UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 000-30941

AXCELIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		34-1818596
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

108 Cherry Hill Drive

Beverly, Massachusetts 01915

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(978) 787-4000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, ~~$.001~~$0.001 par value	ACLS	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer ☐☒		Accelerated filer ☒☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☐
		Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☒

As of ~~July 31, 2020~~August 3, 2021 there were ~~33,465,170~~33,574,743 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020	4
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020	5
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
	Overview	19
	Critical Accounting Estimates	2019
	Results of Operations	2120
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	2726
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	2928
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	2928
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		3029
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	3029
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	3029
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3029
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	3029
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	3029
Item 5.	Other Information	3029
Item 6.	Exhibits	3130

Table of Contents

PART 1—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Axcelis Technologies, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended				Six months ended				Three months ended				Six months ended
		June 30,			June 30,					June 30,			June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenue:
Product	$	117,194	$	68,714	$	229,327	$	152,911	$	140,156	$	117,194	$	266,765	$	229,327
Services		5,771		5,591		12,629		12,871		7,118		5,771		13,285		12,629
Total revenue		122,965		74,305		241,956		165,782		147,274		122,965		280,050		241,956
Cost of revenue:
Product		65,519		37,188		132,691		84,518		76,688		65,519		147,022		132,691
Services		5,547		5,368		11,817		12,009		6,572		5,547		12,579		11,817
Total cost of revenue		71,066		42,556		144,508		96,527		83,260		71,066		159,601		144,508
Gross profit		51,899		31,749		97,448		69,255		64,014		51,899		120,449		97,448
Operating expenses:
Research and development		16,040		13,720		30,646		27,405		16,623		16,040		32,308		30,646
Sales and marketing		9,437		8,436		17,641		17,354		12,177		9,437		22,564		17,641
General and administrative		10,041		7,583		19,077		15,390		11,217		10,041		21,230		19,077
Total operating expenses		35,518		29,739		67,364		60,149		40,017		35,518		76,102		67,364
Income from operations		16,381		2,010		30,084		9,106		23,997		16,381		44,347		30,084
Other (expense) income:
Interest income		70		845		552		1,686		40		70		73		552
Interest expense		(1,299)		(1,311)		(2,602)		(2,541)		(1,274)		(1,299)		(2,303)		(2,602)
Other, net		421		(189)		(199)		(362)		(15)		421		(1,168)		(199)
Total other expense		(808)		(655)		(2,249)		(1,217)		(1,249)		(808)		(3,398)		(2,249)
Income before income taxes		15,573		1,355		27,835		7,889		22,748		15,573		40,949		27,835
Income tax provision		2,271		799		3,312		1,271		3,842		2,271		5,563		3,312
Net income	$	13,302	$	556	$	24,523	$	6,618	$	18,906	$	13,302	$	35,386	$	24,523
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.40	$	0.02	$	0.74	$	0.20	$	0.56	$	0.40	$	1.05	$	0.74
Diluted	$	0.39	$	0.02	$	0.72	$	0.19	$	0.55	$	0.39	$	1.03	$	0.72
Shares used in computing net income per share:
Basic weighted average common shares		33,116		32,729		32,998		32,706		33,677		33,116		33,696		32,998
Diluted weighted average common shares		33,958		33,901		34,023		34,064		34,311		33,958		34,473		34,023

See accompanying Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

Axcelis Technologies, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended				Six months ended				Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,				June 30,				June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income	$	13,302	$	556	$	24,523	$	6,618	$	18,906	$	13,302	$	35,386	$	24,523
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments		836		(219)		(276)		(714)		552		836		(820)		(276)
Amortization of actuarial loss and other adjustments from pension plan		57		29		114		59
Amortization of actuarial loss and other adjustments from pension plan, net of tax										34		57		54		114
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		893		(190)		(162)		(655)		586		893		(766)		(162)
Comprehensive income	$	14,195	$	366	$	24,361	$	5,963	$	19,492	$	14,195	$	34,620	$	24,361

See accompanying Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

Axcelis Technologies, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	June 30,		December 31,		June 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019		2021		2020
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	190,340	$	139,881	$	219,731	$	203,479
Accounts receivable, net		64,909		83,753		79,544		86,865
Inventories, net		149,178		140,364		192,321		161,076
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		16,272		11,681		22,535		19,371
Total current assets		420,699		375,679		514,131		470,791
Property, plant and equipment, net		27,997		25,328		30,683		29,840
Operating lease assets		5,033		5,849		7,626		4,542
Finance lease assets, net		21,200		21,880		19,889		20,544
Long-term restricted cash		6,676		6,653		755		753
Deferred income taxes		64,615		68,060		51,386		57,851
Other assets		42,344		44,645		36,170		40,303
Total assets	$	588,564	$	548,094	$	660,640	$	624,624
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	30,270	$	25,341	$	40,695	$	24,013
Accrued compensation		14,221		7,631		14,906		24,562
Warranty		3,942		2,759		4,690		4,280
Income taxes		298		294		622		654
Deferred revenue		29,181		24,601		34,112		21,221
Current portion of finance lease obligation		654		399		864		756
Other current liabilities		8,193		7,639		10,585		8,945
Total current liabilities		86,759		68,664		106,474		84,431
Long-term finance lease obligation		47,787		48,149		46,923		47,393
Long-term deferred revenue		1,236		4,650		1,406		1,837
Other long-term liabilities		7,758		7,204		11,735		9,361
Total liabilities		143,540		128,667		166,538		143,022
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 75,000 shares authorized; 33,433 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020; 32,585 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019		33		33
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 75,000 shares authorized; 33,657 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2021; 33,633 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020						34		34
Additional paid-in capital		562,839		559,878		561,680		570,102
Accumulated deficit		(117,428)		(140,226)		(70,281)		(91,969)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(420)		(258)
Accumulated other comprehensive income						2,669		3,435
Total stockholders’ equity		445,024		419,427		494,102		481,602
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	588,564	$	548,094	$	660,640	$	624,624

See accompanying Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

Axcelis Technologies, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

Accumulated

Additional

Other

Total

Common Stock

Paid-in

Accumulated

Comprehensive

Stockholders’



Shares

Amount

Capital

Deficit

Income (Loss)

Equity

Balance at December 31, 2018

32,558

$
33

$
565,116

$
(157,260)

$
448

$
408,337

Net income

—

—

—

6,062

—

6,062

Foreign currency translation adjustments

—

—

—

—

(495)

(495)

Change in pension obligation

—

—

—

—

30

30

Exercise of stock options

288

—

1,828

—

—

1,828

Issuance of restricted common shares,
net of shares withheld

35

—

(281)

—

—

(281)

Stock-based compensation expense

—

—

1,672

—

—

1,672

Balance at March 31, 2019

32,881

$
33

$
568,335

$
(151,198)

$
(17)

$
417,153

Net income

—

—

—

556

—

556

Foreign currency translation adjustments

—

—

—

—

(219)

(219)

Change in pension obligation

—

—

—

—

29

29

Exercise of stock options

104

—

567

—

—

567

Issuance of shares under Employee Stock Purchase Plan

32

—

479

—

—

479

Issuance of restricted common shares,
net of shares withheld

165

—

(1,310)

—

—

(1,310)

Stock-based compensation expense

—

—

2,246

—

—

2,246

Repurchase of common stock

(885)

(1)

(14,034)

—

—

(14,035)

Balance at June 30, 2019

32,297

$
32

$
556,283

$
(150,642)

$
(207)

$
405,466


								Accumulated
				Additional				Other		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Income (Loss)		Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019	32,585	$	33	$	559,878	$	(140,226)	$	(258)	$	419,427
Net income	—		—		—		11,221		—		11,221
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—		—		(1,112)		(1,112)
Change in pension obligation	—		—		—		—		57		57
Exercise of stock options	540		1		4,498		—		—		4,499
Issuance of shares under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	1		—		19		—		—		19
Issuance of restricted common shares, net of shares withheld	69		—		(1,162)		—		—		(1,162)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		1,724		—		—		1,724
Repurchase of common stock	(358)		(1)		(5,775)		(1,725)		—		(7,501)
Balance at March 31, 2020	32,837	$	33	$	559,182	$	(130,730)	$	(1,313)	$	427,172
Net income	—		—		—		13,302		—		13,302
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—		—		836		836
Change in pension obligation	—		—		—		—		57		57
Exercise of stock options	343		—		2,783		—		—		2,783
Issuance of shares under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	21		—		490		—		—		490
Issuance of restricted common shares, net of shares withheld	232		—		(2,698)		—		—		(2,698)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		3,082		—		—		3,082
Balance at June 30, 2020	33,433	$	33	$	562,839	$	(117,428)	$	(420)	$	445,024


