UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 20172020

or

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission file number: 001-33635

TAXUS CARDIUM PHARMACEUTICALS GROUP

GENE BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☐[  ] No ☒[X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☐[  ] No ☒[X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐[  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.):Act). Yes ☐[  ] No ☒[X]

As of JulyAugust 28, 2017, the registrant had 14,373,5442021, 64,931,888 shares of our common stock were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report and cautionCaution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain events, risks, and uncertainties that may be outside of our control that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks described under Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report, as well as in other reports and documents we file with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report. We do not undertake to update or revise any forward-looking statements in the report, except as required by law.

This report also contains, or may contain, estimates, projections and other information concerning our industry, our business, and the markets for our products, including data regarding the estimated size of those markets and their projected growth rates. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information. Unless otherwise expressly stated, we obtained these industry, business, market and other data from reports, research surveys, studies and similar data prepared by third parties, industry and general publications, government data and similar sources. In some cases, we do not expressly refer to the sources from which these data are derived.

Additional Information

Additional information about the Company is available from our website, www.genebiotherapeutics.com, including the investor relations section. In addition, specific information about our planned FDA-cleared, Generx [Ad5FGF-4] AFFIRM Phase 3 clinical study is available from our website www.myrefractoryangina.com. We encourage investors to visit these websites as information is frequently undated and information is shared.

TAXUS CARDIUM PHARMACEUTICALS GROUP,

GENE BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

GENE BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

TAXUS CARDIUM PHARMACEUTICALS GROUP

GENE BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of OperationsCash Flows

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

TAXUS CARDIUM PHARMACEUTICALS GROUP,

GENE BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsOf Stockholders (Deficit)/Equity

(unaudited)March 31, 2020

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

TAXUS CARDIUM PHARMACEUTICALS GROUP,GENE BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1—1. Organization and Liquidity

Organization

Taxus Cardium

Organization

Gene Biotherapeutics Inc. (the “Company”) was initially incorporated in Delaware in December 2003. We are an operatingThe Company is a late-stage biotechnology company that manages a medical technologies portfolio of equity-based and potential royalty-driven investments as follows: (1) Angionetics, currently a majority-owned subsidiary focused on the late-stage clinical development and commercialization of Generx™,angiogenic gene therapy biotherapeutics for strategic niche markets, primarily for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The technology platform is designed to biologically activate the human body’s innate angiogenic healing process to stimulate the growth of microvascular networks for patients with ischemic cardiovascular, cerebral, and other medical conditions and diseases, as well as for advanced tissue engineering applications.

The Company’s current business is focused exclusively on the development of Generx, an angiogenic gene therapy product candidate, designedinitially targeted for medical revascularization for the potential treatment of patients with myocardial ischemia and refractory angina due to advanced coronary artery disease; (2) Activation Therapeutics, a whollydisease and other forms of ischemic heart disease including congestive heart failure, through our 85% owned subsidiary focused onAngionetics Inc. The Company does not currently have any other products or other product candidates and has not generated any revenues from operations for the developmentthree-month period ended March 31, 2020.

In May 2020, after the period covered by this report, we entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with Nostrum Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Nostrum”), selling Nostrum 1,700,000 shares of our newly authorized Series B Convertible Preferred Stock in exchange for $1.7 million. In addition, to further support the operations of the Company for the period May 2021 through July 2021, subsequent to this reporting period, Nostrum invested an additional $292,000, into the Company. Nostrum is the parent company of Nostrum Laboratories, Inc., a privately held pharmaceutical company engaged in the formulation, commercialization, marketing and sale of specialty pharmaceutical products and controlled release, orally administered, branded and generic drug products. We have used the proceeds from the sale of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock to fund working capital requirements in preparation for conducting the U.S. FDA-approved Phase 3 clinical trial for our Generx product candidate. We believe that Nostrum’s assets and experience in the formulation and commercialization of pharmaceutical products will facilitate the Excellagen® technology platform, an FDA-cleared flowable dermal matrixadministration and completion of the Phase 3 clinical trial for advanced wound care that we believe has broad potential applications asGenerx on a delivery platformcost-effective basis. Refer to the Subsequent Section for small molecule drugs, proteins and biologics; (3) LifeAgain a wholly-owned subsidiary that has developed an advanced medical data analytics (ADAPT®) technology platform focused on developing new and innovative products for the life insurance and healthcare sectors; and (4) a minority investment in Healthy Brands Collective, a functional food and nutraceutical company which acquired the Company’s To Go Brands® business.further discussion.

Our business is focused on the acquisition and strategic development of product opportunities or businesses having the potential to address significant unmet medical needs, and having definable pathways to commercialization. Our business model is designed to create a portfolio of opportunities for success, avoiding reliance on any single technology platform or product type. We focus on late-stage product development bridging the critical gap between promising new technologies and product opportunities that are ready for commercialization. As our product opportunities and businesses are advanced and corresponding valuations established, we intend to consider various corporate development transactions designed to place our product candidates into larger organizations or with partners having existing commercialization, sales and marketing resources, and a need for innovative products. Such transactions could involve the sale, partnering or other monetization of particular product opportunities or businesses. 

Liquidity and Going Concern

As of March 31, 2017, we2020, the Company had approximately $0.2 million$2,926 in cash and cash equivalents. OurThe Company’s working capital deficit atas of March 31, 20172020 was approximately $4.1 million.  We have$4,787,597 and the Company has incurred recurring losses and as of March 31, 2017, we havehas an accumulated deficit of $118.0 million.$119,062,053. During the quartersthree-month period ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, we2020, the Company used $749,689 and $252,899approximately $93,857 of cash in our operating activities. The Company also began restructuring efforts with its vendors in 2019, resulting in the forgiveness of approximately $1.66 million in vendor payables and additional forgiveness of approximately $68,000 in the quarter ending June 30, 2020.

We anticipate

On April 10, 2020, after the period covered by this report, we transferred our residual rights in Excellagen to Shanxi Taxus Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. in exchange for the release of any rights or claims in ownership interest in Gene Biotherapeutics. As a result, we no longer have an interest in Excellagen, other than the right to receive royalty payments from Olaregen totaling up to $3,350,000, based on monthly net sales of Excellagen worldwide, excluding Greater China, the Russian Federation, and countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States. In connection with this transaction, Shanxi agreed to apply previously funded $600,000 subscription payment in exchange for the rights to Excellagen in the Greater China, the Russian Federation and countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States, and Shanxi released any future rights or claims against us.

On April 10, 2020, after the period covered by this report, our Angionetics, Inc. subsidiary entered into a Distribution and License Agreement with Shanxi (as amended, the “Shanxi License Agreement”), granting Shanxi certain license rights with respect to our Generx product candidate. The distribution and license rights commence only after we obtain U.S. FDA approval for marketing and sale of Generx in the United States. The license rights include (a) a non-exclusive right to manufacture Generx products in China, and (b) an exclusive right to market and sell Generx products in Singapore, Macau, Hong Kong, Taiwan, any other municipality other than mainland China where Chinese (Mandarin or Cantonese) is the common language, the Russian Federation, and the Commonwealth of Independent States (i.e., Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan). The Shanxi License Agreement provides for a royalty ranging from 5% up to 10% based on the level of annual net sales of the Generx product sold by Shanxi in the licensed territory. Refer to the Subsequent Events section for a further discussion on this matter.

The Company anticipates that negative cash flows from operations will continue for the foreseeable future. We have yet to generate positive cash flows from operations and we are essentially dependent on equityexternal funding sources to support the Company’s research, development and debt funding to finance our operations.  We currently do not have any unused credit facilities. As long as any shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, we have agreed that we will not, without the consent of the holders of two-thirds of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, incur indebtedness other than specified “Permitted Indebtedness”, incur any liens other than specified “Permitted Liens”.

Ourcommercialization activities. The Company’s history of recurring losses and uncertainties as to whether our operations will become profitable raises substantial doubt about ourits ability to continue as a going concern. Our consolidatedconcern for the next twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statementsstatements. We do not have any unused credit facilities. We intend to pursue sources of working capital from non-dilutive funding channels to support the Company’s operations that could include, any adjustments relatedbut not be limited to, (1) up to $3.350 million from potential royalties from commercial sales of Excellagen® from certain geographic regions, including the recoverabilityUnited States; (2) Federal government sponsored research grants; (3) agreements and arrangements covering distributor and strategic partnerships and drug royalty agreements based on the commercial sale of assetsGenerx following the successful completion of the planned FDA-cleared, Phase 3 AFFIRM clinical study and FDA registration in the U.S., and additional registrations to market and sell Generx in other countries internationally. At the appropriate time, with favorable market conditions, and an appropriate enterprise value reflective of the Company’s clinical status and the Generx [Ad5FGF-4] economic potential, we could also consider the sale of equity and debt securities in a privately negotiated structured transactions or classifications of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.public capital market offerings.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplates our continuation as a going concern and the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business for at least one year from the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. Ourbusiness. The Company’s ability to continue our operations is dependent on the execution of management’s plans, which include the  raising of additional capital through the equity and/or debt markets, until such time that funds provided by operations are sufficient to fund working capital requirements. Without additional capital the Company will not have sufficient resources for research, product development and sales and marketing efforts to bring Generx to commercialization. The consolidated financial statements contained in this report do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability of assets or classifications of liabilities that might be necessary should wethe Company be unable to continue as a going concern. If we were not

Impact of Coronavirus Outbreak

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced a global health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China (the “COVID-19 outbreak”) and the risks to continuethe international community as the virus spreads globally beyond its point of origin. In March 2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a going concern, we would likelypandemic, based on the rapid increase in exposure globally.

The Company did not beexperience substantial effects from the COVID- 19 outbreak on its operations for the period ended March 31, 2020. The full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve as of the date of this report. As such, it is uncertain as to the full magnitude that the pandemic will have on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations. Management is actively monitoring the impact of the global situation on its financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce. Given the daily evolution of the COVID-19 outbreak and the global responses to curb its spread, the Company is not able to realize our assets at values comparable toestimate the carrying value or the fair value estimates reflected in the balances set out in the consolidated financial statements.

We intend to secure additional working capital through sales of equity and debt securities to finance our operations, or the sale of certain equity interests in our businesses, technology platforms, products or product candidates and licensing agreements covering the marketing and sale of Excellagen and Generx in certain geographic markets and regions.

On June 7, 2016, Taxus Cardium and Angionetics entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with an entity affiliated with Huapont Life Sciences Co. Ltd, a China-based pharmaceutical and active pharmaceutical ingredient company (“Huapont”). Pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement, Angionetics agreed to sell 600,000, shares of its newly authorized Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Shares”) to the Huapont affiliate in exchange for $3,000,000 in cash. The agreement called for the investment from the Huapont affiliate to be made in two tranches—the closingeffects of the initial trancheCOVID-19 outbreak on its results of 200,000 Shares for $1,000,000 shortly following the

execution of the agreement and the closing of the second tranche of 400,000 Shares for $2,000,000 was conditioned upon Angionetics securing FDA clearance to initiate a new U.S.-based Phase 3 clinical study (the AFFIRM study) to evaluate the safety and definitive efficacy of the GenerxTM [Ad5FGF-4] product candidate for the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease and refractory angina. The closings took place, and the Shares were issued,operations, financial condition, or liquidity on July 5, 2016 and September 28, 2016, respectively.  its future operations.

On April 4, 2015 we entered into a term sheet with Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus, whereby we proposed to sell Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus 600,000 shares of common stock in our Angionetics subsidiary in exchange for $3.0 million in cash. The $3.0 million was to be paid in tranches that were to be completed by May 31, 2015. Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus paid $600,000 of the financing, which was recorded as common stock issuable. Since Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus did not complete this transaction, instead Huapont agreed to fund the investment. Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus is eligible to apply this amount toward the purchase of common stock of the Company or its subsuduaries based on terms and conditions approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. This contribution is committed and not refundable to Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus.

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The condensedaccompanying consolidated financial statements contained in this report have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial statements and with Form 10-Qthe rules and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not contain all information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of our management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all the adjustments necessary (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) to present the financial positionregulations of the Company asSecurities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Fair Value of March 31, 2017 and the resultsFinancial Instruments

The carrying amounts of operationscash and cash flows forequivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the period presented. The resultsshort-term maturities of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicativethese instruments.

Use of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future period.Estimates and assumptions and critical accounting estimates and assumptions.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Our accounting policies are described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, and updated, as necessary, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

The most significant

Actual results could differ from these estimates. Management’s estimates impactingand assumptions are reviewed regularly, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements contained in this report include valuing options and warrants using option pricing models.  These significant accounting estimates or assumptions bear the risk of change dueperiods they are determined to the fact that there are uncertainties attached to these estimates or assumptions, and certain estimates or assumptions are difficult to measure or valuebe necessary.

Investments

We adjust the carrying amount of our investments for any impairments that might occur due to other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) declines. We consider the need for impairment if and when indicators of other than temporary declines in value are present. Management evaluates investments for OTTI declines on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, advances from related party, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short term maturities of these instruments.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Taxus Cardium Pharmaceuticals Group,Gene Biotherapeutics Inc., and its consolidated subsidiaries, Angionetics Inc., Activation Therapeutics, Inc. and LifeAgain Insurance Solutions, Inc. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Controlling and Non-Controlling Interest

As a result of the issuance of 200,000 shares of Angionetics Series A Convertible Preferred Stock on July 5, 2016, the investor acquired a non-controlling interest of 5.6% of the voting interests of Angionetics for the purchase price of $1,000,000 (See Note 5 – Stockholders’ Equity – Preferred Stock – Angionetics Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.)

As a result of the issuance of 400,000 shares of Angionetics Series A Convertible Preferred Stock on September 28, 2016, the same investor acquired an additional non-controlling interest, which brought  them to 15.0% of the aggregate voting interests of Angionetics, for an additional purchase price of $2,000,000 (See Note 5 – Stockholders’ Equity – Preferred Stock – Angionetics Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.)

