Disposal. The decreases in our income tax expense and effective income tax rate when comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were driven primarily by (i) a decrease in pre-tax income in 2020, which increased the effective tax rate impact of federal tax credits and (ii) a $52 million non-cash impairment charge recognized ~~during the three months ended March 31,~~in 2019 that was not deductible for tax purposes. ~~See Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to income taxes.~~

On March 27, 2020, the ~~Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security~~CARES Act ~~(the “CARES Act”)~~ was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains numerous income tax provisions, none of which directly affected our income tax expense infor the ~~first quarter of~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 or are expected to have a material impact on our income tax expense in future reporting periods. The Company is evaluating the impact of the CARES Act and ~~currently~~ expects to benefit from the deferral of certain payroll taxes through the end of calendar year 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company consistently generates cash flow from operations that meets and exceeds our working capital needs, payment of our dividends and investment in the business through capital expenditures and acquisitions. We continually monitor our actual and forecasted cash flows, our liquidity and our capital resources, enabling us to plan for our present needs and fund unbudgeted business requirements that may arise during the ~~year, including the anticipated impact from COVID-19.~~year. Additionally, the Company ~~is taking numerous~~continually takes actions to manage costs and capital spending without compromising long-term strategic priorities. ~~This includes~~Recent actions include route optimization initiatives, reducing overtime hours, limiting

hiring and optimizing our workforce through improved retention and reduced turnover, reducing non-essential selling, general and administrative expenses ~~reducing incentive compensation costs~~ and lowering capital expenditures to a level that is consistent with ~~anticipated~~ volume ~~changes. Additionally,~~changes driven by COVID-19. Furthermore, as a result of the CARES Act discussed above in Income Tax Expense, we are currently ~~expect to benefit~~benefiting from the deferral of certain payroll taxes, which will continue through the end of calendar year ~~2020.~~2020, favorably impacting our net cash provided by operating activities. The Company believes that its investment grade credit ratings, large value of unencumbered assets and modest leverage enable it to obtain adequate financing to meet its ongoing capital, operating and other liquidity requirements, despite the disruptions and challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. The long-term impacts from COVID-19 on our business, financial condition and operating results cannot be predicted with reasonable certainty at this time.requirements.

Summary of Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Trust and Escrow Accounts and Debt Obligations

The following is a summary of our cash and cash equivalents, restricted trust and escrow accounts and debt balances (in millions):

March 31,

December 31,


2020

2019
Cash and cash equivalents

$
3,125

$
3,561
Restricted trust and escrow accounts:



Insurance reserves

$
344

$
270
Final capping, closure, post-closure and environmental remediation funds

109

109
Other

3

4
Total restricted trust and escrow accounts (a)

$
456

$
383
Debt:




Current portion

$
387

$
218
Long-term portion

13,065

13,280
Total debt

$
13,452

$
13,498


		September 30,		December 31,
	��	2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents		$	703	$	3,561
Restricted trust and escrow accounts:
Insurance reserves		$	324	$	270
Final capping, closure, post-closure and environmental remediation funds			112		109
Other			3		4
Total restricted trust and escrow accounts (a)		$	439	$	383
Debt:
Current portion		$	167	$	218
Long-term portion			10,255		13,280
Total debt		$	10,422	$	13,498

(a)	Includes $70 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 in other current assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we had ~~approximately $1.9~~$2.2 billion of debt maturing within the next 12 months, including (i) $600 million of ~~4.75% senior notes that mature in June 2020 and~~short-term borrowings under our commercial paper program; (ii) $400 million of 4.60% senior notes that mature in March 2021; ~~(ii) $639~~(iii) $952 million of tax-exempt bonds with term interest rate periods that expire within the next 12 months, which is prior to their scheduled maturities, and ~~(iii) $237~~(iv) $167 million of other debt with scheduled maturities within the next 12 months, including ~~$130~~$63 million of tax-exempt bonds. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, we have classified ~~$1.5~~$2.0 billion of debt maturing in the next 12 months as long-term because we have the intent and ability to refinance these borrowings on a long-term basis as supported by the forecasted available capacity under our $3.5 billion long-term U.S. and Canadian revolving credit facility (“$3.5 billion revolving credit facility”). The remaining ~~$387~~$167 million ~~of debt maturing in the next 12 months~~ is classified as current obligations.

