UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-40612

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland

86-3947794

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

185 E Lincoln Highway

Coatesville, PA 19320

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(610) 384-8282

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading symbol	Name of Exchange on which registered
Common Shares, par value $0.01 per share	PBBK	The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer ☐


Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒	Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As Common Stock, $0.01 par value - ~~2,739,461~~2,714,967 shares outstanding as of November ~~9, 2022.~~10, 2023.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page

Part I	Financial Information

Item 1.	Financial Statements	3

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 (Unaudited) and December 31, ~~2021~~2022	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 (Unaudited)	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) ~~Income~~ for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 (Unaudited)	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 (Unaudited)	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 (Unaudited)	7

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2931

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	50

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	50

Part II	Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	50

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	5051

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	5051

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	51

Item 5.	Other Information	51

Item 6.	Exhibits	51

Exhibit Index

Signatures

Table of Contents

PART I —FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PB BANKSHARES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

September 30,

December 31,

2022

2021

Assets





Cash and due from banks

$
18,622

$
15,508

Federal funds sold

4,016

11,256

Interest bearing deposits with banks

100

100

Cash and cash equivalents

22,738

26,864

Debt securities available-for-sale, at fair value

37,239

25,649

Equity securities, at fair value

757

849

Restricted stocks, at cost

1,982

884

Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $3,787 at September 30, 2022 and $3,145 at December 31, 2021

301,381

249,196

Premises and equipment, net

1,864

1,949

Deferred income taxes, net

1,587

945

Accrued interest receivable

1,096

852

Bank owned life insurance

7,444

7,313

Other assets

651

428

Total Assets

$
376,739

$
314,929

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity





Liabilities





Deposits

$
289,628

$
251,130

Long-term borrowings

40,412

16,681

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

2,081

1,284

Total Liabilities

332,121

269,095

Commitments and contingencies - see note 8

Stockholders' Equity





Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021

—

—

Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized; 2,739,461 and 2,777,250 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively

28

28

Additional paid-in capital

25,678

26,176

Retained earnings

23,671

22,665

Unearned ESOP shares, 211,071 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021

(2,753)

(2,753)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

(2,006)

(282)

Total Stockholders' Equity

44,618

45,834

Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

$
376,739

$
314,929


	September 30,
	2023		December 31,
	(Unaudited)		2022

Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	19,859	$	15,918
Federal funds sold		4,823		1,186
Interest earning deposits with banks		503		100

Cash and cash equivalents		25,185		17,204

Debt securities available-for-sale, at fair value		40,667		52,047
Equity securities, at fair value		752		762
Restricted stocks, at cost		2,464		2,251
Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $4,468 at September 30, 2023 and $3,992 at December 31, 2022		325,350		300,855
Premises and equipment, net		2,124		1,693
Deferred income taxes, net		1,826		1,656
Accrued interest receivable		1,327		1,123
Bank owned life insurance		8,178		7,487
Other assets		1,339		1,469

Total Assets	$	409,212	$	386,547

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Liabilities
Deposits	$	306,521	$	289,495
Borrowings		51,887		47,638
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		4,222		3,427

Total Liabilities		362,630		340,560

Commitments and contingencies - see note 8

Stockholders' Equity
Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—		—
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized; 2,744,967 (including 108,115 restricted shares) and 2,845,076 (including 108,115 restricted shares) issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		26		27
Additional paid-in capital		24,786		25,721
Retained earnings		26,149		24,779
Unearned ESOP shares, 199,962 shares at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		(2,608)		(2,608)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,771)		(1,932)

Total Stockholders' Equity		46,582		45,987

Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	409,212	$	386,547

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

PB BANKSHARES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

2022

2021

2022

2021

Interest and Dividend Income









Loans, including fees

$
3,362

$
2,552

$
9,015

$
7,081

Securities

150

77

331

255

Other

171

18

272

29

Total Interest and Dividend Income

3,683

2,647

9,618

7,365

Interest Expense









Deposits

466

434

1,374

1,348

Borrowings

229

104

562

317

Total Interest Expense

695

538

1,936

1,665

Net interest income

2,988

2,109

7,682

5,700

Provision for Loan Losses

346

83

639

221

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

2,642

2,026

7,043

5,479

Noninterest Income









Service charges on deposit accounts

40

38

136

129

(Loss) gain on equity investments

(33)

8

(100)

(6)

Bank owned life insurance income

44

46

131

130

Debit card income

51

51

149

165

Other service charges

19

21

55

68

Other income

20

22

39

51

Total Noninterest Income

141

186

410

537

Noninterest Expenses









Salaries and employee benefits

1,216

1,051

3,256

2,865

Occupancy and equipment

173

153

491

441

Data and item processing

254

241

747

728

Advertising and marketing

37

37

84

65

Professional fees

186

135

503

305

Directors’ fees

60

60

182

182

FDIC insurance premiums

38

59

76

163

Pennsylvania shares tax

84

—

247

—

Debit card expenses

36

33

105

106

Other

187

186

522

507

Total Noninterest Expenses

2,271

1,955

6,213

5,362

Income before income tax expense

512

257

1,240

654

Income Tax Expense

98

47

234

114

Net Income

$
414

$
210

$
1,006

$
540

Earnings per common share - basic and diluted

$
0.16

$
0.08

$
0.39

$
0.21


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022

Interest and Dividend Income
Loans, including fees	$	4,380	$	3,362	$	12,533	$	9,015
Securities		337		150		738		331
Other		422		171		1,284		272
Total Interest and Dividend Income		5,139		3,683		14,555		9,618

Interest Expense
Deposits		1,645		466		3,961		1,374
Borrowings		453		229		1,286		562
Total Interest Expense		2,098		695		5,247		1,936

Net interest income		3,041		2,988		9,308		7,682

Provision for Credit Losses		140		346		570		639

Net interest income after provision for credit losses		2,901		2,642		8,738		7,043

Noninterest Income
Service charges on deposit accounts		39		40		130		136
Loss on equity securities		(24)		(33)		(24)		(100)
Bank owned life insurance income		50		44		141		131
Debit card income		59		51		165		149
Other service charges		20		19		87		55
Loss on disposal of premises and equipment		—		—		(40)		—
Other income		41		20		123		39
Total Noninterest Income		185		141		582		410

Noninterest Expenses
Salaries and employee benefits		1,279		1,216		3,970		3,256
Occupancy and equipment		180		173		521		491
Data and item processing		268		254		798		747
Advertising and marketing		60		37		158		84
Professional fees		170		186		515		503
Directors’ fees		107		60		322		182
FDIC insurance premiums		46		38		138		76
Pennsylvania shares tax		72		84		221		247
Debit card expenses		44		36		118		105
Other		206		187		629		522
Total Noninterest Expenses		2,432		2,271		7,390		6,213

Income before income tax expense		654		512		1,930		1,240

Income Tax Expense		141		98		420		234

Net Income	$	513	$	414	$	1,510	$	1,006
Earnings per common share - basic	$	0.21	$	0.16	$	0.61	$	0.39
Earnings per common share - diluted	$	0.21	$	0.16	$	0.60	$	0.39

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial ~~statements~~.

statements.

Table of Contents

PB BANKSHARES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) ~~Income~~

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


									Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
									September 30,				September 30,
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				2023		2022		2023		2022
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net Income	$	414	$	210	$	1,006	$	540	$	513	$	414	$	1,510	$	1,006

Other Comprehensive Loss
Unrealized losses on debt securities available-for-sale:
Unrealized holding losses arising during period		(581)		—		(2,182)		(347)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available-for-sale:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period										(2)		(581)		204		(2,182)
Tax effect		122		—		458		72		1		122		(43)		458

Other comprehensive loss		(459)		—		(1,724)		(275)
Other comprehensive income (loss)										(1)		(459)		161		(1,724)

Total Comprehensive (Loss) Income	$	(45)	$	210	$	(718)	$	265

Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)									$	512	$	(45)	$	1,671	$	(718)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

PB BANKSHARES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

Three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

��




Accumulated


Additional

Unearned

Other

Common

Paid-In

Retained

ESOP

Comprehensive

Stock

Capital

Earnings

Shares

Income (Loss)

Total
Balance, July 1, 2021

$
—

$
—

$
22,210

$
—

$
(186)

$
22,024

Net income

—

—

210

—

—

210
Common stock issued

28

26,171

—

—

—

26,199
ESOP shares committed to be released

—

—

—

(2,898)

(2,898)

Balance, September 30, 2021

$
28

$
26,171

$
22,420

$
(2,898)

$
(186)

$
45,535

Balance, July 1, 2022

$
28

$
26,176

23,257

$
(2,753)

$
(1,547)

$
45,161

Net income

—

—

414

—

—

414
Repurchased common stock

—

(498)

—

—

—

(498)
Other comprehensive loss

—

—

—

—

(459)

(459)

Balance, September 30, 2022

$
28

$
25,678

$
23,671

$
(2,753)

$
(2,006)

$
44,618

Balance, January 1, 2021

$
—

$
—

$
21,880

$
—

$
89

$
21,969

Net income

—

—

540

—

—

540
Common stock issued

28

26,171

—

—

—

26,199
ESOP shares committed to be released

—

—

—

(2,898)

—

(2,898)
Other comprehensive loss

—

—

—

—

(275)

(275)

��

Balance, September 30, 2021

$
28

$
26,171

$
22,420

$
(2,898)

$
(186)

$
45,535

Balance, January 1, 2022

$
28

$
26,176

$
22,665

$
(2,753)

$
(282)

$
45,834

Net income

—

—

1,006

—

—

1,006
Repurchased common stock

—

(498)

—

—

—

(498)
Other comprehensive loss

—

—

—

—

(1,724)

(1,724)

Balance, September 30, 2022

$
28

$
25,678

$
23,671

$
(2,753)

$
(2,006)

$
44,618


									Accumulated
			Additional					Unearned	Other
	Common		Paid-In		Retained		ESOP		Comprehensive
	Stock		Capital		Earnings		Shares		Loss		Total
Balance, July 1, 2022	$	28	$	26,176	$	23,257	$	(2,753)	$	(1,547)	$	45,161

Net income		—		—		414		—		—		414
Repurchased common stock, 37,789 shares		—		(498)		—		—		—		(498)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		(459)		(459)

Balance, September 30, 2022	$	28	$	25,678	$	23,671	$	(2,753)	$	(2,006)	$	44,618

Balance, July 1, 2023	$	27	$	24,892		25,636	$	(2,608)	$	(1,770)	$	46,177

Net income		—		—		513		—		—		513
Repurchased common stock, 18,155 shares		(1)		(244)		—		—		—		(245)
Stock based compensation expense		—		138		—		—		—		138
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		(1)		(1)

Balance, September 30, 2023	$	26	$	24,786	$	26,149	$	(2,608)	$	(1,771)	$	46,582

Balance, January 1, 2022	$	28	$	26,176	$	22,665	$	(2,753)	$	(282)	$	45,834

Net income		—		—		1,006		—		—		1,006
Repurchased common stock, 37,789 shares		—		(498)		—		—		—		(498)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		(1,724)		(1,724)

Balance, September 30, 2022	$	28	$	25,678	$	23,671	$	(2,753)	$	(2,006)	$	44,618

Balance, January 1, 2023	$	27	$	25,721	$	24,779	$	(2,608)	$	(1,932)	$	45,987

Net income		—		—		1,510		—		—		1,510
Repurchased common stock, 100,109 shares		(1)		(1,341)		—		—		—		(1,342)
Adoption of CECL		—		—		(140)		—		—		(140)
Stock based compensation expense		—		406		—		—		—		406
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		161		161

Balance, September 30, 2023	$	26	$	24,786	$	26,149	$	(2,608)	$	(1,771)	$	46,582

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

PB BANKSHARES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30,			September 30,
		2022		2021	2023		2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net income	$	1,006	$	540	$	1,510	$	1,006
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Provision for loan losses		639		221
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses						570		639
Depreciation and amortization		220		172		242		220
Gain on disposal of premises and equipment		—		(4)
Loss on disposal of premises and equipment						40		—
Net accretion of securities premiums and discounts		(92)		(24)		(377)		(92)
Deferred income tax benefit		(184)		(169)		(176)		(184)
Loss on equity securities		100		6		24		100
Deferred loan fees, net		58		144		62		58
Earnings on bank owned life insurance		(131)		(130)		(141)		(131)
Stock-based compensation expense						406		—
Increase in accrued interest receivable and other assets		(268)		(72)		(149)		(268)
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities		550		320		649		550

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		1,898		1,004		2,660		1,898

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Activity in debt securities available-for-sale:
Purchases		(19,853)		(4,998)		(18,584)		(19,853)
Maturities, calls, and principal repayments		6,173		3,470		30,545		6,173
Dividends on equity securities reinvested		(8)		(8)		(14)		(8)
(Purchase) redemption of restricted stocks		(1,098)		159
Purchase of additional Bank owned life insurance		—		(500)
Purchase of restricted stocks						(213)		(1,098)
Purchase of additional bank owned life insurance						(550)		—
Net increase in loans receivable		(52,882)		(40,268)		(25,158)		(52,882)
Purchases of premises and equipment		(87)		(25)		(638)		(87)

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities		(67,755)		(42,170)		(14,612)		(67,755)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase in deposits		38,498		17,131		17,026		38,498
Stock subscription proceeds		—		26,199
Repurchased common stock		(498)		—		(1,342)		(498)
Purchase of ESOP shares		—		(2,898)
Advances of borrowings		29,000		—		13,650		29,000
Repayments of borrowings		(5,269)		(3,855)		(9,401)		(5,269)

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities		61,731		36,577		19,933		61,731

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(4,126)		(4,589)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents						7,981		(4,126)

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period		26,864		50,591		17,204		26,864

Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period	$	22,738	$	46,002	$	25,185	$	22,738

Supplementary Cash Flows Information
Interest paid	$	1,893	$	1,707	$	4,972	$	1,893
Right-to-use lease assets and liability	$	247	$	—		—		247
Income taxes paid	$	274	$	70		331		274

Supplementary Non-Cash Flows Information
Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale	$	(2,182)	$	(347)
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities available-for-sale					$	204	$	(2,182)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

1. Basis of Presentation

Organization and Nature of Operations

PB Bankshares, Inc., a Maryland ~~Corporation~~corporation (the “Company”) is the holding company of Presence Bank (the “Bank”) and was formed in connection with the conversion of the Bank from the mutual to the stock form of organization. On July 14, 2021, the mutual to stock conversion of the Bank was completed and the Company became the parent holding company for the Bank. Shares of the Company began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market on July 15, 2021. The Company is subject to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Bank”).

The Bank is a state-chartered savings bank established in 1919. The main office is located in Coatesville, Pennsylvania with three other branches located in New Holland, Oxford, and Georgetown, Pennsylvania. The Bank is principally engaged in the business of attracting deposits from the general public and using these deposits, together with borrowings and other funds, to make loans primarily secured by real estate and, to a lesser extent, consumer loans. The Bank competes with other banking and financial institutions in its primary market communities encompassing Chester, Cumberland, Dauphin, Lancaster, and Lebanon Counties in Pennsylvania. The Bank is regulated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities (the “PADOB”).

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank. The Bank also includes the accounts of CSB Investments, Inc. (“CSB”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank located in Wilmington, Delaware. The sole purpose of CSB is to maintain and manage the Bank’s investment portfolio. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

~~The Conversion and Our Organizational Structure~~

On July 14, 2021, the Company completed its initial public offering and the mutual-to-stock conversion of the Bank. The Bank is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The shares of the Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market on July 15, 2021, under the ticker symbol “PBBK.”

The Company sold 2,777,250 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share for gross offering proceeds of $27,773,000. The Company’s Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the “ESOP”) purchased 8% or 222,180 shares of the Company’s common stock in the open market.

Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial ~~information.~~information and with the instructions to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, ~~2022~~2023 or any other interim periods. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 as filed in the annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March ~~25, 2022 and annual report on Form 10-K/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2022.~~28, 2023.

~~The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements included herein.~~

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated balance sheet and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses on loans, the valuation of deferred tax assets, and estimation of fair values.

While management uses available information to recognize estimated losses on loans, future additions to the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions and underlying collateral values, if any. In addition, the FDIC and PADOB, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank’s allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. These agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments of information available to them at the time of their examinations.

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2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

This section provides a summary description of recent ASUs issued by the FASB to the ASC that had or that management expects may have an impact on the financial statements issued upon adoption. The Company is classified as an emerging growth company and has elected to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Effective dates reflect this election.

Recently ~~Issued, But Not Yet Effective~~Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

~~During~~In September 2016, the ~~FASB~~Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The ~~amendments in this~~ ASU, ~~among other things, require the measurement of all~~as amended, requires an entity to measure expected credit losses for financial assets ~~held~~carried at ~~the reporting date~~amortized cost based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ~~Financial institutions and~~Among other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition,things, the ASU ~~amends~~also amended the ~~accounting~~impairment model for ~~credit losses on available-for-sale debt~~available for sale securities and addressed purchased financial assets with ~~credit~~ deterioration. ~~The FASB has issued multiple updates to~~ ASU 2016-13 ~~as codified in Topic 326, including ASU’s 2019-04, 2019-05, 2019-10, 2019-11, 2020-02, and 2020-03. The ASU is~~was effective for ~~fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. Due to~~ the ~~Company’s extended transition period election,~~Company on January 1, 2023. The adjustment recorded at adoption established a reserve for unfunded loan commitments of $177,000. This adjustment, net of tax, reduced the ~~amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The~~opening retained earnings of the Company ~~is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements. An internal team has been formed~~ and the Company hired a vendor to assist with expected credit loss projections. The internal team has begun training with the vendor, running parallel calculations, validating the model and updating related polices and controls.

During May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief.” The amendments in this ASU provide entities that have certain instruments within the scope of Subtopic 326-20 with an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option in Subtopic 825-10, applied on an instrument-by-instrument basis for eligible instruments, upon the adoption of Topic 326. The fair value option election does not apply to held-to-maturity debt securities. An entity that elects the fair value option should subsequently measure those instruments at fair value with changes in fair value flowing through earnings. The effective date and transition methodology for the amendments in ASU 2019-05 are the same as in ASU 2016-13. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2019-05 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

~~During November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” This ASU addresses issues raised~~Bank by stakeholders during the implementation of ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” Among other narrow-scope improvements, the new ASU clarifies guidance around how to report expected recoveries. “Expected recoveries” describes a situation in which an organization recognizes a full or partial write-off of the amortized cost basis

~~Table of Contents~~

of a financial asset, but then later determines that the amount written off, or a portion of that amount, will in fact be recovered. While applying the credit losses standard, stakeholders questioned whether expected recoveries were permitted on assets that had already shown credit deterioration at the time of purchase (also known as PCD assets). In response to this question, the ASU permits organizations to record expected recoveries on PCD assets. In addition to other narrow technical improvements, the ASU also reinforces existing guidance that prohibits organizations from recording negative allowances for available-for-sale debt securities. The effective date and transition methodology for the amendments in ASU 2019-11 are the same as in ASU 2016-13. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2019-11 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-04 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” These amendments provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. Subsequently, in January 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2021-01 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” This ASU clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The ASU also amends the expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. An entity may elect to apply ASU No. 2021-01 on contract modifications that change the interest rate used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment retrospectively as of any date from the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020, or prospectively to new modifications from any date within the interim period that includes or is subsequent to January 7, 2021, up to the date that financial statements are available to be issued. An entity may elect to apply ASU No. 2021-01 to eligible hedging relationships existing$140,000 as of the ~~beginning~~date of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020, and to new eligible hedging relationships entered into after the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020. The Company does not have any loans or other financial instruments that are directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR.adoption.