The profitsprofit and losses of Angionetics are allocated among the controlling interest and the non-controlling interest in the same proportions as their ownership interests.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. At times, our cash and cash equivalents may be uninsured or in deposit accounts that exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had no cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash balances due to the financial position of the depository institution in which those deposits are held.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment are stated at cost and include equipment, installation costs and materials less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of the assets range from 3 to 5 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the useful lives or the term of the respective lease.

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the useful life of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Gains or losses on disposal of property and equipment are reflected in general and administrative expenses in the statement of operations.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses its property and equipment for potential impairment when there is a change in circumstances that indicates carrying values of assets may not be recoverable. Such long-lived assts are deemed to be impaired when the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset (or asset group) are less than the asset’s carrying amount. Any required impairment loss would be measured as the amount by which the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value and would be recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating expense. The Company recognized no impairment losses during any of the periods presented in these financial statements.

Preferred Stock

We apply

The Company applies the accounting standards for distinguishing liabilities from equity when determining the classification and measurement of ourits preferred stock. Shares that are subject to mandatory redemption if any,(if any) are classified as liability instruments and are measured at fair value. We classifyThe Company classifies conditionally redeemable preferred shares, which includes preferred shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control, as temporary equity. At all other times, preferred shares are classified as stockholders’ equity.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s products have not reached commercialization, accordingly revenue from product sales have not been recognized. For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, the Company recognizes revenue based on an assessment of the probability of achievement. There is considerable judgement involved in determining whether it is probable that royalties will be collected. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company reevaluates the probability of achievement and if necessary, adjusts the estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. To date, the Company has not recognized revenue from product sales or for royalties.

Research and Development

In accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 730 “Research and Development”, research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Research and development expenses consistexpenditures, which are charged to operations in the period incurred, include costs associated with the design, development, testing and enhancement of purchased technology, purchased researchproducts, regulatory fees, the purchase of laboratory supplies, and development rightspre-clinical and outside servicesclinical studies as well as salaries and benefits for research and development activities associated with product development. In accordance with ASC Topic 730, the cost to purchase such technology and research and development rights are required to be charged to expense if there is currently no alternative future use for this technology and, therefore, no separate economic value.employees.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating losslosses and tax credit carryforwards.carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable incomeincome(loss) in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect onDue to the Company’s history of losses, a full valuation allowance was recognized against the deferred tax assets as of December 31,2020. The Company expects that it will continue to experience operating losses.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and liabilitiespenalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, the Company has not recorded any interest or penalties related to income tax matters. The Company does not foresee any material changes in unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.

When tax returns are filed, there may be uncertainty about the merits of positions taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a change in tax ratesposition is recognized in operationsthe financial statements in the period enacted. A valuation allowance is provided whenduring which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that a portionthe position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income and the reversal of deferred tax liabilities during the period in which related temporary differences become deductible. The benefit of taxlitigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or expected to be taken inaggregated with other positions.

Tax positions that meet the Company’s income tax returns are recognized in the consolidated financial statements if such positions are more likely than not to be sustainedrecognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon examination.

settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefit associated with tax positions taken that exceed the amount measured as described above should be reflected as a liability for uncertain tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheet along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. The Company believes our tax positions are all more likely than not to be upheld upon examination. As such, the Company has not recorded a liability for uncertain tax benefits.

Under the provision of ASC 740-10, the Company recognizes the impact of a tax position in its financial statements if the position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. For the year period ended March 31, 2020, the Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits, and based on the information currently available, no significant changes in unrecognized tax benefits are expected in the next twelve months

As of the tax year ending December 31,2019 the Company has net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $91.4 million and net operating loss carryforwards for state income tax purposes of approximately $52.5 million. The net operating losses begin to expire in 2023 for federal income purposes and in 2028 for state income tax purposes. The federal net operating loss carryover includes $258,000 of net operating losses generated in 2018 and later. Federal net operating losses generated from 2018 onwards carryover indefinitely and may generally be used to offset up to 80% of future taxable income. The Company also has R&D tax credits available for federal and state purposes of $1.8 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The federal R&D credits will begin to expire December 31, 2035.

The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those net operating losses are available. The Company considers projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making their assessment. At present, the Company does not have a sufficient history of income to conclude that it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be able to realize all of our tax benefits in the near future and therefore the Company has established a valuation allowance for the full value of the deferred tax asset.

In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Act) was enacted. The 2017 Tax Act includes a number of changes to existing U.S. tax laws that impact the Company, most notably a reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 34 percent to 21 percent for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. In 2017, the Company recorded provisional amounts for certain enactment-date effects of the act by applying the guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”). In 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded $0 net tax expense related to the enactment-date effects of the Act related to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company completed its accounting for all of the enactment-date income tax effects of the Act and no adjustments were made to the provisional amounts recorded on December 31, 2017.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they were expected to reverse in the future (which was generally 21%), by recording a provisional amount of $14.5 million, which was fully offset by valuation allowance. Upon further analysis of certain aspects of the Act and refinement of our calculations during the 12 months ended December 31, 2018, the Company determined that no adjustment was necessary to our provisional amount.

Pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) of 1986, as amended, specifically IRC Section 382 and 383, the Company’s ability to use net operating loss and R&D tax credit carryforwards (“tax attribute carries forwards”) to offset future taxable income is limited if we experience a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50% within a three-year testing period. The Company had an ownership change on May 22, 2020 as result of the Nostrum investment. Accordingly for periods subsequent to May 22, 2020, the annual utilization of the net operating losses that are carried forward are expected to be limited. Further, the Company’s deferred tax assets associated with such tax attributes are expected to be significantly reduced upon realization of the ownership change within the meaning of IRC 382. The Company incurred an operating loss for the period ended March 31, 2020 and expects to have operating losses and federal and state tax losses for the full year December 31, 2020.

Common Stock Purchase Warrants

We account

The Company accounts for the issuance of common stock purchase warrants issued in connection with capital financing transactions in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging”. Based upon the provisions of ASC Topic 815, we classifytransactions. The Company classifies as equity any contracts that (i) require physical settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) give the Companyus a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in itsour own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement). We classifyThe Company classifies as assets or liabilities any contracts that (i) require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net-cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside the control of the Company)our control), or (ii) gives the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement).

Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share

We compute earnings (loss) per share, in accordance with ASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share”, which requires dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share.  

Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing earnings (loss) attributable to the controlling interestnet income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted

earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing earnings (loss) attributable to the controlling interestnet income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the issuance of common shares, if dilutive, that could result from the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants. As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, potentially dilutive securities consist of preferred stock convertible into 4,604,674 and 3,468,804 shares of common stock, respectively and outstanding stock options and warrants to acquire 12,116,334 and 7,442,598 shares of common stock, respectively.

These potentially dilutive securities were not included in the calculation of loss attributable to the controlling interest per common share for the three month periodsthree-month period ended March 31, 2017 and 20162020, because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term of the award.

Total stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was allocated to research and development and general and administrative expenses as follows:

Note 3—Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:

Note 4—Advances From Related Party - Officer

Officers of the Company occasionally incur or advance expenses on behalf of the Company, which are subsequently reimbursed to the officers along with any associated costs. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $1,047,851 and $1,050,327, respectively, in net Company expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business have been paid by or with cash advanced by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.  During the three month period ended March 31, 2017, $2,476 was repaid. During the three month period ended March 31, 2017, $0 in net expenses2020, there were paid by or with cash advanced by our Chief Executive Officer.

Note 5—Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

On April 4, 2015, we entered into a term sheet with Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus Capital Management Co., Ltd. (“Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus”), a company affiliated with Shanxi Taxus Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., whereby we proposed to sell Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus 600,000 shares of common stock in our Angionetics subsidiary in exchange for $3.0 million in cash.  The $3.0 million was to be paid in tranches that were to be completed by May 31, 2015.  Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus paid $600,000 of the financing, which was recorded as common stock issuable. Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus did not complete this transaction.  This subscription is committed and not refundable to Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus.  Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus is eligible to apply this amount toward the purchase of common stock of the Company or its subsidiaries based on terms and conditions approved by the Company’s Board of Directors.  

Preferred Stock

Taxus Cardium Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

On April 4, 2013, we entered into apotentially dilutive securities purchase agreement with Sabby Healthcare Volatility Master Fund, Ltd. (“Sabby”), pursuant to which we sold 4,012 shares of our newly authorized Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Preferred

Stock”) for $4.0 million. The Preferred Stock was convertible into shares of our common stock at an initial conversion price of $0.6437 per share. The conversion price is subject to downward adjustment if we issue common stock or common stock equivalents at a price less than the then effective conversion price.  Sabby is limited to hold no more than 10% of Taxus Cardium’s issued and outstanding common stock at any time.  As long as the Preferred Stock is outstanding, we have also agreed not to incur specified indebtedness without the consent of the holders of the Preferred Stock. These factors may restrict our ability to raise capital through equity or debt offerings in the future.

On July 22, 2015, we entered into an Exchange and Redemption Agreement with Sabby relating to the 1,176 outstanding shares of Preferred Stock that remained outstanding at that time.  Under the terms of the Exchange and Redemption Agreement, we agreed to reduce the conversion price of the Preferred Stock to $0.30 per share from $0.64 per share in exchange for a limited redemption right (which has now expired) and an increase in the limitation on certain indebtedness.  

On September 23, 2016, we entered into a second Exchange and Redemption Agreement with Sabby covering the 1,000 shares of Preferred Stock outstanding at the time. Under the terms of the Exchange and Redemption Agreement, Taxus Cardium agreed to reduce the conversion price at which Sabby can convert shares of Preferred Stock to common shares to an effective price of $0.18 per share. The Exchange and Redemption Agreement granted Taxus Cardium a right to redeem any or all of the outstanding Preferred Stock for its Stated Value (approximately $1,000 per share) at any time after the date of the Agreement until November 29, 2016.   As a result of the conversion price changing from $0.30 to $0.18 per share, the 1,000 shares of Preferred Stock outstanding are convertible to 5,554,667 shares of Taxus Cardium common stock, an additional 2,221,867 compared to before the conversion price change. At March 31, 2017, there were 829 shares of Preferred Stock outstanding. A hypothetical conversion of all of the outstanding Preferred Stock as of March 31, 2017 into 4,604,674 shares of common stock would increase the common stock outstanding from 14,273,544 shares as of March 31, 2017, to 18,878,218, an increase of 32.3%.  As a result of such holder entering into the Agreement, for which the fair value of preferred stock before and after the modification was a substantially different, the modification was accounted for as an extinguishment.  Consequently, we recorded a deemed dividend, during the quarter ended September 30, 2016, totaling $782,879 in the 2016 statement of operations in arriving at net loss to common shareholders.

Angionetics Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On June 7, 2016, Taxus Cardium and Angionetics entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with Pineworld Capital Limited an entity affiliated with Huapont Life Sciences Co. Ltd, a China-based pharmaceutical, and active pharmaceutical ingredient company (“Huapont”).   Pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement, Angionetics agreed to sell 600,000, shares of its newly authorized Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Shares”) to the Huapont affiliate in exchange for $3,000,000 in cash.  The Shares represent an initial 15% equity interest in Angionetics, resulting in a post-money valuation of $20.0 million for Angionetics, subject to certain anti-dilution protection described below.  The investment from the Huapont affiliate was made in two tranches. The closing of the initial tranche of 200,000 Shares for $1,000,000 occurred on July 5, 2016. The closing of the second tranche of 400,000 Shares for $2,000,000 was conditioned upon Angionetics securing FDA clearance to initiate a new U.S.-based Phase 3 clinical study (the AFFIRM study) to evaluate the safety and definitive efficacy of the Generx® [Ad5FGF-4] product candidate for the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease and refractory angina.  On September 28, 2016, following FDA clearance of the Phase 3 AFFIRM study, Angionetics received $2,000,000 from the closing of the second tranche.  

The Angionetics Shares have the following rights, privileges and preferences:

The Angionetics Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is classified as permanent equity, since the triggering of a liquidation event to sell, merge, or consolidate Angionetics, or to sell all or substantially all of its assets (a “change in control”) is solely within Taxus Cardium’s control.  The Certificate of Designation for the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock does not provide the holdersconsisted of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, the right to initiate such a change in control, through special voting privileges, majority representation on the Angionetics boardthat were convertible into 4,388,889 share of directors, or other rights.  In the absence of special provisions in the Certificate of Designation, Delaware law requires the approval of the full Angionetics board of directors to initiate a change in control transaction.   

Also, given the Preferred holders have acquired a 15% equity position in Angionetics on and as a converted Common Stock, basis, and given the Preferred Stock holders have immediate substantive rights of the Common shareholders, the equity investment in Angionetcis was recorded as noncontrolling interest.  A noncontrolling interest is the portion of equity (net assets) in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly,there were stock options and warrants to a parent. The noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is part of the equity of the consolidated group.

Stock Options and Other Equity Compensation Plans

We have an equity incentive plan that was established in 2005 under which 283,058acquire up to 14,811,333 shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for issuance to employees, non-employee directors and consultants of the Company.  The 2005 Equity Incentive Plan expired on October 20, 2015, ten years after its adoption, and we are no longer able to issue shares or awards under that plan. All options or other awards issued under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan prior to its expiration remain outstanding in accordance with their terms.Common Stock.

At March 31, 2017, the following shares were subject to option awards outstanding under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan:

The followingCompany estimated the fair value of an option award on the date of grant using the Black–Scholes option valuation model. The Black–Scholes option valuation model requires the development of assumptions that are input into the model. These assumptions are the expected stock volatility, the risk–free interest rate, the option’s expected life, the dividend yield on the underlying stock and the expected forfeiture rate. Expected volatility is a summary of stock option and warrant activity undercalculated based on the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan as well as the warrants issued outside of the plan to employees and directors, during the three months ended March 31, 2017:

As of March 31, 2017, there was no intrinsic value to the outstanding and exercisable options and warrants as their exercise price exceeded the market pricehistorical volatility of our common stock.

