Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Stepan Company (the Company), without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although management believes that the disclosures are adequate and make the information presented not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and its results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, have been included. These financial statements and related footnotes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related footnotes included in the Company’s ~~2017~~2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

On January 1, 2019, the Company elected to change its method of accounting for U.S. inventories from the LIFO basis to the FIFO basis. Total U.S. inventories accounted for using the LIFO cost flow assumption, prior to the accounting method change, comprised 68 percent of the Company’s total inventories as of December 31, 2018. Non-U.S. inventories have historically been maintained on the FIFO basis. The Company believes that this change to the FIFO method of inventory valuation is preferable as it provides a better matching of costs with the physical flow of goods, more accurately reflects the current market value of inventory presented on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, standardizes the Company’s inventory valuation methodology and improves comparability with the Company’s industry peers.

In accordance with ASC 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, this change in method of accounting for U.S. inventories has been retrospectively applied to all prior periods presented herein. Prior period financial statements and financial comparables have been adjusted to reflect what results would have been had the Company always used the FIFO method of inventory valuation for U.S. inventories. The cumulative effect on retained earnings for these changes was $23.7 million at December 31, 2018.

The following tables present the prior year financial statement line items that have been affected by the retrospective change in accounting principle:

The following tables present what current year financial statement line items would have been had the Company not changed its method of accounting for U.S. inventories from LIFO to FIFO basis:

Below are reconciliations of total equity, Company equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017:~~2018:

The following were the financial instruments held by the Company at March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, and the methods and assumptions used to estimate the instruments’ fair values:

Carrying value approximated fair value because of the short maturity of the instruments.

Derivative assets and liabilities included the foreign currency exchange contracts discussed in Note 4.5. Fair value and carrying value were the same because the contracts were recorded at fair value. The fair values of the foreign currency contracts were calculated as the difference between the applicable forward foreign exchange rates at the reporting date and the contracted foreign exchange rates multiplied by the contracted notional amounts. See the table below that ~~follows the~~describes financial ~~instrument descriptions~~assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis for the reported fair values of derivative assets and liabilities.

Long-term investments included the mutual fund assets the Company held to fund a portion of its deferred compensation liabilities and all of its non-qualified supplemental executive defined contribution obligations (see the defined contribution plans section of Note 8)10). Fair value and carrying value were the same because the mutual fund assets were recorded at fair value. Fair values for the mutual funds were calculated using the published market price per unit at the reporting date multiplied by the number of units held at the reporting date. See the table that follows the financial instrument descriptions for the reported fair value of long-term investments.

The fair value of debt with original maturities greater than one year comprised the combined present values of scheduled principal and interest payments for each of the various loans, individually discounted at rates equivalent to those which could be obtained by the Company for new debt issues with durations equal to the average life to maturity of each loan. The fair values

of the remaining Company debt obligations approximated their carrying values due to the short-term nature of the debt. The Company’s fair value measurements for debt fall within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the fair values and related carrying values of debt, including current maturities, were as follows (the fair value and carrying value amounts are presented without regard to unamortized debt issuance costs of ~~$1,113,000~~$938,000 and ~~$987,000~~$978,000 as of March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively):

The following tables present financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis at fair value as of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall:

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risk managed by the use of derivative instruments is foreign currency exchange risk. The Company holds forward foreign currency exchange contracts that are not designated as any type of accounting hedge as defined by GAAP. The Company uses these contracts to manage its exposure to exchange rate fluctuations on certain Company subsidiary cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other obligation balances that are denominated in currencies other than the entities’ functional currencies. The forward foreign exchange contracts are recognized on the balance sheet as either an asset or a liability measured at fair value. Gains and losses arising from recording the foreign exchange contracts at fair value are reported in earnings as offsets to the losses and gains reported in earnings arising from the re-measurement of the asset and liability balances into the applicable functional currencies. At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company had open forward foreign currency exchange contracts, all with durations of one to three months, to buy or sell foreign currencies with U.S. dollar equivalent amounts of ~~$52,718,000~~$24,164,006 and ~~$41,197,000,~~$28,870,081, respectively.

The fair values of the derivative instruments held by the Company on March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, are disclosed in Note 3.4. Derivative instrument gains and losses for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, were immaterial. For amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) into earnings for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, see Note ~~10.~~12.

On March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company had ~~stock options and stock awards outstanding under its 2006 Incentive Compensation Plan and~~ stock options, stock awards and stock appreciation rights (SARs) outstanding under its 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan. SARs granted prior to 2015 are cash-settled, and SARs granted after 2014 are stock-settled. Stock options and SARs granted prior to 2017 generally cliff vested after two years. Starting in 2017, stock options and SARs

have a three-year graded vesting feature, with one-third of the awards vesting each year. The Company has elected the straight-line method of expense attribution for the stock options and SARs with the graded vesting feature.

Compensation expense recorded for all stock options, stock awards and SARs was as follows:

The ~~year-over-year~~quarter-over-quarter increase in stock-based compensation expense was primarily attributable to cash-settled SARs. The quarterly increase in cash-settled SARs compensation expense ~~increased due to an increase in the fair values of cash-settled SARs that resulted from~~reflects a larger rise in the market value of Company ~~common~~ stock during the first quarter of ~~2018. The market value of Company common stock decreased during~~2019 versus the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018. This increase was partially offset by a quarter-over-quarter decrease in stock-based compensation expense related to performance stock awards.

Unrecognized compensation costs for stock options, stock awards and SARs were as follows:

The increases in unrecognized compensation costs for stock options, stock awards and SARs reflected the ~~2018~~2019 grants of:

The unrecognized compensation costs at March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, are expected to be recognized over weighted-average periods of ~~2.4 years, 2.0 years and 2.4~~2.2 years for stock options, stock awards and ~~SARs, respectively.~~SARs.

The composition of inventories at March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, was as follows:

~~Inventories are priced primarily using~~Effective January 1, 2019, the ~~last-in, first-out~~Company elected to change its method of accounting for U.S. inventories from the LIFO basis to the FIFO basis. Non-U.S. inventories have historically been maintained on the FIFO basis. Prior period financial statements have been adjusted to reflect what results would have been had the Company always used the FIFO method of inventory valuation ~~method. If~~for U.S. inventories. See Note 2 for additional details.

The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), on January 1, 2019. This new accounting standard requires a dual approach for lessee accounting whereby a lessee accounts for lease arrangements as either finance leases or operating leases. The lease classification affects the ~~first-in, first-out inventory valuation method had~~pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The most significant impact of adopting ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) is that a lessee is now required to recognize a “right-of-use” (ROU) asset and corresponding lease liability for operating lease agreements. ROU assets represent a right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating leases are expensed on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease beginning on the date the Company takes possession of the property.

As the Company elected to apply the standard at adoption as allowed under ASU No. 2018-11, the Company did not retrospectively adjust prior periods presented. The Company elected the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from lease components for all asset classes and the practical expedient which permits a Company to not reassess prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classifications and initial direct costs. The Company did not elect the use-of-hindsight or the practical expedient pertaining to land easements, the latter not being applicable to the Company. In addition, the Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off the balance sheet. Upon adoption of ASC 842, the Company recognized $42.4 million of ROU assets and related operating lease liabilities on its balance sheet. There was no cumulative catch-up adjustment made to beginning retained earnings.

Significant judgments used by the Company to determine whether a contract is or contains a lease include: (i) determining whether any explicitly or implicitly identified assets have been identified in the contract and (ii) determining whether the Company obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the underlying asset and directs how and for what purpose the asset is used during the term of the contract.

The Company’s operating leases are primarily comprised of railcars, real estate, storage tanks, autos, trailers and manufacturing/office equipment. Railcars and real estate comprise approximately 49 percent and 36 percent, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated ROU asset balance. With the exception of real estate, typical lease terms range from one to ten years. Real estate lease terms typically range from one to fifty years. The Company’s two principal real estate leases relate to land leases in the Philippines and Singapore. The Company is not currently party to any leases that have not commenced but that have created significant rights and obligations for the Company.

Variability associated with the Company’s lease obligations typically relates to: (i) additional charges based on usage (i.e. railcar mileage in excess of a specified amount) and, (ii) periodic increases associated with Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) changes (i.e. land rental payments). Appropriate CPI indexes at the inception of a lease are reflected in the Company’s lease liability balances whereas variability based on usage is typically excluded from lease liability amounts. Some of the Company’s leases include options to extend the lease term but these are typically not recognized as part of the ROU asset or lease liability at inception unless it is reasonably certain the renewal option will be exercised. Determining whether a renewal option is reasonably certain to be exercised requires judgment based on the existing facts and circumstances as well as expectations about future business needs. Renewal options are typically re-assessed within one year or less prior to lease termination when the Company is able to more accurately forecast future business needs. Some of the Company’s lease contracts include options to terminate leases early but these are typically not considered unless it is reasonably certain the early termination option will be exercised. The Company’s leases do not typically carry any residual value guarantees and typically payment is not considered probable when such guarantees are included in the contract.

Initial implementation of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) did not impact compliance with any of the Company’s debt-covenants nor is it expected to in the future. The majority of the Company’s debt agreements contain language that excludes the impact of any new GAAP accounting change.

As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit borrowing rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate (IBR) based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. IBRs were specifically determined for the United States, the Philippines, Singapore and China, typically for five-year increments. The U.S. IBR was used for all ~~inventories, inventory balances would have been~~other countries as the leases in these countries are not material. The total value of leases that reside in the four countries identified above represents approximately ~~$35,145,000 and $33,518,000 higher than reported~~93 percent of the Company’s consolidated ROU asset balance.

As required in transition, the table below summarizes the Company’s future minimum lease payments at ~~March~~December 31, 2018 ~~and December 31, 2017, respectively.~~under ASC 840.

There are a variety of legal proceedings pending or threatened against the ~~Company.~~Company that occur in the normal course of the Company’s business, the majority of which relate to environmental matters. Some of these proceedings may result in fines, penalties, judgments or costs being assessed against the Company at some future time. The Company’s operations are subject to extensive local, state and federal regulations, including the U.S. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and the Superfund amendments of 1986 (Superfund) as well as ~~similar~~comparable regulations ~~in other countries where~~applicable to the ~~Company operates.~~Company’s foreign locations. Over the years, the Company has received requests for information related to or has been named by the government authorities as a potentially responsible party (PRP) at a number of ~~waste disposal~~ sites where cleanup costs have been or may be incurred under CERCLA and similar state statutes. In addition, damages are being claimed against the Company in general liability actions for alleged personal injury or property damage in the case of some disposal and plant sites. The Company believes that it has made adequate provisions for the costs it ~~may~~is likely to incur with respect to these sites.

As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company estimated a range of possible environmental and legal losses of ~~$23.9~~$23.4 million to ~~$45.2~~$44.7 million. ~~At March 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017,~~Within the ~~Company’s accrued liability for such losses, which represented the Company’s best estimate within the estimated~~ range of possible environmental and legal losses, ~~was $23.9~~currently management has concluded that there are no amounts within the ranges that are more likely to occur than any other amounts in the ranges and, thus, has accrued at the lower end of the ranges; that accrual totaled $23.4 million at both March 31, 2019 and ~~$24.2 million, respectively.~~December 31, 2018. Cash ~~outlays~~expenditures related to legal and environmental matters approximated $0.2 million ~~and $0.4 million~~ for each of the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017, respectively.~~ 2018.

possibility of other viable entities’ responsibilities for cleanup, and the extended period over which any costs would be incurred, management believes that the Company ~~believes~~has no liability at these sites and that these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position. However, in the event of one or more adverse determinations with respect to such sites in any annual or interim period, the effect on the Company’s cash flows and results of operations for those periods could be material.

Following are summaries of the material contingencies at March 31, ~~2018:~~2019:

The Company’s property in Maywood, New Jersey and property formerly owned by the Company adjacent to its current site and other nearby properties (Maywood site) were listed on the National Priorities List in September 1993 pursuant to the provisions of CERCLA because of certain alleged chemical contamination. Pursuant to an Administrative Order on Consent entered into between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the Company for property formerly owned by the Company, and the issuance of an order by USEPA to the Company for property currently owned by the Company, the Company has completed various Remedial Investigation Feasibility Studies (RI/FS), and on September 24, 2014, the USEPA issued its Record of Decision (ROD) for chemically-contaminated soil. ~~The~~ USEPA has not yet issued a ROD for chemically-contaminated groundwater for the Maywood site. Based on the most current information available, the Company believes its recorded liability ~~represents its best estimate~~is reasonable having considered the range of ~~the~~estimated cost of remediation for the Maywood site. The ~~best~~ estimate of the cost of remediation for the Maywood site could change as the Company continues to hold discussions with ~~the~~ USEPA, as the design of the remedial action progresses, if a groundwater ROD is issued or if other PRPs are identified. The ultimate amount for which the Company is liable could differ from the Company’s current recorded liability.

In April 2015, the Company entered into an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Administrative Order on Consent with ~~the~~ USEPA which requires payment of certain costs and performance of certain investigative and design work for chemically-contaminated soil. Based on the Company’s review and analysis of this order, no changes to the Company’s recorded liability for claims associated with soil remediation of chemical contamination were required.

In addition, under the terms of a settlement agreement reached on November 12, 2004, the ~~U. S.~~U.S. Department of Justice and the Company agreed to fulfill the terms of a Cooperative Agreement reached in 1985 under which the United States will take title to and responsibility for radioactive waste removal at the Maywood site, including past and future remediation costs incurred by the United States. As such, the Company recorded no liability related to this settlement agreement.

During the mid-1970’s, Jerome Lightman and the Lightman Drum Company disposed of hazardous substances at several sites in New Jersey. The Company was named as a PRP in a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey that involved the D’Imperio Property Site located in New Jersey. In 2016, the PRPs were provided with updated remediation cost estimates, which were considered in the Company’s determination of its range of estimated possible losses and liability balance. The changes in range of possible losses and liability balance were immaterial. Remediation work is continuing at this site. Based on current information, the Company believes that its recorded liability ~~represents its best estimate~~is reasonable having considered the range of ~~the~~estimated cost of remediation for the D’Imperio site. Depending on the ultimate cost of the remediation at this site, the amount for which the Company is liable could differ from the current estimates.

