~~(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)~~Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☐ No ☒.

As of January ~~8, 2019 131,644,681 Shares~~3, 2020, the registrant had 129,766,609 shares of ~~RPM International Inc. Common Stock were~~common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

	November 30, 2018			May 31, 2018			November 30, 2019			May 31, 2019
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	226,914		$	244,422		$	208,173		$	223,168
Trade accounts receivable (less allowances of
$53,678 and $46,344, respectively)		1,013,030			1,113,818
Trade accounts receivable (less allowances of $59,824 and $54,748, respectively)								1,047,813			1,232,350
Inventories		879,633			834,461			883,722			841,873
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		252,634			278,230			220,557			220,701
Total current assets		2,372,211			2,470,931			2,360,265			2,518,092
Property, Plant and Equipment, at Cost		1,624,380			1,575,875			1,712,511			1,662,859
Allowance for depreciation		(830,753	)		(795,569	)		(890,736	)		(843,648	)
Property, plant and equipment, net		793,627			780,306			821,775			819,211
Other Assets
Goodwill		1,229,476			1,192,174			1,259,556			1,245,762
Other intangible assets, net of amortization		607,212			584,272			595,311			601,082
Operating lease right-of-use assets								284,852			-
Deferred income taxes		17,849			21,897			34,719			34,908
Other		218,578			222,242			224,520			222,300
Total other assets		2,073,115			2,020,585			2,398,958			2,104,052
Total Assets	$	5,238,953		$	5,271,822		$	5,580,998		$	5,441,355
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	471,268		$	592,281		$	475,288		$	556,696
Current portion of long-term debt		453,874			3,501			102,136			552,446
Accrued compensation and benefits		133,637			177,106			139,403			193,345
Accrued losses		22,954			22,132			21,646			19,899
Other accrued liabilities		217,660			211,706			245,595			217,019
Total current liabilities		1,299,393			1,006,726			984,068			1,539,405
Long-Term Liabilities
Long-term debt, less current maturities		1,918,868			2,170,643			2,421,339			1,973,462
Operating lease liabilities								243,863			-
Other long-term liabilities		370,812			356,892			415,838			405,040
Deferred income taxes		113,834			104,023			112,590			114,843
Total long-term liabilities		2,403,514			2,631,558			3,193,630			2,493,345
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.01; authorized 50,000 shares; none issued		-			-
Common stock, par value $0.01; authorized 300,000 shares; issued 142,426 and outstanding 133,136 as of November 30, 2018; issued 141,716 and outstanding 133,647 as of May 31, 2018		1,331			1,336
Preferred stock, par value $0.01; authorized 50,000 shares; NaN issued								-			-
Common stock, par value $0.01; authorized 300,000 shares; issued 143,021 and outstanding 129,767 as of November 30, 2019; issued 142,439 and outstanding 130,995 as of May 31, 2019								1,298			1,310
Paid-in capital		976,345			982,067			1,007,554			994,508
Treasury stock, at cost		(313,764	)		(236,318	)		(547,683	)		(437,290	)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)		(501,100	)		(459,048	)		(576,707	)		(577,628	)
Retained earnings		1,369,695			1,342,736			1,516,230			1,425,052
Total RPM International Inc. stockholders' equity		1,532,507			1,630,773			1,400,692			1,405,952
Noncontrolling Interest		3,539			2,765			2,608			2,653
Total equity		1,536,046			1,633,538			1,403,300			1,408,605
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	5,238,953		$	5,271,822		$	5,580,998		$	5,441,355

The accompanying ~~notes~~Notes to ~~consolidated financial statements~~Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net Sales	$	1,401,292		$	1,362,531		$	2,874,056		$	2,822,520
Cost of Sales		871,894			868,800			1,769,904			1,779,436
Gross Profit		529,398			493,731			1,104,152			1,043,084
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses		403,357			385,842			803,923			800,895
Restructuring Charges		4,801			7,724			11,423			27,800
Interest Expense		26,341			23,127			54,658			47,533
Investment (Income) Expense, Net		(8,805	)		7,033			(14,190	)		4,600
Other Expense, Net		1,951			3,412			3,736			3,725
Income Before Income Taxes		101,753			66,593			244,602			158,531
Provision for Income Taxes		24,431			17,420			60,784			39,172
Net Income		77,322			49,173			183,818			119,359
Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests		292			(51	)		600			371
Net Income Attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders	$	77,030		$	49,224		$	183,218		$	118,988
Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding:
Basic		128,393			131,058			128,639			131,467
Diluted		129,079			131,667			129,294			133,278
Earnings per Share of Common Stock Attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders:
Basic	$	0.60		$	0.37		$	1.42		$	0.90
Diluted	$	0.59		$	0.37		$	1.41		$	0.89