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2022-02, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures.” ASU 2022-02 addresses areas identified by the FASB as part of its post-implementation review of the credit losses standard (ASU 2016-13) that introduced the CECL model. The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted the CECL model and enhance the disclosure requirements for loan refinancings and restructurings made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require a public business entity to disclose current-period gross write-offs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively, except for the transition method related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, an entity has the option to apply a modified retrospective transition method, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. ~~For entities that have adopted ASU 2016-13,~~ ASU 2022-02 iswas effective for ~~fiscal years~~the Company on January 1, 2023. There was no material impact to the Company at adoption.

The following table illustrates the impact of adopting ASC 326 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2022		January 1, 2023		January 1, 2023
	As Previously				As Reported
	Reported		Impact of		Under
	(Incurred Loss)		ASC 326		ASC 326
Assets:
Loans, net	$	300,855	$	—	$	300,855

Deferred income taxes, net		1,656		37		1,693

Liabilities:
Reserve for credit losses on unfunded commitments		—		177		177

Total equity:	$	45,987	$	(140)	$	45,847

The following accounting policies have been updated in connection with the adoption of ASC 326 and apply to periods beginning after December ~~15,~~31, 2022. Accounting policies applying to prior periods are described in the 2022 ~~including interim periods within those fiscal years. For entities~~Annual Report.

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Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans: The allowance for credit losses on loans is established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance for credit losses for the difference between the carrying value of the loan and the estimated net realizable value or fair value of the collateral, if collateral dependent, when management believes that ~~have not yet adopted ASU 2016-13,~~ the ~~effective dates for ASU 2022-02~~collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the same as the effective dates in ASU 2016-13. Early adoption is permitted if an entity has adopted ASU 2016-13. An entity may elect to early adopt the amendments about TDRs and related disclosure enhancements separately from the amendments related to vintage disclosures. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2022-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

~~Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements~~allowance.

~~During February 2016,~~The allowance represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the ~~Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Among other things,~~contractual term of loans, and is recorded at an amount that, in management’s judgment, reduces the recorded investment in loans to the net amount expected to be collected. No allowance for credit loss is recorded on accrued interest receivable and amounts written-off are reversed by an adjustment to interest income. Management’s judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on evaluations of historical loan losses, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts relevant to the collectability of loans. Loans that share common risk characteristics are evaluated collectively using a discounted cash flow approach for all loans. The discounted cash flow approach used by the Company utilizes loan-level cash flow projections and pool-level assumptions. For all loan pools, cash flow projections and estimated expected losses are based in part on benchmarked peer data.

Management’s estimate of the allowance for credit losses on loans that are collectively evaluated also includes a qualitative assessment of available information relevant to assessing collectability that is not captured in the ~~amendments in ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required~~loss estimation process. This includes forecasts that are reasonable and supportable concerning expectations of future economic conditions. The reasonable and supportable forecast period is a year. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to ~~recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases)~~significant revision as more information becomes available.

These qualitative risk factors include:

Lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices.

National, regional, and local economic and business conditions as well as the condition of various market segments, including the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans.

Nature and volume of the portfolio and terms of loans.

Volume and severity of past due, classified and nonaccrual loans as well as other loan modifications.

Existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations.

Effect of external factors, such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements.

Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff.

Quality of loan review and Board of Director oversight.

The effect of other external factors (i.e. competition, legal and regulatory requirements) on the level of estimated credit losses.

10.

Changes in inflationary environment.

11.

Changes in the interest rate environment.

Each factor is assigned a value to reflect improving, stable or declining conditions based on management’s best judgment using relevant information available at the ~~commencement date: (1)~~time of the evaluation. Adjustments to the factors are supported through documentation of changes in conditions in a ~~lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents~~narrative accompanying the ~~lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset~~allowance for credit losses calculation for our loan portfolio.

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The evaluation also considers the ~~lease term. Under~~following risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment:

●

One- to four-family residential real estate loans carry risks associated with the continued creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.

●

Commercial real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or a real estate project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of real estate, because repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business or project.

●

Construction loans carry risks that the project may not be finished according to schedule, the project may not be finished according to budget, and the value of the collateral may, at any point in time, be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be a loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure or other factors unrelated to the project.

●

Commercial and industrial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business because repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much reliability.

●

Consumer loans carry risk associated with the continued creditworthiness of the borrower and the value of the collateral, if any. These loans are typically either unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciating assets. They are also likely to be immediately and adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness, personal bankruptcy, or other changes in circumstances.

Loans that do not share common risk characteristics with other loans are evaluated individually and are not included in the ~~new guidance, lessor accounting~~collective analysis. The allowance for credit losses on loans that are individually evaluated may be estimated based on their expected cash flows, or, in the case of loans for which repayment is ~~largely unchanged. The ASU was initially effective for non-public business entities’~~expected substantially through the operation or sale of collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial ~~statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. In September 2020,~~difficulty, may be measured based on the FASB issued ASU 2020-05. Under ASU 2020-05, private companies may apply the new leases standard for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and to interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Earlier application is permitted. Due to the Company’s extended transition period election, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company has adopted ASU 2016-02 and the impact was not material to the consolidated financial statements. The implementation of ASU 2016-02 resulted in recognition of right-of-use assets and ~~lease liabilities~~ ~~totaling $247,000 at the date of adoption, January 1, 2022, which are related to the Company’s lease of premises and equipment used in operations.~~

~~3. Debt and Equity Securities~~

~~The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and~~ fair value of ~~securities available-for-sale and equity securities are as follows (in thousands):~~

Gross Unrealized

Gross Unrealized


September 30, 2022

Amortized Cost

Gains

Losses

Fair Value
Debt securities:








Agency bonds

$
21,243

$
—

$
(2,169)

$
19,074
Treasury securities

14,935

—

(87)

14,848
Mortgage-backed securities

101

2

—

103
Collateralized mortgage obligations

3,500

—

(286)

3,214
Total available-for-sale debt securities

$
39,779

$
2

$
(2,542)

37,239

Equity securities:








Mutual funds (fixed income)





$
757

the collateral less estimated costs to sell.

Gross Unrealized

Gross Unrealized


December 31, 2021

Amortized Cost

Gains

Losses

Fair Value
Debt securities:








Agency bonds

$
21,241

$
—

$
(421)

$
20,820
Mortgage-backed securities

129

15

—

144
Collateralized mortgage obligations

4,637

54

(6)

4,685
Total available-for-sale debt securities

$
26,007

$
69

$
(427)

25,649
Equity securities:

Mutual funds (fixed income)







$
849

~~The table below indicates the length~~An unallocated component of ~~time individual available-for-sale securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):~~

September 30, 2022

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total




Unrealized



Unrealized



Unrealized

Fair Value

Losses

Fair Value

Losses

Fair Value

Losses
Agency bonds

$
—

$
—

$
19,073

$
(2,169)

$
19,073

$
(2,169)
Treasury securities

14,848

(87)

—

—

14,848

(87)
Collateralized mortgage obligations

2,687

(215)

528

(71)

3,215

(286)

$
17,535

$
(302)

$
19,601

$
(2,240)

$
37,136

$
(2,542)

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December 31, 2021

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total




Unrealized



Unrealized



Unrealized

Fair Value

Losses

Fair Value

Losses

Fair Value

Losses
Agency bonds

$
19,113

$
(379)

$
1,707

$
(42)

$
20,820

$
(421)
Collateralized mortgage obligations

879

(6)

—

—

879

(6)

$
19,992

$
(385)

$
1,707

$
(42)

$
21,699

$
(427)

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations included in the securities portfolio consist of securities issued by U.S. government sponsored agencies. There were no private label mortgage-backed securities or collateralized mortgage obligations held in the securities portfolio as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

At September 30, 2022, 47 agency bonds, three treasury securities and 37 collateralized mortgage obligations were in an unrealized loss position. At December 31, 2021, 47 agency bonds and five collateralized mortgage obligations were in an unrealized loss position. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred and industry analysts’ reports.

As of September 30, 2022, management believes that the estimated fair value of securities disclosed above is primarily dependent upon the movement in market interest rates particularly given the negligible inherent credit risk associated with these securities. Although the fair value will fluctuate as the market interest rates move, management believes that these fair values will recover as the underlying portfolios mature and are reinvested in market yielding investments.

As the Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2022.

There were no securities sold during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2022 or September 30, 2021. The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available-for-sale at September 30, 2022, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties (in thousands).

Available-for-Sale

Amortized Cost

Fair Value

Yield
Due less than one year

$
14,935

$
14,848

1.69
%
Due one year through five years

21,243

19,074

0.62

Due after five years through ten years

—

—

—

Mortgage-backed securities

101

103

4.71

Collateralized mortgage obligations

3,500

3,214

1.95

$
39,779

$
37,239

1.15
%

~~At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had securities totaling $1,804,000 and $1,965,000, respectively, pledged to secure borrowings.~~

~~At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had securities totaling $21,613,000 and $13,028,000, respectively, pledged primarily for public fund depositors.~~

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~~4. Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses~~

~~Major classifications of net loans receivable at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):~~

September 30,

December 31,


2022

2021
Real estate:




One-to four-family residential

$
111,535

$
106,024
Commercial

150,452

118,266
Construction

24,936

13,751
Commercial and industrial

12,144

11,880
Consumer and other

7,031

3,038

306,098

252,959
Deferred loan fees, net

(930)

(618)
Allowance for loan losses

(3,787)

(3,145)

$
301,381

$
249,196

~~The following table summarizes the activity in~~ the allowance for loan losses ~~by loan class~~is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the ~~three months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):~~portfolio.

Allowance for Loan Losses











Beginning

Provisions

Ending

Balance

Charge-offs

Recoveries

(Recovery)

Balance
Real Estate:










One- to four-family residential

$
1,012

$
—

$
—

$
23

$
1,035
Commercial

1,933

—

—

(119)

1,814
Construction

212

—

—

24

236
Commercial and industrial

109

—

2

11

122
Consumer

28

—

—

—

28
Unallocated

145

—

—

407

552

$
3,439

$
—

$
2

$
346

$
3,787

Reserve for Unfunded Commitments: The Company records a reserve, reported in other liabilities, for expected credit losses on commitments to extend credit that are not unconditionally cancelable by the Company. The reserve for unfunded commitments is measured based on the principles utilized in estimating the allowance for credit losses on loans and an estimate of the amount of unfunded commitments expected to be advanced. Changes in the reserve for unfunded commitments are recorded through the provision for credit losses.

1311

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3. Debt and Equity Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of securities available-for-sale and equity securities are as follows (in thousands):

Gross Unrealized

September 30, 2023

Amortized Cost

Gains

Losses

Fair Value

Debt securities:

Agency bonds

24,243

—

(1,924)

22,319

Treasury securities

15,816

—

(29)

15,787

Mortgage-backed securities

(1)

Collateralized mortgage obligations

2,763

—

(288)

2,475

Total available-for-sale debt securities

42,908

(2,242)

40,667

Equity securities:

Mutual funds (fixed income)

752


			Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized
December 31, 2022	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Debt securities:
Agency bonds	$	21,243	$	—	$	(2,126)	$	19,117
Treasury securities		29,859		2		(42)		29,819
Mortgage-backed securities		97		2		—		99
Collateralized mortgage obligations		3,293		—		(281)		3,012
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	54,492	$	4	$	(2,449)	$	52,047

Equity securities:
Mutual funds (fixed income)							$	762

The table below indicates the length of time individual available-for-sale securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

September 30, 2023

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total

Unrealized

Fair Value

Losses

Fair Value

Losses

Fair Value

Losses

Agency bonds

2,994

(4)

19,325

(1,920)

22,319

(1,924)

Treasury securities

15,787

(29)

—

15,787

(29)

Mortgage-backed securities

(1)

—

(1)

Collateralized mortgage obligations

—

2,475

(288)

2,475

(288)

Total

18,840

(34)

21,800

(2,208)

40,640

(2,242)


December 31, 2022	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
			Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
Agency bonds	$	—	$	—	$	19,117	$	(2,126)	$	19,117	$	(2,126)
Treasury securities		9,928		(42)		—		—		9,928		(42)
Collateralized mortgage obligations		1,479		(106)		1,533		(175)		3,012		(281)

Total	$	11,407	$	(148)	$	20,650	$	(2,301)	$	32,057	$	(2,449)

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~~The following tables summarize~~As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the ~~activity~~mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations included in the securities portfolio consisted of securities issued by U.S. government sponsored agencies. There were no private label mortgage-backed securities or collateralized mortgage obligations held in the securities portfolio as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

At September 30, 2023, 50 agency bonds, five treasury securities, five mortgage-backed securities and 34 collateralized mortgage obligations were in an unrealized loss position. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred and industry analysts’ reports.

As of September 30, 2023, management believes that the estimated fair value of securities disclosed above is primarily dependent upon the movement in market interest rates particularly given the negligible inherent credit risk associated with these securities. Although the fair value will fluctuate as the market interest rates move, management believes that these fair values will recover as the underlying portfolios mature and are reinvested in market yielding investments. Additionally, all securities remain highly rated and all issuers have continued to make timely payments of interest and principal.

As the Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company concluded that a credit loss did not exist in its portfolio at September 30, 2023, and therefore, no allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses ~~by loan class for~~was recorded.

There were no securities sold during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 or September 30, 2022. The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available-for-sale at September 30, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties (in thousands).


	Available-for-Sale
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Yield
Due less than one year	$	16,828	$	16,801	5.32	%
Due one year through five years		23,231		21,305	2.81
Due after five years through ten years		—		—	—
Mortgage-backed securities		86		86	5.09
Collateralized mortgage obligations		2,763		2,475	1.94

Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	42,908	$	40,667	2.75	%

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had securities with fair values totaling $1,830,000 and $1,810,000, respectively, pledged to secure borrowings.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had securities with fair values totaling $18,618,000 and $21,604,000, respectively, pledged primarily for public fund depositors.

Table of Contents

4. Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables. All loan information ~~in regard to the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans receivable by loan class~~presented as of September 30, 2023 is in accordance with ASC 326. All loan information presented as of December 31, 2022 or a prior date is presented in accordance with previously applicable incurred loss GAAP.

The Company’s loans are stated at their face amount and consist of the classes of loans included in the table below. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable, totaling $1.2 million at September 30, 2023, from the amortized cost basis of loans.

Major classifications of net loans receivable at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):


	Allowance for Loan Losses														September 30,		December 31,
											Ending		Ending		2023		2022
											Balance:		Balance:
											Individually		Collectively
											Evaluated		Evaluated
	Beginning						Provisions		Ending		for		for
	Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		(Recovery)		Balance		Impairment		Impairment
Real Estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	1,217	$	—	$	—	$	(182)	$	1,035	$	—	$	1,035
Real estate:
One-to four-family residential															$	107,473	$	110,387
Commercial		1,357		—		—		457		1,814		52		1,762		186,406		148,567
Construction		194		—		—		42		236		—		236		9,812		20,406
Commercial and industrial		191		—		3		(72)		122		—		122		17,002		17,874
Consumer and other		33		—		—		(5)		28		—		28		9,796		8,203
Unallocated		153		—		—		399		552		—		552

	$	3,145	$	—	$	3	$	639	$	3,787	$	52	$	3,735		330,489		305,437
Deferred loan fees, net																(671)		(590)
Allowance for credit losses																(4,468)		(3,992)

Total loans receivable, net															$	325,350	$	300,855

Loans Receivable




Ending

Ending

Balance:

Balance:

Individually

Collectively

Evaluated

Evaluated

Ending

for

for

Balance

Impairment

Impairment
Real estate:






One- to four-family residential

$
111,535

$
241

$
111,294
Commercial

150,452

3,956

146,496
Construction

24,936

568

24,368
Commercial and industrial

12,144

263

11,881
Consumer

7,031

—

7,031

$
306,098

$
5,028

$
301,070

~~The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan class for the three months ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands):~~

Allowance for Loan Losses











Beginning

Provisions

Ending

Balance

Charge-offs

Recoveries

(Recovery)

Balance
Real Estate:










One- to four-family residential

$
1,315

$
—

$
—

$
(6)

$
1,309
Commercial

991

—

—

103

1,094
Construction

201

—

—

11

212
Commercial and industrial

219

—

1

(17)

203
Consumer

37

—

—

—

37
Unallocated

230

—

—

(8)

222

$
2,993

$
—

$
1

$
83

$
3,077

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses - loans by loan class for the three months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands):


	Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans
							Provisions
							for Credit
	Beginning						Losses -		Ending
	Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Loans		Balance
Real Estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	1,233	$	—	$	—	$	136	$	1,369
Commercial		2,354		—		—		213		2,567
Construction		138		—		—		(40)		98
Commercial and industrial		209		—		1		21		231
Consumer and other		112		—		—		3		115
Unallocated		268		—		—		(180)		88

	$	4,314	$	—	$	1	$	153	$	4,468

The following ~~tables summarize~~table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan class for the three months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):


	Allowance for Loan Losses
	Beginning						Provisions		Ending
	Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		(Recovery)		Balance
Real Estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	1,012	$	—	$	—	$	23	$	1,035
Commercial		1,933		—		—		(119)		1,814
Construction		212		—		—		24		236
Commercial and industrial		109		—		2		11		122
Consumer and other		28		—		—		—		28
Unallocated		145		—		—		407		552

	$	3,439	$	—	$	2	$	346	$	3,787

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses - loans by loan class for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021 and information in regard to the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans receivable by loan class as of December 31, 2021~~2023 (in thousands):


	Allowance for Loan Losses
											Ending		Ending		Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans
											Balance:		Balance:		Beginning
											Individually		Collectively		Balance								Provisions
											Evaluated		Evaluated		Prior to		Impact of						for Credit
	Beginning						Provisions		Ending		for		for		Adoption of		Adoption of						Losses -		Ending
	Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		(Recovery)		Balance		Impairment		Impairment		ASC 326		ASC 326		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Loans		Balance
Real Estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	1,339	$	—	$	—	$	(30)	$	1,309	$	—	$	1,309	$	1,156	$	45	$	—	$	15	$	153	$	1,369
Commercial		1,033		—		—		61		1,094		—		1,094		1,829		75		—		—		663		2,567
Construction		121		—		—		91		212		50		162		316		(34)		—		—		(184)		98
Commercial and industrial		136		—		2		65		203		—		203		308		(84)		(144)		3		148		231
Consumer and other		37		—		—		—		37		—		37		87		3		—		—		25		115
Unallocated		188		—		—		34		222		—		222		296		(5)		—		—		(203)		88