Guarantor Financial Information

WM Holdings has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all of WM’s senior indebtedness. WM has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all of WM Holdings’ senior indebtedness. None of WM’s other subsidiaries have guaranteed any of WM’s or WM Holdings’ debt. In lieu of providing separate financial statements for the subsidiary issuer and guarantor (WM and WM Holdings), we have presented the accompanying supplemental summarized combined balance sheet and income statement information for WM and WM Holdings on a combined basis after elimination of intercompany transactions between WM and WM Holdings and amounts related to investments in any subsidiary that is a non-guarantor (in millions):


	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Balance Sheet Information:
Current assets	$	636	$	3,491
Noncurrent assets		17		16
Current liabilities		117		127
Noncurrent liabilities:
Advances due to affiliates		19,795		19,345
Other noncurrent liabilities		8,142		10,988


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020
Income Statement Information:
Revenue	$	—
Operating income		—
Net loss		191

Summary of Cash Flow Activity

The following is a summary of our cash flows for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31~~September 30 (in millions):

2020

2019
Net cash provided by operating activities

$
765

$
890
Net cash used in investing activities

$
(503)

$
(800)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

$
(668)

$
42


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	2,650	$	2,852
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(1,241)	$	(2,096)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	$	(4,244)	$	2,080

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities — Our operating cash flows decreased ~~by $125 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as~~ compared with the prior year period, largely as a result of (i) ~~a decrease in cash receipts for customer accounts at the end of the first quarter that we attribute to COVID-19; (ii) a $40 million~~an increase in interest

payments in the current year period primarily associated with our May 2019 issuance of $4.0 billion of senior ~~notes and (iii)~~notes; (ii) higher bonus payments in the current ~~year.~~year period; (iii) other net unfavorable changes in our operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures; (iv) a decline in operating income, primarily in the second quarter of 2020, due to COVID-19 and (v) increases in selling, general and administrative costs, particularly to support the Advanced Disposal acquisition and technology investments. These results were partially offset by (i) the cash benefit associated with deferring certain payroll taxes as provided for by the CARES Act, which is discussed in Income Tax Expense; (ii) lower income taxes paid due to a decrease in pre-tax income and timing of estimated tax payments and (iii) benefits from alternative fuel tax credits.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities — The most significant items included in our investing cash flows for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized below:

●

Acquisitions — We spent $1$3 million and ~~$394~~$513 million for acquisitions during the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and 2019, ~~respectively. Our acquisition spending in 2019 was primarily attributable~~respectively, related to ~~Petro~~our Solid Waste ~~Environmental LP, which is discussed further in Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.~~business. These amounts exclude cash used in financing and operating activities related to the timing of contingent consideration paid. Our acquisition spending in 2019 relates primarily to our acquisition of Petro Waste Environmental LP, which is discussed further in Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

●

Capital Expenditures — We used ~~$459~~$1,238 million and ~~$471~~$1,532 million for capital expenditures during the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company continues to maintain a disciplined focus on capital management to prioritize investments in the long-term growth of our business and ~~fluctuations~~for the replacement of aging assets; however, we are currently taking proactive steps to reduce the amount of capital spending required due to the decrease in ~~our capital expenditures are~~volumes as a result of ~~new business opportunities and the timing of replacement of aging assets.~~COVID-19.

●

Other, Net — The year-over-year changes in other investing activities were primarily driven by capital contributions to certain of our investments in unconsolidated entities and changes in our investment portfolio associated with a wholly-owned insurance captive. During the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and 2019, we used ~~$53~~$19 million and $47 million, respectively, of cash from restricted cash and cash equivalents to invest in available-for-sale ~~securities compared~~securities. We also used $20 million in the third quarter of 2019 to ~~the prior year period during which we generated $39 million of~~make an initial cash ~~through the sale of available-for-sale securities and placed the proceeds in restricted cash and cash equivalents.~~payment associated with a low-income housing investment. Additionally, during the ~~three months ended March 31,~~first quarter of 2019, we had $17 million of cash proceeds from the redemption of our preferred stock received in conjunction with the 2014 sale of our Puerto Rico operations.

