UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| |
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-35000
Walker && Dunlop, Inc.
(Exact (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland |
| 80-0629925 |
(State or other jurisdiction of |
| (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
incorporation or organization) |
|
|
75017272 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 1200E1300
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
(301) 215-5500
(Address of principal executive offices and registrant’sregistrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value Per Share | WD | New York Stock Exchange |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒☒ No ☐☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒☒ No ☐☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large“large accelerated filer,” “accelerated” “accelerated filer,” “smaller” “smaller reporting company,”” and “emerging“emerging growth company”company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer Smaller Reporting Company |
| Accelerated Filer Emerging Growth Company |
| Non-accelerated Filer |
|
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐☐ No ☒☒
As of OctoberApril 28, 2021,2022, there were 32,038,21633,130,194 total shares of common stock outstanding.
Walker && Dunlop, Inc.
Form 10-Q
INDEX
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PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Walker && Dunlop, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | |
| | | September 30, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | | |
Assets | | | | | |
| |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 318,188 | | $ | 321,097 | |
Restricted cash | |
| 34,875 | |
| 19,432 | |
Pledged securities, at fair value | |
| 148,774 | |
| 137,236 | |
Loans held for sale, at fair value | |
| 2,711,900 | |
| 2,449,198 | |
Loans held for investment, net | |
| 233,685 | |
| 360,402 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | |
| 929,825 | |
| 862,813 | |
Goodwill and other intangible assets | |
| 341,703 | |
| 250,838 | |
Derivative assets | |
| 85,486 | |
| 49,786 | |
Receivables, net | |
| 106,228 | |
| 65,735 | |
Other assets | |
| 206,198 | |
| 134,438 | |
Total assets | | $ | 5,116,862 | | $ | 4,650,975 | |
| | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | |
Warehouse notes payable | | $ | 2,848,579 | | $ | 2,517,156 | |
Note payable | |
| 289,763 | |
| 291,593 | |
Allowance for risk-sharing obligations | |
| 61,607 | |
| 75,313 | |
Guaranty obligation, net | |
| 49,060 | |
| 52,306 | |
Derivative liabilities | |
| 13,263 | |
| 5,066 | |
Other liabilities | | | 470,654 | | | 513,319 | |
Total liabilities | | $ | 3,732,926 | | $ | 3,454,753 | |
| | | | | | | |
Stockholders' Equity | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock (authorized 50,000; NaN issued) | | $ | — | | $ | — | |
Common stock ($0.01 par value; authorized 200,000 shares; issued and outstanding 31,194 shares at September 30, 2021 and 30,678 shares at December 31, 2020) | |
| 312 | |
| 307 | |
Additional paid-in capital ("APIC") | |
| 271,562 | |
| 241,004 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") | | | 2,737 | | | 1,968 | |
Retained earnings | |
| 1,090,506 | |
| 952,943 | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | $ | 1,365,117 | | $ | 1,196,222 | |
Noncontrolling interests | |
| 18,819 | |
| — | |
Total equity | | $ | 1,383,936 | | $ | 1,196,222 | |
Commitments and contingencies (NOTES 2 and 9) | |
| — | |
| — | |
Total liabilities and equity | | $ | 5,116,862 | | $ | 4,650,975 | |
March 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||
Assets |
| ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 141,375 | $ | 305,635 | |||
Restricted cash |
| 41,584 |
| 42,812 | |||
Pledged securities, at fair value |
| 148,647 |
| 148,996 | |||
Loans held for sale, at fair value |
| 703,629 |
| 1,811,586 | |||
Loans held for investment, net |
| 216,620 |
| 269,125 | |||
Mortgage servicing rights |
| 976,554 |
| 953,845 | |||
Goodwill | 908,744 | 698,635 | |||||
Other intangible assets |
| 211,405 |
| 183,904 | |||
Derivative assets |
| 112,023 |
| 37,364 | |||
Receivables, net |
| 249,305 |
| 212,019 | |||
Committed investments in tax credit equity | 223,771 | 177,322 | |||||
Other assets |
| 405,974 |
| 364,746 | |||
Total assets | $ | 4,339,631 | $ | 5,205,989 | |||
Liabilities | |||||||
Warehouse notes payable | $ | 924,280 | $ | 1,941,572 | |||
Notes payable |
| 726,555 |
| 740,174 | |||
Allowance for risk-sharing obligations |
| 53,244 |
| 62,636 | |||
Derivative liabilities |
| 12,400 |
| 6,403 | |||
Commitments to fund investments in tax credit equity | 206,605 | 162,747 | |||||
Other liabilities | 779,376 | 714,250 | |||||
Total liabilities | $ | 2,702,460 | $ | 3,627,782 | |||
Stockholders' Equity | |||||||
Preferred stock (authorized 50,000 shares; NaN issued) | $ | $ | |||||
Common stock ($0.01 par value; authorized 200,000 shares; and 32,398 shares at March 31, 2022 and 32,049 shares at December 31, 2021) |
| 324 |
| 320 | |||
Additional paid-in capital ("APIC") |
| 387,009 |
| 393,022 | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") | 1,588 | 2,558 | |||||
Retained earnings |
| 1,205,384 |
| 1,154,252 | |||
Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,594,305 | $ | 1,550,152 | |||
Noncontrolling interests |
| 42,866 |
| 28,055 | |||
Total equity | $ | 1,637,171 | $ | 1,578,207 | |||
Commitments and contingencies (NOTES 2 and 9) |
|
| |||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 4,339,631 | $ | 5,205,989 |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
Walker && Dunlop, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||
| | For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended | | |||||||||||||||
| | September 30, | | September 30, | | |||||||||||||||
|
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| |||||||||||
For the three months ended | ||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||||||||||||||||
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | | $ | 123,242 | | $ | 83,825 | | $ | 306,593 | | $ | 238,105 | | $ | 82,310 | $ | 75,879 | |||
Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net | | | 89,482 | | | 78,065 | | | 209,266 | | | 236,434 | | 52,730 | 57,935 | |||||
Servicing fees | |
| 70,628 | |
| 60,265 | |
| 205,658 | |
| 172,561 | |
| 72,681 |
| 65,978 | |||
Property sales broker fees | | | 33,677 | | | 6,756 | | | 65,173 | | | 19,928 | | 23,398 | 9,042 | |||||
Net warehouse interest income | |
| 5,583 | |
| 7,558 | |
| 14,768 | |
| 22,454 | |
| 4,773 |
| 4,555 | |||
Escrow earnings and other interest income | |
| 2,032 | |
| 2,275 | |
| 5,972 | |
| 15,689 | |
| 1,803 |
| 2,117 | |||
Other revenues | |
| 21,646 | |
| 8,272 | |
| 44,559 | |
| 28,827 | |
| 81,749 |
| 8,782 | |||
Total revenues | | $ | 346,290 | | $ | 247,016 | | $ | 851,989 | | $ | 733,998 | | $ | 319,444 | $ | 224,288 | |||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||
Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||
Personnel | | $ | 170,181 | | $ | 114,548 | | $ | 407,817 | | $ | 310,993 | | $ | 144,181 | $ | 96,215 | |||
Amortization and depreciation | | | 53,498 | | | 41,919 | | | 148,879 | | | 123,998 | | 56,152 | 46,871 | |||||
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | |
| 1,266 | |
| 3,483 | |
| (14,380) | |
| 32,029 | |
| (9,498) |
| (11,320) | |||
Interest expense on corporate debt | |
| 1,766 | |
| 1,786 | |
| 5,291 | |
| 6,724 | |
| 6,405 |
| 1,765 | |||
Other operating expenses | |
| 24,836 | |
| 16,165 | |
| 62,171 | |
| 47,324 | |
| 32,214 |
| 17,587 | |||
Total expenses | | $ | 251,547 | | $ | 177,901 | | $ | 609,778 | | $ | 521,068 | | $ | 229,454 | $ | 151,118 | |||
Income from operations | | $ | 94,743 | | $ | 69,115 | | $ | 242,211 | | $ | 212,930 | | $ | 89,990 | $ | 73,170 | |||
Income tax expense | |
| 22,953 | |
| 15,925 | |
| 56,311 | |
| 50,076 | |
| 19,460 |
| 15,118 | |||
Net income before noncontrolling interests | | $ | 71,790 | | $ | 53,190 | | $ | 185,900 | | $ | 162,854 | | $ | 70,530 | $ | 58,052 | |||
Less: net income (loss) from noncontrolling interests | |
| 69 | |
| — | |
| 69 | |
| (224) | |
| (679) |
| — | |||
Walker & Dunlop net income | | $ | 71,721 | | $ | 53,190 | | $ | 185,831 | | $ | 163,078 | | |||||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | $ | 71,209 | $ | 58,052 | ||||||||||||||||
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on pledged available-for-sale securities, net of taxes | | | 159 | | | 1,219 | | | 769 | | | 731 | | (970) | (158) | |||||
Walker & Dunlop comprehensive income | | $ | 71,880 | | $ | 54,409 | | $ | 186,600 | | $ | 163,809 | | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||
Walker & Dunlop comprehensive income | $ | 70,239 | $ | 57,894 | ||||||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share (NOTE 10) | | $ | 2.23 | | $ | 1.69 | | $ | 5.80 | | $ | 5.21 | | $ | 2.14 | $ | 1.82 | |||
Diluted earnings per share (NOTE 10) | | $ | 2.21 | | $ | 1.66 | | $ | 5.73 | | $ | 5.11 | | $ | 2.12 | $ | 1.79 | |||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding | |
| 31,064 | |
| 30,560 | |
| 30,969 | |
| 30,379 | |
| 32,219 |
| 30,823 | |||
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding | |
| 31,459 | |
| 31,074 | | | 31,367 | |
| 30,995 | | 32,617 |
| 31,276 |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
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Walker && Dunlop, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
For the three months ended March 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | Retained | Noncontrolling | Total Stockholders' | ||||||||||||||||||
| Shares |
| Amount |
| APIC |
| AOCI |
| Earnings |
| Interests |
| Equity |
| |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 32,049 | $ | 320 | $ | 393,022 | $ | 2,558 | $ | 1,154,252 | $ | 28,055 | $ | 1,578,207 | ||||||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | — | — | — | — | 71,209 | — | 71,209 | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) from noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | (679) | (679) | ||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — | — | — | (970) | — | — | (970) | ||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation - equity classified | — | — | 10,812 | — | — | — | 10,812 | ||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity compensation plans | 544 | 5 | 15,526 | — | — | — | 15,531 | ||||||||||||||
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | (195) | (1) | (27,048) | — | — | — | (27,049) | ||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests added due to new consolidations | — | — | (5,303) | — | — | 15,490 | 10,187 | ||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid ($0.60 per common share) | — | — | — | — | (20,077) | — | (20,077) | ||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2022 | 32,398 | $ | 324 | $ | 387,009 | $ | 1,588 | $ | 1,205,384 | $ | 42,866 | $ | 1,637,171 | ||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
| | For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | Common Stock | | | | | | Retained | | Noncontrolling | | Total Stockholders' | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| Shares |
| Amount |
| APIC |
| AOCI |
| Earnings |
| Interests |
| Equity |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the three months ended March 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | Retained | Total Stockholders' | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares |
| Amount |
| APIC |
| AOCI |
| Earnings |
| Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2020 | | 30,678 | | $ | 307 | | $ | 241,004 | | $ | 1,968 | | $ | 952,943 | | $ | — | | $ | 1,196,222 | | 30,678 | $ | 307 | $ | 241,004 | $ | 1,968 | $ | 952,943 | $ | 1,196,222 | |||||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | | — | | | — | | — | | — | | 58,052 | | | — | | | 58,052 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | — | — | — | — | 58,052 | 58,052 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | | — | | | — | | — | | (158) | | ��� | — | | | — | | | (158) | | — | — | — | (158) | — | (158) | ||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation - equity classified | | — | | | — | | 7,836 | | — | | — | | | — | | | 7,836 | | — | — | 7,836 | — | — | 7,836 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity compensation plans | | 430 | | | 4 | | 12,602 | | — | | — | | | — | | | 12,606 | | 430 | 4 | 12,602 | — | — | 12,606 | |||||||||||||||
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | | (131) | | | (1) | | (13,373) | | — | | — | | | — | | | (13,374) | | (131) | (1) | (13,373) | — | — | (13,374) | |||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid ($0.50 per common share) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (16,052) | | | — | | | (16,052) | | — | — | — | — | (16,052) | (16,052) | ||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2021 | | 30,977 | | $ | 310 | | $ | 248,069 | | $ | 1,810 | | $ | 994,943 | | $ | — | | $ | 1,245,132 | | 30,977 | $ | 310 | $ | 248,069 | $ | 1,810 | $ | 994,943 | $ | 1,245,132 | |||||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | | — | | | — | | — | | — | | 56,058 | | | — | | | 56,058 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | | — | | | — | | — | | 768 | | — | | | — | | | 768 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation - equity classified | | — | | | — | | 7,892 | | — | | — | | | — | | | 7,892 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity compensation plans | | 64 | | | 1 | | 530 | | — | | — | | | — | | | 531 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | | (7) | | | (1) | | (815) | | — | | — | | | — | | | (816) | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid ($0.50 per common share) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (16,070) | | | — | | | (16,070) | | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2021 | | 31,034 | | $ | 310 | | $ | 255,676 | | $ | 2,578 | | $ | 1,034,931 | | $ | — | | $ | 1,293,495 | | ||||||||||||||||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | | — | | | — | | — | | — | | 71,721 | | | — | | | 71,721 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) from noncontrolling interests | | — | | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | 69 | | | 69 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | | — | | | — | | — | | 159 | | — | | | — | | | 159 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation - equity classified | | — | | | — | | 10,426 | | — | | — | | | — | | | 10,426 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity compensation plans | | 124 | | | 2 | | 1,706 | | — | | — | | | — | | | 1,708 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisitions | | 50 | | | 1 | | 5,249 | | | | | | | | | | 5,250 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | | (14) | | | (1) | | (1,495) | | — | | — | | | — | | | (1,496) | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests from acquisitions | | — | | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | 18,750 | | | 18,750 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid ($0.50 per common share) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (16,146) | | | — | | | (16,146) | | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2021 | | 31,194 | | $ | 312 | | $ | 271,562 | | $ | 2,737 | | $ | 1,090,506 | | $ | 18,819 | | $ | 1,383,936 | | ||||||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
Walker && Dunlop, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in EquityCash Flows
(In thousands, except per share data)thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 | | ||||||||||||||||||
| | | | Stockholders' Equity | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
| | Common Stock | | | | | | Retained | | Noncontrolling | | Total | | ||||||||
|
| Shares |
| Amount |
| APIC |
| AOCI |
| Earnings |
| Interests |
| Equity | | ||||||
Balance at December 31, 2019 | | 30,035 | | $ | 300 | | $ | 237,877 | | $ | 737 | | $ | 796,775 | | $ | 6,596 | | $ | 1,042,285 | |
Cumulative-effect adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-13, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (23,678) | | | — | | | (23,678) | |
Walker & Dunlop net income | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 47,829 | | | — | | | 47,829 | |
Net loss from noncontrolling interests | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (224) | | | (224) | |
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 675 | | | 675 | |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,918) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,918) | |
Stock-based compensation - equity classified | | — | | | — | | | 5,061 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5,061 | |
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity compensation plans | | 675 | | | 7 | | | 11,362 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 11,369 | |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | | (380) | | | (4) | | | (18,293) | | | — | | | (8,440) | | | — | | | (26,737) | |
Cash dividends paid ($0.36 per common share) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (11,347) | | | — | | | (11,347) | |
Balance at March 31, 2020 | | 30,330 | | $ | 303 | | $ | 236,007 | | $ | (1,181) | | $ | 801,139 | | $ | 7,047 | | $ | 1,043,315 | |
Walker & Dunlop net income | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 62,059 | | | — | | | 62,059 | |
Purchase of noncontrolling interests | | — | | | — | | | (3,295) | | | — | | | — | | | (7,047) | | | (10,342) | |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,430 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,430 | |
Stock-based compensation - equity classified | | — | | | — | | | 5,592 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5,592 | |
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity compensation plans | | 50 | | | 1 | | | 195 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 196 | |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | | (11) | | | — | | | (405) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (405) | |
Cash dividends paid ($0.36 per common share) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (11,294) | | | — | | | (11,294) | |
Balance at June 30, 2020 | | 30,369 | | $ | 304 | | $ | 238,094 | | $ | 249 | | $ | 851,904 | | $ | — | | $ | 1,090,551 | |
Walker & Dunlop net income | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 53,190 | | | — | | | 53,190 | |
Purchase of noncontrolling interests | | — | | | — | | | (21,635) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (21,635) | |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,219 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,219 | |
Stock-based compensation - equity classified | | — | | | — | | | 6,598 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 6,598 | |
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity compensation plans and purchase of noncontrolling interests | | 574 | | | 5 | | | 11,923 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 11,928 | |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | | (324) | | | (3) | | | (4,678) | | | — | | | (10,702) | | | — | | | (15,383) | |
Cash dividends paid ($0.36 per common share) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (11,343) | | | — | | | (11,343) | |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | | 30,619 | | $ | 306 | | $ | 230,302 | | $ | 1,468 | | $ | 883,049 | | $ | — | | $ | 1,115,125 | |
For the three months ended March 31, |
| ||||||
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| |||
Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||
Net income before noncontrolling interests | $ | 70,530 | $ | 58,052 | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | |||||||
Gains attributable to the fair value of future servicing rights, net of guaranty obligation |
| (52,730) |
| (57,935) | |||
Change in the fair value of premiums and origination fees |
| 2,883 |
| 21,562 | |||
Amortization and depreciation |
| 56,152 |
| 46,871 | |||
Provision (benefit) for credit losses |
| (9,498) |
| (11,320) | |||
Gain from revaluation of previously held equity-method investment | (39,641) | — | |||||
Originations of loans held for sale | (3,185,019) | (3,577,153) | |||||
Proceeds from transfers of loans held for sale | 4,198,206 | 4,917,187 | |||||
Other operating activities, net | (68,955) | (81,572) | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 971,928 | $ | 1,315,692 | |||
Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||
Capital expenditures | $ | (11,790) | $ | (1,794) | |||
Purchases of equity-method investments | (5,941) | (1,124) | |||||
Purchases of pledged available-for-sale ("AFS") securities | (7,010) | (2,000) | |||||
Proceeds from prepayment and sale of pledged AFS securities | 1,672 | 20,884 | |||||
Investments in joint ventures | (5,040) | (18,445) | |||||
Distributions from joint ventures | 9,241 | 11,419 | |||||
Acquisitions, net of cash received | (78,465) | (7,506) | |||||
Originations of loans held for investment |
| (107) |
| (33,750) | |||
Principal collected on loans held for investment |
| 53,000 |
| 113,495 | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | $ | (44,440) | $ | 81,179 | |||
Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||
Borrowings (repayments) of warehouse notes payable, net | $ | (1,006,545) | $ | (1,400,704) | |||
Borrowings of interim warehouse notes payable |
| — |
| 25,313 | |||
Repayments of interim warehouse notes payable |
| (11,200) |
| (29,534) | |||
Repayments of notes payable |
| (13,759) |
| (745) | |||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |
| 153 |
| 12,606 | |||
Repurchase of common stock |
| (27,049) |
| (13,374) | |||
Cash dividends paid | (20,077) | (16,052) | |||||
Payment of contingent consideration | (17,612) | — | |||||
Debt issuance costs |
| (567) |
| (769) | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | (1,096,656) | $ | (1,423,259) | |||
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents (NOTE 2) | $ | (169,168) | $ | (26,388) | |||
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period |
| 393,180 |
| 358,002 | |||
Total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 224,012 | $ | 331,614 | |||
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | |||||||
Cash paid to third parties for interest | $ | 13,037 | $ | 9,621 | |||
Cash paid for income taxes | 1,290 | — |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
Walker & Dunlop, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | |
| | For the nine months ended September 30, |
| ||||
|
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||
Cash flows from operating activities | | | | | | | |
Net income before noncontrolling interests | | $ | 185,900 | | $ | 162,854 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | | | |
Gains attributable to the fair value of future servicing rights, net of guaranty obligation | |
| (209,266) | |
| (236,434) | |
Change in the fair value of premiums and origination fees | |
| 6,909 | |
| (24,393) | |
Amortization and depreciation | |
| 148,879 | |
| 123,998 | |
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | |
| (14,380) | |
| 32,029 | |
Originations of loans held for sale | | | (12,761,432) | | | (15,923,846) | |
Proceeds from transfers of loans held for sale | | | 12,459,511 | | | 13,517,432 | |
Other operating activities, net | | | (13,100) | | | 51,492 | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | $ | (196,979) | | $ | (2,296,868) | |
| | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities | | | | | | | |
Capital expenditures | | $ | (5,507) | | $ | (2,050) | |
Purchases of equity-method investments | | | (8,029) | | | (974) | |
Purchases of pledged available-for-sale ("AFS") securities | | | (7,250) | | | (14,130) | |
Proceeds from prepayment and sale of pledged AFS securities | | | 28,781 | | | 15,531 | |
Investments in joint ventures | | | (58,065) | | | (16,215) | |
Distributions from joint ventures | | | 34,012 | | | 12,677 | |
Acquisitions, net of cash received | | | (62,208) | | | (46,784) | |
Originations of loans held for investment | |
| (269,737) | |
| (36,950) | |
Principal collected on loans held for investment | |
| 397,328 | |
| 236,519 | |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | $ | 49,325 | | $ | 147,624 | |
| | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities | | | | | | | |
Borrowings (repayments) of warehouse notes payable, net | | $ | 333,887 | | $ | 2,497,627 | |
Borrowings of interim warehouse notes payable | |
| 154,661 | |
| 34,028 | |
Repayments of interim warehouse notes payable | |
| (157,277) | |
| (109,860) | |
Repayments of note payable | |
| (2,234) | |
| (2,234) | |
Repayment of secured borrowings | | | (73,312) | | | — | |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | |
| 5,256 | |
| 12,587 | |
Repurchase of common stock | |
| (15,686) | |
| (42,525) | |
Purchase of noncontrolling interests | | | — | | | (10,400) | |
Cash dividends paid | | | (48,268) | | | (33,984) | |
Payment of contingent consideration | | | — | | | (1,641) | |
Debt issuance costs | |
| (2,762) | |
| (2,340) | |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | $ | 194,265 | | $ | 2,341,258 | |
| | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents (NOTE 2) | | $ | 46,611 | | $ | 192,014 | |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period | |
| 358,002 | |
| 136,566 | |
Total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 404,613 | | $ | 328,580 | |
| | | | | | | |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | | | | | | | |
Cash paid to third parties for interest | | $ | 24,906 | | $ | 33,116 | |
Cash paid for income taxes | | | 38,728 | | | 21,437 | |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
NOTE 1—1—ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
These financial statements represent the condensed consolidated financial position and results of operations of Walker && Dunlop, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Walker & Dunlop”“we,” “us,” “our,” “Walker & Dunlop” and the “Company”“Company” mean the Walker && Dunlop consolidated companies. The statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”(“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they may not include certain financial statement disclosures and other information required for annual financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’sCompany’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (“20202021 (“2021 Form 10-K”10-K”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the Company in the interim periods presented have been included. Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 20212022 or thereafter.
Walker && Dunlop, Inc. is a holding company and conducts the majority of its operations through Walker && Dunlop, LLC, the operating company. Walker && Dunlop is one of the leading commercial real estate services and finance companies in the United States. The Company originates, sells, and services a range of commercial real estate debt and equity financing products, provides multifamily property sales brokerage and valuation services, engages in commercial real estate investment management activities with a particular focus on the affordable housing sector through low-income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) syndication, provides housing market research, and delivers real estate-related investment banking and advisory services.
Through its agency lending products, the Company originates and sells loans pursuant to the programs of the Federal National Mortgage Association (“(“Fannie Mae”Mae”), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“(“Freddie Mac”Mac” and, together with Fannie Mae, the “GSEs”“GSEs”), the Government National Mortgage Association (“(“Ginnie Mae”Mae”), and the Federal Housing Administration, a division of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (together with Ginnie Mae, “HUD”“HUD”). Through its debt brokerage products, the Company brokers, and in some cases services, loans for various life insurance companies, commercial banks, commercial mortgage-backed securities issuers, and other institutional investors, in which cases the Company does not fund the loan.investors.
The Company also provides a variety of commercial real estate debt and equity solutions through its principal lending and investing products, including interim loans, and preferred and joint venture equity on commercial real estate properties.products. Interim loans on multifamily properties are offered (i) through the Company and recorded on the Company’sCompany’s balance sheet (the “Interim“Interim Loan Program”Program”) and (ii) through a joint venture with an affiliate of Blackstone Mortgage Trust, Inc., in which the Company holds a 15% ownership interest (the “Interim“Interim Program JV”JV”). Interim loans on all commercial real estate property types are also offered through separate accounts managed by the Company’s subsidiary, Walker & Dunlop Investment Partners, Inc. (“WDIP”). Preferred and joint venture equity products on commercial real estate properties are offered through funds managed by WDIP.
The Company brokers the sale of multifamily properties through its wholly owned subsidiary, Walker & Dunlop Investment Sales, LLC. In some cases, the Company also provides the debt financing for the property sale.
The Company has a joint venture, branded as “Apprise by Walker & Dunlop,” with an international technology services company to offer automated multifamily valuation and appraisal services (the “Appraisal JV”). The Appraisal JV leverages technology and data science to dramatically improve the consistency, transparency, and speed of multifamily appraisals in the U.S. through the licensing of the partner’s technology and leveraging of the Company’s expertise in the commercial real estate industry. The Company owns a 50% interest in the Appraisal JV and accounts for the interest as an equity-method investment. The operations of the Appraisal JV for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were immaterial.
During the third quarter of 2021, the Company acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Zelman Holdings, LLC (“Zelman”) through a 75% interest in a newly formed entity, which does business as Zelman & Associates. Zelman & Associates provides housing market research and real estate-related investment banking and advisory services.
NOTE 2——SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation——The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Walker && Dunlop, Inc., its wholly owned subsidiaries, and its majority owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The Company consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest based on either the variable interest entity (“VIE”(“VIE”) or the voting
8
interest model. The Company is required to first apply the VIE model to determine whether it holds a variable interest in an entity, and if so, whether the entity is a VIE. If the Company determines it holds a variable interest in a VIE and has a controlling financial interest and therefore is considered the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the entity. In instances where the Company holds a variable interest in a VIE but is not the primary beneficiary, the Company uses the equity-method of accounting.
If the Company determines it does not hold a variable interest in a VIE, it then applies the voting interest model. Under the voting interest model, the Company consolidates an entity when it holds a majority voting interest in an entity. If the Company does not have a majority voting interest but has significant influence, it uses the equity method of accounting. In instances where the Company owns less than 100% of the equity interests of an entity but owns a majority of the voting interests or has control over an entity, the Company accounts for the portion of equity not attributable to Walker && Dunlop, Inc. as Noncontrolling interests on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the portion of net income not attributable to Walker && Dunlop, Inc. as Net income (loss) from noncontrolling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Subsequent Events——The Company has evaluated the effects of all events that have occurred subsequent to September 30, 2021.March 31, 2022. The Company has made certain disclosures in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements of events that have occurred subsequent to September 30, 2021.March
7
31, 2022. There have been no other material subsequent events that would require recognition in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates——The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, including the allowance for risk-sharing obligations, capitalized mortgage servicing rights, asset management fee receivable related to LIHTC funds, derivative instruments, estimation of contingent consideration for business combinations, estimation of the fair value of the Apprise joint venture (as discussed in NOTE 7), and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may vary from these estimates.
Derivative Assets and Liabilities—Co-broker Fees—Loan commitments that meet the definition of a derivative are recorded at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets upon the executions of the commitments to originate a loan with a borrower and to sell the loan to an investor, with a corresponding amount recognized as revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The estimated fair value of loan commitments includes (i) the fair value of loan origination fees and premiums on the anticipated sale of the loan, net of co-broker fees (included in Derivative assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and as a component of Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income), (ii) the fair value of the expected net cash flows associated with the servicing of the loan, net of any estimated net future cash flows associated with the guaranty obligation (included in Derivative assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and in Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income), and (iii) the effects of interest rate movements between the trade date and balance sheet date. Loan commitments are generally derivative assets but can become derivative liabilities if the effects of the interest rate movement between the trade date and the balance sheet date are greater than the combination of (i) and (ii) above. Forward sale commitments that meet the definition of a derivative are recorded as either derivative assets or derivative liabilities depending on the effects of the interest rate movements between the trade date and the balance sheet date. Adjustments to the fair value are reflected as a component of income within Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Co-broker fees, which are netted against Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, were $6.3$5.9 million and $5.1$5.3 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively, and $15.2 million and $20.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Loans Held for Investment, net——Loans held for investment are multifamily loans originated by the Company through the Interim Loan Program for properties that currently do not qualify for permanent GSE or HUD (collectively, the “Agencies”“Agencies”) financing. These loans have terms of up to three years and are all adjustable-rate, interest-only, multifamily loans with similar risk characteristics and no geographic concentration. The loans are carried at their unpaid principal balances, adjusted for net unamortized loan fees and costs, and net of any allowance for loan losses.
As of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, Loans held for investment, net consisted of 910 loans with an aggregate $238.7$221.6 million of unpaid principal balance less $0.9 million of net unamortized deferred fees and costs and $4.1 million of allowance for loan losses. As of December 31, 2020,2021, Loans held for investment, net consisted of 1812 loans with an aggregate $366.3$274.5 million of unpaid principal balance less $1.1$1.2 million of net unamortized deferred fees and costs and $4.8$4.2 million of allowance for loan losses.
During the third quarter of 2018, the Company transferred a portfolio of participating interests in loans held for investment to a third party that was paid off in the second quarter of 2021. The Company accounted for the transfer as a secured borrowing, with the aggregate unpaid principal balance of the loans of $81.5 million presented as a component of Loans held for investment, net and the secured borrowing of $73.3 million presented within Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020.
9
The Company assesses the credit quality of loans held for investment in the same manner as it does for the loans in the Fannie Mae at-risk portfolio and records an allowance for these loans as necessary. The allowance for loan losses is estimated collectively for loans with similar characteristics. The collective allowance is based on the same methodology that the Company uses to estimate its allowance for risk-sharing obligations under the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”(“CECL”) standard for at-risk Fannie Mae Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”(“DUS”) loans (with the exception of a reversion period) because the nature of the underlying collateral is the same, and the loans have similar characteristics, except they are significantly shorter in maturity. The reasonable and supportable forecast period used for the CECL allowance for loans held for investment is one year.
The loss rate for the forecast period was 15 basis points and 36 basis points as of September 30, 2021both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020, respectively.2021. The loss rate for the remaining period until maturity was 6 basis points and 9 basis points as of both September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020.2021, respectively.
NaN loan held for investment with an unpaid principal balance of $14.7 million that was originated in 2017 was delinquent and on non-accrual status as of September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020.2021. The Company had a $3.7 million reservein collateral-based reserves for this loan based on its collateral fair value as of September 30, 2021both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 20202021 and has not recorded any interest related to this loan since it went on non-accrual status in 2019.status. All other loans were current as of September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020.2021. The amortized cost basis of loans that were current as of September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 20202021 was $223.1$206.0 million and $350.5$258.6 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, $195.7March 31, 2022, $178.6 million and $28.3 million of the loans that were current were originated in 2021 and 2019, respectively. NaN loans originated in 2020 were outstanding as of September 30, 2021. Prior to 2019,Other than the defaulted loan noted above, the Company hadhas not experienced any delinquencies related to loans held for investment.
Provision (Benefit) for Credit Losses——The Company records the income statement impact of the changes in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for risk-sharing obligations within Provision (benefit) for credit losses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. NOTE 4 contains additional discussion related to the allowance for risk-sharing obligations. Provision (benefit) for credit losses consisted of the following activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and 2020:2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended | | ||||||||
| | September 30, | | September 30, | | ||||||||
Components of Provision (Benefit) for Credit Losses (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||||
Provision (benefit) for loan losses | | $ | (12) | | $ | 2,179 | | $ | (674) | | $ | 3,107 | |
Provision (benefit) for risk-sharing obligations | |
| 1,278 | |
| 1,304 | |
| (13,706) | |
| 28,922 | |
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | | $ | 1,266 | | $ | 3,483 | | $ | (14,380) | | $ | 32,029 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
8
For the three months ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
Components of Provision (Benefit) for Credit Losses (in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||
Provision (benefit) for loan losses | $ | (106) | $ | (587) | |||
Provision (benefit) for risk-sharing obligations |
| (9,392) |
| (10,733) | |||
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | $ | (9,498) | $ | (11,320) | |||
Net Warehouse Interest Income—Income—The Company presents warehouse interest income net of warehouse interest expense. Warehouse interest income is the interest earned from loans held for sale and loans held for investment. Generally, a substantial portion of the Company’sCompany’s loans is financed with matched borrowings under one of its warehouse facilities. The remaining portion of loans not funded with matched borrowings is financed with the Company’sCompany’s own cash. The Company also occasionally fully funds a small number of loans held for sale or loans held for investment with its own cash. Warehouse interest expense is incurred on borrowings used to fund loans solely while they are held for sale or for investment. Warehouse interest income and expense are earned or incurred on loans held for sale after a loan is closed and before a loan is sold. Warehouse interest income and expense are earned or incurred on loans held for investment after a loan is closed and before a loan is repaid. The Company had a portfolio of participating interests in loans held for investment that was accounted for as a secured borrowing and paid off in the second quarter of 2021. The Company recognized Net warehouse interest income on the unpaid principal balance of the loans and secured borrowing for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Included in Net warehouse interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 are the following components:
For the three months ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
Components of Net Warehouse Interest Income (in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||
Warehouse interest income - loans held for sale | $ | 8,863 | $ | 9,118 | |||
Warehouse interest expense - loans held for sale |
| (5,333) |
| (6,659) | |||
Net warehouse interest income - loans held for sale | $ | 3,530 | $ | 2,459 | |||
Warehouse interest income - loans held for investment | $ | 2,350 | $ | 3,228 | |||
Warehouse interest expense - loans held for investment |
| (1,107) |
| (1,132) | |||
Warehouse interest income - secured borrowings | — | 865 | |||||
Warehouse interest expense - secured borrowings | — | (865) | |||||
Net warehouse interest income - loans held for investment | $ | 1,243 | $ | 2,096 | |||
Total net warehouse interest income | $ | 4,773 | $ | 4,555 | |||
Statement of Cash Flows—For presentation in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the Company considers pledged cash and cash equivalents (as detailed in NOTE 9) to be restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. The following table presents a reconciliation of the total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows to the related captions in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and 2021 and December 31, 2021 and 2020.