The Company is currently contractually obligated to contribute to the response costs associated with the Company’s formerly-owned site in Wilmington, Massachusetts. Remediation at this site is being managed by its current owner, to whom the Company sold the property in 1980. Under the agreement, once total site remediation costs exceed certain levels, the Company is obligated to contribute up to five percent of future response costs associated with this site with no limitation on the ultimate amount of contributions. The Company has paid the current owner ~~$2.6~~$2.7 million for the Company’s portion of environmental response costs through March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The Company has recorded a liability for its portion of the estimated remediation costs for the site. Depending on the ultimate cost of the remediation at this site, the amount for which the Company is liable could differ from the current estimates.

The Company and other prior owners also entered into an agreement in April 2004 waiving certain statute of limitations defenses for claims which may be filed by the Town of Wilmington, Massachusetts, in connection with this site. While the Company has denied any liability for any such claims, the Company agreed to this waiver while the parties continue to discuss the resolution of any potential claim which may be filed.

Through the regular environmental monitoring of its plant production sites, the Company discovered levels of chemical contamination that were above thresholds allowed by law at two of its U.S plants. The Company voluntarily reported its results to the applicable state environmental agencies. As a result, the Company is required to perform self-remediation of the affected areas. In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company recognized a charge for the estimated cost of remediating the sites. Based on

current information, the Company believes that its recorded liability for the remediation of the affected areas is ~~adequate.~~appropriate based on estimate of expected costs. However, actual costs could differ from current estimates.

The Company sponsors various funded qualified and unfunded non-qualified defined benefit pension plans, the most significant of which cover employees in the U.S. and U.K. locations. The U.S. and U.K. defined benefit pension plans are frozen and service benefits are no longer being accrued.

~~In the first quarter of 2018, the Company implemented ASU No. 2017-07,~~ ~~Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost~~, which amended the guidance for the presentation of the components of net periodic cost in the income statement. The guidance requires the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to be included in employee compensation costs in the income statement and all other components elsewhere in the income statement outside of income from operations. The Company does not have a service component of the net periodic benefit cost because the defined benefit plans (both U.S. and U.K. locations) are frozen. The other components of net periodic benefit cost such as interest cost, amortization of net actuarial loss and expected return on plan assets are included in the line item Other, net within Other Income (Expense) section of the Income statement. See Note 14 for more details.

As a result of pension funding relief provisions included in the Highway and Transportation Funding Act of 2014, the Company is not required to make contributions to the funded U.S. qualified defined benefit plans. Approximately $312,000 is expected to be paid related to the unfunded non-qualified plans in ~~2018.~~2019. Of such amount, $143,000 had been paid related to the non-qualified plans as of March 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

The Company’s U.K. subsidiary expects to contribute approximately ~~$500,000~~$476,000 to its defined benefit pension plan in ~~2018.~~2019. Of such amount, ~~$138,000~~$173,000 had been contributed to the plan as of March 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

The Company sponsors retirement savings defined contribution plans that cover eligible U.S. and U.K. employees. The Company’s U.S. retirement plans include two qualified plans, one of which is a 401(k) plan and one of which is an employee stock ownership plan, and one non-qualified supplemental executive plan. ~~Historically,~~In the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company ~~has~~ made profit sharing contributions into the qualified retirement plans for ~~its~~ U.S. employees and for certain non-U.S. employees. Profit sharing contributions were determined ~~each year~~ using a formula ~~that was~~ applied to Company earnings. ~~The~~In 2018, profit sharing contributions ~~which~~for U.S. employees, who received the majority of profit sharing contributions, were made partly in cash paid to the 401(k) plan and partly in Company common ~~stock,~~stock. In 2019, profit sharing contributions were made in Company common stock. Profit sharing contributions are allocated to participant accounts on the basis of participant base earnings.

Defined contribution plan expenses for the Company’s ~~retirement savings and profit sharing~~qualified contribution plans were as follows:

The Company has a rabbi trust to fund the obligations of its non-qualified supplemental executive defined contribution plans (supplemental plans). The trust comprises various mutual fund investments selected by the participants of the supplemental plans. In accordance with the accounting guidance for rabbi trust arrangements, the assets of the trust and the obligations of the supplemental plans are reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company elected the fair value option for the mutual fund investment assets so that offsetting changes in the mutual fund values and defined contribution plan obligations would be recorded in earnings in the same period. Therefore, the mutual funds are reported at fair value with any subsequent changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of income. The liabilities related to the supplemental plans increase (i.e., supplemental plan expense is recognized) when the value of the trust assets appreciates and decrease when the value of the trust assets declines (i.e., supplemental plan income is recognized). At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the balance of the trust assets was ~~$1,641,000,~~$1,677,000, which equaled the balance of the supplemental plan liabilities (see the long-term investments section in Note 34 for further information regarding the Company’s mutual fund assets).

Below are the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017:~~2018:

⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾ Options/SARs to acquire ~~2,807~~214,241 and ~~74,521~~2,807 shares of Company common stock were excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and March 31, ~~2017,~~2018, because the effect of including the instruments would have been antidilutive.

In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-02, the Company reclassified $5,325,000 of other comprehensive loss, associated with post retirement plans, from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings effective January 1, 2019. Below is the change in the Company’s AOCI balance by component (net of income taxes) for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017:~~2018:

Information regarding the reclassifications out of AOCI for the three month periods ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, is displayed below:

The Company has three reportable segments: Surfactants, Polymers and Specialty Products. Net sales by segment for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, were as follows:

Segment operating income and reconciliations of segment operating income to consolidated income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, are summarized below:

⁽¹⁾ The 2018 amounts for the noted line items have been changed from the amounts originally reported as a result of the Company’s first quarter 2019 change in method of accounting for U.S. inventory valuation from LIFO to FIFO.

⁽²⁾ ~~The 2017 data has been immaterially changed from the amounts originally reported as a result of the Company’s first quarter 2018 adoption of ASU No. 2017-7,~~ ~~Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.~~

In the majority of instances the Company deems a contract with a customer to exist when a purchase order is received from a customer for a specified quantity of product or products and the Company acknowledges receipt of such purchase order. In some instances the Company has entered into manufacturing supply agreements with customers but these agreements typically do not bind a customer to any purchase volume requirements and thus an obligation is not created until the customer submits a purchase order to the Company. The Company’s contracts typically have a single performance obligation that is satisfied at the time a product is ~~shipped.~~shipped and control passes to the customer. For a small portion of the business, performance obligations are deemed satisfied when product is delivered to a customer location. Revenue is recognized when performance obligations under terms of a contract with a customer have been satisfied, which is predominantly at a point in time. With the 2018 adoption of ASU 2014-09, revenue is currently recognized when a customer obtains control of a product as compared to the “risk and rewards” criteria used in prior years. However, the adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations during the first quarter of 2018.

Payment terms on sales of product typically range from 30 to 60 days and ordinarily do not exceed 75 days. As a result, the Company has concluded it does not provide any significant benefits of financing to its customers.

The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill a promise to transfer the good. As such, shipping and handling fees billed to customers in a sales transaction are recorded in Net Sales and shipping and handling costs incurred are recorded in Cost of Sales. The Company has elected to exclude from Net Sales any value added, sales and other taxes that it collects concurrently with revenue producing activities. These accounting policy elections are consistent with the manner in which the Company has historically recorded shipping and handling fees and taxes.

In some instances, a customer may qualify for a rebate based on the volume of purchases made over a specified period of time, typically a quarterly or annual period. The Company estimates the expected volume of total purchases using actual volumes, customer projections and historical order patterns and accrues for these rebates based on the best available information at the time. These estimated rebates are treated as a reduction to Net Sales with the offset being recognized within Current Liabilities. This methodology is consistent with the manner in which the Company has historically estimated and recorded volume based rebates. In other instances, discounts for early payments are offered to certain customers. These discounts are principally accrued for based on a customer’s historical use of discounts. These estimated early payment discounts are accounted for similarly to volume rebates. These forms of variable consideration are considered part of the transaction price.

The Company warrants its products from defects. The Company has concluded that these represent assurance-type warranties as opposed to service-type warranties. Product defects are rare in occurrence. As a result, the Company does not maintain any warranty accruals until such time as it is probable a product defect exists.

As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company did not have any contract assets or contract liabilities. A contract liability would typically arise when an advance or deposit is received from a customer before the Company recognizes revenue. In practice, this is extremely rare as it would require a customer to make a payment prior to a performance obligation being satisfied. If such a situation did arise the Company would maintain a deferred revenue liability until the time a performance obligation has been satisfied. The Company did not recognize any revenue in the current period from any pre-existing contract liability balance.

The tables below provides a geographic disaggregation of net sales for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017.~~2018. The Company’s business segmentation by geographic region most effectively captures the nature and economic characteristics of the Company’s revenue streams impacted by economic factors. ~~This regional data is the predominant information used by senior management to assess the financial performance of operating segments and make resource allocation decisions.~~

At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, debt comprised the following:

~~On January 30, 2018, the~~The Company ~~entered into~~has a ~~five year~~ committed ~~$350 million~~$350,000,000 multi-currency revolving credit ~~facility~~agreement that ~~matures~~expires on January 30, 2023 with a syndicate of banks. This credit facility replaced the Company’s prior $125 million credit agreement. The Company’s outstanding Note Purchase Agreements were amended effective January 30, 2018 to make certain covenants consistent with those included in the credit agreement.2023. The Company maintains standby letters of credit under its workers’ compensation insurance agreements and for other purposes, as needed from time to time, which are issued under the revolving credit agreement. As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company had outstanding letters of credit totaling ~~$4,927,000~~$5,271,000 and no outstanding debt under this agreement. There was ~~$345,073,000~~$344,729,000 available under the revolving credit agreement as of March 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

The Company’s loan agreements contain provisions which, among others, require maintenance of certain financial ratios and place limitations on additional debt, investments and payment of dividends. Based on the loan agreement provisions that place limitations on dividend payments, unrestricted retained earnings (i.e., retained earnings available for dividend distribution) were ~~$136,167,000~~$235,249,000 and ~~$190,495,000~~$214,101,000 at March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

~~Based on requirements of ASU No. 2017-07,~~ ~~Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,~~ ~~the Company reclassified Net periodic benefit cost outside of income from operations. See Note 8 for more details for the components of Net periodic benefit cost~~.

In the first quarter of 2019, the Company approved a plan to close its Specialty Products office in the Netherlands and eliminate five positions from the site’s supply chain, quality control and research and development areas. This planned reduction in positions was made to better align the number of personnel with current business requirements and reduce costs at the site. As a result, severance and early lease termination expenses of $396,000 and $79,000, respectively, were recognized during the first quarter of 2019.

During the third quarter of 2018, the Company approved a plan to shut down Surfactant operations at its German plant site. As of March 31, 2019, an aggregate of $1,591,000 shut down related expense has been recognized at the site. This aggregate expense is comprised of $1,404,000 of asset and spare part write downs recognized in 2018 and $187,000 of decommissioning costs recognized in the first quarter of 2019. Decommissioning costs associated with the shutdown are expected to continue throughout the remainder of 2019.

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company approved a plan to restructure a portion of its Fieldsboro, New Jersey production facility. As a result, the Company recorded $915,000 of restructuring expense which reflected termination benefits for select plant employees. In the first quarter of 2019, the Company recognized a $251,000 favorable adjustment to the amount of termination benefits initially recorded.

In May 2016, the Company announced plans to shut down its Longford Mills, Ontario, Canada (Longford Mills) manufacturing facility, a part of the Surfactant reportable segment, by December 31, 2016. The shutdown plan was ~~developed as an effort~~implemented to improve the Company’s asset utilization in North America and to reduce the Company’s fixed cost base. Manufacturing operations of the Longford Mills plant ceased by the end of 2016, and production of goods manufactured at the facility was transferred to other Company North American production sites. Decommissioning of the assets is expected to continue throughout ~~2018.~~2019. As of March 31, ~~2018, $5,197,000~~2019, $6,346,000 of aggregate restructuring expense has been recognized, reflecting $1,594,000 of termination benefits for approximately 30 employees and ~~$3,603,000~~$4,752,000 for other expenses, principally ~~asset~~site decommissioning costs.

Below is a reconciliation of the December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and the March 31, ~~2018~~2019 restructuring liabilities:

On March 26, 2018, the Company through a subsidiary in Mexico closed on a previously announced agreement with BASF Mexicana, S.A.DE ~~C.V.to~~C.V. (BASF) to acquire their surfactants production facility in Ecatepec, Mexico and a portion of their associated surfactants business. The facility is located close to Mexico City and has over 50,000 metric tons of capacity, 124,000 square footage of warehouse space, a large laboratory and office space. The acquired assets and business are included in the Company’s Surfactants segment. The purchase price of the acquisition was ~~$21,475,000~~$22,852,000 and was paid with cash on hand. The primary assets acquired were land, buildings, machinery and equipment and inventory. The acquisition was accounted for

as a business combination, and, accordingly, the assets acquired were measured and recorded at their estimated fair values. No intangible assets were identified as part of the acquisition. The ~~purchase price allocations are preliminary as of March 31, 2018 because~~following table summarizes the ~~valuations necessary to assess the fair values of net~~ assets acquired ~~are still in process.~~as a result of the acquisition:

The acquired business ~~is expected to have~~had minimal impact on the Company’s 2018 financial results. Pro forma financial information for the first quarter 2017 and 2018 has not been included because revenues and earnings of the Company would not have been significantly different than reported had the acquisition date been January 1, 2017.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act). The Tax Act made broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code. For various reasons that are discussed more fully below, we have not completed our accounting for the income tax effects of certain elements of the Tax Act. If we were able to make reasonable estimates of the effects of elements for which our analysis is not yet complete, we recorded provisional adjustments. If we were not yet able to make reasonable estimates of the impact of certain elements, we have not recorded any adjustments related to those elements and have continued accounting for them in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of the tax laws in effect before the Tax Act.

Our accounting for the Tax Act is incomplete. As noted at year-end, we were able to reasonably estimate certain effects and, therefore, recorded the provisional adjustments related to the following:

~~Reduction of U.S. federal corporate tax rate:~~ The Tax Act reduced the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. We recorded a provisional adjustment for certain of our deferred tax assets and liabilities associated with the tax rate reduction for the year ended December 31, 2017.