Net Cash (Used in) Provided by ~~(Used in)~~ Financing Activities — The most significant items affecting the comparison of our financing cash flows for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized below:

●

Debt ~~Repayments and~~(Repayments) Borrowings — ~~We did not have any cash borrowings for the three months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019.~~ The following summarizes our cash borrowings and repayments of debt (excluding our commercial paper program discussed below) for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31~~September 30 (in millions):

2020

2019
Revolving credit facility (a)

$
—

$
(11)
Tax-exempt bonds

—

(34)
Other debt

(25)

(11)
Cash repayments

$
(25)

$
(56)


	2020		2019
Borrowings:
Revolving credit facility (a)	$	50	$	—
Senior notes		—		3,971
Canadian senior notes		—		373
Tax-exempt bonds		181		214
Other debt		—		—
	$	231	$	4,558
Repayments:
Revolving credit facility (a)	$	(50)	$	(11)
Senior notes		(3,600)		(257)
Tax-exempt bonds		(212)		(193)
Other debt		(80)		(41)
	$	(3,942)	$	(502)
Net cash (repayments) borrowings	$	(3,711)	$	4,056

(a)

Our revolving credit facility was amended and restated in November ~~2019.~~2019 increasing the total capacity to $3.5 billion.

In May 2019, we issued $4.0 billion of senior notes to position us to fund our acquisition of Advanced Disposal. Refer to Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to ~~our~~ debt borrowings and ~~repayments.~~repayments, including the July 2020 redemption of $3.0 billion of SMR Notes.

●

Premiums Paid on Early Extinguishment of Debt — During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we paid premiums of $30 million to redeem $3.0 billion of SMR Notes as discussed further in Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we paid premiums of $84 million to retire certain high-coupon senior notes. See Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt for further discussion.

●

Commercial Paper Program — ~~We had no commercial paper borrowings during the three months ended March 31, 2020.~~ During the three months ended ~~March 31, 2019,~~September 30, 2020, we had net cash borrowings of ~~$357~~$597 million ~~(net of the related discount on issuance),~~ under our commercial paper program. Borrowings incurred in 2020 were primarily to fund a portion of the redemption of SMR Notes and for general corporate purposes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we made net cash repayments of $1,001 million under our commercial paper program. Borrowings incurred in 2019 were primarily to support acquisitions and for general corporate purposes. We repaid the outstanding balance in the second quarter of 2019 with proceeds from the May 2019 issuance of senior notes discussed above.

●

Common Stock Repurchase Program — During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we repurchased $402 million of our common stock, which includes $313 million related to a February 2020 accelerated share repurchase agreement and $89 million in open market transactions. ~~During~~In the ~~three months ended March 31, 2019,~~first quarter of 2020, due to uncertainty associated with COVID-19 as well as our incremental funding needs for the Advanced Disposal acquisition, we ~~repurchased $64 million of common stock and paid $4 million related to our December 2018 share repurchases. To enhance our liquidity position in response to COVID-19, we have~~ elected to temporarily suspend additional share repurchases for the foreseeable future. ~~See Note 11~~No common stock was repurchased during the second and third quarters of 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we repurchased $244 million of our common stock, which includes $180 million related to the ~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.~~May 2019 accelerated share repurchase agreement and $64 million in open market transactions. We also paid $4 million related to share repurchases executed in December 2018.

●

Cash Dividends — For the periods presented, all dividends have been declared by our Board of Directors.

We paid cash dividends of ~~$236~~$696 million and ~~$223~~$658 million during the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in dividend payments is ~~primarily~~ due to our quarterly per share dividend increasing from $0.5125 in 2019 to $0.545 in 2020 which was offset, in part, by a reduction in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as a result of our common stock repurchase program.