								Accumulated											Accumulated
				Additional				Other		Total					Additional				Other		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’		Common Stock			Paid-in		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Income (Loss)		Equity		Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Income (Loss)		Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019	32,585	$	33	$	559,878	$	(140,226)	$	(258)	$	419,427
Balance at December 31, 2020												33,633	$	34	$	570,102	$	(91,969)	$	3,435	$	481,602
Net income												—		—		—		16,480		—		16,480
Foreign currency translation adjustments												—		—		—		—		(1,372)		(1,372)
Change in pension obligation												—		—		—		—		20		20
Exercise of stock options												268		—		2,512		—				2,512
Issuance of restricted common shares, net of shares withheld												81		—		(2,354)		—		—		(2,354)
Stock-based compensation expense												—		—		2,407		—		—		2,407
Repurchase of common stock												(303)		—		(5,468)		(6,167)		—		(11,635)
Balance at March 31, 2021												33,679	$	34	$	567,199	$	(81,656)	$	2,083	$	487,660
Net income	—		—		—		11,221		—		11,221	—		—		—		18,906		—		18,906
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—		—		(1,112)		(1,112)	—		—		—		—		552		552
Change in pension obligation	—		—		—		—		57		57	—		—		—		—		34		34
Exercise of stock options	540		1		4,498		—				4,499	72		—		563		—		—		563
Issuance of shares under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	1		—		19		—		—		19	15		—		509		—		—		509
Issuance of restricted common shares, net of shares withheld	69		—		(1,162)		—		—		(1,162)	214		—		(4,141)		—		—		(4,141)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		1,724		—		—		1,724	—		—		3,377				—		3,377
Repurchase of common stock	(358)		(1)		(5,775)		(1,725)		—		(7,501)	(323)		—		(5,827)		(7,531)		—		(13,358)
Balance at March 31, 2020	32,837	$	33	$	559,182	$	(130,730)	$	(1,313)	$	427,172
Net income	—		—		—		13,302		—		13,302
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—		—		836		836
Change in pension obligation	—		—		—		—		57		57
Exercise of stock options	343		—		2,783		—		—		2,783
Issuance of shares under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	21		—		490		—		—		490
Issuance of restricted common shares, net of shares withheld	232		—		(2,698)		—		—		(2,698)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		3,082		—		—		3,082
Balance at June 30, 2020	33,433	$	33	$	562,839	$	(117,428)	$	(420)	$	445,024
Balance at June 30, 2021												33,657	$	34	$	561,680	$	(70,281)	$	2,669	$	494,102

See accompanying Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements

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Axcelis Technologies, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Six months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2020		2019		2021		2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	24,523	$	6,618	$	35,386	$	24,523
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		4,829		3,600		5,336		4,829
Deferred income taxes		3,035		1,341		5,107		3,035
Stock-based compensation expense		4,806		3,989		5,784		4,806
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory		1,708		1,329		1,888		1,708
Changes in operating assets & liabilities:
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		18,752		16,346		7,091		18,752
Inventories		(9,123)		(11,161)		(32,418)		(9,123)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(4,206)		(433)		(3,309)		(4,206)
Accounts payable and other current liabilities		11,808		(21,559)		7,282		11,808
Deferred revenue		1,167		(8,498)		12,460		1,167
Income taxes		5		(129)		(27)		5
Other assets and liabilities		(729)		(11,769)		1,341		(729)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		56,575		(20,326)
Net cash provided by operating activities						45,921		56,575

Cash flows from investing activities
Expenditures for property, plant and equipment and capitalized software		(2,975)		(8,757)		(2,392)		(2,975)
Net cash used in investing activities		(2,975)		(8,757)		(2,392)		(2,975)

Cash flows from financing activities
Net settlement on restricted stock grants		(3,860)		(1,591)		(6,495)		(3,860)
Repurchase of common stock		(7,501)		(14,035)		(24,993)		(7,501)
Proceeds from Employee Stock Purchase Plan		509		407		508		509
Principal payments on finance lease obligation		(108)		—		(362)		(108)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		7,282		2,396		3,075		7,282
Net cash used in financing activities		(3,678)		(12,823)		(28,267)		(3,678)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		560		168		992		560
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		50,482		(41,738)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash						16,254		50,482

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		146,534		184,902		204,232		146,534
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	197,016	$	143,164	$	220,486	$	197,016

See accompanying Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements

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Axcelis Technologies, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. Nature of Business

Axcelis Technologies, Inc. (“Axcelis” or the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware in 1995 and is a producer of ion implantation equipment used in the fabrication of semiconductor chips in the United States, Europe and Asia. In addition, we provide extensive worldwide aftermarket service and support, including spare parts, equipment upgrades, used equipment and maintenance services to the semiconductor industry.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments which are of a normal recurring nature and considered necessary for a fair presentation of these financial statements have been included. Operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other interim periods or for the year as a whole.

The balance sheet at December 31, ~~2019~~2020 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Axcelis Technologies, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

Note 2. Stock-Based Compensation

We maintain the Axcelis Technologies, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2012 Equity Plan”), which became effective on May 2, 2012, and permits the issuance of options, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance awards to selected employees, directors and consultants of the Company. Our 2000 Stock Plan (the “2000 Stock Plan”) expired on May 1, 2012 and 0 new grants may be made under that plan after that date. However, unexpired options granted under the 2000 Stock Plan, which have a ~~10 year~~10-year term, remain outstanding and subject to the terms of the 2000 Stock Plan. We also maintain the Axcelis Technologies, Inc. 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the ~~“ESPP”~~“2020 ESPP”), an Internal Revenue Code Section 423 plan. The Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which was effective in June 2000 (the “2000 ESPP”), expired in June 2020.

The 2012 Equity Plan ~~and the ESPP are~~is more fully described in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

We recognized stock-based compensation expense of ~~$3.1~~$3.4 million and ~~$2.3~~$3.1 million for the ~~three month~~three-month periods ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. We recognized stock-based compensation expense of ~~$4.8~~$5.8 million and ~~$4.0~~$4.8 million for the ~~six month~~six-month periods ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. These amounts include compensation expense related to RSUs, non-qualified stock options and stock to be issued to participants under the 2020 ESPP and 2000 ESPP.

In the ~~three month~~three-month periods ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, we issued ~~0.6 million and~~ 0.3 million shares of common stock, respectively, upon stock option exercises, purchases under the ESPP and vesting of RSUs. In the three month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we received proceeds of $3.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in connection with the exercise of stock options and ESPP purchases.

~~In the six month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we issued 1.2~~ million and 0.6 million shares of common stock, respectively, upon stock option exercises, purchases under the ~~ESPP~~employee stock purchase plans and vesting of RSUs. In the ~~six month~~three-month periods ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, we received proceeds of ~~$7.8~~$1.1 million and ~~$2.8~~$3.3 million, respectively, in connection with the exercise of stock options and ~~ESPP purchases.~~purchases under the employee stock purchase plans.

In the six-month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we issued 0.7 million and 1.2 million shares of common stock, respectively, upon stock option exercises, purchases under the employee stock purchase plans and vesting of RSUs. In the six-month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we received proceeds of $3.6 million and $7.8 million, respectively, in connection with the exercise of stock options and purchases under the employee stock purchase plans.

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Note 3. Leases

We have operating leases for office space, warehouse space, computer and office equipment and vehicles used in our business operations. We have a finance lease as a result of the 2015 sale-leaseback of our corporate headquarters in

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Beverly, Massachusetts. All new agreements are reviewed to determine if they contain a lease component. A lease is a contract or part of a contract that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment ~~for~~over a period of time in exchange for consideration. We recognize the lease obligation on a discounted basis using the explicit or implicit discount rate stated within the agreement. We recognize a corresponding right-of-use asset, which is initially determined based upon the net present value of the associated liability and is adjusted for deferred costs and possible impairment, if any. For those lease agreements that do not indicate the applicable discount rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate. We have made the following policy elections: (i) operating leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet; (ii) we recognize lease expense for operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term; and (iii) we account for lease components and non-lease components that are fixed payments as one component. Some of our operating leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the respective lease term 1 to 3 years. The exercise of lease renewal options are at our sole discretion. For lease extensions that are reasonably certain to occur, we have included these renewal periods in our calculation of the net present value of the lease obligation and related right-of-use asset. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of certain assets and leasehold improvements is limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The amounts of operating and finance lease right-of-use assets and related lease obligations recorded within our consolidated balance sheets are as follows:


		June 30,		December 31,			June 30,		December 31,
Leases	Classification	2020		2019		Classification	2021		2020

Assets		(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Operating lease	Operating lease assets	$	5,033	$	5,849
Operating leases						Operating lease assets	$	7,626	$	4,542
Finance lease	Finance lease assets *		21,200		21,880	Finance lease assets *		19,889		20,544
Total leased assets		$	26,233	$	27,729		$	27,515	$	25,086
Liabilities
Current
Operating	Other current liabilities	$	2,989	$	3,144	Other current liabilities	$	3,215	$	2,573
Finance	Current portion of finance lease obligation		654		399	Current portion of finance lease obligation		864		756
Noncurrent
Operating	Other long-term liabilities		2,035		2,553	Other long-term liabilities		4,398		1,949
Finance	Finance lease obligation		47,787		48,149	Finance lease obligation		46,923		47,393
Total lease liabilities		$	53,465	$	54,245		$	55,400	$	52,671

* Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated depreciation of $47.9 million and include $0.7 million of prepaid financing costs as of June 30, 2020. Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated depreciation of $47.4 million and include $0.7 million of prepaid financing costs as of December 31, 2019.

* Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated depreciation of $48.9 million and include $0.7 million of prepaid financing costs as of June 30, 2021. Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated depreciation of $48.4 million and include $0.7 million of prepaid financing costs as of December 31, 2020.						* Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated depreciation of $48.9 million and include $0.7 million of prepaid financing costs as of June 30, 2021. Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated depreciation of $48.4 million and include $0.7 million of prepaid financing costs as of December 31, 2020.