We have not made any additional measurement-period adjustments in the quarter because such adjustments may be affected by other analyses related to the Tax Act, including, but not limited to, our calculation of deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income and the state tax effect of adjustments made to federal temporary differences. However, we are continuing to gather additional information to complete our accounting for this item and expect to complete our accounting within the prescribed measurement period.

~~Deemed Repatriation Transition Tax:~~ The Transition Tax is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits of certain of our foreign subsidiaries. We recorded a provisional Transition Tax obligation for the year ended December 31, 2017.

We have not made any additional measurement-period adjustments in the quarter because we are continuing to gather additional information to more precisely compute the amount of the Transition Tax. However, we expect to complete our accounting within the prescribed measurement period.

Our accounting for the Tax Act is incomplete. As noted at year-end, we were not yet able to reasonably estimate the effects for the following items: Therefore, no provisional adjustments were recorded:

~~Global intangible low taxed income (GILTI):~~ The Tax Act requires the Company to include certain income (GILTI) of its foreign subsidiaries in gross income. The amount of this inclusion is determined under complex rules, and depends, in part, on the character of income earned by the foreign subsidiaries, the tax bases of those subsidiaries’ assets and the amount of certain interest expenses.

Under U.S. GAAP, we are allowed to make an accounting policy choice of either (1) treating taxes due on future income inclusions related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred (the period cost method) or (2) accounting for such amounts in measuring deferred taxes (the deferred method). Our selection of an accounting policy with respect to the new GILTI tax rules will depend, in part, on analyzing our global income to determine whether we expect to have future income inclusions related to GILTI and, if so, what the impact is expected to be. These determinations depend not only on our current structure and estimated future results of global operations but also our intent and ability to modify our structure and/or our business. Therefore, we have not made any adjustments or estimates related to any potential deferred tax liabilities related to GILTI in our financial statements and have not made a policy decision regarding whether to record deferred tax liabilities related to GILTI.

~~Deductibility of Executive Compensation:~~ The Tax Act amended certain aspects of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code (Section 162(m)), which generally disallows a tax deduction for annual compensation paid to “covered employees” in excess of $1 million, including eliminating an exception to the deduction limit for “qualified performance-based compensation,” effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The Tax Act provides for a grandfather provision, pursuant to which remuneration that is provided pursuant to a written binding contract in effect on November 2, 2017, and which has not been modified in any material respect on or after that date, will not be subject to the amendments made to Section 162(m) by the Tax Act and will remain eligible for deduction as qualified performance-based compensation. To the extent available, we intend to continue to treat “qualified performance-based compensation” that is grandfathered under the Tax Act as deductible compensation. We have not yet completed our evaluation of our existing compensation arrangements to determine whether any amounts payable to our Section 162(m) covered employees may continue to constitute qualified performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) and qualify under the grandfather provision. Therefore, we have not made any adjustments or estimates related to any potential tax liabilities in our financial statements related to the amendments to Section 162(m).

~~Cost recovery:~~ We have not yet completed all of the computations necessary or completed an inventory of our 2017 expenditures that qualify for immediate expensing. Therefore, we have not made any adjustments or estimates related to any potential tax liabilities in our financial statements related to immediate expensing.

~~Valuation allowances:~~ The Company must assess whether valuation allowances assessments are affected by various aspects of the Tax Act (e.g., GILTI inclusions and new categories of foreign tax credits). Because, as discussed herein, the Company

has recorded no amounts related to certain portions of the Tax Act, any corresponding determination of the need for or change in a valuation allowance has not been completed and no changes to valuation allowances as a result of the Tax Act have been recorded.

In ~~May 2014,~~February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) ~~issued ASU No. 2014-9,~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new update was later amended by ASU No. 2015-14,~~ ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date~~. The standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. In addition, the ASU requires expanded disclosures about revenue recognition that enable the users of the financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes most of the previous revenue recognition guidance. For public entities, the new guidance, as amended, is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. On January, 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-9, which did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company has added Note 12 – ~~Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~ ~~to comply with the expanded disclosure requirements of ASU No. 2014-9.~~

~~In February 2016, the FASB~~ issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842). This guidance requires a dual approach for lessee accounting whereby a lessee will account for lease arrangements with terms greater than 12 months as either finance leases or operating leases. Both finance leases and operating leases ~~will be~~are recognized on the lessee’s balance sheet as right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities, with differing methodologies for income statement recognition. In addition, the ASU requires expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the Company’s lease arrangements. This guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. A modified retrospective approach is required for all leases existing or entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the consolidated financial statements. Most of the Company’s operating leases will be required to be placed on the balance sheet. The ~~Company is assessing the quantitative~~most significant impact ~~that adoption~~ of ASU No. 2016-2, ~~will~~Leases (Topic 842) is that a lessee is required to recognize a “right-of-use” asset and corresponding lease liability for operating leases agreements. The Company adopted the new lease standard on January 1, 2019 by recognizing lease assets and the corresponding lease liabilities. The adoption of these guidelines did not have an impact on ~~its financial position,~~retained earnings, the Company’s results of operations ~~and~~or cash ~~flows.~~

~~In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15,~~ ~~Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments~~, which adds or clarifies guidance on the classification of eight specific types of cash flows. The update is intended to reduce the existing diversity in practice with respect to the specific cash flow items. The amendments in ASU No. 2016-15 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-15, which had an immaterial impact on the cash flow presentation andflows, but it did ~~not impact the Company’s financial position or results of operations.~~

~~In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16,~~ ~~Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory~~. The update requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Current accounting guidance prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. The amendments in ASU No. 2016-16 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an annual reporting period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance. That is, earlier adoption should be in the first interim period if an entity issues interim financial statements. The amendments in this update should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-16, which did not have a material ~~effect~~impact on ~~the Company’s financial position or results of operations and cash flows.~~

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-4, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. When an indication of impairment was identified after performing the first step of the goodwill impairment test, Step 2 required that an entity determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) using the same procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Under the amendments in ASU No. 2017-4, an entity would perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value. An entity would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. In addition, an entity must consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. ~~A public business entity that~~The Company is ~~a SEC filer should~~required to adopt the amendments in ASU No. 2017-4 for its annual, or any interim, goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. It is not expected that the adoption of the guidance in ASU No. 2017-4 will have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

~~In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No.2017-1, Business Combination (Topic 805):~~ ~~Clarifying the Definition of a Business,~~ with the objective of adding guidance to assist with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as an acquisition (or disposal) of assets or a business. This Update provides criteria to help determine when a set of assets and activities comprise a business as opposed to an acquisition of assets. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-1, which did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

~~In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-7,~~ ~~Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost~~, which amends existing guidance for the income statement presentation of the components of net periodic benefit cost for an entity’s sponsored defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. The amended guidance requires entities to include the current service component of net periodic benefit cost in employee compensation costs in the income statement and to include all other components elsewhere in the income statement outside of income from operations. In addition, only the service cost component of net benefit cost is eligible for capitalization. For the Company, ASU No. 2017-7 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017, with early adoption permitted as of the beginning of any annual period for which an entity’s financial statements have not been issued. The requirements for the separate presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic benefit cost must be adopted on a retrospective basis. The requirement to capitalize only the service component of net periodic benefit cost must be adopted on a prospective basis. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-7, which did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or cash flows but affected the presentation of the Company’s results of operations. For amounts reclassified on the Company’s statements of the results of operations, see Note 8 and Note 14.

~~In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12,~~ ~~Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities~~, which amends previous guidance regarding hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements. The updated guidance alters the hedge accounting model to make achieving hedge accounting easier for an entity and to have such accounting better reflect an entity’s risk management activities. ASU No. 2017-12 also adds new, and amends previous, disclosure requirements. For the Company, ASU No. 2017-12 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. Entities must apply a modified retrospective approach to existing hedging relationships as of the adoption date. At present, because the Company has not entered into any transactions designated as accounting hedges, adoption of ASU No. 2017-12 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

~~In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01,~~ ~~Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842~~, which permits an entity to select an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate under Topic 842 existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under the current leases guidance in Topic 840. An entity that elects this practical expedient should apply the practical expedient consistently to all of its existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840. Once an entity adopts Topic 842, it should apply that Topic prospectively to all new (or modified) land easements to determine whether the arrangement should be accounted for as a lease. An entity that does not elect this practical expedient should evaluate all existing or expired land easements in connection with the adoption of the new lease requirements in Topic 842 to assess whether they meet the definition of a lease. An entity should continue to apply its current accounting policy for accounting for land easements that existed before the entity’s adoption of Topic 842. This update is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is assessing the quantitative impact that adoption of ASU No. 2018-01 will have on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which permits a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax ~~Cuts and Jobs~~ Act. Consequently, the ~~Update~~update eliminates the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax ~~Cuts and Jobs~~ Act and ~~will~~should improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax ~~Cuts and Jobs Acts,~~Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effects of the change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The amendments in this update also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. This update is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. ~~Early~~The Company adopted this guidance and recorded a $5,325,000 adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings with the corresponding offset to AOCI. See Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for more details.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This update modifies some disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements used for different levels of instruments in fair value hierarchy (Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3). The amendments in the update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this update is ~~permitted.~~not expected have an effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows but may impact the disclosures made for fair value measurements used by the Company.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20). This update removes some disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial and adds some disclosures about defined benefit plans that have been identified as relevant. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this update is not expected to have an effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows but will impact the disclosures made for the Company’s defined benefit retirement plans.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use software (Subtopic 350-40) Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract. This update aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This update requires the entity to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contact and which costs to expense over the term of the hosting contract. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is assessing the ~~quantitative~~ impact that adoption of ASU No. ~~2018-02~~2018-15 will have on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) of certain significant factors that have affected the Company’s financial condition and results of operations during the interim periods included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, other than purely historical information, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). These statements include statements about Stepan Company’s and its subsidiaries’ (the Company) plans, objectives, strategies, financial performance and outlook, trends, the amount and timing of future cash distributions, prospects or future events and involve known and unknown risks that are difficult to predict. As a result, the Company’s actual financial results, performance, achievements or prospects may differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “could,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “guidance,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “likely,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “illustrative” and variations of these terms and similar expressions, or the negative of these terms or similar expressions. Such forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by the Company and its management based on their knowledge and understanding of the business and industry, are inherently uncertain. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and stockholders should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. There are a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control, that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Such risks, uncertainties and other important factors, include, among others, the risks, uncertainties and factors set forth under “Part I-Item IA. Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 inclusive of: (a) the risks and uncertainties related to accidents, unplanned production shutdowns or disruptions in any of the Company’s manufacturing facilities; (b) global competition and the Company’s ability to successfully compete; (c) volatility of raw material, natural gas and electricity costs as well as any disruption in their supply; (d) disruptions in transportation or significant changes in transportation costs; (e) reduced demand for Company products due to customer product reformulations or new technologies; (f) the Company’s ability to make acquisitions of suitable candidates and successfully integrate acquisitions; (g) the Company’s ability to keep and protect its intellectual property rights; (h) international business risks, including fluctuations in currency exchange rates, legal restrictions and taxes; (i) potentially adverse tax consequences due to the international scope of the Company’s operations; (j) ~~the impact of changes in the tax code as a result of recent U.S. federal tax legislation and uncertainty as to how some of those changes may be applied; (k)~~ compliance with anti-corruption, environmental, health and safety and product registration laws; ~~(l) the Company’s inability to accurately estimate and maintain appropriate levels of recorded liabilities for existing and future contingencies; (m)~~(k) the Company’s ability to operate within the limitations of its debt covenants; ~~(n)~~(l) downgrades to the Company’s credit ratings or disruptions to the Company’s ability to access well-functioning capital markets; ~~(o)~~(m) downturns in certain industries and general economic downturns; ~~(p)~~(n) conflicts, military actions, terrorist attacks and general instability, particularly in certain energy-producing nations, along with increased security regulations; ~~(q)~~(o) cost overruns, delays and miscalculations in capacity needs with respect to the Company’s expansion or other capital projects; ~~(r)~~(p) interruption of, damage to or compromise of the Company’s IT systems and failure to maintain the integrity of customer, colleague or Company data; ~~(s)~~(q) unfavorable resolution of litigation against the Company; ~~(t)~~(r) and the Company’s ability to retain its executive management and other key personnel.

These factors are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause the Company’s actual financial results, performance, achievements or prospects to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any of its forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could harm the Company’s results. All forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on the Company’s behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements set forth above. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company does not undertake or assume any obligation to update publicly any of these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, new information or future events, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking statements, except to the extent required by applicable laws. If the Company updates one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that the Company will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. The “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” means Stepan Company and one or more of its subsidiaries only.

The Company produces and sells intermediate chemicals that are used in a wide variety of applications worldwide. The overall business comprises three reportable segments:

•

~~Surfactants – Surfactants, which accounted for 72~~

Surfactants – Surfactants, which accounted for 71 percent of Company consolidated net sales for the first quarter of 2019, are principal ingredients in consumer and industrial cleaning products such as detergents for washing clothes, dishes, carpets, floors and walls, as well as shampoos and body washes. Other applications include fabric softeners, germicidal quaternary compounds, lubricating ingredients, emulsifiers for spreading agricultural products and industrial applications such as latex systems, plastics and composites. Surfactants are manufactured at five sites in the United States, two European sites (United Kingdom and France), five Latin American sites (one site in Colombia and two sites in both Brazil and Mexico) and two Asian sites (Philippines and Singapore). Recent significant events include:

During January of 2019 the Company’s plant in Ecatepec, Mexico experienced a sulfonation equipment failure that contributed to a $2.3 million site operating loss in the first quarter of 2019. The Company’s insurance provider has acknowledged this incident is a covered event and the Company is pursuing insurance recovery for damaged equipment, incremental supply chain expenses and business interruption. This plant, and a portion of its related surfactant business, was acquired from BASF in March 2018 ~~are principal ingredients in consumer and industrial cleaning products such as detergents~~(see Note 18, Acquisition, for washing clothes, dishes, carpets, floors and walls, as well as shampoos and body washes. Other applications include fabric softeners, germicidal quaternary compounds, lubricating ingredients, emulsifiers for spreading agricultural products and industrial applications such as latex systems, plastics and composites. Surfactants are manufactured at five North American sites, three European sites (United Kingdom, France and Germany), five Latin American sites (one site in Colombia and two sites in Brazil and Mexico) and two Asian sites (Philippinesadditional details).