	$	2,854	$	—	$	2	$	221	$	3,077	$	50	$	3,027
Total															$	3,992	$	—	$	(144)	$	18	$	602	$	4,468

Loans Receivable




Ending

Ending

Balance:

Balance:

Individually

Collectively

Evaluated

Evaluated

Ending

for

for

Balance

Impairment

Impairment
Real estate:






One- to four-family residential

$
106,024

$
647

$
105,377
Commercial

118,266

1,589

116,677
Construction

13,751

541

13,210
Commercial and industrial

11,880

—

11,880
Consumer

3,038

—

3,038

$
252,959

$
2,777

$
250,182

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes ~~information~~the activity in ~~regard to impaired loans~~the allowance for loan losses by loan ~~portfolio~~ class ~~as of~~for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):


			Unpaid				Allowance for Loan Losses
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Beginning						Provisions		Ending
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		(Recovery)		Balance
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate:
Real Estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	241	$	243	$	—	$	1,217	$	—	$	—	$	(182)	$	1,035
Commercial		3,530		3,530		—		1,357		—		—		457		1,814
Construction		568		668		—		194		—		—		42		236
Commercial and industrial		263		263		—		191		—		3		(72)		122
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial		426		541		52
Construction		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—
Total:
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	241	$	243	$	—
Commercial		3,956		4,071		52
Construction		568		668		—
Commercial and industrial		263		263		—
Consumer and other								33		—		—		(5)		28
Unallocated								153		—		—		399		552

Total							$	3,145	$	—	$	3	$	639	$	3,787

The following ~~table summarizes information in regard to impaired loans by loan portfolio class as~~tables present a breakdown of ~~December 31, 2021~~the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Unpaid


Recorded

Principal

Related

Investment

Balance

Allowance
With no related allowance recorded:






Real estate:






One- to four-family residential

$
647

$
651

$
—
Commercial

1,589

1,675

—
Construction

352

361

—
With an allowance recorded:






Real estate:






One- to four-family residential

$
—

$
—

$
—
Commercial

—

—

—
Construction

189

225

50
Total:






Real estate:






One- to four-family residential

$
647

$
651

$
—
Commercial

1,589

1,675

—
Construction

541

586

50


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for loans	$	153	$	346
Recovery for unfunded commitments		(13)		—

Total provision for credit losses	$	140	$	346


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for loans	$	602	$	639
Recovery for unfunded commitments		(32)		—

Total provision for credit losses	$	570	$	639

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status for which there was no related allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023
			Nonaccural
	Nonaccrual		With No ACL
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	175	$	175
Commercial		419		419
Commercial and industrial		220		220

Total	$	814	$	814

Table of Contents


	December 31, 2022
			Nonaccural
	Nonaccrual		With No ALL
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	330	$	330
Commercial		416		416
Construction		147		—
Commercial and industrial		156		156

Total	$	1,049	$	902

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by loan class as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

September 30, 2023

Total

Real Estate

Non-Real Estate

Collateral

Allowance for

Secured

Dependent

Credit Losses-

Loans

Real estate:

One- to four-family residential

508

—

508

—

Commercial

1,078

—

1,078

—

Construction

—

Commercial and industrial

220

—

220

—

Consumer and other

—

Total

1,806

—

1,806

—

A loan is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” loans include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the Company will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Loans classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific allowance for credit losses is not warranted. Loans that do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as “special mention” by our management. Loans that are performing as agreed are classified as “pass”.

Table of Contents

~~The following table summarizes information in regard to impaired loans by loan portfolio class for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):~~

Three Months Ended September 30,


Nine Months Ended September 30,

2022

2021

2022

2021

Average

Interest

Average

Interest

Average

Interest

Average

Interest

Recorded

Income

Recorded

Income

Recorded

Income

Recorded

Income

Investment

Recognized

Investment

Recognized

Investment

Recognized

Investment

Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
















Real estate:
















One- to four-family residential

$
355

$
3

$
1,114

$
10

$
244

$
10

$
1,102

$
35
Commercial

3,551

46

1,621

15

3,598

133

1,641

45
Construction

575

—

361

—

606

—

367

—
Commercial and industrial

269

4

—

—

280

11

—

—
With an allowance recorded:










Real estate:












One- to four-family residential

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—
Commercial

342

—

—

—

439

—

—

—
Construction

—

—

201

—

—

—

226

—
Commercial and industrial

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—
Total:
















Real estate:
















One- to four-family residential

$
355

$
3

$
1,114

$
10

$
244

$
10

$
1,102

$
35
Commercial

3,893

46

1,621

15

4,037

133

1,641

45
Construction

575

—

562

—

606

—

593

—
Commercial and industrial

269

4

—

—

280

11

—

—

~~The following table presents nonaccrual loans by classes of the loan portfolio as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):~~

September 30,

December 31,


2022

2021
Real estate:




One- to four-family residential

$
434

$
659
Commercial

426

453
Construction

483

541

$
1,343

$
1,653

The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate pass rating and the classified ratings of special mention, substandard and doubtful within the Company’s internal risk rating system as of September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total
Real estate:










One- to four-family residential

$
110,361

$
611

$
563

$
—

$
111,535
Commercial

147,022

—

3,430

—

150,452
Construction

24,368

—

568

—

24,936
Commercial and industrial

11,180

700

264

—

12,144
Consumer and other

7,031

—

—

—

7,031

$
299,962

$
1,311

$
4,825

$
—

$
306,098

~~Table of Contents~~


	Year of Origination
															Revolving
															Loans
													Revolving		Converted to
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Loans		Term Loans		Total
Real estate: one- to four-family residential
Pass	$	4,717	$	17,852	$	18,577	$	13,272	$	8,800	$	32,582	$	8,981	$	1,246	$	106,027
Special Mention		—		471		—		—		—		592		—		—		1,063
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		383		—		—		383
Total real estate: one- to four-family residential	$	4,717	$	18,323	$	18,577	$	13,272	$	8,800	$	33,557	$	8,981	$	1,246	$	107,473
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Real estate: commercial
Pass	$	41,449	$	44,965	$	49,737	$	22,522	$	4,551	$	19,891	$	2,213	$	—	$	185,328
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		1,078		—		—		1,078
Total real estate: commercial	$	41,449	$	44,965	$	49,737	$	22,522	$	4,551	$	20,969	$	2,213	$	—	$	186,406
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Real estate: construction
Pass	$	381	$	7,667	$	122	$	119	$	—	$	—	$	1,425	$	—	$	9,714
Special Mention		—		98		—		—		—		—		—		—		98
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate: construction	$	381	$	7,765	$	122	$	119	$	—	$	—	$	1,425	$	—	$	9,812
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial and industrial
Pass	$	619	$	3,350	$	1,643	$	800	$	102	$	246	$	9,958	$	64	$	16,782
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		126		—		—		94		—		—		—		—		220
Total commercial and industrial	$	745	$	3,350	$	1,643	$	894	$	102	$	246	$	9,958	$	64	$	17,002
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	(144)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(144)

Consumer and other
Pass	$	—	$	2,011	$	2,000	$	991	$	—	$	—	$	4,794	$	—	$	9,796
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total consumer and other	$	—	$	2,011	$	2,000	$	991	$	—	$	—	$	4,794	$	—	$	9,796
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Total loans, gross
Pass	$	47,166	$	75,845	$	72,079	$	37,704	$	13,453	$	52,719	$	27,371	$	1,310	$	327,647
Special Mention		—		569		—		—		—		592		—		—		1,161
Substandard		126		—		—		94		—		1,461		—		—		1,681
Total loans, gross	$	47,292	$	76,414	$	72,079	$	37,798	$	13,453	$	54,772	$	27,371	$	1,310	$	330,489
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	(144)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(144)

Table of Contents


	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total		Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	104,368	$	625	$	1,031	$	—	$	106,024	$	109,236	$	607	$	544	$	—	$	110,387
Commercial		117,220		—		1,046		—		118,266		146,999		—		1,568		—		148,567
Construction		13,210		—		541		—		13,751		20,259		—		147		—		20,406
Commercial and industrial		11,880		—		—		—		11,880		17,472		—		402		—		17,874
Consumer and other		3,038		—		—		—		3,038		8,203		—		—		—		8,203

	$	249,716	$	625	$	2,618	$	—	$	252,959
Total loans, gross											$	302,169	$	607	$	2,661	$	—	$	305,437

The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past due status as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 (in thousands):


													Loans														Loans
													Receivable														Receivable
					Greater						Total		>90 Days												Total		90 or More
	30‑59 Days		60‑89 Days		Than 90		Total Past				Loans		and		30‑59 Days		60‑89 Days		90 or More		Total Past				Loans		Days and
	Past Due		Past Due		Days		Due		Current		Receivable		Accruing		Past Due		Past Due		Days Past Due		Due		Current		Receivable		and Accruing
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	305	$	18	$	33	$	356	$	111,179	$	111,535	$	—	$	90	$	34	$	29	$	153	$	107,320	$	107,473	$	—
Commercial		85		—		426		511		149,941		150,452		—		609		—		—		609		185,797		186,406		—
Construction		—		333		150		483		24,453		24,936		—		98		—		—		98		9,714		9,812		—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		12,144		12,144		—		—		—		—		—		17,002		17,002		—
Consumer and other		—		13		—		13		7,018		7,031		—		—		—		—		—		9,796		9,796		—

	$	390	$	364	$	609	$	1,363	$	304,735	$	306,098	$	—
Total loans, gross															$	797	$	34	$	29	$	860	$	329,629	$	330,489	$	—


													Loans														Loans
													Receivable														Receivable
					Greater						Total		>90 Days												Total		90 or More
	30‑59 Days		60‑89 Days		Than 90		Total Past				Loans		and		30‑59 Days		60‑89 Days		90 or More		Total Past				Loans		Days and
	Past Due		Past Due		Days		Due		Current		Receivable		Accruing		Past Due		Past Due		Days Past Due		Due		Current		Receivable		and Accruing
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	142	$	46	$	308	$	496	$	105,528	$	106,024	$	—	$	382	$	—	$	33	$	415	$	109,972	$	110,387	$	—
Commercial		—		—		453		453		117,813		118,266		—		—		—		416		416		148,151		148,567		—
Construction		—		—		541		541		13,210		13,751		—		—		—		147		147		20,259		20,406		—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—		11,880		11,880		—		—		—		156		156		17,718		17,874		—
Consumer and other		—		—		—		—		3,038		3,038		—		—		—		—		—		8,203		8,203		—

	$	142	$	46	$	1,302	$	1,490	$	251,469	$	252,959	$	—
Total loans, gross															$	382	$	—	$	752	$	1,134	$	304,303	$	305,437	$	—

The Company may grant a concession or modification for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial condition that it would not otherwise consider resulting in a modified ~~loan which is then identified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”).~~loan. The Company may modify loans through rate reductions, extensions of maturity, interest only payments, or payment modifications to better match the timing of cash ~~flows due under the modified terms with the cash~~

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flows due under the modified terms with the cash flows from the borrowers’ operations. Loan modifications are intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral.

The Company identifies loans for potential ~~restructure~~modification primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower’s financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns, and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, and negative trends may result in a payment default in the near future.

No loans were modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021 which met~~to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

The Company closely monitors the ~~definition~~performance of modified loans to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. Upon the determination that all or a portion of a ~~troubled debt restructuring. After a~~modified loan is ~~determined to be a troubled debt restructuring, we continue to track its performance under~~uncollectible, that amount is charged against the ~~most recent restructured terms. One commercial loan troubled debt restructuring and one construction loan troubled debt restructuring completed in prior years are in default~~allowance for credit losses. There were no payment defaults during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021, had an aggregate balance~~ of $322,000 and $415,000 as of September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. Total troubled debt restructurings were $873,000 and $949,000 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.modified loans.

At September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, there was no other real estate owned. There was no real estate in process of foreclosure as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

5. Leases

On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 842. The Company elected the prospective application approach provided by ASU 2018-11 and did not adjust prior periods for ASC 842. The Company also elected certain practical expedients within the standard and consistent with such elections did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, did not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and did not reassess any initial direct costs for existing leases. The implementation of the new standard resulted in recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities totaling $247,000 at the date of adoption, which are related to the Company’s lease of premises and equipment used in operations.

Lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments and are presented at each reporting date as the net present value of the remaining contractual cash flows. Cash flows are discounted at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate in effect at the commencement date of the lease. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and are calculated as the sum of the lease liability and if applicable prepaid rent, initial direct costs and any incentives received from the lessor.

The Company’s long-term lease agreements are classified as operating leases. Certain of these leases offer the option to extend the lease term and the Company has included such extensions in its calculation of the lease liabilities to the extent the options are reasonably assured of being exercised. The lease agreements do not provide for residual value guarantees and have no restrictions or covenants that would impact dividends or require incurring additional financial obligations.

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The following tables present information about the Company’s leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and for the three and nine ~~month periods~~months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands):


							September 30,			December 31,
							2023			2022
Right-to-use assets			$	199		$	877			953
Lease liability				201		$	838			910
Weighted average remaining lease term				3.15	years		12.38	years		12.67	years
Weighted average discount rate				1.50%			4.57	%		4.43	%

							Three Months			Three Months			Nine Months		Nine Months
		Three Months		Nine Months			Ended			Ended			Ended		Ended
		Ended		Ended			September 30,			September 30,			September 30,		September 30,
		September 30,		September 30,			2023			2022			2023		2022
		2022		2022
Operating lease cost	$	15	$	47		$	24		$	15		$	73	$	47
Short-term lease cost		0		0			20			—			61		—
Total lease costs	$	15	$	47		$	44		$	15		$	134	$	47

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	16	$	48		$	33		$	16		$	99	$	48

A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total of operating lease liabilities is as follows:

As of

September 30,
Lease payments due (in thousands)

2022

Three months ending December 31, 2022

$
16
Twelve months ending December 31, 2023

66
Twelve months ending December 31, 2024

64
Twelve months ending December 31, 2025

56
Twelve months ending December 31, 2026

4
Total undiscounted cash flows

$
206
Discount

5
Lease Liability

201


	As of
	September 30,
Lease payments due (in thousands):	2023

Three months ending December 31, 2023	$	33
2024		130
2025		122
2026		70
2027		66
Thereafter		713
Total undiscounted cash flows		1,134
Discount		296
Lease Liability	$	838

6. ~~Long-Term~~ Borrowings

The Company has an unsecured line of credit with Atlantic Community Bankers Bank (“ACBB”) of up to ~~$3,000,000,~~$7,500,000, expiring on June 30, ~~2023. The ACBB unsecured line of credit was increased~~2024, which it intends to ~~$7,500,000 subsequent to September 30, 2022.~~renew annually. Interest on the line of credit is charged at fed funds rate plus 0.25%. The Company had no outstanding borrowings under ~~this~~the ACBB line of credit at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021. In addition to the~~2022. The Company has an unsecured line of credit with ~~ACBB,~~SouthState Bank, N.A. of up to $5,000,000. There were no borrowings outstanding under the SouthState Bank, N.A. line of credit at September 30, 2023. The Company also has the ability to borrow up to $2,000,000 through the Federal Reserve Bank’s discount window. Funds obtained through the discount window are secured by the Company’s U.S. Government and agency obligations. There were no borrowings outstanding through the discount window at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

The Company has an open-ended line of credit (short-term borrowing) of $45,630,000 to obtain advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). Interest on the line of credit is charged at the FHLB’s overnight rate of ~~3.11%~~5.68% and ~~0.28%~~4.45% at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 respectively. The Company had no outstanding borrowings under this line of credit at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~

Maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB was approximately $145,930,000 and $107,520,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company has two unfunded letters of credit with FHLB for $8,300,000 at September 30, 2022 and one letter of credit with FHLB for $2,500,000 at December 31, 2021 that is pledged to secure public funds.2022.

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Maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB was approximately $168,828,000 and $155,601,000 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company had three unfunded letters of credit with the FHLB for $14,150,000 at September 30, 2023 and two letters of credit with FHLB that totaled $8,300,000 at December 31, 2022 that were pledged to secure public funds.

Borrowings from the FHLB at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 consist of the following (dollars in thousands):


	September 30,				December 31,				September 30,				December 31,
	2022				2021				2023				2022
			Weighted				Weighted				Weighted				Weighted
Maturity	Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate
2022		3,595	2.36			8,124	2.11
2023		8,557	2.78			8,557	2.78		$	2,500	4.48	%	$	11,057	3.16	%
2024		9,000	3.24			—	—			11,500	5.34			11,500	4.55
2026		2,762	1.32			—	—			1,946	1.32			2,559	1.32
2027		13,400	2.07			—	—			19,500	2.69			19,500	2.69
2028										13,650	4.00			—	—
2032		3,098	1.83			—	—			2,791	1.83			3,022	1.83

	$	40,412	2.43	%	$	16,681	2.45	%
Total borrowings									$	51,887	3.61	%	$	47,638	3.12	%

7. Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

The Company had the following off-balance sheet financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 (in thousands):


	September 30,		December 31,			September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021		��	2023		2022
Commitments to grant loans	$	36,541	$	24,756		$	32,995	$	41,154
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit		11,579		9,214			12,830		11,520
Standby letters of credit		3,544		3,213			2,766		3,029

Total off-balance sheet financial instruments						$	48,591	$	55,703

Outstanding loan commitments represent the unused portion of loan commitments available to individuals and companies as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit is based upon management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Various types of collateral may be held, including property and marketable securities. The credit risk involved in these financial instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers.

8. Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to various lawsuits involving matters generally incidental to its business. As of September 30, ~~2022~~2023, management is of the opinion that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from any

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pending actions or proceedings will not have a material effect on the consolidated statement of financial condition or of operations of the Company.

9. ~~Regulatory Matters~~Stock-Based Compensation

~~Bank~~

The Company’s stockholders approved the PB Bankshares, Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Equity Incentive Plan”) at the Annual Meeting on September 28, 2022. An aggregate of 388,815 shares of authorized but unissued common stock of the Company was reserved for future grants of incentive and ~~bank holding companies are subject~~nonqualified stock options and restricted stock awards and restricted stock units under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan. Of the 388,815 authorized shares, the maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan pursuant to ~~regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines~~the exercise of stock options is 277,725 shares, and ~~additionally~~the maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued as restricted stock awards or restricted stock units is 111,090 shares.

The product of the number of shares granted and the grant date market price of the Company’s common stock determine the fair value of restricted stock under the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan. Management recognizes compensation expense for ~~banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative~~the fair value of restricted stock on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 13,628 and 14,628 shares available for future awards under this plan, respectively. The shares available for future award includes 10,653 and 11,653 shares available for incentive and non-qualified stock options as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and 2,975 shares available for restricted stock awards as of those same dates. The stock options and restricted shares vest over a five-year period.