Free Cash Flow

We are presenting free cash flow, which is a non-GAAP measure of liquidity, in our disclosures because we use this measure in the evaluation and management of our business. We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities, less capital expenditures, plus proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets (net of cash divested). We believe it is indicative of our ability to pay our quarterly dividends, repurchase common stock, fund acquisitions and other investments and, in the absence of refinancings, to repay our debt obligations. Free cash flow is not intended to replace net cash provided by operating activities, which is the most comparable GAAP measure. We believe free cash flow gives investors useful insight into how we view our liquidity, but the use of free cash flow as a liquidity measure has material limitations because it excludes certain expenditures that are required or that we have committed to, such as declared dividend payments and debt service requirements.

Our calculation of free cash flow and reconciliation to net cash provided by operating activities ~~for the three months ended March 31~~ is shown in the table below (in millions), and may not be calculated the same as similarly-titled measures presented by other companies:

2020

2019
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
765

$
890
Capital expenditures

(459)

(471)
Proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets (net of cash divested)

12

12
Free cash flow
$
318

$
431


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	1,029	$	952	$	2,650	$	2,852
Capital expenditures		(343)		(483)		(1,238)		(1,532)
Proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets (net of cash divested)		5		9		20		29
Free cash flow	$	691	$	478	$	1,432	$	1,349

~~Pending~~ Acquisition and Assets Held-for-Sale

On April 14, 2019, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger to acquire all outstanding shares of Advanced Disposal for $33.15 per share in cash, representing a total enterprise value at the time of $4.9 billion when including approximately $1.9 billion of Advanced Disposal’s net debt. ~~Advanced Disposal’s solid waste network includes 95 collection operations, 73 transfer stations, 41 owned or operated landfills and 22 owned or operated recycling facilities.~~ On June ~~28, 2019, Advanced Disposal announced that 85.9%~~24, 2020, we entered into an amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (as amended, the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which a subsidiary of WM would acquire all outstanding shares of ~~its common stock entitled~~Advanced Disposal for $30.30 per share in cash, representing a total enterprise value of $4.6 billion when including approximately $1.8 billion of Advanced Disposal’s net debt. This acquisition grows our footprint and allows us to ~~vote were voted~~provide differentiated, sustainable waste management and recycling services to approximately three million new commercial, industrial and residential customers, primarily located in ~~favor~~16 states in the Eastern half of the ~~proposal~~U.S. The transaction closed on October 30, 2020 and is discussed further below in Subsequent Events.

As of September 30, 2020, the WM assets to be divested met the criteria to be classified as held-for-sale and have been classified as such within other current assets and accrued liabilities, as appropriate, in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The carrying amounts of the ~~second quarter~~assets and liabilities that have been classified as held-for-sale, which are primarily in our Tier 2 and Tier 3 segments, are $53 million of property and equipment and goodwill and $17 million of landfill liabilities.

Subsequent Events

On October 30, 2020, we closed our acquisition of Advanced Disposal, which is discussed further in Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We are currently in the process of valuing the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the business combination. As a result, we are not yet able to provide the amounts to be recognized as of the acquisition date for the major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and other related disclosures. We will disclose this and other related information in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Total enterprise value of the acquisition was $4.6 billion when including approximately $1.8 billion of Advanced Disposal’s net debt and is subject to post-closing adjustments. The acquisition was funded using our $3.0 billion revolving credit facility and commercial paper borrowings. Refer to Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of our $3.0 billion revolving credit facility and commercial paper program.