All of our operating lease office locations support selling and servicing functions. Operating lease expense, and depreciation and interest expense relating to our finance lease obligation, are recognized within our consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 as follows:

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		Three months ended				Six months ended					Three months ended				Six months ended
		June 30,				June 30,					June 30,				June 30,
Lease cost	Classification	2020		2019		2020		2019		Classification	2021		2020		2021		2020

Operating lease cost		(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Service	Cost of revenue	$	624	$	583	$	1,174	$	1,180	Cost of revenue	$	644	$	624	$	1,283	$	1,174
Research and development	Operating expenses		128		86		209		152	Operating expenses		122		128		252		209
Sales and marketing*	Operating expenses		346		345		678		699	Operating expenses		376		346		755		678
General and administrative*	Operating expenses		220		193		435		402	Operating expenses		201		220		461		435
Total operating lease cost		$	1,318	$	1,207	$	2,496	$	2,433		$	1,343	$	1,318	$	2,751	$	2,496
Finance lease cost
Depreciation of leased assets	Cost of revenue, R&D, Sales and marketing and G&A	$	328	$	332	$	681	$	665	Cost of revenue, R&D, Sales and marketing and G&A	$	328	$	328	$	656	$	681
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense		1,299		1,311		2,602		2,541	Interest expense		1,274		1,299		2,553		2,602
Total finance lease cost		$	1,627	$	1,643	$	3,283	$	3,206		$	1,602	$	1,627	$	3,209	$	3,283

Total lease cost		$	2,945	$	2,850	$	5,779	$	5,639		$	2,945	$	2,945	$	5,960	$	5,779

* Sales and marketing, general and administrative expense includes short-term lease and variable lease costs of approximately $0.3 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively and includes short-term lease and variable lease costs of approximately $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
* Sales and marketing and general and administrative expense also includes short-term lease and variable lease costs of approximately $0.4 million and $0.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and includes short-term and variable lease costs of approximately $0.3 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.										* Sales and marketing and general and administrative expense also includes short-term lease and variable lease costs of approximately $0.4 million and $0.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and includes short-term and variable lease costs of approximately $0.3 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.

~~Our~~The lease of our corporate headquarters, shown below under finance leases, ~~has~~had an original lease term of 22 ~~years.~~years, beginning in January 2015. All other locations are treated as operating leases, with lease terms ranging from 1 to 10 years. The tables below reflect the minimum cash outflow regarding our current lease obligations as well as the weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rates used in our calculation of our lease obligations and right-of-use assets as of June 30, ~~2020:~~2021:


		Finance		Operating		Total			Finance		Operating		Total
Maturity of Lease Liabilities		Leases		Leases		Leases			Leases		Leases		Leases

		(in thousands)							(in thousands)
2020		$	2,865	$	1,843	$	4,708
2021			5,848		2,242		8,090		$	2,929	$	1,827	$	4,756
2022			5,980		945		6,925			5,980		3,053		9,033
2023			6,114		219		6,333			6,114		1,544		7,658
2024			6,252		86		6,338			6,252		794		7,046
2025										5,930		712		6,642
Thereafter			79,653		210		79,863			73,723		545		74,268
Total lease payments		$	106,712	$	5,545	$	112,257		$	100,928	$	8,475	$	109,403
Less interest portion*			(58,271)		(521)		(58,792)			(53,141)		(862)		(54,003)
Finance lease and operating lease obligations		$	48,441	$	5,024	$	53,465		$	47,787	$	7,613	$	55,400

* Finance lease interest calculated using the implied interest rate; operating lease interest calculated using estimated corporate borrowing rate.	* Finance lease interest calculated using the implied interest rate; operating lease interest calculated using estimated corporate borrowing rate.							* Finance lease interest calculated using the implied interest rate; operating lease interest calculated using estimated corporate borrowing rate.

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	June 30,
Lease term and discount rate	~~2020~~2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases		~~1.7~~3.0
Finance leases		~~16.6~~15.6
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases		4.5%
Finance leases		10.5%

Our cash outflows from our operating leases include rent expense and other charges associated with these leases. These cash flows are included within the operating activities section of our statement of cash flows. Our cash flows from our finance lease include both an interest component and payment of principal component. The table below shows our cash outflows,

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by lease type and related section of our statement of cash flows, as well as the non-cash amount capitalized on our balance sheet in relation to our operating lease right-of-use ~~assets:~~assets for the six months ending June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively:


	Six months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	2020		2019		2021		2020

	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	2,496	$	2,433	$	2,751	$	2,496
Operating cash outflows from finance leases		2,746		2,792		2,556		2,746
Financing cash outflows from finance leases		108		—		362		108
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities		1,038		6,431		4,192		1,038
Finance lease assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Note 4. Revenue

To reflect the organization of our business operations, we divide revenue into two categories: revenue from sales of new systems and revenue arising from the sale of used systems, parts and labor to customers who own systems, which we refer to as “Aftermarket.”

Revenue by categories used by management are as follows:


	Three months ended				Six months ended				Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,				June 30,				June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020		2021		2020

	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Systems	$	76,815	$	37,224	$	159,152	$	94,316	$	100,138	$	76,815	$	181,129	$	159,152
Aftermarket		46,150		37,081		82,804		71,466		47,136		46,150		98,921		82,804
	$	122,965	$	74,305	$	241,956	$	165,782
Total Revenue									$	147,274	$	122,965	$	280,050	$	241,956

We also consider revenue by geography. Revenue is allocated to geographic markets based upon the location to which our products are shipped and in which our services are performed. Revenue in our principal geographic markets is as follows:

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30,

June 30,

2020

2019

2020

2019

(in thousands)
North America

$
8,915

$
9,380

$
19,576

$
20,988
Asia Pacific

106,604

49,717

203,432

112,643
Europe

7,446

15,208

18,948

32,151

$
122,965

$
74,305

$
241,956

$
165,782

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	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020

	(in thousands)
North America	$	10,204	$	8,915	$	19,712	$	19,576
Asia Pacific		116,642		106,604		220,033		203,432
Europe		20,428		7,446		40,305		18,948
Total Revenue	$	147,274	$	122,965	$	280,050	$	241,956

Our system sales revenue transactions give rise to contract liabilities (in the case of pre-payments and the fair value of goods and services to be delivered after the system delivery, such as installation and certain warranty obligations).

Contract liabilities are as follows:


	June 30,		December 31,		June 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019		2021		2020

	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Contract liabilities	$	30,417	$	29,251	$	35,518	$	23,058

Contract liabilities are reflected as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet and relate to payments invoiced or received in advance of completion of performance obligations under a contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue upon the fulfillment of performance obligations.


	Three months ended				Six months ended				Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,				June 30,				June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020		2021		2020

	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of the period	$	34,106	$	20,481	$	29,251	$	22,584	$	22,142	$	34,106	$	23,058	$	29,251
Deferral of revenue		6,248		3,943		10,724		6,225		21,893		6,248		30,117		10,724
Recognition of deferred revenue		(9,937)		(10,344)		(9,558)		(14,729)		(8,517)		(9,937)		(17,657)		(9,558)
Balance, ending of the period	$	30,417	$	14,080	$	30,417	$	14,080
Balance, end of the period									$	35,518	$	30,417	$	35,518	$	30,417

The majority of our system transactions have payment terms of 90% due upon shipment of the tool and 10% due upon acceptance. Aftermarket transaction payment terms usually provide that payment is due either within 30 or 60 days after the service is provided or parts delivered.

Note 5. Receivables and Allowances for Credit Losses

All trade receivables are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their amortized cost adjusted for any write-offs and net of allowances for credit losses.

Axcelis maintains an allowance for credit losses, which represent an estimate of expected losses over the remaining contractual life of ~~its~~our receivables, considering current market conditions and estimates for supportable forecasts when appropriate. The estimate is a result of the Company’s ongoing assessments and evaluations of collectability, historical loss experience, and future expectations in estimating credit losses in ~~its~~our receivable portfolio. Axcelis uses historical loss experience rates and applies them to a related aging analysis while also considering customer and/or economic risk where appropriate. Determination of the proper amount of allowances requires management to exercise judgment about the timing, frequency and severity of credit losses that could materially affect the provision for credit losses and, as a result, net earnings. The allowance takes into consideration numerous quantitative and qualitative factors that include receivable type, historical loss experience, loss migration, delinquency trends, collection experience, current economic conditions, estimates for supportable forecasts, when appropriate, and credit risk characteristics.

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Axcelis evaluates the credit risk of the customer when extending credit based on a combination of various financial and qualitative factors that may affect ~~its~~our customers’ ability to pay. These factors may include the customer’s financial condition, past payment experience, and credit bureau report, as well as the value of the underlying collateral.

Management performs detailed reviews of ~~its~~Axcelis’ receivables on a quarterly basis to assess the adequacy of the allowances and to determine if any impairment has occurred. Amounts determined to be uncollectable are charged directly against the allowances, while amounts recovered on previously written-off accounts increase the allowances. Changes to the

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allowances for credit losses are maintained through adjustments to the provision for credit losses, which are charged to current period earnings.