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company shut down Surfactant operations at its plant site in Germany. The Company ceased Surfactant production at this site to further reduce its fixed cost base, refocus Surfactant resources on higher margin end markets and ~~Singapore)~~allow for select assets to be repurposed to support future polyol growth. Decommissioning costs associated with the shutdown are expected to be incurred throughout 2019 (see Note 17, Business Restructuring, for additional details).

In 2016, the Company shut down its production facility in Canada, moving the production of goods previously manufactured in Canada to other Company North American production sites. Manufacturing operations at ~~that~~the facility ceased in the fourth quarter of 2016 but decommissioning activities were incurred in 2017 and 2018 and will continue throughout 2018. In March 2018, the Company’s subsidiary in Mexico acquired a production facility and a portion of its related surfactant business from BASF Mexicana, S.A. DE C.V. See the “2018 Acquisition” paragraph below2019 (see Note 17, Business Restructuring, for additional ~~details.~~details).

Polymers – Polymers, which accounted for 2425 percent of consolidated net sales for the first quarter of ~~2018,~~2019, include polyurethane polyols, polyester resins and phthalic anhydride. Polyurethane polyols are used in the manufacture of rigid foam for thermal insulation in the construction industry and are also a base raw material for coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers (collectively, CASE products). Powdered polyester resins are used in coating applications. CASE and powdered polyester resins are collectively referred to as specialty polyols. Phthalic anhydride is used in unsaturated polyester resins, alkyd resins and plasticizers for applications in construction materials and components of automotive, boating and other consumer products. In addition, the Company uses phthalic anhydride internally in the production of polyols. In the United States, polyurethane polyols and phthalic anhydride are manufactured at the Company’s Millsdale, Illinois, site and specialty polyols are manufactured at the Company’s Columbus, Georgia, site. In Europe, polyurethane polyols are manufactured by the Company’s subsidiary in Germany, and specialty polyols are manufactured by the Company’s Poland subsidiary. In China, polyurethane polyols and specialty polyols are manufactured at the Company’s Nanjing, China, plant.

Specialty Products – Specialty products, which accounted for four percent of consolidated net sales for the first quarter of ~~2018,~~2019, include flavors, emulsifiers and solubilizers used in food, flavoring, nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical applications. Specialty products are primarily manufactured at the Company’s Maywood, New Jersey, site and, in some instances, at outside contractors.

~~2018 Acquisition~~

During the first quarter of 2019 the Company approved a plan to close its Specialty Product office in the Netherlands and eliminate five positions from the site’s supply chain, quality control and research and development areas. This planned reduction in positions was made to better align the number of personnel with current business requirements and reduce costs at the site (see Note 17, Business Restructuring, for additional details).

Change in Accounting Principle

~~On March 26, 2018,~~During the ~~Company’s subsidiary in Mexico closed~~first quarter of 2019 the Company elected to change its method of accounting for U.S. inventory valuation from the LIFO basis to the FIFO basis. Non-U.S. inventories have historically been maintained on its previously announced agreement with BASF Mexicana, S.A. DE C.V. (BASF) to acquire BASF’s production facility in Ecatepec, Mexico, and a portion of its related surfactants business. The facility, which is near Mexico City, has over 50,000 metric tons of capacity, 124,000 square feet of warehouse space, a laboratory and office space. The acquisition supports the ~~Company’s growth strategy in Latin America.~~FIFO basis. The Company believes that this ~~acquisition should enhance~~change to the FIFO method of inventory valuation is preferable as it provides a better matching of costs with the physical flow of goods, more accurately reflects the current market value of inventory presented on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, standardizes the Company’s inventory valuation methodology and improves comparability with the Company’s industry peers. The Company has retrospectively applied this change to its ~~market position and supply capabilities for surfactants in Mexico and position the Company to grow in both the consumer and functional surfactants markets.~~prior year financial statement comparables. See Note 16 2, Change in Method of Accounting for Inventory Valuation, for additional details.

Deferred Compensation Plans

The accounting for the Company’s deferred compensation plans can cause period-to-period fluctuations in Company expenses and profits. Compensation expense results when the values of Company common stock and mutual fund investment assets held for the plans increase, and compensation income results when the values of Company common stock and mutual fund investment assets decline. The pretax effect of all deferred compensation-related activities (including realized and unrealized gains and losses on the mutual fund assets held to fund the deferred compensation obligations) and the income statement line items in which the effects of the activities were recorded are displayed in the following table:

	Income (Expense)									Income (Expense)
	For the Three Months Ended March 31									For the Three Months Ended March 31
(In millions)	2018			2017			Change			2019			2018			Change
Deferred Compensation (Operating expenses)	$	(1.6	)	$	(0.4	)	$	(1.2)	⁽¹⁾	$	(7.5	)	$	(1.6	)	$	(5.9)	⁽¹⁾
Realized/Unrealized Gains on Investments (Other, net)		0.1			1.6			(1.5)			2.3			0.1			2.2
Investment Income (Other, net)		0.1			0.1			—			0.1			0.1			—
Pretax Income Effect	$	(1.4	)	$	1.3		$	(2.7)		$	(5.1	)	$	(1.4	)	$	(3.7)

⁽¹⁾

See the ~~Corporate~~Segment Results-Corporate Expenses section of this MD&A for details regarding the quarter-over-quarter change in deferred compensation expense.

Effects of Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s foreign subsidiaries transact business and report financial results in their respective local currencies. As a result, foreign subsidiary income statements are translated into U.S. dollars at average foreign exchange rates appropriate for the reporting period. Because foreign exchange rates fluctuate against the U.S. dollar over time, foreign currency translation affects period-to-period comparisons of financial statement items (i.e., because foreign exchange rates fluctuate, similar period-to-period local currency results for a foreign subsidiary may translate into different U.S. dollar results). The following table presents the effects that foreign currency

translation had on the period-over-period changes in consolidated net sales and various income statement line items for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017:~~2018:

	Three Months Ended March 31									Three Months Ended March 31
								(Decrease)									(Decrease)
(In millions)	2018		2017⁽¹⁾		Increase (Decrease)			Due to Foreign Translation		2019		2018		(Decrease)			Due to Foreign Translation
Net Sales	$	499.3	$	468.3	$	31.0		$	17.6	$	489.2	$	499.3	$	(10.1	)	$	(16.2	)
Gross Profit		89.6		92.1		(2.5	)		2.1		84.6		91.2		(6.6	)		(2.2	)
Operating Income		39.7		46.2		(6.5	)		1.0		29.7		41.3		(11.6	)		(1.1	)
Pretax Income		37.7		44.3		(6.6	)		1.1		31.0		39.3		(8.3	)		(1.1	)

(1)

The ~~2017~~2018 gross profit, operating income and ~~operating~~pretax income line items have been ~~immaterially~~ changed from the amounts originally reported as a result of the Company’s first quarter ~~2018 adoption~~2019 change in method of ~~ASU No. 2017-07~~ accounting for U.S. inventory valuation from LIFO to FIFO~~Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715)~~.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018

Summary

Net income attributable to the Company for the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 decreased ~~four~~22 percent to ~~$30.7~~$25.0 million, or ~~$1.31~~$1.07 per diluted share, from ~~$31.9~~$39 million, or ~~$1.37~~$1.44 per diluted share, for the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018. Adjusted net income ~~increased one~~decreased nine percent to ~~$32.0~~$30.6 million, or ~~$1.37~~$1.31 per diluted share, from ~~$31.7~~$33.6 million, or ~~$1.36~~$1.44 per diluted share in ~~2017~~2018 (see the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Adjusted Net Income and Diluted Earnings per Share” section of this MD&A for a reconciliation between reported net income attributable to the Company and related earnings per diluted share and non-GAAP adjusted net income and related earnings per diluted share). Below is a summary discussion of the major factors leading to the quarter-over-quarter changes in net sales, profits and expenses. A detailed discussion of segment operating performance for the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 compared to the first quarter of ~~2017~~2018 follows the summary.

Consolidated net sales ~~increased $31.0~~decreased $10.2 million, or ~~seven~~two percent, between quarters. Higher average selling prices favorably impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales by $9.4 million. The increase in average selling prices was mostly attributable to the pass through of higher raw material costs within the Surfactants segment. Consolidated sales volume increased ~~one~~three percent, which had a ~~$4.0~~$15.8 million favorable impact on the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales. Sales volume increased ~~four percent and two percent~~ for each of the ~~Surfactants and Specialty Products segments, respectively. Sales volume declined nine percent for the Polymers segment.~~three segments. Foreign currency translation ~~positively affected~~negatively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales ~~change~~ by ~~$17.6~~$16.2 million.

The ~~favorable~~unfavorable foreign currency translation ~~effect~~impact reflected a ~~weaker~~stronger U.S. dollar against ~~the majority of~~all currencies for countries where the Company has foreign operations. ~~Unit margins improved for Surfactants and declined for Polymers and Specialty Products.~~Lower average selling prices unfavorably impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales by $9.8 million. The decrease in average selling prices was primarily due to the pass through of lower raw material costs.

Operating income for the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 decreased ~~$6.5~~$11.5 million, or 1428 percent, compared to operating income ~~reported~~ for the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018. Most of this ~~decrease~~decline was related to higher ~~2018~~ deferred compensation expense which increased $5.9 million quarter-over-quarter. Operating income for the Polymer and ~~lower Polymers~~Surfactant segments declined $5.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively. Specialty Product operating income ~~which increased by $1.2~~improved $3.5 million. Business restructuring expenses were $0.4 million higher in the current year quarter and corporate expenses (excluding deferred compensation and business restructuring expense) declined by ~~$4.5~~$0.7 million. Foreign currency translation had a $1.1 million ~~respectively. The Polymers segment~~unfavorable effect on quarter-over-quarter consolidated operating ~~income decline was primarily due to lower sales volume and unit margins in North America and Europe.~~income.

Operating expenses (including deferred compensation ~~expense~~ and business restructuring ~~expenses)~~expense) increased ~~$4.0~~$5.0 million, or ~~nine~~ten percent, between quarters. Changes in the individual income statement line items that comprise the Company’s operating expenses were as follows:

Selling expenses ~~increased $1.4~~decreased $0.9 million, or 11six percent, ~~quarter over quarter mostly~~quarter-over-quarter primarily due to ~~higher~~lower bad debt provision expense ~~($0.8 million). The increase~~ in ~~bad debt provision expense was primarily due to increased collection risk related to a specific customer.~~2019.

Administrative expenses ~~increased $1.5~~decreased $0.1 million, or ~~nine~~one percent, quarter over quarter primarily due to higher U.S. legal and fringe benefit expenses. A portion of the legal increase related to the first quarter acquisition in Mexico. The fringe benefit increase was primarily due to higher stock-based compensation expense.quarter-over-quarter.

Research, development and technical service (R&D) expenses ~~increased~~decreased $0.2 million, or two percent, ~~quarter over quarter.~~quarter-over-quarter.

Deferred compensation expense increased ~~$1.2~~$5.9 million, ~~quarter over quarter,~~quarter-over-quarter, primarily due to a ~~first quarter 2018~~$13.52 per share increase in the ~~value~~market price of Company common stock in the first quarter 2019 compared to a $4.21 per share increase in the first quarter ~~2017 decrease in Company common stock value.~~of 2018. See the ~~“Overview”~~Overview and ~~“Segment Results - Corporate Expenses”~~Segment Results-Corporate Expenses sections of this MD&A for further details.

Business restructuring charges totaled ~~$0.4~~$0.7 million in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 versus ~~$0.8~~$0.4 million in ~~2017.~~2018. The 2019 restructuring charges were primarily comprised of severance and office shutdown expenses related to the Specialty Product restructuring efforts ($0.5 million) and ongoing decommissioning ~~of the plant assets for~~costs associated with the Company’s manufacturing facility in Canada that ceased operations in the fourth quarter of ~~2016.~~2016 ($0.3 million). The 2018 restructuring charges related solely to decommissioning costs associated with the Canadian plant closure.

Net interest expense for the first quarter of ~~2018 increased $0.2~~2019 decreased $1.3 million, or ~~five~~41 percent, from net interest expense for the same quarter of last year primarily due to ~~lower non-U.S.~~debt principal repayments and higher U.S. interest income.

Other, net was ~~$1.2~~$3.1 million of income for the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~$1.1~~$1.2 million of income for the same period of ~~2017.~~2018. The Company ~~posted $0.2~~recognized $2.5 million of investment income (including realized and unrealized gains and losses) for the Company’s deferred compensation and supplemental defined contribution mutual fund assets in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~$1.7~~$0.2 million of income in last year’s first quarter. In addition, the Company reported foreign exchange gains of ~~$1.1~~$0.6 million in the first quarter of ~~2018 compared to $0.5~~2019 versus $1.1 million of ~~losses~~foreign exchange gains in the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018. The Company also reported ~~$0.1~~$0.2 million of lower net periodic pension cost expense in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 versus ~~$0.2 million of expense in 2017.~~the prior year.

The Company’s effective tax rate was ~~18.4~~19.5 percent for the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 compared to ~~28.0~~18.7 percent for the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018. The ~~decrease~~quarter-over-quarter increase was primarily attributable toto: (i) the ~~following items: 1)~~non-recurrence of a ~~lower U.S. statutory~~favorable 2018 tax ~~rate~~benefit from nontaxable foreign interest income, and; (ii) a less favorable geographic mix of ~~21 percent~~income in the first quarter of ~~2018 versus 35 percent in the first quarter of 2017, and 2) higher excess tax benefits derived from stock based compensation awards exercised or distributed in the first quarter of 2018~~2019 versus the first quarter of 2017. The effective tax rate for 2018 was negatively impacted as a result of income earned outside of the U.S. being taxed, on average, at a relatively similar effective tax rate as the U.S. earnings compared to 2017 when the U.S. effective tax rate was higher due to the higher statutory tax rate of 35 percent.2018.