Note 6—Commitmentsstock over the expected option life and Contingencies

Office Lease

On June 23, 2016, we entered into a thirty-eight month lease agreementother appropriate factors. Risk–free interest rates are calculated based on continuously compounded risk–free rates for the appropriate term. The dividend yield is assumed to lease office space commencingbe zero as the Company has never paid or declared any cash dividends on September 30, 2016.  The approximate base monthly rentits common stock and does not intend to pay dividends on its common stock in the first, second and third yearsforeseeable future. The expected forfeiture rate is $3,500, $3,700, and $3,800 respectively. The base monthly rent in the final two months of the agreement is $3,900. The total base rent over the lease term equals $139,800.

In the course of our business, we are routinely involved in proceedings such as disputes involving goods or services provided by various third parties, which we do not consider likely to be material to the technology we develop or license, or the products we develop for commercialization, but which can result in costs and diversions of resources to pursue and resolve.

In October 2014, BioRASI LLC (“BioRASI”) filed a complaint in Broward County, Florida, seeking payments of approximately $0.5 million allegedly owed for services that BioRASI provided in connection with the Company’s clinical trial conducted in the Russian Federation. In June of 2015, BioRASI amended the complaint to include as plaintiffs additional parties affiliated with BioRASI including Vendevia Group, LLC, Biosciences Research Ltd., and Progressive Scientific Bioresearch, Ltd. We are defending the action and have filed counterclaims.  Although at March 31, 2017, the probable outcome of this matter cannot be determined, we believe that we have supportable defenses and any negative decision, if any, is expected to be insignificant. Accordingly, we have not recorded any provisions related to this matter.

Note 7—Subsequent Events

We have evaluated events that occurred subsequent to March 31, 2017 and through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued.

Notice of Allowance on Patent Application Covering Excellagen®

On June 7, 2017, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Activation Therapeutics, received a Notice of Allowance from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for a new patent application (U.S. Application No. 13/648,255) entitled “Flowable Formulations for Tissue Repair and Regeneration.” The patent application includes claims covering methods to utilize formulations encompassing Excellagen [2.6%] as a topically applied flowable fibrillar collagen matrix for wound repair by promoting localized release of platelet derived growth factors and providing an in situ microstructural scaffold for cell migration.  

The following discussion and analysis is intended to help you understand our financial condition and results of operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2017. You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included under Item 1 in this report, as well as the risk factors and other information included in Part II, Item 1A, in our annual report on Form 10-K for our year ended December 31, 2016 (our “2016 Annual Report”), and other reports and documents we file with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Our future financial condition and results of operations will vary from our historical financial condition and results of operations described below.

Overview

The following overview does not address all of the matters covered in the other sections of this Item 2 or other items in this report or contain all of the information that may be important to our stockholders or the investing public. This overview should be read in conjunction with the other sections of this Item 2 and this report.

We are an operating company that manages a medical technologies portfolio of equity-based and potential royalty-driven investments as follows: (1) Angionetics, currently a majority-owned subsidiary focused on the late-stage clinical development and commercialization of Generx™, an angiogenic gene therapy product candidate designed for medical revascularization for the potential treatment of patients with myocardial ischemia and refractory angina due to advanced coronary artery disease; (2) Activation Therapeutics, a wholly owned subsidiary focused on the development and commercialization of the Excellagen® technology platform, an FDA-cleared flowable dermal matrix for advanced wound care that we believe has broad potential applications as a delivery platform for small molecule drugs, proteins and biologics; (3) LifeAgain a wholly-owned subsidiary that has developed an advanced medical data analytics (ADAPT®) technology platform focused on developing new and innovative products for the life insurance and healthcare sectors; and (4) a minority investment in Healthy Brands Collective, a functional food and nutraceutical company which acquired the Company’s To Go Brands® business.

Our business is focused on the acquisition and strategic development of product opportunities or businesses having the potential to address significant unmet medical needs, and having definable pathways to commercialization. Our business model is designed to create a portfolio of opportunities for success, avoiding reliance on any single technology platform or product type. We focus on late-stage product development bridging the critical gap between promising new technologies and product opportunities that are ready for commercialization. As our product opportunities and businesses are advanced and corresponding valuations established, we intend to consider various corporate development transactions designed to place our product candidates into larger organizations or with partners having existing commercialization, sales and marketing resources, and a need for innovative products. Such transactions could involve the sale, partnering or other monetization of particular product opportunities or businesses.

Business Strategy

We are currently focused on achieving milestones with the potential to offer significant valuation inflection points of our core biotechnology assets, while evaluating options for sales or other monetization of our non-core investments. The key elements of our business strategy include:

We have yet to generate positive cash flows from operations, and are dependent on equity and debt funding to finance our operations.  We intend to raise capital to finance the operations of Angionetics through a sale of equity in that entity.  Alternatively, we are seeking to raise sufficient capital to finance our operations through the sale of equity or assets in our investments in Activation Therapeutics, LifeAgain and Healthy Brands Collective.  If we fail to complete a financing or conclude such a transaction in a timely manner, we will not generate sufficient cash flows to cover our operating expenses. Our history of recurring losses and uncertainties as to whether our operations will become profitable raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements contained in this report do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability of assets or classifications of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.historical experience.

Recent highlights of our operating activities include the following:

Angionetics Inc. (Generx™)

Angionetics is a majority-owned subsidiary established to hold our Generx™ angiogenic gene therapy product candidate.

Generx™ has been under clinical development for over a decade, under the continual oversight of our highly experienced management team.  Our management and consulting team have been responsible for the development of Generx from the initial scientific discoveries by researchers at the University of California, San Diego, through the first in-man U.S.-based clinical studies and late stage clinical studies, the acquisition of the Generx development program by Schering AG following the successful completion of a five-year strategic partnership, and the re-acquisition of the Generx development program by Taxus Cardium after Schering AG was acquired by Bayer Healthcare.  Collectively, Angionetics’ small and highly focused management team has over 100 years of experience in the fields of gene therapy, cardiovascular product development and biologics.

On September 9, 2016, the U.S. FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) cleared Angionetics’ AFFIRM Phase 3 clinical study protocol, thus allowing Angionetics to proceed with late-stage clinical evaluation of GenerxTM.  The AFFIRM study patient population and trial design are based on Ad5FGF-4 responder data from the four prior FDA-cleared clinical studies.  The primary efficacy endpoint is improvement in exercise treadmill test (ETT) duration in GenerxTM -treated patients compared to a placebo control group.  Enrolled patients must have refractory angina, documented clinical evidence of myocardial ischemia, clinically significant limitation of physical activity due to angina, and angina-limited ETT duration of 3-7 minutes.

On February 3, 2017, Angionetics received notice that the FDA has granted Fast Track designation for the Phase 3 clinical investigation of Generx [Ad5FGF-4] cardiovascular angiogenic gene therapy as a one-time treatment for improving exercise tolerance in patients who have angina that is refractory to standard medical therapy and not amenable to conventional revascularization procedures (coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention and stents).  Under the FDA Modernization Act of 1997, designation as a Fast Track product means that FDA will take actions, as appropriate, to expedite the development and review of a biologics license application (BLA) for product approval. The FDA’s Fast Track process is designed to facilitate clinical and commercial development and expedite the review of new drugs and biologics that are intended to treat serious conditions that demonstrate the potential to address an unmet medical need.

After over two decades of basic, pre-clinical and clinical research in the field of gene therapy by universities, research institutes, as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies worldwide, Angionetics’ Generx represents one of only a few cardiovascular DNA-based therapeutic product candidates to successfully advance into late-stage, U.S. Phase 3 clinical study. Our primary business focus is securing the additional capital that we will need to finance the completion of the AFFIRM study.  We estimate that we will need an additional $25 to $50 million in additional capital to complete that study.  We plan to secure that capital through the sale of additional equity or debt securities in that entity. There are no agreements or arrangement for any additional financing in place at this time.

The Generx™ Product Candidate:  

Generx™ is a disease-modifying, precision medicine that is designed to improve cardiac perfusion (blood flow) in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia and refractory angina due to advanced coronary artery disease. In our clinical studies, enhanced cardiac perfusion is expected to improve exercise capacity, reduce the frequency of angina (chest pain) attacks and correspondingly reduce the need for certain anti-anginal drugs, and improve overall cardiovascular disease status. Generx has been designed to improve perfusion by promoting the formation of functional coronary collateral blood vessels within the heart. This process, termed “medical revascularization,” represents a fundamentally new mechanism of action that involves the stimulation of the formation of new biological structures in the heart, through arteriogenesis (enlargement of existing arterioles) and angiogenesis (formation on new capillary vessels), as opposed to currently available pharmacologic therapies which only address the symptoms of angina.  

The Generx product candidate is designed to easily fit within the current practice of medicine, as a ready-to-use, one-time treatment, which is administered by interventional cardiologists using standard cardiac balloon catheters, during an approximately one-hour, out-patient, angiogram-like procedure conducted on a non-acute basis, in a hospital or medical center catheter lab setting.  Interim study results demonstrate effectiveness similar to that of bypass surgery or stents, but in a significantly less costly and less invasive procedure.

Addressable Market:

Patients experiencing “refractory angina”--chronic and disabling stable angina despite conventional forms of treatment represent a significant and rapidly growing, “no option” patient population.  According to the 2016 American Heart Association report, there are approximately 15.5 million Americans with coronary artery disease, 50% of whom have symptomatic angina pectoris. Many of these patients (1) have coronary artery disease that is not limited or localized to large vessels, (2) continue to experience angina after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), and/or (3) are not suitable candidates for surgical interventions.  Based on a study from the Cleveland Clinic [Mukherjee et al., Am J Cardiol. 1999; 84:598-600], it is estimated that approximately 12% of patients with angina due to coronary artery disease are considered not suitable for CABG or PCI.

For many patients, there are few treatment options for refractory angina, and currently available alternative therapies do not directly address the reversible, stress-induced perfusion defects responsible for refractory angina. We believe that the Generx angiogenic gene therapy product candidate represents a new and innovative biological tool for the interventional cardiologist and potentially a breakthrough therapy for this very substantial unmet market segment, and for multiple small and orphan medical indications that currently have no specific therapeutic products.

We estimate that there are approximately 1.0 million patients in the U.S. with refractory angina who may benefit from Generx angiogenic gene therapy, and that the potential addressable market is estimated to range from $3.0 billion in the U.S. and up to $20.0 billion worldwide.

Generx Clinical Studies and FDA developments:

The Generx FDA regulatory dossier represents one of the most extensive and advanced DNA-based clinical data platforms ever compiled.  Generx has been evaluated as a treatment for patients with refractory angina in four prior FDA-cleared, multi-center, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical studies (AGENT 1-4, Phase 1/2 to Phase 2b/3) and one small international study (ASPIRE).  The combined AGENT studies have enrolled over 650 patients at over 100 medical centers in the U.S. and Western Europe, and have generated over 2,500 patient years of safety data.

In these multiple prior clinical studies, the Generx product candidate appeared safe and well-tolerated, and has generated preliminary findings of efficacy in men and women, in measures of cardiac perfusion, cardiac performance, and angina status, including: (1) significant improvement in exercise duration by Exercise Treadmill Testing (ETT); (2) significant improvement in cardiac perfusion as assessed by SPECT imaging, with observed improvements comparable in magnitude to those seen with coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and angioplasty with the use of stents (PCI); (3) significant and durable improvement in physical exertion capacity, as assessed by functional classification of angina out to 12 months post-treatment; (4) improvement in angina status, as assessed by documented reduction in angina episodes and nitroglycerin usage; and (5) significant reduction in incidence of worsening angina.

Generx Technology Platform:

The Generx™ [Ad5FGF-4] angiogenic gene therapy product candidate requires three key elements: a myocardial delivery vector; a therapeutic transgene; and methods of gene delivery. Generx is biologically engineered using an E1-region deleted, replication deficient adenovirus serotype 5 vector to deliver the 621 base pair gene encoding human fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4) under the control of a modified cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Adenovirus is the most well-characterized and widely used gene therapy vector in human clinical studies, and has cGMP manufacturing and testing standards established by the FDA. The Generx FGF-4 transgene has been engineered to include a signal peptide, which enables effective secretion from cells that express the protein (such as cardiac myocytes).  Our preclinical studies have shown that therapeutic efficacy is significantly increased by the presence of such a signal sequence in the growth factor DNA construct. [Gao et al., Hum Gene Ther. 2005; 16:1058-64] The CMV promoter is capable of driving high levels of transgene protein expression in transfected cells for up to 3 weeks.  This short-term expression is ideal for tissue regeneration clinical applications requiring generation of new biological structures, including promotion of new vessel growth in the heart.

Identifying the optimal route of administration and delivery parameters for Generx angiogenic gene therapy, such as infusion volume, flow rate, vector concentration and dose, are critical to achieving safe and effective levels of vector uptake and FGF-4 transgene expression. We have developed clinically feasible protocols that fit within current medical practice and that are designed to yield reproducible results and reduce inter-patient variability. Generx is administered by an interventional cardiologist into the coronary arteries under transient ischemic conditions through the use of a standard balloon catheter.  Generx is distributed into the microvascular pathways of the heart, and transfects cardiac cells by binding to cell surface coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptors (CAR). CAR receptors are found throughout the heart, and our research indicates that the binding of Generx to CAR receptors is enhanced by the induction of transient ischemia and the use of agents like nitroglycerin to boost cell permeability during administration.

The transfected heart cells then express and release FGF-4 protein, which promotes the growth of new blood vessels and increased blood flow to ischemic heart tissue.  Recent Company-sponsored research studies have demonstrated that FGF appears to be a key angiogenic regulatory protein that stimulates the release and action of other angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), to orchestrate and promote the growth of a functional collateral network in ischemic cardiac tissue. The evidence shows that FGF-4 expressed by Ad5FGF-4 has the capacity to enlarge pre-existing collateral arterioles (arteriogenesis) and to form new capillary vessels (angiogenesis) when driven by cardiac hemodynamic-impairment and ischemic stimuli.  These studies have further demonstrated a synergistic interaction between FGF-4 expressed by Ad5FGF-4, and endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the promotion of neo-vessel formation, with evidence that FGF controls angiogenesis upstream of VEGF.