March 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 141,375 | $ | 277,277 | $ | 305,635 | $ | 321,097 | ||||
Restricted cash | 41,584 | 14,805 | 42,812 | 19,432 | ||||||||
Pledged cash and cash equivalents (NOTE 9) |
| 41,053 |
| 39,532 |
| 44,733 |
| 17,473 | ||||
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents | $ | 224,012 | $ | 331,614 | $ | 393,180 | $ | 358,002 |
Income Taxes—The Company records the realizable excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation as a reduction to income tax expense. The realizable excess tax benefits were $4.9 million and $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
9
Contracts with Customers—A majority of the Company’s revenues are derived from the following sources, all of which are excluded from the accounting provisions applicable to contracts with customers: (i) financial instruments, (ii) transfers and servicing, (iii) derivative transactions, and (iv) investments in debt securities/equity-method investments. The remaining portion of revenues is derived from contracts with customers. Substantially all of the Company’s contracts with customers do not require significant judgment or material estimates that affect the determination of the transaction price (including the assessment of variable consideration), the allocation of the transaction price to performance obligations, and the determination of the timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations. Additionally, the earnings process for substantially all of the Company’s contracts with customers is not complicated and is generally completed in a short period of time. The following table presents information about the Company’s contracts with customers for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
For the three months ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
Description (in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Statement of income line item | ||
Certain loan origination fees | $ | 37,365 | $ | 23,901 | Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | |||
Property sales broker fees | 23,398 | 9,042 | Property sales broker fees | |||||
Investment management fees, application fees, subscription revenues, other revenues from LIHTC operations, and other |
| 28,305 |
| 6,250 | Other revenues | |||
Total revenues derived from contracts with customers | $ | 89,068 | $ | 39,193 | ||||
Litigation—In the ordinary course of business, the Company may be party to various claims and litigation, none of which the Company believes is material. The Company cannot predict the outcome of any pending litigation and may be subject to consequences that could include fines, penalties, and other costs, and the Company’s reputation and business may be impacted. The Company believes that any liability that could be imposed on the Company in connection with the disposition of any pending lawsuits would not have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, liquidity, or financial condition.
Recently Adopted and Recently Announced Accounting Pronouncements—There have been no material changes to the accounting policies discussed in NOTE 2 of the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K. There are no recently announced but not yet effective accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a material impact to the Company as of March 31, 2022.
Reclassifications—TheCompany has made certain immaterial reclassifications to prior-year balances to conform to current-year presentation.
NOTE 3—MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
The fair value of the mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) was $1.3 billion as of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company uses a discounted static cash flow valuation approach, and the key economic assumption is the discount rate. For example, see the following sensitivities related to the discount rate:
The impact of a 100-basis point increase in the discount rate at March 31, 2022 would be a decrease in the fair value of $39.1 million to the MSRs outstanding as of March 31, 2022.
The impact of a 200-basis point increase in the discount rate at March 31, 2022 would be a decrease in the fair value of $75.6 million to the MSRs outstanding as of March 31, 2022.
These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. These estimates do not include interplay among assumptions and are estimated as a portfolio rather than individual assets.
10
Activity related to MSRs for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 follows:
For the three months ended |
| ||||||
March 31, |
| ||||||
Roll Forward of MSRs (in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||
Beginning balance | $ | 953,845 | $ | 862,813 | |||
Additions, following the sale of loan |
| 76,854 |
| 96,640 | |||
Amortization |
| (46,357) |
| (42,552) | |||
Pre-payments and write-offs |
| (7,788) |
| (7,017) | |||
Ending balance | $ | 976,554 | $ | 909,884 |
The following table summarizes the gross value, accumulated amortization, and net carrying value of the Company’s MSRs as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
Components of MSRs (in thousands) | March 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||
Gross value | $ | 1,598,350 | $ | 1,548,870 | ||
Accumulated amortization |
| (621,796) |
| (595,025) | ||
Net carrying value | $ | 976,554 | $ | 953,845 |
The expected amortization of MSRs shown in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2022 is shown in the table below. Actual amortization may vary from these estimates.
| Expected | ||
(in thousands) | Amortization | ||
Nine Months Ending December 31, | |||
2022 | $ | 135,495 | |
Year Ending December 31, | |||
2023 | $ | 171,194 | |
2024 |
| 152,155 | |
2025 |
| 129,694 | |
2026 |
| 109,489 | |
2027 |
| 92,535 | |
Thereafter | 185,992 | ||
Total | $ | 976,554 |
NOTE 4—GUARANTY OBLIGATION AND ALLOWANCE FOR RISK-SHARING OBLIGATIONS
When a loan is sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program, the Company typically agrees to guarantee a portion of the ultimate loss incurred on the loan should the borrower fail to perform. The compensation for this risk is a component of the servicing fee on the loan. The guaranty is in force while the loan is outstanding. The Company does not provide a guaranty for any other loan product it sells or brokers. The guaranty obligation is presented as a component of Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Activity related to the guaranty obligation for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 is presented in the following table:
For the three months ended |
| ||||||
March 31, |
| ||||||
Roll Forward of Guaranty Obligation (in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||
Beginning balance | $ | 47,378 | $ | 52,306 | |||
Additions, following the sale of loan |
| 1,551 |
| 1,721 | |||
Amortization and write-offs |
| (2,439) |
| (2,191) | |||
Ending balance | $ | 46,490 | $ | 51,836 |
11
Substantially all loans sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program contain partial or full risk-sharing guaranties that are based on the credit performance of the loan. The Company records an estimate of the loss reserve for CECL for all loans in its Fannie Mae at-risk servicing portfolio and presents this loss reserve as Allowance for risk-sharing obligations on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Activity related to the allowance for risk-sharing obligations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 follows:
For the three months ended |
| ||||||
March 31, |
| ||||||
Roll Forward of Allowance for Risk-Sharing Obligations (in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||
Beginning balance | $ | 62,636 | $ | 75,313 | |||
Provision (benefit) for risk-sharing obligations |
| (9,392) |
| (10,733) | |||
Write-offs |
| — |
| — | |||
Ending balance | $ | 53,244 | $ | 64,580 |
During the first quarter of 2022, the Company updated its historical loss rate factor calculation to the current
rolling period. The historical loss rate used for the calculation of the CECL reserve was 1.2 basis points as of March 31, 2022 compared to 1.8 basis points as of December 31, 2021, resulting in the benefit for risk-sharing obligations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 seen above. The loss rates for the forecast period and the reversion period did not change from December 31, 2021. During the first quarter of 2021, reported and forecasted unemployment rates significantly improved compared to December 31, 2020. In response to improving unemployment statistics and the expected continued overall health of the multifamily market, the Company reduced the loss rate for the forecast period to 4 basis points as of March 31, 2021 from 6 basis points as of December 31, 2020, resulting in the benefit for risk-sharing obligations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as seen above.The calculated CECL reserve for the Company’s $49.7 billion at-risk Fannie Mae servicing portfolio as of March 31, 2022 was $42.5 million compared to $52.3 million as of December 31, 2021. The weighted-average remaining life of the at-risk Fannie Mae servicing portfolio as of March 31, 2022 was 7.4 years compared to 7.5 years as of December 31, 2021.
NaN loans had aggregate collateral-based reserves of $10.8 million and $10.3 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
As of March 31, 2022 and 2021, the maximum quantifiable contingent liability associated with the Company’s guaranties for the at-risk loans serviced under the Fannie Mae DUS agreement was $10.2 billion and $9.3 billion, respectively. This maximum quantifiable contingent liability relates to the at-risk loans serviced for Fannie Mae at the specific point in time indicated. The maximum quantifiable contingent liability is not representative of the actual loss the Company would incur. The Company would be liable for this amount only if all of the loans it services for Fannie Mae, for which the Company retains some risk of loss, were to default and all of the collateral underlying these loans were determined to be without value at the time of settlement.
NOTE 5—SERVICING
The total unpaid principal balance of loans the Company was servicing for various institutional investors was $116.3 billion as of March 31, 2022 compared to $115.7 billion as of December 31, 2021.
As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, custodial escrow accounts relating to loans serviced by the Company totaled $2.5 billion and $3.7 billion, respectively. These amounts are not included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as such amounts are not Company assets; however, the Company is entitled to earn interest income on these escrow balances, presented as a component of Escrow earnings and other interest income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Certain cash deposits at other financial institutions exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. The Company places these deposits with financial institutions that meet the requirements of the Agencies and where it believes the risk of loss to be minimal.
12
NOTE 6—WAREHOUSE NOTES PAYABLE
As of March 31, 2022, to provide financing to borrowers under the Agencies’ programs, the Company has committed and uncommitted warehouse lines of credit in the amount of $3.8 billion with certain national banks and a $1.5 billion uncommitted facility with Fannie Mae (collectively, the “Agency Warehouse Facilities”). In support of these Agency Warehouse Facilities, the Company has pledged substantially all of its loans held for sale under the Company’s approved programs. The Company’s ability to originate mortgage loans for sale depends upon its ability to secure and maintain these types of short-term financings on acceptable terms.
Additionally, as of March 31, 2022, the Company has arranged for warehouse lines of credit in the amount of $0.5 billion with certain national banks to assist in funding loans held for investment under the Interim Loan Program (“Interim Warehouse Facilities”). The Company has pledged substantially all of its loans held for investment against these Interim Warehouse Facilities. The Company’s ability to originate loans held for investment depends upon its ability to secure and maintain these types of short-term financings on acceptable terms.
The maximum amount and outstanding borrowings under Warehouse notes payable at March 31, 2022 follow:
March 31, 2022 |
| ||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) |
| Committed |
| Uncommitted | Total Facility | Outstanding |
|
|
| ||||||
Facility(1) | Amount | Amount | Capacity | Balance | Interest rate(2) |
| |||||||||
Agency Warehouse Facility #1 | $ | 425,000 | $ | — | $ | 425,000 | $ | 49,860 |
| Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.30% | |||||
Agency Warehouse Facility #2 |
| 700,000 |
| 300,000 |
| 1,000,000 |
| 46,647 | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% | ||||||
Agency Warehouse Facility #3 |
| 600,000 |
| 265,000 |
| 865,000 |
| 274,690 |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% | |||||
Agency Warehouse Facility #4 | 350,000 | — | 350,000 | 128,298 | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% | ||||||||||
Agency Warehouse Facility #5 | — | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 135,453 | Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.45% | ||||||||||
Agency Warehouse Facility #6 | 150,000 | 50,000 | 200,000 | 24,800 | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% | ||||||||||
Total National Bank Agency Warehouse Facilities | $ | 2,225,000 | $ | 1,615,000 | $ | 3,840,000 | $ | 659,748 | |||||||
Fannie Mae repurchase agreement, uncommitted line and open maturity |
| — |
| 1,500,000 |
| 1,500,000 |
| 91,330 |
| ||||||
Total Agency Warehouse Facilities | $ | 2,225,000 | $ | 3,115,000 | $ | 5,340,000 | $ | 751,078 | |||||||
Interim Warehouse Facility #1 | $ | 135,000 | $ | — | $ | 135,000 | $ | — |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.90% | |||||
Interim Warehouse Facility #2 |
| 100,000 |
| — |
| 100,000 |
| — |
| Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.35% to 1.85% | |||||
Interim Warehouse Facility #3 |
| 200,000 |
| — |
| 200,000 |
| 141,809 |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.75% to 3.25% | |||||
Interim Warehouse Facility #4 | 19,810 | — | 19,810 | 19,810 | 30-day LIBOR plus 3.00% | ||||||||||
Total National Bank Interim Warehouse Facilities | $ | 454,810 | $ | — | $ | 454,810 | $ | 161,619 | |||||||
Alliant Warehouse Facility | $ | 30,000 | $ | — | $ | 30,000 | $ | 12,005 | Daily LIBOR plus 3.00% | ||||||
Debt issuance costs |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (422) | |||||||
Total warehouse facilities | $ | 2,709,810 | $ | 3,115,000 | $ | 5,824,810 | $ | 924,280 |
(1) | Agency Warehouse Facilities, including the Fannie Mae repurchase agreement are used to fund loans held for sale, while Interim Warehouse Facilities are used to fund loans held for investment. |
(2) | Interest rate presented does not include the effect of any applicable interest rate floors. |
During 2022, the following amendments to the Warehouse Facilities were executed in the normal course of business to support the growth of the Company’s business.
During the second quarter of 2022, the Company executed an amended and restated agreement related to Agency Warehouse Facility #2 that extended the maturity date to April 13, 2023 and transitioned the interest rate from 30-day LIBOR to Adjusted Term SOFR plus 130 basis points. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2022.
During the first quarter of 2022, the Company executed an amended and restated agreement related to Interim Warehouse Facility #2 that extended the maturity date to December 13, 2023 and transitioned the interest rate from 30-day LIBOR floor to Adjusted Term SOFR plus 135 to 185 basis points. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2022.
13
During the second quarter of 2022, the Company executed an amendment related to the Alliant Warehouse Facility that extended the maturity date to July 31, 2022. Additionally, the amendment transitioned the interest rate from Daily LIBOR plus 300 basis points to Adjusted Daily SOFR plus 300 basis points, with a SOFR floor of 150 basis points. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2022.
During the first quarter of 2022, an Agency Warehouse Facility with a $150.0 million maximum committed borrowing capacity expired according to its terms. The Company believes that the 6 remaining committed and uncommitted credit facilities from nation banks, the uncommitted credit facility from Fannie Mae, and the Company’s corporate cash provide the Company with sufficient borrowing capacity to conduct is Agency lending operations without this facility.
The warehouse notes payable are subject to various financial covenants, all of which the Company was in compliance with as of March 31, 2022. Interest on the Company’s warehouse notes payable is based on 30-day LIBOR or Adjusted Term SOFR. As a result of the expected transition from LIBOR, the Company has updated its debt agreements to include fallback language to govern the transition from 30-day LIBOR to an alternative reference rate.
NOTE 7—GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill and Acquisition Activities
A summary of the Company’s goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 follows:
For the three months ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
Roll Forward of Goodwill (in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||
Beginning balance | $ | 698,635 | $ | 248,958 | |||
Additions from acquisitions |
| 213,874 |
| 12,231 | |||
Measurement-period adjustments | (3,765) | — | |||||
Impairment |
| — |
| — | |||
Ending balance | $ | 908,744 | $ | 261,189 | |||
The addition to goodwill from acquisitions during 2022 shown in the table above during the three months ended March 31, 2022 relates to the Company’s February 28, 2022 acquisition of 100% of the equity interests of GeoPhy B.V. (“GeoPhy”), a Netherlands-based commercial real-estate technology company. As part of the acquisition, the Company also obtained GeoPhy’s 50% interest in the Company’s appraisal joint venture, Apprise. The Company now owns 100% of Apprise and consolidates its balances and its operating results post acquisition. Prior to the acquisition, the Company accounted for its investment in Apprise under the equity method. The fair value of the consideration was $212.0 million and consisted of $87.6 million of cash, $5.4 million of forgiveness of a receivable the Company had with the joint venture (non-cash activity not reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows), and $119.0 million of contingent consideration.
GeoPhy’s data analytics and development capabilities are expected to dramatically accelerate the growth of the Company’s lending, brokerage, and appraisal operations. The GeoPhy acquisition is also expected to allow the Company to meet its goal of $5 billion of annual small balance lending volume and appraisal revenue of $75 million by 2025 as part of the Company’s overall growth targets. A significant portion of the value associated with the GeoPhy acquisition was related to the assembled workforces with their combined expertise in information technology, data science, and commercial real estate. The Company believes that the combination of GeoPhy’s personnel, appraisal technology platform, and the future development of technology to accelerate growth in the origination of small balance commercial loans, along with Walker & Dunlop’s financial resources will (i) drive a significant increase in the identification and retention of borrowers in the small-balance segment of the multifamily market and (ii) continue to drive significant growth in appraisal revenues over the next five years.
The contingent consideration noted above is contingent on achieving certain Apprise revenue and productivity milestones and small balance loan volume and revenue milestones over a four-year period. The maximum earnout included as part of the GeoPhy acquisition is $205.0 million. The Company estimated that $182.5 million, or 89%, of the maximum earnout is achievable based on management forecasts. The discounted balance of $119.0 million is 58% of the maximum earnout amount. The Company estimated the fair value of this contingent consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation. The discount rate used for the valuation of the contingent consideration was 17.0% for the
14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended | | ||||||||
| | September 30, | | September 30, | | ||||||||
Components of Net Warehouse Interest Income (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||||
Warehouse interest income - loans held for sale | | $ | 11,334 | | $ | 12,649 | | $ | 28,315 | | $ | 37,150 | |
Warehouse interest expense - loans held for sale | |
| (7,611) | |
| (7,780) | |
| (19,249) | |
| (24,475) | |
Net warehouse interest income - loans held for sale | | $ | 3,723 | | $ | 4,869 | | $ | 9,066 | | $ | 12,675 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Warehouse interest income - loans held for investment | | $ | 3,108 | | $ | 4,015 | | $ | 9,298 | | $ | 15,083 | |
Warehouse interest expense - loans held for investment | |
| (1,248) | |
| (1,326) | |
| (3,596) | |
| (5,304) | |
Warehouse interest income - secured borrowings | | | — | | | 869 | | | 1,748 | | | 2,564 | |
Warehouse interest expense - secured borrowings | | | — | | | (869) | | | (1,748) | | | (2,564) | |
Net warehouse interest income - loans held for investment | | $ | 1,860 | | $ | 2,689 | | $ | 5,702 | | $ | 9,779 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total net warehouse interest income | | $ | 5,583 | | $ | 7,558 | | $ | 14,768 | | $ | 22,454 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Apprise portion of the earnout and 14.5% for the small-balance portion of the earnout. The discount rates reflect the additional risk inherent in the Apprise estimates as it is still in the startup stage of its development.
Statement
The calculation of Cash Flowsgoodwill of $213.9 million included the fair value of the consideration transferred of $212.0 million and the acquisition-date fair value of the Company’s previously-held equity-method investment in Apprise of $58.5 million. The book value of the Company equity-method investment in Apprise prior to the acquisition date was $18.9 million, resulting in a $39.6 million gain from remeasuring to fair value. The gain is included as a component of Other revenues—For presentation in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows,Income. The Company used a discounted cash flow model to estimate the Company considers pledged cashacquisition-date fair value of Apprise, with the discount rate and management’s forecast of future revenues and cash equivalents (as detailedflows as the most-significant inputs for the estimate. The discount rate used was 17.0%, and a control premium was not included in NOTE 9)the estimate.
The Company expects a large portion of the goodwill to be restrictedtax deductible, with the tax-deductible amount of goodwill related to the contingent consideration to be determined once the cash payments to settle the contingent consideration are made. The goodwill resulting from the GeoPhy acquisition was allocated to the Company’s Capital Markets reportable segment. The other assets primarily consisted of technology intangible assets of $31.0 million and restricted cash equivalents.deferred tax assets of $9.4 million. The following table presentstechnology intangible assets will be amortized over a reconciliation period. Immaterial liabilities were assumed. The operations of GeoPhy have since been merged into the total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash,Company’s existing operations. The financial results since the GeoPhy acquisition were immaterial. The revenues and restricted cash equivalentsearnings of Walker & Dunlop for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as if the GeoPhy acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2021 would not be materially different from the amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsIncome.
As of March 31, 2022, the amounts recorded for the GeoPhy acquisition were provisional as the Company had not completed the purchase accounting for the GeoPhy acquisition.
The immaterial measurement-period adjustments above relate to the related captionsCompany’s acquisition of Alliant Capital Limited (“Alliant”), an acquisition completed in December of 2021 as more fully described in the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsCompany’s 2021 Form 10-K. The Company has not completed the purchase accounting for the Alliant acquisition as the working capital adjustments have not been agreed upon. The Company expects the accounting to be completed in the second quarter of 2022.
As discussed in NOTE 11 below, the Company transitioned to segment reporting during the first quarter of 2022. The following table shows goodwill by reportable segments as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 andMarch 31, 2022. As the Company did not have segment reporting as of December 31, 20202021, all of the goodwill balances were allocated to the Company’s 1 reportable segment as of December 31, 2021. As noted above, the additions in the first quarter of 2022 were allocated to Capital Markets and 2019.the measurement-period adjustments relate to Servicing & Asset Management.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| September 30, | | December 31, | | ||||||||
(in thousands) | 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 318,188 | | $ | 294,873 | | $ | 321,097 | | $ | 120,685 | |
Restricted cash | | 34,875 | | | 12,383 | | | 19,432 | | | 8,677 | |
Pledged cash and cash equivalents (NOTE 9) |
| 51,550 | |
| 21,324 | |
| 17,473 | |
| 7,204 | |
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents | $ | 404,613 | | $ | 328,580 | | $ | 358,002 | | $ | 136,566 | |
As of March 31, | |||
Goodwill by Reportable Segment (in thousands) | 2022 | ||
Capital Markets | $ | 449,992 | |
Servicing & Asset Management | 458,752 | ||
Corporate | — | ||
Ending balance | $ | 908,744 |
Income Taxes—The Company records the realizable excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation as a reductionOther Intangible Assets
Activity related to income tax expense. The realizable excess tax benefits were $2.1 million and $3.0 millionother intangible assets for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $7.3 million and $6.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.follows:
For the three months ended | ||||||
March 31, | ||||||
Roll Forward of Other Intangible Assets (in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 | ||
Beginning balance | $ | 183,904 | $ | 1,880 | ||
Additions from acquisitions | 31,000 | 504 | ||||
Amortization | (3,499) | (667) | ||||
Ending balance | $ | 211,405 | $ | 1,717 |
Contracts with Customers—A majority of the Company’s revenues are derived from the following sources, all of which are excluded from the accounting provisions applicable to contracts with customers: (i) financial instruments, (ii) transfers and servicing, (iii) derivative transactions, and (iv) investments in debt securities/equity-method investments. The remaining portion of revenues is derived from contracts with customers. The Company’s contracts with customers do not require significant judgment or material estimates that affect the determination of the transaction price (including the assessment of variable consideration), the allocation of the transaction price to performance obligations, and the determination of the timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations. Additionally, the earnings process for the Company’s contracts with customers is not complicated and is generally completed in a short period of time. The following table presents information about the Company’s contracts with customers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
1115
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended | | | ||||||||
| | September 30, | | September 30, | | | ||||||||
Description (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| Statement of income line item | ||||
Certain loan origination fees | | $ | 46,527 | | $ | 10,731 | | $ | 113,650 | | $ | 40,769 | | Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net |
Property sales broker fees | | | 33,677 | | | 6,756 | | | 65,173 | | | 19,928 | | Property sales broker fees |
Investment management fees, application fees, subscription revenues, and other | |
| 10,936 | |
| 4,532 | |
| 25,114 | |
| 14,632 | | Other revenues |
Total revenues derived from contracts with customers | | $ | 91,140 | | $ | 22,019 | | $ | 203,937 | | $ | 75,329 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Litigation—In the ordinary course of business, the Company may be party to various claims and litigation, none of which the Company believes is material. The Company cannot predict the outcome of any pending litigation and may be subject to consequences that could include fines, penalties, and other costs, and the Company’s reputation and business may be impacted. The Company believes that any liability that could be imposed on the Company in connection with the disposition of any pending lawsuits would not have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, liquidity, or financial condition.
Recently Adopted and Recently Announced Accounting Pronouncements—There have been no material changes to the accounting policies discussed in NOTE 2 of the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K. There are no recently announced but not yet effective accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a material impact to the Company as of September 30, 2021.
Reclassifications—TheCompany has made certain immaterial reclassifications to prior-year balances to conform to current-year presentations.
NOTE 3—MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
The fair value of the mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively. The Company uses a discounted static cash flow valuation approach, and the key economic assumption is the discount rate. For example, see the following sensitivities:
The impact of a 100-basis point increase in the discount rate at September 30, 2021 would be a decrease in the fair value of $37.2 million to the MSRs outstanding as of September 30, 2021.
The impact of a 200-basis point increase in the discount rate at September 30, 2021 would be a decrease in the fair value of $72.0 million to the MSRs outstanding as September 30, 2021.
These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. These estimates do not include interplay among assumptions and are estimated as a portfolio rather than individual assets.
Activity related to MSRs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended |
| ||||||||
| | September 30, | | September 30, |
| ||||||||
Roll Forward of MSRs (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||||
Beginning balance | | $ | 915,519 | | $ | 778,269 | | $ | 862,813 | | $ | 718,799 | |
Additions, following the sale of loan | |
| 70,095 | |
| 71,485 | |
| 224,035 | |
| 215,288 | |
Amortization | |
| (44,402) | |
| (38,319) | |
| (130,868) | |
| (110,243) | |
12
Pre-payments and write-offs | |
| (11,387) | |
| (5,780) | |
| (26,155) | |
| (18,189) | |
Ending balance | | $ | 929,825 | | $ | 805,655 | | $ | 929,825 | | $ | 805,655 | |
The following table summarizes the gross value, accumulated amortization, and net carrying value of the Company’s MSRsCompany’s other intangible assets as of September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020:2021:
| | | | | | | ||||||
Components of MSRs (in thousands) | | September 30, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||
As of March 31, | ||||||||||||
Components of Other Intangible Assets (in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
Gross value | | $ | 1,521,190 | | $ | 1,394,901 | $ | 220,682 | $ | 189,682 | ||
Accumulated amortization | |
| (591,365) | |
| (532,088) |
| (9,277) |
| (5,778) | ||
Net carrying value | | $ | 929,825 | | $ | 862,813 | $ | 211,405 | $ | 183,904 |
The expected amortization of MSRs heldother intangible assets shown in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 is shown in the table below. Actual amortization may vary from these estimates.
| | | |
|
| Expected | |
(in thousands) | | Amortization | |
Three Months Ending December 31, | | | |
2021 | | $ | 43,927 |
Year Ending December 31, | | | |
2022 | | $ | 167,770 |
2023 | |
| 155,112 |
2024 | |
| 134,111 |
2025 | |
| 113,562 |
2026 | |
| 93,833 |
Thereafter | | | 221,510 |
Total | | $ | 929,825 |
| Expected | ||
(in thousands) | Amortization | ||
Nine Months Ending December 31, | |||
2022 | $ | 13,496 | |
Year Ending December 31, | |||
2023 | $ | 16,246 | |
2024 |
| 16,246 | |
2025 |
| 16,206 | |
2026 |
| 16,206 | |
2027 |
| 16,206 | |
Thereafter | 116,799 | ||
Total | $ | 211,405 |
NOTE 4—GUARANTY OBLIGATION AND ALLOWANCE FOR RISK-SHARING OBLIGATIONS
When a loan is sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program, the Company typically agrees to guarantee a portion of the ultimate loss incurred on the loan should the borrower fail to perform. The compensation for this risk is a component of the servicing fee on the loan. The guaranty is in force while the loan is outstanding. The Company does not provide a guaranty for any other loan product it sells or brokers. Activity related to the guaranty obligation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 is presented in the following table:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended |
| ||||||||
| | September 30, | | September 30, |
| ||||||||
Roll Forward of Guaranty Obligation (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||||
Beginning balance | | $ | 50,369 | | $ | 54,872 | | $ | 52,306 | | $ | 54,695 | |
Additions, following the sale of loan | |
| 1,449 | |
| 876 | |
| 4,023 | |
| 4,346 | |
Amortization | |
| (2,758) | |
| (2,274) | |
| (7,269) | |
| (7,035) | |
Other | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,468 | |
Ending balance | | $ | 49,060 | | $ | 53,474 | | $ | 49,060 | | $ | 53,474 | |
Substantially all loans sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program contain partial or full risk-sharing guaranties that are based on the credit performance of the loan. The Company records an estimate of the loss reserve for CECL for all loans in its Fannie Mae at-risk servicing portfolio and presents this loss reserve as Allowance for risk-sharing obligations on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company utilizes the weighted-average remaining maturity (“WARM”) method to calculate the CECL reserve and one year for the reasonable and supportable forecast period (the “forecast period”), as the Company currently believes forecasts beyond one year are inherently less reliable. The WARM method uses an average annual charge-off rate that contains loss content over multiple vintages and loan terms and is used as a foundation for estimating the CECL reserve. The Company reverts to a historical loss rate over a one-year period. For all remaining years until
13
maturity, the Company uses the historical weighted-average annual charge-off rate to estimate losses. The average annual charge-off rate is applied to the unpaid principal balance over the contractual term, further adjusted for estimated prepayments and amortization to arrive at the CECL reserve for the entire current portfolio.
Activity related to the allowance for risk-sharing obligations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended |
| ||||||||
| | September 30, | | September 30, |
| ||||||||
Roll Forward of Allowance for Risk-Sharing Obligations (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||||
Beginning balance | | $ | 60,329 | | $ | 69,191 | | $ | 75,313 | | $ | 11,471 | |
Adjustment related to adoption of CECL | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 31,570 | |
Provision (benefit) for risk-sharing obligations | |
| 1,278 | |
| 1,304 | |
| (13,706) | |
| 28,922 | |
Write-offs | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
Other | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,468) | |
Ending balance | | $ | 61,607 | | $ | 70,495 | | $ | 61,607 | | $ | 70,495 | |
Contingent Consideration Liabilities
As a result of the onset of the pandemic and the resulting forecasts for significant unemployment rates during 2020, the Company’s loss rate for the forecast period was 7 basis points as of September 30, 2020, resulting in the substantial provision for risk-sharing obligations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and an increase in the allowance for risk-sharing obligations as of September 30, 2020 as seen above. During the first three quarters of 2021, economic conditions have improved significantly compared to the same period in 2020, with reported and forecast unemployment rates significantly better compared to both December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020. In response to improving unemployment statistics and the current and expected overall health of the multifamily market, the Company adjusted the loss rate for the forecast period from 6 basis points as of December 31, 2020 to 3 basis points as of both June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021. The decrease in the loss rate resulted in the benefit for risk-sharing obligations seen above for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The provision for risk-sharing obligations for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was a result of growth in the at-risk servicing portfolio. For the remaining expected life of the portfolio, the Company reverted over a one-year period on a straight-line basis to a historical loss rate of just under 2 basis points for all periods shown in the roll forward above.
The calculated CECL reserve for the Company’s $47.0 billion at-risk Fannie Mae servicing portfolio as of September 30, 2021 was $54.0 million compared to $67.0 million as of December 31, 2020. The weighted-average remaining life of the at-risk Fannie Mae servicing portfolio as of September 30, 2021 was 7.5 years. The at-risk Fannie Mae servicing portfolio does not include at-risk loans held for sale.
NaN loans that defaulted in 2019 had aggregate collateral-based reserves of $7.6 million and $8.3 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
As of September 30, 2021, the maximum quantifiable contingent liability associated with the Company’s guaranties for the at-risk loans serviced under the Fannie Mae DUS agreement was $9.8 billion. The maximum quantifiable contingent liability is not representative of the actual loss the Company would incur. The Company would be liable for this amount only if all of the loans it services for Fannie Mae, for which the Company retains some risk of loss, were to default and all of the collateral underlying these loans were determined to be without value at the time of settlement.
NOTE 5—SERVICING
The total unpaid principal balance of loans the Company was servicing for various institutional investors was $113.9 billion as of September 30, 2021 compared to $107.2 billion as of December 31, 2020.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, custodial escrow accounts relating to loans serviced by the Company totaled $3.0 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively. These amounts are not included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as such amounts are not Company assets; however, the Company is entitled to earn interest income on these escrow balances, presented as a component of Escrow earnings and other interest income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Certain cash deposits at other financial institutions
14
exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. The Company places these deposits with financial institutions that meet the requirements of the Agencies and where it believes the risk of loss to be minimal.
NOTE 6—WAREHOUSE NOTES PAYABLE
As of September 30, 2021, to provide financing to borrowers under the Agencies’ programs, the Company has committed and uncommitted warehouse lines of credit in the amount of $4.1 billion with certain national banks and a $1.5 billion uncommitted facility with Fannie Mae (collectively, the “Agency Warehouse Facilities”). In support of these Agency Warehouse Facilities, the Company has pledged substantially all of its loans held for sale under the Company’s approved programs. The Company’s ability to originate mortgage loans for sale depends upon its ability to secure and maintain these types of short-term financings on acceptable terms.
Additionally, as of September 30, 2021, the Company has arranged for warehouse lines of credit in the amount of $0.5 billion with certain national banks to assist in funding loans held for investment under the Interim Loan Program (“Interim Warehouse Facilities”). The Company has pledged substantially all of its loans held for investment against these Interim Warehouse Facilities. The Company’s ability to originate loans held for investment depends upon its ability to secure and maintain these types of short-term financings on acceptable terms.