We and Advanced Disposal entered into a Divestiture Agreement that provided for GFL Environmental Inc. to acquire a combination of assets from us and Advanced Disposal to address divestitures required by the U.S. Department of Justice in connection with the Advanced Disposal acquisition. Immediately following the Merger Agreement closing on October 30, 2020, the transactions contemplated by the Divestiture Agreement were consummated and the Company received cash proceeds from the sale of $856.4 million, subject to certain post-closing adjustments.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

In preparing our financial statements, we make numerous estimates and assumptions that affect the accounting for and recognition and disclosure of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses. We must make these estimates and assumptions because certain information that we use is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with precision from available data or simply cannot be calculated. In some cases, these estimates are difficult to determine and we must exercise significant judgment. In preparing our financial statements, the most difficult, subjective and complex estimates and the assumptions that present the greatest amount of uncertainty relate to our accounting for landfills, environmental remediation liabilities, long-lived asset impairments and reserves associated with our insured and self-insured claims, as described in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions that we use in the preparation of our financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have financial interests in unconsolidated variable interest entities as discussed in Note 13 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, we are party to guarantee arrangements with unconsolidated entities as discussed in the Guarantees section of Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These arrangements have not materially affected our financial position, results of operations or liquidity during the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020, nor are they expected to have a material impact on our future financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Seasonal Trends

Our operating revenues tend to be somewhat higher in summer months, primarily due to the higher construction and demolition waste volumes. The volumes of industrial and residential waste in certain regions where we operate also tend to increase during the summer months. ~~Our second and third quarter revenues and results of operations typically reflect these seasonal trends.~~

Service disruptions caused by severe storms, extended periods of inclement weather or climate extremes resulting from climate change can significantly affect the operating results of the Areas affected. On the other hand, certain destructive weather and climate conditions, such as wildfires in the Western U.S. and hurricanes that most often impact our operations in the Southern and Eastern U.S. during the second half of the year, can increase our revenues in the Areas affected as a result of the waste volumes generated by these events. While weather-related and other event driven special projects can boost revenues through additional work for a limited time, ~~due to~~as a result of significant start-up costs and other factors, such revenue can generate earnings at comparatively lower margins.

Inflation

While inflationary increases in costs can affect our income from operations margins, we believe that inflation generally has not had, and in the near future is not expected to have, any material adverse effect on our results of operations. However, a portion of our collection revenues are generated under long-term agreements with price adjustments based on various indices intended to measure inflation. Additionally, management’s estimates associated with inflation have had, and will continue to have, an impact on our accounting for landfill and environmental remediation liabilities.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Except for the broad effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including widespread business ~~disruption and negative impact on financial markets, described further below in Item 1A.~~ ~~Risks Factors~~,disruptions, the information about market risks as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 does not differ materially from that discussed under Item 7A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive and financial officers, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, including ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to management (including the principal executive and financial officers) as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive and financial officers have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 (the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management, together with our CEO and CFO, evaluated the changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020. We determined that there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Information regarding our legal proceedings can be found under the Environmental Matters and Litigation sections of Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. Risk ~~Factors~~Factors..

~~Except as set forth below, there~~There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~

The COVID-19 global pandemic has caused a significant disruption in social and commercial activity throughout North America and may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and subsequently declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020. In response to this declaration and the rapid spread of COVID-19, federal, state and local governments throughout North America have imposed varying degrees of restriction on social and commercial activity to promote social distancing in an effort to slow the spread of the virus. The pandemic and related measures have had a significant adverse impact on many sectors of the economy, including environmental services. The resulting business closures, increases in unemployment and loss of consumer financial stability and confidence has resulted in volume declines and reductions in customers’ waste service needs, which has negatively impacted and, at least for the short-term, will continue to negatively impact, our results of operations and cash flows.

We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, costs related to health, safety and financial security of our workforce. This includes transitioning back-office employees to work-from-home and providing financial certainty to employees2019, as updated by guaranteeing all full-time hourly employees compensation for a 40-hour work week regardless of service decreases and reduced work schedules that result from the COVID-19 pandemic. If a large portion of our employee base were to become ill, it could impact our ability to provide timely and reliable service. Additionally, the transition of most of our back-office employees to work-from-home increases various operational risks, including potential exposure to cyber incidents, loss of data, fraud, internal control challenges and other disruptions as a consequence of more employees accessing Company systems and information remotely in the course of their ordinary work.