Commercialization Developments:

Angionetics has continued to refine and advance Generx clinical and commercial development, summarized as follows:

Angionetics is committed to applying our first-mover scientific and clinical development leadership position in the field of angiogenic gene therapy for the treatment of patients with a variety of cardiovascular conditions which are related by insufficient cardiac perfusion. The core elements of our long-term strategy for Angionetics include:

Activation Therapeutics Inc. (Excellagen®)

Activation Therapeutics is a wholly-owned subsidiary established to hold and manage our assets related to the Excellagen® product and technology platform.  

We are looking to monetize Excellagen through the sale of Activation Therapeutics or the technology.  Alternatively, we have sought strategic partners to market and sell Excellagen in the United States and elsewhere through multiple marketing channels. We have been in discussions with parties expressing interest in purchasing the business, however, as of the date of this report, such discussions have not resulted in a completed monetization or strategic partnering transaction. We cannot guarantee that it will accept an offer to purchase the Excellagen business or that any such bona fide offer will be made on acceptable terms and conditions.

Without a strategic partner, we do not plan to build inventory or establish an internal marketing and sales force to directly support the commercialization of Excellagen. 

Excellagen® Dermal Wound Matrix:

Excellagen has been engineered to activate and promote wound healing through the growth of granulation tissue.  Excellagen is a flowable homogenate of highly purified bovine dermal collagen (Type I) in its native 3-dimensional fibrillar configuration.

Excellagen was cleared by FDA via the 510(k) pathway on October 3, 2011 (K110318) for the treatment of chronic dermal wounds including partial and full thickness wounds, pressure ulcers, venous ulcers, diabetic ulcers, chronic vascular ulcers, tunneled/undermined wounds, surgical wounds (donor sites/grafts, post-Moh's surgery, post-laser surgery, podiatric, wound dehiscence), trauma wounds (abrasions, lacerations, second-degree burns, and skin tears) and draining wounds. Excellagen has been classified for reimbursement purposes by the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services as a unique “skin substitute”-- a designation which is consistent with other forms of skin substitutes including living skin equivalents Dermagraft® and Apligraf® and human dermal and amnion placental tissue-based products including Graftjacket® and EpiFix®.

The Excellagen manufacturing process includes steps by which purified full-length Type I collagen molecules are reassembled into collagen’s native, staggered fibrillar configuration. Scanning electron microscopy has demonstrated Excellagen’s 3-dimensional scaffold structure and histological analysis of Excellagen-treated dermal wounds demonstrates efficient infiltration with fibroblasts, and development of patent blood vessels. Excellagen activates human platelets resulting in release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Excellagen’s ability to activate platelets is functional/biological evidence of its 3-dimensional fibrillar structure, as it has been demonstrated that this structure (as opposed to monomeric or denatured collagen) is required for effective platelet activation.

Excellagen is a cost-effective, easy to use, professional product that is conveniently packaged in prefilled, syringes with accessory flexible applicator tips. Excellagen is topically applied in a thin layer directly to the entire wound surface, providing a structural scaffold for cellular infiltration and wound granulation. The flowable format allows immediate, intimate contact with the entire wound surface, including highly contoured wounds, and can also be easily applied to areas of undermining or tunneling. The wound is first prepared by performing sharp debridement using standard methods to remove debris and necrotic tissue, and then Excellagen should be applied in the presence of a small influx of blood. Application of Excellagen in the presence of a small influx of blood cells and platelets likely contributes to its support of a favorable wound healing environment by triggering immediate, localized release of PDGF and other platelet-derived growth factors and cytokines, providing wound healing cues to the responsive cells exposed by debridement. After application, the treated wound is overlaid with a non-adherent dressing. The treated wound (including non-adherent dressing) is left undisturbed for one week to allow Excellagen to promote new granulation tissue growth. If the wound is not completely healed, Excellagen may be reapplied weekly. 

Excellagen Clinical Studies and FDA approval:

Excellagen was studied in a multi-center, randomized, controlled, double-blinded Phase 2b study in patients with diagnosed diabetes (Type I or II) with non-healing ulcers of the lower extremity (with no bone or tendon exposed) that had failed prior therapy, that were present for at least 6 weeks, and were documented to be non-healing (≤ 30% decrease in ulcer area) during a 2-week run-in period under standard of care treatment (debridement, daily saline-moistened gauze, and off-loading). The study control included the conventional Standard of Care or “SOC”; daily saline-moistened gauze dressing changes, offloading, and sharp debridement.  Excellagen was applied only once (day 1) or twice (day 1 and week 4), with offloading and weekly outer dressing changes.

After the 12 week study period, 45% percent of the patients treated with Excellagen (n=31) achieved complete wound closure.  This was a 45% relative improvement over wounds treated with SOC therapy alone (n=16; 31% closure incidence). There was a 68% relative improvement with Excellagen for wounds achieving 90-100% area reduction during the 12-week evaluation period. In other words, 74% of wounds receiving only one or two applications of Excellagen achieved ≥90% area reduction compared with only 44% of patients receiving daily SOC. The improvement seen with Excellagen compared to SOC was even more dramatic for larger wounds. For wounds that were larger than three centimeters squared, 33% of wounds treated only once or twice with Excellagen achieved complete wound closure at 12 weeks whereas none of the SOC-treated wounds closed.

In the clinical study, Excellagen was applied to wounds only once or twice (with the second application four weeks after the first).  Excellagen’s FDA clearance and the instructions for use suggest weekly application such that the accelerated healing and granulation tissue development observed in the Phase 2b study can be sustained, potentially further enhancing and accelerating the healing response.  This schedule of weekly application has been followed in post-marketing use with positive reports of rapid, robust granulation tissue formation in chronic diabetic foot ulcers and pressure ulcers that have failed prior therapies.

Excellazome™ Advanced Wound Care Biologics Research:  

We believe that Excellagen also represents a unique platform technology for the delivery of biologics for use in regenerative medicine applications. Prior research by Taxus Cardium and its collaborators has demonstrated biocompatibility and functionality of viral-based gene therapies and stem cell biologics when delivered in Excellagen. In addition to DNA- and stem cell-based biologics, Excellagen provides a potential enabling delivery platform for numerous therapeutic product classes, including small molecule drugs, peptides and anti-microbials.

Activation Therapeutics is developing plans to undertake research and preclinical studies to evaluate the toxicology and mechanism of action with respect to the use of Excellagen as a delivery platform for secreted extracellular vesicles (“Exosomes”), which carry factors that stimulate and augment wound healing.  Exosomes are small (30-100 nm diameter), cell-derived, lipid bilayer-encapsulated vesicles that are naturally secreted by most cell types. Exosomes are found in, and can be isolated from, almost all bodily fluids and the media of cultured cells. Exosome contents include lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and soluble factors. First identified in 1983, only in recent years has the therapeutic potential of exosomes been recognized and investigated.  They are now known to play a vital role in intercellular communication by delivering their contents to recipient cells, and triggering biologic responses.  In addition, exosomes are key secretory products of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and recently published preclinical research studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes can stimulate proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts, enhance angiogenesis, and accelerate wound healing in a diabetic mouse model.  We believe that Excellagen could be a valuable delivery platform for exosomes in wound healing applications, by facilitating delivery and potentially augmenting the biological response to exosomes.

Based on this new and exciting field of research, we currently plan to retain the exclusive rights to develop, market and sell an advanced biologic product extension utilizing Excellagen as a delivery platform for exosomes ( Excellazome ), to stimulate and augment wound healing beyond levels already observed with our Excellagen dermal matrix product.  Advancing the Excellazome biologic product concept to clinical and commercial readiness will require additional process engineering by exosome manufacturers to establish reproducible and scalable procedures that generate well-characterized end products that meet current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) quality standards.

LifeAgain Insurance Solutions, Inc.

Our LifeAgain subsidiary has developed an advanced medical data analytics (ADAPT®) technology platform focused on developing new and innovative products for the life insurance and healthcare sectors.  Our initial product offering was Blue Metric term life, an insurance program for men with prostate cancer. LifeAgain established a relationship with Symetra Financial Corporation to provide the insurance policies to men in the United States, based on actuarial information developed with our ADAPT technology.

On April 4, 2015, we entered into a license agreement with Shenzhen Qianhi Taxus Industry Capital Management Co., Ltd., a company affiliated with Shanxi Taxus Pharamaceuticals Co. Ltd., for the license of LifeAgain’s ADAPT technology to develop and commercialize survivable risk life insurance products in Greater China.  No products were commercialized or sold based on that license during the year ended December 31, 2015.

On August 11, 2015, Symetra Financial Corporation announced that it entered into a definitive merger agreement with Sumitomo Life Insurance Company pursuant to which Sumitomo Life will acquire all of the outstanding shares of Symetra. Following the transaction, Symetra advised us that it was discontinuing its partnership with LifeAgain.  As a result, we are not currently offering the Blue Metric term life product.

LifeAgain plans to continue to seek opportunities for the application of its ADAPT medical analytics platform to commercialize “survivable risk” term life insurance for cancer survivors or others with medical conditions who are currently considered uninsurable based on traditional underwriting standards as well as other forms of survivable risk programs.

Healthy Brands Collective.

On November 15, 2013, we sold the assets of our To Go Brands subsidiary to Healthy Brands Collective® in exchange for shares of preferred stock representing approximately 4% of Healthy Brand Collective’s fully-diluted common stock.  Healthy Brands Collective® is the trading name for Cellnique Corporation, a privately-held company that has acquired a portfolio of eight independent brand product platforms (prior to To Go Brands) including Cell-nique® , Cherrybrook Kitchen®, Yumnuts®, Living Harvest/Tempt®, Bites of Bliss®, High Country Kombucha® drinks and Organics European Gourmet Bakery™ (formerly Dr. Oetker) natural and organic baking mixes.  

At the time of the transaction, Healthy Brands Collective had announced plans for an initial public offering.  Healthy Brands Collective has not completed any liquidity event.  During 2015 we took additional impairment writeoffs against our investment in Healthy Brands Collective, fully reserving our investment.  We are looking for opportunities to monetize our investment in Health Brands Collective, but do not have any arrangements or agreements in place at this time.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements included under Item 1 in this report have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and their accompanying notes.

We have identified certain policies that we believe are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations, including obsolescence reserve for inventory, valuation of equity instruments, and impairment of long-lived assets. These significant accounting estimates or assumptions bear the risk of change due to the fact that there are uncertainties attached to these estimates or assumptions, and certain estimates or assumptions are difficult to measure or value. We base our estimates on our historical experience, industry standards, and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. An adverse effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations could occur if circumstances change that alter the various assumptions or conditions used in such estimates or assumptions.

We record reserves for inventories that are obsolete or exceed anticipated demand or carried at an amount that exceeds market. In establishing such reserves, management considers historical sales of identical and/or similar goods, product development plans and expected market demand.

We calculate the value of equity compensation expense associated with the issuance of warrants and stock options using the Black-Scholes Option which approximates a binomial lattice model. Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of equity–based payment awards requiresrequire the input of a number ofthe subjective assumptions including the expected stock volatility, the risk–free interest rate, the options expected life, the dividend yield on the underlying stock.described above. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of equity–based payment awards represent management’s best estimates, which involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and the Company uses different assumptions, equity–based compensation could be materially different in the future. In addition, the Company is required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate and recognize expense only for those shares expected to vest. If the actual forfeiture rate is materially different from the estimates, the equity–based compensation could be significantly different from what the Company has recorded in the current period. If

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases. Under this new guidance, at the commencement date, lessees will be required to recognize (i) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis and (ii) a right -of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. This guidance is not applicable for leases with a term of 12 months or less. The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2020. There was no material impact on the Company’s financial statements for the current period ending March 31,2020.

Note 3—Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment totaled $421.

Note 4—Accrued Liabilities

Accrued Liabilities consisted of the following:

Note 5—Advances from Related Party-Officer

As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, $690,050 and $725,425 respectively, was owed to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer for cash advances made to the Company to fund working capital requirements incurred in the ordinary course of business. These advances are non-interest bearing with no fixed terms of repayment. During the period ended March 31, 2020, the Company repaid $35,375. Subsequent to the reporting period, effective in June, 2020, the Company is repaying the loan in equal monthly installments of $20,000.

Note 6—Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

In June 2016, the Company entered into a thirty-eight-month lease agreement to lease office space commencing on September 30, 2016. The approximate base monthly rent in the first, second and third years is $3,500, $3,700, and $3,800, respectively. The base monthly rent in the final two months of the agreement is $3,900. The total base rent over the lease term equals $139,800. The lease was extended until July 31, 2020, on a month-to-month basis.

On July 8, 2020, the Company entered into a twenty-nine-month lease for approximately 3,039 square feet of office space in San Diego, California commencing on August 1, 2020. The monthly base rent is $6,685 and increases by three percent (3%) on each anniversary of the Commencement Date.

Contingent Liability

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into various restructuring efforts including the restructuring of certain payables with its vendors to pay certain amounts due contingent on the receipt of FDA approval on Generx or contingent on the FDA approval and commercial sales of Generx. Since it is not determinable when and if Generx will receive FDA approval and the Company will achieve commercial sales, the Company has reflected these re-negotiated amounts due as contingent liabilities where it is not determinable when and if the amounts will ultimately be paid. The total liabilities payable by the Company in the event of FDA approval is $172,449 and an additional amount totaling $225,000 is payable when commercial sales cumulatively reach $100 million for Generx. Since the Company does not know if FDA approval will be received for the Generx product, it is not determinable if and when this payment will be made by the Company. Accordingly, these amounts have been reported as a contingent liability and have not been included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.

Deferred Compensation

As of March 31, 2020, we had an outstanding balance in accrued but unpaid salaries and benefits for current and former employees totaling $2,926,717. In January 2020, all affected current and former employees agreed to defer their compensation, less applicable tax withholdings, upon the earliest to occur of (a) the FDA’s approval of Generx for marketing and sale in the U.S.; (b) the EMA approval of Generx for marketing and sale in the European Union and the United Kingdom; (c) the sale of Generx to an independent third party for an aggregate value equal to or greater than $35,000,000; (d) our entry into a strategic partnership that would facilitate a capital contribution equal to or greater than $35,000,000 for the purpose of supporting the clinical and commercial development of Generx; (e) our successful completion of a public or private equity offering for the issuance of its common stock equal to $35,000,000; or (f) at such other time, as our board of directors determines that we have the financial ability to make such payments without jeopardizing our ability to operate as a going concern.