The maximum amount and outstanding borrowings under Warehouse notes payable at September 30, 2021 follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2021 | | |
| ||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) |
| Committed |
| Uncommitted | | Total Facility | | Outstanding |
|
|
| ||||
Facility(1) | | Amount | | Amount | | Capacity | | Balance | | Interest rate(2) |
| ||||
Agency Warehouse Facility #1 | | $ | 425,000 | | $ | — | | $ | 425,000 | | $ | 277,872 |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% | |
Agency Warehouse Facility #2 | |
| 700,000 | |
| 300,000 | |
| 1,000,000 | |
| 346,047 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% | |
Agency Warehouse Facility #3 | |
| 600,000 | |
| 265,000 | |
| 865,000 | |
| 378,624 |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% | |
Agency Warehouse Facility #4 | | | 350,000 | | | — | | | 350,000 | | | 136,616 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% | |
Agency Warehouse Facility #5 | | | — | | | 1,000,000 | | | 1,000,000 | | | 885,308 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.45% | |
Agency Warehouse Facility #6 | | | 150,000 | | | 100,000 | | | 250,000 | | | 118,124 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.40% | |
Agency Warehouse Facility #7 | | | 150,000 | | | 50,000 | | | 200,000 | | | 92,293 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% | |
Total National Bank Agency Warehouse Facilities | | $ | 2,375,000 | | $ | 1,715,000 | | $ | 4,090,000 | | $ | 2,234,884 | | | |
Fannie Mae repurchase agreement, uncommitted line and open maturity | |
| — | |
| 1,500,000 | |
| 1,500,000 | |
| 482,861 |
| | |
Total Agency Warehouse Facilities | | $ | 2,375,000 | | $ | 3,215,000 | | $ | 5,590,000 | | $ | 2,717,745 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interim Warehouse Facility #1 | | $ | 135,000 | | $ | — | | $ | 135,000 | | $ | — |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.90% | |
Interim Warehouse Facility #2 | |
| 100,000 | |
| — | |
| 100,000 | |
| — |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.65% to 2.00% | |
Interim Warehouse Facility #3 | |
| 200,000 | |
| — | |
| 200,000 | |
| 111,817 |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.75% to 3.25% | |
Interim Warehouse Facility #4 | | | 19,810 | | | — | | | 19,810 | | | 19,810 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 3.00% | |
Total National Bank Interim Warehouse Facilities | | $ | 454,810 | | $ | — | | $ | 454,810 | | $ | 131,627 | | | |
Debt issuance costs | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| (793) | | | |
Total warehouse facilities | | $ | 2,829,810 | | $ | 3,215,000 | | $ | 6,044,810 | | $ | 2,848,579 | | | |
The following amendments to the Agency Warehouse Facilities were executed in the normal course of business to support the growth of the Company’s Agency business.
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company executed an amendment to the agreement related to Agency Warehouse Facility #1 that decreased the borrowing rate to 30-day London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 130 basis points from 30-day LIBOR plus 140 basis points and decreased the 30-day LIBOR floor to 0 from 25 basis points. In October 2021, the Company executed an amendment to the agreement that extended the maturity date to December 24, 2021. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
15
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company executed amendments to the agreement related to Agency Warehouse Facility #2 that extended the maturity date to April 14, 2022 and decreased the borrowing rate to 30-day LIBOR plus 130 basis points from 30-day LIBOR plus 140 basis points. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company executed amendments to the agreement related to Agency Warehouse Facility #3 that extended the maturity date to May 14, 2022, increased the borrowing rate to 30-day LIBOR plus 130 basis points from 30-day LIBOR plus 115 basis points, and decreased the 30-day LIBOR floor to 0 basis points from 50 basis points. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company executed an amendment to the agreement related to Agency Warehouse Facility #4 that extended the maturity date to June 22, 2022, decreased the borrowing rate to 30-day LIBOR plus 130 basis points from 30-day LIBOR plus 140 basis points, and decreased the 30-day LIBOR floor to 5 basis points from 25 basis points. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
During the third quarter of 2021, the Company executed amendments to the agreement related to Agency Warehouse Facility #5 that extended the maturity date to September 15, 2022. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
During the first quarter of 2021, the Company executed an agreement to establish Agency Warehouse Facility #6. The warehouse facility has a $150.0 million maximum committed borrowing capacity, provides us with the ability to fund Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, and FHA loans, and matures on March 5, 2022. Advances are made at 100% of the loan balance, and the borrowings under the warehouse agreement bear interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 140 basis points with a 30-day LIBOR floor of 25 basis points. In addition to the committed borrowing capacity, the agreement provides $100.0 million of uncommitted borrowing capacity that bears interest at the same rate as the committed facility. The facility agreement requires the Company’s compliance with the same financial covenants as provided in the facility agreement for Agency Warehouse Facility #1, as described in the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K. No material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
During the third quarter of 2021, the Company executed an agreement to establish Agency Warehouse Facility #7. The warehouse facility has a $150.0 million maximum committed borrowing capacity, provides us with the ability to fund Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, and FHA loans, and matures on August 24, 2022. Advances are made at 100% of the loan balance, and the borrowings under the warehouse agreement bear interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 130 basis points. In addition to the committed borrowing capacity, the agreement provides $50.0 million of uncommitted borrowing capacity that bears interest at the same rate as the committed facility. The facility agreement requires the Company’s compliance with the same financial covenants as provided in the facility agreement for Agency Warehouse Facility #1, as described in the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K. No material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company executed amendments to the agreement related to Interim Warehouse Facility #1 that extended the maturity date to May 14, 2022 and decreased the 30-day LIBOR floor to 0 basis points from 50 basis points. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
During the third quarter of 2021, the Company executed an amendment to the agreement related to Interim Warehouse Facility #3 that extended the maturity date to September 29, 2022, increased the committed borrowing capacity to $200.0 million, and eliminated the uncommitted borrowing capacity. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
In October 2021, the Company executed an amendment related to Interim Warehouse Facility #4 that extended the stated maturity date to October 1, 2022. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
The warehouse notes payable are subject to various financial covenants, all of which the Company was in compliance with as of September 30, 2021.
Interest on the Company’s warehouse notes payable is based on 30-day LIBOR. As a result of the expected transition from LIBOR, the Company has updated its debt agreements to include fallback language to govern the transition from 30-day LIBOR to an alternative reference rate.
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NOTE 7—GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
A summary of the Company’s goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 follows:
| | | | | | | |
| | For the nine months ended | | ||||
| | September 30, | | ||||
Roll Forward of Goodwill (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||
Beginning balance | | $ | 248,958 | | $ | 180,424 | |
Additions from acquisitions | |
| 84,291 | |
| 68,534 | |
Impairment | |
| — | |
| — | |
Ending balance | | $ | 333,249 | | $ | 248,958 | |
| | | | | | | |
The additions to goodwill from acquisitions during 2021 shown in the table above during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 relate to the following immaterial acquisitions:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Detail of Acquisition Activity (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | Acquisition | | | Purchase Consideration | | | Assets | | Liabilities | | Noncontrolling | | Goodwill | ||||||||||||
Acquisition | | Date | | Cash | | Stock | | Contingent | | Total | | | Acquired | | Assumed | | Interest | | Recognized | |||||||
Acquisition #1 | | Q1 2021 | | $ | 7,506 | | $ | — | | $ | 5,229 | | $ | 12,735 | | $ | 504 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 12,231 |
Acquisition #2 | | Q2 2021 | | | 3,000 | | | — | | | 2,275 | | | 5,275 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5,275 |
Acquisition #3 | | Q3 2021 | | | 53,420 | | | 5,250 | | | — | | | 58,670 | | | 16,521 | | | 5,886 | | | 18,750 | | | 66,785 |
Total | | | | $ | 63,926 | | $ | 5,250 | | $ | 7,504 | | $ | 76,680 | | $ | 17,025 | | $ | 5,886 | | $ | 18,750 | | $ | 84,291 |
The assets acquired and liabilities assumed presented above were recorded at fair value. Acquisition #1 relates to a property sales brokerage company. Acquisition #2 relates to a company with a technology platform that streamlines and accelerates the quoting, processing, and underwriting of small-balance multifamily loans while providing the borrower with a web-based, user-friendly interface. The acquisition is part of the Company’s overall strategy to significantly increase its small-balance lending volumes using technology. Acquisition #3 relates to the purchase of a 75% controlling interest in Zelman, which specializes in housing market research and real estate-related investment banking and advisory services. The assets acquired for Acquisition #3 include $8.2 million of intangible assets. As of September 30, 2021, the Company completed the purchase accounting for Acquisitions #1 and #2. The purchase accounting for Acquisition #3 is pending the finalization of working capital adjustments in the fourth quarter of 2021, which are expected to be immaterial.
The stock consideration shown above is a non-cash transaction not impacting the amount of cash consideration paid on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the remaining balance of intangible assets from acquisitions totaled $8.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, the weighted-average period over which the Company expects these intangible assets to be amortized is 5.4 years.
A summary of the Company’s’s contingent consideration liabilities, which are included in Other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, as of and for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 follows:
| | | | | | | | |||||||
| | For the nine months ended | | |||||||||||
| | September 30, | | |||||||||||
For the three months ended | ||||||||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||||||||
Roll Forward of Contingent Consideration Liabilities (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 | |
| 2022 |
| 2021 | |||||
Beginning balance | | $ | 28,829 | | $ | 5,752 | | $ | 125,808 | $ | 28,829 | |||
Additions | | | 7,504 | | | 27,645 | | 119,000 | 5,229 | |||||
Accretion | | | 1,405 | | | 826 | | |||||||
Accretion and revaluation | 359 | 430 | ||||||||||||
Payments | | | (6,080) | | | (5,800) | | (26,438) | — | |||||
Ending balance | | $ | 31,658 | | $ | 28,423 | | $ | 218,729 | $ | 34,488 |
The contingent consideration liabilities above relate to (i) acquisitions of debt brokerage companies and an investment sales brokerage company completed over the past several years, including 2021, (ii) the purchase of noncontrolling interests in 2020 that was fully earned as of December 31, 2021 and paid in 2022, (iii) the aforementionedAlliant acquisition, and (iv) the GeoPhy acquisition.
17
technology company acquired in 2021. The contingent consideration for each of the acquisitions may be earned over various lengths of time after each acquisition, with a maximum earn-out period of five years, provided certain revenue targets and other metrics have been met. The last of the earn-out periods related to the contingent consideration ends in the first quarter of 2026. In each case, thethe Company estimated the initial fair value of the contingent consideration using a probability-based, discounted cash flow model.Monte Carlo simulation.
The contingent consideration included for the acquisitions and purchase of noncontrolling interestsGeoPhy acquisition is non-cash and thus not reflected in the amount of cash consideration paid on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
16
NOTE 8—8—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company uses valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach, and/or the cost approach to measure assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entity'sentity's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
The Company'sCompany's MSRs are measured at fair value at inception, and thereafter on a nonrecurring basis. That is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value measurement when there is evidence of impairment and for disclosure purposes (NOTE 3). The Company'sCompany's MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. While sales of multifamily MSRs do occur on occasion, precise terms and conditions vary with each transaction and are not readily available. Accordingly, the estimated fair value of the Company’sCompany’s MSRs was developed using discounted cash flow models that calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model considers contractually specified servicing fees, prepayment assumptions, estimated revenue from escrow accounts, costs to service, and other economic factors. The Company periodically reassesses and adjusts, when necessary, the underlying inputs and assumptions used in the model to reflect observable market conditions and assumptions that market participants consider in valuing MSR assets. During the first quarter of 2021, the Company reduced the discount rate and escrow earnings rate assumptions for its capitalized MSRs based on market participant data. MSRs are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.
A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.
Derivative Instruments |
Loans Held for Sale |
● | Pledged Securities—Investments in money market funds are valued using quoted market prices from recent trades. Therefore, the Company classifies this portion of pledged securities as Level 1. The Company determines the fair value of its AFS investments in Agency debt securities using discounted cash flows that incorporate observable inputs from market participants and then compares the fair value to broker estimates of fair value. Consequently, the Company classifies this portion of pledged securities as Level 2. |
● | Contingent Consideration Liabilities—Contingent consideration liabilities from acquisitions are initially recognized at fair value at acquisition and subsequently remeasured based on the change in probability of achievement of the performance objectives and |
1817
The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020,2021, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy used to measure fair value:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | Balance as of |
| |||||||||||||||||
Balance as of |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Period End |
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Period End |
| ||||||||||||
September 30, 2021 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Loans held for sale | | $ | — | | $ | 2,711,900 | | $ | — | | $ | 2,711,900 | | $ | — | $ | 703,629 | $ | — | $ | 703,629 | |||||
Pledged securities | |
| 51,550 | |
| 97,224 | |
| — | |
| 148,774 | |
| 41,053 |
| 107,594 |
| — |
| 148,647 | |||||
Derivative assets | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 85,486 | |
| 85,486 | |
| — |
| — |
| 112,023 |
| 112,023 | |||||
Total | | $ | 51,550 | | $ | 2,809,124 | | $ | 85,486 | | $ | 2,946,160 | | $ | 41,053 | $ | 811,223 | $ | 112,023 | $ | 964,299 | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Derivative liabilities | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 13,263 | | $ | 13,263 | | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 12,400 | $ | 12,400 | |||||
Contingent consideration liabilities | — | — | 218,729 | 218,729 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 13,263 | | $ | 13,263 | | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 231,129 | $ | 231,129 | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Loans held for sale | | $ | — | | $ | 2,449,198 | | $ | — | | $ | 2,449,198 | | $ | — | $ | 1,811,586 | $ | — | $ | 1,811,586 | |||||
Pledged securities | |
| 17,473 | |
| 119,763 | |
| — | |
| 137,236 | |
| 44,733 |
| 104,263 |
| — |
| 148,996 | |||||
Derivative assets | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 49,786 | |
| 49,786 | |
| — |
| — |
| 37,364 |
| 37,364 | |||||
Total | | $ | 17,473 | | $ | 2,568,961 | | $ | 49,786 | | $ | 2,636,220 | | $ | 44,733 | $ | 1,915,849 | $ | 37,364 | $ | 1,997,946 | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Derivative liabilities | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 5,066 | | $ | 5,066 | | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 6,403 | $ | 6,403 | |||||
Contingent consideration liabilities | — | — | 125,808 | 125,808 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 5,066 | | $ | 5,066 | | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 132,211 | $ | 132,211 |
There were 0 transfers between any of the levels within the fair value hierarchy during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2021.March 31, 2022.
Derivative instruments (Level 3) are outstanding for short periods of time (generally less than 60 days). A roll forward of derivative instruments is presented below for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and 2020:2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||
| | Level 3 Fair Value Measurements: | | ||||||||||||||||
| | Derivative Instruments | | ||||||||||||||||
| | For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended | | ||||||||||||||
| | September 30, | | September 30, | | ||||||||||||||
For the three months ended | |||||||||||||||||||
March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
Derivative Assets and Liabilities, net (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
|
| 2022 |
| 2021 | ||||||
Beginning balance | | $ | 6,340 | | $ | 13,346 | | $ | 44,720 | | $ | 15,532 | | $ | 30,961 | $ | 44,720 | ||
Settlements | |
| (146,841) | |
| (141,804) | |
| (488,356) | |
| (456,639) | |
| (66,378) |
| (129,655) | ||
Realized gains recorded in earnings(1) | |
| 140,501 | |
| 128,458 | |
| 443,636 | |
| 441,107 | |
| 35,417 |
| 84,935 | ||
Unrealized gains (losses) recorded in earnings(1) | |
| 72,223 | |
| 33,432 | |
| 72,223 | |
| 33,432 | |
| 99,623 |
| 48,880 | ||
Ending balance | | $ | 72,223 | | $ | 33,432 | | $ | 72,223 | | $ | 33,432 | | $ | 99,623 | $ | 48,880 |
(1) | Realized and unrealized gains (losses) from derivatives are recognized in Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net and Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. |
1918
The following table presents information about significant unobservable inputs used in the recurring measurement of the fair value of the Company’sCompany’s Level 3 assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2021:March 31, 2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||
| | Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements |
| ||||||||||||||||||
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) |
| Fair Value |
| Valuation Technique |
| Unobservable Input (1) |
| Input Value (1) |
|
| Fair Value |
| Valuation Technique |
| Unobservable Input (1) |
| Input Range (1) |
| Weighted Average (3) | ||
Derivative assets | | $ | 85,486 |
| Discounted cash flow |
| Counterparty credit risk |
| — | | $ | 112,023 |
| Discounted cash flow |
| Counterparty credit risk |
| — | — | ||
Derivative liabilities | | $ | 13,263 |
| Discounted cash flow |
| Counterparty credit risk |
| — | | $ | 12,400 |
| Discounted cash flow |
| Counterparty credit risk |
| — | — | ||
Contingent consideration liabilities | $ | 218,729 | Various(2) | Probability of earn-out achievement | 88% - 100% | 90% |
(1) | Significant increases in this input may lead to significantly lower fair value measurements. |
(2) | Primary valuation technique used was a Monte Carlo simulation analysis. |
(3) | Contingent consideration weighted based on maximum gross earn-out amount. |
The carrying amounts and the fair values of the Company'sCompany's financial instruments as of September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 20202021 are presented below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||
| | September 30, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| |||||||||||||||||||||
|
| Carrying |
| Fair |
| Carrying |
| Fair |
| |||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying |
| Fair |
| Carrying |
| Fair |
| ||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | | Amount | | Value | | Amount | | Value |
| Amount | Value | Amount | Value |
| ||||||||||||
Financial Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 318,188 | | $ | 318,188 | | $ | 321,097 | | $ | 321,097 | | $ | 141,375 | $ | 141,375 | $ | 305,635 | $ | 305,635 | |||||
Restricted cash | |
| 34,875 | |
| 34,875 | |
| 19,432 | |
| 19,432 | |
| 41,584 |
| 41,584 |
| 42,812 |
| 42,812 | |||||
Pledged securities | |
| 148,774 | |
| 148,774 | |
| 137,236 | |
| 137,236 | |
| 148,647 |
| 148,647 |
| 148,996 |
| 148,996 | |||||
Loans held for sale | |
| 2,711,900 | |
| 2,711,900 | |
| 2,449,198 | |
| 2,449,198 | |
| 703,629 |
| 703,629 |
| 1,811,586 |
| 1,811,586 | |||||
Loans held for investment, net | |
| 233,685 | |
| 234,996 | |
| 360,402 | |
| 362,586 | |
| 216,620 |
| 217,932 |
| 269,125 |
| 270,826 | |||||
Derivative assets | |
| 85,486 | |
| 85,486 | |
| 49,786 | |
| 49,786 | |
| 112,023 |
| 112,023 |
| 37,364 |
| 37,364 | |||||
Total financial assets | | $ | 3,532,908 | | $ | 3,534,219 | | $ | 3,337,151 | | $ | 3,339,335 | | $ | 1,363,878 | $ | 1,365,190 | $ | 2,615,518 | $ | 2,617,219 | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||
Financial Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||
Derivative liabilities | | $ | 13,263 | | $ | 13,263 | | $ | 5,066 | | $ | 5,066 | | $ | 12,400 | $ | 12,400 | $ | 6,403 | $ | 6,403 | |||||
Secured borrowings | | | — | | | — | | | 73,314 | | | 73,314 | | |||||||||||||
Contingent consideration liabilities | 218,729 | 218,729 | 125,808 | 125,808 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Warehouse notes payable | |
| 2,848,579 | |
| 2,849,372 | |
| 2,517,156 | |
| 2,518,101 | |
| 924,280 |
| 924,702 |
| 1,941,572 |
| 1,942,448 | |||||
Note payable | |
| 289,763 | |
| 292,539 | |
| 291,593 | |
| 294,773 | | |||||||||||||
Notes payable |
| 726,555 |
| 731,416 |
| 740,174 |
| 745,175 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total financial liabilities | | $ | 3,151,605 | | $ | 3,155,174 | | $ | 2,887,129 | | $ | 2,891,254 | | $ | 1,881,964 | $ | 1,887,247 | $ | 2,813,957 | $ | 2,819,834 |
The following methods and assumptions were used for recurring fair value measurements as of September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020.2021.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash——The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments (Level 1).
Pledged Securities——Consist of cash, highly liquid investments in money market accounts invested in government securities, and investments in Agency debt securities. The investments of the money market funds typically have maturities of 90 days or less and are valued using quoted market prices from recent trades. The fair value of the Agency debt securities incorporates the contractual cash flows of the security discounted at market-rate, risk-adjusted yields.
Loans Held for Sale——Consist of originated loans that are generally transferred or sold within 60 days from the date that a mortgage loan is funded and are valued using discounted cash flow models that incorporate observable prices from market participants.
19
Contingent Consideration Liability—Consists of the estimated fair values of expected future earn-out payments related to acquisitions completed over the past several years, including 2022. The earn-out liabilities are valued using a Monte Carlo simulation analysis. The fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities incorporates unobservable inputs, such as the probability of earn-out achievement, volatility rates, and discount rate, to determine the expected earn-out cash flows. The probability of the earn-out achievement is based on management’s estimate of the expected future performance and other financial metrics of each of the acquired entities, which are subject to significant uncertainty.
Derivative Instruments——Consist of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale agreements. These instruments are valued using discounted cash flow models developed based on changes in the U.S. Treasury rate and other observable market data. The value is determined after considering the potential impact of collateralization, adjusted to reflect nonperformance risk of both the counterparty and the Company.Company.
20
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments and Loans Held for Sale——In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contractual commitments to originate and sell multifamily mortgage loans at fixed prices with fixed expiration dates. The commitments become effective when the borrowers "lock-in""lock-in" a specified interest rate within time frames established by the Company. All mortgagors are evaluated for creditworthiness prior to the extension of the commitment. Market risk arises if interest rates move adversely between the time of the "lock-in""lock-in" of rates by the borrower and the sale date of the loan to an investor.investor.
To mitigate the effect of the interest rate risk inherent in providing rate lock commitments to borrowers, the Company enters into a sale commitment with the investor simultaneously with the rate lock commitment with the borrower. The sale contract with the investor locks in an interest rate and price for the sale of the loan. The terms of the contract with the investor and the rate lock with the borrower are matched in substantially all respects, with the objective of eliminating interest rate risk to the extent practical. Sale commitments with the investors have an expiration date that is longer than our related commitments to the borrower to allow, among other things, for the closing of the loan and processing of paperwork to deliver the loan into the sale commitment.commitment.
Both the rate lock commitments to borrowers and the forward sale contracts to buyers are undesignated derivatives and, accordingly, are marked to fair value through Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The fair value of the Company'sCompany's rate lock commitments to borrowers and loans held for sale and the related input levels includes, as applicable:applicable:
the estimated gain of the expected loan sale to the investor (Level 2); |
the expected net cash flows associated with servicing the loan, net of any guaranty obligations retained (Level 2); |
the effects of interest rate movements between the date of the rate lock and the balance sheet date (Level 2); and |
the nonperformance risk of both the counterparty and the Company (Level 3; derivative instruments only). |
The estimated gain considers the origination fees the Company expects to collect upon loan closing (derivative instruments only) and premiums the Company expects to receive upon sale of the loan (Level 2). The fair value of the expected net cash flows associated with servicing the loan is calculated pursuant to the valuation techniques applicable to the fair value of future servicing, net at loan sale (Level 2).
To calculate the effects of interest rate movements, the Company uses applicable published U.S. Treasury prices, and multiplies the price movement between the rate lock date and the balance sheet date by the notional loan commitment amount (Level 2).
The fair value of the Company'sCompany's forward sales contracts to investors considers effects of interest rate movements between the trade date and the balance sheet date (Level 2). The market price changes are multiplied by the notional amount of the forward sales contracts to measure the fair value.
The fair value of the Company’sCompany’s interest rate lock commitments and forward sales contracts is adjusted to reflect the risk that the agreement will not be fulfilled. The Company’sCompany’s exposure to nonperformance in interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Given the credit quality of our counterparties and the short duration of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts, the risk of nonperformance by the Company’sCompany’s counterparties has historically been minimal (Level 3). The following table presents the components of fair value and other relevant information associated with the Company’s derivative instruments and loans held for sale as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
2120
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Fair Value Adjustment Components | | Balance Sheet Location |
| ||||||||||||||
|
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| Fair Value |
| |
| | Notional or | | Estimated | | | | | Total | | | | | | | | Adjustment |
| ||||
| | Principal | | Gain | | Interest Rate | | Fair Value | | Derivative | | Derivative | | to Loans |
| |||||||
(in thousands) | | Amount | | on Sale | | Movement | | Adjustment | | Assets | | Liabilities | | Held for Sale |
| |||||||
September 30, 2021 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rate lock commitments | | $ | 1,979,035 | | $ | 52,838 | | $ | (31,638) | | $ | 21,200 | | $ | 32,111 | | $ | (10,911) | | $ | — | |
Forward sale contracts | |
| 4,667,125 | |
| — | |
| 51,023 | |
| 51,023 | |
| 53,375 | | | (2,352) | |
| — | |
Loans held for sale | |
| 2,688,090 | |
| 43,195 | |
| (19,385) | |
| 23,810 | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 23,810 | |
Total | | | | | $ | 96,033 | | $ | — | | $ | 96,033 | | $ | 85,486 | | $ | (13,263) | | $ | 23,810 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rate lock commitments | | $ | 1,374,784 | | $ | 45,581 | | $ | (1,697) | | $ | 43,884 | | $ | 43,895 | | $ | (11) | | $ | — | |
Forward sale contracts | |
| 3,760,953 | |
| — | |
| 836 | |
| 836 | |
| 5,891 | | | (5,055) | |
| — | |
Loans held for sale | |
| 2,386,169 | |
| 62,167 | |
| 861 | |
| 63,028 | |
| — | |
| — | |
| 63,028 | |
Total | | | | | $ | 107,748 | | $ | — | | $ | 107,748 | | $ | 49,786 | | $ | (5,066) | | $ | 63,028 | |
The following table presents the components of fair value and other relevant information associated with the Company’s derivative instruments and loans held for sale as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
Fair Value Adjustment Components | Balance Sheet Location |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fair Value |
| ||||||||||||||
Notional or | Estimated | Total | Adjustment |
| ||||||||||||||||||
Principal | Gain | Interest Rate | Fair Value | Derivative | Derivative | to Loans |
| |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | Amount | on Sale | Movement | Adjustment | Assets | Liabilities | Held for Sale |
| ||||||||||||||
March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Rate lock commitments | $ | 1,179,917 | $ | 36,930 | $ | (10,360) | $ | 26,570 | $ | 33,564 | $ | (6,994) | $ | — | ||||||||
Forward sale contracts |
| 1,932,125 |
| — |
| 73,053 |
| 73,053 |
| 78,459 | (5,406) |
| — | |||||||||
Loans held for sale |
| 752,208 |
| 14,114 |
| (62,693) |
| (48,579) |
| — |
| — |
| (48,579) | ||||||||
Total | $ | 51,044 | $ | — | $ | 51,044 | $ | 112,023 | $ | (12,400) | $ | (48,579) | ||||||||||
December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Rate lock commitments | $ | 1,115,829 | $ | 29,837 | $ | (4,604) | $ | 25,233 | $ | 26,526 | $ | (1,293) | $ | — | ||||||||
Forward sale contracts |
| 2,881,224 |
| — |
| 5,728 |
| 5,728 |
| 10,838 | (5,110) |
| — | |||||||||
Loans held for sale |
| 1,765,395 |
| 47,315 |
| (1,124) |
| 46,191 |
| — |
| — |
| 46,191 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 77,152 | $ | — | $ | 77,152 | $ | 37,364 | $ | (6,403) | $ | 46,191 |
NOTE 9—9—FANNIE MAE COMMITMENTS AND PLEDGED SECURITIES
Fannie Mae DUS Related Commitments——Commitments for the origination and subsequent sale and delivery of loans to Fannie Mae represent those mortgage loan transactions where the borrower has locked an interest rate and scheduled closing, and the Company has entered into a mandatory delivery commitment to sell the loan to Fannie Mae. As discussed in NOTE 8, the Company accounts for these commitments as derivatives recorded at fair value.
The Company is generally required to share the risk of any losses associated with loans sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program. The Company is required to secure these obligations by assigning restricted cash balances and securities to Fannie Mae, which are classified as Pledged securities, at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of collateral required by Fannie Mae is a formulaic calculation at the loan level and considers the balance of the loan, the risk level of the loan, the age of the loan, and the level of risk-sharing. Fannie Mae requires restricted liquidity for Tier 2 loans of 75 basis points, which is funded over a 48-month period that begins upon delivery of the loan to Fannie Mae. Pledged securities held in the form of money market funds holding U.S. Treasuries are discounted 5%, and Agency mortgage-backed securities (“(“Agency MBS”MBS”) are discounted 4% for purposes of calculating compliance with the restricted liquidity requirements. As seen below, the Company held the majority of its pledged securities in Agency MBS as of September 30, 2021.March 31, 2022. The majority of the loans for which the Company has risk sharing are Tier 2 loans.
The Company is in compliance with the September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 collateral requirements as outlined above. As of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, reserve requirements for the DUS loan portfolio will require the Company to fund $64.2$68.2 million in additional restricted liquidity over the next 48 months, assuming no further principal paydowns, prepayments, or defaults within the at-risk portfolio. Fannie Mae has in the past reassessed the DUS Capital Standards and may make changes to these standards in the future. The Company generates sufficient cash flow from its operations to meet these capital standards and does not expect any future changes to have a material impact on its future operations; however, any future increases to collateral requirements may adversely impact the Company’sCompany’s available cash.
Fannie Mae has established benchmark standards for capital adequacy and reserves the right to terminate the Company'sCompany's servicing authority for all or some of the portfolio if, at any time, it determines that the Company'sCompany's financial condition is not adequate to support its obligations under the DUS agreement. The Company is required to maintain acceptable net worth as defined in the agreement, and the Company satisfied the requirements as of September 30, 2021.March 31, 2022. The net worth requirement is derived primarily from unpaid principal balances on Fannie Mae loans and the level of risk sharing. At September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, the net worth requirement was $250.2$261.2 million, and the Company'sCompany's net worth, as defined in the requirements, was $1.1 billion,$704.8 million, as measured at our wholly owned operating subsidiary, Walker && Dunlop, LLC. As of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, the Company was required to maintain at least $49.5$51.8 million of liquid assets to meet operational liquidity requirements for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, and Ginnie Mae, and the Company had operational liquidity, as defined in the requirements, of $254.7$98.6 million as of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, as measured at our wholly owned operating subsidiary, Walker && Dunlop, LLC.
2221
Pledged Securities, at Fair Value——Pledged securities, at fair value consisted of the following balances as of September 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 and December 31, 20202021 and 2019:2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
| September 30, | | December 31, | | ||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Pledged Securities (in thousands) | 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2020 |
| 2019 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||||||||
Restricted cash | $ | 10,596 | | $ | 13,370 | | $ | 4,954 | | $ | 2,150 | | $ | 4,099 | $ | 24,578 | $ | 3,779 | $ | 4,954 | ||||
Money market funds | | 40,954 | | | 7,954 | | | 12,519 | | | 5,054 | | 36,954 | 14,954 | 40,954 | 12,519 | ||||||||
Total pledged cash and cash equivalents | $ | 51,550 | | $ | 21,324 | | $ | 17,473 | | $ | 7,204 | | $ | 41,053 | $ | 39,532 | $ | 44,733 | $ | 17,473 | ||||
Agency MBS |
| 97,224 | | | 112,971 | |
| 119,763 | |
| 114,563 | |
| 107,594 | 100,038 |
| 104,263 |
| 119,763 | |||||
Total pledged securities, at fair value | $ | 148,774 | | $ | 134,295 | | $ | 137,236 | | $ | 121,767 | | $ | 148,647 | $ | 139,570 | $ | 148,996 | $ | 137,236 |
The information in the preceding table is presented to reconcile beginning and ending cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as more fully discussed in NOTE 2.
The Company’sCompany’s investments included within Pledged securities, at fair value consist primarily of money market funds and Agency debt securities. The investments in Agency debt securities consist of multifamily Agency MBS and are all accounted for as AFS securities. When the fair value of Agency MBS is lower than the carrying value, the Company assesses whether an allowance for credit losses is necessary. The Company does not record an allowance for credit losses for its AFS securities, including those whose fair value is less than amortized cost, when the AFS securities are issued by the GSEs. The contractual cash flows of these AFS securities are guaranteed by the GSEs, which are government-sponsored enterprises under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of these securities. The Company does not intend to sell any of the Agency MBS whose fair value is less than the carrying value, nor does the Company believe that it is more likely than not that it would be required to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. The following table provides additional information related to the Agency MBS as of September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020:2021:
| | | | | | | ||||||
Fair Value and Amortized Cost of Agency MBS (in thousands) | September 30, 2021 |
| December 31, 2020 |
| March 31, 2022 |
| December 31, 2021 |
| ||||
Fair value | $ | 97,224 | | $ | 119,763 | | $ | 107,594 | $ | 104,263 | ||
Amortized cost | | 93,570 | | | 117,136 | | 105,484 | 100,847 | ||||
Total gains for securities with net gains in AOCI | | 3,796 | | | 2,669 | | 2,743 | 3,636 | ||||
Total losses for securities with net losses in AOCI |
| (142) | |
| (42) | |
| (633) |
| (220) | ||
Fair value of securities with unrealized losses |
| 2,139 | |
| 12,267 | |
| 38,964 |
| 4,757 |
NoneAn immaterial amount of the pledged securities has been in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months.