Segment Results

	For the Three Months Ended									For the Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31,		March 31,		Increase			Percent		March 31,		March 31,		Increase			Percent
Net Sales	2018		2017		(Decrease)			Change		2019		2018		(Decrease)			Change
Surfactants	$	358,940	$	322,603	$	36,337			11	$	349,650	$	358,940	$	(9,290	)		-3
Polymers		121,933		126,610		(4,677	)		-4		120,179		121,933		(1,754	)		-1
Specialty Products		18,462		19,056		(594	)		-3		19,341		18,462		879			5
Total Net Sales	$	499,335	$	468,269	$	31,066			7	$	489,170	$	499,335	$	(10,165	)		-2

	For the Three Months Ended										For the Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31,			March 31,		Increase			Percent		March 31,		March 31,			Increase			Percent
Operating Income	2018			2017⁽¹⁾		(Decrease)			Change		2019		2018⁽¹⁾			(Decrease)			Change
Surfactants	$	40,251		$	38,371	$	1,880			5	$	37,167	$	41,468		$	(4,301	)		-10
Polymers		16,894			21,425		(4,531	)		-21		12,105		17,305			(5,200	)		-30
Specialty Products		(350	)		1,286		(1,636	)		NM		3,131		(350	)		3,481		NM
Segment Operating Income	$	56,795		$	61,082	$	(4,287	)		-7	$	52,403	$	58,423		$	(6,020	)		-10
Corporate Expenses, Excluding Deferred Compensation and Restructuring		15,168			13,690		1,478			11		14,459		15,168			(709	)		-5
Deferred Compensation Expense		1,614			376		1,238			329		7,473		1,614			5,859			363
Business Restructuring		358			786		(428	)	-54			733		358			375			105
Total Operating Income	$	39,655		$	46,230	$	(6,575	)		-14	$	29,738	$	41,283		$	(11,545	)		-28

(1)

The 2018 segment and total operating income line items have been ~~immaterially~~ changed from the amounts originally reported as a result of the Company’s first quarter ~~2018 adoption~~2019 change in method of ~~ASU No. 2017-07~~ ~~Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715).~~accounting for U.S. inventory valuation from LIFO to FIFO.

Surfactants

Surfactants net sales for the first quarter of ~~2018 increased $36.3~~2019 decreased $9.3 million, or 11three percent, over net sales for the first quarter of ~~2017. Higher~~2018. The unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation and lower selling prices ~~which reflected higher raw material costs and a more favorable mix of customers and products, had a favorable $13.9 million effect on~~negatively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net ~~sales.~~sales by $10.6 million and $9.5 million, respectively. A ~~four~~three percent increase in sales volume ~~and~~favorably impacted the ~~favorable effects of foreign currency translation increased selling prices~~change in net sales by ~~$12.2 million and $10.2 million, respectively. All regions, except Latin America, experienced sales volume growth.~~$10.8 million. A quarter-over-quarter comparison of net sales by region follows:

	For the Three Months Ended									For the Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31,		March 31,		Increase			Percent		March 31,		March 31,		Increase			Percent
Net Sales	2018		2017		(Decrease)			Change		2019		2018		(Decrease)			Change
North America	$	220,405	$	198,243	$	22,162			11	$	214,297	$	220,405	$	(6,108	)		-3
Europe		78,371		63,423		14,948			24		71,478		78,371		(6,893	)		-9
Latin America		41,688		43,505		(1,817	)		-4		50,812		41,688		9,124			22
Asia		18,476		17,432		1,044			6		13,063		18,476		(5,413	)		-29
Total Surfactants Segment	$	358,940	$	322,603	$	36,337			11	$	349,650	$	358,940	$	(9,290	)		-3

Net sales for North American operations ~~increased 11~~decreased three percent between quarters. ~~Higher~~Lower selling prices ~~sales volume~~ and the ~~favorable effects~~unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation ~~positively~~negatively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales by ~~$11.0 million, $10.9~~$7.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Selling prices ~~increased five~~decreased three percent ~~quarter over quarter, mainly~~mostly due to the pass through of ~~higher~~lower raw material costs to customers and to a more favorable mix of sales. The five percent increase in sales volume reflected higher sales of products used in personal care, agricultural and oilfield applications. Sales volumes of general surfactants to our distribution partners also increased.customers. The foreign currency impact reflected a ~~weaker~~stronger U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar.

Sales volume growth of one percent positively impacted net sales by $1.5 million. This sales volume increase reflected higher demand within the functional product end markets partially offset by lower demand for products sold to our distribution partners.

Net sales for European operations ~~increased 24~~decreased nine percent between quarters. ~~Higher sales volume, selling prices and the favorable effects~~The unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ~~favorably~~and a two percent decline in sales volume negatively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales by ~~$4.1 million, $0.8~~$5.5 million and ~~$10.1~~$1.7 million, respectively. Sales volume increased seven percent quarter over quarter primarily due to the sale of products used in laundry and cleaning, personal care and agricultural applications, partially offset by lower sales to our distribution partners. A ~~weaker~~stronger U.S. dollar against the European euro and British pound sterling led to the foreign currency translation effect.

The lower sales volume resulted from the Company’s decision to cease Surfactant production at its German plant site during the fourth quarter of 2018. Lower sales of products used in laundry and cleaning and personal care applications were partially offset by higher demand for products used in agricultural end markets. Selling prices increased slightly and favorably impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales by $0.3 million.

Net sales for Latin American operations ~~decreased four percent. Sales~~increased 22 percent, primarily due to a 24 percent increase in sales volume ~~declined six percent between quarters, which~~and higher selling prices. These two items accounted for $9.8 million and $3.8 million, respectively, of the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales. The higher volume was mostly related to the Company’s 2018 first quarter acquisition in Ecatepec, Mexico. Foreign currency translation negatively ~~affected~~impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales ~~change~~ by ~~$2.4~~$4.5 million. ~~Increased~~The quarter-over-quarter strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Brazilian real, Mexican peso and the Colombian peso generated the unfavorable foreign currency effect.

Net sales for Asian operations declined 29 percent primarily due to lower average selling prices, lower sales volume and the ~~favorable effects~~unfavorable impact of foreign currency ~~translation partially offset~~translation. These items unfavorably impacted the ~~volume decline~~quarter-over-quarter change in net sales by ~~$0.3~~$3.0 million, ~~each.~~$2.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The lower ~~sales~~ selling prices primarily reflect less favorable product mix. Sales

volume ~~is principally~~declined 12 percent mostly due to lower ~~demand for commodity~~sales of products used in laundry and cleaning ~~applications. The quarter-over-quarter strengthening of the Mexican peso~~applications and ~~the Colombian peso against the U.S. dollar, partially offset by a weaker Brazilian real, generated the favorable foreign currency effect.~~

Net sales for Asian operations increased six percent primarily due to higher sales volume and selling prices, which accounted for $1.0 million and $0.5 million of the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales, respectively. The unfavorable effects of foreign currency translation negatively impacted the net sales change by $0.5 million. The 6 percent increase in volume was primarily due to strongerlower demand for ~~surfactants~~products sold to our distribution partners. ~~A weaker Philippine peso relative to the U.S. dollar caused the negative foreign currency translation effect.~~

Surfactants operating income for the first quarter of ~~2018 increased $1.9~~2019 decreased $4.3 million, or ~~five~~10 percent, over operating income for the first quarter of ~~2017.~~2018. Gross profit ~~increased $3.7~~declined $4.8 million ~~on improvements in North America, Europe and Asia that were partially offset by declines in Latin America.~~quarter-over-quarter. Operating expenses ~~increased $1.8~~decreased $0.5 million, or ~~eight~~two percent. Quarter-over-quarter comparisons of gross profit by region and total segment operating expenses and operating income follow:

	For the Three Months Ended									For the Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017⁽¹⁾		Increase (Decrease)			Percent Change		March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018⁽¹⁾		Increase (Decrease)			Percent Change
Gross Profit and Operating Income
North America	$	44,137	$	43,048	$	1,089			3	$	43,084	$	45,354	$	(2,270	)		-5
Europe		9,376		6,046		3,330			55		10,438		9,376		1,062			11
Latin America		5,420		7,244		(1,824	)		-25		3,514		5,420		(1,906	)		-35
Asia		5,591		4,500		1,091			24		3,942		5,591		(1,649	)		-29
Surfactants Segment Gross Profit	$	64,524	$	60,838	$	3,686			6	$	60,978	$	65,741	$	(4,763	)		-7
Operating Expenses		24,273		22,467		1,806			8		23,811		24,273		(462	)		-2
Surfactants Segment Operating Income	$	40,251	$	38,371	$	1,880			5	$	37,167	$	41,468	$	(4,301	)		-10

(1)

The ~~2017~~2018 North America gross profit and the total surfactants segment operating ~~expenses~~income line items have been ~~immaterially~~ changed from the amounts originally reported as a result of the Company’s first quarter ~~2018 adoption~~2019 change in method of ~~ASU No. 2017-07~~ ~~Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715).~~accounting for U.S. inventory valuation from LIFO to FIFO.

Gross profit for North American operations ~~increased three~~decreased five percent, ~~quarter over quarter principally~~or $2.3 million, quarter-over-quarter primarily due to ~~improved product mix~~lower unit margins. Lower unit margins negatively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in gross profit by $2.6 million. Sales volume grew one percent and ~~higher sales volumes. The improved product mix primarily reflects increased~~positively impacted the change in gross profit by $0.3 million. Higher sales of products ~~used in agricultural and oilfield applications and higher~~into our functional product end markets offset lower sales ~~of products~~ to our distribution partners. ~~Higher quarter-over-quarter sales of products used in personal care applications contributed to the 2018 volume growth.~~

Gross profit for European operations increased 5511 percent, or ~~$3.3~~$1.1 million, between quarters primarily due to lower overhead costs and improved product mix resulting from the ~~seven percent increase in sales volume, improved~~Company’s decision to cease Surfactant production at its German plant site during the fourth quarter of 2018. Higher unit margins ~~and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation. These items~~ favorably impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in gross profit by ~~$0.4 million, $1.7~~$2.1 million. The unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation and a two percent decline in sales volume negatively impacted the current year quarter by $0.8 million and ~~$1.2~~$0.2 million, respectively.

Gross profit for Latin American operations decreased 2535 percent, or ~~$1.8~~$1.9 million, ~~quarter over quarter.~~quarter-over-quarter. This decrease was primarily due to a sulfonation equipment failure at the Company’s Ecatepec, Mexico facility in January 2019. Higher freight costs were incurred to supply product from other Company locations resulting in lower unit margins. Lower unit margins ~~and a six percent decline~~negatively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in ~~sales volume. Lower commodity volumes in Brazil offset growth in the Company’s Tier 2 and Tier 3 customer base.~~

~~Asia~~ gross profit ~~improved~~by $2.5 million. The unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation negatively impacted the current year quarter by $0.7 million. A 24 ~~percent, or $1.1 million, largely due to the six~~ percent increase in sales volume, principally driven by the first quarter 2018 acquisition in Ecatepec, Mexico favorably impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in gross profit by $1.3 million.

Gross profit for Asia operations decreased 29 percent, or $1.6 million, between quarters largely due to lower unit margins and ~~higher quarter-over-quarter~~lower sales volumes. These items negatively impacted 2019 gross profit by $1.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The lower unit margins primarily resulted from lower production ~~volume in Singapore,~~throughput which led to ~~lower~~higher unit overhead costs.

Operating expenses for the Surfactants segment ~~increased $1.8~~decreased $0.5 million, or ~~eight~~two percent, ~~quarter over quarter. Most of the increase was due higher employee-related expenses and higher bad debt provision expense in 2018 versus the prior year quarter.~~ quarter-over-quarter.

Polymers

Polymers net sales for the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 decreased ~~$4.7~~$1.8 million, or ~~four~~one percent, ~~over~~versus net sales for the same period of ~~2017. A nine percent decrease in sales volume~~2018. The unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation and lower selling prices ~~accounted for $11.1~~negatively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales by $5.3 million and ~~$0.4~~$0.6 million, ~~respectively, of the quarter-over-quarter net~~respectively. A three percent increase in sales ~~decrease. The effects of foreign currency translation~~volume positively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales ~~change~~ by ~~$6.8~~$4.1 million. A quarter-over-quarter comparison of net sales by region follows:

	For the Three Months Ended									For the Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31		March 31		Increase			Percent		March 31		March 31		Increase			Percent
Net Sales	2018		2017		(decrease)			change		2019		2018		(decrease)			change
North America	$	73,474	$	78,364	$	(4,890	)		-6	$	71,323	$	73,474	$	(2,151	)		-3
Europe		41,784		42,403		(619	)		-1		42,105		41,784		321			1
Asia and Other		6,675		5,843		832			14		6,751		6,675		76			1
Total Polymers Segment	$	121,933	$	126,610	$	(4,677	)		-4	$	120,179	$	121,933	$	(1,754	)		-1

Net sales for North American operations declined ~~six~~three percent due to lower selling prices and a one percent decline in sales volume. These two items negatively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales by $1.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The pass through of lower raw material costs contributed to the lower selling prices. The slight decline in total sales volume ~~partially~~reflects lower phthalic anhydride and specialty polyols volume that were mostly offset by ~~higher selling prices. Sales volume declined eight~~ten percent ~~which unfavorably impacted the net sales change by $6.1 million. Sales volume~~growth of polyols used in rigid foam applications declined mainly due to lost market share and the negative impact of the extended winter weather which has delayed the start of construction projects. Phthalic anhydride sales volume declined four percent. Sales volume of specialty polyols increased three percent due to greater demand for products used in CASE applications and powdered resins. Selling prices increased two percent, which had a $1.2 million positive effect on the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales. The pass through of certain higher raw material costs to customers led to the increased selling prices.applications.

Net sales for European operations ~~decreased~~increased one percent. A ~~decrease~~nine percent increase in sales volume and ~~lower~~higher selling prices ~~accounted for $5.4~~positively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in net sales by $3.9 million and ~~$1.6~~$1.2 million, ~~respectively, of the quarter-over-quarter net sales decrease.~~respectively. The lower sales volume was principally due to customer inventory builds prior to year-end, the carryover effect of the 2017 MDI shortage and extended winter weather which has delayed the start of construction projects. The favorable effectsunfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ~~offset~~negatively impacted the ~~effects of the decreased~~quarter-over-quarter change in net sales ~~volume and prices~~ by ~~$6.4~~$4.8 million.