The following table shows changes of the allowances for credit losses related to trade receivables for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020:~~2021 and 2020, respectively:


	Three months ended		Six months ended		Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,		June 30,		June 30,				June 30,
	2020		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020

	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Balance at January 1 (beginning of year)	$	—	$	818
Balance, beginning of period					$	—	$	—	$	—	$	818
Provision for credit losses		—		—		—		—		—		—
Charge-offs		—		(818)		—		—		—		(818)
Recoveries		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at June 30 (end of period)	$	—	$	—
Balance, end of period					$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Note 6. Computation of Net Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders (the numerator) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator) for the period. The computation of diluted earnings per share is similar to basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased by the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive common shares issuable on exercise of stock options and vesting of RSUs had been issued, calculated using the treasury stock method.

The components of net earnings per share are as follows:


	Three months ended				Six months ended				Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,				June 30,				June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020		2021		2020

	(in thousands, except per share amounts)								(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net income available to common stockholders	$	13,302	$	556	$	24,523	$	6,618	$	18,906	$	13,302	$	35,386	$	24,523
Weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing basic income per share		33,116		32,729		32,998		32,706		33,677		33,116		33,696		32,998
Incremental options and RSUs		842		1,172		1,025		1,358		634		842		777		1,025
Weighted average common shares used in computing diluted net income per share		33,958		33,901		34,023		34,064		34,311		33,958		34,473		34,023
Net income per share
Basic	$	0.40	$	0.02	$	0.74	$	0.20	$	0.56	$	0.40	$	1.05	$	0.74
Diluted	$	0.39	$	0.02	$	0.72	$	0.19	$	0.55	$	0.39	$	1.03	$	0.72

Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding does not include ~~3,138~~1,800 and ~~239,314~~3,138 common equivalent shares issuable with respect to outstanding equity awards for the ~~three month~~three-month periods ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, or ~~5,006~~1,352 and ~~12,213~~5,006 common equivalent shares issuable with respect to outstanding equity awards for the ~~six month~~six-month periods ending June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

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Note 7. Accumulated Other Comprehensive ~~Loss~~Income

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive ~~loss,~~income, net of tax, by component, for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020:~~2021:


	Foreign		Defined benefit				Foreign		Defined benefit
	currency		pension plan		Total		currency		pension plan		Total

	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	518	$	(776)	$	(258)
Balance at December 31, 2020							$	3,945	$	(510)	$	3,435
Other comprehensive loss and pension reclassification		(276)		114		(162)		(820)		54		(766)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	242	$	(662)	$	(420)
Balance at June 30, 2021							$	3,125	$	(456)	$	2,669

Note 8. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance ~~sheet~~sheets to the total of the amounts shown in the statement of cash flows:


	June 30,		December 31,		June 30,		December 31,
	2020			2019	2021			2020

	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	190,340	$	139,881	$	219,731	$	203,479
Long-term restricted cash		6,676		6,653		755		753
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	197,016	$	146,534	$	220,486	$	204,232

As of June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, we had ~~$6.7~~$0.8 million in restricted cash representing the total of (i) ~~cash collateral for a $5.9 million letter of credit serving as security for the lease of our corporate headquarters in Beverly, Massachusetts, (ii)~~ cash collateral for a $0.7 million letter of credit relating to workers’ compensation insurance and ~~(iii)~~(ii) a $0.1 million deposit relating to customs activity.

Note 9. Inventories, net

The components of inventories are as follows:


	June 30,		December 31,		June 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019		2021		2020

	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Raw materials	$	92,208	$	95,867	$	109,795	$	100,254
Work in process		35,550		32,131		40,233		33,867
Finished goods (completed systems)		21,420		12,366		42,293		26,955
Inventories, net	$	149,178	$	140,364	$	192,321	$	161,076

When recorded, inventory reserves reduce the carrying value of inventories to their net realizable value. We establish inventory reserves when conditions exist that indicate inventory may be in excess of anticipated demand or is obsolete based upon assumptions about future demand for the Company’s products or market conditions. We regularly evaluate the ability to realize the value of inventories based on a combination of factors including the following: forecasted sales or usage, estimated product end of life dates, estimated current and future market value and new product introductions. Purchasing and usage alternatives are also explored to mitigate inventory exposure.

Note 10. Product Warranty

We generally offer a ~~one year~~one-year warranty for all of our systems, the terms and conditions of which vary depending upon the product sold. For all systems sold, we accrue a liability for the estimated cost of standard warranty at the time of system shipment and defer the portion of systems revenue attributable to the fair value of non-standard warranty. Costs for non-standard warranty are expensed as incurred. Factors that affect our warranty liability include the number of installed units, historical and anticipated product failure rates, material usage and service labor costs. We periodically assess the adequacy of our recorded liability and adjust the amount as necessary.

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~~units, historical and anticipated product failure rates, material usage and service labor costs. We periodically assess the adequacy of our recorded liability and adjust the amount as necessary.~~

The changes in our standard product warranty liability are as follows:


	Six months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2020		2019		2021		2020

	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Balance at January 1 (beginning of year)	$	3,244	$	5,091	$	4,612	$	3,244
Warranties issued during the period		2,635		1,693		3,013		2,635
Settlements made during the period		(1,913)		(2,900)		(1,991)		(1,913)
Changes in estimate of liability for pre-existing warranties during the period		177		399		(372)		177
Balance at June 30 (end of period)	$	4,143	$	4,283	$	5,262	$	4,143

Amount classified as current	$	3,942	$	4,045	$	4,690	$	3,942
Amount classified as long-term		201		238		572		201
Total warranty liability	$	4,143	$	4,283	$	5,262	$	4,143

Note 11. Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets on our balance sheets are reported at their fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

(a) Fair Value Hierarchy

The accounting guidance for fair value measurement requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 - applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3 - applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

(b) Fair Value Measurements

Our money market funds and short-term investments are included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

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The following table sets forth our assets by level within the fair value hierarchy:


	June 30, 2020								June 30, 2021
	Fair Value Measurements								Fair Value Measurements
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds, U.S. Government Securities and Agency Investments	$	166,377	$	—	$	—	$	166,377	$	190,731	$	—	$	—	$	190,731


	December 31, 2019								December 31, 2020
	Fair Value Measurements								Fair Value Measurements
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

	(in thousands)								(in thousands)
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds, U.S. Government Securities and Agency Investments	$	92,872	$	24,000	$	—	$	116,872	$	172,119	$	—	$	—	$	172,119

(c) Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated balance sheets for accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets and non-current assets, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities.

Note 12. Financing Arrangements

On January 30, 2015, we sold our corporate headquarters facility in Beverly, Massachusetts for $48.9 million. As part of the sale, we also entered into a 22-year lease agreement of our headquarters facility. This sale-leaseback is accounted for as a financing lease under generally accepted accounting principles and, as such, we have recorded a financing obligation of ~~$48.4~~$47.8 million as of June 30, ~~2020.~~2021. The associated lease payments include both an interest component and payment of principal, with the remaining liability being extinguished at the end of the original lease term. We posted a security deposit of $5.9 million in the form of an irrevocable letter of credit at the time of the closing. This letter of credit ~~is cash collateralized~~reduces our availability under our credit facility, as described in the next paragraph.

On July 31, 2020, we entered into a Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Silicon Valley Bank, in its capacity as administrative agent and collateral agent for itself and as a lender, and such other banks and financial institutions or entities that from time to time join as lenders under the ~~associated cash is included~~Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility in ~~long-term restricted cash.~~an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $40.0 million. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest, senior to any current and future debts and to any security interest, in all of our rights, title, and interest in, to and under substantially all of our assets, subject to limited exceptions, including permitted liens. The revolving credit facility terminates on July 31, 2023. As of June 30, 2021, we were in compliance with all covenant requirements of the Credit Agreement. As of such date, 0 borrowings had been made under the Credit Agreement, although a letter of credit for $5.9 million reduces the funds available for borrowing under the credit line. We entered into a First Amendment to the Credit Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank in March 2021 to (i) align the covenants with our 2021 stock repurchase program, and (ii) established terms to transition from a Eurodollar based interest rate option to an interest rate benchmark using a secured overnight financing rate (known as “SOFR”) published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

Note 13. Income Taxes

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The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, was less than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due to favorable discrete items related to equity compensation in those periods and Federal research and development tax credits that reduce the annual tax rate.

We had ~~$64.6~~$51.4 million and ~~$68.1~~$57.9 million of net deferred tax assets worldwide relating to net operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards and other temporary differences, as of June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. These deferred tax assets are available to reduce income taxes in future years. We have a ~~$9.2~~$9.1 million valuation allowance in the U.S. against certain tax credits and state net operating losses due to the uncertainty of their realization based on long-term Company forecasts and the expiration dates on these tax assets. If future operating results of the Company within the U.S. or these foreign jurisdictions are significantly less than our expectations, it is reasonably possible that we would be required to record an additional valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets in the future.

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Note 14. Concentration of Risk

For the three months ended June 30, 2021, 2 customers accounted for 19.7% and 10.2% of total revenue, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, 3 customers accounted for 22.5%, 22.2% and 11.6% of total revenue, respectively. ~~For the three months ended June 30, 2019, 4 customers accounted for 15.7%, 14.2%, 12.7% and 12.5% of total revenue, respectively.~~

For the six months ended June 30, 2021, 1 customer accounted for 24.4% of total revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, 3 customers accounted for 19.7%, 18.5% and 16.2% of total revenue, respectively. ~~For the six months ended June 30, 2019, 4 customers accounted for 14.8%, 14.4%, 11.4% and 11.2% of total revenue respectively.~~

At June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, 2 customers accounted for ~~30.3%~~11.7% and ~~21.8%~~10.0% of accounts receivable, respectively. At December 31, ~~2019, 3~~2020, 2 customers accounted for ~~24.9%, 15.3%~~23.8% and ~~11.1%~~11.9% of accounts receivable, respectively.