License Fees

Technology License Agreements

As of October 2019, the outstanding and unpaid amount due and payable under the UC License Agreement totaled $1,006,709. As part of the Company’s restructuring efforts, the Company and the University of California reached a settlement agreement in the amount of $172,449, payable as $100,000 in quarterly cash payments of $8,333 over a 36 month-month period, with the first payment commencing on June 15, 2020, and an additional lump sum payment of $72,449 payable upon FDA approval of Generx.

As of November 2019, the Company and the New York University reached an agreement to settle total amounts due under this agreement for $400,000 payable as follows: (1) $75,000 in six quarterly payments of $12,500 commencing June 15, 2020, with additional contingent payments due as follows (2) $100,000 payable upon FDA approval to market and sell Generx; and (3) an additional amount totaling $225,000 when commercial sales cumulatively reach $100 million for Generx.

The Company has not reflected the contingent amounts payable of $397,449 in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as the payable is contingent on FDA approval and commercialization of the product. Since it is not determinable when and if FDA approval will be received, it is not determinable if and when this payment will be made by the Company. Accordingly, these amounts have been reported as a contingent liability. As a result of these settlements, the agreements are deemed terminated and no further amounts and royalties are payable by the Company.

Legal Proceedings

In the course of our business, the Company is routinely involved in proceedings such as disputes involving goods or services provided by various third parties, which the Company does not consider likely to be material to the technology we develop or license, or the products we develop for commercialization, but which can result in costs and diversions of resources to pursue and resolve.

Note 7—Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

In April 2015, the Company entered into a term sheet with Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus Capital Management Co., Ltd. (“Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus”), a company affiliated with Shanxi Taxus Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., whereby the Company proposed to sell Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus 600,000 shares of common stock in our Angionetics subsidiary in exchange for $3.0 million in cash. The $3.0 million was to be paid in tranches that were to undervaluebe completed by May 31, 2015. Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus paid $600,000 of the financing, which was recorded as common stock issuable. Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus did not complete this transaction. This subscription was committed and not refundable to Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus. Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus was eligible to apply this amount toward the purchase of common stock of the Company or its subsidiaries based on terms and conditions approved by the Company’s Board of Directors.

In April 2020, in connection with the Change of Control and restructuring efforts executed pursuant to the Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into a Reaffirmation and Ratification Agreement with Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus (the “Ratification Agreement”) confirming that the Company terminated all prior agreements with Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus and entered into a mutual release of claims, which canceled the rights for the issuance of common shares. Refer to subsequent event note.

Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus previously held approximately 24% of the Company shares as of March 31, 2020 and the chairman of Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus was also on the Board of Directors and Chairman of the Board of the Company. Following completion of the transaction with Nostrum, which included the issuance of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, the Chairman resigned from the Company’s Board of Directors. After the Nostrum Series B Preferred stock investment and excluding Nostrum’s Series A Preferred Stock investment  and pending Series B Preferred issuances Shenzhen Qianhai Taxus and Nostrum own 1.6% and 70% of the voting common stock respectively as of August 28,2021.

Preferred Stock

Series A Preferred StockExchange and Redemption Agreement with Sabby Healthcare Volatility Master Fund, Ltd.

In April 2013, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Sabby Healthcare Volatility Master Fund, Ltd. (“Sabby”) to purchase up to 4,012 shares of our derivativenewly authorized Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Stock”) for maximum proceeds of $4.0 million. The Preferred Stock was convertible into shares of our common stock at an initial conversion price of $0.6437 per share. The conversion price is subject to downward adjustment if the Company issues common stock or common stock equivalents at a price less than the then effective conversion price. Sabby is limited to hold no more than 10% of Gene Biotherapeutics’ issued and outstanding common stock at any time. As long as the Preferred Stock is outstanding, the Company has also agreed not to incur specified indebtedness without the consent of the holders of the Preferred Stock. These factors may restrict our ability to raise capital through equity or debt offerings in the future.

In July 2015, the Company entered into an Exchange and Redemption Agreement with Sabby relating to the 1,176 shares of Preferred Stock that remained outstanding at that time. Under the terms of the Exchange and Redemption Agreement, the Company agreed to reduce the conversion price of the Preferred Stock to $0.30 per share. The Agreement grants Gene Biotherapeutics (1) a right to redeem any or all of the outstanding Preferred Stock for its stated value (approximately $1,000 per share) at any time during a 120-day period after the date of the Agreement, and (2) increases the limitation on certain indebtedness contained in the Certificate of Designation for the Preferred Stock to allow Gene Biotherapeutics to borrow up to $250,000. The Company entered into the Agreement to increase our options for retiring the outstanding Preferred Stock and financing our continued business operations. As a result of the effective conversion price changing from $0.64 to $0.30 per share, the 1,176 shares of Preferred Stock outstanding at that time were convertible to 3,918,667 shares of Gene Biotherapeutics common stock, an additional 2,092,350 shares compared to before the conversion price change. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, there were 790 Preferred Stock outstanding. Refer to the Subsequent Events section for further discussion on the Series A Preferred Stock.

Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement Between Nostrum and Sabby

In May 2020, subsequent to this reporting period, concurrent with the sale of the Series B Preferred Stock, Nostrum acquired 220 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock from Sabby Master Healthcare Ltd. and agreed to purchase the remaining 570 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock that are outstanding and held by Sabby. As a result of the issuance of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, each share of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock became convertible into 88,496 shares of our Common Stock which totaled 50,442,489 shares of Common Stock. The Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock restricts Nostrum from converting any Series A Preferred Stock if Nostrum would beneficially own a number of shares of Common Stock in excess of 9.99% of the shares of Common Stock then issued and outstanding. As a result of its ownership of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, Nostrum is currently limited in its entirety from converting any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has no voting rights on general corporate matters, provided that the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock contain customary protective provisions. As of April 28, 2021, Sabby converted all of its remaining 570 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into 50,442,489 shares of Common and no further shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock were purchased by Nostrum. As a result, Nostrum did not acquire any further shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred beyond their initial 220 share acquisition.

Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with Nostrum

In May 2020, subsequent to this reporting period we entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with Nostrum Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Nostrum”), selling Nostrum 1,700,000 shares of our newly authorized Series B Convertible Preferred Stock in exchange for $1.7 million, that are convertible into 150,442,478 shares of the Company’s Common Stock. Set forth below are the specific details of the terms and conditions of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.

Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation and Amendment to Bylaws Covering the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock

On May 21, 2020, the Company amended their Certificate of Incorporation with the filing of a Certificate of Designation to establish the rights, privileges, and preferences of a new class of our preferred stock designated Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”). The Series B Preferred has the following material terms and provisions:

Dividends. Each share of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is entitled to receive dividends when, as, and if dividends are paid on shares of our Common Stock. Dividends are payable on each share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock on an “as-converted” basis, in the same amount and form as dividends actually paid on shares of our Common Stock. The Company has never paid dividends on shares of our common stock and the Company does not intend to do so for the foreseeable future.

Voting Rights. Each share of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock will have the same voting rights as shares of our Common Stock, on an “as-converted” basis, and will vote on all matters with the Common Stock as a single class. In addition, the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock has voting rights that require the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock for any action to: (1) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the shares of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock or alter or amend its Certificate of Designation, (2) authorize or create any class of shares ranking as to dividends, redemption or distribution of assets upon liquidation senior to, or otherwise pari passu with, the shares of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, (3) amend our Certificate of Incorporation or other charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the holders of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, (4) increase the number of authorized shares of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, or (5) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing.

Conversion. The shares of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are convertible at any time at the option of the holder into shares of our Common Stock at a ratio determined by dividing the Stated Value of such share of Series B Preferred Stock by the conversion price of $0.0113 per share of Common Stock. Accordingly, each share of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is initially convertible into 88.5 shares of our Common Stock. The conversion price is subject to adjustment in the case of share splits, share dividends, combinations of shares and similar recapitalization transactions. In addition, if the Company sells shares of Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents at a price less than the current conversion price, the conversion price of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock will be reduced to equal eighty percent (80%) of the price at which such Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents are sold.

Liquidation. The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our company, after payment or provision for payment of our debts and other liabilities and before any distribution or stock–payment is made to the holders of our common stock or any junior securities, the holders of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock will first be entitled to be paid an amount equal to $1.00 per share plus any other fees, liquidated damages or dividends then owing, before our remaining assets will be distributed among the holders of the other classes or series of shares of our capital stock in accordance with our Certificate of Incorporation.

In May 2020, the Board amended the Company’s bylaws to eliminate the classified Board. Directors will serve one-year terms until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are duly elected and qualified.

Stock Options and Other Equity Compensation Plans

The Company had an equity incentive plan that was established in 2005 under which 283,058 shares of our common stock was reserved for issuance to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The 2005 Equity Incentive Plan expired on October 20, 2015, ten years after its adoption, and the Company is no longer able to issue share or awards under that plan. All options or other awards issued under the 2005 Equity Incentive plan prior to its expiration remain outstanding in accordance with their terms. At March 31,2020, there are no shares outstanding and available for future issuance under the option plan.

There were no stock options, warrant under the Equity Incentive plan and no warrant issued outside of the plan to employees and consultants during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020. The total number of options and warrants outstanding and exercisable were 14,811,333 as of March 31, 2020 with a weighted average exercise price of $0.62 per share, and a weighted average remaining life of 4.42.

The Company calculates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. In determining the expected term, the Company separate groups of employees that have historically exhibited similar behavior with regard to option exercises and post-vesting cancellations. The option-pricing model requires the input of subjective assumptions, such as those included in the table above. The volatility rates are based compensationprincipally on our historical stock prices and expectations of the future volatility of its common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The total expense to be recorded in future periods will depend on several variables, including the number of share-based awards and expected vesting. As of March 31, 2020, there was a $0, intrinsic value to the outstanding and exercisable options and warrants, respectively.

Warrants

In October 2017, the Company issued 1,000,000 fully vested Common Stock warrants to Landmark, in exchange for economic monetization and business mobilization services for the Company. The warrants are exercisable at any time from October 9, 2017 (initial exercise date) and on or prior to the close of business on the 10-year anniversary from the initial exercise date, October 8, 2027, at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. The warrants had a fair value of $0.15 per share and the Company has recognized $150,000 as consulting costs in the statement of operations during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2017.

In November 2017, the Company issued 700,000 fully vested Common Stock warrants to a consultant for ongoing scientific and business consulting services. The warrants are exercisable at any time from November 14, 2017 (the grant date) for a period up to 10 years at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. The warrants had a fair value of $0.11 per share, determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, and the Company has recognized $79,222 as consulting costs in the statement of operations during the further quarter ended December 31, 2017.

In April 2018, the Company issued an additional 1,000,000 fully vested Common Stock warrants to Landmark as final consideration paid upon completion of the 6-month Agreement. The Common Stock warrants are exercisable at any time from April 23, 2018 (initial exercise date) and on or prior to the close of business on the 10-year anniversary from the initial exercise date, April 22, 2028, at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. The warrants had a fair value of $0.08 per share, determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The Company recognized approximately $80,000, representing the aggregate fair value of the warrants as consulting expenses in the statement of operations during the second quarter ended June 30, 2018.

The Company calculates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model which approximates a binomial lattice model. In determining the expected term, the Company separate groups of employees that have historically exhibited similar behavior regarding option exercises and post-vesting cancellations. The option-pricing model requires the input of subjective assumptions, such as those included in the table below. The volatility rates are based principally on our historical stock prices and expectations of the future volatility of its Common Stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The total expense to be recorded in future periods will depend on several variables, including the number of share-based awards and expected vesting.

The following table summarizes warrants that we would understategranted during the expense recognizedyear ended December 31, 2017 and 2018:

The Company did not grant any warrants after 2018 and had total warrants issued and outstanding to third party consultants of 2,700,000 as of March 31, 2020.

Note 8—Subsequent Events

The following significant events took place after the period covered by this report:

Matters Relating to Our Relationship with Shanxi Taxus Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Affiliated Entities

In April 2020, the Company entered into a Reaffirmation and Ratification Agreement with Shanxi Taxus Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (“Shanxi”). Shanxi has previously paid a subscription of $600,000 to acquire shares of our Common Stock or shares of capital stock in our Angionetics Inc. subsidiary. In exchange for the cancellation of the $600,000 stock subscription agreement the Company entered into the two agreements described below and terminated all prior agreements with Shanxi and entered into a mutual release of claims.

Generx Product

In April 2020, Angionetics, Inc. entered into a Distribution and License Agreement with Shanxi, as amended by the First Amendment to Distribution and License Agreement dated April 14, 2020 (as amended, the “Shanxi License Agreement”), granting Shanxi certain license rights with respect to our Generx product candidate. The distribution and license rights commence only after the Company obtains U.S. FDA approval for marketing and sale of Generx in the United States. The license rights include (a) a non-exclusive right to manufacture Generx products in China, and (b) an exclusive right to market and sell Generx products in Singapore, Macau, Hong Kong, Taiwan, any other municipality other than mainland China where Chinese (Mandarin or Cantonese) is the common language, the Russian Federation and the Commonwealth of Independent States (i.e., Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan). The Shanxi License Agreement provides for a royalty ranging from 5% up to 10% based on the level of annual net sales of the Generx product sold by Shanxi in the licensed territory.

Excellagen Product

In April 2020, subsequent to the date of this report, the Company’s Activation Therapeutics, Inc. subsidiary entered into the Shanxi Assignment Agreement pursuant to which the Company transferred all of its license rights to manufacture, use, market and sell Excellagen in China to Shanxi. The Company also assigned to Shanxi a Chinese patent that the Company received on Excellagen. As a result, the Company no longer has an interest in Excellagen, other than the right to the royalty payments from Olaregen.