Net sales for Asia and Other operations increased 14one percent quarter over quarter primarily due to ~~an 11~~a 14 percent increase in sales volume. This sales volume ~~and~~growth positively impacted the ~~favorable effects~~quarter-over-quarter change in net sales by $0.9 million. The unfavorable impact of foreign currency ~~translation. These items positively~~translation and lower selling prices negatively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in ~~nets~~net sales by ~~$0.6~~$0.5 million and ~~$0.4~~$0.3 million, respectively. ~~Most of the sales volume increase reflected new business for the Company’s manufacturing facility in Nanjing, China, that commenced operations in early 2016.~~

Polymers operating income for the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 declined ~~$4.5~~$5.2 million, or 2130 percent, from operating income for the first quarter of ~~last year.~~2018. Gross profit decreased ~~$4.6~~$5.2 million, or 1621 percent, primarily due to reduced margins, the negative impact of foreign currency translation and ~~lower sales volumes~~the non-recurrence of a $2.1 million class action settlement received in ~~North America and Europe.~~the first quarter of 2018. Operating expenses were flat quarter-over-quarter. Quarter-over-quarter comparisons of gross profit by region and total segment operating expenses and operating income follow:

	For the Three Months Ended											For the Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017⁽¹⁾			(Decrease)			Percent Change		March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018⁽¹⁾			Increase (Decrease)			Percent Change
Gross Profit and Operating Income
North America	$	18,156		$	21,259		$	(3,103	)		-15	$	12,966	$	18,567		$	(5,601	)		-30
Europe		5,964			7,358			(1,394	)		-19		5,609		5,964			(355	)		-6
Asia and Other		(145	)		(71	)		(74	)		104		648		(145	)		793			-547
Polymers Segment Gross Profit	$	23,975		$	28,546		$	(4,571	)		-16	$	19,223	$	24,386		$	(5,163	)		-21
Operating Expenses		7,081			7,121			(40	)		-1		7,118		7,081			37			1
Polymers Segment Operating Income	$	16,894		$	21,425		$	(4,531	)		-21	$	12,105	$	17,305		$	(5,200	)		-30

(1)

The ~~2017~~2018 North America gross profit and ~~the~~ total operating ~~expenses~~income line items have been ~~immaterially~~ changed from the amounts originally reported as a result of the Company’s first quarter ~~2018 adoption~~2019 change in method of ~~ASU No. 2017-07~~ ~~Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715).~~ accounting for U.S. inventory valuation from LIFO to FIFO.

Gross profit for North American operations declined 1530 percent ~~quarter over quarter~~quarter-over-quarter primarily due to the ~~eight percent decline~~non-recurrence of a $2.1 million class action settlement received in ~~sales volume~~the first quarter of 2018 and ~~reduced sales~~lower unit margins. The decline in margins reflected the ~~effect~~consumption of higher ~~raw material costs that, due~~priced year-end inventories carried to ~~competitive reasons, could not entirely be passed on to customers. Proceeds received from a class action settlement ($2.1 million) partially offset the declines above.~~guard against potential winter supply disruptions

Gross profit for European operations decreased 19six percent primarily due to the ~~13 percent decrease in sales volume and reduced sales margins. The favorable effects~~negative impact of foreign currency translation and slightly reduced margins. These items negatively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in gross profit by $0.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The lower unit margins were primarily related to higher unit overhead costs resulting from a planned first quarter 2019 maintenance shutdown in Germany. Sales volume growth of nine percent positively impacted the quarter-over-quarter change in gross profit by ~~$0.9~~$0.6 million.

Gross profit for Asia and Other operations improved $0.8 million primarily due to sales volume growth of 14 percent quarter-over-quarter.

Specialty Products

Net sales for the first quarter of ~~2018 declined $0.6~~2019 increased $0.9 million, or ~~three~~five percent, from net sales for the first quarter of ~~2017. Lower selling prices, partially offset by~~2018. Sales volume was up 15 percent versus the prior year. Operating income increased $3.5 million quarter-over-quarter primarily due to the higher sales volume ~~growth of two percent, led~~which was mostly attributable to favorable order timing differences within the net sales decline. Operating income declined $1.6 million quarter over quarter. The decline in operating income reflected a less favorable mix of sales resulting from the timing of orders for certain products used in pharmaceutical and flavoring applications.flavor business.

Corporate Expenses

Corporate expenses, which ~~are comprised of~~include deferred compensation, business restructuring and other operating expenses that are not allocated to the reportable segments, increased ~~$2.3~~$5.5 million between ~~quarters to $17.2~~quarters. Corporate expenses were $22.7 million ~~for~~in the first quarter of ~~2018 from $14.9~~2019 versus $17.1 million ~~for the first quarter of 2017. The~~in 2018. This increase ~~in corporate expense~~ was primarily attributable to higher deferred compensation expense ($~~1.2 million), legal and environmental ($0.6~~5.9 million) and ~~patents and trademark associated expenses~~business restructuring expense ($~~0.3~~0.4 million)~~. The higher legal expenses~~ in 2019. These items were partially ~~attributable to~~offset by the non-recurrence of prior year costs associated with the Company’s 2018 first quarter acquisition in Mexico.

The ~~$1.2~~$5.9 million increase in quarter-over-quarter deferred compensation expense ~~reflected~~was primarily due to a ~~$4.21~~$13.52 per share increase in the ~~value~~market price of Company common stock in the first quarter of ~~2018~~2019 compared to a ~~$2.67~~$4.21 per share ~~decrease~~increase for the first quarter of ~~last year.~~2018. The following table presents the quarter-end Company common stock market prices used in the computation of deferred compensation expenses for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017:~~2018:

2018

2017

2016

March 31

December 31

March 31

December 31

Company Common Stock Price

$
83.18

$
78.97

$
78.81

$
81.48

	2019		2018				2017
	March 31		December 31		March 31		December 31
Company Common Stock Price	$	87.52	$	74.00	$	83.18	$	78.97

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, operating activities were a cash source of ~~$1.0~~$4.4 million versus a cash source of ~~$3.3~~$1.0 million for the comparable period in ~~2017.~~2018. For the current year period, investing cash outflows totaled ~~$47.1~~$23.7 million ~~as compared to an~~versus a cash outflow of ~~$26.6~~$47.1 million in the prior year ~~period, and financing~~period. Financing activities were a use of ~~$8.8~~$10.8 million ~~as compared to~~versus a use of ~~$7.2~~$8.8 million in the prior year period. Cash and cash equivalents decreased by ~~$54.3~~$30.8 million compared to December 31, ~~2017, including a favorable~~2018, inclusive of an unfavorable exchange rate impact of ~~$0.5~~$0.7 million.

~~As of~~At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents totaled ~~$244.6~~$269.5 million. Cash in U.S. ~~demand~~money market funds, deposit accounts and a certificate of deposit totaled ~~$76.3~~$82.0 million, $53.0 million and ~~cash of the~~$40.0 million, respectively. The Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries held $94.5 million of cash outside the U.S. ~~totaled $168.3 million~~ as of March 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Operating Activity

Net income decreased by ~~$1.2~~$7.0 million versus the comparable period in ~~2017.~~2018. Working capital was a cash use of ~~$53.4~~$46.8 million versus a use of ~~$50.5~~$55.1 million for the comparable year-ago period.

Year-to-date accounts receivable were a use of ~~$24.2~~$17.4 million compared to a use of ~~$20.3~~$24.2 million for the comparable period in ~~2017.~~2018. Inventories were a ~~use~~source of ~~$9.0~~$16.2 million in ~~2018~~2019 versus a use of ~~$14.4~~$10.6 million in ~~2017.~~2018. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities were a use of ~~$19.5~~$42.3 million in ~~2018~~2019 compared to a use of ~~$14.2~~$19.5 million for the same period in ~~2017.~~2018.

Working capital requirements were ~~higher~~lower year-to-date, compared to the same period in ~~2017,~~2018, due to the changes noted above. The ~~year-to-date~~2019 accounts receivables ~~increase was~~cash usage primarily ~~due to both~~reflects higher sales quantities. The current year inventory source of cash reflects lower quantities and ~~selling price increases.~~prices. The ~~year-to-date inventory increase was due to higher prices~~current year accounts payable and ~~quantities.~~ accrued liabilities cash usage reflects lower quantities purchased and prices. It is management’s opinion that the Company’s liquidity is sufficient to provide for potential increases in working capital requirements during ~~2018.~~2019.

Investing Activity

~~Cash outflows for investing activities were up by $20.4 million year-over-year.~~ Cash used for investing activities ~~year-to-date included capital expenditures~~decreased by $23.3 million year-over-year. In the first quarter of ~~$27.4 million compared to $20.4 million for~~2018, the comparable period last year. Other investing activities consumed $19.7 million in 2018 versus a use of $6.2 million in 2017. The increase in other investing activities was primarily attributable to the $21.5 million cash outflow related to the acquisition ofCompany acquired BASF’s ~~surfactant~~ production facility in Ecatepec, Mexico ~~and a portion~~that consumed $21.5 million of ~~related surfactant business.~~cash. Cash used for capital expenditures was $25.7 million in the first quarter of 2019 versus $27.4 million in the comparable prior year period.

For ~~2018,~~2019, the Company estimates that total capital expenditures will range from ~~$105~~$110 million to ~~$115~~$130 million ~~including~~inclusive of infrastructure and optimization spending in the United States, Germany and Mexico.

Financing Activity

Cash used for financing activities was $10.8 million in 2019 versus $8.8 million in ~~2018 versus $7.2 million in 2017.~~2018.

The Company purchases shares of its common stock in the open market or from its benefit plans from time to time to fund its own benefit plans and also to mitigate the dilutive effect of new shares issued under its benefit plans. The Company may, from time to time, seek to retire or purchase additional amounts of its outstanding equity and/or debt securities through cash purchases and/or exchanges for other securities, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, including pursuant to plans meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 promulgated by the SEC. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company’s liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material. ~~For~~In the three months ended March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company purchased ~~6,107~~900 shares on the open market ~~(valued at $0.5 million) and 23,471 shares from the Company’s retirement plans (valued at $2.0 million)~~(at a total cost of $77,000). At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were ~~611,561~~493,387 shares remaining under the current share repurchase authorization.

Debt and Credit Facilities

Consolidated balance sheet debt ~~remained unchanged at $290.8~~decreased by $4.2 million during the first quarter of 2019 compared to December 31, 2018. Consolidated balance sheet debt was $271.9 million at March 31, ~~2018 compared to~~2019 versus $276.1 million at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. Net debt (which is defined as total debt minus cash – see the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Net Debt” section of this MD&A) increased by ~~$54.3~~$26.5 million ~~for~~in the ~~current year,~~first quarter of 2019, from ~~-$8.1~~a negative $24.1 million to ~~$46.2~~a positive $2.4 million, primarily due to a ~~$54.3~~$30.7 million ~~decrease of~~ cash ~~between December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018.~~reduction resulting from higher working capital requirements.

As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the ratio of total debt to total debt plus shareholders’ equity was ~~27.3~~32 percent compared to ~~28.2~~34 percent at December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the ratio of net debt to net debt plus shareholders’ equity was ~~5.6~~zero percent compared to ~~-1.1~~a negative three percent at December 31, 2017. At March 31, 2018, the Company’s debt included $290.0 million of unsecured private placement loans with maturities ranging from 2018 through 2027. These loans are the Company’s primary source of long-term debt financing and are supplemented by bank credit facilities to meet short and medium-term needs.2018.

On January 30, 2018, the Company entered into a five year committed $350 million multi-currency revolving credit facility that matures on January 30, 2023 with a syndicate of banks. This revolving credit facility replaced the Company’s prior $125 million credit ~~agreement dated as of July 10, 2014.~~agreement. The credit agreement allows the Company to make unsecured borrowings, as requested from time to time, to finance working capital needs, permitted acquisitions, capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes. This unsecured facility is the Company’s primary source of short-term borrowings ~~and is committed through January 30, 2023.~~ ~~The Company’s outstanding Note Purchase Agreements were amended effective January 30, 2018 to make certain covenants consistent with those included in the credit agreement.~~. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding letters of credit totaling ~~$4.9~~$5.3 million under the revolving credit agreement and no borrowings, with ~~$345.1~~$344.7 million remaining available.

The Company anticipates that cash from operations, committed credit facilities and cash on hand will be sufficient to fund anticipated capital expenditures, working capital, dividends and other planned financial commitments for the foreseeable future.

Certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company maintain short-term bank lines of credit in their respective local currencies to meet working capital requirements as well as to fund capital ~~expenditure programs~~expenditures and acquisitions. At March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company’s foreign subsidiaries had outstanding debt of ~~$1.9~~$3.5 million.

The Company has material debt agreements that require the maintenance of minimum interest coverage and minimum net worth. These agreements also limit the incurrence of additional debt as well as the payment of dividends and repurchase of treasury shares. As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, testing for these agreements was based on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under the most restrictive of these debt covenants:


	1.	The Company ~~was~~is required to maintain a minimum interest coverage ratio, as defined within the agreements, of 3.50 to 1.00, for the preceding four calendar quarters.


	2.	The Company ~~was~~is required to maintain a maximum net leverage ratio, as defined within the agreements, not to exceed 3.50 to 1.00.