Stock option expense was $71,000 and $208,000 for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, respectively. At September 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options was $1,137,000.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 was as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
					Weighted-Average
					Remaining
			Weighted-Average		Contractual Life		Aggregate Intrinsic
	Options		Exercise Price		(in years)		Value
Outstanding, July 1, 2023		266,072	$	12.28		9.38	$	—
Granted		1,000		13.80		9.75		—
Exercised		—		—		—		—
Forfeited		—		—		—		—

Outstanding, September 30, 2023		267,072	$	12.29		9.13	$	15
Exercisable, September 30, 2023		—	$	—		—	$	—

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
					Weighted-Average
					Remaining
			Weighted-Average		Contractual Life		Aggregate Intrinsic
	Options		Exercise Price		(in years)		Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2023		266,072	$	12.28		9.88	$	—
Granted		1,000		13.80		9.75		—
Exercised		—		—		—		—
Forfeited		—		—		—		—

Outstanding, September 30, 2023		267,072	$	12.29		9.13	$	15
Exercisable, September 30, 2023		—	$	—		—	$	—

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Restricted stock expense was $67,000 and $198,000 for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, respectively. At September 30, 2023, the unrecognized compensation expense relating to non-vested stock outstanding was $1,096,000.

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock activity and related information for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
			Weighted-Average
		Number of	Grant Date
	Shares		Fair Value
Non-vested, July 1, 2023		108,115	$	12.28
Granted		—		—
Vested		—		—
Forfeited		—		—

Non-vested at September 30, 2023		108,115	$	12.28

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
			Weighted-Average
		Number of	Grant Date
	Shares		Fair Value
Non-vested, January 1, 2023		108,115	$	12.28
Granted		—		—
Vested		—		—
Forfeited		—		—

Non-vested at September 30, 2023		108,115	$	12.28

10. Regulatory Matters

The Bank is subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. The net unrealized gain or loss on available for sale securities is not included in computing regulatory capital. Management believes as of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Bank ~~meets~~met all capital adequacy requirements to which it iswas subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications; well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the most recent regulatory notification categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

~~In 2019,~~The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the ~~federal banking agencies jointly issued a final rule that provides for an optional, simplified measure of capital adequacy,~~minimum but below the ~~community bank leverage ratio framework (“CBLR framework”), for qualifying community banking organizations, consistent with Section 201~~conservation buffer will face limitations on dividends, stock repurchases and certain discretionary bonus payments to management based on the amount of the ~~Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act. The final rule became effective on January 1, 2020 and was elected by~~shortfall. Under Basel III rules, banks must hold a capital conservation buffer above the Bank as of December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2022. In April 2020, the federal banking agencies issued an interim final rule that made temporary changes to the CBLR framework, pursuant to section 4012 of the CARES Act, and a second interim final rule that provided a graduated increase in the community bank leverage ratio requirement after the expiration of the temporary changes implemented pursuant to section 4012 of the CARES Act.

~~The community bank leverage ratio removes the requirement for qualifying banking organizations to calculate and report~~adequately capitalized risk-based capital but rather only requires a Tier 1 to average assets (leverage) ratio. Qualifying banking organizations that elect to use the community bank leverage ratio framework and that maintain a leverage ratio of greater than the required minimum will be considered to have satisfied the generally applicable risk based and leverage capital requirements in the agencies’ capital rules (generally applicable rule) and, if applicable, will be considered to have met the well capitalized ratio requirements for purposes of section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. Under the final rules the community bank leverage ratio minimum requirement is 8.5% for calendar year 2021 and 9% for calendar year 2022 and beyond.ratios. The final rule allows for a two-quarter grace period to improve a ratio that falls below the required level, provided that the bank maintains a leverage ratio of 7.5% for calendar year 2021 and 8% for calendar year 2022 and beyond.

Under the final rule, an eligible banking organization can opt out of the CBLR framework and revert back to the risk-weighting framework without restriction. As of September 30, 2022, the Bank was a qualifying community banking organization as defined by the federal banking agencies and elected to measure capital adequacy under the CBLR framework.

~~Actual and~~ required capital ~~amounts (in thousands) and ratios are presented below at quarter-end.~~

To be Well Capitalized under

Prompt Corrective Action

September 30, 2022

Actual

Provisions


Amount

Ratio


Amount

Ratio

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)

$
36,749

9.73
%

$
33,998

9.00
%

To be Well Capitalized under

Prompt Corrective Action

December 31, 2021

Actual

Provisions


Amount

Ratio


Amount

Ratio

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)

35,679

11.65
%

$
26,769

8.50
%

conservation buffer is 2.50%.

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On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326. Regulatory capital rules permitted the Bank to phase-in the day-one effects of adopting ASC 326 over a three-year transition period. The Bank elected not to take the phase-in but rather to reduce its regulatory capital in the first quarter of 2023 for the day-one effects of adopting ASC 326 in the amount of $140,000.

The following tables present actual and required capital ratios as of September 30, 2023 under the Basel III Capital Rules. Bank capital levels required to be considered well capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations. As of December 31, 2022 the Bank had elected the community bank leverage ratio framework (“CBLR” framework).

Under the final rule, an eligible banking organization can opt out of the CBLR framework and revert back to the risk-weighting framework without restriction. As of September 30, 2023, the Bank was a qualifying community banking organization as defined by the federal banking agencies, but elected to revert back to the risk weighting framework without restriction.

Actual and required capital amounts (in thousands) and ratios are presented below at quarter-end.

To be Well Capitalized under

For Capital

Prompt Corrective Action

September 30, 2023

Actual

Adequacy Purposes

Provisions

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

43,179

13.27

26,023

8.00

32,529

10.00

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

39,112

12.02

19,518

6.00

26,023

8.00

Common equity (to risk-weighted assets)

39,112

12.02

14,638

4.50

21,144

6.50

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)

39,112

9.84

15,902

4.00

19,878

5.00


					To be Well Capitalized under
					Prompt Corrective Action
December 31, 2022	Actual					Provisions
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		37,987	10.00	%		$	33,998	9.00	%

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~~10.~~11. Earnings Per Share

The factors used in the earning per share computation follow (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

September 30,

2022

2022

2021

2021

Net income
$
414

$
1,006

$
210

$
540

Weighted average common shares outstanding

2,762,919

2,772,420

2,777,250

2,777,250

Less: Average unearned ESOP shares

(211,071)

(211,071)

(222,180)

(222,180)

Average shares

2,551,848

2,561,349

2,555,070

2,555,070

Basic and diluted earnings per share
$
0.16

$
0.39

$
0.08

$
0.21


	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	513	$	414	$	1,510	$	1,006

Weighted average common shares outstanding		2,643,955		2,762,919		2,687,605		2,772,420
Less: Average unearned ESOP shares		(199,962)		(211,071)		(199,962)		(211,071)

Weighted average shares outstanding (basic)		2,443,993		2,551,848		2,487,643		2,561,349

Dilutive common stock equivalents		21,875		—		17,276		—

Weighted average shares outstanding (diluted)		2,465,868		2,551,848		2,504,919		2,561,349

Basic earnings per common share	$	0.21	$	0.16	$	0.61	$	0.39
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.21	$	0.16	$	0.60	$	0.39

~~There were no dilutive shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021.~~

~~11.~~

12. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company groups its assets and liabilities generally measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.

Level 1 - Valuation is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 1 assets and liabilities generally include debt and equity securities that are traded in an active exchange market. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 - Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is determined at a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

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Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of their respective quarter ends, and have not been reevaluated or updated for purposes of these financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each quarter end.

~~Table of Contents~~

An asset’s or liability’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures for its financial assets and liabilities:

Debt and Equity Securities (Carried at Fair Value)

The fair value of debt and equity securities (carried at fair value) are determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1), or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt and equity securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific debt and equity securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.

~~Impaired~~Individually Evaluated Collateral Dependent Loans (Generally Carried at Fair Value)

~~Impaired~~The estimated fair value of individually evaluated collateral dependent loans ~~are those that are accounted for under FASB ASC 310,~~ ~~Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan~~ ~~(“FASB ASC 310”), in which the Company has measured impairment generally~~is based on the ~~net fair~~ value of the ~~loan’s collateral. Fair~~underlying collateral or the value of the underlying collateral, less estimated cost to sell, as appropriate. Collateral is generally real estate; however, collateral may include vehicles, equipment, inventory, accounts receivable, and/or other assets. The value of real estate collateral is generally determined using a market valuation approach based ~~upon~~on an appraisal conducted by an independent, ~~third-party appraisals~~licensed appraiser. The value of other assets may also be based on an appraisal, market quotations, aging schedules or other sources. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the ~~properties, or discounted cash flows based upon~~period incurred as a provision for credit losses on the ~~expected proceeds.~~Consolidated Statements of Income. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. At September 30, 2023, there were no individually evaluated collateral dependent loans with a specific reserve. At December 31, 2022, the fair value ~~consists~~consisted of the recorded investment in the collateral dependent loans of ~~$374,000,~~$52,000, which was net of a valuation allowance of ~~$52,000. At December 31, 2021, the fair value consists of the recorded investment in the loans of $139,000, net of a valuation allowance of $50,000. Impaired~~$95,000. Collateral dependent individually evaluated loans are included in Loans Receivable in the table ~~below.~~

~~Table~~below, which details the fair value of ~~Contents~~all the Company’s financial instruments.

For assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 are as follows (in thousands):

Quoted




Prices in

Active

Significant

Markets for

Other

Significant

Identical

Observable

Unobservable

Assets

Inputs

Inputs
September 30, 2022

Total

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)
Agency bonds

$
19,074

$
—

$
19,074

$
—
Treasury securities

14,848

14,848

—

—
Mortgage-backed securities

103

—

103

—
Collateralized mortgage obligations

3,214

—

3,214

—
Mutual funds

757

757

—

—

$
37,996

$
15,605

$
22,391

$
—

Quoted




Prices in

Active

Significant

Markets for

Other

Significant

Identical

Observable

Unobservable

Assets

Inputs

Inputs
December 31, 2021

Total

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)
Agency bonds

$
20,820

$
—

$
20,820

$
—
Mortgage-backed securities

144

—

144

—
Collateralized mortgage obligations

4,685

—

4,685

—
Mutual funds

849

849

—

—

$
26,498

$
849

$
25,649

$
—

For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

Quoted

Prices in

Active

Significant

Markets for

Other

Significant

Identical

Observable

Unobservable

Assets

Inputs

September 30, 2023

Total

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Agency bonds

22,319

—

22,319

—

Treasury securities

15,787

—

Mortgage-backed securities

—

Collateralized mortgage obligations

2,475

—

2,475

—

Mutual funds

752

—

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis

41,419

16,539

24,880

—

2527

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			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
			Assets		Inputs		Inputs
December 31, 2022	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Agency bonds	$	19,117	$	—	$	19,117	$	—
Treasury securities		29,819		29,819		—		—
Mortgage-backed securities		99		—		99		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations		3,012		—		3,012		—
Mutual funds		762		762		—		—

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	52,809	$	30,581	$	22,228	$	—

For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

Quoted

Prices in

Active

Significant

Markets for

Other

Significant

Identical

Observable

Unobservable

Assets

Inputs

September 30, 2023

Total

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans

—

Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

—


			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
			Assets		Inputs		Inputs
December 31, 2022	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Impaired loans	$	52	$	—	$	—	$	52

Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	$	52	$	—	$	—	$	52

The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to measure fair value at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2022








Asset Description

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans

$
374

Appraisal of collateral

Selling expenses and discounts ⁽¹⁾

60.4% - 60.4% (60.4%)


September 30, 2023
Asset Description	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average)
Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans	$	—	Appraisal of collateral	Selling expenses and discounts ⁽¹⁾	N/A

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December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

Asset Description

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average)

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average)

Impaired loans

139

Appraisal of collateral

Selling expenses and discounts ⁽¹⁾

54.0% - 54.0% (54.0%)

Appraisal of collateral

Selling expenses and discounts ⁽¹⁾

68.4% (68.4%)

(1)	Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses.

The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of the indicated dates are presented in the following table:


		September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Fair Value	Carrying		Estimated		Carrying		Estimated		Fair Value	Carrying		Estimated		Carrying		Estimated
(In thousands)	Hierarchy	Amounts		Fair Values		Amounts		Fair Values		Hierarchy	Amounts		Fair Values		Amounts		Fair Values
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	1	$	22,738	$	22,738	$	26,864	$	26,864	1	$	25,185	$	25,185	$	17,204	$	17,204
Debt securities - available-for-sale	1 & 2		37,239		37,239		25,649		25,649	1 & 2		40,667		40,667		52,047		52,047
Equity securities	1		757		757		849		849	1		752		752		762		762
Restricted stocks	2		1,982		1,982		884		884	2		2,464		2,464		2,251		2,251
Loans, net	3		301,381		309,755		249,196		253,558	3		325,350		320,626		300,855		303,108
Accrued interest receivable	1		1,096		1,096		852		852	1		1,327		1,327		1,123		1,123
Bank owned life insurance	2		7,444		7,444		7,313		7,313	2		8,178		8,178		7,487		7,487

Financial liabilities:
Demand deposits, savings, and money market	1		192,925		192,925		174,203		174,203	1		190,154		190,154		176,370		176,370
Certificates of deposit	2		96,703		91,282		76,927		77,291	2		116,367		108,587		113,125		106,818
Long-Term borrowings	2		40,412		39,374		16,681		16,872
Borrowings										2		51,887		52,134		47,638		46,990
Accrued interest payable	1		238		238		195		195	1		699		699		424		424

~~12.~~13. Noninterest Revenues

Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and investments. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as gains on equity investments, income associated with bank owned life insurance, and loan fees are also not in scope of the guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as service charges on deposit accounts and gains on sale of other real estate owned. However, the recognition of these revenue streams did not change significantly upon adoption of Topic 606. Noninterest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.

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Service Fees on Deposit Accounts

Service charges on deposit accounts consist of fees on depository accounts, which includes NSF fees, miscellaneous deposit-based service fees, monthly maintenance fees for consumer and commercial, and account analysis and related fees (commercial).

Service charges and fees charged daily are a result of an event or service being provided on the day with the Company recognizing the revenue on the same day. The Company has determined that all performance obligations for daily service charges and fees are met on the same day as the transaction and, therefore, should be recognized as these occur.

Monthly maintenance/service charges and fees are charged on the last day of the month (i.e. the same month as charges are incurred) after the system has completed its processing. The Company has determined that all performance obligations for monthly fees are typically met during the month or the same day as the customer has not

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met its obligation. As monthly fees are typically incurred by the customer throughout the month, the fees should be recognized upon completion of the month since the performance obligations have been met for those services.

Account analysis service charges and fees are recorded on a monthly basis on the last day of the month. The Company has determined that all performance obligations for account analysis fees are met during the month.

Debit Card Income

Debit card income consists of interchange fees from consumer debit card networks and other card related services. Interchange rates are set by the card networks. Interchange fees are based on purchase volumes and other factors and are recognized as transactions occur.

Gains on Sale of Other Real Estate Owned

The sale of other real estate owned is currently recognized on the closing date of sale when all performance obligations have been met, and control of the asset has been transferred to the buyer. Any gains are included in noninterest expenses in the consolidated statements of ~~operations.~~income.

For the Company, there are no other material revenue streams within the scope of Topic 606. The following table presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				September 30,				September 30,
Noninterest income	2022		2021		2022		2021
In scope of Topic 606 Service charges on deposit accounts	$	40		38	$	136		129
Noninterest income in scope of Topic 606									2023		2022		2023		2022
Service charges on deposit accounts									$	39	$	40	$	130	$	136
Debit card income		51		51		149		165		59		51		165		149
Other service charges		19		21		55		68		20		19		87		55
Loss on sale of premises and equipment										—		—		(40)		—
Other noninterest income		20		22		39		51		41		20		123		39
Noninterest income (in scope for Topic 606)		130		132		379		413		159		130		465		379
Noninterest income (out of scope for Topic 606)		11		54		31		124		26		11		117		31
Total noninterest income	$	141	$	186	$	410	$	537	$	185	$	141	$	582	$	410

Contract Balances

A contract assets balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company’s noninterest revenue streams are largely based on transaction activity, or standard month-end revenue accruals. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and revenue is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term contracts with

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customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company did not have any significant contract balances.

Contract Acquisition Costs

In connection with the adoption of Topic 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize as an expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained (for example, sales commission). The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the assets that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. Upon adoption of Topic 606 the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition cost.

~~13. Subsequent Event~~

On November 7, 2022 the Bank entered into a purchase agreement to sell to a third party, the Bank’s corporate headquarters and branch location in Coatesville, Pennsylvania for $950,000. The Bank will lease a portion of the building to use for corporate offices and maintain a branch location. The estimated gain on sale of the land and building is expected to be between $725,000 and $925,000, recognized in the fourth quarter of 2022 or first quarter of 2023.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This discussion and analysis reflects our financial statements and other relevant statistical data, and is intended to enhance your understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The information in this section has been derived from the accompanying financial statements. You should read the information in this section in conjunction with the business and financial information regarding the Company and Bank provided in this Form 10-Q and in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March ~~25, 2022 and Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2022.~~28, 2023.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “target” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:


	·	statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;


	·	statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;


	·	statements regarding the asset quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and


	·	estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. We are under no duty to and do not take any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this quarterly report.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:

•

inflation and changes in interest rates generally, including changes in the relative differences between short-term and long-term interest rates and in deposit interest rates, that may affect our net interest margin and funding sources;

~~conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the severity and duration of any associated~~general economic ~~slowdown~~conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse thanexpected;

•

~~Government action~~ changesin ~~response~~thelevelanddirectionofloandelinquenciesandwrite-offsandchangesinestimatesof the adequacy of the allowance for creditlosses;

•

our ability to access cost-effectivefunding;

•

recent events involving the ~~COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on~~failure of financial institutions may adversely affect our business, and ~~operations, including vaccination mandates and their effects on~~the market price of our ~~workforce, human capital resources and infrastructure;~~

common stock;


	· •	fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate marketconditions;

•

demandforloansanddepositsinourmarketarea;

•

our ability to ~~manage~~implement and change our ~~operations under the current economic conditions nationally and in our market area;~~

businessstrategies;


	· •	competitionamongdepositoryandotherfinancialinstitutions;

•

inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins or reduce the fair value of financialinstruments;

•

the rate of delinquencies and amounts of loanscharged-off;

•

adverse changes in the ~~financial services industry,~~ securities ~~and local real estate markets (including real estate values);~~

markets;

•

changesinlaws orgovernmentregulationsorpoliciesaffectingfinancialinstitutions,including changes

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	·	significant increases in our loan losses, including as a result of our inability to resolve classified and non-performing assets or reduce risks associated with our loans, and management’s assumptions in determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses;

	·	~~credit risks of lending activities, including changes in the level and trend of loan delinquencies and write-offs and in our allowance for loan losses and provision for loan losses;~~


	·	~~competition among depository and other financial institutions;~~


	·	~~our success in increasing our commercial real estate and commercial and industrial lending;~~


	·	~~our ability to attract and maintain deposits and our success in introducing new financial products;~~


	·	~~our ability to improve our asset quality even as we increase our commercial real estate lending;~~


	·	~~fluctuations in the demand for loans;~~


	·	~~technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;~~


	·	~~changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;~~


	·	~~risks related to a high concentration of loans secured by real estate located in our market area;~~


	·	~~our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;~~


	·	~~changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes~~ in regulatory fees and capitalrequirements;


	· •	ourabilitytoenternewmarketssuccessfullyandcapitalizeongrowthopportunities;

•ourabilitytocapitalizeonstrategicopportunities;

•our ability to successfully introduce new products andservices;

•

ourabilitytosuccessfullyintegrateintoouroperationsanyassets,liabilities,customers,systemsand management personnel we may acquire and our ability to realize related revenue synergiesand cost savings within expected time frames, and any goodwill charges related thereto;

•our ability to retain our existingcustomers;

•changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savingshabits;

•

changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting OversightBoard;

•

changes in our organization, compensation and benefitplans;

•changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investmentportfolios;


	· •	~~changes~~a breach in ~~our compensation and benefit plans, and our ability to retain key members~~security of our ~~senior management team and to address staffing needs~~information systems, including the occurrence of a cyber incident or a deficiency in ~~response to product demand or to implement our strategic plans;~~ cybersecurity;


	· •	~~loan delinquencies and changes in~~conditions relating to the ~~underlying cash flows of our borrowers;~~ COVID-19 pandemic;

•

political instability or civilunrest;

•acts of war orterrorism;


	· •	~~our ability~~ competitionandinnovationwithrespectto ~~control costs~~ financialproductsand ~~expenses, particularly those associated with operating as a publicly traded company;~~ servicesbybanks,financial institutionsandnon-traditionalproviders,includingretailbusinessesandtechnologycompanies;

•

the

failuretoattractandretainskilledpeople;


	· •	~~a failure~~any future FDIC insurance premium increases, or ~~breach of~~special assessments may adversely affect our ~~operational or security systems or infrastructure, including cyberattacks;~~ earnings;

•

the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government and its agencies;

and

geopolitical conditions, including acts or threats of terrorism and/or military conflicts, or actions taken by the U.S. or other governments in response to acts of threats or terrorism and/or military conflicts, negatively impacting business and economic conditions in the U.S. and abroad;

•

~~our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;~~


	·	~~the ability of key third-party service providers to perform their obligations to us; and~~

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	·	other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory and operational factors affecting our operations,pricing,productsandservicesdescribedelsewhereinthisquarterly report.