Nostrum Financing

On May 22, 2020, subsequent to the date of this report, the Company entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Nostrum Pharmaceuticals, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Nostrum”) pursuant to which the Company sold Nostrum 1,700,000 shares of newly designated Series B Preferred Stock, for a total cash consideration of $1.7 million. Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of our common stock at an initial conversion ratio of $.0113 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for each share of common stock or 150,442,478 shares of the Company’s Common Stock.We have used the proceeds from the sale of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock to fund working capital requirements in preparation for conducting a Phase 3 clinical trial in the U.S. for our Generx product candidate. We believe that Nostrum’s assets and experience in the formulation and commercialization of pharmaceutical products will facilitate the administration and completion of the Phase 3 clinical trial for Generx on a cost-effective basis. Nostrum is the parent of Nostrum Laboratories, Inc., a privately held pharmaceutical company engaged in the formulation and commercialization of specialty pharmaceutical products and controlled release, orally administered branded and generic drug products.

Concurrently with the sale of the Series B Preferred Stock, Nostrum acquired 220 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock from Sabby Master Healthcare Ltd. and agreed to purchase the remaining 570 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock that are outstanding and held by Sabby. As a result of the issuance of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, each share of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock became convertible into 88,496 shares of our Common Stock. The Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock restricts Nostrum from converting any Series A Preferred Stock if Nostrum would beneficially own a number of shares of Common Stock in excess of 9.99% of the shares of Common Stock then issued and outstanding. As a result of its ownership of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, Nostrum is currently limited in its entirety from converting any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has no voting rights on general corporate matters, provided that the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock contain customary protective provisions.

As of April 28, 2021, Sabby converted all of its remaining 570 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into 50,442,489 shares of Common and no further shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock were purchased by Nostrum. As a result, Nostrum did not acquire any further shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred beyond their initial 220 share acquisition

For the period May 2021 through July 2021, Nostrum provided an additional $292,000 in cash funding to support the operations of the Company to execute on our current business plan and seek alternative sources of non-dilutive capital to fund the Company’s research, development and commercialization activities for our lead product Generx [Ad5FGF-4]. The Company will issue an additional 292,000 of Series B Preferred Stock in exchange for the additional funding from Nostrum.

Office Lease

In July 2020, the Company entered into a twenty-nine-month lease for approximately 3,039 square feet of office space in San Diego, California commencing on August 1, 2020. The monthly base rent is $6,685 and increases by three percent (3%) on each anniversary of the Commencement Date.

Retirement of Members of the Board of Directors & Bylaw Amendment to Change the Term Period

On May 22, 2020, Andrew Leitch, John Wallace, Jiayue Zhang and Wei-Wei Zhang resigned as members of the Company’s Board of Directors. The resignations were required under the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement. On May 22, 2020, at the request of Nostrum, James Grainer and Kaushik K. Vyas were appointed to the Company’s Board of Directors and James L. Grainer was appointed to serve as Chairman of the Board.In addition, on May 22, 2020, the Board amended the Company’s bylaws to eliminate the classified Board. Directors will serve one-year terms until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are duly elected and qualified.

Fuji Film Agreement

In March 2021, the Company entered into an agreement with FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies (“FDB”) to manufacture the Generx [Ad5FGF-4] angiogenic gene therapy product candidate for Phase 3 clinical evaluation for the treatment of refractory angina due to late-stage coronary artery disease. Manufacturing operations will be conducted at FDB’s facilities in College Station, Texas where FDB will perform technology transfer and process development activities for Phase 3 clinical and commercial-scale GMP manufacturing of Generx.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis are intended to help you understand our financial condition and results of operations for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020. You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to the consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 in this report. Statements in the following discussion that are not historical in nature are forward looking statements, and inherently subject to risk. Our future financial condition and results of operation. Conversely ifoperations will vary from our historical financial condition and results of operations described below based on a variety of factors. You should carefully review the risks described under Part II, Item 1A and elsewhere in this report, which identify certain important factors that could cause our future financial condition and results of operations to vary from our historical operations and from our current expectations of future results.

Overview

We are a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on the clinical and commercialization of angiogenic gene therapy biotherapeutics for strategic niche markets, primarily for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Our technology platform is designed to biologically activate the human body’s innate angiogenic healing process to stimulate the growth of microvascular networks for patients with ischemic cardiovascular, cerebral, and other medical conditions and diseases, as well as for advanced tissue engineering applications. Historically we werehave developed FDA registered and sold various medical devices, products and product candidates.

In May 2020, after the period covered by this report, we entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with Nostrum Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Nostrum”), selling Nostrum 1,700,000 shares of our newly authorized Series B Convertible Preferred Stock in exchange for $1.7 million. In addition, to overvaluefurther support the operations of the Company for the period May 2021 through June 2021, subsequent to this reporting period, Nostrum invested an additional $292,000, and the Company will issue and additional $292,00 of Series B Preferred Stock. Nostrum is the parent company of Nostrum Laboratories, Inc., a privately held pharmaceutical company engaged in the formulation, commercialization. Marketing and sale of specialty pharmaceutical products and controlled release, orally administered, branded and generic drug products. We will use the proceeds from the sale of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock to fund working capital requirements in preparation for conducting the U.S. FDA-approved Phase 3 clinical trial for our warrantGenerx product candidate. We believe that Nostrum’s assets and stock–based compensation expenses we would overstateexperience in the expense recognizedformulation and commercialization of pharmaceutical products will facilitate the administration and completion of the Phase 3 clinical trial for Generx on a cost-effective basis.

Our lead product candidate, Generx, is a first in class, single dose, angiogenic gene therapy product candidate that is designed to improve blood flow and to increase the supply of oxygenated blood in patients with refractory angina and myocardial ischemia due to advanced coronary artery disease. Generx has been designed to improve perfusion by promoting the formation of functional coronary collateral blood vessels within the heart through enlargement of existing arterioles (arteriogenesis) and formation on new capillary vessels (angiogenesis). This process, termed “medical revascularization,” represents a fundamentally new mechanism of action that involves the stimulation of the formation of new biological structures in the heart, as opposed to currently available pharmacologic therapies, which only address the symptoms of angina, or mechanical intervention. Results from prior clinical studies demonstrate perfusion improvements with Generx similar to that achieved with coronary artery bypass surgery or stents, but in a significantly less costly and less invasive procedure.

Our current business is focused exclusively on the development of Generx, a gene therapy product candidate targeted at men and women with advanced ischemic heart disease and refractory angina. We have received FDA approval and Fast Track status for a Phase 3 clinical trial. We do not currently have any other products or other product candidates and have not generated any revenues from operations for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020. Our operations currently comprise one segment for financial reporting purposes.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and their accompanying notes.

Accounting estimates or assumptions are inherently subject to change, and certain estimates or assumptions are difficult to measure or value. We base our estimates on our historical experience, industry standards, and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. If results differ materially from our estimates, we will make adjustments to our financial statements prospectively as we become aware of the necessity for an adjustment.

We believe that the following accounting policies involve the most complex judgments concerning assumptions and estimates with the greatest potential impact on our consolidated statementsfinancial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. For further information on all of operations.

Our otherour significant accounting policies, are described insee the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements.statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of 2019.

Results of Operations

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 20172020, compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 20162019

The following tables sets forth our results of operations for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, and 2019, and the relative dollar and percentage change between the two periods.

Research and development expenses, for the three monthsthree-month period ended March 31, 2017 were $130,7622020 compared to $83,3332019, decreased by $16,774 or 26.5% mainly due to a reduction in employee salary and benefits expense of $4,274 as the Company discontinued payment of benefits. In addition, the collaboration for research activities with New York University was terminated decreasing research and development fees by $12,500 per quarter. The reduction in expenses is consistent with the same periodCompany’s restructuring plan to focus on the development of Generx, the sale of non-core products and an overall reduction in 2016. The increaseexpenses while management focused company resources on raising capital to provide the resources to advance the development and commercialization of $47,429 was the result of a $1,427 increase in clinical trial expenses and a $46,002 increase in personnel related costs.Generx.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased, for the three monthsperiod ended March 31, 2017 were $521,2182020 by $73,321 or 40.8% compared to $340,6692019 mainly due to a reduction in employee salary and benefits of $56,875. In addition, there was a decrease in the office expenses of $14,899 mainly due to a reduction in depreciation expense as assets became fully depreciated and an overall reduction of $1,547 in other miscellaneous expenses as the company focused time and resources on raising capital.

Interest expenses increased for the same period in 2016. The increase of $180,549 was the result of a $25,530 decrease in stock-based compensation offset by a $33,945 increase in personnel and related costs, an increase of $125,954 in professional services expense, a $20,701 increase in travel related expenses, a $13,740 increase in investor relations expenses and an $11,739 increase in other selling, general and administration related expenses.

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was $1,9572020 by $5,802 compared to $2,573 for the same period in 2016. The decrease of $616 was the2019 primarily as a result of an increase in the total notes payable of $240,000 received from Nostrum in September 2019 and January 2020, which bears interest charges for expenditures made on our credit card in 2017.at 6% per annum.

Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was $655,283 (including $75,159 attributable to the non-controlling interest and $0 of stock-based compensation) compared to a net loss of $426,575 (including $25,530 of stock-based compensation) for the same period of 2016. The increase of $228,708 was primarily due to increases in operating expenses as described above and changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2017, we had approximately $0.2 million in cash

The following table summarizes our liquidity and cash equivalents. Our working capital deficitposition at March 31, 2017 was approximately $4.1 million.2020 and 2019:

Net cash used

Following the period covered by this report:

The following table summarizes our operating, investing, and financing activities was $749,689 for the three monthsthree-month period ended March 31, 2017 compared to $252,899 for the three months ended March 31, 2016. 2020, and 2019:

The increase of $496,790$53,513 in net cash used in operating activities was primarily due primarily to an increaselegal costs paid in ourconnection with May 2020 Nostrum financing. These legal costs were capitalized as a prepaid asset until closing.

We had no net loss plus changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was $1,865 compared to no cash used in investing activities for the same period in 2016. The increase of $1,865 was related to property2020, and equipment purchases associated with our move into our new office space.  At2019. On March 31, 2017,2020 we did not have any significant capital expenditure requirements.

Net cash used

The increase of $133,749 in financing activities was $(2,476) for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to net cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to the Nostrum financing in January 2020 of $350,627 for$120,000 and accrued and unpaid interest on notes payable of approximately $15,931, which was offset by the same period in 2016.  For the three month period ended March 31, 2017, we repaid our Chief Executive Officer $2,476payments made to loans from officer of advances made for ordinaryapproximately $35,375.

The Company expenses.  For the three month period ended March 31, 2016 the $350,627 net cash received from financing activities included a $250,000 payment from a Huapont affiliate for shares of Series A Convertible preferred stock in Angionetics and $100,627 net cash advances received from our Chief Executive Officer to cover ordinary Company expenses.

We anticipateanticipates that negative cash flows from operations will continue for the foreseeable future. We have yet to generate positive cash flows from operations and we are essentially dependent on external funding sources to support the Company’s research, development and commercialization activities. We do not have any unused credit facilities. We intend to secure additionalpursue sources of working capital throughfrom non-dilutive funding channels to support the Company’s operations that could include, but not be limited to, (1) up to $3.350 million from potential royalties from commercial sales of Excellagen® from certain geographic regions, including the United States; (2) Federal government sponsored research grants; (3) agreements and arrangements covering distributor and strategic partnerships and drug royalty agreements based on the commercial sale of Generx following the successful completion of the planned FDA-cleared, Phase 3 AFFIRM clinical study and FDA registration in the U.S., and additional registrations to market and sell Generx in other countries internationally. At an appropriate time, with favorable market conditions, and an appropriate enterprise value reflective of the Company’s clinical status and the Generx [Ad5FGF-4] economic potential, we could also consider the sale of equity and debt securities to finance our operations.  As long as any shares of our Preferred Stock are outstanding, we have agreed that we will not, without the consent of the holders of two-thirds of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, incur indebtedness other than specified “Permitted Indebtedness”, or incur any liens other than specified “Permitted Liens”.

On June 7, 2016, Taxus Cardium and Angionetics entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with Pineworld Capital Limited an entity affiliated with Huapont Life Sciences Co. Ltd, a China-based pharmaceutical and active pharmaceutical ingredient company (“Huapont”).  Huapont is focused on the research and development of new and innovative healthcare products, and the manufacture, marketing and sale of leading pharmaceutical products, active pharmaceutical ingredients (known as APIs) and a portfolio of safe and effective agricultural herbicides (including NC16, NC34, NC36, NC125, NC201) serving the agricultural business throughout the U.S. and South American markets. Huapont’s pharmaceutical business includes dermatology products, cardiovascular products, anti-tuberculosis agents, autoimmune-related products and oncology-related products. Huapont’s API business involves the production and sale of bulk pharmaceutical chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates and preparations of Western medicines, with current annual revenues of approximately $1.1 billion, and approximately 7,100 employees operating throughout mainland China. Huapont is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (002004.SZ) and trades at a current market capitalization of approximately $3.0 billion.

In connection with this agreement, Angionetics sold 600,000 shares of its newly authorized Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Shares”) to the Huapont affiliate in exchange for $3,000,000 in cash. The Shares represent an initial 15% equity interest in Angionetics, resulting in a post-money valuation of $20.0 million for Angionetics, subject to certain anti-dilution protection.    variety privately negotiated structured transactions or public capital market offerings.

The agreement called for the investment from the Huapont affiliate to be made in two tranches—the closing of the initial tranche of 200,000 Shares for $1,000,000 shortly following the execution of the agreement and the closing of the second tranche of 400,000 Shares for $2,000,000 was conditioned upon Angionetics securing FDA clearance to initiate a new U.S.-based Phase 3 clinical study (the AFFIRM study) to evaluate the safety and definitive efficacy of the  Generx^TM [Ad5FGF-4] product candidate for the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease and refractory angina.  The closings took place, and the Shares were issued, on July 5, 2016 and September 28, 2016, respectively.

Angionetics will require substantial additional capital to complete the Phase 3 AFFIRM study.  We estimate that we will need an additional $25 to $50 million in additional capital to complete that study.  We plan to secure that capital through the sale of additional equity or debt securities in that entity. There are no agreements or arrangement for any additional financing in place at this time.