The following table provides contractual maturity information related to Agency MBS. The money market funds invest in short-term Federal Government and Agency debt securities and have no stated maturity date.
| | | | | | | ||||||
| September 30, 2021 | | ||||||||||
March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Detail of Agency MBS Maturities (in thousands) | Fair Value |
| Amortized Cost |
| Fair Value |
| Amortized Cost |
| ||||
Within one year | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | $ | — | ||
After one year through five years | | 5,720 | | | 5,697 | | 2,253 | 2,248 | ||||
After five years through ten years | | 61,939 | | | 61,056 | | 78,112 | 77,631 | ||||
After ten years |
| 29,565 | | | 26,817 | |
| 27,229 | 25,605 | |||
Total | $ | 97,224 | | $ | 93,570 | | $ | 107,594 | $ | 105,484 | ||
| | | | | | | ||||||
NOTE 10—10—EARNINGS PER SHARE AND STOCKHOLDERS’STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Earnings per share (“EPS”(“EPS”) is calculated under the two-class method. The two-class method allocates all earnings (distributed and undistributed) to each class of common stock and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends. The Company grants share-based awards to various employees and nonemployee directors under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan that entitle recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities.
2322
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 under the two-class method. Participating securities were included in the calculation of diluted EPS using the two-class method, as this computation was more dilutive than the treasury-stock method.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||
| For the three months ended September 30, | | For the nine months ended September 30, |
| ||||||||||||||
For the three months ended March 31, |
| |||||||||||||||||
EPS Calculations (in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| 2022 | 2021 |
| |||||||
Calculation of basic EPS | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | $ | 71,721 | | $ | 53,190 | | $ | 185,831 | | $ | 163,078 | | ||||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | $ | 71,209 | $ | 58,052 | ||||||||||||||
Less: dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities |
| 2,364 | |
| 1,528 | |
| 6,163 | |
| 4,923 | |
| 2,172 |
| 1,967 | ||
Net income applicable to common stockholders | $ | 69,357 | | $ | 51,662 | | $ | 179,668 | | $ | 158,155 | | $ | 69,037 | $ | 56,085 | ||
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding | | 31,064 | | | 30,560 | | | 30,969 | | | 30,379 | | 32,219 | 30,823 | ||||
Basic EPS | $ | 2.23 | | $ | 1.69 | | $ | 5.80 | | $ | 5.21 | | $ | 2.14 | $ | 1.82 | ||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||
Calculation of diluted EPS | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders | $ | 69,357 | | $ | 51,662 | | $ | 179,668 | | $ | 158,155 | | $ | 69,037 | $ | 56,085 | ||
Add: reallocation of dividends and undistributed earnings based on assumed conversion | | 23 | | | 19 | | | 57 | | | 75 | | 19 | 20 | ||||
Net income allocated to common stockholders | $ | 69,380 | | $ | 51,681 | | $ | 179,725 | | $ | 158,230 | | $ | 69,056 | $ | 56,105 | ||
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding | | 31,064 | | | 30,560 | | | 30,969 | | | 30,379 | | 32,219 | 30,823 | ||||
Add: weighted-average diluted non-participating securities | | 395 | | | 514 | | | 398 | | | 616 | | 398 | 453 | ||||
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding | | 31,459 | | | 31,074 | | | 31,367 | | | 30,995 | | 32,617 | 31,276 | ||||
Diluted EPS | $ | 2.21 | | $ | 1.66 | | $ | 5.73 | | $ | 5.11 | | $ | 2.12 | $ | 1.79 |
The assumed proceeds used for calculating the dilutive impact of restricted stock awards under the treasury-stock method includes the unrecognized compensation costs associated with the awards. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, anAn immaterial number of average restricted shares were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share under the treasury method. Fortreasury-stock method for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, 175 thousandMarch 31, 2022 and 142 thousand average restricted shares,March 31, 2021, respectively, were excluded. These average restricted shares were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share under the treasury method because the effect would have been anti-dilutive, as the grant date market price of the restricted shares was greater than the average market price of the Company’sCompany’s shares of common stock during the periods presented. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company issued shares of common stock totaling $9.6 million to settle compensation liabilities; these are
The following non-cash transactions that dodid not impact the amount of cash paid on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued shares of common stock totaling $6.6 million to settle compensation liabilities. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the operating agreement of 1 of the Company’s joint ventures changed. The Company reconsidered its consolidation conclusion based on this change and concluded that the joint venture should be consolidated, resulting in a $5.3 million reduction in APIC and $15.5 million of noncontrolling interests consolidated as shown on the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. The consolidation also resulted in a $35.0 million increase in Receivables, net, a $21.3 million reduction in Other assets, and a $3.6 million increase in Other liabilities. $8.8 million of the payments settling contingent consideration liabilities included in NOTE 7 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were from the issuance of the Company’s common stock.
The Company’sIn February 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program that permits the repurchase of up to $75.0$75.0 million of the Company’sCompany’s common stock over a 12-month period beginning on February 12, 2021.13, 2022. During the first three quartersquarter of 2021,2022, the Company did 0t0t repurchase any shares of its common stock under the share repurchase program. As of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, the Company had $75.0$75.0 million of authorized share repurchase capacity remaining under the 20212022 share repurchase program.
During each of the first three quarters of 2021, the Company paid a dividend of $0.50 per share. On November 3, 2021, the Company’sIn February 2022, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.50$0.60 per share for the fourthfirst quarter of 2021.2022, which the Company paid during the first quarter of 2022. On May 4, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.60 per share for the second quarter of 2022. The dividend will be paid on November 29, 2021June 3, 2022 to all holders of record of the Company’sCompany’s restricted and unrestricted common stock as of NovemberMay 19, 2021.2022.
The Company’s Company’s Note Payable (“Term Loan”) contains direct restrictions onto the amount of dividends the Company may pay, and the warehouse debt facilities and agreements with the Agencies contain minimum equity, liquidity, and other capital requirements that indirectly restrict the amount of dividends the Company may pay. The Company does not believe that these restrictions currently limit the amount of dividends the Company can pay for the foreseeable future.
NOTE 11—PENDING ACQUISITION ACTIVITIES
During the third quarter of 2021, the Company entered into a purchase agreement to acquire Alliant Capital, Ltd. and certain of its affiliates (“Alliant”). Alliant provides alternative investment management services focused on the affordable housing sector through low-income housing tax credit syndication, joint venture development, and community preservation fund management.
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UnderNOTE 11—SEGMENTS
In the termsfirst quarter of 2022, as a result of the purchase agreement,Company’s growth and recent acquisitions, the Company will acquire Alliant at a total enterprise value of $696 million, comprised of:’s chief operating decision maker began making decisions and assessing performance based on the following 3 operating segments. The operating segments are determined based on the product or service provided and reflect the manner in which management is currently evaluating the Company’s financial information.
Capital Markets (“CM”) |
As part of Agency lending, CM temporarily funds the loans it originates (loans held for sale) before selling them to the Agencies and earns net interest income on the spread between the interest income on the loans and the warehouse interest expense. For Agency loans, CM recognizes the fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, which represents the right to receive future servicing fees. CM also earns fees for origination of loans for both Agency lending and debt brokerage and fees for property sales and appraisals. Direct internal, including compensation, and external costs that are specific to CM are included within the results of this operating segments.
(ii) | Servicing & Asset Management (“SAM”)—SAM’s activities include: (i) servicing and asset-managing the portfolio of loans the Company (a) originates and sells to the Agencies, (b) brokers to certain life insurance companies, and (c) originates through its principal lending and investing activities, (ii) managing third-party capital invested in tax credit equity funds focused on the affordable housing sector and other commercial real estate, and (iii) real estate-related investment banking and advisory services, include housing market research. |
SAM earns revenue through (i) fees for servicing the loans in the Company’s servicing portfolio, (ii) asset management fees for managing third-party capital invested in funds, primarily LIHTC tax credit funds, (iii) subscription revenue for its housing market research, and (iv) net interest income on the spread between the interest income on the loans and the warehouse interest expense for loans held for investment. Direct internal, including compensation, and external costs that are specific to SAM are included within the results of this operating segment.
(iii) | Corporate—The Corporate segment consists primarily of the Company’s treasury operations and other corporate-level activities. The Company’s treasury activities include monitoring and managing liquidity and funding requirements, including corporate debt. Other corporate-level activities include strategic equity-method investments, information technology, legal, human resources, marketing, accounting, internal audit, and various other corporate groups (“support functions”). The Company does not allocate costs from these support functions to the CM or SAM segments in presenting segment operating results, other than income tax expense which |
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The transaction is expected to close duringfollowing table provides a summary and reconciliation of each segment’s results for the fourth quarterthree months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 and total assets as of March 31, 2022 and 2021. Closing is subject to certain regulatory approvals and consents of Alliant’s investors and lender partners.
To allow it to fund the acquisition of Alliant, the Company is currently in the process of refinancing and upsizing its Note payable (“existing term loan”) to $600 million. The Company has received commitments well in excess of the $600 million targeted amount. The new term loan is expected to close during the fourth quarter of 2021 simultaneously with the close of the acquisition of Alliant. The proceeds from the new term loan will be used to repay the Company’s existing term loan and to fund a significant amount of the $361 million cash payment due at the closing of the acquisition of Alliant. The new term loan is expected to have a term of seven years.
As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Segment Results and Total Assets | Servicing & | |||||||||||
(in thousands) | Capital | Asset | ||||||||||
Markets | Management | Corporate | Consolidated | |||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | $ | 81,823 | $ | 487 | $ | — | $ | 82,310 | ||||
Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net | 52,730 | — | — | 52,730 | ||||||||
Servicing fees | — | 72,681 | — | 72,681 | ||||||||
Property sales broker fees | 23,398 | — | — | 23,398 | ||||||||
Net warehouse interest income, loans held for sale | 3,530 | — | — | 3,530 | ||||||||
Net warehouse interest income, loans held for investment | — | 1,243 | — | 1,243 | ||||||||
Escrow earnings and other interest income | — | 1,758 | 45 | 1,803 | ||||||||
Other revenues | 2,763 | 34,897 | 44,089 | 81,749 | ||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 164,244 | $ | 111,066 | $ | 44,134 | $ | 319,444 | ||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||
Personnel | $ | 98,726 | $ | 18,638 | $ | 26,817 | $ | 144,181 | ||||
Amortization and depreciation | — | 54,931 | 1,221 | 56,152 | ||||||||
Provision (benefit) for credit losses |
| — |
| (9,498) |
| — |
| (9,498) | ||||
Interest expense on corporate debt |
| — |
| — |
| 6,405 |
| 6,405 | ||||
Other operating expenses |
| 6,111 |
| 6,119 |
| 19,984 |
| 32,214 | ||||
Total expenses | $ | 104,837 | $ | 70,190 | $ | 54,427 | $ | 229,454 | ||||
Income from operations | $ | 59,407 | $ | 40,876 | $ | (10,293) | $ | 89,990 | ||||
Income tax expense |
| 12,847 | 8,839 | (2,226) |
| 19,460 | ||||||
Net income before noncontrolling interests | $ | 46,560 | $ | 32,037 | $ | (8,067) | $ | 70,530 | ||||
Less: net income (loss) from noncontrolling interests |
| — |
| (679) |
| — |
| (679) | ||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | $ | 46,560 | $ | 32,716 | $ | (8,067) | $ | 71,209 | ||||
Total assets | $ | 1,398,272 | $ | 2,573,112 | $ | 368,247 | $ | 4,339,631 |
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As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||
Segment Results and Total Assets | Servicing & | |||||||||||
(in thousands) | Capital | Asset | ||||||||||
Markets | Management | Corporate | Consolidated | |||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | $ | 75,295 | $ | 584 | $ | — | $ | 75,879 | ||||
Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net | 57,935 | — | — | 57,935 | ||||||||
Servicing fees | — | 65,978 | — | 65,978 | ||||||||
Property sales broker fees | 9,042 | — | — | 9,042 | ||||||||
Net warehouse interest income, loans held for sale | 2,459 | — | — | 2,459 | ||||||||
Net warehouse interest income, loans held for investment | — | 2,096 | — | 2,096 | ||||||||
Escrow earnings and other interest income | — | 1,999 | 118 | 2,117 | ||||||||
Other revenues | 2,560 | 7,508 | (1,286) | 8,782 | ||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 147,291 | $ | 78,165 | $ | (1,168) | $ | 224,288 | ||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||
Personnel | $ | 72,635 | $ | 7,111 | $ | 16,469 | $ | 96,215 | ||||
Amortization and depreciation | 521 | 45,378 | 972 | 46,871 | ||||||||
Provision (benefit) for credit losses |
| — |
| (11,320) |
| — |
| (11,320) | ||||
Interest expense on corporate debt |
| — |
| — |
| 1,765 |
| 1,765 | ||||
Other operating expenses |
| 3,402 |
| 2,253 |
| 11,932 |
| 17,587 | ||||
Total expenses | $ | 76,558 | $ | 43,422 | $ | 31,138 | $ | 151,118 | ||||
Income from operations | $ | 70,733 | $ | 34,743 | $ | (32,306) | $ | 73,170 | ||||
Income tax expense |
| 14,615 | 7,178 | (6,675) |
| 15,118 | ||||||
Net income before noncontrolling interests | $ | 56,118 | $ | 27,565 | $ | (25,631) | $ | 58,052 | ||||
Less: net income (loss) from noncontrolling interests |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — | ||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | $ | 56,118 | $ | 27,565 | $ | (25,631) | $ | 58,052 | ||||
Total assets | $ | 1,394,741 | $ | 1,402,627 | $ | 406,597 | $ | 3,203,965 |
NOTE 12—VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
The Company, through its subsidiary Alliant, provides alternative investment management services through the syndication of tax credit funds and the joint development of affordable housing projects. To facilitate the syndication and development of affordable housing projects, the Company is involved with the acquisition and/or formation of limited partnerships and joint ventures with investors, property developers, and property managers that are VIEs. The Company’s continuing involvement in the VIEs usually includes either serving as the manager of the VIE (as is the case in the tax credit funds) or as a majority investor in the VIE with a third-party property developer or property manager serving as the manager of the VIE.
A detailed discussion of the Company’s accounting policies regarding the consolidation of VIEs and significant transactions involving VIEs is included in NOTE 2 and NOTE 17 of the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K.
During the first quarter of 2022, the operating agreement of one of the Company’s joint ventures changed, resulting in the Company gaining the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the joint venture; previously, the Company only held rights to receive the significant economic benefits of the joint venture. The Company reassessed its consolidation conclusion and determined that it was the primary beneficiary and as a result consolidated the joint venture as of as March 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the assets and liabilities of the consolidated tax credit funds were immaterial.
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The table below presents the assets and liabilities of the Company’s consolidated joint development VIEs included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Consolidated VIEs (in thousands): |
| March 31, 2022 |
| December 31, 2021 | ||
Assets: | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 321 | $ | — | ||
Restricted cash | 849 | — | ||||
Receivables, net | 35,675 | — | ||||
Other Assets | 59,283 | 54,880 | ||||
Total assets of consolidated VIEs | $ | 96,128 | $ | 54,880 | ||
Liabilities: | ||||||
Other liabilities | $ | 40,778 | $ | 36,480 | ||
Total liabilities of consolidated VIEs | $ | 40,778 | $ | 36,480 | ||
The table below presents the carrying value and classification of the Company’s interests in nonconsolidated VIEs included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Nonconsolidated VIEs (in thousands): | March 31, 2022 |
| December 31, 2021 | |||
Assets | ||||||
Committed investments in tax credit equity | $ | 223,771 | $ | 177,322 | ||
Other assets: Equity-method investments | 54,335 | 74,997 | ||||
Total interests in nonconsolidated VIEs | $ | 278,106 | $ | 252,319 | ||
Liabilities | ||||||
Commitments to fund investments in tax credit equity | 206,605 | 162,747 | ||||
Total commitments to fund nonconsolidated VIEs | $ | 206,605 | $ | 162,747 | ||
Maximum exposure to losses(1)(2) | $ | 278,106 | $ | 252,319 | ||
(1) | Maximum exposure determined as Total interests in nonconsolidated VIEs. The maximum exposure for the Company’s investments in tax credit equity is limited to the carrying value of its investment, as there are no funding obligations or other commitments related to the nonconsolidated VIEs other than the amounts presented in the table above. |
(2) | Based on historical experience and the underlying expected cash flows from the underlying investment, the maximum exposure of loss is not representative of the actual loss, if any, that the Company may incur. |
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Item 2. Management'sManagement's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“(“Form 10-Q”10-Q”). The following discussion contains, in addition to historical information, forward-looking statements that include risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or contemplated in those forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under the headings “Forward-Looking Statements”“Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors”“Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (“20202021 (“2021 Form 10-K”10-K”).
Forward-Looking Statements
Some of the statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Walker && Dunlop, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company,” “Walker &“Company,” “Walker & Dunlop,” “we,”” “we,” or “us”“us”), may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, projections, plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,”“may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” or “potential”“potential” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases which are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and which do not relate solely to historical matters. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans, or intentions.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q reflect our current views about future events and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and changes in circumstances that may cause actual results to differ significantly from those expressed or contemplated in any forward-looking statement. Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, may be forward-looking:
the future of the Federal National Mortgage Association |
the general volatility and global economic disruption caused by the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential impact on our business operations, financial results and cash flows and liquidity; |
● | changes to and trends in the interest rate environment and its impact on our business; |
our growth strategy; |
our projected financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations; |
our ability to obtain and maintain warehouse and other loan funding arrangements; |
our ability to make future dividend payments or repurchase shares of our common stock; |
availability of and our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel and our ability to develop and retain relationships with borrowers, key principals, and lenders; |
degree and nature of our competition; |
changes in governmental regulations, policies, and |
our ability to comply with the laws, rules, and regulations applicable to us, including additional regulatory requirements for broker-dealer and other financial services |
our ability to |
trends in the commercial real estate finance market, commercial real estate values, the credit and capital markets, or the general economy, including demand for multifamily housing and rent growth; |
general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common stock; |
our and our service providers’ ability to prevent, detect, and mitigate cybersecurity risks; and |
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other risks and uncertainties associated with our business described in our |
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While forward-looking statements reflect our good-faith projections, assumptions, and expectations, they are not guarantees of future results. Furthermore, we disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, data or methods, future events or other changes, except as required by applicable law. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could cause future results to differ materially from those expressed or contemplated in any forward-looking statements, see “Risk“Risk Factors.””
Business
Overview
We are one of thea leading commercial real estate (i) services, (ii) finance, and finance companies(iii) technology company in the United States, withStates. Through strategic investments in people, brand, and technology, we have built a primary focus ondiversified suite of commercial real estate services to meet the needs of our customers. Our services include (i) multifamily lending, property sales, appraisal, valuation, and research, (ii) commercial real estate debt brokerage and property sales. We were the largest lender to multifamily propertiesadvisory, (iii) investment management, and the fourth largest overall commercial real estate lender in the country in 2020.(iv) affordable housing lending, development, and investment. We leverage our technological resources and investments to (i) provide an enhanced experience for our customers, (ii) identify refinancing and other financial opportunities for ournew and existing customers, and (iii) identify potential new customers.drive efficiencies in our internal processes. We believe our people, brand, and technology provide us with a competitive advantage, as evidenced by the fact that 76%61% of refinancing volumes in the quarter werebeing new loans to us and 27%19% of total transaction volumes werecoming from new customers.
We have beenare one of the largest lenders to multifamily properties and commercial real estate in business for more than 80 years;the country. We originate, sell, and service a range of multifamily and other commercial real estate financing products, including loans through the programs of Fannie Mae Delegated Underwriting and Servicing™ ("DUS"Freddie Mac (the “GSEs”) lender since 1988, when the DUS program began; a lender with the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), and the Federal Housing Administration, a division of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (together with Ginnie Mae, “HUD”“HUD”) since acquiring a HUD license in 2009;(collectively, the “Agencies”). We retain servicing rights and a Freddie Mac Multifamily approved seller/servicerasset management responsibilities on substantially all loans that we originate for Conventional Loans.the Agencies’ programs. We originate, sell,broker, and occasionally service, a range of multifamilyloans for many life insurance companies, commercial banks, and other commercial real estate financing products,institutional investors, in which cases we do not fund the loan but rather act as a loan broker.
We provide multifamily property sales brokerage and appraisal and valuation services and engage in commercial real estate investment management activities.activities, including a focus on the affordable housing sector through low-income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) syndication. We engage in the development and preservation of affordable housing projects through joint ventures with real estate developers and the management of funds focused on affordable housing. We provide housing market research and real estate-related investment banking and advisory services, which provides our clients and us with market insight into many areas of the housing market. Our clients are owners and developers of multifamily properties and other commercial real estate assets across the country, some of whom are the largest owners and developers in the industry. We originate and sell multifamily loans through the programs of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and HUD (collectively, the “Agencies”). We retain servicing rights and asset management responsibilities on substantially all loans that we originate for the Agencies’ programs. We are approved as a Fannie Mae DUS lender nationally, an approved Freddie Mac Multifamily Optigo® Seller/Servicer (“Freddie Mac lender”) nationally for Conventional, Seniors Housing, Targeted Affordable Housing, and small balance loans, a HUD Multifamily Accelerated Processing (“MAP”) lender nationally, a HUD Section 232 LEAN (“LEAN”) lender nationally, and a Ginnie Mae issuer. We broker, and occasionally service, loans for many life insurance companies, commercial banks, and other institutional investors, in which cases we do not fund the loan but rather act as a loan broker. We also underwrite, service, and asset-manage interim loans.shorter term loans on commercial real estate. Most of these shorter-term interim loans are closed through a joint venture or through separate accounts managed by our investment management subsidiary, Walker && Dunlop Investment Partners, Inc. (“WDIP”(“WDIP”). ThoseSome of these interim loans notare closed by the joint venture or WDIP are originatedand retained by us through our Interim Program JV or Interim Loan Program (as defined below in Principal Lending and presented onInvesting). We are a leader in commercial real estate technology, developing and acquiring technology resources that (i) provide innovative solutions and a better experience for our customers and (ii) allow us to reach a broader customer base.
On February 28, 2022, we acquired GeoPhy B.V. (“GeoPhy”), a leading commercial real estate technology company based in the Netherlands. We plan to use GeoPhy’s data analytics and technology development capabilities to accelerate the growth of our small balance sheet as loans held for investment.lending platform and our technology-enabled appraisal and valuation platform, Apprise.
Walker && Dunlop, Inc. is a holding company. We conduct the majority of our operations through Walker && Dunlop, LLC, our operating company.
Segments
In the first quarter of 2022, as a result of the Company’s growth and recent acquisitions, our chief operating decision maker began making decisions and assessing performance based on the following three operating segments: (i) Capital Markets (“CM”), (ii) Servicing & Asset Management (“SAM”), and (iii) Corporate. The operating segments are determined based on the product or service provided and reflect the
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manner in which management is currently evaluating the Company’s financial information. The CM and SAM segments and related services are described in the following paragraphs.
The Corporate segment consists primarily of our treasury operations and other corporate-level activities. Our treasury operations include monitoring and managing our liquidity and funding, including our corporate debt. The major other corporate-level functions include our strategic equity-method investments, information technology, legal, human resources, marketing, accounting, internal audit, and various other corporate groups.
Capital Markets
Capital Markets provides a comprehensive range of commercial real estate finance products to our customers, including Agency lending, debt brokerage, property sales, and appraisal and valuation services. Our long-established relationships with the Agencies and institutional investors enable us to offer a broad range of loan products and services to our customers. We provide property sales services to owners and developers of multifamily properties and commercial real estate and multifamily property appraisals for various investors. The primary services within CM are described below.
Agency Lending
We are one the leading lenders with the Agencies, where we originate and Loan Servicingsell to the Agencies multifamily, manufactured housing communities, student housing, affordable housing, seniors housing and small balance multifamily loans. For additional information on our Agency Lending services, refer to Item 1. Business in our 2021 Form 10-K.
We recognize loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net and the fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net from our lending with the Agencies when we commit to both originate a loan with a borrower and sell that loan to an investor. The loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net and the fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net for these transactions reflect the fair value attributable to loan origination fees, premiums on the sale of loans, net of any co-broker fees, and the fair value of the expected net cash flows associated with servicing the loans, net of any guaranty obligations retained.
We generally fund our Agency loan products through warehouse facility financing and sell them to investors in accordance with the related loan sale commitment, which we obtain concurrent with rate lock. Proceeds from the sale of the loan are used to pay off the warehouse facility borrowing. The sale of the loan is typically completed within 60 days after the loan is closed. We earn net warehouse interest income from loans held for sale while they are outstanding equal to the difference between the note rate on the loan and the cost of borrowing of the warehouse facility.
Our loan commitments and loans held for sale are currently not exposed to unhedged interest rate risk during the loan commitment, closing, and delivery process. The sale or placement of each loan to an investor is negotiated at the same time we establish the coupon rate for the loan. We also seek to mitigate the risk of a loan not closing by collecting good faith deposits from the borrower. The deposit is returned to the borrower only once the loan is closed. Any potential loss from a catastrophic change in the property condition while the loan is held for sale using warehouse facility financing is mitigated through property insurance equal to replacement cost. We are also protected contractually from an investor’s failure to purchase the loan. We have experienced an immaterial number of failed deliveries in our history and have incurred immaterial losses on such failed deliveries.
As part of our overall growth strategy, we are focused on significantly growing and investing in our small-balance multifamily lending platform, which involves a high volume of transactions with smaller loan balances. In support of this product, we acquired a company named TapCap during the second quarter of 2021. TapCap has a technology platform that streamlines and accelerates the quoting, processing, and underwriting of small-balance, multifamily loans. Additionally, the technology platform provides the borrower with a web-based, user-friendly interface, enhancing the borrower’s experience during the origination process. As noted above, during the first quarter of 2022, we acquired GeoPhy, a leading commercial real estate technology company based in the Netherlands, to support our small-balance lending platform in data analytics and to further advance our technology development capabilities in this area.
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Debt Brokerage
Our mortgage bankers who focus on debt brokerage are engaged by borrowers to work with a variety of institutional lenders to find the most appropriate loan instrument for the borrowers’ needs. These loans are then funded directly by the institutional lender, and we receive an origination fee for placing the loan.
Property Sales
We offer property sales brokerage services to owners and developers of multifamily properties that are seeking to sell these properties through our subsidiary Walker & Dunlop Investment Sales, LLC (“WDIS”). Through these property sales brokerage services, we seek to maximize proceeds and certainty of closure for our clients using our knowledge of the commercial real estate and capital markets and relying on our experienced transaction professionals. We receive a sales commission for brokering the sale of these multifamily assets on behalf of our clients, and we often are able to provide financing to the purchaser of the properties through our Agency or debt brokerage teams. Our property sales services are offered in various regions throughout the United States. We have increased the number of property sales brokers and the geographical reach of our investment sales platform over the past several years through hiring and acquisitions and intend to continue this expansion in support of our growth strategy.
Appraisal and Valuation Services
We offer multifamily appraisal and valuation services though our subsidiary Apprise by Walker & Dunlop (“Apprise”). Apprise leverages technology and data science to dramatically improve the consistency, transparency, and speed of multifamily property appraisals in the U.S. through the licensing of our technology and leveraging of our expertise in the commercial real estate industry. Prior to the GeoPhy acquisition, we owned a 50% interest in Apprise and accounted for the interest as an equity-method investment. Apprise’s operations continue to rapidly grow, with significant increases in the volume of appraisal reports generated and a client list that includes several national commercial real estate lenders.
Servicing & Asset Management
Servicing & Asset Management focuses on (i) servicing and asset-managing the portfolio of loans we originate and sell to the Agencies, we service for certain life insurance companies, and we originate through our principal lending and investing activities, (ii) managing of third-party capital invested in funds focused on the affordable housing sector and other commercial real estate, and (iii) real estate-related investment banking and advisory services, including housing market research. We earn servicing fees for overseeing the loans in our servicing portfolio and asset management fees for the capital invested in our funds. Additionally, we earn subscription fees for our housing related research, and we earn revenue through net interest income on the loans and the warehouse interest expense for loans held for investment. The primary services within SAM are described below.
Loan Servicing
We retain servicing rights and asset management responsibilities on substantially all of our Agency loan products that we originate and sell and generate cash revenues from the fees we receive for servicing the loans, from the interest income on escrow deposits held on behalf of
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borrowers, and from other ancillary fees relating to servicing the loans. Servicing fees, which are based on servicing fee rates set at the time an investor agrees to purchase the loan and on the unpaid principal balance of the loan, are generally paid monthly for the duration of the loan. Our Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac servicing arrangements generally provide for prepayment protection to us in the event of a voluntary prepayment. For loans serviced outside of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, we typically do not have similar prepayment protections. For most loans we service under the Fannie Mae DUS program, we are required to advance the principal and interest payments and guarantee fees for four months should a borrower cease making payments under the terms of their loan, including while that loan is in forbearance. After advancing for four months, we may request reimbursement by Fannie Mae for the principal and interest advances, and Fannie Mae will reimburse us for these advances within 60 days of the request. Under the Ginnie Mae program, we are obligated to advance the principal and interest payments and guarantee fees until the HUD loan is brought current, fully paid or assigned to HUD. We are eligible to assign a loan to HUD once it is in default for 30 days. If the loan is not brought current, or the loan otherwise defaults, we are not reimbursed for our advances until such time as we assign the loan to HUD or work out a payment modification for the borrower. For loans in default, we may repurchase those loans out of the Ginnie Mae security, at which time our advance requirements cease and we may then modify and resell the loan or assign the loan back to
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HUD and be reimbursed for our advances. We are not obligated to make advances on the loans we service under the Freddie Mac Optigo®Optigo® program and our bank and life insurance company servicing agreements.
Our loan commitments and loans held for sale are currently not exposed to unhedged interest rate risk during the loan commitment, closing, and delivery process. The sale or placement of each loan to an investor is negotiated at the same time we establish the coupon rate for the loan. We also seek to mitigate the risk of a loan not closing by collecting good faith deposits from the borrower. The deposit is returned to the borrower only once the loan is closed. Any potential loss from a catastrophic change in the property condition while the loan is held for sale using warehouse facility financing is mitigated through property insurance equal to replacement cost. We are also protected contractually from an investor’s failure to purchase the loan. We have experienced an immaterial number of failed deliveries in our history and have incurred immaterial losses on such failed deliveries.
We have risk-sharing obligations on substantially all loans we originate under the Fannie Mae DUS program. When a Fannie Mae DUS loan is subject to full risk-sharing, we absorb losses on the first 5% of the unpaid principal balance of a loan at the time of loss settlement, and above 5% we share a percentage of the loss with Fannie Mae, with our maximum loss capped at 20% of the original unpaid principal balance of the loan (subject to doubling or tripling if the loan does not meet specific underwriting criteria or if the loan defaults within 12 months of its sale to Fannie Mae). Our full risk-sharing is currently limited to loans up to $300 million, which equates to a maximum loss per loan of $60 million (such exposure would occur in the event that the underlying collateral is determined to be completely without value at the time of loss). For loans in excess of $300 million, we receive modified risk-sharing. We also may request modified risk-sharing at the time of origination on loans below $300 million, which reduces our potential risk-sharing losses from the levels described above if we do not believe that we are being fully compensated for the risks of the transaction. The full risk-sharing limit prior to June 30, 2021 was less than $300 million. Accordingly, loans originated prior to then may behave been subject to modified risk-sharing at much lower levels.
Our servicing fees for risk-sharing loans include compensation for the risk-sharing obligations and are larger than the servicing fees we would receive from Fannie Mae for loans with no risk-sharing obligations. We receive a lower servicing fee for modified risk-sharing than for full risk-sharing.
As part of our overall growth strategy, we are focused on significantly growing and investing in our small-balance lending platform, which involves a high volume of transactions with smaller loan balances. In support of this product, we acquired a company with a technology platform that streamlines and accelerates the quoting, processing, and underwriting of small-balance, multifamily loans. Additionally, the technology platform provides the borrower with a web-based, user-friendly interface, enhancing the borrower’s experience during the origination process.
Debt Brokerage
Our mortgage bankers who focus on debt brokerage are engaged by borrowers to work with a variety of institutional lenders to find the most appropriate loan instrument for the borrowers' needs. These loans are then funded directly by the institutional lender, and we receive an origination fee for placing the loan. For those brokered loans we also service, we collect ongoing servicing fees while those loans remain in our servicing portfolio. The servicing fees we typically earn on brokered loan transactions are substantially lower than the servicing fees we earn for servicing loans with the Agencies.on Agency loans.
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Principal Lending and Investing
Our Interim Program is composed of the loans held by the Interim Program JV and the Interim Loan Program as described below. Through a joint venture with an affiliate of Blackstone Mortgage Trust, Inc., we offer short-term senior secured debt financing products that provide floating-rate, interest-only loans for terms of generally up to three years to experienced borrowers seeking to acquire or reposition multifamily properties that do not currently qualify for permanent financing (the “Interim“Interim Program JV”JV” or the “joint venture”“joint venture”). The joint venture funds its operations using a combination of equity contributions from its owners and third-party credit facilities. We hold a 15% ownership interest in the Interim Program JV and are responsible for sourcing, underwriting, servicing, and asset-managing the loans originated by the joint venture. The Interim Program JV assumes full risk of loss while the loans it originates are outstanding, while we assume risk commensurate with our 15% ownership interest.
Using a combination of our own capital and warehouse debt financing, we offer interim loans that do not meet the criteria of the Interim Program JV (the “Interim“Interim Loan Program”Program”). We underwrite, service, and asset-manage all loans executed through the Interim Loan Program. We originate and hold these Interim Loan Program loans for investment, which are included on our balance sheet, and during the time that these loans are outstanding, we assume the full risk of loss. The ultimate goal of the Interim Loan Program is to provide permanent Agency financing on these transitional properties.