Because of these and a wide variety of other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements.

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Overview

Our business has traditionally focused on originating fixed-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans and offering retail deposit accounts. In September 2019, we hired our current president and chief executive officer, Janak M. Amin, and under his leadership team we have developed a commercial lending infrastructure, with a particular focus on expanding our commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loan portfolios to diversify our balance sheet, improve our interest rate risk exposure and increase interest income. Our primary market area now consists of Chester and Lancaster Counties and the surrounding Pennsylvania counties of Cumberland, Dauphin, and Lebanon. Management has also emphasized the importance of attracting commercial deposit accounts from its customers. As a result of these initiatives and the completion of our initial public stock offering on July 14, 2021, we were able to grow and strengthen our balance sheet. There was an increase in our consolidated assets ~~by $61.8~~of $22.7 million, or ~~19.6%~~5.9%, from ~~$314.9~~$386.5 million at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~$376.7~~$409.2 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and an increase in our deposits ~~by $38.5~~of $17.0 million, or ~~15.3%~~5.9%, from ~~$251.1~~$289.5 million at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~$289.6~~$306.5 million at September 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

Our results of operations depend primarily on our net interest income and, to a lesser extent, noninterest income. Net interest income is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest- earning assets, consisting primarily of loans, debt securities and other interest-earning assets (primarily cash and cash equivalents), and the interest we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, consisting primarily of savings accounts, demand accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit and borrowings. Noninterest income consists primarily of debit card income, service charges on deposit accounts, earnings on bank owned life insurance, other service charges and other income. Our results of operations also are affected by our provision for ~~loan~~credit losses and noninterest expenses. Noninterest expenses consists primarily of salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment, data and item processing costs, advertising and marketing, professional fees, directors’ fees, FDIC insurance premiums, Pennsylvania shares tax, debit card expenses, and other expenses. Our results of operations also may be affected significantly by general and local economic and competitive conditions, changes in market interest rates, government policies and actions of regulatory authorities.

For the three months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we reported net income of ~~$414,000~~$513,000 compared to net income of ~~$210,000~~$414,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. The period over period increase in earnings of ~~$204,000~~$99,000 was primarily attributable to ~~an increase~~increases in net interest income and noninterest income, and a decrease in provision for credit losses, partially offset by increases in noninterest expenses ~~provision for loan losses~~ and income tax expense.

For the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we reported net income of ~~$1,006,000~~$1,510,000 compared to net income of ~~$540,000~~$1,006,000 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. The period over period increase in earnings of ~~$466,000~~$504,000 was primarily attributable to ~~an increase~~increases in net interest income and noninterest income, and a decrease in provision for credit losses, partially offset by increases in noninterest expenses ~~provision for loan losses~~ and income tax expense.

~~Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak~~

To address the economic impact of COVID-19 in the United States, the CARES Act was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act included a number of provisions that affected us, including accounting relief for TDRs. The CARES Act also established the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) through the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), which allowed us to lend money to small businesses to help maintain employee payrolls through the crisis with guarantees from the SBA. Under this program, loan amounts may be forgiven if the borrower maintains employee payrolls and meets certain other requirements. We originated approximately $6.0 million of PPP loans in the first and second quarters of 2021. The PPP program ended in May 2021. As of January 31, 2022, all PPP loans originated by the Company have been fully forgiven. $-0- and $133,000 of loan income (interest and fees) for PPP loans was recognized for the three months ended September 30 2022 and 2021, respectively. $28,000 and $192,000 of loan income (interest and fees) for PPP loans was recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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We implemented various consumer and commercial loan modification programs to provide our borrowers relief from the economic impacts of COVID-19. Based on guidance in the CARES Act and COVID-19 related legislation, COVID-19 related modifications to loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are exempt from TDR classification under U.S. GAAP through January 1, 2022. In addition, the bank regulatory agencies issued interagency guidance stating that COVID-19 related short-term modifications (i.e., six months or less) granted to loans that were current as of the loan modification program implementation date are not TDRs.

~~As of September 30, 2022, we are no longer tracking COVID-19 deferrals as all of these loans have returned to normal payment status.~~

Critical Accounting Estimates

The discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of income and expenses. We consider the accounting ~~policies~~estimates discussed below to be critical accounting policies. The estimates and assumptions that we use are based on historical experience and various other factors and are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, resulting in a change that could have a material impact on the carrying value of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations.

In 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. As an “emerging growth company” we may delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

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Allowance for ~~loan losses.~~credit losses on loans. ~~The~~We establish the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses ~~represents management’s estimate of losses inherent~~through charges to earnings in the ~~loan portfolio as~~form of ~~the statement of financial condition date and is recorded as~~ a ~~reduction to loans. The allowance for loan losses is increased by the~~ provision for ~~loan~~credit losses. Loan losses ~~and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries. Loans deemed to be uncollectible~~ are charged against the allowance for credit losses for the difference between the carrying value of the loan ~~losses,~~ and ~~subsequent~~the estimated net realizable value or fair value of the collateral, if collateral dependent, when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. All, or part, of the principal balance of a loan receivable is charged off to the allowance as soon as it is determined that the repayment of all, or part, of the principal balance is highly unlikely. Because all identified losses are immediately charged off, no portion of the allowance for loan losses is restricted to any individual loan or groups of loans, and the entire allowance is available to absorb any and all loan losses.

The allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses ~~is maintained~~(“ACL”) at ~~a level considered adequate to provide for losses that can be reasonably anticipated. Management performs a quarterly evaluation~~September 30, 2023 represents the Company’s current estimate of the ~~adequacy~~lifetime credit losses expected from its loan portfolio. Management estimates the ACL by projecting a lifetime loss rate conditional on a forecast of economic parameters and other qualitative adjustments, for the ~~allowance. The~~loans’ expected remaining term.

Management’s judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on ~~our past~~evaluations of historical loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio,losses, current ~~economic~~ conditions and ~~other~~reasonable and supportable forecasts relevant ~~factors. This evaluation~~to the collectability of loans. In addition, management’s estimate of expected credit losses is ~~inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.~~

The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established whenbased on the discounted cash flows ~~(or collateral value or observable market price) of~~over the ~~impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. The general component covers pools~~remaining life of loans ~~by loan class including construction~~held for investment, and ~~commercial loans not considered impaired, as well as smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as residential mortgages and consumer loans. These pools~~changes in expected prepayment behavior may result in changes in the remaining life of loans and expected credit losses.

The allowance may be affected materially by a variety of qualitative factors that the Company considers to reflect its current judgement of various events and risks that are ~~evaluated for loss exposure based upon historical loss rates for each of these categories of loans, adjusted for qualitative factors.~~not measured in our statistical procedures. These qualitative risk factors include: (1) lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices; (2) national, regional, and local economic and business conditions as well as the condition of various market segments, including the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans; (3) nature

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and volume of the portfolio and terms of loans; (4) volume and severity of past due, classified and nonaccrual loans as well as loan modifications; (5) existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations; (6) effect of external factors, such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements; (7) experience, ability, and depth of lending department management and other relevant staff; ~~and~~ (8) quality of loan review and board of directors ~~oversight. Each factor~~oversight; (9)The effect of other external factors (i.e. competition, legal and regulatory requirements); (10) the level of estimated credit losses change in the inflationary environment; (11) the level of estimated credit losses change in the interest rate environment. This evaluation is ~~assigned a value~~inherently subjective because it requires estimates that are susceptible to ~~reflect improving, stable or declining conditions based on management’s best judgment using relevant~~significant revision as more information ~~available at~~becomes available. In evaluating the time of the evaluation. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we increased certain of our qualitative loan portfolio risk factors relating to local and national economic conditions as well as industry conditions and concentrations. During 2022, these qualitative factors have begun to be adjusted downward to reflect current improved conditions. An unallocated componentlevel of the allowance, ~~for loan losses is maintained~~we consider a range of possible assumptions and outcomes related to ~~cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses.~~the various factors identified above. The ~~unallocated component~~level of the allowance ~~reflects the margin of imprecision inherent~~is particularly sensitive to changes in the ~~underlying assumptions used~~actual and forecasted probability of default of benchmarked banks and changes in current conditions or reasonably expected future conditions affecting the ~~methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.~~collectability of loans.

Although we believe that we use the best information available to establish the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the evaluation. In addition, the FDIC and the PADOB, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, and as a result of such reviews, we may have to adjust our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. However, regulatory agencies are not directly involved in establishing the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses as the process is our responsibility and any increase or decrease in the allowance is the responsibility of management. A large loss could deplete the allowance and require increased provisions to replenish the allowance, which would adversely affect earnings.

Deferred tax assets. We make estimates and judgments to calculate some of our tax liabilities and determine the recoverability of some of our deferred tax assets, which arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenue and expenses. We also estimate a reserve for deferred tax assets if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. These estimates and judgments are inherently subjective. Historically, our estimates and judgments to calculate our deferred tax accounts have not required significant revision.

In evaluating our ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including our past operating results and our forecast of future taxable income. In determining future taxable income, we make assumptions for the amount of taxable income, the reversal of temporary differences and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning ~~strategies, these~~strategies. These assumptions require us to make judgments about future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates we use to manage our business. Any reduction in estimated future taxable income

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may require us to record a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. An increase in the valuation allowance would result in additional income tax expense in the period and could have a significant impact on our future earnings.

Realization of a deferred tax asset requires us to exercise significant judgment and is inherently uncertain because it requires the prediction of future occurrences. Valuation allowances are provided to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, we must estimate our taxable income in future years and the impact of tax planning strategies. If we were to determine that we would not be able to realize a portion of our net deferred tax asset in the future for which there is no valuation allowance, an adjustment to the net deferred tax asset would be charged to earnings in the period such determination was made. Conversely, if we were to make a determination that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets for which we had established a valuation allowance would be realized, the related valuation allowance would be reduced and a benefit to earnings would be recorded.

Estimation of fair values. Fair values for securities available-for-sale are obtained from an independent third-party pricing service. Where available, fair values are based on quoted prices on a nationally recognized securities exchange. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using quoted market prices for similar benchmark securities. Management generally makes no adjustments to the fair value quotes provided by the pricing source. The fair values of foreclosed real estate and the underlying collateral value of ~~impaired~~individually evaluated collateral dependent loans are typically determined based on evaluations by third parties, less estimated costs to sell. When necessary, appraisals are updated to reflect changes in market conditions.

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Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022

Total assets. Total assets increased ~~$61.8~~$22.7 million to ~~$376.7~~$409.2 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$314.9~~$386.5 million at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The increase in assets was primarily due to increases in net loans receivable and cash and cash equivalents, partially offset by a decrease in debt securities available-for-sale. Growth was driven by maturity of short-term treasury securities that were not reinvested in additional securities and instead used to enhance commercial loan growth and ~~investment of liquidity in treasury securities.~~our cash position. Gross loans increased ~~$53.1~~$25.1 million, or 8.2%, to ~~$306.1~~$330.5 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$253.0~~$305.4 million at December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, primarily due to growth in the commercial ~~and construction~~ real estate ~~portfolios. Debt securities available-for-sale~~portfolio. Cash and cash equivalents increased ~~$11.6~~$8.0 million to ~~$37.2~~$25.2 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$25.6~~$17.2 million at December 31, ~~2021,~~2022. Debt securities available-for-sale decreased $11.3 million to $40.7 million at September 30, 2023 from $52.0 million at December 31, 2022, primarily due to the ~~purchase~~maturity of ~~$19.9 million of~~short-term treasury securities, partially offset by a combination of a decrease in the fair market value of debt securities available-for-sale due to the increase in market interest rates during the first nine months of 2022 and principal repayments on mortgage-backed securities.

Net loans receivable increased ~~$52.2~~$24.5 million, or ~~20.9%~~8.1%, to ~~$301.4~~$325.4 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$249.2~~$300.9 million at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 primarily due to ~~increases~~the increase in the commercial ~~and construction~~ real estate ~~portfolios.~~portfolio. Commercial real estate loans increased ~~$32.2~~$37.8 million, or ~~27.2%~~25.5%, to ~~$150.5~~$186.4 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$118.3~~$148.6 million at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The increase in commercial real estate loans was primarily due to the continued implementation of our strategy to expand our commercial loan portfolio to diversify our balance sheet. Consumer and other loans increased $1.6 million, or 19.4%, to $9.8 million at September 30, 2023 from $8.2 million at December 31, 2022. Construction real estate loans ~~increased $11.1~~decreased $10.6 million, or ~~81.3%~~51.9%, to ~~$24.9~~$9.8 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$13.8~~$20.4 million at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 primarily due to ~~new~~ construction completion and conversion to real estate ~~loans and~~loans. One- to ~~a lesser extent draws on existing commitments. One-to~~ four-family residential ~~real estate~~ loans ~~increased $5.5~~decreased $2.9 million, or ~~5.2%~~2.6%, to ~~$111.5~~$107.5 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$106.0~~$110.4 million at December 31, ~~2021. All PPP~~2022 primarily due to loan payments. Commercial and industrial loans ~~were fully forgiven as of January~~decreased $872,000, or 4.9%, to $17.0 million at September 30, 2023 from $17.9 million at December 31, 2022 ~~previously classified~~primarily due to loan payoffs.

Management is monitoring the commercial real estate portfolio and concentration, assessing its associated risks. As part of its risk management process, the Bank segments and stress tests its commercial real estate portfolio. As of September 30, 2023, approximately 73% or $109.5 million of the non-owner occupied commercial real estate loan portfolio was subject to stress testing (loans having exposure under $250,000 and investor one- to four- family properties generally are not subject to stress testing). At September 30, 2023, the commercial real estate portfolio has an average Loan-to-Value ratio of 62.9% and a Debt Service Coverage ratio of 1.38 times, exclusive of any sponsor or guarantor support. The commercial real estate portfolio is diverse with respect to both property type as ~~commercial~~well as location with concentrations limited. Two segments, office space and ~~industrial loans.~~hospitality, are the subject of market scrutiny with these segments’ exposure and selected credit metrics outlined below.

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The Bank has reviewed its loan portfolio for exposure to office space given the uncertainty and potential risks associated with vacancy, future demand, and repricing risk for these assets. The Bank’s exposure to this segment is minimal with only $9.5 million in non-owner-occupied office space at September 30, 2023. Notably the five loans comprising the office segment are all medical related, which the Bank believes has not suffered the same decline that the general office market has experienced. The office space loan portfolio has an average Loan-to-Value ratio of 73.3% and Debt Service Coverage ratio of 1.42 times, exclusive of any sponsor or guarantor support at September 30, 2023.

The Bank’s hospitality portfolio is also an area of market focus. Loan exposure to this segment totaled $17.4 million (five hotel properties) at September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2023, the average Loan-to-Value ratio of the Bank’s hospitality portfolio was 56.1% with Debt Service Coverage ratio of 1.99 times, exclusive of any sponsor or guarantor support. The Bank believes guarantor support for the hospitality sector is strong and loans are supported by experienced hotel operators.

Cash and cash equivalents increased $8.0 million, or 46.4%, to $25.2 million at September 30, 2023 from $17.2 million at December 31, 2022 due to an increase in fed funds sold and cash and due from banks. The increase was due to the maturity of $30.0 million of short-term treasury securities, whereas only $19.0 million were reinvested in short term agency bonds and treasury securities.

Debt securities available-for-sale ~~increased $11.6~~decreased $11.4 million, or ~~45.2%~~21.9%, to ~~$37.2~~$40.7 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$25.6~~$52.0 million at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due to the ~~purchase~~maturity of ~~$19.9~~$30.0 million of treasury securities, partially offset by ~~$5.0~~the purchase of $19.0 million of short term agency bonds and treasury securities ~~maturing,~~and a ~~$2.2 million~~$161,000 year to date ~~decrease~~increase in the fair market value of debt securities available for ~~sale due to the increase in market interest rates and $1.2 million of principal repayments on mortgage-backed securities during the first nine months of 2022.~~sale.

Deposits and borrowings. Total deposits increased ~~$38.5~~$17.0 million, or ~~15.3%~~5.9%, to ~~$289.6~~$306.5 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$251.1~~$289.5 million at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The increase in our deposits reflected a ~~$19.6~~$26.2 million increase in interest-bearing demand deposits accounts and a $3.2 million increase in certificates of deposit, ~~a $11.5~~partially offset by an $8.8 million ~~increase~~decrease in ~~interest-bearing demand~~savings accounts, a ~~$4.7~~$3.3 million ~~increase~~decrease in money market accounts and a ~~$1.9 million increase~~$375,000 decrease in ~~non-interest-bearing~~noninterest-bearing demand deposit accounts due to customers utilizing their deposits ~~and an $825,000 increase in savings accounts.~~or moving deposits to higher yielding deposit products. Demand deposits ~~money market accounts and savings accounts~~ increased primarily due to management’s continuing focus on increasing the commercial deposit accounts of its customers. The increase in certificates of deposit was due to offering deposit specials to maintain current certificate of deposit customers, partially offset by a ~~deposit special and increasing~~decrease in listing service ~~deposits.~~and brokered deposits that were not replaced. Uninsured deposits, excluding public deposits, which are secured with pledged investments and FHLB Letters of Credit, were approximately $37.9 million and $49.8 million, or 12.4% and 17.2% of total deposits at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Total borrowings from the ~~Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh~~FHLB increased ~~$23.7~~$4.3 million, or ~~142.3%~~8.9%, to ~~$40.4~~$51.9 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$16.7~~$47.6 million at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due to replacement of advances that matured during the first quarter of 2023 and additional ~~advances to fund future loan originations.~~ borrowing in the second quarter and third quarter of 2023.