We have yet to generate positive cash flows from operations, and are dependent on equity and debt funding to finance our operations.  We intend to raise capital to finance the operations of Angionetics through a sale of equity in that entity.  Alternatively, we are seeking to raise sufficient capital to finance our operations through the sale of equity or assets in our investments in Activation Therapeutics, LifeAgain and Healthy Brands Collective.  If we fail to complete a financing or conclude such a transaction in a timely manner, we will not generate sufficient cash flows to cover our operating expenses. Our history of recurring losses and uncertainties as to whether our operations will become profitable raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements contained in this report do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability of assets or classifications of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2017, we2020, the Company did not have any significant off-balance sheet debt nor did we have any transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations) or other relationships with any unconsolidated entities or other persons that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenue or expenses material to investors.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this item.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain certain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that material information is: (i) gatheredrequired to be disclosed in the reports that we submit or file with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (1) recorded, processed summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executiveChief Executive Officer and financial officers, on aChief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely basis; and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized, reported and filed with the SEC asdiscussions regarding required under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2017.2020. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our disclosure controls were not effective for their intended purposes described above as a result of a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected and corrected on a timely basis. For the year ended December 31, 2016,2019, we noted the following material weaknesses in the operation of our internal controls as follows:

Our management does not believe that the material weakness in internal controls has resulted in any inaccuracy or misstatement in the financial statements included in this report. We plan to remediate these material weaknesses by hiring additional qualified accounting personnel when the Company has the financial resources to support those expenses. However, these material weaknesses continued to exist during the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017.2020.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the quarterly period ended March 31, 20172020 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHEROTHER INFORMATION

In the course of our business, we are routinelymay become involved in proceedings such as disputes involving goods or services provided by various third parties, whichintellectual property infringement claims, and employment disputes. We are not currently a party to any legal proceedings that we dobelieve would reasonably be expected to have a material effect on our financial position.

ITEM 1 A. RISK FACTORS

Our business, financial condition and operating results can be affected by a number of factors, including but not consider likelylimited to bethose described in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 under the heading “Risk Factors”. The occurrence of any one or more of those factors could cause our actual financial and operating results to vary materially from past or from expected future financial condition and operating results. There have been no material changes to our risk factors since the technology we develop or license, or the products we develop for commercialization, but which can resultfiling of our 2019 Annual Report.

The risk factors included in costsour 2019 Annual Report and diversions of resources to pursue and resolve.

In October 2014, BioRASI LLC (“BioRASI”) filed a complaint in Broward County, Florida, seeking payments of approximately $0.5 million allegedly owed for services that BioRASI provided in connectionour other filings with the Company’s clinical trial conducted in the Russian Federation. In June of 2015, BioRASI amended the complaint to include as plaintiffs additional parties affiliated with BioRASI including Vendevia Group, LLC, Biosciences Research Ltd., and Progressive Scientific Bioresearch, Ltd. We are defending the action and have filed counterclaims.  Although at March 31, 2017, the probable outcome of this matter cannot be determined, we believe that we have supportable defenses and any negative decision, if any, is expected to be insignificant. Accordingly, we have not recorded any provisions related to this matter.

You should carefully review and consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this report and in other reports and documents we file with the SEC when evaluating our business and future prospects. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties, not presently known to us, or that we currently perceive as immaterial or remote, may also occur. If any of the following risks or any additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business could be materially harmed, and our financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or a portion of the value of your investment in our stock. You should not draw any inference as to the magnitude of any particular risk from its position in the following discussion.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We need substantial additional capital to develop our products and for our operations in the near term. If we are unable to obtain such funds when needed, we may have to delay, scale back or terminate our product development or our business.ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Conducting the costly and time consuming research, pre-clinical and clinical testing necessary to obtain regulatory approvals and bring our products to market will require a commitment of substantial funds in excess of our current capital. The audit opinion accompanying our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 included an explanatory paragraph indicating substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We expect capital outlays and operating expenditures for Angionetics to increase over the next several years as it works to advance Generx through late stage clinical trials, secure regulatory approval, begin to commercialization. Angionetics will need to raise additional capital to, among other things:None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, among others: the progress of our current and new product development programs; the progress, scope and results of our pre-clinical and clinical testing; the time and cost involved in obtaining regulatory approvals; the cost of manufacturing our products and product candidates; the cost of prosecuting, enforcing and defending against patent claims and other intellectual property rights; competing technological and market developments; and our ability to establish and maintain collaborative and other arrangements with third parties to assist in potentially bringing our products to market and/or to monetize the economic value of our product portfolio.

We cannot be certain that additional financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms when needed, we may need to take actions that adversely affect our business, our stock price and our ability to achieve cash flow in the future, including possibly surrendering our rights to some technologies or product opportunities, delaying our clinical trials or curtailing or ceasing operations.

If we raise capital through the sale of equity securities it may result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders.  

To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities or we issue securities in connection with another transaction, the ownership position of existing stockholders could be substantially diluted. Anti-dilution adjustments to our securities currently outstanding would cause further dilution. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of preferred stock or debt securities, these securities are likely to have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our common stock and may involve significant fees, interest expense, restrictive covenants and the granting of security interests in our assets.

In order to raise capital to fund the development of our Generx^TM product candidate we have sold shares in our Angionetics subsidiary.  Our management did this because it believed that it could raise capital at a better valuation, and with less dilution to existing stockholders, than if it were to sell shares of Taxus Cardium.  If Angionetics continues to issue additional equity securities to third party investors, as is currently planned, it will dilute the interest of Taxus Cardium, and consequently our stockholders in Angionetics and the Generx^TM product candidate.  

We have incurred losses since our inception in December 2003 and expect to incur significant net losses in the foreseeable future and may never become profitable.

We have sustained operating losses to date and will likely continue to sustain losses as we seek to develop our products and product candidates. We expect these losses to be substantial because of the significant amounts we expect to spend on development activities and clinical trials for our product candidates. As of March 31, 2017, our accumulated deficit was approximately $118 million, and our cash and cash equivalents were approximately $0.2 million. To date, we have generated very limited revenues and a large portion of our expenses are fixed, including expenses related to facilities, equipment, contractual commitments and personnel. As a result, we expect our net losses from operations to continue for at least the next few years.

Whether we will generate additional revenues and become profitable will depend largely on our ability, alone or with potential collaborators, to efficiently and successfully complete the development of our product candidates, successfully complete pre-clinical and clinical tests, obtain necessary regulatory approvals, and manufacture and market our products. There can be no assurance that any such events will occur or that we will ever become profitable. Even if we do achieve profitability, we cannot predict the level of such profitability. If we sustain losses over an extended period of time, we may be unable to continue our business.

There is a high rate of failure for drug candidates proceeding through clinical trials.

Generally, there is a high rate of failure for drug candidates proceeding through clinical trials.  We may suffer significant setbacks in clinical trials, even after receiving promising results in earlier trials. Further, even if we view the results of a clinical trial to be positive, the FDA or other regulatory authorities may disagree with our interpretation of the data. In the event that Angionetics obtains negative results from the AFFIRM Phase 3 clinical study or receives poor clinical results for other product candidates, or the FDA chooses to block progress of the trials, or does not approve our Biologics License Application for Generx, Angionetics may not be able to generate sufficient revenue or obtain financing to continue operations.  In such event, our ability to execute on our current business plan will be materially impaired, our reputation in the industry and in the investment community would likely be significantly damaged, and the price of our stock would likely decrease significantly.

Our technologies and product candidates may have unacceptable side effects that could delay or prevent product approval.

Side effects of therapeutic technologies can be serious and life threatening.  While we are not presently aware of any side effects from the use of Generx^TM, possible serious side effects of gene transfer include viral or gene product toxicity resulting in inflammation or other injury to the heart or other parts of the body.  The development or worsening of cancer in a patient could potentially be a perceived or actual side effect of gene therapy technologies. Furthermore, there is a possibility of side effects or decreased effectiveness associated with an immune response toward any viral vector or gene used in gene therapy. The possibility of such response may increase if there is a need to deliver the viral vector more than once.

If Generx^TM or any of our product candidates are found, prior to or after any approval for commercial sale, to cause serious or unexpected side effects, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including:

If we elect or are forced to suspend or terminate any planned clinical trial of Generx^TM or any other of our product candidates, the commercial prospects for that product will be harmed and our ability to generate product revenue from that product may be delayed or eliminated. Furthermore, any of these events could prevent us or our partners from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the affected product and could substantially increase the costs of commercializing our product candidates and impair our ability to generate revenue from the commercialization of these products.

We rely on third party clinical research organizations to manage our clinical trials.  Consequently we have less control over the conduct of the clinical trials and may experience delays or errors in our clinical trials that could adversely affect our business, financial results and commercial prospects.

To obtain regulatory approvals for new products, we must, among other things, initiate and successfully complete multiple clinical trials demonstrating to the satisfaction of the FDA or other regulatory authority that our product candidates are sufficiently safe and effective for a particular indication. We rely on third party clinical research organizations to assist us in designing, administering and assessing the results of those trials. We are dependent upon them to timely and accurately perform their services. We have experienced, and in the future may experience, delays in our clinical trials. Our development costs will increase and our business may be negatively impacted, if we experience delays in testing or approvals or if we need to perform more or larger clinical trials than planned, for reasons such as the following:

Significant delays may adversely affect our financial results and the commercial prospects for our product candidates and delay our ability to become profitable. If third party organizations do not accurately collect and assess the trial data, we may discontinue development of viable product candidates or continue allocating resources to the development and marketing of product candidates that are not efficacious. Either outcome could result in significant financial harm to our company and damage to our reputation.

If we are unable to enter into successful sales, marketing and distribution agreements with third parties, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our products.

We rely on collaborations or other arrangements with third parties to sell, market and distribute our products. Under these arrangements third parties would be largely responsible for the timing and extent of sales and marketing efforts, they may not dedicate sufficient resources to our product opportunities, and our ability to cause them to devote additional resources or to otherwise promote sales of our products may be limited.  In addition, to the extent that we enter into licensing, distributorship, co-promotion, co-marketing or other collaborative arrangements, our product revenues are likely to be lower than if we directly marketed and sold our products on a direct basis.

We have entered into agreements with third parties to market our Excellagen® product and to date have not been successful in generating material sales.  We have also entered into agreements with third parties to market our Generx^TM product in certain territories if approved by relevant regulatory authorities, but there can be no assurance that the efforts of such third parties will meet our expectations or result in any significant product sales.

Even if approved for marketing, our product candidates may fail to gain market acceptance.

Our ongoing business and future depends on the success of our technologies and product candidates. Gene-based therapy, like our GenerxTM product candidate, is a new and rapidly evolving medical approach that has any not been shown to be effective on a widespread basis. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies have successfully developed and commercialized only a limited number of biologic-based products to date and no gene therapy has yet been successfully commercialized. Our product candidates, and the technology underlying them, are new and unproven and there is no guarantee that health care providers or patients will be interested in our products even if they are approved for use.

Our success will depend in part on our ability to demonstrate sufficient clinical benefits, reliability, safety and cost effectiveness of our product candidates and technology relative to other approaches, as well as on our ability to continue to develop our product candidates to respond to competitive and technological changes.

If the market does not accept our products or product candidates, when and if we are able to commercialize them, then we may never become profitable. It is difficult to predict the future growth of our business, if any, and the size of the market for our product candidates because the market and technology are continually evolving. There can be no assurance that our technologies and product candidates will prove superior to technologies and products that may currently be available or may become available in the future or that our technologies or research and development activities will result in any commercially profitable products.

We will rely on third parties to manufacture our products and product candidates. There can be no guarantee that we can obtain sufficient and acceptable quantities of our product candidates on acceptable terms, which may delay or impair our ability to develop, test and market such products.

Our business strategy relies on third parties to manufacture and produce our products and product candidates and the catheters used to deliver the products in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices established by the FDA and other regulators. These third party manufacturers are subject to extensive government regulation and must receive FDA approval before they can produce clinical material or commercial product.

Our products and product candidates may be in competition with other products for access to these facilities and may be subject to delays in manufacture if our contract manufacturers give other products greater priority than our products. These third parties also may not deliver sufficient quantities of our products, manufacture our products in accordance with specifications, or comply with applicable government regulations. Successful large-scale manufacturing of gene-based therapy products has been accomplished by very few companies, and significant process development changes may be necessary before commercializing and manufacturing any of our biologic product candidates. Additionally, if the manufactured products fail to perform as specified, our business and reputation could be severely impacted.

If any manufacturing agreement is terminated or any third party service provider or collaborator experiences a significant problem that could delay or interrupt the supply of product to us, there are very few contract manufacturers who currently have the capability to produce our product candidates. There can be no assurance that manufacturers on whom we depend will be able to successfully produce our products or product candidates on acceptable terms, or on a timely or cost-effective basis, or in accordance with our product specifications and applicable FDA or other governmental regulations. We must have sufficient and acceptable quantities of our product materials to conduct our clinical trials and to market our product candidates, if and when such products have been approved by the FDA for marketing. If we are unable to obtain sufficient and acceptable quantities of our product material, we may be required to delay the clinical testing and marketing of our products, which would negatively impact our business.

We may pursue acquisitions of other companies or product rights that, if not successful, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As part of our business strategy, we may pursue acquisitions of other companies, technologies or products. Acquisitions of businesses or product rights involve numerous risks, including:

There can be no assurance that transactions that we may pursue will ultimately prove successful. If we pursue an acquisition but are not successful in completing it, or if we complete an acquisition but are not successful in integrating the acquired company’s employees, products or operations successfully, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed.

We face intense and increasing competition and must cope with rapid technological change, which may adversely affect our financial condition and/or our ability to successfully commercialize and/or market our products and product candidates.