Note 15. Share Repurchase

~~The~~In December 2020, our Board ~~has~~of Directors approved stock repurchases of up to ~~$50~~$100 million of our common stock through the end of ~~2020. At~~2021. During the ~~end~~six months ended June 30, 2021, we purchased 0.6 million shares at an average cost of the first quarter of 2020, we suspended the repurchase program in light of the economic uncertainty relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to invest cash in our business and to evaluate whether to recommence stock repurchases. If we do so, the$39.92 per share. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased ~~in 2020 beyond those acquired in the first quarter,~~under this program will depend on various factors including ~~the~~ price, ~~of our common stock, general business~~ corporate and ~~market conditions, and~~regulatory requirements, alternative investment opportunities orand other ~~uses of cash.~~market conditions.

Shares repurchased by us are accounted for when the transaction is settled. ~~There were 0 unsettled share repurchases at June 30, 2020.~~Shares repurchased and retired are deducted from common stock for par value and from additional paid-in capital for the excess over par value. If additional paid-in capital has been exhausted, the excess over par value is deducted from retained earnings. Direct costs incurred to acquire the shares are included in the total cost of the shares.

Note 16. Contingencies

(a) Litigation

We are from time to time a party to litigation that arises in the normal course of our business operations. We are not presently a party to any litigation that we believe might have a material adverse effect on our business operations.

(b) Indemnifications

Our system sales agreements typically include provisions under which we agree to take certain actions, provide certain remedies and defend our customers against third-party claims of intellectual property infringement under specified conditions and indemnify customers against any damage and costs awarded in connection with such claims. We have not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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Note 17. Recent Accounting Guidance

Accounting Standards Update 2019-12 Income Taxes (Topic 740)

We adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board ASU No. ~~2019-04~~ 2019-12 “~~“Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments”~~Income Taxes (Topic 740)” as of January 1, ~~2020, using the modified-retrospective approach resulting in no cumulative adjustment to retained earnings.~~2021 on a prospective basis. The amendments in this ~~Update clarify~~ASU simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions from the previous standard as well as requiring entities to include franchise tax partially based on income as an income based tax and to account for an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The guidance ~~within Topic 326 relating to credit losses. Topic 326 replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology~~in ASU 2019-12 is required for ~~financial assets measured at amortized cost with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration~~annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. Adoption of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information, including forecasted information, to develop credit loss estimates. Due to the requirements of Topic 326, management reviews the average annual write-off rate along with an assessment of current micro and macro-economic factors to determine any expected losses. The adoption of this Update did not have anyASU 2019-12 had no material ~~impact~~effect on our ~~results of operations or cash flows. See Note 5 above for further discussion.~~consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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~~Note 18. Subsequent Event – Revolving Credit Agreement~~

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Certain statements within "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Words such as may, will, should, would, anticipates, expects, intends, plans, believes, seeks, estimates and similar expressions identify such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained herein are based on current expectations and entail various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, among other things, those set forth under "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below and under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A to our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020,in~~Part II, Item 1A of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, and in Part II, Item 1A to this report on Form 10-Q,~~ which discussion is incorporated herein by reference. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's analysis only as of the date hereof. We assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in factors or assumptions affecting forward-looking statements, except as may be required by law.

Overview

We are primarily a producer of ion implantation equipment used in the fabrication of semiconductor chips in the United States, Europe and Asia. In addition, we provide extensive worldwide aftermarket service and support, including spare parts, equipment upgrades and maintenance services to the semiconductor industry. Our product development and manufacturing activities currently occur primarily in the United ~~States.~~States although we are adding additional manufacturing capacity in South Korea that should come online by year end 2021. Our equipment and service products are highly technical and are sold through a direct sales force in the United States, Europe and Asia. Consolidation and partnering within the semiconductor manufacturing industry has resulted in a small number of customers representing a substantial portion of our business. Our ten largest customers accounted for ~~80.3%~~71.1% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020.~~2021.

In the first half of ~~2020,~~2021, we delivered strong financial performance driven by strong semiconductor industry fundamentals and an increasing demand for our Purion ~~systems. The semiconductor supply chain was identified as a critical infrastructure sector~~products, especially in the Advisory Memorandum issued by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (“CISA”) on March 19, 2020 and updated on March 28, 2020. CISA’s list has been incorporated in orders by the Governor of Massachusetts and other states, which urge critical infrastructure sector businesses to continue to operate despite governmental restrictions imposed on general business operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, Axcelis has continued to operate throughout 2020, with a combination of work from home and the implementation of protocols for social distancing and other practices in our facilities, as recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Business travel has been substantially curtailed. Operations outsidehigh growth power device market. The rapid acceleration of the ~~U.S. have also been conducted in accordance with applicable local governmental laws and public health recommendations. We are closely monitoring the impact~~electrification of the ~~pandemic on our business~~automotive industry is creating substantial demand for power devices and ~~will adjust operations as needed.~~image sensors, which is driving sustainable growth for the Purion product extensions specifically developed for these markets.

~~The ultimate consequence of~~Despite the ~~pandemic~~many difficult logistical challenges brought on by trade tensions between the ~~semiconductor industry will be the aggregation of both positive~~United States and ~~negative forces on various customer market segments. For example, the pandemic is driving enhanced investment in PCs, video streaming~~China and communications technologies. On the other hand, it is dampening the demand for semiconductors for automotive and aviation applications. Our customers will be adapting to the changes in the volumes of different types of semiconductors demanded by the market. These adaptations could cause delay and uncertainty that could impact Axcelis. However,COVID-19, we are continuing to work closely with our customers across market segments ~~even during this difficult time,~~ to provide them with the best ion implant solutions for their specific manufacturing challenges.

Currently implemented, and potential additional disruptions and restrictions on our operations and ability to travel, including similar disruptions and restrictions impacting our suppliers or customers, could adversely affect our sales and operating results. Axcelis’ products rely on an extensive global supply chain, and shortages of certain parts could impact our ability to meet customers’ shipment expectations, negatively affecting our revenues. The COVID-19 pandemic may drive changes inIn December 2020, the ~~demand for certain~~United States Commerce Department placed one of our ~~customers’ products, resulting in~~major Chinese customers, Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (“SMIC”), on the U.S. export controls Entity List. As a delay or cancelation of purchases from us. Travel restrictions imposed by various countries during the pandemic may also impact our ability, and our customers’ readiness, to have purchased systems installed on planned schedules, causing delays. The extent to which COVID-19 may impact our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the severity and durationresult of the ~~current pandemic. We managed~~Entity List classification, we are required to ~~achieve strong performance~~obtain export controls licenses for all U.S. shipments to this customer. Although we have begun receiving these licenses, this situation did delay some shipments to this customer in the first half of ~~2020, despite~~

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~~the pandemic-related business risks described in this paragraph. At this time, however, there can be no assurance that these risks will not affect our future performance.~~2021.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations included herein and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ~~on-going~~ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Management’s estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

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Management has not identified any need to make any material change in, and has not changed, any of our critical accounting estimates and judgments as described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial ~~Conditions~~Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our results of operations as a percentage of total revenue:


	Three months ended				Six months ended				Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,				June 30,				June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenue:
Product	95.3	%	92.5	%	94.8	%	92.2	%	95.2	%	95.3	%	95.3	%	94.8	%
Services	4.7		7.5		5.2		7.8		4.8		4.7		4.7		5.2
Total revenue	100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0
Cost of revenue:
Product	53.3		50.0		54.8		51.0		52.1		53.3		52.5		54.8
Services	4.5		7.2		4.9		7.2		4.5		4.5		4.5		4.9
Total cost of revenue	57.8		57.2		59.7		58.2		56.6		57.8		57.0		59.7
Gross profit	42.2		42.8		40.3		41.8		43.4		42.2		43.0		40.3
Operating expenses:
Research and development	13.0		18.5		12.7		16.5		11.3		13.0		11.5		12.7
Sales and marketing	7.7		11.4		7.3		10.5		8.3		7.7		8.1		7.3
General and administrative	8.2		10.2		7.9		9.3		7.6		8.2		7.6		7.9
Total operating expenses	28.9		40.1		27.9		36.3		27.2		28.9		27.2		27.9
Income from operations	13.3		2.7		12.4		5.5		16.2		13.3		15.8		12.4
Other (expense) income:
Interest income	0.1		1.1		0.2		1.0		—		0.1		—		0.2
Interest expense	(1.1)		(1.8)		(1.1)		(1.5)		(0.9)		(1.1)		(0.8)		(1.1)
Other, net	0.3		(0.3)		(0.1)		(0.2)		—		0.3		(0.4)		(0.1)
Total other expense	(0.7)		(1.0)		(1.0)		(0.7)		(0.9)		(0.7)		(1.2)		(1.0)
Income before income taxes	12.6		1.7		11.4		4.8		15.3		12.6		14.6		11.4
Income tax provision	1.8		1.1		1.4		0.8		2.6		1.8		2.0		1.4
Net income	10.8	%	0.6	%	10.0	%	4.0	%	12.7	%	10.8	%	12.6	%	10.0	%

Revenue

The following table sets forth our product and services revenue:


	Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended						Period-to-Period						Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended						Period-to-Period
	June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change						June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$		%		2020			2019			$			%			2021			2020			$		%		2021			2020			$		%

	(dollars in thousands)																						(dollars in thousands)
Revenue:
Product	$	117,194		$	68,714		$	48,480	70.6	%	$	229,327		$	152,911		$	76,416	50.0		%	$	140,156		$	117,194		$	22,962	19.6	%	$	266,765		$	229,327		$	37,438	16.3	%
Percentage of revenue		95.3	%		92.5	%						94.8	%		92.2	%							95.2	%		95.3	%						95.3	%		94.8	%
Services		5,771			5,591			180	3.2	%		12,629			12,871			(242)	(1.9)		%		7,118			5,771			1,347	23.3	%		13,285			12,629			656	5.2	%
Percentage of revenue		4.7	%		7.5	%						5.2	%		7.8	%							4.8	%		4.7	%						4.7	%		5.2	%
Total revenue	$	122,965		$	74,305		$	48,660	65.5	%	$	241,956		$	165,782		$	76,174	45.9		%	$	147,274		$	122,965		$	24,309	19.8	%	$	280,050		$	241,956		$	38,094	15.7	%

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Three months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared with Three months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

Product

Product revenue, which includes systems sales, sales of spare parts, product upgrades and used systems was ~~$117.2~~$140.2 million, or ~~95.3%~~95.2% of revenue during the three months ended June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, compared with ~~$68.7~~$117.2 million, or ~~92.5%~~

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95.3% of revenue for the three months ended June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. The ~~$48.5~~$23.0 million increase in product revenue for the ~~three month~~three-month period ending June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, in comparison to the same period in ~~2019,~~2020, was primarily driven by an increase in the number of systems sold.

A portion of our revenue from systems sales is deferred until installation and other services related to future performance obligations are performed. The total amount of deferred revenue at June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$30.4~~$35.5 million and ~~$29.3~~$23.1 million, respectively. The ~~net~~ increase in deferred revenue was primarily due to ~~the collection of advance payments on~~customer prepayments for systems.

Services

Services revenue, which includes the labor component of maintenance and service contracts and fees for service hours provided by on-site service personnel, was $7.1 million, or 4.8% of revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared with $5.8 million, or 4.7% of revenue for the three months ended June 30, ~~2020, compared with $5.6 million, or 7.5% of revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. Although services revenue typically increases with the expansion of the installed base of systems, it can fluctuate from period to period based on capacity utilization at customers’ manufacturing facilities, which affects the need for equipment service.

Six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared with Six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

Product

Product revenue was ~~$229.3~~$266.8 million, or ~~94.8%~~95.3% of revenue during the six months ended June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, compared with ~~$152.9~~$229.3 million, or ~~92.2%~~94.8% of revenue for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. The ~~$76.4~~$37.4 million increase in product revenue for the ~~six month~~six-month period ~~ended~~ending June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, in comparison to the same period in ~~2019,~~2020, was primarily driven by an increase in the number of systems ~~sold.~~sold and to a lesser extent revenue increases in spare parts, product upgrades and used systems.

Services

Services revenue was $13.3 million, or 4.7% of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared with $12.6 million, or 5.2% of revenue for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020, compared with $12.9 million, or 7.8% of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020.

Revenue Categories used by Management

In addition to the line item revenue categories discussed above, management also regularly disaggregates revenue in the following categories, which it finds relevant and useful:

●~~Ion implant revenue separate from revenue from legacy non-implant product lines, given that ion implantation systems are the primary driver of our growth and strategic objectives;~~

●~~Systems and Aftermarket revenues, in which “Aftermarket” is~~

A.~~the portion of Product revenue relating to spare parts, product upgrades and used equipment combined with~~

B.~~Services revenue, which is the labor component of Aftermarket revenues;~~

●

Ion implant revenue separate from revenue from legacy non-ion implant product lines, given that ion implantation systems are the primary driver of our growth and strategic objectives;

●

Systems and Aftermarket revenues, in which “Aftermarket” is:

The portion of Product revenue relating to spare parts, product upgrades and used equipment, combined with

Services revenue, which is the labor component of Aftermarket revenues

(Aftermarket purchases reflect current fab utilization as opposed to Systems purchases which reflect capital investment decisions by our customers, which have differing economic ~~drivers;~~drivers);

●~~Revenue by geographic regions, since economic factors impacting customer purchasing decisions may vary by geographic region; and~~

●Revenue by our customer market segments, since they can be subject to different economic drivers at different periods of time, impacting a customer’s likelihood of purchasing capital equipment during any particular period. Currently, management references three customer market segments: memory, mature technology processes and leading edge foundry and logic.

2221

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●

Revenue by geographic regions, since economic factors impacting customer purchasing decisions may vary by geographic region; and

●

Revenue by our customer market segments, since they can be subject to different economic drivers at different periods of time, impacting a customer’s likelihood of purchasing capital equipment during any particular period. Currently, management references three customer market segments: memory, mature technology processes and leading edge foundry and logic.

The ion implant and Aftermarket revenue categories for recent periods are discussed below.

Three months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared with Three months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

Ion Implant

Included in total revenue of ~~$123.0~~$147.3 million during the three months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 is revenue from sales of ion implant products and services of ~~$118.7~~$142.9 million, or ~~96.6%~~97.0% of total revenue, compared with ~~$70.2~~$118.7 million, or ~~94.5%~~96.6%, of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. The remaining ~~$4.3~~$4.4 million of revenue for the three months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 was non-ion implant parts and services.

Aftermarket

Included in total revenue of ~~$123.0~~$147.3 million during the three months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 is revenue from our Aftermarket business of ~~$46.2~~$47.1 million, compared to ~~$37.1~~$46.2 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. The remaining ~~$76.8~~$100.2 million of revenue for the three months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 was from system sales. Aftermarket revenue fluctuates from period to period based on capacity utilization at customers’ manufacturing facilities, which affects the sale of spare parts and demand for equipment service. Aftermarket revenue can also fluctuate from period to period based on the demand for system upgrades or used equipment.

Six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared with Six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

Ion Implant

Included in total revenue of ~~$242.0~~$280.1 million during the six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 is revenue from sales of ion implant products and services of ~~$233.8~~$271.6 million, or ~~96.6%~~97.0% of total revenue, compared with ~~$157.2~~$233.8 million, or ~~94.8%~~96.6%, of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. The remaining ~~$8.2~~$8.5 million of revenue for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 was non-ion implant parts and services.

Aftermarket

Included in total revenue of ~~$242.0~~$280.1 million during the six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 is revenue from our Aftermarket business of ~~$82.8~~$98.9 million, compared to ~~$71.5~~$82.8 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. The remaining ~~$159.2~~$181.2 million of revenue for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 was from system sales.

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Gross Profit / Gross Margin

The following table sets forth our gross profit / gross margin:


	Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended						Period-to-Period				Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended						Period-to-Period
	June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$		%			2020			2019		$		%		2021			2020			$		%			2021			2020		$		%

	(dollars in thousands)																				(dollars in thousands)
Gross Profit:
Product	$	51,675		$	31,526		$	20,149	63.9	%	$	96,636		$	68,393		$	28,243	41.3	%	$	63,468		$	51,675		$	11,793	22.8	%	$	119,743		$	96,636		$	23,107	23.9	%
Product gross margin		44.1	%		45.9	%						42.1	%		44.7	%						45.3	%		44.1	%						44.9	%		42.1	%

Services		224			223			1	(0.4)	%		812			862			(50)	(5.8)	%		546			224			322	(143.8)	%		706			812			(106)	(13.1)	%
Services gross margin		3.9	%		4.0	%						6.4	%		6.7	%						7.7	%		3.9	%						5.3	%		6.4	%
Total gross profit	$	51,899		$	31,749		$	20,150	63.5	%	$	97,448		$	69,255		$	28,193	40.7	%	$	64,014		$	51,899		$	12,115	23.3	%	$	120,449		$	97,448		$	23,001	23.6	%
Gross margin		42.2	%		42.8	%						40.3	%		41.8	%						43.4	%		42.2	%						43.0	%		40.3	%

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Three months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared with Three months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

Product

Gross margin from product revenue was 45.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to 44.1% for the three months ended June 30, ~~2020, compared to 45.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The ~~decrease in gross margin~~increase resulted from ~~a decreased mix of higher margin~~improved gross margins on parts and upgrades ~~partially offset by improved margins on~~ and

Purion systems.

Services

Gross margin from services revenue was ~~3.9% for the three month periods ended June 30, 2020, compared to 4.0%~~7.7% for the three months ended June 30, ~~2019.~~2021, compared to 3.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The ~~decrease~~increase in gross margin is attributable to changes in the mix of service contracts.

Six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared with Six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

Product

Gross margin from product revenue was 44.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to 42.1% for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020, compared to 44.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The ~~decrease~~increase in gross margin resulted from ~~a decreased~~an increased mix of higher margin parts and upgrades ~~partially offset by~~and improved margins on Purion systems.

Services

Gross margin from services revenue was 5.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to 6.4% for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020, compared to 6.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The decrease in gross margin is attributable to changes in the mix of service contracts.