Stockholders’ Equity. Stockholders’ equity ~~decreased $1.2 million,~~increased $595,000, or ~~2.7%~~1.3%, to ~~$44.6~~$46.6 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$45.8~~$46.0 million at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The ~~decrease~~increase was due to an increase of ~~$1.7~~$1.5 million for current nine month period net income and a decrease of $161,000 in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a result of a ~~decrease~~slight increase in the fair market value of our debt securities available-for-sale year to date ~~2022 and~~2023, partially offset by the repurchase of ~~37,789~~100,109 shares of common stock for ~~$498,000, partially offset by year to date net income of $1.0~~$1.3 million.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2021~~2022

General. Net income increased ~~$204,000~~$99,000, or ~~97.1%~~23.9%, to $513,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $414,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $210,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The ~~$204,000~~$99,000 period over period increase in earnings was attributable to a ~~$1.0~~$1.5 million increase in interest and dividend income, a $206,000 decrease in the provision for credit losses and a $44,000 increase in noninterest income, partially offset by a ~~$316,000~~$1.4 million increase in ~~noninterest expenses,~~interest expense, a ~~$263,000~~$161,000 increase in ~~the provision for loan losses,~~noninterest expenses and a ~~$157,000 increase in~~ ~~interest expense,~~ ~~a $51,000~~$43,000 increase in income tax ~~expense~~ ~~and a $45,000 decrease in noninterest income~~.expense.

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Interest and dividend income. Total interest and dividend income increased ~~$1.0~~$1.4 million, or ~~39.1%~~39.5%, to $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $2.7 million~~2022. The increase in

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interest and dividend income was primarily the result of a 114 basis points increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets. The average yield on average interest-earning assets increased to 5.07% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2023 from 3.93% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase ~~in interest and dividend income~~ was ~~the result of~~also due to a ~~$66.7~~$27.4 million increase period over period in the average balance of interest-earning assets, driven by a ~~$73.8~~$26.5 million increase in average loan balances, ~~and~~ a ~~$13.5~~$1.4 million increase in the average balance of cash and cash equivalents and a $458,000 increase in the average balance of restricted stocks, partially offset by an $886,000 decrease in the average balance of debt and equity securities available for ~~sale, partially offset by a $21.7 million decrease in average cash and cash equivalents.~~ sale.

Interest income on loans, including fees, increased ~~$810,000,~~$1.0 million, or ~~31.7%~~30.3%, to $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, ~~as compared~~reflecting an 83 basis points increase in the average yield on loans to ~~$2.6 million~~5.35% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021, reflecting~~2023 from 4.52% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and an increase in the average balance of loans to $324.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $298.4 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $224.6 million for~~2022. The average yield on loans increased as a result of the ~~three months ended September 30, 2021~~higher interest rate environment when new loans were originated and ~~a three basis points~~the increase in the ~~average yield on loans.~~variable rate loan yields. The increase in the average balance of loans was due primarily to ~~increases~~an increase in the average ~~balances~~balance of commercial ~~and construction~~ real estate loans reflecting our strategy to grow commercial lending.The average yield on loans increased to 4.52% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 from 4.49% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as a result of the new loans being booked at higher yields and the adjustable rate portfolio increasing due to the rising interest rate environment. The three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 included $-0- and $133,000, respectively, of PPP loan income in interest and net fees.

Interest income on securities and restricted stocks increased ~~$73,000,~~$187,000, or ~~94.8%~~124.7%, to $337,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $150,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $77,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The ~~$56,000~~ increase in interest income on debt and equity securities ~~available for sale~~of $168,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 was due to an increase in the average balance of debt and equity securities available for sale of $13.5 million, or 47.3%, to $41.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 from $28.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and a 25166 basis points increase in the average yield on debt and equity securities ~~available~~to 2.84% for ~~sale to~~the three months ended September 30, 2023 from 1.18% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, ~~from 0.93% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase~~partially offset by a decrease in the average balance of debt and equity securities ~~available~~of $886,000, or 2.11%, to $41.1 million for ~~sale~~the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $41.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 due to repayments. The increase in the average yield on debt and equity securities was primarily due to the purchase of ~~$19.9 million of~~higher yielding short term agency bonds and treasury securities during ~~the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The average yield on debt~~2022 and ~~equity securities available for sale increased due to the higher yield on the treasury securities purchased in 2022.~~2023. Restricted ~~stocks~~stock income is also included in the interest income on securities. Restricted stock income increased ~~$17,000~~$19,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from the three months ended September 30, 2022 due to a 206 basis points increase in the average yield on restricted stocks to 7.37% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from 5.31% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 ~~from the three months ended September 30, 2021~~and due to an increase in the average balance of restricted stocks of ~~$1.1 million,~~$458,000, or ~~120.7%~~23.3%, to ~~$2.0~~$2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$890,000~~$1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021 and a 112 basis points increase in the average yield on restricted stocks.~~2022. The increase in ~~the~~ average yield on restricted stock was due to the Federal Home Loan Bank dividend ~~yield~~ increasing and the average balance in ~~2022.~~restricted stocks increased due to increases in Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings that requires an increase in our ownership of Federal Home Loan Bank stock.

Interest income on cash and cash equivalents increased ~~$153,000,~~$251,000, or ~~850.0%~~146.8%, to $422,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $171,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022, from $18,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The increase in interest income on cash and cash equivalents was ~~primarily~~ attributable to an increase in the average yield on cash and cash equivalents of ~~189~~283 basis points to 4.85% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from 2.02% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 ~~from 0.13% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, partially offset by a decrease~~and due to an increase in the average balance of cash and cash ~~equivalents.~~equivalents of $1.4 million, or 4.2%, to $34.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $33.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 . The increase in the average yield of cash and cash equivalents was due to the Federal Reserve Bank increasing the Fed Funds rate by ~~300~~425 basis points during ~~the first three quarters of 2022. The decrease in the average balance of cash~~2022 and ~~cash equivalents of $21.7~~100 basis points year to date at September 30, 2023.

Interest expense. Interest expense increased $1.4 million, or ~~39.4%~~201.9%, to ~~$33.3~~$2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~ 2023 20from ~~$55.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was due to funding~~ ~~loan originations and investing in treasury securities~~.

~~Interest expense.~~ ~~Interest expense increased $157,000, or 29.2%, to~~ $695,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 20~~from $538,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021~~ as a result of ~~an increase~~increases in interest expense on deposits and borrowings ~~and deposits.~~in the rising interest rate environment. The increase was due to an increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities of $70.1 million to $312.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 from $242.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and a ~~one~~177 basis ~~point~~points increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities from ~~0.88%~~0.89% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~0.89%~~2.66% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, partially offset by a decrease in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities of $429,000 to $312.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $312.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Interest expense on deposits increased ~~$32,000,~~$1.2 million, or ~~7.4%~~253.0%, to $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $466,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 ~~from $434,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021~~ as a result of ana 187 basis points increase in the average cost of ~~$46.2~~interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a decrease of $10.5 million in the average balance of our interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a 13 basis points decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing deposits due to the decrease in average cost of certificates of deposit. The increase in the average balance of our transaction accounts ~~primarily reflected management’s focus on increasing the commercial deposit accounts of its customers in 2022.~~ ~~The~~

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~~decrease~~deposits. The increase in the average cost of deposits was primarily due to a 34198 basis points ~~decrease~~increase in the average cost of certificates of deposit, traditionally our higher costing deposits, to 3.16% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from 1.18% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from 1.52% for the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The average cost of transaction accounts, traditionally our lower costing deposit accounts, consisting of demand, savings, and money market accounts increased ~~by eight~~149 basis points to 1.92% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from 0.43% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from 0.35%~~2022. The increase in rates was due to the rising interest rate environment and increased competition. A decrease in the average balance of our transaction accounts by $40.3 million to $139.8 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021, combined with the increase in the average balance of interest-bearing transaction accounts of $33.9 million to~~2023 from $180.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 ~~from $146.2~~was due to customers moving money to certificates of deposit and utilizing their deposits partially offset by an increase of $29.8 million in the average certificates of deposit to $121.5 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021. The weighted average rate paid on deposits, including non-interest bearing deposits, decreased one basis point to 0.62%~~2023 from $91.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 ~~from 0.63% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as a result~~. The average balance of ~~replacing new~~ certificates of deposit ~~upon~~increased due to promotional specials to increase deposits in the ~~maturing of existing certificates of deposit at lower rates during the first nine months of 2022.~~rising rate environment.

Interest expense on Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings increased ~~$125,000,~~$224,000, or ~~120.2%~~97.8%, to $453,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $229,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $104,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The increase in interest expense on Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings ~~was caused by a $23.9 million~~resulted from an increase in ~~our~~the average ~~balance~~cost of these funds of 127 basis points to 3.50% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from 2.23% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as higher cost Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings were incurred during 2023 to increase liquidity. There was an increase of $10.0 million in the average Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings to $50.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $40.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 ~~compared to $16.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021~~ as a result of ~~liquidity needs in the rising rate environment, partially offset by a decrease in the average cost of these funds of 22 basis points~~using Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings to 2.23% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 from 2.45% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as lower cost borrowings were purchased during 2022 compared to the average cost during 2021.fund loan growth and increase liquidity.

Net interest income. Net interest income increased ~~$879,000,~~$53,000, or ~~41.7%~~1.8%, to ~~$3.0 million~~$3,041,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to ~~$2.1 million~~$2,988,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. The increase in net interest income for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 was primarily due to the ~~increase~~increases in interest income on loans, cash and cash equivalents and debt securities available-for-sale, partially offset by ~~an increase~~increases in interest expense on deposits and borrowings. ~~Our~~Average net ~~interest margin~~interest-earning assets increased ~~48 basis points~~by $27.9 million to ~~3.19%~~$91.1 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from 2.71% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Our net interest rate spread increased 53 basis points to 3.04% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 from 2.51% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Average net interest-earning assets decreased by $3.3 million to $63.3 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $66.6 million~~2022. Our net interest margin decreased 19 basis points to 3.00% for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2023 from 3.19% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Our net interest rate spread decreased 63 basis points to 2.41% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from 3.04% for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Provision for ~~loan~~credit losses. We ~~establish~~charge provisions for ~~loan~~credit losses ~~which are charged~~ to operations in order to maintain ~~the~~our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses on loans and reserve for unfunded commitments at a level ~~we consider~~that is considered reasonable and necessary to absorb expected credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio and expected losses on commitments to grant loans that are ~~both probable and reasonably estimable~~expected to be advanced at the consolidated balance sheet date. In determining the level of the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, we consider our past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions, and the levels of non-performing and other classified loans. The amount of the allowance is based on estimates and the ultimate losses may vary from such estimates as more information becomes available or conditions change. We assess the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses on a quarterly basis and make provisions for ~~loan~~credit losses in order to maintain the allowance.

Based on our evaluation of the above factors, we recorded a $140,000 provision for credit losses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to a $346,000 provision for loan losses for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 compared to an $83,000~~2022. The decrease in the provision for credit losses was primarily driven by moderated loan growth and a provision for credit losses on loans of $153,000, partially offset by a recovery for unfunded commitments of $13,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in the provision for loan losses was primarily driven by loan growth. We have seen a decrease in historical loss factors in the current quarter driven by no charge- offs in 2021 and no charge-offs to date in 2022. The qualitative factors have been adjusted to account for an increase in delinquencies for a commercial and industrial loan that is moving towards becoming greater than 90 days past due in the fourth quarter 2022 with a downgrade to substandard status and likely impairment and a required specific reserve allocation. The increase in the unallocated allowance was attributable to the unknown risks for the remainder of 2022 as interest rates continue to rise. The impact on client cash flows as a result of increased financing costs and loans repricing and the resultant impact on delinquencies and the loan portfolio is unknown.2023. The allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses on loans was ~~$3.8~~$4.5 million, or ~~1.24%~~1.35%, of loans outstanding at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~$3.1~~$4.0 million, or ~~1.24%~~1.31%, of loans outstanding at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

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experience with respect to our loan portfolio, could result in material increases in our provision for ~~loan~~credit losses. In addition, the PADOB and the FDIC, as an integral part of their examination process, will periodically review our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, and as a result of such reviews, we may have to adjust our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses.

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However, regulatory agencies are not directly involved in establishing the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses as the process is our responsibility and any increase or decrease in the allowance is the responsibility of management.

Noninterest income. Noninterest income information is as follows.


	Three Months Ended								Three Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		Amount		Percent		2023		2022		Amount		Percent

	(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	40	$	38	$	2	5.3	%	$	39	$	40	$	(1)	(2.5)	%
(Loss) gain on equity investments		(33)		8		(41)	(512.5)
Loss on equity securities										(24)		(33)		9	(27.3)
Bank owned life insurance income		44		46		(2)	(4.3)			50		44		6	13.6
Debit card income		51		51		—	—			59		51		8	15.7
Other service charges		19		21		(2)	(9.5)			20		19		1	5.3
Other income		20		22		(2)	(9.1)			41		20		21	105.0
Total noninterest income	$	141	$	186	$	(45)	(24.2)	%	$	185	$	141	$	44	31.2	%

Noninterest income ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$45,000,~~$44,000, or ~~24.2%~~31.2%, to $185,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $141,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $186,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The ~~decrease~~increase in noninterest income resulted primarily from an increase in other income of $21,000, a decrease in the loss on equity ~~investments.~~investments of $9,000 and an increase in debit card income of $8,000. Other income increased $21,000 due to $22,000 of loan related fee income earned for brokering interest rate swap agreements between the Bank’s customers and counterparties unrelated to the Bank. The loss on equity investments ~~increased $41,000~~was $9,000 less as a result of ~~the~~less of a decrease in fair value of the equity investments. Debit card income increased $8,000 due to an increase in debit card usage and charges for the quarter.

Noninterest Expenses. Noninterest expenses information is as follows.


	Three Months Ended								Three Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		Amount		Percent		2023		2022		Amount		Percent

	(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	1,216	$	1,051	$	165	15.7	%	$	1,279	$	1,216	$	63	5.2	%
Occupancy and equipment		173		153		20	13.1			180		173		7	4.0
Data and item processing		254		241		13	5.4			268		254		14	5.5
Advertising and marketing		37		37		—	—			60		37		23	62.2
Professional fees		186		135		51	37.8			170		186		(16)	(8.6)
Directors’ fees		60		60		—	—			107		60		47	78.3
FDIC insurance premiums		38		59		(21)	(35.6)			46		38		8	21.1
Pennsylvania shares tax		84		—		84	100.0			72		84		(12)	(14.3)
Debit card expenses		36		33		3	9.1			44		36		8	22.2
Other		187		186		1	0.5			206		187		19	10.2
Total noninterest expenses	$	2,271	$	1,955	$	316	16.2	%	$	2,432	$	2,271	$	161	7.1	%

Noninterest expenses increased ~~$316,000,~~$161,000, or ~~16.2%~~7.1%, to $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The increase in noninterest expenses was primarily the result of increases in salaries and employee benefits expense of ~~$165,000, Pennsylvania shares tax of $84,000 and professional~~$63,000, Directors’ fees of ~~$51,000, partially offset by a decrease in FDIC insurance premiums~~$47,000 and advertising and marketing expense of ~~$21,000.~~$23,000. Salaries and employee benefits expense increased ~~$165,000~~$63,000 primarily due to stock-based compensation expense of $105,000 for the third quarter of 2023, the hiring of additional staff and annual salary increases. Pennsylvania shares tax increased $84,000 due to the Bank being subject to the tax as part of the mutual to stock conversion. Professional fees increased $51,000 primarily due to ongoing compliance expense due to becoming an SEC registrantincreases, partially offset by lower bonus accruals in the third quarter of ~~2021. FDIC insurance premiums decreased $21,000~~2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Directors’ fees increased $47,000 primarily due to stock-based compensation expense of $33,000 for the third quarter of 2023, adding an additional Director in November 2022 and fee increases to all non-employee Directors. Advertising and marketing expense increased $23,000 due to the ~~decrease~~increases in ~~the FDIC quarterly multiplier when comparing the three months ended September 30, 2022 to the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~contributions or donations of $9,000 and an increase in event sponsorships of $4,000 quarter over quarter.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense increased ~~$51,000,~~$43,000, or 43.9%, to $141,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $98,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $47,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The effective tax rates were ~~19.1%~~21.6% and ~~18.3%~~19.1% for the three month periods ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The increase in income tax expense for the ~~three months~~

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three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 was primarily due to an increase in income before income ~~taxes.~~

~~Table~~taxes and relatively consistent levels of ~~Contents~~income not subject to taxes.

Average balances and yields. The following table sets forth average balance sheets, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments have been made, as the effects would be immaterial. All average balances are daily average balances. Non-accrual loans were included in the computation of average balances. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense.