	3.	The Company ~~was~~is required to maintain net worth of at least $325.0 million.
	4.	The Company ~~was~~is permitted to pay dividends and purchase treasury shares after December 31, 2017, in amounts of up to $100.0 million plus 100 percent of net income and cash proceeds of stock option exercises, measured cumulatively beginning December 31, 2017. The maximum amount of dividends that could have been paid within this limitation is disclosed as unrestricted retained earnings in Note 1215 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company believes it was in compliance with all of its loan agreements as of March 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND LEGAL MATTERS

The Company’s operations are subject to extensive federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations and similar laws in the other countries in which the Company does business. Although the Company's environmental policies and practices are designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, future developments and increasingly stringent environmental regulation may require the Company to make additional unforeseen environmental expenditures. The Company will continue to invest in the equipment and facilities necessary to comply with existing and future regulations. During the first three months of ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, the Company’s expenditures for capital projects related to the environment were ~~$0.9~~$0.3 million and ~~$0.7~~$0.9 million, respectively. These projects are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives, which are typically 10 years. Recurring costs associated with the

operation and maintenance of facilities for waste treatment and disposal and managing environmental compliance in ongoing operations at the Company’s manufacturing locations were ~~$6.9~~$7.4 million and ~~$6.0~~$6.9 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

Over the years, the Company has received requests for information related to or has been named by the government as a potentially responsible party at a number of waste disposal sites where cleanup costs have been or may be incurred under CERCLA and similar state or foreign statutes. In addition, damages are being claimed against the Company in general liability actions for alleged personal injury or property damage in the case of some disposal and plant sites. The Company believes that it has made adequate provisions for the costs it ~~may~~is likely to incur with respect to the sites. It is the Company’s accounting policy to record liabilities when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable and the cost or range of possible costs can be reasonably estimated. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum is accrued. Some of the factors on which the Company bases its estimates include information provided by feasibility studies, potentially responsible party negotiations and the development of remedial action plans. After partial remediation payments at certain sites, the Company has estimated a range of possible environmental and legal losses of ~~$23.9~~$23.4 million to ~~$45.2~~$44.7 million at March 31, ~~2018, compared to $24.2 million to $45.4 million at~~2019 which is the same as December 31, ~~2017. At March 31,~~ 2018 ~~and December 31, 2017,~~range. Within the ~~Company's accrued liability for such losses, which represented the Company’s best estimate within the estimated~~ range of possible environmental losses, currently management has concluded that there are more likely to occur than any other amounts in the ranges and, ~~legal losses, was $23.9~~thus, has accrued at the lower end of the ranges; that accrual totaled $23.4 million at both March 31, 2019 and ~~$24.2 million, respectively.~~December 31, 2018. Because the liabilities accrued are estimates, actual amounts could differ from the amounts reported. Cash ~~outlays~~expenditures related to legal and environmental matters approximated $0.2 million ~~and $0.4 million~~ for each of the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017, respectively.~~2018.

For certain sites, the Company has responded to information requests made by federal, state or local government agencies but has received no response confirming or denying the Company’s stated positions. As such, estimates of the total costs, or range of possible costs, of remediation, if any, or the Company’s share of such costs, if any, cannot be determined with respect to these sites. Consequently, the Company is unable to predict the effect thereof on the Company’s financial position, cash flows and results of operations. Given the information available, management believes the Company has no liability at these sites. However, in the event of one or more adverse determinations with respect to such sites in any annual or interim period, the effect on the Company’s cash flows and results of operations for those periods could be material. Based upon the Company’s present knowledge with respect to its involvement at these sites, the possibility of other viable entities’ responsibilities for cleanup, and the extended period over which any costs would be incurred, management believes that the Company ~~believes~~has no liability at these sites and that these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position. Certain of these matters are discussed in Item 1, Part 2, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, Legal Proceedings, in this report and in other filings of the Company with ~~the~~ SEC, which are available upon request from the Company. See also Note 79, Contingencies, to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a summary of the environmental proceedings related to certain environmental sites.

3033

OUTLOOK

The Company believes Surfactants will ~~build upon its strong start and~~ continue to benefit from its diversification efforts into functional products, new technologies, improved internal efficiencies and expanded sales into a broad customer base globally. The Company believes ~~improved weather~~Polymers will ~~restore demand~~benefit from the growing market for insulation materials and ~~contribute to~~is optimistic the business will deliver both full year volume growth and incremental margin improvement versus the prior year. The Company believes Specialty Products will deliver better ~~European Polymers results while it expects the North American Polymers business to continue to be challenged. Overall, the Company remains optimistic about the remainder of the year.~~margins, and combined with restructuring efforts, should provide second half benefits.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

There have been no changes to the critical accounting policies disclosed in the Company’s ~~2017~~2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K with the exception of revenue recognition. During the first quarter of 2018 the Company adopted ASU 2014-19 which changed the criteria for revenue recognition to the time when the Company satisfies its performance obligation by transferring control of product to the customer as compared to the “risk and rewards” criteria used in prior years. Adoption of ASU 2014-19 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. See Note 12 for additional details. 10-K.

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP ADJUSTED NET INCOME AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

	Three Months Ended March 31												Three Months Ended March 31
(In millions, except per share amounts)	2017						2017						2019						2018 As Adjusted
	Net Income			Diluted EPS			Net Income			Diluted EPS			Net Income			Diluted EPS			Net Income			Diluted EPS
Net Income Attributable to the Company as Reported(1)	$	30.7		$	1.31		$	31.9		$	1.37		$	25.0		$	1.07		$	32.0		$	1.37

Deferred Compensation (Income) Expense (including related investment activity)		1.4			0.06			(1.3	)		(0.05	)
Deferred Compensation Expense (including related investment activity)														5.1			0.22			1.4			0.06
Business Restructuring		0.3			0.02			0.8			0.03			0.7			0.03			0.3			0.02
Cash Settled Stock Appreciation Rights														1.6			0.07			0.4			0.01
Cumulative Tax Effect on Above Adjustment Items		(0.4	)		(0.02	)		0.3			0.01			(1.8	)		(0.08	)		(0.5	)		(0.02	)
Adjusted Net Income	$	32.0		$	1.37		$	31.7		$	1.36
Adjusted Net Income ⁽¹⁾													$	30.6		$	1.31		$	33.6		$	1.44

⁽¹⁾

The 2018 amounts for the noted line items have been changed from the amounts originally reported as a result of the Company’s first quarter 2019 change in method of accounting for U.S. inventory valuation from LIFO to FIFO.

The Company believes that certain non-GAAP measures, when presented in conjunction with comparable GAAP measures, are useful for evaluating the Company’s operating performance and provide better clarity on the impact of non-operational items. Internally, the Company uses this non-GAAP information as an indicator of business performance and evaluates management’s effectiveness with specific reference to these indicators. These measures should be considered in addition to, not a substitute for or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. The cumulative tax effect was calculated using the statutory tax rates for the jurisdictions in which the noted transactions occurred.

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP NET DEBT

(In millions)

March 31,
2018

December 31,
2017

Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt as Reported

$
22.6

$
22.5

Long-Term Debt as Reported

268.2

268.3

Total Debt as Reported

290.8

290.8

Less Cash and Cash Equivalents as Reported

(244.6
)

(298.9
)
Net Debt

$
46.2

$
(8.1
)

Management uses the non-GAAP net debt metric to gain a more complete picture of the Company’s overall liquidity, financial flexibility and leverage level. This adjusted measure should be considered supplemental to and not a substitute for financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company's definition of this adjusted measure may differ from similarly titled measures used by other entities.

(In millions)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt as Reported	$	32.8		$	37.1
Long-Term Debt as Reported		239.1			239.0
Total Debt as Reported		271.9			276.1
Less Cash and Cash Equivalents as Reported		(269.5	)		(300.2	)
Net Debt	$	2.4		$	(24.1	)

Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There have been no material changes to the market risks described in the Company’s ~~2017~~2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4 – Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Based on this evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, such that the information required to be disclosed in our Securities and Exchange Commission reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Exchange Act and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 – Legal Proceedings

There have been no material changes to the legal proceedings disclosed in the Company’s ~~2017~~2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 1A – Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s ~~2017~~2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Below is a summary by month of share purchase by the Company during the first quarter of ~~2018:~~2019:

Month

Total Number
of Shares Purchased

Average Price
Paid per Share

Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs

Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet
Be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs

January 2018

1,424

^(a)
$
79.40

—

—

February 2018

12,074

^(a)
$
76.27

—

—

March 2018

55,936

^(a)
^(b)
$
82.84

—

—

Total

69,434

$
81.62

—

—

Month	Total Number of Shares Purchased			��	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs ⁽¹⁾			Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs ⁽¹⁾
January 2019		14	⁽²⁾		$	85.80		—			494,287
February 2019		7,277	⁽³⁾		$	89.22		—			494,287
March 2019		24,289	⁽³⁾	⁽⁴⁾	$	93.07		900	⁽⁴⁾		493,387

Total		31,580			$	92.18		900			493,387

~~(a)~~⁽¹⁾

On February 19, 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to 1,000,000 shares of its outstanding common stock.

⁽²⁾

Represents shares of Company common stock tendered by employees to settle statutory withholding taxes related to the exercise of SARs.

⁽³⁾

Represents shares of Company common stock tendered by employees to settle statutory withholding taxes related to distributions of deferred performance stock awards and deferred management incentive compensation and to the exercise of SARs.

~~(b)~~⁽⁴⁾

Includes ~~29,578~~900 shares of Company common stock purchased on the open ~~market and from the Company’s retirement plans.~~market.

Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5 – Other Information

None

Item 6 – Exhibits

Exhibit No.

Description

10.1+

–

First Amendment to the Stepan Company 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan (filed with the Company’ Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2018 (File No.001-4462) and incorporated herein by reference)

10.2+

–

Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the Stepan Company 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan (filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2018 (File No.001-4462) and incorporated herein by reference)

10.3+

–

Form of Performance Grant Agreement under the Stepan Company 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan (filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2018 (File No.001-4462) and incorporated herein by reference)

10.4+

–

Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement under the Stepan Company 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan (filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2018 (File No.001-4462) and incorporated herein by reference)

10.5+

–

Form of Stock Awards Agreement under the Stepan Company 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan (filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2018 (File No.001-4462) and incorporated herein by reference)

10.6

–

Third Amendment, dated as of January 30, 2018, to the Note Purchase Agreement dated as of September 29, 2005 among Stepan Company and the noteholders party thereto (filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2018 (File No.001-4462) and incorporated herein by reference)

10.7

–

First Amendment, dated as of January 30, 2018, to the Note Purchase Agreement dated as of June 27, 2013 among Stepan Company and the noteholders party thereto (filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2018 (File No.001-4462) and incorporated herein by reference)

10.8

–

First Amendment, dated as of January 30, 2018, to the Note Purchase Agreement dated as of July 10, 2015 among Stepan Company and the noteholders party thereto (filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2018 (File No.001-4462) and incorporated herein by reference

10.9

–

Credit Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2018, among Stepan Company, the foreign subsidiary borrowers from time to time party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, Bank of America, N.A., as syndication agent, and J.P.Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners (filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 2, 2018 (File No.001-4462) and incorporated herein by reference

31.1
–
Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

31.2
–
Certification of Vice President and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a- 14(a)/15d-14(a)

32
–
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

101.INS
–
XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH
–
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL
–
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF
–
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document

101.LAB
–
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

+ Management contract or compensatory plan

Exhibit No.		Description

10+	–	Second Amendment to the Stepan Company 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan (filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2019 (File No. 001-4462), and incorporated herein by reference)

18	–	Letter Regarding Change in Accounting Principles

31.1	–	Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

31.2	–	Certification of Vice President and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a- 14(a)/15d-14(a)

32	–	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

101.INS	–	XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH	–	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL	–	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF	–	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document

101.LAB	–	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

+		Management contract or compensatory plan

3336

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

STEPAN COMPANY

Date: May ~~1, 2018~~7, 2019

/s/ ~~Matthew J. Eaken~~Luis E. Rojo

~~Matthew J. Eaken~~Luis E. Rojo

Vice President ~~Corporate Controller~~ and ~~Interim~~ Chief Financial Officer

~~(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)~~

3437

Delaware		36-1823834
(State or other jurisdiction		(I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization)		Identification Number)

Title of each class		Trading symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 par value		SCL		New York Stock Exchange

~~(Check one):~~ Large accelerated filer	☒		Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	~~(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)~~	Smaller reporting company	☐

Emerging growth company	☐

Class		Outstanding at April ~~20, 2018~~24, 2019
Common Stock, $1 par value		~~22,643,960~~22,613,951 Shares

(In thousands, except per share amounts)	Three Months Ended March 31						Three Months Ended March 31
	2018			2017			2019			2018 As Adjusted
Net Sales	$	499,335		$	468,269		$	489,170		$	499,335
Cost of Sales^(a)(1)		409,765			376,150			404,561			408,137
Gross Profit^(a)(1)		89,570			92,119			84,609			91,198
Operating Expenses:
Selling^(a)		14,890			13,456			13,969			14,890
Administrative^(a)		19,439			17,892			19,306			19,439
Research, development and technical services^(a)		13,614			13,379			13,390			13,614
Deferred compensation expense		1,614			376			7,473			1,614
		49,557			45,103			54,138			49,557
Business restructuring expenses (Note 15)		(358	)		(786	)
Business restructuring expenses (Note 17)								(733	)		(358	)
Operating Income^(a)(1)		39,655			46,230			29,738			41,283
Other Income (Expense):
Interest, net		(3,151	)		(2,992	)		(1,853	)		(3,151	)
Other, net^(a) (Note 14)		1,160			1,092
Other, net (Note 16)								3,145			1,160
		(1,991	)		(1,900	)		1,292			(1,991	)

Income Before Provision for Income Taxes(1)		37,664			44,330			31,030			39,292
Provision for Income Taxes (Note 17)		6,948			12,418
Provision for Income Taxes⁽¹⁾								6,052			7,347
Net Income(1)		30,716			31,912			24,978			31,945
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests (Note 2)		7			1
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests (Note 3)								6			7
Net Income Attributable to Stepan Company(1)	$	30,723		$	31,913		$	24,984		$	31,952

Net Income Per Common Share Attributable to Stepan Company (Note 9):
Net Income Per Common Share Attributable to Stepan Company (Note 11):
Basic⁽¹⁾							$	1.08		$	1.38
Diluted⁽¹⁾							$	1.07		$	1.37

Shares Used to Compute Net Income Per Common Share Attributable to Stepan Company (Note 11):
Basic	$	1.33		$	1.39			23,099			23,082
Diluted	$	1.31		$	1.37			23,332			23,389

Shares Used to Compute Net Income Per Common Share Attributable to Stepan Company (Note 9):
Basic		23,082			22,901
Diluted		23,389			23,331

Dividends Declared Per Common Share	$	0.23		$	0.21

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31						Three Months Ended March 31
	2018			2017			2019			2018 As Adjusted
Net income(1)	$	30,716		$	31,912		$	24,978		$	31,945
Other comprehensive income :
Foreign currency translation adjustments (Note 10)		8,817			10,454
Defined benefit pension adjustments, net of tax (Note 10)		753			565
Derivative instrument activity, net of tax (Note 10)		(3	)		(2	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments⁽²⁾ (Note 12)								3,707			8,817
Defined benefit pension adjustments, net of tax (Note 12)								543			753
Derivative instrument activity, net of tax (Note 12)								(2	)		(3	)
Total other comprehensive income		9,567			11,017			4,248			9,567
Comprehensive income(1)		40,283			42,929			29,226			41,512
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests (Note 2)		(25	)		(12	)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests (Note 3)								(14	)		(25	)
Comprehensive income attributable to Stepan Company(1)	$	40,258		$	42,917		$	29,212		$	41,487