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Operating Expenses

The following table sets forth our operating expenses:


	Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended						Period-to-Period				Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended						Period-to-Period
	June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$		%		2020			2019			$		%		2021			2020			$		%		2021			2020			$		%

	(dollars in thousands)																				(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	16,040		$	13,720		$	2,320	16.9	%	$	30,646		$	27,405		$	3,241	11.8	%	$	16,623		$	16,040		$	583	3.6	%	$	32,308		$	30,646		$	1,662	5.4	%
Percentage of revenue		13.0	%		18.5	%						12.7	%		16.5	%						11.3	%		13.0	%						11.5	%		12.7	%
Sales and marketing		9,437			8,436			1,001	11.9	%		17,641			17,354			287	1.7	%		12,177			9,437			2,740	29.0	%		22,564			17,641			4,923	27.9	%
Percentage of revenue		7.7	%		11.4	%						7.3	%		10.5	%						8.3	%		7.7	%						8.1	%		7.3	%
General and administrative		10,041			7,583			2,458	32.4	%		19,077			15,390			3,687	24.0	%		11,217			10,041			1,176	11.7	%		21,230			19,077			2,153	11.3	%
Percentage of revenue		8.2	%		10.2	%						7.9	%		9.3	%						7.6	%		8.2	%						7.6	%		7.9	%
Total operating expenses	$	35,518		$	29,739		$	5,779	19.4	%	$	67,364		$	60,149		$	7,215	12.0	%	$	40,017		$	35,518		$	4,499	12.7	%	$	76,102		$	67,364		$	8,738	13.0	%
Percentage of revenue		28.9	%		40.1	%						27.9	%		36.3	%						27.2	%		28.9	%						27.2	%		27.9	%

Our operating expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, commissions, ~~expected~~ incentive ~~plan payouts,~~based compensation, stock-based compensation and related benefits and taxes; project material costs related to the design and development of new products and enhancement of existing products; and professional fees, travel and depreciation expenses.

Personnel costs are our largest expense, representing $25.4 million or 63.5% of our total operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $22.8 million or 64.3% of our total operating expenses for the three ~~month period~~months ended June 30, ~~2020, compared to $17.8~~2020. Personnel costs were $47.5 million or ~~59.9%~~62.4% of our total operating expenses for the ~~three month period~~six months ended June 30, ~~2019. Personnel costs were~~2021, compared to $42.8 million or 63.5% of our total operating expenses for the six ~~month period~~months ended June 30, ~~2020, compared to $35.6 million or 59.2% of our total operating expenses for the six month period ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The higher personnel costs for the three and six ~~month periods~~months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 is primarily due to ~~higher incentive based pay expense.~~an increase in personnel expenses to support growth.

~~Table of Contents~~

Research and Development


	Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended							Period-to-Period			Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended							Period-to-Period
	June 30,						Change				June 30,							Change			June 30,						Change				June 30,							Change
	2020			2019				$	%		2020			2019				$	%		2021			2020				$	%		2021			2020				$	%

	(dollars in thousands)																				(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	16,040		$	13,720		$	2,320	16.9	%	$	30,646		$	27,405		$	3,241	11.8	%	$	16,623		$	16,040		$	583	3.6	%	$	32,308		$	30,646		$	1,662	5.4	%
Percentage of revenue		13.0	%		18.5	%						12.7	%		16.5	%						11.3	%		13.0	%						11.5	%		12.7	%

Our ability to remain competitive depends largely on continuously developing innovative technology, with new and enhanced features and systems and introducing them at competitive prices on a timely basis. Accordingly, based on our strategic plan, we establish annual R&D budgets to fund programs that we expect will solve customers’ high value, high impact, ion implantation challenges.

Three months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared with Three months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

Research and development expense was $16.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $0.6 million, or 3.6%, compared with $16.0 million during the three months ended June 30, ~~2020, an increase of $2.3 million, or 16.9%, compared with $13.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The increase is primarily due to higher personnel expenses and incentive based pay expense.

Six months ended June 30, 2021 Compared with Six months ended June 30, 2020

Research and development expense was $32.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $1.7 million, or 5.4%, compared with $30.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020. The increase is primarily due to higher personnel expenses, supplies and materials costs for ongoing projects and increased depreciation associated with capital additions.

~~Six months ended June 30, 2020 Compared with Six months ended June 30, 2019~~24

~~Research and development expense was $30.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020, an increase~~Table of $3.2 million, or 11.8%, compared with $27.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase is primarily due to higher incentive based pay expense, supplies and materials costs for ongoing projects and increased depreciation associated with capital additions.Contents

Sales and Marketing


	Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended						Period-to-Period				Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended						Period-to-Period
	June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$		%		2020			2019			$		%		2021			2020			$		%		2021			2020			$		%

	(dollars in thousands)																				(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	9,437		$	8,436		$	1,001	11.9	%	$	17,641		$	17,354		$	287	1.7	%	$	12,177		$	9,437		$	2,740	29.0	%	$	22,564		$	17,641		$	4,923	27.9	%
Percentage of revenue		7.7	%		11.4	%						7.3	%		10.5	%						8.3	%		7.7	%						8.1	%		7.3	%

Our sales and marketing expenses result primarily from the sale of our equipment and services through our direct sales force.

Three months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared with Three months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

Sales and marketing expense was $12.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $2.7 million, or 29.0%, compared with $9.4 million during the three months ended June 30, ~~2020, an increase of $1.0 million, or 11.9%, compared with $8.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The increase is primarily due to increases in freight expense and project material costs as well as higher ~~incentive based pay expense.~~personnel related expenses.

Six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared with Six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

Sales and marketing expense was $22.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $4.9 million, or 27.9%, compared with $17.6 million during the six months ended June 30, ~~2020, an increase of $0.3 million, or 1.7%, compared with $17.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The increase is primarily due to increases in freight expense and project material costs as well as higher ~~incentive based pay expense.~~personnel related expenses.

~~Table of Contents~~

General and Administrative


	Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended						Period-to-Period				Three months ended						Period-to-Period				Six months ended						Period-to-Period
	June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$		%		2020			2019			$		%		2021			2020			$		%		2021			2020			$		%

	(dollars in thousands)																				(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative	$	10,041		$	7,583		$	2,458	32.4	%	$	19,077		$	15,390		$	3,687	24.0	%	$	11,217		$	10,041		$	1,176	11.7	%	$	21,230		$	19,077		$	2,153	11.3	%
Percentage of revenue		8.2	%		10.2	%						7.9	%		9.3	%						7.6	%		8.2	%						7.6	%		7.9	%

Our general and administrative expenses result primarily from the costs associated with our executive, finance, information technology, legal and human resource functions.

Three months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared with Three months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

General and administrative expense was $11.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $1.2 million, or 11.7%, compared with $10.0 million during the three months ended June 30, ~~2020, an increase of $2.5 million, or 32.4%, compared with $7.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The increase is primarily due to an increase in personnel expenses and incentive based pay expense.

Six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared with Six months ended June 30, ~~2019~~2020

General and administrative expense was $21.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $2.2 million, or 11.3%, compared with $19.1 million during the six months ended June 30, ~~2020, an increase of $3.7 million, or 24.0%, compared with $15.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The increase is primarily due to an increase in personnel expenses and incentive based pay expense.

Other (Expense) Income


	Three months ended						Period-to-period				Six months ended						Period-to-period				Three months ended						Period-to-period				Six months ended						Period-to-period
	June 30,						change				June 30,						change				June 30,						change				June 30,						change
	2020			2019			$		%		2020			2019			$		%		2021			2020			$		%		2021			2020			$		%

	(dollars in thousands)																				(dollars in thousands)
Other expense	$	(808)		$	(655)		$	(153)	(23.4)	%	$	(2,249)		$	(1,217)		$	(1,032)	(84.8)	%	$	(1,249)		$	(808)		$	441	54.6	%	$	(3,398)		$	(2,249)		$	1,149	51.1	%
Percentage of revenue		(0.7)	%		(1.0)	%						(1.0)	%		(0.7)	%						(0.9)	%		(0.7)	%						(1.2)	%		(1.0)	%

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Other (expense) income consists primarily of interest expense relating to the finance lease obligation we incurred in connection with the 2015 sale of our headquarters facility and other financing obligations, foreign exchange gains and losses attributable to fluctuations of the USU.S. dollar against local currencies of certain of the countries in which we operate as well as interest earned on our invested cash balances.

Other expense was $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared with $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2020, compared with $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The increase in other expense ~~of $0.1 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2020 compared to the three month period ended June 30, 2019,~~ was primarily due to ~~higher~~an increase in foreign currency exchange ~~losses in the current year period compared to the prior year.~~losses. Other expense was $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared with $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020, compared with $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The increase in other expense was primarily due to an increase in foreign currency exchange losses of ~~$1.0~~$0.6 million ~~for~~as well as a reduction of $0.5 million in interest income when compared to the ~~six month~~six-month period ended June 30, ~~2020 compared to the six month period ended June 30, 2019, was primarily due to higher foreign currency exchange losses in the current year period compared to the prior year.~~2020.

During the ~~six month~~six-month periods ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, we had no significant off-balance-sheet risk such as exchange contracts, option contracts or other hedging arrangements.