For the Three Months Ended September 30,

2022

2021


Average





Average




Outstanding

Average

Outstanding

Average

Balance

Interest

Yield/Rate (5)

Balance

Interest

Yield/Rate (5)

(Dollars in thousands)

Interest-earning assets:













Loans

$
298,418

$
3,362

4.52
%
$
224,574

$
2,552

4.49
%
Debt and equity securities available for sale

41,938

124

1.18
%

28,469

68

0.93
%
Restricted stocks

1,964

26

5.31
%

890

9

4.19
%
Cash and cash equivalents

33,349

171

2.02
%

55,038

18

0.13
%
Total interest-earning assets

375,669

3,683

3.93
%

308,971

2,647

3.39
%
Noninterest-earning assets

12,200



10,169





Total assets

$
387,869



$
319,140





Interest-bearing liabilities:













Interest-bearing demand deposits

$
85,097

62

0.29
%
$
74,316

55

0.29
%
Savings deposits

22,983

20

0.36
%

20,907

18

0.34
%
Money market deposits

72,045

113

0.63
%

51,005

57

0.45
%
Certificates of deposit

91,676

271

1.18
%

79,371

304

1.52
%
Total interest-bearing deposits

271,801

466

0.63
%

225,599

434

0.76
%
Long-term borrowings

40,590

229

2.23
%

16,730

104

2.45
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities

312,391

695

0.89
%

242,329

538

0.88
%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits (1)

25,386



46,389



Other noninterest-bearing liabilities

1,765



(762)





Total liabilities

339,542

287,956





Stockholders' equity

48,327



31,184





Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

$
387,869



$
319,140





Net interest income

$
2,988





$
2,109



Net interest rate spread (2)

3.04
%





2.51
%
Net interest-earning assets (3)

$
63,278



$
66,642





Net interest margin (4)

3.19
%





2.71
%
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities

120.26
%



127.50
%


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023							2022
	Average							Average
	Outstanding					Average		Outstanding					Average
	Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (4)		Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (4)

	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	324,867		$	4,380	5.35	%	$	298,418		$	3,362	4.52	%
Debt and equity securities		41,052			292	2.84	%		41,938			124	1.18	%
Restricted stocks		2,422			45	7.37	%		1,964			26	5.31	%
Cash and cash equivalents		34,761			422	4.85	%		33,349			171	2.02	%
Total interest-earning assets		403,102			5,139	5.07	%		375,669			3,683	3.93	%
Noninterest-earning assets		14,757							12,200
Total assets	$	417,859						$	387,869

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	77,833			413	2.11	%	$	85,097			62	0.29	%
Savings deposits		14,821			12	0.31	%		22,983			20	0.36	%
Money market deposits		47,169			252	2.12	%		72,045			113	0.63	%
Certificates of deposit		121,506			968	3.16	%		91,676			271	1.18	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		261,329			1,645	2.50	%		271,801			466	0.63	%
Long-term borrowings		50,633			453	3.50	%		40,590			229	2.23	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		311,962			2,098	2.66	%		312,391			695	0.89	%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits		50,978							25,386
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		3,970							1,765
Total liabilities		366,910							339,542
Stockholders' equity		50,949							48,327
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	417,859						$	387,869
Net interest income				$	3,041						$	2,988
Net interest rate spread (1)						2.41	%						3.04	%
Net interest-earning assets (2)	$	91,140						$	63,278
Net interest margin (3)						3.00	%						3.19	%
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities		129.22	%						120.26	%

(1)	~~Includes stock subscriptions restricted deposits in 2021, whereas interest was calculated by the Bank at five basis points and paid by the stock transfer agent.~~

~~(2)~~

Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average rate of interest-bearing liabilities.

~~(3)~~(2)

Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

~~(4)~~(3)

Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

~~(5)~~(4)

Annualized.

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Rate/Volume Analysis

The following table presents the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the periods indicated. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate). The total increase (decrease) column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately, based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume. There were no out-of-period items or adjustments required to be excluded from the table below.

Three Months Ended

September 30, 2022 vs. 2021

September 30, 2023 vs. 2022

Increase (Decrease) Due to

Total

Increase (Decrease) Due to

Total

Increase

Volume

Rate

(Decrease)

Volume

Rate

(Decrease)

(In thousands)

Interest-earning assets:

Loans

302

310

301

717

1,018

Debt and equity securities available for sale

Debt and equity securities

(3)

171

168

Restricted stocks

Cash and cash equivalents

(7)

160

153

244

251

Total interest-earning assets

338

198

536

311

1,145

1,456

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Interest-bearing demand deposits

(1)

(5)

356

351

Savings deposits

—

(7)

(1)

(8)

Money market deposits

(40)

179

139

Certificates of deposit

(80)

(33)

608

697

Total deposits

(49)

1,142

1,179

Borrowings

147

(22)

125

168

224

Total interest-bearing liabilities

228

(71)

157

1,310

1,403

Change in net interest income

110

269

379

218

(165)

Comparison of Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2021~~2022

General. Net income increased ~~$466,000,~~$504,000, or ~~86.3%~~50.1%, to ~~$1,006,000~~$1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$540,000~~$1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. The ~~$466,000~~$504,000 period over period increase in earnings was attributable to a ~~$2.3~~$4.9 million increase in interest and dividend income, ~~partially~~ ~~offset by an $851,000~~a $172,000 increase in noninterest ~~expenses,~~income and a ~~$418,000 increase~~$69,000 decrease in the provision for ~~loan~~credit losses, partially offset by a ~~$271,000~~$3.3 million increase in interest expense, a $1.2 million increase in noninterest expense, ~~a $127,000 decrease in noninterest income~~ and a ~~$120,000~~$186,000 increase in income tax expense.

Interest and dividend income. Total interest and dividend income increased ~~$2.3~~$4.9 million, or ~~30.6%~~51.3%, to $14.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $9.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The increase in interest and dividend income was primarily the result of a ~~$72.5~~141 basis points increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets. The average yield on average interest-earning assets increased to 4.97% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from 3.56% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was also due to a $31.6 million increase period over period in the average balance of interest-earning assets, driven by a ~~$71.0~~$33.3 million increase in average loan balances, ~~and~~ a ~~$5.4~~$2.5 million increase in the average balance of debt and equity securities available for sale and a $600,000 increase in average balance of restricted stocks, partially offset by a ~~$4.7~~$4.8 million decrease in the average balance of cash and cash equivalents.

Interest income on loans, including fees, increased ~~$1.9~~$3.5 million, or ~~27.3%~~39.0%, to $12.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $9.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, ~~as compared~~reflecting a 104 basis points increase in the average yield on loans to ~~$7.1 million~~5.30% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021, reflecting~~2023 from 4.26% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and an increase in the average balance of loans to $315.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $282.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $211.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 partially offset by a 21 basis points decrease in the~~2022. The average yield on ~~loans.~~loans increased as a result of the higher interest rate environment when new loans were originated and the increase in the variable rate loan yields. The increase in the average balance of loans was due primarily to ~~increases~~an increase in the average ~~balances~~balance of

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commercial ~~and construction~~ real estate loans reflecting our strategy to grow commercial lending. The ~~average yield on loans decreased to 4.26% for the~~ nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ~~from 4.47% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as a result of the low interest rate environment when new loans were originated in the fourth quarter of 2021~~included $-0- and ~~first quarter of 2022. The nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 included~~ $28,000, ~~and $192,000,~~ respectively, of PPP loan income in interest and net fees.

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Interest income on securities and restricted stocks increased ~~$76,000,~~$407,000, or ~~29.8%~~123.0%, to $738,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $331,000 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $255,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The increase in interest income on debt and equity securities ~~available~~of $332,000 for ~~sale of $58,000~~the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was due to a 113 basis points increase in the average yield on debt and equity securities to 2.22% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from 1.09% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ~~from the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was due to~~and an increase in the average balance of debt and equity securities available for sale of ~~$5.4~~$2.5 million, or ~~18.9%~~7.5%, to $36.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $34.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $28.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and a seven basis points~~2022. The increase in the average yield ~~on debt~~ and ~~equity securities available for sale to 1.09% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from 1.02% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in the average~~ balance of debt and equity securities ~~available for sale~~ was primarily due to the purchase of ~~$19.9 million of~~higher yielding short term agency bonds and treasury securities during ~~the nine months ended September 30, 2022.~~2022 and 2023. Restricted ~~stocks~~stock income is also included in the interest income on securities. Restricted stock income increased ~~$18,000~~$75,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to a 327 basis points increase in the average yield on restricted stocks to 7.27% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from 4.00% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ~~from the nine months ended September 30, 2021~~and due to an increase in the average balance of restricted stocks of ~~$844,000,~~$600,000, or ~~92.8%~~34.2%, to $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from $909,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, partially offset by a 107 basis points decrease in the average yield on restricted stocks to 4.00% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from 5.07% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.2022. The ~~decrease~~increase in average yield on restricted stock was due to the Federal Home Loan Bank dividend ~~being paid in arrears~~increasing and the average balance ~~increasing.~~in restricted stocks increased due to increases in Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings that requires an increase in our ownership of Federal Home Loan Bank stock.

Interest income on cash and cash equivalents increased ~~$243,000,~~$1.0 million, or ~~837.9%~~372.1%, to $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $272,000 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022, from $35,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The increase in interest income on cash and cash equivalents was attributable to an increase in the average yield on cash and cash equivalents of 76371 basis points to 4.55% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from 0.84% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, ~~from 0.08% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021,~~ partially offset by a decrease in the average balance of cash and cash equivalents. The increase in the average yield of cash and cash equivalents was due to the Federal Reserve Bank increasing the Fed Funds rate by ~~300~~425 basis points during ~~the first three quarters of 2022.~~2022 and 100 basis points year to date at September 30, 2023. The decrease in the average balance of cash and cash equivalents of ~~$4.7~~$4.8 million, or ~~10.0%~~11.3%, to $37.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $42.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ~~from $47.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021~~ was due to funding loan originations and investing in short term agency bonds and treasury ~~securities~~.securities.

Interest expense. Interest expense increased ~~$271,000,~~$3.3 million, or ~~16.3%~~171.0%, to $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 20from $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 20as a result of increases in interest expense on borrowings and deposits in the rising interest rate environment. The increase was due to a 138 basis points increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities from ~~$1.7 million~~0.87% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021 as a result of an increase in interest expense on borrowings~~2022 to 2.25% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and ~~deposits. The increase was due to~~ an increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities of ~~$58.9~~$13.6 million to ~~$297.7~~$311.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from ~~$238.9~~$297.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, partially offset by a six basis points decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities from 0.93% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to 0.87% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Interest expense on deposits increased ~~$26,000,~~$2.6 million, or ~~1.9%~~188.3%, atto $4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ~~and~~as a result of a 138 basis points increase in the average cost of interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a decrease of $130,000 in the average balance of our interest-bearing deposits. The increase in the average cost of deposits was primarily due to a 146 basis points increase in the average cost of certificates of deposit, traditionally our higher costing deposits, to 2.75% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as a result of an increase in the average balance of our interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a 20 basis points decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing deposits. The increase in the average balance of our transaction accounts ~~primarily reflected management’s focus on increasing the commercial deposit accounts of its customers in 2022.~~ ~~The increase in the average balance of interest-bearing transaction accounts of $32.2 million to $171.4 million~~2023 from 1.29% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $139.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, partially offset by the~~2022. The average cost of transaction accounts, traditionally our lower costing deposit accounts, consisting of demand, savings, and money market accounts ~~decreased two~~increased 105 basis points to ~~0.37%~~1.44% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 from 0.39% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. The increase in rates was due to the rising interest rate environment and increased competition. A decrease in the average ~~cost~~balance of ~~deposits was primarily due~~our transaction accounts by $27.3 million to ~~a 28 basis points decrease in~~$144.2 million for the ~~average cost of certificates of deposit, traditionally our higher costing deposits, to 1.29%~~nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $171.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ~~from 1.57%~~was primarily due to a large short-term municipal deposit in 2022. An increase of $27.1 million in the average certificates of deposit to $117.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021. The weighted average rate paid on deposits, including non-interest bearing deposits, decreased two basis points to 0.64%~~2023 from $90.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ~~from 0.66% for~~was due to promotional specials to increase deposits in the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2021 as a result of replacing new certificates of deposit upon the maturing of existing certificates of deposit at lower rates.~~rising rate environment.

Interest expense on Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings increased ~~$245,000,~~$724,000, or ~~77.3%~~128.8%, to $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $562,000 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $317,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The increase in interest expense on Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings was caused by an $18.9 million increase in our average balance of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings to $36.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $17.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as a result of increasing our liquidity in the rising rate environment, partially offset by a decrease in the average cost of these funds of 39 basis points to 2.05% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022

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on Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings resulted from ~~2.44%~~an increase in the average cost of these funds of 136 basis points to 3.41% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2023 from 2.05% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as ~~lower~~higher cost Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings were ~~purchased~~incurred during 2023 to increase liquidity. There was an increase of $13.7 million in the ~~first three quarters~~average Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings to $49.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $36.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as a result of ~~2022.~~using Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings to partially fund loan growth and purchase short-term securities.

Net interest income. Net interest income increased ~~$2.0~~$1.6 million, or ~~34.8%~~21.2%, to $9.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $7.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 as compared to $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The increase in net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 was primarily due to the increases in interest income on loans, ~~debt securities available-for-sale and~~ cash and cash equivalents and debt securities available-for-sale, partially offset by ~~an increase~~increases in interest expense on deposits and borrowings. Average net interest-earning assets increased by ~~$13.6~~$18.0 million to $80.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $62.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $49.3 million~~2022. Our net interest margin increased 33 basis points to 3.18% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021. Our net interest margin increased 20 basis points to~~2023 from 2.85% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from 2.65%~~2022. Our net interest rate spread increased three basis points to 2.72% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021. Our net interest rate spread increased 20 basis points to~~2023 from 2.69% for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from 2.49% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022.

Based on our evaluation of the above factors, we recorded a $570,000 provision for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to a $639,000 provision for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 compared to a $221,000~~2022. The decrease in the provision for credit losses was primarily driven by moderated loan growth and a provision for credit losses on loans of $602,000, partially offset by a recovery for unfunded commitments of $32,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in the provision for loan losses was primarily driven by loan growth. We have seen a decrease in historical loss factors in the first three quarters of 2022 driven by no charge-offs in 2021 and no charge-offs to date in 2022. The qualitative factors have been adjusted to account for an increase in delinquencies for a commercial and industrial loan that is moving towards becoming greater than 90 days past due in the fourth quarter 2022 with a downgrade to substandard status and likely impairment and a required specific reserve allocation. The increase in the unallocated allowance was attributable to the unknown risks for the remainder of 2022 as interest rates continue to rise. The impact on client cash flows as a result of increased financing costs and loans repricing and the resultant impact on delinquencies and the loan portfolio is unknown.2023. The allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses was ~~$3.8~~$4.5 million, or ~~1.24%~~1.35%, of loans outstanding at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~$3.1~~$4.0 million, or ~~1.24%~~1.31%, of loans outstanding at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

To the best of our knowledge, we have recorded ~~all~~our best estimate of expected losses in the loan ~~losses that are both probable~~portfolio and ~~reasonable to estimate~~for unfunded commitments at September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. However, future changes in the factors described above, including, but not limited to, actual loss experience with respect to our loan portfolio, could result in material increases in our provision for ~~loan~~credit losses. In addition, the PADOB and the FDIC, as an integral part of their examination process, will periodically review our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses, and as a result of such reviews, we may have to adjust our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. However, regulatory agencies are not directly involved in establishing the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses as the process is our responsibility and any increase or decrease in the allowance is the responsibility of management.

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Noninterest income. Noninterest income information is as follows.


	Nine Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		Amount		Percent		2023		2022		Amount		Percent

	(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	136	$	129	$	7	5.4	%	$	130	$	136	$	(6)	(4.4)	%
Loss on equity investments		(100)		(6)		(94)	1,566.7
Loss on equity securities										(24)		(100)		76	(76.0)
Bank owned life insurance income		131		130		1	0.8			141		131		10	7.6
Debit card income		149		165		(16)	(9.7)			165		149		16	10.7
Other service charges		55		68		(13)	(19.1)			87		55		32	58.2
Loss on disposal of equipment										(40)		—		(40)	(100.0)
Other income		39		51		(12)	(23.5)			123		39		84	215.4
Total noninterest income	$	410	$	537	$	(127)	(23.6)	%	$	582	$	410	$	172	42.0	%

Noninterest income ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$127,000,~~$172,000, or ~~23.6%~~42.0%, to $582,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $410,000 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $537,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The ~~decrease~~increase in noninterest income resulted primarily from an increase in other income of $84,000, a decrease in the loss on equity ~~investments.~~investments of $76,000 and an increase in other service charges of $32,000, partially offset by the increase in the loss on sale of premises and equipment of $40,000. Other income increased $84,000 due to $80,000 of loan related fee income earned for brokering interest rate swap agreements between the Bank’s customers and counterparties unrelated to the Bank. The loss on equity investments ~~increased $94,000~~decreased $76,000 as a result of ~~the~~less of a decrease in fair value of the equity investments. Other service charges increased $32,000 due to $31,000 of late fee recoveries on two non-accrual loans that paid off in the second quarter of 2023.The $40,000 loss on disposal of equipment was a result of replacing the non-depository ATMs with full functioning ATMs as part of our continued investment in our infrastructure and technology. The new ATMs improve the client experience by providing twenty-four hours seven days a week access to banking services.

Noninterest Expenses. Noninterest expenses information is as follows.

											��
	Nine Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		Amount		Percent		2023		2022		Amount		Percent

	(Dollars in thousands)								(Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	3,256	$	2,865	$	391	13.6	%	$	3,970	$	3,256	$	714	21.9	%
Occupancy and equipment		491		441		50	11.3			521		491		30	6.1
Data and item processing		747		728		19	2.6			798		747		51	6.8
Advertising and marketing		84		65		19	29.2			158		84		74	88.1
Professional fees		503		305		198	64.9			515		503		12	2.4
Directors’ fees		182		182		—	—			322		182		140	76.9
FDIC insurance premiums		76		163		(87)	(53.4)			138		76		62	81.6
Pennsylvania shares tax		247		—		247	100.0			221		247		(26)	(10.5)
Debit card expenses		105		106		(1)	(0.9)			118		105		13	12.4
Other		522		507		15	3.0			629		522		107	20.5
Total noninterest expenses	$	6,213	$	5,362	$	851	15.9	%	$	7,390	$	6,213	$	1,177	18.9	%

Noninterest expenses increased ~~$851,000,~~$1.2 million, or ~~15.9%~~18.9%, to $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The increase in noninterest expenses was primarily the result of increases in salaries and employee benefits expense of ~~$391,000, Pennsylvania shares tax of $247,000 and professional~~$714,000, Directors’ fees of ~~$198,000, partially offset by a decrease in FDIC insurance premiums~~$140,000 and other expenses of ~~$87,000.~~$107,000. Salaries and employee benefits expense increased ~~$391,000~~$714,000 primarily due to ~~ESOP~~stock-based compensation expense ~~beginning in~~of $308,000 for the ~~third quarter~~first nine months of ~~2021,~~2023, the hiring of additional staff and annual salary increases. ~~Pennsylvania shares tax~~Directors’ fees increased ~~$247,000~~$140,000 primarily due to stock-based compensation expense of $98,000 for the first nine months of 2023, adding an additional Director in November 2022 and fee increases to all non-employee Directors. Other expense increased $107,000 due to the increases in Bank ~~being subject to the tax as part~~ordered loan appraisal fees, education and training expenses, and stationery & supplies.

Table of the mutual to stock conversion. Professional fees increased $198,000 primarily due to ongoing compliance expense due to becoming an SEC registrant in the third quarter of 2021. FDIC insurance premiums decreased $87,000 due to the decrease in the FDIC quarterly multiplier when comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to the nine months ended September 30, 2021.Contents

Income tax expense. Income tax expense increased ~~$120,000,~~$186,000, to $420,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $234,000 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $114,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. The effective tax rates were ~~18.9%~~21.8% and ~~17.4%~~18.9% for the nine month periods ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The increase in income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 was primarily due to an increase in income before income ~~taxes.~~

~~Table~~taxes and relatively consistent levels of ~~Contents~~income not subject to taxes.