(In thousands)	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands)							March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018 As Adjusted
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	244,581		$	298,894		$	269,459		$	300,194
Receivables, net		325,276			293,541			298,932			280,025
Inventories (Note 6)		187,737			172,748
Inventories⁽¹⁾ (Note 2)(Note 7)								215,028			231,528
Other current assets		24,416			23,553			24,717			22,146
Total current assets(1)		782,010			788,736			808,136			833,893
Property, Plant and Equipment:
Cost		1,642,783			1,603,286			1,679,669			1,666,790
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(1,026,732	)		(1,004,843	)		(1,074,309	)		(1,057,898	)
Property, plant and equipment, net		616,051			598,443			605,360			608,892
Goodwill, net		25,113			25,118			22,808			22,954
Other intangible assets, net		17,731			18,538			13,417			14,244
Long-term investments (Note 3)		26,725			28,270
Other non-current assets		13,003			11,756
Total assets	$	1,480,633		$	1,470,861
Long-term investments (Note 4)								25,615			25,082
Operating lease assets								40,332			—
Other non-current assets⁽¹⁾								10,332			9,549
Total assets⁽¹⁾							$	1,526,000		$	1,514,614
Liabilities and Equity
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt (Note 13)	$	22,640		$	22,500
Current maturities of long-term debt (Note 15)							$	32,799		$	37,058
Accounts payable		202,432			204,977			175,641			205,954
Accrued liabilities		74,482			92,776			87,008			95,570
Total current liabilities		299,554			320,253			295,448			338,582
Deferred income taxes		11,932			10,962
Long-term debt, less current maturities (Notes 13)		268,173			268,299
Deferred income taxes⁽¹⁾								24,158			24,961
Long-term debt, less current maturities (Note 15)								239,063			239,022
Non-current operating lease liabilities								31,361			—
Other non-current liabilities		125,548			130,433			103,749			103,864
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7)
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)
Equity:
Common stock, $1 par value; authorized 60,000,000 shares; issued 26,268,311 shares in 2018 and 26,070,787 shares in 2017		26,268			26,071
Common stock, $1 par value; authorized 60,000,000 shares; Issued 26,440,690 shares in 2019 and 26,308,668 shares in 2018								26,441			26,309
Additional paid-in capital		175,211			170,408			185,911			182,881
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 10)		(90,028	)		(99,563	)
Retained earnings		747,174			721,741
Less: Common treasury stock, at cost, 3,622,533 shares in 2018 and 3,561,509 shares in 2017		(84,042	)		(78,561	)
Total Stepan Company stockholders’ equity		774,583			740,096
Noncontrolling interests (Note 2)		843			818
Total equity		775,426			740,914
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,480,633		$	1,470,861
Accumulated other comprehensive loss⁽²⁾ (Note 12)								(142,580	)		(141,483	)
Retained earnings⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾								861,773			837,107
Less: Common treasury stock, at cost, 3,826,739 shares in 2019 and 3,803,043 shares in 2018								(100,098	)		(97,389	)
Total Stepan Company stockholders’ equity⁽¹⁾								831,447			807,425
Noncontrolling interests (Note 3)								774			760
Total equity⁽¹⁾								832,221			808,185
Total liabilities and equity⁽¹⁾							$	1,526,000		$	1,514,614

(In thousands, except per share amounts)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	As originally reported under LIFO		Effect of change			As adjusted under FIFO
Cost of Sales	$	409,765	$	(1,628	)	$	408,137
Gross Profit		89,570		1,628			91,198
Operating Income		39,655		1,628			41,283
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes		37,664		1,628			39,292
Provision for Income Taxes		6,948		399			7,347
Net Income		30,716		1,229			31,945
Net Income Attributable to Stepan Company		30,723		1,229			31,952
Net Income Per Diluted Common Share Attributable to Stepan Company	$	1.31	$	0.06		$	1.37

(In thousands)	December 31, 2018
	As originally reported under LIFO		Effect of change			As adjusted under FIFO
Inventories	$	200,165	$	31,363		$	231,528
Other Non-Current Assets		10,964		(1,415	)		9,549
Total Assets		1,484,666		29,948			1,514,614
Deferred Income Taxes	$	18,672	$	6,289		$	24,961
Retained Earnings		813,448		23,659			837,107
Total Liabilities and Equity		1,484,666		29,948			1,514,614

(In thousands, except per share amounts)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	As reported under FIFO		Effect of change			As computed under LIFO
Cost of Sales	$	404,561	$	1,500		$	406,061
Gross Profit		84,609		(1,500	)		83,109
Operating Income		29,738		(1,500	)		28,238
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes		31,030		(1,500	)		29,530
Provision for Income Taxes		6,052		(368	)		5,684
Net Income		24,978		(1,132	)		23,846
Net Income Attributable to Stepan Company		24,984		(1,132	)		23,852
Net Income Per Diluted Common Share Attributable to Stepan Company	$	1.07	$	(0.05	)	$	1.02

(In thousands)	Total Equity			Stepan Company Equity			Noncontrolling Interests’ Equity ⁽³⁾
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	740,914		$	740,096		$	818
Net income		30,716			30,723			(7	)
Dividends		(5,092	)		(5,092	)
Common stock purchases ⁽¹⁾		(5,667	)		(5,667	)
Stock option exercises		3,155			3,155
Defined benefit pension adjustments, net of tax		753			753
Translation adjustments		8,817			8,785			32
Derivative instrument activity, net of tax		(3	)		(3	)		—
Other ⁽²⁾		1,833			1,833			—
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	775,426		$	774,583		$	843

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Total			Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings			Noncontrolling Interest ⁽¹⁾
Balance, December 31, 2018 ⁽²⁾	$	808,185		$	26,309	$	182,881	$	(97,389	)	$	(141,483	)	$	837,107		$	760

Issuance of 38,706 shares of common stock under stock option plan		1,890			39		1,851		—			—			—			—

Purchase of 900 shares of common stock		(77	)		—		—		(77	)		—			—			—

Stock-based and deferred compensation		(1,360	)		93		1,179		(2,632	)		—			—			—

Net income		24,978			—		—		—			—			24,984			(6	)

Other comprehensive income		4,248			—		—		—			4,228			—			20

Cash dividends paid:
Common stock ($0.25 per share)		(5,643	)		—		—		—			—			(5,643	)		—

Other⁽³⁾		—			—		—		—			(5,325	)		5,325			—
Balance, March 31, 2019	$	832,221		$	26,441	$	185,911	$	(100,098	)	$	(142,580	)	$	861,773		$	774

(In thousands)	March 2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		March 2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Mutual fund assets	$	26,725	$	26,725	$	—	$	—	$	25,615	$	25,615	$	—	$	—
Derivative assets:
Foreign currency contracts		97		—		97		—		31		—		31		—
Total assets at fair value	$	26,822	$	26,725	$	97	$	—	$	25,646	$	25,615	$	31	$	—
Derivative liabilities:
Foreign currency contracts	$	88	$	—	$	88	$	—	$	61	$	—	$	61	$	—

(In thousands)	December 2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		December 2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Mutual fund assets	$	28,270	$	28,270	$	—	$	—	$	25,082	$	25,082	$	—	$	—
Derivative assets:
Foreign currency contracts		335		—		335		—		185		—		185		—
Total assets at fair value	$	28,605	$	28,270	$	335	$	—	$	25,267	$	25,082	$	185	$	—
Derivative liabilities :
Derivative liabilities:
Foreign currency contracts	$	94	$	—	$	94	$	—	$	10	$	—	$	10	$	—

	Shares
Stock options		~~76,404~~67,628
Stock awards (at target)		~~49,103~~41,528
SARs		~~169,267~~146,613

(In thousands)	March 31, 2019
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost	$	2,688
Short-term lease cost		970
Variable lease cost		348
Total lease cost	$	4,006
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flow from operating leases	$	2,696
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		294
Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases	9 Years
Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases		3.9	%



(In thousands)
Undiscounted Cash Flows:
2019 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2019)	$	7,870
2020		9,192
2021		6,427
2022		5,317
2023		4,145
Subsequent to 2023		17,231
Total Undiscounted Cash Flows	$	50,182
Less: Imputed interest		(9,846	)
Present value	$	40,336
Current operating lease liabilities ⁽¹⁾		8,975
Non-current operating lease liabilities		31,361
Total lease liabilities	$	40,336

(In thousands)
Year
2019	$	9,740
2020		8,294
2021		6,027
2022		5,242
2023		4,101
Subsequent to 2023		16,593
Total minimum future rental payments	$	49,997

	United States						United Kingdom						UNITED STATES						UNITED KINGDOM
(In thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31						Three Months Ended March 31						Three Months Ended March 31						Three Months Ended March 31
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018
Interest cost	$	1,539		$	1,661		$	148		$	143		$	1,661		$	1,539		$	142		$	148
Expected return on plan assets		(2,321	)		(2,321	)		(231	)		(192	)		(2,361	)		(2,321	)		(201	)		(231	)
Amortization of net actuarial loss		937			788			57			92			652			937			63			57
Net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	155		$	128		$	(26	)	$	43
Net periodic benefit cost													$	(48	)	$	155		$	4		$	(26	)

(In thousands)	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Defined Benefit Pension Plan Adjustments			Cash Flow Hedge Adjustments			Total			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Defined Benefit Pension Plan Adjustments			Cash Flow Hedge Adjustments			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	(96,775	)	$	(30,790	)	$	100		$	(127,465	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		10,441			—			—			10,441
Amounts reclassified from AOCI		—			565			(2	)		563
Net current-period other comprehensive income		10,441			565			(2	)		11,004
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	(86,334	)	$	(30,225	)	$	98		$	(116,461	)

Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(70,561	)	$	(29,093	)	$	91		$	(99,563	)	$	(70,561	)	$	(29,093	)	$	91		$	(99,563	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		8,785			—			—			8,785			8,785			—			—			8,785
Amounts reclassified from AOCI		—			753			(3	)		750			—			753			(3	)		750
Net current-period other comprehensive income		8,785			753			(3	)		9,535			8,785			753			(3	)		9,535
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	(61,776	)	$	(28,340	)	$	88		$	(90,028	)	$	(61,776	)	$	(28,340	)	$	88		$	(90,028	)

Balance at December 31, 2018													$	(108,481	)	$	(33,083	)	$	81		$	(141,483	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications														3,687			—			—			3,687
Amounts reclassified from AOCI														—			543			(2	)		541
Reclassification adjustment related to the Tax Act ⁽¹⁾														—			(5,325	)		—			(5,325	)
Net current-period other comprehensive income														3,687			(4,782	)		(2	)		(1,097	)
Balance at March 31, 2019													$	(104,794	)	$	(37,865	)	$	79		$	(142,580	)

(In thousands)	Amount Reclassified from AOCI (a)							Amount Reclassified from AOCI (a)
AOCI Components	Three Months Ended March 31						Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statements of Income	Three Months Ended March 31						Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statements of Income
	2018			2017				2019			2018
Amortization of defined benefit pension actuarial losses	$	(994	)	$	(880	)	(b)	$	(715	)	$	(994	)	(b)
		241			315		Tax benefit		172			241		Tax benefit
	$	(753	)	$	(565	)	Net of tax	$	(543	)	$	(753	)	Net of tax
Gains and losses on cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts		3			2		Cost of sales		2			3		Cost of sales
		3			2		Total before tax		2			3		Total before tax
		—			—		Tax benefit		—			—		Tax benefit
	$	3		$	2		Net of tax	$	2		$	3		Net of tax
Total reclassifications for the period	$	(750	)	$	(563	)	Net of tax	$	(541	)	$	(750	)	Net of tax

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(In thousands)
	Surfactants		Polymers		Specialty		Total
Geographic Market
North America	$	214,297	$	71,323	$	16,025	$	301,645
Europe		71,478		42,105		3,316		116,899
Latin America		50,812		197		—		51,009
Asia		13,063		6,554		—		19,617
Total	$	349,650	$	120,179	$	19,341	$	489,170

(In thousands)	Maturity Dates	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		Maturity Dates	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Unsecured private placement notes
3.95% (net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $392 and $346 for 2018 and 2017, respectively)	2021-2027	$	99,608	$	99,654
3.86% (net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $388 and $343 for 2018 and 2017, respectively)	2019-2025		99,612		99,657
4.86% (net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $215 and $191 for 2018 and 2017, respectively)	2018-2023		55,499		55,523
5.88% (net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $106 and $95 for 2018 and 2017, respectively)	2018-2022		28,465		28,476
5.69% (net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $12 for 2018 and 2017)	2018		5,703		5,703
3.95% (net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $349 and $360 for 2019 and 2018, respectively)						2021-2027	$	99,651	$	99,640
3.86% (net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $333 and $347 for 2019 and 2018, respectively)						2019-2025		99,667		99,653
4.86% (net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $176 and $186 for 2019 and 2018, respectively)						2019-2023		46,253		46,243
5.88% (net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $80 and $85 for 2019 and 2018, respectively)						2019-2022		22,777		22,772
Debt of foreign subsidiaries
Unsecured bank debt, foreign currency	2018		1,926		1,786	2019		3,514		7,772
Total debt		$	290,813	$	290,799		$	271,862	$	276,080
Less current maturities			22,640		22,500			32,799		37,058
Long-term debt		$	268,173	$	268,299		$	239,063	$	239,022

(In thousands)	Termination Benefits			Other Expense			Total			Termination Benefits			Other Expense			Total
Restructuring liability at December 31, 2017	$	592		$	99		$	691
Restructuring liability at December 31, 2018										$	260		$	83		$	343
Expense recognized		—			358			358			—			322			322
Amounts paid		(140	)		(409	)		(549	)		(79	)		(322	)		(401	)
Foreign currency translation		(3	)		(4	)		(7	)		6			2			8
Restructuring liability at March 31, 2018	$	449		$	44		$	493
Restructuring liability at March 31, 2019										$	187		$	85		$	272

(In thousands)
Assets:
Property, plant and equipment	$	14,464	$	14,464
Inventory		4,500		5,687
Value-added tax receivables		2,511		2,701
Total assets acquired	$	21,475	$	22,852