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Income Tax Provision


	Three months ended							Period-to-period				Six months ended							Period-to-period				Three months ended							Period-to-period				Six months ended							Period-to-period
	June 30,							change				June 30,							change				June 30,							change				June 30,							change
	2020			2019				$		%		2020			2019				$		%		2021			2020				$		%		2021			2020				$		%

	(dollars in thousands)																						(dollars in thousands)
Income tax provision	$	2,271			$	799		$	1,472	184.2	%	$	3,312			$	1,271		$	2,041	160.6	%	$	3,842			$	2,271		$	1,571	(69.2)	%	$	5,563			$	3,312		$	2,251	68.0	%
Percentage of revenue		1.8	%			1.1	%						1.4	%			0.8	%						2.6	%			1.8	%						2.0	%			1.4	%

Income tax expense was $3.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, ~~2020, compared to $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019.~~2020. The $1.5 million increase was primarily due to a ~~$14.2~~$7.2 million increase in pretax income. ~~The income~~Income tax ~~provision~~expense was ~~$3.3~~$5.6 million during the six months ended June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, compared to ~~$1.3~~$3.3 million for the six months ended June 30, ~~2019.~~2020. The ~~$2.0~~$2.3 million increase was primarily due to a ~~$19.9~~$13.1 million increase in pretax income. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, was less than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due to favorable discrete items related to equity compensation in those periods ~~and~~as well as Federal research and development tax credits that reduce the annual tax rate.

~~On March 27, 2020, the President of the United States signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic~~

~~Security Act ("CARES Act")~~. ~~The CARES Act, among other things, includes certain income tax provisions for individuals and corporations, however, these benefits do not materially impact our income tax provision.~~

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We had ~~$190.3~~$219.7 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents at June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, in addition to ~~$6.7~~$0.8 million in restricted ~~cash, primarily comprised of the $5.9 million security deposit for the lease of our corporate headquarters.~~cash. Management believes that maintaining a strong cash balance is necessary to provide funding for potential ramps in our business which can require significant cash investment to meet sudden demand. Additionally, we are using cash in our 2021 stock repurchase program and are considering both organic and inorganic opportunities to drive future growth, for which cash resources will be necessary.

Our liquidity is affected by many factors. Some of these relate specifically to the operations of our business, for example, the rate of sale of our products, and others relate to the uncertainties of global economic conditions, including the availability of credit and the condition of the overall semiconductor equipment industry. Our established cost structure, other than cost of goods sold, does not vary significantly with changes in volume. We experience fluctuations in operating results and cash flows depending on these factors. ~~We may also engage in stock~~Stock repurchases, as discussed ~~below.~~below, also reduce our cash balances.

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During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we generated $45.9 million of cash related to operating activities. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we generated $56.6 million of cash related to operating activities. ~~In comparison, during the six months ended June 30, 2019, we used $20.3 million of cash from operations.~~

Investing activities for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 resulted in cash outflows of ~~$3.0~~$2.4 million and ~~$8.8~~$3.0 million, respectively, used for capital expenditures.

Financing activities for the six months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 resulted in a ~~net~~ cash usage of ~~$3.7~~$28.3 million. During the first ~~half~~six months of ~~2020, $7.5~~2021, $25.0 million in cash was used to repurchase our common stock and ~~$3.9~~$6.5 million was used for payments to government tax authorities for income tax withholding on employee compensation arising from the vesting of RSUs, where shares are withheld by the Company, as well as $0.4 million relating to the reduction of the liability under the finance lease of our corporate headquarters. These amounts were partially offset by $3.6 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options and purchase of shares under our 2020 ESPP during the first six months of 2021. In comparison, financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2020 resulted in cash usage of $3.7 million, $7.5 million of which related to the repurchase of our common stock and $3.9 million related to payments made to government tax authorities for income tax withholding on employee compensation arising from the vesting of RSUs, as well as $0.1 million relating to the reduction of our financing lease liability. These amounts were partially offset by $7.8 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options and purchases under the ESPP, during the first half of 2020. Financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 resulted in a net cash usage of $12.8 million, $14.0 million of which related to the repurchase of our common stock and $1.6 million related to payments

~~Table of Contents~~

~~made to government tax authorities for income tax withholding on employee compensation arising from the vesting of RSUs. These amounts were partially offset by $2.8 million of proceeds~~ related to the exercise of stock options and purchase of shares under our ~~ESPP~~prior employee stock purchase plan during the first ~~half~~six months of ~~2019.~~2020.

Under the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), we qualify as a “well-known seasoned issuer,” which allows us to file shelf registration statements to register an unspecified amount of securities that are effective upon filing. On May 29, 2020, we filed such a shelf registration statement with the SEC for the issuance of an unspecified amount of common stock, preferred stock, various series of debt securities and/or warrants to purchase any of such securities, either individually or in units, from time to time at prices and on terms to be determined at the time of any such offering. This registration statement was effective upon filing and will remain in effect for up to three years from filing, prior to which time we may file another shelf registration statement to maintain the availability of this financing option.

On July 31, 2020, we entered into a Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Silicon Valley Bank. The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $40.0 million. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest, senior to any current and future debts and to any security interest, in all of our rights, title, and interest in, to and under substantially all of our assets, subject to limited exceptions, including permitted liens. The revolving credit facility terminates on ~~August 3, 2023. No borrowing is outstanding on this facility as~~July 31, 2023. As of June 30, 2021, we were in compliance with all covenant requirements of the ~~filing~~Credit Agreement. As of ~~this Form 10-Q.~~such date, no borrowings had been made under the Credit Agreement, although a letter of credit for $5.9 million reduces the funds available for borrowing under the credit line. We have no immediate plans to borrow under the Credit Agreement, but we will use the facility for letters of credit, for ongoing working capital needs and to fund general corporate purposes, as desired. ~~See Note 18~~We entered into a First Amendment to the ~~financial statements included elsewhere~~Credit Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank in ~~this Quarterly Report.~~March 2021 to (i) align the covenants with our 2021 stock repurchase program, and (ii) establish terms to transition from a Eurodollar based interest rate option to an interest rate benchmark using a secured overnight financing rate (known as “SOFR”) published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

We believe that based on our current market, revenue, expense and cash flow forecasts, our existing cash, cash equivalents and ~~borrowing~~equity and debt financing capacity will be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated cash requirements for the short and long-term.

In December 2019, our Board of Directors authorized an increase and extension of the share repurchase program, of up to $50 million of the Company's common stock through 2020. These shares could be purchased in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. At the end of the first quarter of 2020, we suspended the repurchase program in light of the economic uncertainty relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. As of June 30, 2020, we had approximately $24.8 million remaining under the share repurchase program.

We continue to invest cash in our business and to evaluate whether to recommence stock repurchases. Consideration of whether to do so includes an evaluation of the known and anticipated effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and industry. See Note 15 to the financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. If we do recommence stock purchases, the timing and actual number of shares repurchased in 2020 beyond those acquired in the first quarter, will depend on various factors, including the price of our common stock, general business and market conditions, and alternative investment opportunities or other uses of cash. See Part II, Item 2 of this report for purchases under this program during the second quarter of 2020.

Commitments and Contingencies

Significant commitments and contingencies at June 30, ~~2020~~2021 are consistent with those discussed in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

As of June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, there have been no material changes to the quantitative information about market risk disclosed in Item 7A to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, these disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified in connection with the evaluation of our internal control that occurred during the three months ended June 30, ~~2020~~2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We are, from time to time, a party to litigation that arises in the normal course of our business operations. We are not presently a party to any litigation that we believe might have a material adverse effect on our business operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

As of June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, there have been no material changes to the risk factors described in Item 1A to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019, other than the addition of the risk factor included in Part II, Item 1A of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,~~ 2020.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

~~Our~~In December 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program covering ~~calendar years 2019 and 2020~~2021 for up to ~~$50~~$100 million of the Company's common stock. This program was announced on December 3, 2019. As discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Liquidity above, and in Note 15 to the financial statements contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, this program was suspended at the end of the first quarter of 2020, but not terminated.

The following table summarizes the stock repurchase activity, based upon settlement date, for the three months ended June 30, ~~2020 and~~2021 as well as the approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased pursuant to our stock repurchase program:


	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program*	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program		Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program

	(in thousands except per share amounts)					(in thousands except per share amounts)
April 1, 2020 through April 30, 2020	—	$0.00	—	$	24,756
May 1, 2020 through May 31, 2020	—	$0.00	—		24,756
June 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020	—	$0.00	—		24,756
April 1, 2021 through April 30, 2021						117	$43.35	117	$	83,286
May 1, 2021 through May 31, 2021						100	$39.74	100		79,312
June 1, 2021 through June 30, 2021						106	$40.74	106	$	75,006
Total	—		—			323		323

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

The following exhibits are filed herewith:


Exhibit No		Description

3.1		Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company filed November 2, 2017. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on November 3, 2017.

3.2		Bylaws of the Company, as amended as of May 13, 2014. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission on May 19, 2014.

31.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer under Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) (Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), dated August ~~5, 2020.~~6, 2021. Filed herewith.

31.2		Certification of the Principal Financial Officer under Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) (Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), dated August ~~5, 2020.~~6, 2021. Filed herewith.

32.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of title 18 of the United States Code (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), dated August ~~5, 2020.~~6, 2021. Filed herewith.

32.2		Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of title 18 of the United States Code (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), dated August ~~5, 2020.~~6, 2021. Filed herewith.

101		The following materials from the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, formatted in inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited). Filed herewith.

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	AXCELIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
DATED: August ~~5, 2020~~6, 2021	By:	/s/ KEVIN J. BREWER

		Kevin J. Brewer
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer

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