Affordable Housing and Other Commercial Real Estate-related Investment Management Services
We provide affordable housing investment management services through our subsidiary, Alliant Capital, Ltd and its affiliates (“Alliant”). Alliant is one of the largest tax credit syndicators and affordable housing developers in the U.S. and provides alternative investment management services focused on the affordable housing sector through LIHTC syndication, development of affordable housing projects through joint ventures, and affordable housing preservation fund management. Our affordable housing investment management services works with our developer clients to identify properties that will generate LIHTCs and meet our affordable investors’ needs, and forms limited partnership funds (“LIHTC funds”) with third-party investors that invest in the limited partnership interests in these properties. Alliant serves as the general partner of these LIHTC funds, and it receives fees, such as asset management fees, and a portion of refinance and disposition proceeds as compensation for its work as the general partner of the fund. Additionally, Alliant earns a syndication fee from the LIHTC funds for the identification, organization, and acquisition of affordable housing projects that generate LIHTCs.
We invest, as the managing or non-managing member of joint ventures, with developers of affordable housing projects that generate LIHTCs. These joint ventures earn developer fees, operating cash and sale / refinance proceeds from the properties they develop, and we receive the portion of the economic benefits commensurate with its investment in the joint ventures. Additionally, Alliant also invests with third-party investors (either in a fund or joint-venture structure) with the goal of preserving affordability on multifamily properties coming out of the LIHTC 15-year compliance period or on which market forces are likely to keep the properties affordable. Through these preservation funds,
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Alliant may receive acquisition and asset management fees and will receive a portion of the operating cash and capital appreciation upon sale through a promote structure.
Through our subsidiary, WDIP and its subsidiaries, we function as the operator of a private commercial real estate investment adviser focused on the management of debt, preferred equity, and mezzanine equity investments in middle-market commercial real estate funds. The activities of WDIP a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, are part of our strategy to grow and diversify our operations by growing our investment management platform. WDIP’s’s current assets under management (“AUM”(“AUM”) of $1.4$1.3 billion primarily consist of five sources: Fund III, Fund IV, Fund V, and Fund VI (collectively, the “Funds”“Funds”), and separate accounts managed for life insurance companies. AUM for the Funds and for the separate accounts consists of both unfunded commitments and funded investments. Unfunded commitments are highest during the fund raisingfundraising and investment phases. WDIP receives management fees based on both unfunded commitments and funded investments. Additionally, with respect to the Funds, WDIP receives a percentage of the return above the fund return hurdle rate specified in the fund agreements.
Property Sales
We offer property sales brokerage services to owners and developers of multifamily properties that are seeking to sell these properties through our subsidiary Walker & Dunlop Investment Sales, LLC (“WDIS”). Through these property sales brokerage services, we seek to maximize proceeds and certainty of closure for our clients using our knowledge of the commercial real estate and capital markets and relying on our experienced transaction professionals. We receive a sales commission for brokering the sale of these multifamily assets on behalf of our clients, and we often are able to provide financing to the purchaser of the properties through our Agency or debt brokerage teams. Our property sales services are offered in various regions throughout the United States. We have increased the number of property sales brokers and the geographical reach of our investment sales platform over the past several years through hiring and acquisitions and intend to continue this expansion in support of our growth strategy.
Appraisal Services
We have a joint venture branded Apprise by Walker & Dunlop with an international technology services company to offer automated multifamily appraisal services (“Appraisal JV”). The Appraisal JV leverages technology and data science to dramatically improve the consistency, transparency, and speed of multifamily property appraisals in the U.S. through the licensing of our partner’s technology and leveraging of our expertise in the commercial real estate industry. We own a 50% interest in the Appraisal JV and account for the interest as an equity-method investment. While the operations of the Appraisal JV for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 were immaterial, the Appraisal JV’s operations continue to rapidly grow with significant increases in the volume of appraisal reports generated and a client list that includes several national commercial real estate lenders.
Housing Market Research and Real Estate Investment Banking Services
During the third quarter of 2021, we closed on the acquisition of certain assets and the assumption of certain liabilities of Zelman Holdings, LLC (“Zelman”) throughWe own a 75% interest in a newly formed entity, which doessubsidiary doing business as Zelman & Associates.& Associates (“Zelman”). Zelman is a nationally recognized housing market research and investment banking firm that will enhance the information we provide to our clients and increase our access to high-quality market insight in many areas of the housing market, including construction trends, demographics, mortgage
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finance, and real estate technology and services. Zelman generates revenues through the sale of its housing market research data and related publications to banks, investment banks and other financial institutions, and through its offering of real estate-related investment banking and advisory services.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all of the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, and all intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”(“GAAP”), which requires management to make estimates based on certain judgments and assumptions that are inherently uncertain and affect reported amounts. The estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors management believes to be reasonable. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions and the use of different judgments and assumptions may have a material impact on our results. We believe theThe following critical accounting estimates represent the areas where moreinvolve significant judgments and estimatesestimation uncertainty that may have or are used in the preparationreasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of our condensed consolidated financial statements.operations. Additional information about our critical accounting estimates and other significant accounting policies are discussed in NOTE 2 of the consolidated financial statements in our 20202021 Form 10-K.
Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSRs”(“MSRs”). MSRs are recorded at fair value at loan sale or upon purchase. The fair value at loan sale (“OMSR”(“OMSR”) is based on estimates of expected net cash flows associated with the servicing rights and takes into consideration an estimate of loan prepayment. Initially, the fair value amount is included as a component of the derivative asset fair value at the loan commitment date. The estimated net cash flows from servicing, which includes assumptions for discount rate, escrow earnings, prepayment speed, and servicing costs, are discounted at a rate that reflects the credit and liquidity risk of the OMSR over the estimated life of the underlying loan. The discount rates used throughout the periods presented for all OMSRs were between 8-14% during 20212022 and between 10-15% during 20202021 and varied based on the loan type. The life of the underlying loan is estimated giving consideration to the prepayment provisions in the loan and assumptions about loan behaviors around those provisions. Our model for OMSRs assumes no prepayment prior to the expiration of the prepayment provisions and full prepayment of the loan at or near the point when the prepayment provisions have expired. The estimated net cash flows also include cash flows related to the future earnings on the escrow accounts associated with servicing the loans that are based on an escrow earnings rate assumption. We include a servicing cost assumption to account for our expected costs to service a loan. The servicing cost assumption has not had a material impact on the estimate. We record an individual OMSR asset (or liability) for each loan at loan sale. The fair value of MSRs acquired through a stand-alone servicing portfolio purchase (“PMSR”(“PMSR”) is equal to the purchase price paid. For PMSRs, we record and amortize a portfolio-level MSR asset based on the estimated remaining life of the portfolio using the prepayment characteristics of the portfolio.
The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of capitalized OMSRs are developed internally and are periodically compared to assumptions used by other market participants. Due to the relatively few transactions in the multifamily MSR market and the lack of significant changes in assumptions by market participants, we have experienced limited volatility in the assumptions historically, including the most significant assumption –that most significantly impacts the estimate – the discount rate. We do not expect to see significant volatility in the assumptions for
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the foreseeable future. We actively monitor the assumptions used and make adjustments to those assumptions when market conditions change, or other factors indicate such adjustments are warranted. During the first quarter of 2021, we reduced the discount rate and escrow earnings rate assumptions for our OMSRs. We engage a third party to assist in determining an estimated fair value of our existing and outstanding MSRs on at least a semi-annual basis. Changes in our discount rate assumptions may materially impact the fair value of the MSRs (NOTE 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements details the portfolio-level impact of a change in the discount rate).
For PMSRs, a constant rate of prepayments and defaults is included in the determination of the portfolio’sportfolio’s estimated life at purchase (and thus included as a component of the portfolio’sportfolio’s amortization). Accordingly, prepayments and defaults of individual loans do not change the level of amortization expense recorded for the portfolio unless the pattern of actual prepayments and defaults varies significantly from the estimated pattern. When such a significant difference in the pattern of estimated and actual prepayments and defaults occurs, we prospectively adjust the estimated life of the portfolio (and thus future amortization) to approximate the actual pattern observed. We have made adjustments to the estimated life of our PMSRs in the past when the actual experience of prepayments differed materially from the estimated prepayments.
Allowance for Risk-Sharing Obligations. This reserve liability (referred to as “allowance”“allowance”) for risk-sharing obligations relates to our Fannie Mae at-risk servicing portfolio and is presented as a separate liability on our balance sheets. We record an estimate of the loss reserve for the current expected credit losses (“CECL”(“CECL”) for all loans in our Fannie Mae at-risk servicing portfolio using the weighted-average remaining maturity method (“WARM”(“WARM”). WARM uses an average annual loss rate that contains loss content over multiple vintages and loan terms and is
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used as a foundation for estimating the CECL reserve. The average annual loss rate is applied to the estimated unpaid principal balance over the contractual term, adjusted for estimated prepayments and amortization to arrive at the CECL reserve for the entire current portfolio as described further below. We currently use one year for our reasonable and supportable forecast period (“(“forecast period”period”) as we believe forecasts beyond one year are inherently less reliable. During the forecast period, we apply an adjusted loss factor associated withbased on loss rates form a similar historical period.period that we believe is similar. We revert to the historical loss rate over a one-year period on a straight-line basis. Over the past couple of years, the loss rate used in the forecast period has been updated to reflect our expectations of the economic conditions. Changes in the loss rate used in the forecast period have materially impacted the estimate in the past.
One of the key components of a WARM calculation is the runoff rate, which is the expected rate at which loans in the current portfolio will amortize and prepay in the future.future based on our historical prepayment and amortization experience. We group loans by similar origination dates (vintage) and contractual maturity terms for purposes of calculating the runoff rate. We originate loans under the DUS program with various terms generally ranging from several years to 15 years; each of these various loan terms has a different runoff rate. The runoff rates applied to each vintage and contractual maturity term is determined using historical data; however, changes in prepayment and amortization behavior may significantly impact the estimate.
The weighted-average annual loss rate is calculated using a rolling 10-year look-back period, utilizing the average portfolio balance and settled losses for each year. A 10-year period is used as we believe that this period of time includes sufficiently different economic conditions to generate a reasonable estimate of expected results in the future, given the relatively long-term nature of the current portfolio. As the weighted-average annual loss rate utilizes a rolling 10-year look-back period, the loss rate used in the estimate will change as loss data from earlier periods in the look-back period continue to fall off and as new loss data are added. For example, in the first quarter of 2022, loss data from earlier periods in the look-back period fell off and were replaced with more recent loss data, resulting in the weighted-average annual loss rate changing from 1.8 basis points to 1.2 basis points. Changes in our expectations and forecasts have materially impacted, and in the future may materially impact, the estimate.
We evaluate our risk-sharing loans on a quarterly basis to determine whether there are loans that are probable of default. Specifically, we assess a loan’sloan’s qualitative and quantitative risk factors, such as payment status, property financial performance, local real estate market conditions, loan-to-value ratio, debt-service-coverage ratio, and property condition. When a loan is determined to be probable of default based on these factors, we remove the loan from the WARM calculation and individually assess the loan for potential credit loss. This assessment requires certain judgments and assumptions to be made regarding the property values and other factors that may differ significantly from actual results. Loss settlement with Fannie Mae has historically concluded within 18 to 36 months after foreclosure. Historically, the initial collateral-based reserves have not varied significantly from the final settlement.
We actively monitor the judgments and assumptions used in our Allowance for Risk-Sharing Obligation estimate and make adjustments to those assumptions when market conditions change, or when other factors indicate such adjustments are warranted. We believe the level of Allowance for Risk-Sharing Obligation is appropriate based on our expectations of future market conditions; however, changes in one or more of the judgments or assumptions used above could have a significant impact on the estimate.
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Contingent Consideration Liabilities. The Company typically includes an earnout as part of the consideration paid for acquisitions to align the long-term interests of the acquiree with the Company. These earnouts contain milestones for achievement, which typically are revenue, revenue-like, or productivity measurements. If the milestone is achieved, the acquiree is paid the additional consideration. Upon acquisition, the Company is required to estimate the fair value of the earnout and include that fair value measurement as a component of the total consideration paid in the calculation of goodwill. The fair value of the earnout is recorded as a contingent consideration liability and included within Other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We are also required to continue to record the contingent consideration at fair value at each reporting period.
The determination of the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities requires significant management judgment and unobservable inputs to (i) determine forecasts and scenarios of future revenues, net cash flows and certain other performance metrics, (ii) assign a probability of achievement for the forecasts and scenarios, and (iii) select a discount rate. A Monte Carlo simulation analysis is used to determine many iterations of potential fair values. The average of these iterations is then used to determine the estimated fair value. We typically obtain the assistance of third-party valuation specialists to assist with the fair value estimation. The probability of the earn-out achievement is based on management’s estimate of the expected future performance and other financial metrics of each of the acquired entities, which are subject to significant uncertainty. On occasion, we may also use a probability weighted estimated return model to (i) provide an additional data point for a Monte Carlo simulation and (ii) to calculate the fair value of contingent consideration for immaterial acquisitions.
Over the past two quarters, we have made two large acquisitions that included significant portions of contingent consideration. The aggregate fair value of our contingent consideration liabilities as of March 31, 2022 was $218.7 million. This fair value represents management’s best estimate of the discounted cash payments that will be made in the future for all of our contingent consideration arrangements. The maximum remaining undiscounted earnout payments as of March 31, 2022 was $323.8 million. Historically, all of the contingent consideration arrangements have paid out at the maximum achievable amount. We are uncertain whether this trend will continue in the future. Additionally, the earnouts completed in the past have involved substantially smaller amounts of contingent consideration as compared to the two recent acquisitions.
Goodwill. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we reported goodwill of $908.7 million and $698.6 million, respectively. Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the identifiable net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is assigned to the segment to which the acquisition relates. Goodwill is recognized as an asset and is reviewed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter. Between the annual evaluation time, we will perform an evaluation of recoverability when events and circumstances indicate that that it is more-likely-than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying value. Impairment testing requires an assessment of qualitative factors to determine if there are indicators of potential impairment, followed by, if necessary, an assessment of quantitative factors. These factors include, but not limited to, whether there has been a significant or adverse change in the business climate that could affect the value of an asset and/or significant or adverse changes in cash flow projections or earnings forecasts. These assessments require management to make judgements, assumptions, and estimates about projected cash flows, discount rates and other factors. As of March 31, 2022, we continue to believe our goodwill is not impaired.
Overview of Current Business Environment
Entering 2021,The fundamentals of the pandemic continued to impact macroeconomic conditions with U.S. unemployment rates at elevated levels but significantly improved compared to the middle of 2020. Congress passed three pandemic stimulus packages to provide funding for government programs directly supporting households and businesses, which included a total of $47 billion in renter assistance. In the second and third quarters of 2021, vaccination programs across the U.S. accelerated and became widely available to the public, resulting in most jurisdictions eliminating or significantly curtailing economic restrictions. With the lifting of economic restrictions, macroeconomic conditionscommercial real estate market continue to recover withremain strong, particularly multifamily. Over the reported unemployment rate falling to 4.8% as of September 2021 from 6.7% as of December 2020.
To support the economic recovery, the Federal Reserve set the Federal Funds Rate at a target of 0% to 0.25% at the beginning of the pandemic and has maintained that rate through the first nine months of 2021. The Federal Reserve also indicated in its September 2021 meeting that it intends to keep rates at these low levels as the economy continues to recover and until the economy reaches what it believes is full employment. The Federal Reserve also has noted that although the reported unemployment rates have improved significantly, it will monitor and determine whether full employment has been achieved based on a number of factors, including participation rate and wage growth. Although the Federal Reserve has indicated it will begin reducing its purchase of Treasury securities and Agency mortgage-backed securities (“Agency MBS”), the overall improvements in the economy coupled with the low Federal Fund Rate target have kept long-term mortgage interest rates very low, which form the basis for most of our lending.
Multifamilypast two years, multifamily property fundamentals continue to showshowed strength, during the ongoing recovery, with multifamily occupancy rates, demand for new multifamily residential leases, and residential retention rates at record highs. According to RealPage, a provider of commercial real estate data and analytics, occupancy rates have increased to 97.3%97.6% as of September 2021,March 2022, compared to 95.8% as of December 2019, prior to the start of the pandemic. Additionally, residential retentionthe continued demand combined with limited supply of multifamily units drove rental rates reached all-time highs at 58.0% during the third quarterhigher for both new leases and renewals, with rent growth increasing by 15.2% year over year as of 2021. Low vacancyMarch 2022. Higher occupancy rates coupled with high retention rateslimited supply and demand for new leasesrent growth indicate a robust and healthy multifamily market.
Macroeconomic conditions impacting multifamily markets have stabilized in the first quarter of 2022, with the national unemployment rate falling to pre-pandemic lows of 3.6% as of both March 2022 and December 2019. The low unemployment rate coupled with higher inflation rates seen during 2021 and into the first quarter of 2022 resulted in the Federal Reserve increasing its target Federal Funds Rate by 0.25% with a target range of 0.25% to 0.50% and an acceleration of the reduction of its holdings in Treasury securities and Agency mortgage-backed securities (“Agency MBS”). Both of these actions by the Federal Reserve have resulted in an increase in long-term mortgage interest rates, which form the basis of most of our lending.
Our Agency multifamily debt financing operations have remained very active over the past year. We are a market-leading originator with
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the Agencies, and we believe our market leadership positions us well to continue gaining market share and remain a significant lender with the Agencies for the foreseeable future. We expect strength in our Agency operations to continue despite the return of other capital sources.
The FHFA establishes loan origination caps for both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac each year. In October 2021, the FHFA established Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s 2022 loan origination caps at $78 billion each for all multifamily business. In the first quarter of 2022, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had multifamily origination volumes of $16.0 billion and $14.9 billion, respectively, down 25.6% and up 6.4%, respectively, from the first quarter of 2021.
As part FHFA’s 2022 loan origination caps, at least 50% of the GSEs’ multifamily business is required to be targeted towards affordable housing. Additionally, in 2021 the FHFA raised the GSEs’ combined LIHTC investment cap to $1.7 billion, up 70% from the previous cap of $1.0 billion. We intend to leverage our affordable debt financing and our newly acquired LIHTC syndication platforms to create additional growth opportunities for our debt financing, property sales, and LIHTC syndication platforms.
Our debt financing operations with HUD fell during the first quarter of 2022, as we had strong HUD originations during the first quarter of 2021. HUD loan volumes accounted for 4% of our total debt financing volumes for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, compared to 8% for the quarter ended March 31, 2021. The decline in HUD debt financing volumes as a percentage of our total debt financing volumes was driven by a combination of higher HUD debt financing volumes in the first quarter of 2021 and growth in our other debt financing products.
Our originations with the Agencies are our most profitable executions as they provide significant non-cash gains from MSRs that turn into significant cash revenue streams from future servicing fees. During the first quarter of 2022, servicing fees were up 10% compared to the same quarter in 2021, due to the continued growth in our Agency servicing portfolio. A decline in our Agency originations would negatively impact our financial results as our non-cash revenues would decrease disproportionately with debt financing volume and future servicing fee revenue would be constrained or decline.
Our multifamily property sales volumes continued their strong growth into the third quarter of 2021,to grow significantly in 2022, as (i) the multifamily acquisitions market wascontinues to be very active during the past few quarters, including the third quarter of 2021,year and (ii) we havecontinue to leverage the expanded the number of property sales brokers and the geographical reach of our property sales platform, and (iii) our volume in the third quarter of 2020 was lower due to the pandemic.platform. Long term, we believe the market fundamentals will continue to be positive for multifamily property sales. Over the last several years, and in the months leading up tothroughout the pandemic, household formation and a dearth of supply of entry-level single-family homes led to strong demand for rental housing in most geographic areas. Consequently, the fundamentals of the multifamily property sales market were strong prior to the pandemic, and, when combined with high occupancy and retention ratesrent growth and rising real-estate prices, it is our expectation that market demand for multifamily property sales will continue to grow as this asset class remains an attractive investment option.
Our debt brokerage platform continued its strong growth into the third quarter offrom 2021, with brokered volume increasing significantly during the year.first quarter of 2022. The increasesincrease in volume for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 reflectin 2022 reflects the continued demand from private capital providers, with activity focused not only on multifamily but also on other commercial real estate assets such as office and retail. Additionally, our debt brokerage volumes in the third quarter of 2020 were unusually low due to the pandemic. We expect the non-multifamily debt financing volumes to continue to recover over time as other commercial real estate asset classes stabilize post-pandemic.
Our Agency multifamily debt financing operations have remained very active over the past year. We are a market-leading originator with the Agencies, and we believe our market leadership positions us well to continue gaining market share and remain a significant lender with the Agencies for the foreseeable future.
The Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) establishes loan origination caps for both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac each year. In November 2020, FHFA established Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s 2021 loan origination caps at $70 billion each for all multifamily business. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had multifamily origination volumes of $16.3 billion and $17.7 billion, respectively, up 6.5% and down 2.2%, respectively, from the same period in 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had multifamily origination volumes of $48.7 billion and $44.8 billion, respectively, down 0.6% and 7.4%, respectively, from the first nine months of 2020, leaving a combined $46.5 billion of available lending capacity for the remainder of the year. GSE lending volume slowed in the first half of 2021, as the GSEs’ pricing on multifamily debt was less competitive as other capital sources reentered the market, and as the GSEs managed their originations under their lending caps. In the third quarter of 2021, GSE lending accelerated with combined lending up 10.1% in September 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. With a combined $46.5 billion or 33% of available lending capacity remaining, we expect the GSEs’ lending to continue to accelerate in the fourth quarter of 2021. In October 2021, FHFA established Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s 2022 loan origination caps at $78 billion each for all multifamily business, an 11% increase from the 2021 caps.
Our debt financing operations with HUD remained strong during the first nine months of 2021, with HUD loan volumes increasing 40% and 33% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2020. The increase in HUD debt financing volumes were driven by continued strong demand for HUD’s multifamily lending product, which provides borrowers with favorable economics on long-term, fully amortizing debt.
We expect strength in our Agency operations to continue despite the return of other capital sources. An additional positive factor influencing multifamily financing volumes is the historically low interest rate environment, which is incentivizing some borrowers to refinance their properties in spite of the prepayment penalty fees they may incur. We continue to seek additional resources and to scale our Agency lending platform.
Our originations with the Agencies are our most profitable executions as they provide significant non-cash gains from MSRs that turn into significant cash revenue streams from future servicing fees. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, servicing fees are up 17% and 19%, respectively, over the same periods last year due to the record amount of MSRs we generated in 2020. A decline in our Agency originations would negatively impact our financial results as our non-cash revenues would decrease disproportionately with debt financing volume and future servicing fee revenue would be constrained or decline.
We entered into the Interim Program JV to both increase the overall capital available to transitional multifamily properties and to dramatically expand our capacity to originate Interim Program loans. The demand for transitional lending has brought increased competition from lenders, specifically banks, mortgage real estate investment trusts, and life insurance companies. For the third quarter of 2021,ended March 31, 2022, we originated $314.9$86.3 million of Interim Program JV loans, compared to no$144.5 million of originations infor the third quarter of 2020.same period last year. In the third quarter of 2020, we did not originate anyhad few originations of new Interim Program loans as a result of the pandemic. Except for one loan that defaulted in early 2019, the loans in our portfolio and in the Interim Program JV continue to perform as agreed. Our Interim Loan Program has similarly rebounded in the third quarter of 2021, with originations of $157.2 million compared to $37.0 million in the third quarter of 2020.
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In the third quarter of 2021, we entered into a purchase agreement to acquire Alliant Capital, Ltd. and certain of its affiliates (“Alliant”), a privately held alternative investment manager focused on the affordable housing sector through low-income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) syndication, joint venture development, and community preservation fund management. The transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2021, and we expect the combination of Alliant and our existing strong position in the affordable housing space to generate significant financing and property sales opportunities.
In September 2021, the White House announced plans to increase the affordable housing supply across the country. These plans include the relaunching and expansion of programs designed to increase the available capital for the development of affordable housing projects. In conjunction with the announcement, the FHFA raised the GSEs’ combined LIHTC investment cap to $1.7 billion, up 70% from the previous cap of $1.0 billion. Additionally, as part of FHFA’s 2022 loan origination caps of $156 billion announced in October 2021, at least 50% of the GSEs’ multifamily business is required to be targeted towards affordable housing. We expect these initiatives will create additional growth opportunities for both Alliant and our debt financing and property sales teams focused on affordable housing.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following is a discussion of our consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and 2020.2021. The financial results are not necessarily indicative of future results. Our quarterly results have fluctuated in the past and are expected to fluctuate in the future, reflecting the interest-rate environment, the volume of transactions, business acquisitions, regulatory actions, industry trends, and general economic conditions. The table below provides supplemental data regarding our financial performance.
SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATING DATA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended | | | | ||||||||
| | September 30, | | September 30, | | | | ||||||||
(in thousands; except per share data) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 | | 2021 |
| 2020 |
| | | ||||
Transaction Volume: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Components of Debt Financing Volume | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fannie Mae | | $ | 3,271,765 | | $ | 1,977,607 | | $ | 6,716,765 | | $ | 8,911,397 | | | |
Freddie Mac | |
| 2,591,906 | |
| 3,136,313 | |
| 4,607,945 | |
| 5,903,389 | | | |
Ginnie Mae ̶ HUD | |
| 522,093 | |
| 373,480 | |
| 1,816,800 | |
| 1,368,317 | | | |
Brokered(1) | |
| 6,402,862 | |
| 1,711,541 | |
| 16,985,932 | |
| 7,200,926 | | | |
Principal Lending and Investing(2) | |
| 472,142 | |
| 105,488 | |
| 968,629 | |
| 227,529 | | | |
Total Debt Financing Volume | | $ | 13,260,768 | | $ | 7,304,429 | | $ | 31,096,071 | | $ | 23,611,558 | | | |
Property Sales Volume | | | 5,230,093 | | | 1,106,162 | | | 9,967,385 | | | 3,283,463 | | | |
Total Transaction Volume | | $ | 18,490,861 | | $ | 8,410,591 | | $ | 41,063,456 | | $ | 26,895,021 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Key Performance Metrics: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating margin | | | 27 | % | | 28 | % | | 28 | % | | 29 | % | | |
Return on equity | | | 22 | | | 20 | | | 20 | | | 21 | | | |
Walker & Dunlop net income | | $ | 71,721 | | $ | 53,190 | | $ | 185,831 | | $ | 163,078 | | | |
Adjusted EBITDA(3) | | | 72,430 | | | 45,165 | | | 199,611 | | | 157,687 | | | |
Diluted EPS | | | 2.21 | | | 1.66 | | | 5.73 | | | 5.11 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Key Expense Metrics (as a percentage of total revenues): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Personnel expenses | | | 49 | % | | 46 | % | | 48 | % | | 42 | % | | |
Other operating expenses | | | 7 | | | 7 | | | 7 | | | 6 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Key Revenue Metrics (as a percentage of debt financing volume): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Origination related fees(4) | | | 0.95 | % | | 1.15 | % | | 1.00 | % | | 1.01 | % | | |
MSR income(5) | | | 0.70 | | | 1.08 | | | 0.69 | | | 1.01 | | | |
MSR income, as a percentage of Agency debt financing volume(6) | | | 1.40 | | | 1.42 | | | 1.59 | | | 1.46 | | | |
| | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | As of September 30, | | ||||
Managed Portfolio: |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||
Components of Servicing Portfolio | | | | | | | |
Fannie Mae | | $ | 52,317,953 | | $ | 46,224,549 | |
Freddie Mac | |
| 38,039,014 | |
| 35,726,109 | |
Ginnie Mae - HUD | |
| 9,894,893 | |
| 9,639,820 | |
Brokered (7) | |
| 13,429,801 | |
| 11,513,521 | |
Principal Lending and Investing (8) | |
| 238,713 | |
| 273,754 | |
Total Servicing Portfolio | | $ | 113,920,374 | | $ | 103,377,753 | |
Assets under management (9) | | | 2,309,332 | | | 1,936,679 | |
Total Managed Portfolio | | $ | 116,229,706 | | $ | 105,314,432 | |
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SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATING DATA (continued)
| | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, | ||||
Key Servicing Portfolio Metrics (end of period): | | 2021 |
| 2020 | ||
Custodial escrow account balance (in billions) | | $ | 3.0 | | $ | 2.8 |
Weighted-average servicing fee rate (basis points) | | | 24.6 | | | 23.4 |
Weighted-average remaining servicing portfolio term (years) | | | 9.2 | | | 9.4 |
CONSOLIDATED
The following tables present WDIP’s AUM as of September 30, 2021 and 2020:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, 2021 | | |||||||
| | Unfunded | | Funded | | | | | ||
Components of WDIP assets under management (in thousands) |
| Commitments |
| Investments |
| Total |
| |||
Fund III | | $ | 37,781 | | $ | 65,975 | | $ | 103,756 | |
Fund IV | | | 88,827 | | | 106,498 | | | 195,325 | |
Fund V | | | 273,853 | | | 45,064 | | | 318,917 | |
Fund VI | | | 30,498 | | | 2,478 | | | 32,976 | |
Separate accounts | | | 150,000 | | | 589,840 | | | 739,840 | |
Total assets under management | | $ | 580,959 | | $ | 809,855 | | $ | 1,390,814 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, 2020 | |||||||
| | Unfunded | | Funded | | | | ||
Components of WDIP assets under management (in thousands) |
| Commitments |
| Investments |
| Total | |||
Fund III | | $ | 56,072 | | $ | 123,818 | | $ | 179,890 |
Fund IV | | | 165,294 | | | 139,657 | | | 304,951 |
Fund V | | | 192,113 | | | 10,036 | | | 202,149 |
Separate accounts | | | — | | | 610,223 | | | 610,223 |
Total assets under management | | $ | 413,479 | | $ | 883,734 | | $ | 1,297,213 |
| | | | | | | | | |
For the three months ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
(dollars in thousands; except per share data) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 | |||
Transaction Volume: | |||||||
Total Debt Financing Volume | $ | 9,135,017 | $ | 7,826,869 | |||
Property Sales Volume |
| 3,531,690 |
| 1,395,760 | |||
Total Transaction Volume | $ | 12,666,707 | $ | 9,222,629 | |||
Key Performance Metrics: | |||||||
Operating margin | 28 | % | 33 | % | |||
Return on equity | 19 | 19 | |||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | $ | 71,209 | $ | 58,052 | |||
Adjusted EBITDA(1) | 62,636 | 60,667 | |||||
Diluted EPS | 2.12 | 1.79 | |||||
Key Expense Metrics (as a percentage of total revenues): | |||||||
Personnel expenses | 45 | % | 43 | % | |||
Other operating expenses | 10 | 8 | |||||
As of March 31, | |||||||
Managed Portfolio: |
| 2022 |
| 2021 | |||
Total Servicing Portfolio | $ | 116,257,265 | $ | 109,867,270 | |||
Assets under management | 16,687,112 | 1,836,086 | |||||
Total Managed Portfolio | $ | 132,944,377 | $ | 111,703,356 |
(1) |
This is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information on adjusted EBITDA, refer to the section below titled |
3537
The following tables presenttable presents a period-to-period comparison of our financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and 2020.2021.