A broad-based economic slowdown resulting from prolonged negative effects of COVID-19 could have significant adverse consequences for the financial condition of our customers or suppliers. Such conditions have already resulted in, and may continue to result in, us incurring increased operating costs and decreased profitability and cash flows as we have worked with customers to adjust service levels and extend payment terms, and we have waived and suspended certain ancillary service charges. Additionally, such factors have made it more challenging to implement our pricing strategy and are likely to negatively impact our ability to negotiate, renew or expand service contracts with acceptable margins. In addition to reduced service levels, customers may seek to terminate our contracts or be unable to timely pay outstanding receivables owed to us, each of which would adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. To the extent our suppliers experience a deterioration in financial condition or operational capability as a result of the impacts of COVID-19, we may experience material supply chain disruptions and delays, which could also increase our operating costs.

We are not able to estimate the full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business, but we expect that this situation will have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations for the second quarter of 2020 and potentially beyond. While we have not attempted or needed to seek additional liquidity in recent weeks, it may be more difficult to obtain financing on attractive or predictable terms during periods of extreme market volatility associated with the pandemic. In addition to the impact of COVID-19 discussed in this risk factor, COVID-19 is also amplifying many of the other risks and uncertainties previously disclosed in Part 1,II, Item 1A of our ~~Annual Report~~Quarterly Reports on Form ~~10-K~~10-Q for the ~~year~~quarters ended ~~December 31, 2019. Should these or similar pandemic-related conditions persist for a prolonged period, it may have a material adverse impact on our financial condition,~~ ~~results of operations and cash flows and hinder our ability to grow our business and execute our business strategy.~~

~~Item 2.~~ ~~Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.~~

~~The following table summarizes common stock repurchases made during the first quarter of 2020 (shares in millions):~~

~~Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities~~

Total Number of

Total

Shares Purchased as

Approximate Maximum

Number of

Average

Part of Publicly

Dollar Value of Shares that

Shares

Price Paid

Announced Plans or

May Yet be Purchased Under

Period

Purchased

per Share

Programs

the Plans or Programs

January 1 — 31

—

$
—

—

$
1.3 billion

February 1 — 29

2.0

$
125.49

2.0

$
1.0 billion

March 1 — 31

1.7

$
88.84

1.7

$
0.9 billion

Total

3.7

$
108.92

3.7

In February 2020, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement to repurchase $313 million of our common stock. At the beginning of the repurchase period, we delivered $313 million cash and received 2.0 million shares based on a stock price of $125.75. The ASR agreement completed in March 2020, at which time we received 0.8 million additional shares based on a final weighted average price of $111.78.

~~As of~~ March 31, 2020 the Company has authorization for $918 million of future share repurchases. To enhance our liquidity position in response to COVID-19, we have elected to temporarily suspend additional share repurchases for the foreseeable future. Any future share repurchases pursuant to this authorization of our Board of Directors will be made at the discretion of management and will depend on factors similar to those considered by the Board of Directors in making dividend declarations, including our net earnings, financial condition and cash required for future business plans, growth and acquisitions.June 30, 2020.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Information concerning mine safety and other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95 to this quarterly report.

4548

Item 6. Exhibits.


Exhibit No.		Description
10.1		$3.0 Billion Credit Agreement dated July 28, 2020 by and among Waste Management, Inc., Waste Management Holdings, Inc., certain banks party thereto, and Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as administrative agent [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed July 30, 2020].

~~10.1~~22.1*		~~Form of 2020 Long Term Incentive Compensation Award Agreement for Senior Leadership Team [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed February 25, 2020].~~Guarantor Subsidiary.

31.1*		Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, of James C. Fish, Jr., President and Chief Executive Officer.

31.2*		Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, of Devina A. Rankin, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

32.1**		Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350 of James C. Fish, Jr., President and Chief Executive Officer.

32.2**		Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350 of Devina A. Rankin, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

95*		Mine Safety Disclosures.

101.INS*		Inline XBRL Instance.

101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.

101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation.

101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels.

101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation.

101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition.