Our competitors and potential competitors include large pharmaceutical and medical device companies and more established biotechnology companies. These companies have significantly greater financial and other resources and greater expertise than us in research and development, manufacturing, pre-clinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing. This may make it easier for them to respond more quickly than us to new or changing opportunities, technologies or market needs. Our larger competitors may be able to devote greater resources to research and development, marketing, distribution and other activities that could provide them with a competitive advantage. Many of these competitors operate large, well-funded research and development programs and have significant products approved or in development. Small companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical companies or through acquisition or development of intellectual property rights. Our potential competitors also include academic institutions, governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations that conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangements for product and clinical development and marketing.

Our industry is characterized by extensive research and development, rapid technological change, frequent innovations and new product introductions, and evolving industry standards. Existing products and therapies to treat vascular and cardiovascular disease, including drugs and surgical procedures, as well as competitive approaches to wound healing and tissue repair, will compete directly or indirectly with the products that we are seeking to develop and market. In addition, our competitors may develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization and market penetration than us. As these competitors develop their technologies, they may develop proprietary positions that prevent us from successfully commercializing our future products. To be successful, we must be able to adapt to rapidly changing technologies by continually enhancing our products and introducing new products. If we are unable to adapt, products and technologies developed by our competitors may render our products and product candidates uneconomical or obsolete, and we may not be successful in marketing our products and product candidates against competitors. We may never be able to capture and maintain the market share necessary for growth and profitability and there is no guarantee we will be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors.

Changes and reforms in the health care system or reimbursement policies may adversely affect the sale of our products and future products or our ability to obtain an adequate level of reimbursement or acceptable prices for our products or future products.

Our ability to earn sufficient returns on our products and future products will depend in part on the extent to which reimbursement for our products and related treatments will be available from government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers, managed care organizations and other third-party payers. If we fail to obtain appropriate reimbursement, it could prevent us from successfully commercializing and marketing our products and future products.

There have been and will continue to be efforts by governmental and third-party payers to contain or reduce the costs of health care through various means, including limiting coverage and the level of reimbursement. We expect that there will continue to be a number of legislative proposals to implement government controls and other reforms to limit coverage and reimbursement. Additionally, third-party payers, including Medicare, are increasingly challenging the price of medical products and services and are limiting the reimbursement levels offered to consumers for these medical products and services. If purchasers or users of our products or future products are not able to obtain adequate reimbursement from third-party payers for the cost of using the products, they may forego or reduce their use. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved health care products, including gene therapy and other therapeutic products and devices, and whether adequate third-party coverage will be available. The announcement or considerations of these proposals or reforms could impair our ability to raise capital and negatively affect our business.

If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel and advisors, it may adversely affect our ability to obtain financing, pursue collaborations or develop or market our products or product candidates.

Our future success depends on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified management and scientific and regulatory personnel and advisors. We currently rely on Christopher J. Reinhard, our Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President and Treasurer, as our sole executive officer. The loss of Mr. Reinhards’ services would significantly disrupt our operations. We do not maintain any key man life insurance on our executive officers.

To pursue our business strategy, we will need to hire or otherwise engage qualified scientific personnel and managers, including personnel with expertise in clinical trials, government regulation, manufacturing, marketing and other areas. Competition for qualified personnel is intense among companies, academic institutions and other organizations. If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel and advisors, it may negatively affect our ability to successfully develop, test, commercialize and market our products and product candidates.

We will use hazardous and biological materials in our business. Any claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of these materials could be time consuming and costly.

Our products and processes involve the controlled storage, use and disposal of certain hazardous and biological materials and waste products. We and our suppliers and other collaborators are subject to federal, state and local regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of materials and waste products. Even if we and these suppliers and collaborators comply with the standards prescribed by law and regulation, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from hazardous materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result, and any liability could exceed the limits or fall outside the coverage of any insurance we may obtain and exceed our financial resources. We may not be able to maintain insurance on acceptable terms, or at all. We may incur significant costs to comply with current or future environmental laws and regulations.

To the extent that we enter markets outside the United States, our business will be subject to political, economic, legal and social risks in those markets, which could adversely affect our business.

There are significant regulatory and legal barriers in markets outside the United States that we must overcome to the extent we enter or attempt to enter markets in countries other than the United States. We will be subject to the burden of complying with a wide variety of national and local laws, including multiple and possibly overlapping and conflicting laws. We also may experience difficulties adapting to new cultures, business customs and legal systems. Any sales and operations outside the United States would be subject to political, economic and social uncertainties including, among others:

Any changes related to these and other factors could adversely affect any business operations that we conduct outside the United States.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property and Potential Litigation

If we do not obtain protection for our respective intellectual property rights, our competitors may be able to take advantage of our research and development efforts to develop competing products.

Our success, competitive position and future revenues depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection for products, methods, processes and other technologies, to preserve trade secrets, to prevent third parties from infringing on their intellectual proprietary rights and to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties.

The patent process is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defending patents. These risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to the following:

In addition, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patent applications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnology-related inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovations exemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if our subsidiaries are able to obtain patents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.

In addition to patents, we also rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how. Although we take measures to protect this information by entering into confidentiality and inventions agreements with employees, scientific advisors, consultants, and collaborators, we cannot provide any assurances that these agreements will not be breached, that we will be able to protect ourselves from the harmful effects of disclosure if they are breached, or that trade secrets will not otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. If any of these events occurs, we otherwise lose protection for their trade secrets or proprietary know-how, the value of this information may be greatly reduced.

Intellectual property and trade secrets protection are important to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that such protections will prove inadequate.

We may be subject to costly claims, and, if we are unsuccessful in resolving conflicts regarding patent rights, we may be prevented from developing, commercializing or marketing our products and/ or product candidates.

There has been, and will likely continue to be, substantial litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights in the biotechnology industry.

As more potentially competing patent applications are filed, and as more patents are actually issued, in the fields of gene therapy, biologics, collagen-based products, wound healing and tissue repair, adenoviral vectors or in other fields in which we may become involved and with respect to component methods or compositions that we may employ, the risk increases that we or our licensors may be subjected to litigation or other proceedings that claim damages or seek to stop our manufacturing, marketing, product development or commercialization efforts. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our or our licensors’ proprietary rights or to determine the enforceability, scope and validity of the proprietary rights of others. If we become involved in litigation, it could be costly and divert our efforts and resources. In addition, if any of our competitors file patent applications in the United States claiming

technology also invented by us or our licensors, we may need to participate in interference proceedings held by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of invention and the right to a patent for the technology. Like litigation, interference proceedings can be lengthy and often result in substantial costs and diversion of resources.

If we are unsuccessful in defending against any adverse claims, we could be compelled to seek licenses from one or more third parties who could be direct or indirect competitors and who might not make licenses available on terms that we find commercially reasonable or at all. In addition, such proceedings, even if decided in our favor, involve lengthy processes, are subject to appeals, and typically result in substantial costs and diversion of resources.

Even if such patent applications or patents are ultimately proven to be invalid, unenforceable or non-infringed, such proceedings are generally expensive and time consuming and could consume a significant portion of our resources and substantially impair our marketing and product development efforts.

We may not have adequate protection for our unpatented proprietary information, which could adversely affect our competitive position.

We also rely on trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovations and licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our competitive position. However, others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or disclose our technology. To protect our trade secrets, we may enter into confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants and potential collaborators. However, these agreements may not provide meaningful protection of our trade secrets or adequate remedies in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of such information. Likewise, our trade secrets or know-how may become known through other means or be independently discovered by our competitors. Any of these events could prevent us from developing or commercializing our product candidates.

We face the risk of product liability claims, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Our sales and marketing will expose us to product liability risks that are inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of biotechnology and medical device products. Failure to obtain or maintain sufficient product liability insurance or otherwise protect against product liability claims could prevent or delay the commercialization or marketing of our products or product candidates or expose us to substantial liabilities and diversions of resources, all of which can negatively impact our business. Regardless of the merit or eventual outcome, product liability claims may result in withdrawal of product candidates from clinical trials, costs of litigation, damage to our reputation, substantial monetary awards to plaintiffs and decreased demand for products.

Product liability may result from harm to patients using our products, such as a complication that was either not communicated as a potential side effect or was more extreme than communicated. We will require all patients enrolled in our clinical trials to sign consents, which explain various risks involved with participating in the trial. However, patient consents provide only a limited level of protection, and it may be alleged that the consent did not address or did not adequately address a risk that the patient suffered from. Additionally, we will generally be required to indemnify the clinical product manufacturers, clinical trial centers, medical professionals and other parties conducting related activities in connection with losses they may incur through their involvement in the clinical trials. We may not be able to obtain or maintain product liability insurance on acceptable terms or with adequate coverage against potential liabilities.

Risks Related to Our Capital Structure

The conversion of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will result in substantial dilution to holders of our common stock.

On April 4, 2013, we agreed to issue 4,012 shares of our newly authorized Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Stock”) to Sabby Healthcare Volatility Master Fund, Ltd. (“Sabby”) for $4.0 million in cash. The Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of our common stock.  The Preferred Stock had an initial conversion price of $0.6437 per share. In addition, the conversion price is subject to downward adjustment if we issue common stock or common stock equivalents at a price less than the then effective conversion price. As long as the Preferred Stock is outstanding, we have also agreed not to incur specified indebtedness without the consent of the holders of the Preferred Stock. These factors may restrict our ability to raise capital through equity or debt offerings in the future.

On July 22, 2015, we entered into an Exchange and Redemption Agreement with Sabby pursuant to which we agreed to reduce the conversion price on the Preferred Stock to $0.30 per share. The Exchange and Redemption Agreement granted us a right to redeem any or all of the outstanding Preferred Stock for its Stated Value (approximately $1,000 per share) at any time during a 120 day period after the date of the agreement, and permanently increased the limitation on indebtedness contained in the Certificate of Designation for the Preferred Stock to allow us to borrow up to $250,000.  As a result of the effective conversion price changing from $0.64 to $0.30 per share, the 1,176 shares of Preferred Stock outstanding at July 22, 2015 became convertible into 3,918,667 shares of our common stock, an additional 2,092,350 compared to before the conversion price change.  

On September 23, 2016, we entered into a second Exchange and Redemption Agreement with Sabby covering the 1,000 shares of Preferred Stock outstanding at that time. Under the terms of the Exchange and Redemption Agreement, we agreed to reduce the conversion price to $0.18 per share. The Exchange and Redemption Agreement granted us a right to redeem any or all of the outstanding Preferred Stock for its Stated Value (approximately $1,000 per share) at any time until November 29, 2016.  We entered into the agreement to increase our options for retiring the outstanding Preferred Stock and financing our continued business operations. As a result of the conversion price changing from $0.30 to $0.18 per share, the 1,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding became convertible to 5,554,667 shares of our common stock, an additional 2,221,867 compared to before the conversion price change.  At March 31, 2017, there were 829 shares of Preferred Stock outstanding.  A hypothetical conversion of all of the outstanding Preferred Stock as of March 31, 2017 into 4,604,674 shares of common stock would increase the common stock outstanding from 14,273,544 shares as of March 31, 2017, to 18,878,218, an increase of 32.3%.  

As a result of such holder entering into the Agreement, for which the fair value of preferred stock before and after the modification was a substantially different, the modification was accounted for as an extinguishment.  Consequently, we recorded a deemed dividend totaling $782,879 in the statement of operations in arriving at net loss to common shareholders.

Our outstanding warrants (stock options and warrants to employees and directors) have anti-dilution protection and, if exercised, will significantly dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders.

At March 31, 2017, we had an aggregate of 12,116,334 stock options and warrants outstanding at exercise prices ranging from $0.19 to $55.00. The exercise of some or all of our outstanding warrants would significantly dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such exercise could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock.

Our outstanding warrants have anti-dilution protection.  On September 23, 2016, we entered into a second Exchange and Redemption Agreement with Sabby covering the 1,000 shares of Preferred Stock outstanding at the time. Under the terms of the Exchange and Redemption Agreement, Taxus Cardium agreed to reduce the conversion price at which Sabby can convert shares of Preferred Stock to common shares from $0.30 to an effective price of $0.18 per share. As a result of this reduction of the conversion price of the preferred stock, the Company was also required to issue an additional 4,823,736 of warrants, to such warrant holders (current and former employees), in accordance with the original terms of their agreements.  The fair value of these issuances was recorded as compensation expense.

Additional sales of Taxus Cardium equity securities or derivative securities will result in additional shares of common stock being issuable under the outstanding warrants.  

The price of our common stock is expected to be volatile and an investment in our common stock could decline substantially in value.

In light of our small size, limited resources, and dependence on relatively few products or product candidates, our stock price is expected to be highly volatile and can be subject to substantial drops, with or even in the absence of news affecting our business. The following factors, in addition to the other risk factors described in this report, may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock, some of which are beyond our control:

The market prices of securities of smaller biotechnology and medical device companies have experienced dramatic fluctuations that often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating results of these companies. Continued market fluctuations could result in extreme volatility in the price of the common stock, which could cause a decline in the value of the common stock. Price volatility may be increased if the trading volume of our common stock remains limited or declines.

Our company could be difficult to acquire due to anti-takeover provisions in our charter, our stockholder rights plan and Delaware law.

Our bylaws provide for a staggered board of directors and for advance shareholder notice for actions to be taken at meetings of stockholders. In addition, our board of directors has adopted a stockholder rights plan in which preferred stock purchase rights were distributed as a dividend. These provisions may make it more difficult for stockholders to take corporate actions and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control. These provisions also could deter or prevent transactions that stockholders deem to be in their interests.

In addition, we are subject to the anti- takeover provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Subject to specified exceptions, this section provides that a corporation may not engage in any business combination with any interested stockholder during the three-year period following the time that such stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. This provision could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company. The foregoing factors could reduce the price that investors or an acquirer might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.

We have never paid cash dividends on our capital stock and we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have never paid cash dividends on any of our classes of capital stock to date, and we currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. Our outstanding Preferred Stock prohibits us from paying any dividends without the consent of the holders of the preferred stock.  In addition any future debt or credit facility we obtain also may preclude or limit our ability to pay any dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be your sole source of potential gain for the foreseeable future.

None.

None.

Not applicable.

None.

The following exhibit index shows those exhibits filed with this report and those incorporated by reference:

EXHIBIT INDEX