FINANCIAL RESULTS –– THREE MONTHS
CONSOLIDATED
For the three months ended |
| ||||||||||||
March 31, | Dollar | Percentage |
| ||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Change |
| Change |
| ||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | $ | 82,310 | $ | 75,879 | $ | 6,431 | 8 | % | |||||
Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net | 52,730 | 57,935 | (5,205) | (9) | |||||||||
Servicing fees |
| 72,681 |
| 65,978 |
| 6,703 | 10 | ||||||
Property sales broker fees | 23,398 | 9,042 | 14,356 | 159 | |||||||||
Net warehouse interest income |
| 4,773 |
| 4,555 |
| 218 | 5 | ||||||
Escrow earnings and other interest income |
| 1,803 |
| 2,117 |
| (314) | (15) | ||||||
Other revenues |
| 81,749 |
| 8,782 |
| 72,967 | 831 | ||||||
Total revenues | $ | 319,444 | $ | 224,288 | $ | 95,156 | 42 | ||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||
Personnel | $ | 144,181 | $ | 96,215 | $ | 47,966 | 50 | % | |||||
Amortization and depreciation |
| 56,152 |
| 46,871 |
| 9,281 | 20 | ||||||
Provision (benefit) for credit losses |
| (9,498) |
| (11,320) |
| 1,822 | (16) | ||||||
Interest expense on corporate debt |
| 6,405 |
| 1,765 |
| 4,640 | 263 | ||||||
Other operating expenses |
| 32,214 |
| 17,587 |
| 14,627 | 83 | ||||||
Total expenses | $ | 229,454 | $ | 151,118 | $ | 78,336 | 52 | ||||||
Income from operations | $ | 89,990 | $ | 73,170 | $ | 16,820 | 23 | ||||||
Income tax expense |
| 19,460 |
| 15,118 |
| 4,342 | 29 | ||||||
Net income before noncontrolling interests | $ | 70,530 | $ | 58,052 | $ | 12,478 | 21 | ||||||
Less: net income (loss) from noncontrolling interests |
| (679) |
| — |
| (679) |
| N/A | |||||
Walker & Dunlop net income | $ | 71,209 | $ | 58,052 | $ | 13,157 | 23 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended | | | | |
| | |||||
| | September 30, | | Dollar | | Percentage |
| | |||||
(dollars in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| Change |
| Change |
| | |||
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | | $ | 123,242 | | $ | 83,825 | | $ | 39,417 | | 47 | % | |
Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net | | | 89,482 | | | 78,065 | | | 11,417 | | 15 | | |
Servicing fees | |
| 70,628 | |
| 60,265 | |
| 10,363 | | 17 | | |
Property sales broker fees | | | 33,677 | | | 6,756 | | | 26,921 | | 398 | | |
Net warehouse interest income | |
| 5,583 | |
| 7,558 | |
| (1,975) | | (26) | | |
Escrow earnings and other interest income | |
| 2,032 | |
| 2,275 | |
| (243) | | (11) | | |
Other revenues | |
| 21,646 | |
| 8,272 | |
| 13,374 | | 162 | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 346,290 | | $ | 247,016 | | $ | 99,274 | | 40 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Personnel | | $ | 170,181 | | $ | 114,548 | | $ | 55,633 | | 49 | % | |
Amortization and depreciation | |
| 53,498 | |
| 41,919 | |
| 11,579 | | 28 | | |
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | |
| 1,266 | |
| 3,483 | |
| (2,217) | | (64) | | |
Interest expense on corporate debt | |
| 1,766 | |
| 1,786 | |
| (20) | | (1) | | |
Other operating expenses | |
| 24,836 | |
| 16,165 | |
| 8,671 | | 54 | | |
Total expenses | | $ | 251,547 | | $ | 177,901 | | $ | 73,646 | | 41 | | |
Income from operations | | $ | 94,743 | | $ | 69,115 | | $ | 25,628 | | 37 | | |
Income tax expense | |
| 22,953 | |
| 15,925 | |
| 7,028 | | 44 | | |
Net income before noncontrolling interests | | $ | 71,790 | | $ | 53,190 | | $ | 18,600 | | 35 | | |
Less: net income (loss) from noncontrolling interests | |
| 69 | |
| — | |
| 69 |
| N/A | | |
Walker & Dunlop net income | | $ | 71,721 | | $ | 53,190 | | $ | 18,531 | | 35 | | |
36
FINANCIAL RESULTS – NINE MONTHS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the nine months ended | | | | |
| | |||||
| | September 30, | | Dollar | | Percentage |
| | |||||
(dollars in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| Change |
| Change |
|
| |||
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | | $ | 306,593 | | $ | 238,105 | | $ | 68,488 | | 29 | % | |
Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net | | | 209,266 | | | 236,434 | | | (27,168) | | (11) | | |
Servicing fees | |
| 205,658 | |
| 172,561 | |
| 33,097 | | 19 | | |
Property sales broker fees | | | 65,173 | | | 19,928 | | | 45,245 | | 227 | | |
Net warehouse interest income | |
| 14,768 | |
| 22,454 | |
| (7,686) | | (34) | | |
Escrow earnings and other interest income | |
| 5,972 | |
| 15,689 | |
| (9,717) | | (62) | | |
Other revenues | |
| 44,559 | |
| 28,827 | |
| 15,732 | | 55 | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 851,989 | | $ | 733,998 | | $ | 117,991 | | 16 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Personnel | | $ | 407,817 | | $ | 310,993 | | $ | 96,824 | | 31 | % | |
Amortization and depreciation | | | 148,879 | | | 123,998 | | | 24,881 | | 20 | | |
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | |
| (14,380) | |
| 32,029 | |
| (46,409) | | (145) | | |
Interest expense on corporate debt | |
| 5,291 | |
| 6,724 | |
| (1,433) | | (21) | | |
Other operating expenses | |
| 62,171 | |
| 47,324 | |
| 14,847 | | 31 | | |
Total expenses | | $ | 609,778 | | $ | 521,068 | | $ | 88,710 | | 17 | | |
Income from operations | | $ | 242,211 | | $ | 212,930 | | $ | 29,281 | | 14 | | |
Income tax expense | |
| 56,311 | |
| 50,076 | |
| 6,235 | | 12 | | |
Net income before noncontrolling interests | | $ | 185,900 | | $ | 162,854 | | $ | 23,046 | | 14 | | |
Less: net income (loss) from noncontrolling interests | |
| 69 | |
| (224) | |
| 293 |
| (131) | | |
Walker & Dunlop net income | | $ | 185,831 | | $ | 163,078 | | $ | 22,753 | | 14 | | |
Overview
Three months ended September 30, 2021 compared toOther revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2022 primarily consisted of the following: (i) $39.6 million of Apprise revaluation gain (as defined below), (ii) $12.7 million of investment management fees, (iii) $9.8 million of prepayment and application fees, and (iv) $4.5 million of research subscription fees. Other revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 primarily consisted of $5.5 million of prepayment and application fees and $2.7 million of investment management fees.
The increase in revenues was primarily driven by increases in loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net (“(“origination fees”fees”), servicing fees, property sales broker fees, and other revenues, partially offset by a decrease in the fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net (“(“MSR Income”Income”), servicing fees, property sales broker fees and other revenues.. The increase in origination fees was primarily related to an overall increase in debt financing volume, particularly in our Fannie Mae and brokered debt financing volumes. MSR Income increased as a result of an overall increase in Agency debt financing volume. Servicing fees increased largely from an increase in the average servicing portfolio outstanding. The increase in property sales broker fees was a result of a substantial increase in property sales volume. Other revenues increased primarily as a result of increases in: (i) a one-time gain from the revaluation of our previously held equity-method investment in Apprise (“Apprise revaluation gain”), (ii) prepayment fees, and (iii) asset management and research subscription fees.fees from our subsidiaries acquired in the second half of 2021. MSR Income decreased due to a decrease in the MSR Rate (defined below in the discussion of our capital markets segment results) resulting from a change in the transaction mix and a decrease in the profitability of our Fannie Mae and HUD products.
The increase in expenses was largely attributabledue to a decrease in the benefit for credit losses and increases in personnel expenses, amortization and depreciation, andall other operating expenses.expense categories. The increase in personnel expenses was primarily a result of increases in (i) commission costs due to the increases in origination fees and property sales brokers fees (ii)and salaries and benefits costs driven by an increase in the average headcount, and (iii) stock compensation expense due to increases in costs for our 2020 broad-based employee stock grant and costs associated with our performance plan for executives.headcount. Amortization and depreciation expense increased primarily due to an increase in the average MSR balance. Interest expense on corporate debt increased due to the increase in the size of the debt outstanding and the assumption of Alliant’s note payable the fourth quarter of 2021. Other operating expenses increased largely as a result of (i) the overall growth of the Company over the past year, (ii) an increase in travel and acquisition activity.
Nine months ended September 30, 2021entertainment costs compared to nine months ended September 30, 2020
The increase in revenues was driven by increases in origination fees, servicing fees, property sales broker fees2021 when our travel and other revenues, partially offset by decreases in MSR Income, net warehouse interest income, and escrow earnings and other interest income. The increase inentertainment
3738
origination fees was primarily related to an overall increase in debt financing volume, particularly in our brokered and HUD loan origination volumes. Servicing fees increased largely from an increase in the average servicing portfolio outstanding. The increase in property sales broker fees was a result of the significant increase in property sales volume. Other revenues increased primarily due to increases in prepayment fees and research subscription fees. MSR Income decreased as a result of a decrease in Agency debt financing volume. Net warehouse interest income decreased due to decreases in the average balances and net spreads for both LHFS and LHFI. Escrow earnings and other interest income decreased largely due to a substantial decrease in the average earnings rate.
The increase in expenses was mainly driven by increases in personnel expenses, amortization and depreciation, and other operating expenses, partially offset by a change in provision (benefit) for credit losses. The increase in personnel expenses was primarily due to increases in (i) commission costswere depressed due to the increases in origination fees and property sales broker fees, (ii) salaries and benefits costs due primarily to an increase inon-going effects of the average headcount,pandemic, and (iii) stock-based compensation expense due to increases in costs for our 2020 broad-based employee stock grant and costs associated with our performance plan for executives. Amortization and depreciation expense increased due to an increase in the average MSR balance. Other operating expenses increased as a result of the overall growth of the Company over the past year and acquisition activity. The change to a benefit for credit losses in 2021 from a provision for credit losses in 2020 was driven primarily by a decrease in our CECL reserve.
Revenues
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net and Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net. The following tables provide additional information that helps explain changes in origination fees and MSR Income period over period:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended | | | For the nine months ended | | ||||||
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | | ||||||
Debt Financing Volume by Product Type | | 2021 | | | 2020 | | | 2021 | | | 2020 | |
Fannie Mae | | 25 | % | | 27 | % | | 22 | % | | 38 | % |
Freddie Mac | | 20 | | | 43 | | | 15 | | | 25 | |
Ginnie Mae ̶ HUD | | 4 | | | 5 | | | 6 | | | 6 | |
Brokered | | 47 | | | 24 | | | 54 | | | 30 | |
Principal Lending and Investing | | 4 | | | 1 | | | 3 | | | 1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended | | ||||||||
| September 30, | | September 30, | | ||||||||
Mortgage Banking Details (basis points) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | ||||
Origination Fee Rate (1) | | 95 | | | 115 | | | 100 | | | 101 | |
Basis Point Change | | (20) | | | | | | (1) | | | | |
Percentage Change | | (17) | % | | | | | (1) | % | | | |
MSR Rate (2) | | 70 | | | 108 | | | 69 | | | 101 | |
Basis Point Change | | (38) | | | | | | (32) | | | | |
Percentage Change | | (35) | % | | | | | (32) | % | | | |
Agency MSR Rate (3) | | 140 | | | 142 | | | 159 | | | 146 | |
Basis Point Change | | (2) | | | | | | 13 | | | | |
Percentage Change | | (1) | % | | | | | 9 | % | | | |
For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the increase in origination fees was driven by the increase in overall debt financing volume, particularly the substantial growth in our Fannie Mae and brokered debt financing volume, which grew by 65% and 274%, respectively, from the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in origination fees due to the increase in volume was partially offset by a decrease in the origination fee rate resulting from the shift in transaction mix from 75% Agency loans in 2020 to 49% Agency loans in 2021. We typically earn higher origination fees on Agency loans than brokered loans.
38
MSR Income increased for the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily as a result of a 16% increase in Agency debt financing volume.related costs. The decrease in the MSR Rate was attributable to the same shift in transaction mix noted above.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the increase in origination fees was driven by the increase in overall debt financing volume from the nine months ended September 30, 2020, partially offset by a small decline in the Origination Fee Rate.
MSR Income declined for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as a result of a 19% decrease in Agency debt financing volumes, particularly our Fannie Mae debt financing volume, which decreased 25%. Partially offsetting the decline due to volume was an increase in the Agency MSR Rate. The decline in Fannie Mae debt financing volume was primarily the result of a portfolio of loans originated in 2020 with over $2 billion in volume, with no comparable large portfolio transaction in 2021. The Agency MSR Rate increased year over year due primarily to this large portfolio, which had a lower than average servicing fee.
See the “Overview of Current Business Environment” section above for a detailed discussion of the factors driving the changes in debt financing volumes.
Servicing Fees. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the increases were primarily attributable to increases in the average servicing portfolio period over period as shown below, primarily due to higher loan originations and relatively few payoffs over the last 12 months, coupled with increases in the servicing portfolio’s average servicing fee rates as shown below. The increases in the average servicing fee are the result of the large volume of Fannie Mae debt financing volume with high servicing fees over the past year.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended | | ||||||||
| September 30, | | September 30, | | ||||||||
Servicing Fees Details (dollars in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | ||||
Average Servicing Portfolio | $ | 112,308,470 | | $ | 101,551,127 | | $ | 110,516,000 | | $ | 97,914,210 | |
Dollar Change | | 10,757,343 | | | | | | 12,601,790 | | | | |
Percentage Change | | 11 | % | | | | | 13 | % | | | |
Average Servicing Fee (basis points) | | 24.6 | | | 23.4 | | | 24.4 | | | 23.3 | |
Basis Point Change | | 1.2 | | | | | | 1.1 | | | | |
Percentage Change | | 5.1 | % | | | | | 4.7 | % | | | |
Property sales broker fees. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the increases in property sales broker fees were driven by significant increases in the property sales volumes year over year. See the “Overview of Current Business Environment” section above for a detailed discussion of the factors driving the changes in property sales volumes.
Net Warehouse Interest Income. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the decreases in net warehouse interest income were the result of decreases in net warehouse interest income from both LHFS and LHFI. The decreases in net warehouse interest income from LHFS were primarily due to the decreases in the net spreads shown below, as the short-term interest rates upon which we incur interest expense decreased at a slower rate than the mortgage rates upon which we earn interest income. Additionally, the average balances of loans outstanding were lower in 2021 than in 2020 as seen below.
The decreases in net warehouse interest income from LHFI were primarily due to decreases in the average outstanding balances and the net spreads shown below. The average outstanding balances decreased due to low origination activity during the year ended December 31, 2020, as the market for interim loans was interrupted due to the pandemic. The payoffs we had in 2020 were not fully replaced with new originations, resulting in a lower starting balance in 2021 than in 2020. We have seen an increase in our interim loan volume in 2021; however, payoffs continue to outpace originations as more production volume is going to our Interim Program JV, contributing to the lower average outstanding balances in LHFI. The decreases in net spreads were the result of having a larger balance of LHFI funded with corporate cash in 2020 than 2021.
39
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended | | ||||||||
| September 30, | | September 30, | | ||||||||
Net Warehouse Interest Income Details (dollars in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | ||||
Average LHFS Outstanding Balance | $ | 1,780,594 | | $ | 1,845,687 | | $ | 1,458,110 | | $ | 1,759,594 | |
Dollar Change | $ | (65,093) | | | | | $ | (301,484) | | | | |
Percentage Change | | (4) | % | | | | | (17) | % | | | |
LHFS Net Spread (basis points) | | 84 | | | 106 | | | 83 | | | 96 | |
Basis Point Change | | (22) | | | | | | (13) | | | | |
Percentage Change | | (21) | % | | | | | (14) | % | | | |
Average LHFI Outstanding Balance | $ | 274,338 | | $ | 329,559 | | $ | 278,181 | | $ | 379,249 | |
Dollar Change | $ | (55,221) | | | | | $ | (101,068) | | | | |
Percentage Change | | (17) | % | | | | | (27) | % | | | |
LHFI Net Spread (basis points) | | 271 | | | 326 | | | 273 | | | 344 | |
Basis Point Change | | (55) | | | | | | (71) | | | | |
Percentage Change | | (17) | % | | | | | (21) | % | | | |
Escrow Earnings and Other Interest Income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the decrease was primarily due to a significant decrease in average earnings rate on our escrow accounts resulting from a decrease in short-term interest rates in the broader market, slightly offset by an increase in the average balance of escrow accounts due to an increase in the average servicing portfolio.
Other Revenues. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the increases were driven primarily by increases in prepayment fees and research subscription fees. Prepayment fees increased $6.6 million and $4.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. We acquired Zelman in July 2021, which resulted in the addition of $4.5 million in new revenues for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Expenses
Personnel. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the increase was primarily the result of (i) a $40.9 million increase in commission costs due to higher origination fees and property sales broker fees, (ii) a $6.9 million increase in salaries and benefits due to a 22% increase in average headcount to support our growth efforts, (iii) a $3.6 million increase in the accrual for subjective bonuses due to the increase in average headcount and the Company’s financial performance, and (iv) a $3.8 million increase in stock-based compensation expense due to a higher expense associated with a stock grant provided to the vast majority of our non-executive employee base in the fourth quarter of 2020 and stock-based compensation expense associated with our performance share plans due to the Company’s improved financial performance for the third quarter of 2021 compared to the same period in 2020.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the increase was primarily the result of (i) a $66.0 million increase in commission costs due to higher origination fees and property sales broker fees, (ii) an $18.4 million increase in salaries and benefits due to a 16% increase in average headcount to support our growth efforts, and (iii) an $8.7 million increase in stock-based compensation expense due to higher expense associated with a stock grant provided to the vast majority of our non-executive employee base in the fourth quarter of 2020 and stock-based compensation expense associated with our performance share plans due to the Company’s improved financial performance in 2021 compared to 2020.
Amortization and Depreciation. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the increase was primarily attributed to loan origination activity and the resulting growth in the average MSR balance. Over the past 12 months, we have added $124.2 million of MSRs, net of amortization and write offs due to prepayment.
Provision (Benefit) for Credit Losses. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the decrease in the provision for credit losses was primarily attributable to $2.4 million in additional reserves recorded in the third quarter of 2020 for a loan that defaulted in 2019, with no comparable activity in the third quarter of 2021.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the change in the provision (benefit)benefit for credit losses was due to improvements in the forecasted unemployment rate and sustained strength in multifamily operating fundamentals. The forecasted loss rate for our March 31, 2020 CECL reserve calculation was seven basis points compareda lower reduction to one basis point upon implementation at January 1, 2020 as a result of the expected
40
negative economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a significant provision expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily during the first quarter of 2020. With the economic improvements noted above, we loweredloss rates used to calculate our forecast-period loss rate from six basis points at December 31, 2020 to three basis points for our June 30, 2021 CECL reserve calculation, resulting in a large benefit for the first six months of 2021. We maintained the loss rate at September 30, 2021, resulting in a small provision for credit losses in the third quarter of 2021, but an overall benefit for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
We have not experienced any defaults and minimal delinquencies in our at-risk servicing portfolio since the onset of the pandemic.
Other Operating Expenses. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily stemmed from a $3.8 million increase in professional fees largely due to $2.9 million of due diligence costs for our pending acquisition of Alliant, a $1.4 million increase in travel and entertainment costs as our bankers and brokers resumed traveling for in person meetings, and a $1.4 million increase in marketing costs to support our growth initiatives.
The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was largely attributable to a $6.1 million increase in professional fees largely due to $2.9 million of due diligence costs for our pending acquisition of Alliant, a $2.1 million increase in marketing costs to support our growth initiatives, a $1.8 million increase in office expenses due to the increased average headcount year over year and increased technology costs to support our growth, and a $3.3 million increase in miscellaneous expenses.reserves.
Income Tax Expense. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, theThe increase in income tax expense relates primarily to the 37%23% increase in income from operations and a decrease70-basis point increase in the absolute and relative realizable excessestimated annual effective tax benefits recognized year over year as the number of stock options exercised decreased year over year.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the increase in income tax expense relates primarily torate, partially offset by a 14% increase in income from operations and a $1.2$0.8 million absolute increase in realizable excess tax benefits recognized year over year due to a substantial increase in the number of shares of restricted stock vested and an increase in the price at which these awards vested.benefits.
We do not expect our annual estimated effective tax rate to differ significantly from the 26.3%26.9% rate estimated for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as we do not have significant permanent differences.March 31, 2022. Accordingly, we expect an estimated effective tax rate of between approximately 25.5%26.5% and 26.5%27.5% for the remainder of the year. The effective tax rate decreasedincreased year over year from 23.5%20.7% in 20202021 to 23.2%21.6% in 20212022 due to the aforementioned decreases infactors noted above.
A discussion of the absolute and relative realizable excess tax benefits, partially offset by a slightly lower estimated annual effective tax rate in 2021 compared to 2020.financial results for our segments is included further below.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement our financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP, we use adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure. The presentation of adjusted EBITDA is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP. When analyzing our operating performance, readers should use adjusted EBITDA in addition to, and not as an alternative for, net income. Adjusted EBITDA represents net income before income taxes, interest expense on our term loan facility,and Alliant’s note payable, and amortization and depreciation, adjusted for provision (benefit) for credit losses net of write-offs, stock-based incentive compensation charges, and the fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net.net, and the gain from revaluation of a previously held equity-method investment. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Furthermore, adjusted EBITDA is not intended to be a measure of free cash flow for our management’smanagement’s discretionary use, as it does not reflect certain cash requirements such as tax and debt service payments. The amounts shown for adjusted EBITDA may also differ from the amounts calculated under similarly titled definitions in our debt instruments, which are further adjusted to reflect certain other cash and non-cash charges that are used to determine compliance with financial covenants.
We use adjusted EBITDA to evaluate the operating performance of our business, for comparison with forecasts and strategic plans, and for benchmarking performance externally against competitors. We believe that this non-GAAP measure, when read in conjunction with our GAAP financials, provides useful information to investors by offering:
the ability to make more meaningful period-to-period comparisons of our ongoing operating results; |
the ability to better identify trends in our underlying business and perform related trend analyses; and |
a better understanding of how management plans and measures our underlying business. |
41
We believe that adjusted EBITDA has limitations in that it does not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP and that adjusted EBITDA should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with net income. income on both a consolidated and segment basis.Adjusted EBITDA is reconciled to net income as follows:
39
ADJUSTED FINANCIAL METRIC RECONCILIATION TO GAAP
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the three months ended | | For the nine months ended | | ||||||||
| | September 30, | | September 30, | | ||||||||
(in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||||
Reconciliation of Walker & Dunlop Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA | | | | | | | | | | | |||
Walker & Dunlop Net Income | | $ | 71,721 | | $ | 53,190 | | $ | 185,831 | | $ | 163,078 | |
Income tax expense | |
| 22,953 | |
| 15,925 | |
| 56,311 | |
| 50,076 | |
Interest expense on corporate debt | |
| 1,766 | |
| 1,786 | |
| 5,291 | |
| 6,724 | |
Amortization and depreciation | |
| 53,498 | |
| 41,919 | |
| 148,879 | |
| 123,998 | |
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | |
| 1,266 | |
| 3,483 | |
| (14,380) | |
| 32,029 | |
Net write-offs | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
Stock-based compensation expense | |
| 10,708 | |
| 6,927 | |
| 26,945 | |
| 18,216 | |
Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net | |
| (89,482) | |
| (78,065) | |
| (209,266) | |
| (236,434) | |
Adjusted EBITDA | | $ | 72,430 | | $ | 45,165 | | $ | 199,611 | | $ | 157,687 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CONSOLIDATED
For the three months ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
(in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||
Reconciliation of Walker & Dunlop Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA | |||||||
Walker & Dunlop Net Income | $ | 71,209 | $ | 58,052 | |||
Income tax expense |
| 19,460 |
| 15,118 | |||
Interest expense on corporate debt |
| 6,405 |
| 1,765 | |||
Amortization and depreciation |
| 56,152 |
| 46,871 | |||
Provision (benefit) for credit losses |
| (9,498) |
| (11,320) | |||
Net write-offs |
| — |
| — | |||
Share-based compensation expense |
| 11,279 |
| 8,116 | |||
Gain from revaluation of previously held equity-method investment | (39,641) | — | |||||
Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net |
| (52,730) |
| (57,935) | |||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 62,636 | $ | 60,667 | |||
The following table presents a period-to-period comparison of the components of adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and 2020.2021.
ADJUSTED EBITDA –– THREE MONTHS
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the three months ended | | | | | |
| ||||
| September 30, | | Dollar | | Percentage |
| |||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2021 |
| 2020 |
| Change |
| Change |
| |||
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | $ | 123,242 | | $ | 83,825 | | $ | 39,417 | | 47 | % |
Servicing fees |
| 70,628 | |
| 60,265 | |
| 10,363 | | 17 | |
Property sales broker fees | | 33,677 | | | 6,756 | | | 26,921 | | 398 | |
Net warehouse interest income |
| 5,583 | |
| 7,558 | |
| (1,975) | | (26) | |
Escrow earnings and other interest income |
| 2,032 | |
| 2,275 | |
| (243) | | (11) | |
Other revenues |
| 21,577 | |
| 8,272 | |
| 13,305 | | 161 | |
Personnel |
| (159,473) | |
| (107,621) | |
| (51,852) | | 48 | |
Net write-offs |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | | N/A | |
Other operating expenses |
| (24,836) | |
| (16,165) | |
| (8,671) | | 54 | |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 72,430 | | $ | 45,165 | | $ | 27,265 | | 60 | |
CONSOLIDATED
For the three months ended |
| ||||||||||
March 31, | Dollar | Percentage |
| ||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Change |
| Change |
| |||
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | $ | 82,310 | $ | 75,879 | $ | 6,431 | 8 | % | |||
Servicing fees |
| 72,681 |
| 65,978 |
| 6,703 | 10 | ||||
Property sales broker fees | 23,398 | 9,042 | 14,356 | 159 | |||||||
Net warehouse interest income |
| 4,773 |
| 4,555 |
| 218 | 5 | ||||
Escrow earnings and other interest income |
| 1,803 |
| 2,117 |
| (314) | (15) | ||||
Other revenues |
| 42,787 |
| 8,782 |
| 34,005 | 387 | ||||
Personnel |
| (132,902) |
| (88,099) |
| (44,803) | 51 | ||||
Net write-offs |
| — |
| — |
| — | N/A | ||||
Other operating expenses |
| (32,214) |
| (17,587) |
| (14,627) | 83 | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 62,636 | $ | 60,667 | $ | 1,969 | 3 |
ADJUSTED EBITDA – NINE MONTHS
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the nine months ended | | | | | |
| ||||
| September 30, | | Dollar | | Percentage |
| |||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2021 |
| 2020 |
| Change |
| Change |
| |||
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | $ | 306,593 | | $ | 238,105 | | $ | 68,488 | | 29 | % |
Servicing fees |
| 205,658 | |
| 172,561 | |
| 33,097 | | 19 | |
Property sales broker fees | | 65,173 | | | 19,928 | | | 45,245 | | 227 | |
Net warehouse interest income |
| 14,768 | |
| 22,454 | |
| (7,686) | | (34) | |
Escrow earnings and other interest income |
| 5,972 | |
| 15,689 | |
| (9,717) | | (62) | |
Other revenues |
| 44,490 | |
| 29,051 | |
| 15,439 | | 53 | |
Personnel |
| (380,872) | |
| (292,777) | |
| (88,095) | | 30 | |
Net write-offs |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | | N/A | |
42
Other operating expenses |
| (62,171) | |
| (47,324) | |
| (14,847) | | 31 | |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 199,611 | | $ | 157,687 | | $ | 41,924 | | 27 | |
Three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to three and nine months ended September 30, 2020
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net increased due to significant increases in overall debt financing volumes, particularly in our Fannie Mae and brokered debt financing volumes. Servicing fees increased due to increasesgrowth in the average servicing portfolio period over period as a result of the substantial loan originations and relatively few payoffs over the last 12 months and increases in the average servicing fee.period. Property sales broker fees increased as a result of the increasesincrease in property sales volumes. Net warehouse interest income decreasedOther revenues increased primarily due to decreasesan increase in asset management and research subscription fees generated from our acquired subsidiaries in the net spreads and average outstanding balances. Escrow earnings and other interest income decreased primarily as a resultsecond half of declines in the average earnings rates.2021. The increases in personnel expense were primarily due to increased commission costs due to the increases in total transaction volumes and salaries and benefits resulting from increasesgrowth in average headcount. Other operating expenses increased as a result of the overall growth of the Company over the past year, increased travel and fromentertainment costs, and increased costs associated with due diligence for acquisitions.acquisition related costs.
Financial Condition
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Our cash flows from operating activities are generated from loan sales, servicing fees, escrow earnings, net warehouse interest income, property sales broker fees, research subscription fees, investment banking advisory fees, and other income, net of loan originations and operating costs. Our cash flows from operations are impacted by the fees generated by our loan originations, the timing of loan closings, and the period of time loans are held for sale in the warehouse loan facility prior to delivery to the investor.
40
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
We usually lease facilities and equipment for our operations. Our cash flows from investing activities also include the funding and repayment of loans held for investment, contributions to and distributions from joint ventures, purchases of equity-method investments, and the purchase of available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities pledged to Fannie Mae. We opportunistically invest cash for acquisitions and MSR portfolio purchases.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
We use our warehouse loan facilities and, when necessary, our corporate cash to fund loan closings, both for loans held for sale and loans held for investment. We believe that our current warehouse loan facilities are adequate to meet our increasing loan origination needs. Historically, we have used a combination of long-term debt and cash on hand to fund large acquisitions. Additionally, we repurchase shares, pay cash dividends, make long-term debt principal payments, and repay short-term borrowings on a regular basis. We issue stock primarily for exercise of stock options (cash inflow) and for acquisitions (non-cash transactions).
NineThree Months Ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 Compared to NineThree Months Ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021
The following table presents a period-to-period comparison of the significant components of cash flows for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and 2020.2021.
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SIGNIFICANT COMPONENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
| | For the nine months ended September 30, | | Dollar | | Percentage |
| |||||||||||||||||
For the three months ended March 31, | Dollar | Percentage |
| |||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| Change |
| Change |
|
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Change |
| Change |
| ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | $ | (196,979) | | $ | (2,296,868) | | $ | 2,099,889 | | (91) | % | $ | 971,928 | $ | 1,315,692 | $ | (343,764) | (26) | % | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | |
| 49,325 | |
| 147,624 | |
| (98,299) | | (67) | |
| (44,440) |
| 81,179 |
| (125,619) | (155) | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | |
| 194,265 | |
| 2,341,258 | |
| (2,146,993) | | (92) | |
| (1,096,656) |
| (1,423,259) |
| 326,603 | (23) | |||||
Total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents at end of period ("Total cash") | | | 404,613 | | | 328,580 | | | 76,033 | | 23 | | ||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents at end of period ("Total cash") | 224,012 | 331,614 | (107,602) | (32) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Net receipt (use) of cash for loan origination activity | | $ | (301,921) | | $ | (2,406,414) | | $ | 2,104,493 | | (87) | % | $ | 1,013,187 | $ | 1,340,034 | $ | (326,847) | (24) | % | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, excluding loan origination activity | | | 104,942 | | | 109,546 | | | (4,604) | | (4) | | (41,259) | (24,342) | (16,917) | 69 | ||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Purchases of pledged AFS securities | | $ | (7,250) | | $ | (14,130) | | $ | 6,880 | | (49) | % | $ | (7,010) | $ | (2,000) | $ | (5,010) | 251 | % | ||||
Proceeds from the prepayment/sale of pledged AFS securities | | | 28,781 | | | 15,531 | | | 13,250 | | 85 | | 1,672 | 20,884 | (19,212) | (92) | ||||||||
Purchase of equity-method investments | | | (8,029) | | | (974) | | | (7,055) | | 724 | | (5,941) | (1,124) | (4,817) | 429 | ||||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash received | | | (62,208) | | | (46,784) | | | (15,424) | | 33 | | (78,465) | (7,506) | (70,959) | 945 | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | (11,790) | (1,794) | (9,996) | 557 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net payoff of (investment in) loans held for investment | | | 127,591 | | | 199,569 | | | (71,978) | | (36) | | 52,893 | 79,745 | (26,852) | (34) | ||||||||
Net distributions from (investments in) joint ventures | | $ | (24,053) | | $ | (3,538) | | $ | (20,515) | | 580 | | 4,201 | (7,026) | 11,227 | 160 | ||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Borrowings (repayments) of warehouse notes payable, net | | $ | 333,887 | | $ | 2,497,627 | | $ | (2,163,740) | | (87) | % | $ | (1,006,545) | $ | (1,400,704) | $ | 394,159 | (28) | % | ||||
Borrowings of interim warehouse notes payable | |
| 154,661 | |
| 34,028 | |
| 120,633 | | 355 | |
| — |
| 25,313 |
| (25,313) | (100) | |||||
Repayments of interim warehouse notes payable | |
| (157,277) | |
| (109,860) | |
| (47,417) | | 43 | |
| (11,200) |
| (29,534) |
| 18,334 | (62) | |||||
Repayments of notes payable | (13,759) | (745) | (13,014) | 1,747 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Payment of contingent consideration | (17,612) | — | (17,612) | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of common stock | | | (15,686) | | | (42,525) | | | 26,839 | | (63) | | (27,049) | (13,374) | (13,675) | 102 | ||||||||
Repayment of secured borrowings | | | (73,312) | | | — | | | (73,312) | | N/A | | ||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid | | | (48,268) | | | (33,984) | | | (14,284) | | 42 | | (20,077) | (16,052) | (4,025) | 25 |
The change in cash flows from operating activities was driven primarily by loans originated and sold. Such loans are held for short periods of time, generally less than 60 days, and impact cash flows presented as of a point in time. The decrease in cash flows usedreceived in loan origination activities is primarily attributable to a net decrease in originations outpacing sales of loans held for sale (net cash used)received) outpacing originations by $301.9 million$1.0 billion in 20212022 compared to $2.4$1.3 billion in 2020.2021. Our Agency debt financing activity decreased year over year,in 2021, which resulted in less cash useda lower loan held for sale balance as of December 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020 resulting in originations during the first nine months offewer loans transferred in 2022 compared to 2021. Excluding cash used for the origination and sale of loans, cash flows provided by operationsused in operating activities were $104.9$41.3 million in 2021, down2022, up from $109.5$24.3 million in 2020.2021. The decreaseincrease is primarily the result of a $64.6$39.6 million higher adjustmentreduction for the Apprise revaluation gain in 2022 with no comparable activity in 2021, partially offset by a $12.6 million lower use for other operating activities, net, and a $12.5 million increase in net income before noncontrolling interest. The significant decrease in Total cash over the past year is largely attributable to acquisition activity, partially offset by a lower adjustment for gains attributable to the fair value of future servicing rights, net of guaranty obligation of $27.2 million and a lower adjustment foran increase in our long-term debt.
The change in the fair value of premiums and origination fees of $31.3 million.
The decrease in cash flows provided by investing activities is primarily attributablein 2021 to (i) a greater increasecash used in the originations of loans held for investments than the payoffs of these loans as our origination volume for 2020investing activities in 2022 was low due to the COVID-19 pandemic, (ii)(i) an increase in the cash used in acquisitions due to an increase in the average size of acquisitionsthe acquisition in 2022 compared to 2021, than 2020,(ii) a decrease in the net payoff of loans held for investment, (iii), a decrease in the payoff of pledged AFS securities, which is unpredictable, (iv) an increase in net investments in joint ventures ascapital expenditures due to the build out of our joint ventures have been growing in 2021, and (iv)new corporate headquarters, (v) an increase in the purchase of equity-method investments partially offset by (i)as capital calls for capital commitments increased year over year, and (vi) an increase in the prepaymentpurchase of pledged AFS securities, and (ii)partially offset by a reduction in the purchases of pledged AFS securities. Pledged AFS securities prepay at unpredictable times. Our purchases were lessnet investment in 2021 as several prepayments occurred close tojoint ventures. In the end of the thirdfirst quarter of 2021, we had one small acquisition compared to the GeoPhy acquisition, which was substantially larger, resulting in little time to reinvest prior to September 30,an increase in cash used for acquisitions. Net payoff of loans held for investment decreased as there were fewer payoffs in 2022 than in 2021. We haveOur purchases of AFS securities increased our investments in equity-method investments2022 as we continue to investreinvested the funds from the payoff of AFS securities late in small strategic investments.2021.