104*		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

4649

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

	By:	/s/ DEVINA A. RANKIN
		Devina A. Rankin
		Executive Vice President and
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

	WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

	By:	/s/ LESLIE K. NAGY
		Leslie K. Nagy
		Vice President and
		Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal Accounting Officer)



Date: ~~May 6,~~November 2, 2020

4750


	2020		2019
Balance as of January 1	$	28	$	29
Adoption of new accounting standard		(1)		—
Additions charged to expense		14		10
Accounts written-off, net of recoveries		(12)		(11)
Acquisitions, divestitures and other, net		(1)		2
Balance as of March 31	$	28	$	30


			WM		Non-Guarantor
	WM		Holdings		Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,049	$	—	$	76	$	—	$	3,125
Other current assets		2		4		2,504		—		2,510
		3,051		4		2,580		—		5,635
Property and equipment, net		—		—		12,900		—		12,900
Investments in affiliates		26,650		27,021		—		(53,671)		—
Advances to affiliates		—		—		18,655		(18,655)		—
Other assets		5		10		8,628		—		8,643
Total assets	$	29,706	$	27,035	$	42,763	$	(72,326)	$	27,178

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	164	$	—	$	223	$	—	$	387
Accounts payable and other current liabilities		99		3		2,581		—		2,683
		263		3		2,804		—		3,070
Long-term debt, less current portion		10,589		248		2,228		—		13,065
Due to affiliates		18,818		137		6,709		(25,664)		—
Other liabilities		2		—		4,296		—		4,298
Total liabilities		29,672		388		16,037		(25,664)		20,433
Equity:
Stockholders’ equity		6,743		26,647		27,024		(53,671)		6,743
Advances to affiliates		(6,709)		—		(300)		7,009		—
Noncontrolling interests		—		—		2		—		2
		34		26,647		26,726		(46,662)		6,745
Total liabilities and equity	$	29,706	$	27,035	$	42,763	$	(72,326)	$	27,178


			WM		Non‑Guarantor
	WM		Holdings		Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Operating revenues	$	—	$	—	$	3,729	$	—	$	3,729
Costs and expenses		—		—		3,156		—		3,156
Income from operations		—		—		573		—		573
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net		(93)		(4)		(15)		—		(112)
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries, net of tax		429		432		—		(861)		—
Other, net		—		—		(26)		—		(26)
		336		428		(41)		(861)		(138)
Income before income taxes		336		428		532		(861)		435
Income tax expense (benefit)		(25)		(1)		100		—		74
Consolidated net income		361		429		432		(861)		361
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		—
Net income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.	$	361	$	429	$	432	$	(861)	$	361


			WM		Non-Guarantor
	WM(a)		Holdings(a)		Subsidiaries(a)		Eliminations		Consolidated
Cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	17	$	—	$	748	$	—	$	765
Investing activities		—		—		(503)		—		(503)
Financing activities		—		—		(668)		—		(668)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents		—		—		(4)		—		(4)
Intercompany activity		(453)		—		453		—		—
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents		(436)		—		26		—		(410)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		3,485		—		162		—		3,647
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	3,049	$	—	$	188	$	—	$	3,237


	Period-to-Period Change for the
	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020 vs. 2019
			As a % of
			Related
	Amount		Business
Commercial	$	22	2.3	%
Industrial		23	3.6
Residential		12	2.0
Total collection		57	2.5
Landfill		9	1.7
Transfer		6	2.9
Total collection and disposal	$	72	2.2	%


				Total Number of
	Total			Shares Purchased as	Approximate Maximum
	Number of	Average		Part of Publicly	Dollar Value of Shares that
	Shares	Price Paid		Announced Plans or	May Yet be Purchased Under
Period	Purchased	per Share		Programs	the Plans or Programs
January 1 — 31	—	$	—	—	$	1.3 billion
February 1 — 29	2.0	$	125.49	2.0	$	1.0 billion
March 1 — 31	1.7	$	88.84	1.7	$	0.9 billion
Total	3.7	$	108.92	3.7