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,

2022

2021


Average





Average




Outstanding

Average

Outstanding

Average

Balance

Interest

Yield/Rate (5)

Balance

Interest

Yield/Rate (5)

(Dollars in thousands)

Interest-earning assets:













Loans

$
282,373

$
9,015

4.26
%
$
211,415

$
7,081

4.47
%

Debt and equity securities available for sale

34,093

278

1.09
%

28,682

220

1.02
%

Restricted stocks

1,753

53

4.00
%

909

35

5.07
%

Cash and cash equivalents

42,415

272

0.84
%

47,126

29

0.08
%

Total interest-earning assets

360,634

9,618

3.56
%

288,132

7,365

3.42
%

Noninterest-earning assets

9,281



8,791





Total assets

$
369,915



$
296,923





Interest-bearing liabilities:













Interest-bearing demand deposits

$
79,069

168

0.28
%
$
71,375

159

0.30
%

Savings deposits

22,506

59

0.35
%

20,275

51

0.34
%

Money market deposits

69,840

277

0.53
%

47,583

171

0.48
%

Certificates of deposit

90,248

870

1.29
%

82,505

967

1.57
%

Total interest-bearing deposits

261,663

1,374

0.64
%

221,738

1,348

0.84
%

Long-term borrowings

36,082

562

2.05
%

17,135

317

2.44
%

Total interest-bearing liabilities

297,745

1,936

0.87
%

238,873

1,665

0.93
%

Noninterest-bearing demand deposits (1)

25,140



32,663



Other noninterest-bearing liabilities

1,445



556





Total liabilities

324,330



272,092





Stockholders' equity

45,585



24,831





Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

$
369,915



$
296,923





Net interest income

$
7,682





$
5,700



Net interest rate spread (2)

2.69
%





2.49
%

Net interest-earning assets (3)

$
62,889



$
49,259





Net interest margin (4)

2.85
%





2.65
%

Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities

121.12
%



120.62
%


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023							2022
	Average							Average
	Outstanding					Average		Outstanding					Average
	Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (4)		Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (4)

	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	315,647		$	12,533	5.30	%	$	282,373		$	9,015	4.26	%
Debt and equity securities		36,637			610	2.22	%		34,093			278	1.09	%
Restricted stocks		2,353			128	7.27	%		1,753			53	4.00	%
Cash and cash equivalents		37,617			1,284	4.55	%		42,415			272	0.84	%
Total interest-earning assets		392,254			14,555	4.97	%		360,634			9,618	3.56	%
Noninterest-earning assets		9,893							9,281
Total assets	$	402,147						$	369,915

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	77,795			836	1.44	%	$	79,069			168	0.28	%
Savings deposits		18,278			64	0.47	%		22,506			59	0.35	%
Money market deposits		48,083			649	1.80	%		69,840			277	0.53	%
Certificates of deposit		117,377			2,412	2.75	%		90,248			870	1.29	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		261,533			3,961	2.02	%		261,663			1,374	0.64	%
Borrowings		49,806			1,286	3.41	%		36,082			562	2.05	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		311,339			5,247	2.25	%		297,745			1,936	0.87	%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits		40,702							25,140
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		3,475							1,445
Total liabilities		355,516							324,330
Stockholders' equity		46,631							45,585
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	402,147						$	369,915
Net interest income				$	9,308						$	7,682
Net interest rate spread (1)						2.72	%						2.69	%
Net interest-earning assets (2)	$	80,915						$	62,889
Net interest margin (3)						3.18	%						2.85	%
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities		125.99	%						121.12	%

(1)	~~Includes stock subscriptions restricted deposits in 2021, whereas interest was calculated by the Bank at five basis points and paid by the stock transfer agent.~~

~~(2)~~

Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average rate of interest-bearing liabilities.

~~(3)~~(2)

Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

~~(4)~~(3)

Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

~~(5)~~(4)

Annualized.

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Table of Contents

Rate/Volume Analysis

Nine Months Ended

September 30, 2022 vs. 2021

September 30, 2023 vs. 2022

Increase (Decrease) Due to

Total

Increase (Decrease) Due to

Total

Increase

Volume

Rate

(Decrease)

Volume

Rate

(Decrease)

(In thousands)

Interest-earning assets:

Loans

2,372

(438)

1,934

1,060

2,458

3,518

Debt and equity securities available for sale

Debt and equity securities

311

332

Restricted stocks

(14)

Cash and cash equivalents

(3)

246

243

(30)

1,042

1,012

Total interest-earning assets

2,442

(189)

2,253

1,069

3,868

4,937

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Interest-bearing demand deposits

(8)

(3)

671

668

Savings deposits

(11)

Money market deposits

106

(86)

458

372

Certificates of deposit

(188)

(97)

262

1,280

1,542

Total deposits

194

(168)

162

2,425

2,587

Borrowings

346

(101)

245

210

514

724

Total interest-bearing liabilities

540

(269)

271

372

2,939

3,311

Change in net interest income

1,902

1,982

697

929

1,626

Non-Performing Assets and Allowance for ~~Loan~~Credit Losses

Non-performing loans. Loans are reviewed on a weekly basis by management and again by our credit committee on a monthly basis. Management determines that a loan is impaired or non-performing when it is probable at least a portion of the loan will not be collected in accordance with the original terms due to a deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or the value of the underlying collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. When a loan is determined to be impaired, the measurement of the loan in the allowance for loan losses is based on present value of expected future cash flows, except that all collateral-dependent loans are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the collateral. Non-accrual loans are loans for which collectability is questionable and, therefore, interest on such loans will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. All loans that become 90 days or more delinquent are placed on non-accrual status unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received on a cash basis or cost recovery method.

A loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring if, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, we grant a concession to the borrower that we would not otherwise consider. This usually includes a modification of loan terms, such as a reduction of the interest rate to below market terms, capitalizing past due interest or extending the maturity date and possibly a partial forgiveness of the principal amount due. Interest income on restructured loans is accrued after the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay under the restructured terms through a sustained period of repayment performance, which is generally six consecutive months.

The CARES Act, in addition to providing financial assistance to both businesses and consumers, created a forbearance program for federally-backed mortgage loans, protected borrowers from negative credit reporting due to loan accommodations related to the national emergency, and provided financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend

~~Table of Contents~~

certain requirements under U.S. GAAP related to troubled debt restructurings for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. The Federal banking regulatory agencies have likewise issued guidance encouraging financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are, or may be, unable to meet their contractual payment obligations because of the effects of COVID-19. That guidance, with concurrence of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and provisions of the CARES Act allow modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were generally current with their payments prior to any relief, to not be treated as troubled debt restructurings. Modifications may include payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment term, or other delays in payment. We have worked with our customers affected by COVID-19 and accommodated a significant amount of loan modifications across our loan portfolios. To the extent that additional modifications meet the criteria previously described, such modifications are not expected to be classified as troubled debt restructurings. As of September 30, 2022, we are no longer tracking COVID-19 deferrals as all of these loans have returned to normal payment status.

Real estate owned. When we acquire real estate as a result of foreclosure, the real estate is classified as real estate owned. The real estate owned is recorded at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Soon after acquisition, we order a new appraisal to determine the current market value of the property. Any excess of the recorded value of the loan satisfied over the market value of the property is charged against the allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. After acquisition, all costs incurred in maintaining the property are expensed. Costs relating to the development and improvement of the property, however, are capitalized to the extent of estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. We had no real estate owned at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 or as of December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Table of Contents

Non-Performing Assets. The following table sets forth information regarding our non-performing assets. ~~Non-accrual loans include non-accruing troubled debt restructurings of $322,000 and $379,000 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.~~


		September 30,			December 31,			September 30,			December 31,
	2022			2021			2023			2022

	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans:
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	434		$	659		$	175		$	330
Commercial		426			453			419			416
Construction		483			541			—			147
Commercial and industrial		—			—			220			156
Consumer		—			—
Consumer and other								—			—
Total non-accrual loans		1,343			1,653			814			1,049

Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential		—			—			—			—
Commercial		—			—			—			—
Construction		—			—			—			—
Commercial and industrial		—			—			—			—
Consumer		—			—
Consumer and other								—			—
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more		—			—			—			—
Total non-performing loans	$	1,343		$	1,653		$	814		$	1,049
Foreclosed assets		—			—			—			—
Total non-performing assets	$	1,343		$	1,653		$	814		$	1,049

Non-accruing troubled debt restructurings:
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential		—			—
Commercial		172			190
Construction		150			189
Commercial and industrial		—			—
Consumer		—			—
Total	$	322		$	379

Total accruing troubled debt restructured loans	$	551		$	570
Total non-performing loans to total loans		0.44	%		0.65	%		0.25	%		0.34	%
Total non-accrual loans to total loans		0.44	%		0.65	%		0.25	%		0.34	%
Total non-performing assets to total assets		0.36	%		0.52	%		0.20	%		0.27	%

Non-performing loans were ~~$1.3 million,~~$814,000, or ~~0.44%~~0.25% of total loans, at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~$1.7~~$1.0 million, or ~~0.65%~~0.34% of total loans, at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. During the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, payoff of two non-accrual loan relationships, payments on non-accrual loans, ~~and~~ the return of a loan from non-accrual ~~loan~~ to accruing status ~~attributed~~and partial charge-off of a loan, partially offset by one relationship being added to non-accrual status resulted in the decrease in non-accrual loans.

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Allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses. The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for ~~loan~~credit losses for the periods indicated.


	At or For the Three Months Ended September 30,						At or For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						At or For the Three Months Ended September 30,						At or For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2023			2022			2023			2022

	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of year	$	3,439		$	2,993		$	3,145		$	2,854
Provision for loan losses		346			83			639			221
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of year													$	4,314		$	3,439		$	3,992		$	3,145
Provision for credit losses														153			346			602			639
Charge-offs:
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Commercial		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Construction		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Commercial and industrial		—			—			—			—			—			—			(144)			—
Consumer		—			—			—			—
Consumer and other														—			—			—			—
Total charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			—			(144)			—

Recoveries:
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential		—			—			—			—			—			—			15			—
Commercial		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Construction		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Commercial and industrial		2			1			3			2			1			2			3			3
Consumer		—			—			—			—
Consumer and other														—			—			—			—
Total recoveries		2			1			3			2			1			2			18			3

Net (charge-offs) recoveries		2			1			3			2			1			2			(126)			3

Allowance at end of period	$	3,787		$	3,077		$	3,787		$	3,077
Allowance for credit losses at end of period													$	4,468		$	3,787		$	4,468		$	3,787

Allowance to non-accrual loans		281.98	%		181.53	%		281.98	%		181.53	%		548.89	%		281.98	%		548.89	%		281.98	%
Allowance to total loans outstanding at the end of the period		1.24	%		1.34	%		1.28	%		1.34	%		1.35	%		1.24	%		1.35	%		1.24	%
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans outstanding during the period		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the period (annualized)														—	%		—	%		0.05	%		—	%

The provision for ~~loan~~credit losses ~~increased $263,000,~~on loans decreased $193,000, or ~~316.9%~~55.8%, to $153,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $346,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $83,000~~2022. The provision for credit losses on loans decreased $37,000, or 5.8%, to $602,000 for the ~~three~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2021. The provision for loan losses increased $418,000, or 189.1%, to~~2023 from $639,000 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 from $221,000~~2022. The decreases for both periods ended September 30, 2023 were due to moderated loan growth during the current periods. An additional partial charge-off of a previously written down commercial and industrial loan for $144,000 was taken in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This was partially offset by recoveries of $18,000 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2023. Delinquencies remain benign, reserve levels are deemed to be adequate and the allowance coverage ratio has increased at September 30, 2023. The ~~increase for both periods ended~~allowance to total loans outstanding at the end of the period was 1.35% at September 30, 2023, improving from 1.24% at September 30, 2022 ~~was due to loan growth. We have seen a decrease in historical loss factors driven by no charge-offs in 2021~~ and ~~no charge-offs to date in 2022.~~remaining consistent with December 31, 2022 at 1.31%.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity management. Liquidity describes our ability to meet the financial obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, and proceeds from sales, maturities and calls of securities. We also have the ability to borrow from

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the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had the ability to borrow approximately ~~$145.9~~$168.8 million from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh, of which ~~$40.4~~$51.9 million had been advanced in addition to ~~$8.3~~$14.2 million held in reserve to secure ~~two~~three letters of credit to collateralize municipal deposits. Additionally, at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had the ability to borrow ~~$3.0~~$7.5 million from the Atlantic Community Bankers Bank, $5.0 million from SouthState Bank, N.A. and we also maintained a line of credit of $2.0 million with the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia at September 30, ~~2022.~~2023. We did not borrow ~~overnight~~ against the credit line with the Atlantic Community Bankers Bank, ~~but did not borrow on~~SouthState Bank, N.A., or the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 or 2021.~~2023.

The board of directors is responsible for establishing and monitoring our liquidity targets and strategies in order to ensure that sufficient liquidity exists for meeting the borrowing needs and deposit withdrawals of our customers as well as unanticipated contingencies. We seek to maintain a liquidity ratio of 5.0% or greater. For the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, our liquidity ratio averaged ~~10.8%~~13.1% and ~~20.9%~~10.8%, respectively. We believe that we had enough sources of liquidity to satisfy our short and long-term liquidity needs as of September 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

We monitor and adjust our investments in liquid assets based upon our assessment of: (1) expected loan demand; (2) expected deposit flows; (3) yields available on cash and cash equivalents and securities; and (4) the objectives of our asset/liability management program. Excess liquid assets are invested generally in cash and cash equivalents and short-and intermediate-term securities.

While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents, which include federal funds sold. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any given period. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, cash and cash equivalents totaled ~~$22.7~~$25.2 million. Debt securities classified as available-for-sale, which provide additional sources of liquidity, totaled ~~$37.2~~$40.7 million at September 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

We are committed to maintaining a strong liquidity position. We monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds to meet our current funding commitments. Certificates of deposit due within one year of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, totaled ~~$41.2~~$71.5 million, or ~~42.6%~~61.4% of our certificates of deposit, and ~~14.2%~~23.3% of total deposits. If these deposits do not remain with us, we will be required to seek other sources of funds, including other deposits and Federal Home Loan Bank advances. Depending on market conditions, we may be required to pay higher rates on such deposits or borrowings than we currently pay. We believe, however, based on past experience that a significant portion of such deposits will remain with us. We have the ability to attract and retain deposits by adjusting the interest rates offered.

Capital management. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, Presence Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements and was considered “well capitalized” under regulatory ~~guidelines due to its compliance with the Community Bank Leverage ratio.~~guidelines. See Note 910 of the Notes to the Financial ~~Statements.~~Statements for more information regarding our capital resources.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations

Commitments. As a financial services provider, we routinely are a party to various financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risks, such as commitments to extend credit and unused lines of credit. While these contractual obligations represent our future cash requirements, a significant portion of commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Such commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process accorded to loans we make. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had outstanding commitments to originate loans of ~~$36.5~~$33.0 million, unused lines of credit totaling ~~$11.6~~$12.8 million and ~~$3.5~~$2.8 million in stand-by letters of credit outstanding. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds available to meet our current lending commitments. Certificates of deposit that are scheduled to mature in less than one year from September

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30, ~~2022~~2023 totaled ~~$41.2~~$71.5 million. Management expects that a substantial portion of the maturing certificates of deposit will be renewed. However, if a substantial portion of these deposits is not retained, we may utilize Federal Home Loan Bank advances or raise interest rates on deposits to attract new deposits, which may result in higher levels of interest expense.

Contractual obligations. In the ordinary course of our operations, we enter into certain contractual obligations. Such obligations include data processing services, operating leases for equipment, agreements with respect to borrowed funds and deposit liabilities.

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Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected in increased operating costs. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than does inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services. Higher inflation and its impacts, nationally or in the markets that the Company ~~servers~~serves could adversely affect, among other things, real estate valuations, unemployment levels, the ability of businesses to remain viable, and consumer and business confidence, which could lead to decreases in demand for loans and deposits and increases in loan delinquencies and defaults.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

A smaller reporting company is not required to provide the information related to this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based on their evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”)) are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations are operating in an effective manner.

Internal control over financial reporting.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

As of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company is not currently a named party in a legal proceeding, the outcome of which would have a material effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

A smaller reporting company is not required to provide the information related to this item.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, ~~and~~ Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no sales of unregistered securities during the quarter ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

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The following table reports information regarding repurchases by the Company of its common stock in each month of the quarter ended September 30, ~~2022:~~2023:


						Total Number									Total Number
						of Shares		Maximum							of Shares		Maximum
						Purchased as		Number of							Purchased as		Number of
						Part of		Shares that							Part of		Shares that
						Publicly		May Yet Be							Publicly		May Yet Be
		Total Number		Average Price		Announced		Purchased			Total Number		Average Price		Announced		Purchased
		of Shares		Paid Per		Plans or		Under Plans or			of Shares		Paid Per		Plans or		Under Plans or
Period	Period	Purchased		Share		Programs		Programs (1)			Purchased		Share		Programs		Programs (1)
	July 1 through July 31, 2022		—	$	—		—		—	July 1 through July 31, 2023		10,919	$	13.83		133,162		144,563
	August 1 through August 31, 2022		37,789		13.18		37,789		239,936	August 1 through August 31, 2023		—		—		133,162		144,563
	September 1 through September 30, 2022		—		—		—		—	September 1 through September 30, 2023		7,236		12.97		140,398		137,327
	Total		37,789	$	13.18		37,789		239,936	Total		18,155	$	13.49		140,398		137,327

(1)

On August 5, 2022, the Company announced it adopted a stock repurchase program. The stock repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase up to an aggregate of 277,725 shares, or approximately 10% of its then outstanding shares. The repurchase program permits shares to be repurchased in open market or private transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The repurchase program ~~will expire on August 1, 2023, unless~~was extended by the Board of ~~Directors.~~Directors on August 28, 2023.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

See Exhibit Index.

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EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.		Description

31.1†		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2†		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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32.1†		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2†		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS†		XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH†		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL†		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF†		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB†		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE†		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104†		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

† Filed herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized.

Date: November ~~10, 2022~~14, 2023


	PB BANKSHARES, INC.

	By:	/s/ Janak M. Amin
	Name:	Janak M. Amin
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

	By:	/s/ Lindsay S. Bixler
	Name:	Lindsay S. Bixler
	Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)


	Loans Receivable
			Ending		Ending
			Balance:		Balance:
			Individually		Collectively
			Evaluated		Evaluated
	Ending		for		for
	Balance		Impairment		Impairment
Real estate:
One- to four-family residential	$	111,535	$	241	$	111,294
Commercial		150,452		3,956		146,496
Construction		24,936		568		24,368
Commercial and industrial		12,144		263		11,881
Consumer		7,031		—		7,031

	$	306,098	$	5,028	$	301,070


	As of
	September 30,
Lease payments due (in thousands)	2022

Three months ending December 31, 2022	$	16
Twelve months ending December 31, 2023		66
Twelve months ending December 31, 2024		64
Twelve months ending December 31, 2025		56
Twelve months ending December 31, 2026		4
Total undiscounted cash flows	$	206
Discount		5
Lease Liability		201


					To be Well Capitalized under
					Prompt Corrective Action
December 31, 2021	Actual					Provisions
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		35,679	11.65	%		$	26,769	8.50	%


September 30, 2022
Asset Description	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans	$	374	Appraisal of collateral	Selling expenses and discounts ⁽¹⁾	60.4% - 60.4% (60.4%)