The decrease in cash providedused by financing activity was primarily attributable to a decrease in the net warehouse borrowings, the repayment of our secured borrowings, and an increase in cash dividends paid,repayments, partially offset by an increaseincreases in (i) the net borrowingsrepayment of interim warehouse notes payables, and a decrease in cash paid for stock repurchases. The decrease in net borrowings(ii) repayments of warehouse notes payable, during 2021 was largely due to the decrease in cash used for loan origination activity, as noted above. The repayment(iii) repurchase of secured borrowings was thecommon stock, (iv)
4442
resultdividends paid, and (v) cash payments of the repayment of the secured borrowingcontingent consideration liabilities. The decrease in the second quarter of 2021, a unique transaction. Cash dividends paid increased as a result ofnet repayment in warehouse notes payable was due to the aforementioned decrease in cash received from loan origination activity. The increase in our dividend to $0.50 per share in 2021 compared to $0.36 per share in 2020. Net borrowingsnet cash repayments of interim warehouse notes payable increasedwas primarily due to a reduction in borrowings. The increase in repayments of notes payable was due to the increase in originationsquarterly paydowns of loans held for investments noted above.a note payable at our subsidiary, Alliant. The decreaseAlliant note payable requires much more significant paydowns than our corporate debt. The increase in cash paid for repurchases of common stock was related to repurchases under approved stock repurchase programs. Insignificant vesting events in our various share-based compensation plans. Cash dividends paid increased largely as a result of the increase in our dividend to $0.60 per share in 2022 compared to $0.50 per share in 2021.
Segment Results
The Company is managed based on our three operating segments: (i) Capital Markets, (ii) Servicing & Asset Management, and (iii) Corporate. The segment results below are intended to present each of the operating segments on a stand-alone basis.
Capital Markets
SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATING DATA
CAPITAL MARKETS
For the three months ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
(in thousands; except per share data) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 | |||
Transaction Volume: | |||||||
Components of Debt Financing Volume | |||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | 1,998,374 | $ | 1,533,024 | |||
Freddie Mac |
| 987,849 |
| 1,012,720 | |||
Ginnie Mae ̶ HUD |
| 391,693 |
| 622,133 | |||
Brokered(1) |
| 5,643,081 |
| 4,302,492 | |||
Total Debt Financing Volume | $ | 9,020,997 | $ | 7,470,369 | |||
Property Sales Volume | 3,531,690 | 1,395,760 | |||||
Total Transaction Volume | $ | 12,552,687 | $ | 8,866,129 | |||
Key Performance Metrics: | |||||||
Operating Margin | 36 | % | 48 | % | |||
Adjusted EBITDA(2) | $ | 11,256 | $ | 17,131 | |||
Key Revenue Metrics (as a percentage of debt financing volume): | |||||||
Origination related fees(3) | 0.90 | % | 1.02 | % | |||
MSR income(4) | 0.58 | 0.78 | |||||
MSR income, as a percentage of Agency debt financing volume(4) | 1.56 | 1.83 |
(1) | Brokered transactions for life insurance companies, commercial banks, and other capital sources. |
(2) | This is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information on adjusted EBITDA, refer to the section below titled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”. |
(3) | The fair value of the expected net cash flows associated with the servicing of the loan, net of any guaranty obligations retained. Excludes the income and debt financing volume from Principal Lending and Investing. |
(4) | The fair value of the expected net cash flows associated with the servicing of the loan, net of any guaranty obligations retained, as a percentage of Agency volume. |
43
FINANCIAL RESULTS – THREE MONTHS
CAPITAL MARKETS
For the three months ended |
| |||||||||||
March 31, | Dollar | Percentage |
| |||||||||
(dollars in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Change |
| Change |
| |||
Revenues | ||||||||||||
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | $ | 81,823 | $ | 75,295 | $ | 6,528 | 9 | % | ||||
Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net | 52,730 | 57,935 | (5,205) | (9) | ||||||||
Property sales broker fees | 23,398 | 9,042 | 14,356 | 159 | ||||||||
Net warehouse interest income, loans held for sale |
| 3,530 |
| 2,459 |
| 1,071 | 44 | |||||
Other revenues |
| 2,763 |
| 2,560 |
| 203 | 8 | |||||
Total revenues | $ | 164,244 | $ | 147,291 | $ | 16,953 | 12 | |||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||
Personnel | $ | 98,726 | $ | 72,635 | $ | 26,091 | 36 | % | ||||
Amortization and depreciation |
| — |
| 521 |
| (521) | (100) | |||||
Other operating expenses |
| 6,111 |
| 3,402 |
| 2,709 | 80 | |||||
Total expenses | $ | 104,837 | $ | 76,558 | $ | 28,279 | 37 | |||||
Income from operations | $ | 59,407 | $ | 70,733 | $ | (11,326) | (16) | |||||
Income tax expense |
| 12,847 |
| 14,615 |
| (1,768) | (12) | |||||
Net income | $ | 46,560 | $ | 56,118 | $ | (9,558) | (17) |
Revenues
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net (“origination fees”) and Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net (“MSR Income”). The following tables provide additional information that helps explain changes in origination fees and MSR Income period over period:
For the three months ended | ||||||
March 31, | ||||||
Debt Financing Volume by Product Type | 2022 | 2021 | ||||
Fannie Mae | 22 | % | 21 | % | ||
Freddie Mac | 11 | 14 | ||||
Ginnie Mae ̶ HUD | 4 | 8 | ||||
Brokered | 63 | 57 |
For the three months ended | ||||||
March 31, | ||||||
Mortgage Banking Details (basis points) | 2022 | 2021 | ||||
Origination Fee Rate (1) | 90 | 102 | ||||
Basis Point Change | (12) | |||||
Percentage Change | (12) | % | ||||
MSR Rate (2) | 58 | 78 | ||||
Basis Point Change | (20) | |||||
Percentage Change | (26) | % | ||||
Agency MSR Rate (3) | 156 | 183 | ||||
Basis Point Change | (27) | |||||
Percentage Change | (15) | % |
(1) | Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net as a percentage of total mortgage banking volume. |
(2) | MSR Income as a percentage of total debt financing volume, excluding the income and debt financing volume from principal lending and investing. |
(3) | MSR Income as a percentage of Agency debt financing volume. |
The increase in origination fees was driven by the increase in overall debt financing volume, particularly the substantial growth in our Fannie Mae and brokered debt financing volume, which grew by 30% and 31%, respectively, from 2021. The increase in origination fees due
44
to the increase in volume was partially offset by a decrease in the origination fee rate resulting from the shift in transaction mix from 43% Agency loans in 2021 to 37% Agency loans in 2022, and specifically from lower HUD volumes in the first quarter of 2022 as compared to the first quarter of 2021. We typically earn higher origination fees on Agency loans than brokered loans.
The decrease in MSR Income was primarily a result of a decrease in the MSR Rate due to the aforementioned change in transaction mix and a decline in the Agency MSR Rate, partially offset by a 7% percent increase in Agency debt financing volume. The decrease in Agency MSR rate was the result of the significant decline in HUD debt financing volume as HUD loans have the highest MSR margins of all our products. Additionally, the weighted-average servicing fee for our Fannie Mae debt financing volume decreased 25% year over year.
See the “Overview of Current Business Environment” section above for a detailed discussion of the factors driving the changes in debt financing volumes.
Property sales broker fees. The increase in property sales broker fees was driven by significant increases in the property sales volumes year over year. See the “Overview of Current Business Environment” section above for a detailed discussion of the factors driving the changes in property sales volumes.
Net Warehouse Interest Income, loans held for sale. The increase in net warehouse interest income was primarily due to the increase in the net spread shown below, as the short-term interest rates upon which we did not repurchase any shares under approved repurchase programs, whileincur interest expense increased at a slower rate than the mortgage rates upon which we earn interest income. The increase in 2020net warehouse interest income was partially offset by a lower average balance of loans held for sale outstanding in 2022 compared to 2021.
For the three months ended | |||||
March 31, | |||||
Net Warehouse Interest Income Details (dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | |||
Average LHFS Outstanding Balance | $ | 1,145,882 | $ | 1,503,204 | |
Dollar Change | $ | (357,322) | |||
Percentage Change | (24) | % | |||
LHFS Net Spread (basis points) | 123 | 65 | |||
Basis Point Change | 58 | ||||
Percentage Change | 89 | % |
Expenses
Personnel. The increase was primarily the result of (i) a $15.7 million increase in commission costs due to higher origination fees and property sales broker fees, (ii) a $4.5 million increase in salaries and benefits due to a higher average headcount to support our growth efforts, and (iii) a $5.0 million increase in the accrual for subjective bonuses due to the increase in average headcount and the Company’s financial performance.
Other Operating Expenses. The increase primarily stemmed from a $2.3 million increase in travel and entertainment costs associated with the growth of the Company and increased travel costs as our bankers and brokers attended more in person meetings compared to the first quarter of 2021.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense is determined at a consolidated corporate level and allocated to each segment proportionally based on each segment’s income from operations.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
A reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA for our CM segment is presented below. Our segment level adjusted EBITDA represents the segment portion of consolidated adjusted EBITDA. A detailed description and reconciliation of consolidated adjusted EBITDA is provided above in our Consolidated Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures. CM adjusted EBITDA is reconciled to net income as follows:
45
ADJUSTED FINANCIAL METRIC RECONCILIATION TO GAAP
CAPITAL MARKETS
For the three months ended | ||||||
March 31, | ||||||
(in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 | ||
Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA | ||||||
Net Income | $ | 46,560 | $ | 56,118 | ||
Income tax expense |
| 12,847 |
| 14,615 | ||
Amortization and depreciation | — | 521 | ||||
Share-based compensation expense | 4,579 | 3,812 | ||||
Fair value of expected net cash flows from servicing, net |
| (52,730) |
| (57,935) | ||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 11,256 | $ | 17,131 |
ADJUSTED EBITDA – THREE MONTHS
CAPITAL MARKETS
For the three months ended |
| ||||||||||
March 31, | Dollar | Percentage |
| ||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Change |
| Change |
| |||
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | $ | 81,823 | $ | 75,295 | $ | 6,528 | 9 | % | |||
Property sales broker fees | 23,398 | 9,042 | 14,356 | 159 | |||||||
Net warehouse interest income, loans held for sale |
| 3,530 |
| 2,459 |
| 1,071 | 44 | ||||
Other revenues |
| 2,763 |
| 2,560 |
| 203 | 8 | ||||
Personnel |
| (94,147) |
| (68,823) |
| (25,324) | 37 | ||||
Other operating expenses |
| (6,111) |
| (3,402) |
| (2,709) | 80 | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 11,256 | $ | 17,131 | $ | (5,875) | (34) |
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net increased due to increases in overall debt financing volumes. Property sales broker fees increased as a result of the significant increases in property sales volumes. Net warehouse interest income, loans held for sale increased primarily due to an increase in the net spread, partially offset by a decrease in the average balance outstanding. The increases in personnel expense were primarily due to increased (i) commission costs due to the increases in total transaction volumes, (ii) salaries and benefits resulting from increases in average headcount from strategic acquisitions and hiring initiatives, and (iii) accrual for subjective bonuses due to the increase in the average headcount and the Company’s financial performance. Other operating expenses increased as a result of the increased travel and marketing costs.
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Servicing & Asset Management
SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATING DATA
SERVICING & ASSET MANAGEMENT
(dollars in thousands) | As of March 31, | ||||||
Managed Portfolio: |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||
Components of Servicing Portfolio | |||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | 54,000,550 | $ | 50,113,076 | |||
Freddie Mac |
| 36,965,185 |
| 37,695,462 | |||
Ginnie Mae - HUD |
| 9,954,262 |
| 9,754,667 | |||
Brokered (1) |
| 15,115,619 |
| 12,090,825 | |||
Principal Lending and Investing (2) |
| 221,649 |
| 213,240 | |||
Total Servicing Portfolio | $ | 116,257,265 | $ | 109,867,270 | |||
Assets under management | 16,687,112 | 1,836,086 | |||||
Total Managed Portfolio | $ | 132,944,377 | $ | 111,703,356 | |||
For the three months ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
Key Volume and Performance Metrics: | 2022 | 2021 | |||||
Principal Lending and Investing Origination Volume(3) | $ | 114,020 | $ | 178,250 | |||
Adjusted EBITDA(4) | 87,773 | 69,419 | |||||
Operating Margin | 37 | % | 44 | % | |||
As of March 31, | |||||||
Key Servicing Portfolio Metrics: | 2022 |
| 2021 | ||||
Custodial escrow account balance (in billions) | $ | 2.5 | $ | 2.5 | |||
Weighted-average servicing fee rate (basis points) | 25.0 | 24.3 | |||||
Weighted-average remaining servicing portfolio term (years) | 9.1 | 9.2 | |||||
As of March 31, | |||||||
Components of assets under management (in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | |||||
Alliant(5) | |||||||
Syndication | $ | 13,928,089 | $ | — | |||
Real Estate Investment | 557,475 | — | |||||
Total Alliant assets under management | $ | 14,485,564 | $ | — | |||
WDIP | |||||||
Funds | $ | 609,717 | $ | 670,872 | |||
Separate accounts | 661,535 | 504,215 | |||||
Total WDIP assets under management | $ | 1,271,252 | $ | 1,175,087 | |||
Interim Program JV Managed Loans(6) | $ | 930,296 | $ | 660,999 | |||
Total assets under management | $ | 16,687,112 | $ | 1,836,086 | |||
(1) | Brokered loans serviced primarily for life insurance companies. |
(2) | Consists of interim loans not managed for the Interim Program JV. |
(3) | For the three months ended March 31, 2022, includes $86.3 million from the Interim Program JV and $27.7 million from WDIP separate accounts. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, includes $144.5 million from the Interim Program JV and $33.8 million from the Interim Loan Program. |
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(4) | This is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information on adjusted EBITDA, refer to the section below titled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”. |
(5) | Alliant assets under management were acquired in December 2021. |
(6) | As of March 31, 2022, only comprised of Interim Program JV managed loans. As of March 31, 2021, includes $587.7 million of Interim Program JV managed loans and $73.3 million of loans serviced directly for the Interim Program JV partner. |
FINANCIAL RESULTS – THREE MONTHS
SERVICING & ASSET MANAGEMENT
For the three months ended |
| |||||||||||
March 31, | Dollar | Percentage |
| |||||||||
(dollars in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Change |
| Change |
| |||
Revenues | ||||||||||||
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | $ | 487 | $ | 584 | $ | (97) | (17) | % | ||||
Servicing fees | 72,681 | $ | 65,978 | 6,703 | 10 | |||||||
Net warehouse interest income, loans held for investment |
| 1,243 |
| 2,096 |
| (853) | (41) | |||||
Escrow earnings and other interest income |
| 1,758 |
| 1,999 |
| (241) | (12) | |||||
Other revenues |
| 34,897 |
| 7,508 |
| 27,389 | 365 | |||||
Total revenues | $ | 111,066 | $ | 78,165 | $ | 32,901 | 42 | |||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||
Personnel | $ | 18,638 | $ | 7,111 | $ | 11,527 | 162 | % | ||||
Amortization and depreciation |
| 54,931 |
| 45,378 |
| 9,553 | 21 | |||||
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | (9,498) | (11,320) | 1,822 | (16) | ||||||||
Other operating expenses |
| 6,119 |
| 2,253 |
| 3,866 | 172 | |||||
Total expenses | $ | 70,190 | $ | 43,422 | $ | 26,768 | 62 | |||||
Income from operations | $ | 40,876 | $ | 34,743 | $ | 6,133 | 18 | |||||
Income tax expense |
| 8,839 |
| 7,178 |
| 1,661 | 23 | |||||
Income before noncontrolling interests | $ | 32,037 | $ | 27,565 | $ | 4,472 | 16 | |||||
Less: net income (loss) from noncontrolling interests |
| (679) |
| — |
| (679) |
| N/A | ||||
Net income | $ | 32,716 | $ | 27,565 | $ | 5,151 | 19 |
Revenues
Servicing Fees. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in the average servicing portfolio period over period as shown below, primarily due to a $3.9 billion net increase in Fannie Mae serviced loans and a $3.0 billion net increase in brokered loans serviced over the past year, coupled with an increase in the servicing portfolio’s average servicing fee rate as shown below. The increase in the average servicing fee is the result of the large volume of Fannie Mae debt financing volume over the past year.
For the three months ended | ||||||
March 31, | ||||||
Servicing Fees Details (dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | ||||
Average Servicing Portfolio | $ | 116,137,461 | $ | 108,568,268 | ||
Dollar Change | 7,569,193 | |||||
Percentage Change | 7 | % | ||||
Average Servicing Fee (basis points) | 24.9 | 24.2 | ||||
Basis Point Change | 0.8 | |||||
Percentage Change | 3 | % |
Other Revenues. The increase was primarily attributable to: (i) an $18.5 million increase in asset management fees and other Alliant revenues, (ii) a $4.1 million increase in research subscription fees, and (iii) a $5.0 million increase in prepayment penalties. The increase in asset management fees and other Alliant revenues was driven by our Alliant LIHTC operations, and the research subscription fees increase was driven by Zelman, both of which were acquired in the second half of 2021. The increase in prepayment fees was due to a substantial increase in the volume of loans that prepaid year over year due to anticipated changes in the interest rate environment.
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Expenses
Personnel. The increase was the result of an $11.4 million increase in salaries and benefits due to growth in headcount as a result of strategic acquisitions that occurred during the second half of 2021.
Amortization and Depreciation. The increase was primarily attributed to loan origination activity and the resulting growth in the average MSR balance. Over the past 12 months, we repurchased $23.7have added $66.7 million of shares under such programs.MSRs, net of amortization and write offs due to prepayment. Additionally, we had a $3.3 million increase in amortization of intangible assets from our strategic investments in 2021.
Provision (Benefit) for Credit Losses. The benefit for credit losses for first quarter of 2022 was primarily attributable to the update in our historical loss rate factor that is based on a 10-year rolling period. The historical loss rate decreased to 1.2 basis points as of March 31, 2022 compared to 1.8 basis points as of December 31, 2021. In response to improving unemployment statistics and the expected continued overall health of the multifamily market, we adjusted the loss rate for the forecast period downwards to four basis points as of March 31, 2021 from six basis points as of December 31, 2020, resulting in the benefit for risk-sharing obligations for the first quarter of 2021.
Other Operating Expenses. The increase primarily stemmed from a $2.5 million increase in office and other expenses and a $1.2 million increase in professional fees to support growth in our operations.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense is determined at a consolidated corporate level and allocated to each segment proportional-ly based on each segment’s income from operations.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
A reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA for our SAM segment is presented below. Our segment level adjusted EBITDA represents the segment portion of consolidated adjusted EBITDA. A detailed description and reconciliation of consolidated adjusted EBITDA is provided above in our Consolidated Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures. SAM adjusted EBITDA is reconciled to net income as follows:
ADJUSTED FINANCIAL METRIC RECONCILIATION TO GAAP
SERVICING & ASSET MANAGEMENT
For the three months ended | ||||||
March 31, | ||||||
(in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 | ||
Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA | ||||||
Net Income | $ | 32,716 | $ | 27,565 | ||
Income tax expense |
| 8,839 |
| 7,178 | ||
Amortization and depreciation |
| 54,931 |
| 45,378 | ||
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | (9,498) | (11,320) | ||||
Net write-offs | — | — | ||||
Share-based compensation expense |
| 785 |
| 618 | ||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 87,773 | $ | 69,419 |
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ADJUSTED EBITDA – THREE MONTHS
SERVICING & ASSET MANAGEMENT
For the three months ended | ||||||||||
March 31, | Dollar | Percentage | ||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Change |
| Change | |||
Loan origination and debt brokerage fees, net | $ | 487 | $ | 584 | $ | (97) | (17) | |||
Servicing fees |
| 72,681 |
| 65,978 |
| 6,703 | 10 | |||
Net warehouse interest income, loans held for investment |
| 1,243 |
| 2,096 |
| (853) | (41) | |||
Escrow earnings and other interest income |
| 1,758 |
| 1,999 |
| (241) | (12) | |||
Other revenues |
| 35,576 |
| 7,508 |
| 28,068 | 374 | |||
Personnel |
| (17,853) |
| (6,493) |
| (11,360) | 175 | |||
Net write-offs | — | — | — | N/A | ||||||
Other operating expenses |
| (6,119) |
| (2,253) |
| (3,866) | 172 | |||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 87,773 | $ | 69,419 | $ | 18,354 | 26 |
Servicing fees increased due to growth in the average servicing portfolio period over period as a result of loan originations and relatively few payoffs in the quarter. Other revenues increased primarily due to the addition of asset management and other fees and research subscription fees resulting from our acquisitions in the second of half of 2021 and an increase in prepayment penalties. Personnel and Other operating expenses increased due to growth in headcount and operations from the aforementioned acquisitions.
Corporate
FINANCIAL RESULTS – THREE MONTHS
CORPORATE
For the three months ended |
| |||||||||||
March 31, | Dollar | Percentage |
| |||||||||
(dollars in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Change |
| Change |
| |||
Revenues | ||||||||||||
Other interest income | $ | 45 | $ | 118 | $ | (73) | (62) | % | ||||
Other revenues |
| 44,089 |
| (1,286) |
| 45,375 | (3,528) | |||||
Total revenues | $ | 44,134 | $ | (1,168) | $ | 45,302 | (3,879) | |||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||
Personnel | $ | 26,817 | $ | 16,469 | $ | 10,348 | 63 | % | ||||
Amortization and depreciation |
| 1,221 |
| 972 |
| 249 | 26 | |||||
Interest expense on corporate debt |
| 6,405 |
| 1,765 |
| 4,640 | 263 | |||||
Other operating expenses |
| 19,984 |
| 11,932 |
| 8,052 | 67 | |||||
Total expenses | $ | 54,427 | $ | 31,138 | $ | 23,289 | 75 | |||||
Income from operations | $ | (10,293) | $ | (32,306) | $ | 22,013 | (68) | |||||
Income tax expense |
| (2,226) |
| (6,675) |
| 4,449 | (67) | |||||
Net income | $ | (8,067) | $ | (25,631) | $ | 17,564 | (69) | |||||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (36,393) | $ | (25,883) | $ | (10,510) | 41 | % | ||||
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Revenues
Other Revenues. The increase was primarily due to the $39.6 million Apprise revaluation gain. As part of our acquisition of GeoPhy, we acquired the other 50% interest in Apprise. The revaluation of our existing 50% ownership interest with a carrying value of $18.9 million to a fair value of $58.5 million resulted in a $39.6 million gain. The remaining increase was due to a $6.0 million increase in income from our other equity-method investments.
Expenses
Personnel. The increase was primarily the result of a $8.2 million increase in salaries and benefits and in the accrual for subjective bonuses due to the increase in average headcount and the Company’s financial performance and a $2.2 million increase in stock-based compensation expense due to higher stock-based compensation expense associated with our performance share plans due to the Company’s financial performance.
Interest expense on corporate debt. The increase was driven by an increase of slightly more than 100% in the size of our corporate debt during the fourth quarter of 2021 and an increase in interest expense related to a note payable at our subsidiary, Alliant, which we assumed in the fourth quarter of 2021.
Other Operating Expenses. The increase was primarily due to: (i) a $5.3 million increase in professional fees largely due to increases in legal and other professional fees related to our acquisitions and growth of the Company, (ii) a $1.2 million increase in office expenses related to the growth of the company and acquired offices, and (iii) a $1.1 million increase in travel and entertainment costs attributable to the growth of the Company and as travel and entertainment costs in 2021 were depressed due to the pandemic.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
A reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA for our Corporate segment is presented below. Our segment level adjusted EBITDA represents the segment portion of consolidated adjusted EBITDA. A detailed description and reconciliation of consolidated adjusted EBITDA is provided above in our Consolidated Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures. Corporate adjusted EBITDA is reconciled to net income as follows:
ADJUSTED FINANCIAL METRIC RECONCILIATION TO GAAP
CORPORATE
For the three months ended | ||||||
March 31, | ||||||
(in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 | ||
Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA | ||||||
Net Income | $ | (8,067) | $ | (25,631) | ||
Income tax expense |
| (2,226) |
| (6,675) | ||
Interest expense on corporate debt |
| 6,405 |
| 1,765 | ||
Amortization and depreciation |
| 1,221 |
| 972 | ||
Share-based compensation expense |
| 5,915 |
| 3,686 | ||
Gain from revaluation of previously held equity-method investment | (39,641) | — | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (36,393) | $ | (25,883) |
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The following table presents a period-to-period comparison of the components of Corporate adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.
ADJUSTED EBITDA – THREE MONTHS
CORPORATE
For the three months ended | ||||||||||
March 31, | Dollar | Percentage | ||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2022 |
| 2021 |
| Change |
| Change | |||
Other interest income |
| 45 |
| 118 |
| (73) | (62) | |||
Other revenues |
| 4,448 |
| (1,286) |
| 5,734 | (446) | |||
Personnel |
| (20,902) |
| (12,783) |
| (8,119) | 64 | |||
Other operating expenses |
| (19,984) |
| (11,932) |
| (8,052) | 67 | |||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (36,393) | $ | (25,883) | $ | (10,510) | 41 |
Other revenues increased primarily due to our equity method investments generating income in 2022 compared to losses in 2021. The increase in personnel expense were primarily due to increased salaries and benefits resulting from increases in average headcount and the Company’s financial performance. Other operating expenses increased as a result of the overall growth of the Company over the past year and from increased professional costs associated with acquisitions.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Uses of Liquidity, Cash and Cash Equivalents
Our significant recurring cash flow requirements consist of liquidity to (i) fund loans held for sale; (ii) fund loans held for investment under the Interim Loan Program; (iii) pay cash dividends; (iv) fund our portion of the equity necessary for the operations of the Interim Program JV, the Appraisalour appraisal JV, and other equity-method investments; (v) fund investments in properties to be syndicated to LIHTC investment funds that we will asset-manage;(vi) make payments related to earnouts from acquisitions, (vii) meet working capital needs to support our day-to-day operations, including debt service payments, joint venture development partnerships contributions, servicing advances and payments for salaries, commissions, and income taxes;taxes,; and (vi)(viii) meet working capital needs to satisfy collateral requirements for our Fannie Mae DUS risk-sharing obligations and to meet the operational liquidity requirements of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, Ginnie Mae, and our warehouse facility lenders.
Fannie Mae has established benchmark standards for capital adequacy and reserves the right to terminate our servicing authority for all or some of the portfolio if, at any time, it determines that our financial condition is not adequate to support our obligations under the DUS agreement. We are required to maintain acceptable net worth as defined in the standards, and we satisfied the requirements as of September 30, 2021.March 31, 2022. The net worth requirement is derived primarily from unpaid balances on Fannie Mae loans and the level of risk-sharing. As of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, the net worth requirement was $250.2$261.2 million, and our net worth was $1.1 billion,$704.8 million, as measured at our wholly owned operating subsidiary, Walker && Dunlop, LLC. As of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, we were required to maintain at least $49.5$51.8 million of liquid assets to meet our operational liquidity requirements for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, Ginnie Mae and our warehouse facility lenders. As of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, we had operational liquidity of $254.7$98.6 million, as measured at our wholly owned operating subsidiary, Walker && Dunlop, LLC.
We paid a cash dividend of $0.50$0.60 per share in each offor the first three quartersquarter of 2021,2022, which is 39%20% higher than the quarterly dividend paid in each of the first three quartersquarter of 2020.2021. On November 3, 2021, ourMay 4, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.50$0.60 per share for the fourthsecond quarter of 2021.2022. The dividend will be paid on November 29, 2021June 3, 2022 to all holders of record of the Company’sour restricted and unrestricted common stock as of NovemberMay 19, 2021.2022.
Over the past three years, we have returned $210.7$188.3 million to investors in the form of the repurchase of 1.50.5 million shares of our common stock under share repurchase programs for a cost of $72.0$30.5 million and cash dividend payments of $138.7$157.8 million. Additionally, we have invested $179.0$834.9 million in acquisitions. On occasion, we may use cash to fully fund some loans held for investment or loans held for sale instead of using our warehouse lines. As of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, we used corporate cash todid not fully fund loans held for investment with an unpaid principal balance of $53.0 million.any such loans. We continually seek opportunities to complete additional acquisitions if we believe the economics are favorable.
52
In February 2021,2022, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program that permits the repurchase of up to $75$75.0 million of shares of our common stock over a 12-month period beginning February 12, 2021.13, 2022. Through September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 we have not repurchased any shares under the 20212022 repurchase program and have $75.0 million of remaining capacity under that program.
Historically, our cash flows from operations and warehouse facilities have been sufficient to enable us to meet our short-term liquidity needs and other funding requirements. We believe that cash flows from operations will continue to be sufficient for us to meet our current obligations for the foreseeable future.
Restricted Cash and Pledged Securities
Restricted cash consists primarily of good faith deposits held on behalf of borrowers between the time we enter into a loan commitment with the borrower and the investor purchases the loan.loan and cash held in collection accounts to be used to fund the repayment of the Alliant note payable. We are generally required to share the risk of any losses associated with loans sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program, our only off-balance sheet arrangement. We are required to secure this obligation by assigning collateral to Fannie Mae. We meet this obligation by assigning pledged securities to Fannie Mae. The amount of collateral required by Fannie Mae is a formulaic calculation at the loan level and considers the balance of the loan, the risk level of the loan, the age of the loan, and the level of risk-sharing. Fannie Mae requires collateral for Tier 2 loans of 75 basis points, which is funded over a 48-month period that begins upon delivery
45
of the loan to Fannie Mae. Collateral held in the form of money market funds holding U.S. Treasuries is discounted 5%, and Agency MBS are discounted 4% for purposes of calculating compliance with the collateral requirements. As of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, we held substantially all of our restricted liquidity in Agency MBS in the aggregate amount of $97.2$107.6 million. Additionally, the majority of the loans for which we have risk-sharing are Tier 2 loans. We fund any growth in our Fannie Mae required operational liquidity and collateral requirements from our working capital.
We are in compliance with the September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 collateral requirements as outlined above. As of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, reserve requirements for the September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 DUS loan portfolio will require us to fund $64.2$68.2 million in additional restricted liquidity over the next 48 months, assuming no further principal paydowns, prepayments, or defaults within our at-risk portfolio. Fannie Mae has assessed the DUS Capital Standards in the past and may make changes to these standards in the future. We generate sufficient cash flows from our operations to meet these capital standards and do not expect any future changes to have a material impact on our future operations; however, any future changes to collateral requirements may adversely impact our available cash.
Under the provisions of the DUS agreement, we must also maintain a certain level of liquid assets referred to as the operational and unrestricted portions of the required reserves each year. We satisfied these requirements as of September 30, 2021.March 31, 2022.
Sources of Liquidity: Warehouse Facilities and Notes Payable
Warehouse Facilities
The following table provides information related to ourWe utilize a combination of warehouse facilities as of September 30, 2021.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2021 | | | ||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) |
| Committed |
| Uncommitted | | Total Facility | | Outstanding |
| | ||||
Facility(1) | | Amount | | Amount | | Capacity | | Balance | | Interest rate(2) | ||||
Agency Warehouse Facility #1 | | $ | 425,000 | | $ | — | | $ | 425,000 | | $ | 277,872 |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% |
Agency Warehouse Facility #2 | |
| 700,000 | |
| 300,000 | |
| 1,000,000 | |
| 346,047 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% |
Agency Warehouse Facility #3 | |
| 600,000 | |
| 265,000 | |
| 865,000 | |
| 378,624 |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% |
Agency Warehouse Facility #4 | |
| 350,000 | |
| — | |
| 350,000 | |
| 136,616 |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% |
Agency Warehouse Facility #5 | | | — | | | 1,000,000 | | | 1,000,000 | | | 885,308 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.45% |
Agency Warehouse Facility #6 | | | 150,000 | | | 100,000 | | | 250,000 | | | 118,124 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.40% |
Agency Warehouse Facility #7 | | | 150,000 | | | 50,000 | | | 200,000 | | | 92,293 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.30% |
Total National Bank Agency Warehouse Facilities | | $ | 2,375,000 | | $ | 1,715,000 | | $ | 4,090,000 | | $ | 2,234,884 | | |
Fannie Mae repurchase agreement, uncommitted line and open maturity | | $ | — | | $ | 1,500,000 | | $ | 1,500,000 | | $ | 482,861 | | |
Total Agency Warehouse Facilities | | | 2,375,000 | | | 3,215,000 | | | 5,590,000 | | | 2,717,745 | | |
Interim Warehouse Facility #1 | | $ | 135,000 | | $ | — | | $ | 135,000 | | $ | — |
| 30-day LIBOR plus 1.90% |
Interim Warehouse Facility #2 | | | 100,000 | | | — | | | 100,000 | | | — | | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.65% to 2.00% |
Interim Warehouse Facility #3 | | | 200,000 | | | — | | | 200,000 | | | 111,817 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 1.75% to 3.25% |
Interim Warehouse Facility #4 | | | 19,810 | | | — | | | 19,810 | | | 19,810 | | 30-day LIBOR plus 3.00% |
Total National Bank Interim Warehouse Facilities | | | 454,810 | | | — | | | 454,810 | | | 131,627 | | |
Total warehouse facilities | | $ | 2,829,810 | | $ | 3,215,000 | | $ | 6,044,810 | | $ | 2,849,372 | | |
Agency Warehouse Facilities
As of September 30, 2021, we had sevenand notes payable to provide funding for our operations. We utilize warehouse lines of credit in the aggregate amount of $4.1 billion with certain national banks and a $1.5 billion uncommitted facility with Fannie Mae (collectively, the “Agency Warehouse Facilities”) that we usefacilities to fund substantially all of our loan originations. The seven warehouse facilities are revolving commitments we expect to renew annually (consistent with industry practice),Agency Lending, Interim Loan Program, and the Fannie Mae facility is provided on an uncommitted basis without a specific maturity date.LIHTC operations. Our ability to originate Agency mortgage loans and loans held for investments depends upon our ability to secure and maintain these types of short-term financing agreements on acceptable terms.
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Agency Warehouse Facility #1:Notes Payable
We have a warehousingsenior secured credit and security agreement with a national bank(the “Credit Agreement”) that provides for a $425.0$600 million committed warehouse line that is scheduled to mature on December 24, 2021. The agreement provides us with the ability to fund Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, and FHA loans. Advances are made at 100% of theterm loan balance and borrowings under this line bear interest at the 30-day London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”(the “Term Loan”) plus 130 basis points. During the second quarter of 2021, we executed an amendment that decreased the borrowing rate to 30-day LIBOR plus 130 basis points from 30-day LIBOR plus 140 basis points and decreased the 30-day LIBOR floor to zero from 25 basis points. In October 2021, we executed an amendment to the agreement that extended the maturity date to December 24, 2021.No other material modifications have been made to the agreement in 2021.
Agency Warehouse Facility #2:
We have a warehousing credit and security agreement with a national bank for a $700.0 million committed warehouse line that is scheduled to mature on April 14, 2022. The committed warehouse facility provides us with the ability to fund Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, and FHA loans. Advances are made at 100% of the loan balance, and borrowings under this line bear interest at the 30-day LIBOR plus 130 basis points. In addition to the committed borrowing capacity, the agreement provides $300.0 million of uncommitted borrowing capacity that bears interest at the same rate as the committed facility. During the second quarter of 2021, we executed amendments that extended the maturity date thereunder until April 14, 2022 and decreased the borrowing rate to 30-day LIBORAdjusted Term SOFR plus 130 basis points from 30-day LIBOR plus 140 basis points. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
Agency Warehouse Facility #3:
We have a $600.0 million committed warehouse credit and security agreement with a national bank that is scheduled to mature on May 14, 2022. The committed warehouse facility provides us with the ability to fund Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, and FHA loans. Advances are made at 100% of the loan balance, and the borrowings under the warehouse agreement bear interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 130 basis points. During the second quarter of 2021, we executed amendments that extended the maturity date to May 14, 2022 for the committed borrowing capacity. Additionally, the amendments increased the borrowing rate to 30-day LIBOR plus 130 basis points from 30-day LIBOR plus 115 basis points and decreased the 30-day LIBOR floor to zero basis points from 50 basis points. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
Agency Warehouse Facility #4:
We have a $350.0 million committed warehouse credit and security agreement with a national bank that is scheduled to mature on June 22, 2022. The warehouse facility provides us with the ability to fund Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, FHA, and defaulted HUD and FHA loans and has a sublimit of $75.0 million to fund defaulted HUD and FHA loans. Advances are made at 100% of the loan balance, and the borrowings under the warehouse agreement bear interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 130 basis points. During the second quarter of 2021, we executed an amendment that extended the maturity date thereunder until June 22, 2022, decreased the borrowing rate to 30-day LIBOR plus 130 basis points from 30-day LIBOR plus 140 basis points, and decreased the 30-day LIBOR floor to five basis points from 25 basis points. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
Agency Warehouse Facility #5:
We have a master repurchase agreement with a national bank for a $1.0 billion uncommitted advance credit facility that is scheduled to mature on September 15, 2022. The facility provides us with the ability to fund Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, and FHA loans. Advances are made at 100% of the loan balance, and the borrowings under the repurchase agreement bear interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 145 basis points. During the third quarter of 2021, we executed amendments to the agreement related to Agency Warehouse Facility #5 that extended the maturity date to September 15, 2022. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
Agency Warehouse Facility #6:
During the first quarter of 2021, we entered into an agreement with a national bank to establish Agency Warehouse Facility #6. The facility has a $150.0 million committed borrowing capacity and provides us with the ability to fund Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, and FHA loans under the facility. Advances are made at 100% of the loan balance, and the borrowings under the warehouse agreement bear interest at a
47
rate of LIBOR plus 140 basis points. The agreement also provides $100.0 million of uncommitted borrowing capacity that bears interest at the same rate as the committed facility. The negative and financial covenants of the warehouse agreement substantially conform to those of the warehouse agreement for Agency Warehouse Facility #1, as described in our 2020 Form 10-K. No material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
Agency Warehouse Facility #7:
During the third quarter of 2021, we entered into an agreement to establish Agency Warehouse Facility #7. The warehouse facility has a $150.0 million maximum committed borrowing capacity, provides us with the ability to fund Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, and FHA loans, and matures on August 24, 2022. Advances are made at 100% of the loan balance, and the borrowings under the warehouse agreement bear interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 130 basis points. In addition to the committed borrowing capacity, the agreement provides $50.0 million of uncommitted borrowing capacity that bears interest at the same rate as the committed facility. The negative and financial covenants of the warehouse agreement substantially conform to those of the warehouse agreement for Agency Warehouse Facility #1, as described in our 2020 Form 10-K. No material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
Uncommitted Agency Warehouse Facility:
We have a $1.5 billion uncommitted facility with Fannie Mae under its ASAP funding program. After approval of certain loan documents, Fannie Mae will fund loans after closing, and the advances are used to repay the primary warehouse line. Fannie Mae will advance 99% of the loan balance. There is no expiration date for this facility. The uncommitted facility has no specific negative or financial covenants.
Interim Warehouse Facilities
To assist in funding loans held for investment under the Interim Loan Program, we have four warehouse facilities with certain national banks in the aggregate amount of $454.8 million as of September 30, 2021 (“Interim Warehouse Facilities”). Consistent with industry practice, three of these facilities are revolving commitments we expect to renew annually or bi-annually, and one is a commitment that matures according to the maturity date of the underlying loan it finances. Our ability to originate loans held for investment depends upon our ability to secure and maintain these types of short-term financings on acceptable terms.
Interim Warehouse Facility #1:
We have a $135.0 million committed warehouse line agreement that is scheduled to mature on May 14, 2022. The facility provides us with the ability to fund first mortgage loans on multifamily real estate properties for periods of up to three years, using available cash in combination with advances under the facility. Borrowings under the facility are full recourse to the Company and bear interest at 30-day LIBOR plus 190 basis points. Repayments under the credit agreement are interest-only, with principal repayments made upon the earlier of the refinancing of an underlying mortgage or the maturity of an advance under the credit agreement. During the second quarter of 2021, we executed amendments that extended the maturity date to May 14, 2022 and decreased the 30-day LIBOR floor to zero basis points from 50 basis points. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
Interim Warehouse Facility #2:
We have a $100.0 million committed warehouse line agreement that is scheduled to mature on December 13, 2021. The agreement provides us with the ability to fund first mortgage loans on multifamily real estate properties for periods of up to three years, using available cash in combination with advances under the facility. Borrowings under the facility are full recourse to the Company. All borrowings originally bear interest at 30-day LIBOR plus 165 to 200 basis points (“the spread”). The spread varies according to the type of asset the borrowing finances. The lender retains a first priority security interest in all mortgages funded by such advances on a cross-collateralized basis. Repayments under the credit agreement are interest-only, with principal repayments made upon the earlier of the refinancing of an underlying mortgage or the maturity of an advance under the credit agreement. No material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
Interim Warehouse Facility #3:
We have a $200.0 million repurchase agreement with a national bank that is scheduled to mature on September 29, 2022. The agreement provides us with the ability to fund first mortgage loans on multifamily real estate properties for periods of up to three years, using available
48
cash in combination with advances under the facility. Borrowings under the facility are full recourse to the Company. The borrowings under the agreement bear interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 175 to 325 basis points. The spread varies according to the type of asset the borrowing finances. Repayments under the credit agreement are interest-only, with principal repayments made upon the earlier of the refinancing of an underlying mortgage or the maturity of an advance under the credit agreement. During the third quarter of 2021, we executed amendments to the agreement related to Interim Warehouse Facility #3 that extended the maturity date to September 29, 2022, increased the committed borrowing capacity to $200.0 million, and eliminated the uncommitted borrowing capacity. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
Interim Warehouse Facility #4:
We have a $19.8 million committed warehouse loan and security agreement with a national bank that funds one specific loan. The agreement provides for a maturity date to coincide with the earlier of the maturity date for the underlying loan or the stated maturity date of October 1, 2022. Borrowings under the facility are full recourse and bear interest at 30-day LIBOR plus 300225 basis points with a floor of 45050 basis points. Repayments under the credit agreement are interest-only, with principal repayments made upon the earlier of the refinancing of an underlying mortgage or the maturity of an advance under the credit agreement. The committed warehouse loanpoints and security agreement has only two financial covenants, both of which are similar to the other Interim Warehouse Facilities. We may request additional capacity under the agreement to fund specific loans. In October 2021, we executed an amendment related to Interim Warehouse Facility #4 that extended the stated maturity date to October 1, 2022. No other material modifications have been made to the agreement during 2021.
The warehouse agreements above contain cross-default provisions, such that if a default occurs under any of our warehouse agreements, generally the lenders under our other warehouse agreements could also declare a default. As of September 30, 2021, we were in compliance with all of our warehouse line covenants.
We believe that the combination of our capital and warehouse facilities is adequate to meet our loan origination needs.
Note Payable
On November 7, 2018, we entered into a senior secured credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) that amended and restated our prior credit agreement and provided for a $300.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan”). The Term Loan was issued at a 0.5% discount, has a stated maturity date of November 7, 2025, and bears interest at 30-day LIBOR plus 200 basis points.December 16, 2028 (or, if earlier, the date of acceleration of the Term Loan pursuant to the term of the Credit Agreement). At any time, we may also elect to request one or more incremental term loan commitments not to exceed $150.0the lesser of $230 million and 100% of trailing four-quarter Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, provided that the total indebtedness would not cause the leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to exceed 2.003.00 to 1.00.
We are obligated to repay the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan in consecutive quarterly installments equal to $0.7 million on the last business day of eachAs of March June, September, and December. The Term Loan also requires certain other prepayments in certain circumstances pursuant to31, 2022, the terms
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outstanding principal of the Term Loan on such date (together with all accrued interest thereon).
Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by Walker & Dunlop Multifamily, Inc., Walker & Dunlop, LLC, Walker & Dunlop Capital, LLC, and W&D BE, Inc., each of which is a direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (together with the Company, the “Loan Parties”), pursuant to the Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement entered into on November 7, 2018 among the Loan Parties and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (the “Guarantee and Collateral Agreement”). Subject to certain exceptions and qualifications contained in the Credit Agreement, the Company is required to cause any newly created or acquired subsidiary, unless such subsidiary has been designated as an Excluded Subsidiary (as defined in the Credit Agreement) by the Company in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement, to guarantee the obligations of the Company under the Credit Agreement and become a party to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement. The Company may designate a newly created or acquired subsidiary as an Excluded Subsidiary, so long as certain conditions and requirements provided for in the Credit Agreement are met. As of September 30, 2021, the outstanding unpaid principal balance of the Term Loan was $292.5$598.5 million.
The note payable and the warehouse facilities are senior obligations of the Company. As of September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all such covenants related to the Credit Agreement.
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To allow usthe terms of the Credit Agreement, refer to fund the acquisition of Alliant, we are currently“Notes Payable – Term Loan Note Payable” in NOTE 6 in the process of refinancing and upsizingconsolidated financial statements in our Note payable (“existing term loan”)2021 Form 10-K. There have been no changes to $600 million. the Credit Agreement in 2022.
We have received commitments wella note payable through our wholly owned subsidiary Alliant, which has an outstanding balance of $132.9 million as of March 31, 2022 and bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.75%. The note has a stated maturity of January 15, 2035 and requires quarterly payments of principal, interest, and other required priority items shortly after the beginning of each quarter as further detailed in excess“Notes Payable – Alliant Note Payable” in NOTE 6 in the consolidated financial statements in our 2021 Form 10-K. There have no changes to the terms of the $600 million targeted amount. The new term loan is expected to closenote during the fourth quarter of 2021 simultaneously with the closing of the acquisition of Alliant. The proceeds from the new term loan will be used to repay the existing term loan and to fund a significant amount of the $361 million cash due at the closing of the acquisition of Alliant. The new term loan is expected to have a term of seven years.2022.
Credit Quality and Allowance for Risk-Sharing Obligations
The following table sets forth certain information useful in evaluating our credit performance.
| | | | | | | | |||||||
| | September 30, |
| |||||||||||
| March 31, | |||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
|
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||||
Key Credit Metrics | | | | | | | | |||||||
Risk-sharing servicing portfolio: | | | | | | | | |||||||
Fannie Mae Full Risk | | $ | 44,069,885 | | $ | 37,018,792 | | $ | 46,194,756 | $ | 41,152,790 | |||
Fannie Mae Modified Risk | |
| 8,235,475 | |
| 9,165,490 | |
| 7,794,710 |
| 8,941,234 | |||
Freddie Mac Modified Risk | |
| 36,883 | |
| 52,685 | |
| 23,715 |
| 37,006 | |||
Total risk-sharing servicing portfolio | | $ | 52,342,243 | | $ | 46,236,967 | | $ | 54,013,181 | $ | 50,131,030 | |||
| | | | | | | | |||||||
Non-risk-sharing servicing portfolio: | | | | | | | | |||||||
Fannie Mae No Risk | | $ | 12,593 | | $ | 40,267 | | $ | 11,084 | $ | 19,052 | |||
Freddie Mac No Risk | |
| 38,002,131 | |
| 35,673,424 | |
| 36,941,470 |
| 37,658,456 | |||
GNMA - HUD No Risk | |
| 9,894,893 | |
| 9,639,820 | |
| 9,954,262 |
| 9,754,667 | |||
Brokered | |
| 13,429,801 | |
| 11,513,521 | |
| 15,115,619 |
| 12,090,825 | |||
Total non-risk-sharing servicing portfolio | | $ | 61,339,418 | | $ | 56,867,032 | | $ | 62,022,435 | $ | 59,523,000 | |||
Total loans serviced for others | | $ | 113,681,661 | | $ | 103,103,999 | | $ | 116,035,616 | $ | 109,654,030 | |||
Interim loans (full risk) servicing portfolio | |
| 238,713 | |
| 273,754 | |
| 221,649 |
| 213,240 | |||
Total servicing portfolio unpaid principal balance | | $ | 113,920,374 | | $ | 103,377,753 | | $ | 116,257,265 | $ | 109,867,270 | |||
| | | | | | | | |||||||
Interim Program JV Managed Loans (1) | | | 918,518 | | | 639,466 | | 930,296 | 660,999 | |||||
| | | | | | | | |||||||
At risk servicing portfolio (2) | | $ | 48,209,532 | | $ | 41,848,548 | | $ | 50,176,521 | $ | 45,796,952 | |||
Maximum exposure to at risk portfolio (3) | |
| 9,784,054 | |
| 8,497,807 | |
| 10,178,454 |
| 9,304,440 | |||
Defaulted loans | |
| 48,481 | |
| 48,481 | |
| 78,659 |
| 48,481 | |||
| | | | | | | | |||||||
Defaulted loans as a percentage of the at-risk portfolio | | | 0.10 | % | | 0.12 | % | 0.16 | % | 0.11 | % | |||
Allowance for risk-sharing as a percentage of the at-risk portfolio | | | 0.13 | | | 0.17 | | 0.11 | 0.14 | |||||
Allowance for risk-sharing as a percentage of maximum exposure | | | 0.63 | | | 0.83 | | 0.52 | 0.69 |
(1) | As of |
(2) | At-risk servicing portfolio is defined as the balance of Fannie Mae DUS loans subject to the risk-sharing formula described below, as well as a small number of Freddie Mac loans on which we share in the risk of loss. Use of the at-risk portfolio provides for comparability of the full risk-sharing and modified risk-sharing loans because the provision and allowance for risk-sharing obligations are based on the at-risk balances of the associated loans. Accordingly, we have presented the key statistics as a percentage of the at-risk portfolio. |
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For example, a $15 million loan with 50% risk-sharing has the same potential risk exposure as a $7.5 million loan with full DUS risk sharing. Accordingly, if the $15 million loan with 50% risk-sharing were to default, we would view the overall loss as a percentage of the at-risk balance, or $7.5 million, to ensure comparability between all risk-sharing obligations. To date, substantially all of the risk-sharing obligations that we have settled have been from full risk-sharing loans.
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(3) | Represents the maximum loss we would incur under our risk-sharing obligations if all of the loans we service, for which we retain some risk of loss, were to default and all of the collateral underlying these loans was determined to be without value at the time of settlement. The maximum exposure is not representative of the actual loss we would incur. |
Fannie Mae DUS risk-sharing obligations are based on a tiered formula and represent substantially all of our risk-sharing activities. The risk-sharing tiers and the amount of the risk-sharing obligations we absorb under full risk-sharing are provided below. Except as described in the following paragraph, the maximum amount of risk-sharing obligations we absorb at the time of default is generally 20% of the origination unpaid principal balance (“UPB”(“UPB”) of the loan.
Risk-Sharing Losses |
| Percentage Absorbed by Us | |
First 5% of UPB at the time of loss settlement | 100% | ||
Next 20% of UPB at the time of loss settlement | 25% | ||
Losses above 25% of UPB at the time of loss settlement | 10% | ||
Maximum loss |
| 20% of origination UPB |
Fannie Mae can double or triple our risk-sharing obligation if the loan does not meet specific underwriting criteria or if a loan defaults within 12 months of its sale to Fannie Mae. We may request modified risk-sharing at the time of origination, which reduces our potential risk-sharing obligation from the levels described above.
We use several techniques to manage our risk exposure under the Fannie Mae DUS risk-sharing program. These techniques include maintaining a strong underwriting and approval process, evaluating and modifying our underwriting criteria given the underlying multifamily housing market fundamentals, limiting our geographic market and borrower exposures, and electing the modified risk-sharing option under the Fannie Mae DUS program.
The “Business”“Business” section of “Item“Item 2. Management’sManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”Operations” contains a discussion of the risk-sharing caps we have with Fannie Mae.
We regularly monitor the credit quality of all loans for which we have a risk-sharing obligation. Loans with indicators of underperforming credit are placed on a watch list, assigned a numerical risk rating based on our assessment of the relative credit weakness, and subjected to additional evaluation or loss mitigation. Indicators of underperforming credit include poor financial performance, poor physical condition, poor management, and delinquency. A collateral-based reserve is recorded when it is probable that a risk-sharing loan will foreclose or has foreclosed, and a reserve for estimated credit losses and a guaranty obligation are recorded for all other risk-sharing loans.
As a result of the onset of the pandemic and the resulting forecasts for significant unemployment ratesThe calculated CECL reserve for the remainder of 2020, we adjusted the loss rate for the forecast period CECL reserve, resulting in a total allowance for risk-sharing obligation of $70.5 millionCompany’s $49.7 billion at-risk Fannie Mae servicing portfolio as of September 30, 2020, or 17 basis points of the at-risk balance. During the first three quarters of 2021, economic conditions improved significantly, with reported unemployment rates and forecasts for future unemployment rates at improved ratesMarch 31, 2022 was $42.5 million compared to both December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020. In response to the improving unemployment statistics, we adjusted the loss rate for the forecast period downwards during 2021, contributing $13.0 million of the $13.7 million benefit for risk-sharing obligations and a decrease in the allowance for risk-sharing obligations to $61.6 million as of September 30, 2021 from $75.3$52.3 million as of December 31, 2020, or 13 basis points and 17 basis points of2021. The significant decrease in the at-risk balance as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.CECL reserve was principally related to a reduction in our historical loss factor.
As of September 30, 2021, and 2020, twoMarch 31, 2022, three at-risk loans with an aggregate UPB of $78.7 million were in default compared to two loans with an aggregated UPB of $48.5 million in our at-risk portfolio were in default. We had a provision for risk-sharing obligationsas of $1.3March 31, 2021. The collateral-based reserve on defaulted loans was $10.8 million for both the three months ended September 30,and $7.6 million as of March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, and 2020. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the provision was entirely the result of increases in the balance of the at-risk servicing portfolio.respectively. We had a benefit for risk-sharing obligations of $13.7$9.4 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 compared to a provisionbenefit for risk-sharing obligations of $28.9$10.7 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the majority of the benefit for risk-sharing obligations was the result of a decrease in the CECL reserve due to improved unemployment forecasts partially offset by increases in the balance of the at-risk servicing portfolio. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the majority of the provision was the result of an increase in the forecasted losses resulting from the pandemic.March 31, 2021.
We have never been required to repurchase a loan.
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New/Recent Accounting Pronouncements
As seen in NOTE 2 in the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there are no accounting pronouncements that the Financial Accounting Standards Board has issued and that have the potential to impact us but have not yet been adopted by us as of September 30, 2021.March 31, 2022.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative DisclosureDisclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
For loans held for sale to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and HUD, we are not currently exposed to unhedged interest rate risk during the loan commitment, closing, and delivery processes. The sale or placement of each loan to an investor is negotiated prior to closing on the loan with the borrower, and the sale or placement is typically effectuated within 60 days of closing. The coupon rate for the loan is set at the same time we establish the interest rate with the investor.
Some of our assets and liabilities are subject to changes in interest rates. Earnings from escrows generally track 30-day LIBOR. 30-day LIBOR as of September 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 was eight45 basis points and 1511 basis points, respectively. The following table shows the impact on our annual escrow earnings due to a 100-basis point increase and decrease in 30-day LIBOR based on our escrow balances outstanding at each period end. A portion of these changes in earnings as a result of a 100-basis point increase in the 30-day LIBOR would be delayed several months due to the negotiated nature of some of our escrow arrangements.
| | | | | | | | |||||||
| | As of September 30, | | |||||||||||
As of March 31, | ||||||||||||||
Change in annual escrow earnings due to: (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
|
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||||
100 basis point increase in 30-day LIBOR | | $ | 29,824 | | $ | 27,521 | | $ | 24,807 | $ | 25,292 | |||
100 basis point decrease in 30-day LIBOR(1) | |
| (2,357) | |
| (3,500) | |
| (4,543) |
| (2,594) |
The borrowing cost of our warehouse facilities used to fund loans held for sale, and loans held for investment, and investments in tax credit equity is based on LIBOR.LIBOR or Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The base SOFR was 29 basis points as of March 31, 2022. The interest income on our loans held for investment is based on LIBOR. The LIBOR reset date for loans held for investment is the same date as the LIBOR reset date for the corresponding warehouse facility. The following table shows the impact on our annual net warehouse interest income due to a 100-basis point increase and decrease in 30-day LIBOR or Adjusted Term SOFR, based on our warehouse borrowings outstanding at each period end. The changes shown below do not reflect an increase or decrease in the interest rate earned on our loans held for sale.
| | | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, | | ||||
Change in annual net warehouse interest income due to: (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 | | ||
100 basis point increase in 30-day LIBOR | | $ | (26,212) | | $ | (29,530) | |
100 basis point decrease in 30-day LIBOR (1) | |
| 1,684 | |
| 3,695 | |
As of March 31, | |||||||
Change in annual net warehouse interest income due to: (in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 | |||
100 basis point increase in SOFR or 30-day LIBOR | $ | (8,929) | $ | (8,744) | |||
100 basis point decrease in SOFR or 30-day LIBOR (1)(2) |
| 3,295 |
| 540 |
All of our corporate debtOur Term Loan is based on Adjusted Term SOFR as of March 31, 2022. In December 2021, we fully paid the prior $300 million term loan agreement, which was based on interest at 30-day LIBOR.LIBOR and entered into a $600 million note payable with an interest based Adjusted Term SOFR and a SOFR floor of 50 basis points. The following table shows the impact on our annual earnings due to a 100-basis point increase and decrease in SOFR or 30-day LIBOR as of March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively, based on our notecurrent and previous notes payable balance outstanding at each period end. The Alliant note payable is fixed-rate debt; therefore, there is no impact to our earnings related to this debt when interest rates change.
| | | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, | | ||||
Change in annual income from operations due to: (in thousands) |
| 2021 |
| 2020 | | ||
100 basis point increase in 30-day LIBOR | | $ | (2,925) | | $ | (2,955) | |
100 basis point decrease in 30-day LIBOR (1) | |
| 235 | |
| 433 | |
As of March 31, | |||||||
Change in annual income from operations due to: (in thousands) |
| 2022 |
| 2021 | |||
100 basis point increase in SOFR or 30-day LIBOR | $ | (4,728) | $ | (2,940) | |||
100 basis point decrease in SOFR or 30-day LIBOR (1)(2)(3) |
| — |
| 327 |
(1) | The decrease as of March 31, 2021 is limited to |
(2) | The decrease as of March 31, 2022 is limited to 30-day LIBOR or SOFR as of March 31, 2022, as they were less than 100 basis points, or the interest rate floor, if applicable. |
(3) | As of March 31, 2022, the SOFR floor of 50 basis points was in effect, resulting in no impact from a 100-basis point decrease in SOFR. |
Market Value Risk
The fair value of our MSRs is subject to market-value risk. A 100-basis point increase or decrease in the weighted average discount rate would decrease or increase, respectively, the fair value of our MSRs by approximately $39.1 million as of March 31, 2022 compared to $36.0
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million as of March 31, 2021. Our Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac servicing engagements provide for prepayment fees in the event of a voluntary prepayment prior to the expiration of the prepayment protection period. Our servicing contracts with institutional investors and HUD do not require them to provide us with prepayment fees. As of March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, 85% of the servicing fees are protected from the risk of prepayment through prepayment provisions; given this significant level of prepayment protection, we do not hedge our servicing portfolio for prepayment risk.
London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) Transition
In the first quarter of 2021, the United Kingdom’sKingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, the regulator for the administration of LIBOR, announced specific dates for its intention to stop publishing LIBOR rates, including the 30-day LIBOR (our primary reference rate) which is scheduled for June 30, 2023. It is expected that legacy LIBOR-based loans will transition to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”(“SOFR”) on or before June 30, 2023. With respect to the loans we underwrite and service, we have been working closely with the GSEs on this matter through our participation on subcommittees and advisory councils. We continue to monitor our LIBOR exposure, review legal contracts and assess fallback language impacts, engage with our clients and other stakeholders, and monitor developments associated with LIBOR alternatives.
Market Value Risk
The fair valueWe have also updated our debt agreements with warehouse facility providers to include fallback language governing the transition and have already transitioned our Term Loan and three of our MSRs is subjectwarehouse facilities to market risk. A 100-basis point increase or decreaseSOFR, and a fourth warehouse facility in the weighted-average discount rate would decrease or increase, respectively, the fair valuesecond quarter of our MSRs by approximately $37.2 million as of September 30, 2021, compared to $29.1
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million as of September 30, 2020. Our Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac servicing engagements provide for prepayment fees in the event of a voluntary prepayment prior to the expiration of the prepayment protection period. Our servicing contracts with institutional investors and HUD do not require them to provide us with prepayment fees. As of September 30, 2021, 89% of the servicing fees are protected from the risk of prepayment through prepayment provisions compared to 87% as of September 30, 2020. Given this significant level of prepayment protection, we do not hedge our servicing portfolio for prepayment risk.2022.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Based on that evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’sCommission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We acquired Alliant on December 16, 2021 and GeoPhy on February 28, 2022. We have integrated the accounting processes and internal controls over financial reporting for Alliant and its affiliates into our internal control over financial reporting environment. The operations of GeoPhy are immaterial.
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, we may be party to various claims and litigation, none of which we believe is material. We cannot predict the outcome of any pending litigation and may be subject to consequences that could include fines, penalties and other costs, and our reputation and business may be impacted. Our management believes that any liability that could be imposed on us in connection with the disposition of any pending lawsuits would not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, liquidity, or financial condition.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We have included in Part I, Item 1A of our 20202021 Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A of our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021, descriptions of certain risks and uncertainties that could affect our business, future performance, or financial condition (the “Risk Factors”“Risk Factors”). Except as described below, thereThere have been no material changes from the disclosures provided in the 20202021 Form 10-K or our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021 with respect to the Risk Factors. Investors should consider the Risk Factors prior to making an investment decision with respect to the Company’sCompany’s stock.
Our acquisition of Alliant may not be completed on the terms or timeline currently contemplated, or at all.
On August 30, 2021, we entered into a Purchase Agreement to acquire Alliant and certain of its affiliates (the “Acquisition”). The closing of the Acquisition is subject to certain conditions, including required regulatory approvals and consents of Alliant’s investor and lender partners. It is not certain that these conditions will be met or waived, that the required approvals will be obtained, or that we will be able to successfully consummate the Acquisition as provided for in the Purchase Agreement, or at all. We face risks and uncertainties due both to the pendency of the Acquisition as well as the potential failure to consummate the Acquisition, including:
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The occurrence of any of these events individually or in combination could have a material adverse effect on our stock price, business and cash flows, results of operations and financial position.
We may not be able to successfully integrate Alliant’s businesses into the Company in a timely fashion or at all and may encounter significant unexpected difficulties in integrating the businesses.
The Company and Alliant are independent organizations, each utilizing different systems, controls, processes and procedures. Following completion of the Acquisition, our ability to fully realize the anticipated benefits of the Acquisition will depend, to a large extent, on our ability to integrate Alliant’s businesses into the Company. The overall integration may result in unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities, loss of client relationships, expenditure of resources and distraction of management and other employees. The difficulties of combining the operations include:
Therefore, there can be no assurance that the integration of Alliant’s businesses will result in the realization of the full benefits anticipated from the Acquisition.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, subject to the Company’sCompany’s approval, grantees have the option of electing to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations at the time of vesting or exercise by allowing the Company to withhold and purchase the shares of stock otherwise issuable to the grantee. During the quarter ended September 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, we purchased 14195 thousand shares to satisfy grantee tax withholding obligations on share-vesting events. During the first quarter of 2021,2022, the Company’sCompany’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program that permits the repurchase of up to $75.0 million of the Company’sCompany’s common stock over a 12-month period beginning on February 12, 2021.13, 2022. During the quarter ended September 30, 2021March 31, 2022 we did not repurchase any shares under this share repurchase program. The Company had $75.0 million of authorized share repurchase capacity remaining as of September 30, 2021.March 31, 2022. The following table provides information regarding common stock repurchases for the quarter ended September 30, 2021:March 31, 2022:
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| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Total Number of | | Approximate | | ||
| | | | | | | Shares Purchased as | | Dollar Value | | |
| | Total Number | | Average | | Part of Publicly | | of Shares that May | | ||
|
| of Shares |
| Price Paid |
| Announced Plans |
| Yet Be Purchased Under | | ||
Period | | Purchased | | per Share | | or Programs | | the Plans or Programs | | ||
July 1-31, 2021 |
| 4,447 | | | 104.46 | | — | | $ | 75,000 | |
August 1-31, 2021 |
| 661 | | | 103.48 | | — | | | 75,000 | |
September 1-30, 2021 |
| 8,605 | | | 110.50 | | — | | | 75,000 | |
3rd Quarter | | 13,713 | | $ | 108.21 | | — | | | 75,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Number of | Approximate | ||||||||||
Shares Purchased as | Dollar Value | ||||||||||
Total Number | Average | Part of Publicly | of Shares that May | ||||||||
| of Shares |
| Price Paid |
| Announced Plans |
| Yet Be Purchased Under | ||||
Period | Purchased | per Share | or Programs | the Plans or Programs | |||||||
January 1-31, 2022 | 5,985 | 138.18 | — | 75,000,000 | |||||||
February 1-28, 2022 | 156,391 | 139.75 | — | 75,000,000 | |||||||
March 1-31, 2022 | 33,055 | 131.32 | — | 75,000,000 | |||||||
1st Quarter | 195,431 | $ | 138.28 | — |
On July 13, 2021,January 31, 2022, we issued 50,21966,667 shares (the “Shares”“Shares”) of our common stock as partialearnout consideration for our purchase of the controllingnoncontrolling interest of Zelman. Allfrom one of the members of WDIS in August 2020. The Shares are prohibited from being transferred until July 13, 2022.January 31, 2023. The issuance of the Shares was deemed to be exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”“Securities Act”), in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits:
2.1 | ||
2.2 | ||
2.3 | ||
2.4 | ||
2.5 |
| |
2.6 | ||
3.1 | ||
3.2 | ||
4.1 | ||
4.2 | ||
4.3 | ||
4.4 | ||
4.5 | ||
4.6 | ||
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| |
31.1 | * | |
31.2 | * | |
32 | ** | |
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document | |
101.SCH | * | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
101.CAL | * | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
101.DEF | * | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
101.LAB | * | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
101.PRE | * | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained an Exhibit 101) |
*: Filed herewith.
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**: Furnished herewith. Information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q furnished herewith shall not be deemed to be “filed”“filed” for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”“Exchange Act”) or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in
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such a filing.
Schedules (or similar attachments) have been omitted from this exhibit pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company will furnish copies of any such schedules (or similar attachments) to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Walker
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Date: | By: | /s/ William M. Walker | ||
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| William M. Walker | ||
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| Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||
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| ||
Date: | By: | /s/ Stephen P. Theobald | ||
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| Stephen P. Theobald | ||
|
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
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