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,
	2019			2018				2019			2018
Net Income	$	77,322		$	49,173		$	183,818		$	119,359
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		20,967			(12,245	)		(7,467	)		(52,935	)
Pension and other postretirement benefit liability adjustments (net of tax of $1,015; $1,108; $2,119 and $2,090, respectively)		3,404			3,428			7,027			6,483
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities and other (net of tax of $0; $124; $1 and $543, respectively)		(155	)		(1,515	)		216			962
Unrealized gain on derivatives (net of tax of $305; $234; $274 and $249, respectively)		381			2,349			1,165			3,271
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		24,597			(7,983	)		941			(42,219	)
Total Comprehensive Income		101,919			41,190			184,759			77,140
Less: Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests		343			40			620			204
Comprehensive Income Attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders	$	101,576		$	41,150		$	184,139		$	76,936

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

	Six Months Ended
	November 30,			November 30,
	2019			2018
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income	$	183,818		$	119,359
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		77,572			73,025
Restructuring charges, net of payments		(1,713	)		7,464
Payments of contingent earnout obligations in excess of fair value		-			1,558
Deferred income taxes		(5,426	)		(1,400	)
Stock-based compensation expense		13,034			12,896
Other non-cash interest expense		-			1,552
Realized/unrealized (gains) losses on marketable securities		(8,741	)		7,496
Loss on extinguishment of debt		-			3,051
Other		(705	)		2,349
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect from purchases and sales of businesses:
Decrease in receivables		183,782			92,398
(Increase) in inventory		(41,129	)		(49,020	)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current and long-term assets		8,524			(942	)
(Decrease) in accounts payable		(70,712	)		(117,678	)
(Decrease) in accrued compensation and benefits		(53,589	)		(41,470	)
Increase in accrued losses		1,894			1,131
Increase in other accrued liabilities		13,644			33,422
Other		(90	)		3,098
Cash Provided By Operating Activities		300,163			148,289
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures		(71,393	)		(57,775	)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired		(36,281	)		(127,848	)
Purchase of marketable securities		(14,332	)		(13,276	)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities		13,100			35,426
Other		2,183			(2,394	)
Cash (Used For) Investing Activities		(106,723	)		(165,867	)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Additions to long-term and short-term debt		539,277			447,843
Reductions of long-term and short-term debt		(542,744	)		(247,440	)
Cash dividends		(92,040	)		(89,196	)
Shares repurchased		(100,000	)		(81,992	)
Shares returned for taxes		(10,155	)		(16,466	)
Payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration		(187	)		(3,531	)
Other		(664	)		(391	)
Cash (Used For) Provided By Financing Activities		(206,513	)		8,827
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents		(1,922	)		(8,757	)
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents		(14,995	)		(17,508	)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period		223,168			244,422
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	208,173		$	226,914
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flows Information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	58,953		$	49,687
Income Taxes, net of refunds	$	73,322		$	25,311
Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Conversion of Debt to Equity	$	-		$	38,239

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

Three Months Ended

Six Months Ended

November 30,

November 30,

November 30,

November 30,

2018

2017

2018

2017

Net Sales

$
1,362,531

$
1,315,416

$
2,822,520

$
2,660,810

Cost of Sales

824,562

764,401

1,690,509

1,537,787

Gross Profit

537,969

551,015

1,132,011

1,123,023

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

430,080

419,599

889,822

814,008

Restructuring Charges

7,724

-

27,800

-

Interest Expense

23,127

26,396

47,533

53,169

Investment Expense (Income), Net

7,033

(3,739
)

4,600

(8,192
)
Other Expense (Income), Net

3,412

(422
)

3,725

(427
)
Income Before Income Taxes

66,593

109,181

158,531

264,465

Provision for Income Taxes

17,420

13,323

39,172

51,704

Net Income

49,173

95,858

119,359

212,761

Less:  Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

(51
)

395

371

882

Net Income Attributable to RPM International Inc.
   Stockholders

$
49,224

$
95,463

$
118,988

$
211,879

Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding:

Basic

131,058

131,163

131,467

131,204

Diluted

131,667

135,592

133,278

135,663

Earnings per Share of Common Stock Attributable to
   RPM International Inc. Stockholders:

Basic

$
0.37

$
0.72

$
0.90

$
1.59

Diluted

$
0.37

$
0.70

$
0.89

$
1.56

Cash Dividends Declared per Share of Common Stock

$
0.350

$
0.320

$
0.670

$
0.620

	Common Stock											Accumulated
	Number											Other						Total RPM
	of			Par/Stated			Paid-In		Treasury			Comprehensive			Retained			International			Noncontrolling			Total
	Shares			Value			Capital		Stock			Income (Loss)			Earnings			Inc. Equity			Interests			Equity
Balance at June 1, 2019		130,995		$	1,310		$	994,508	$	(437,290	)	$	(577,628	)	$	1,425,052		$	1,405,952		$	2,653		$	1,408,605
Net income		-			-			-		-			-			106,188			106,188			308			106,496
Other comprehensive (loss)		-			-			-		-			(23,625	)		-			(23,625	)		(31	)		(23,656	)
Dividends declared and paid ($0.35 per share)		-			-			-		-			-			(45,323	)		(45,323	)		-			(45,323	)
Other noncontrolling interest activity		-			-			-		-			-			-			-			(297	)		(297	)
Share repurchases under repurchase program		(1,656	)		(16	)		16		(100,000	)		-			-			(100,000	)		-			(100,000	)
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes		330			3			6,557		(6,360	)		-			-			200			-			200
Balance at August 31, 2019		129,669		$	1,297		$	1,001,081	$	(543,650	)	$	(601,253	)	$	1,485,917		$	1,343,392		$	2,633		$	1,346,025
Net income		-			-			-		-			-			77,030			77,030			292			77,322
Other comprehensive (loss) income		-			-			-		-			24,546			-			24,546			51			24,597
Dividends declared and paid ($0.36 per share)		-			-			-		-			-			(46,717	)		(46,717	)		-			(46,717	)
Other noncontrolling interest activity		-			-			-		-			-			-			-			(368	)		(368	)
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes		97			1			6,473		(4,033	)		-			-			2,441			-			2,441
Balance at November 30, 2019		129,766		$	1,298		$	1,007,554	$	(547,683	)	$	(576,707	)	$	1,516,230		$	1,400,692		$	2,608		$	1,403,300

	Common Stock												Accumulated
	Number												Other						Total RPM
	of			Par/Stated			Paid-In			Treasury			Comprehensive			Retained			International			Noncontrolling			Total
	Shares			Value			Capital			Stock			Income (Loss)			Earnings			Inc. Equity			Interests			Equity
Balance at June 1, 2018		133,647		$	1,336		$	982,067		$	(236,318	)	$	(459,048	)	$	1,342,736		$	1,630,773		$	2,765		$	1,633,538
Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2014-09		-			-			-			-			-			(2,833	)		(2,833	)		-			(2,833	)
Net income		-			-			-			-			-			69,764			69,764			422			70,186
Other comprehensive (loss)		-			-			-			-			(33,978	)		-			(33,978	)		(258	)		(34,236	)
Dividends declared and paid ($0.32 per share)		-			-			-			-			-			(42,715	)		(42,715	)		-			(42,715	)
Other noncontrolling interest activity		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			3			3
Share repurchases under repurchase program		(103	)		(1	)		1			(6,994	)		-			-			(6,994	)		-			(6,994	)
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes		(136	)		(1	)		10,018			(13,587	)		-			-			(3,570	)		-			(3,570	)
Balance at August 31, 2018		133,408		$	1,334		$	992,086		$	(256,899	)	$	(493,026	)	$	1,366,952		$	1,610,447		$	2,932		$	1,613,379
Net income (loss)		-			-			-			-			-			49,224			49,224			(51	)		49,173
Other comprehensive (loss)		-			-			-			-			(8,074	)		-			(8,074	)		91			(7,983	)
Dividends declared and paid ($0.35 per share)		-			-			-			-			-			(46,481	)		(46,481	)		-			(46,481	)
Other noncontrolling interest activity		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			567			567
Share repurchases under repurchase program		(1,145	)		(11	)		11			(74,998	)		-			-			(74,998	)		-			(74,998	)
Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less shares returned for taxes		274			2			7,277			(2,082	)		-			-			5,197			-			5,197
Convertible bond redemption		599			6			(23,029	)		20,215			-			-			(2,808	)		-			(2,808	)
Balance at November 30, 2018		133,136		$	1,331		$	976,345		$	(313,764	)	$	(501,100	)	$	1,369,695		$	1,532,507		$	3,539		$	1,536,046

The accompanying ~~notes~~Notes to ~~consolidated financial statements~~Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

Three Months Ended

Six Months Ended

November 30,

November 30,

November 30,

November 30,

2018

2017

2018

2017

Net Income

$
49,173

$
95,858

$
119,359

$
212,761

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

Foreign currency translation adjustments

(12,245
)

(8,158
)

(52,935
)

36,320

Pension and other postretirement benefit liability adjustments
(net of tax of $1,108; $1,611; $2,090 and $2,257, respectively)

3,428

3,066

6,483

3,695

Unrealized (loss) gain on securities and other (net of tax of $124; $1,176; $543 and $1,027, respectively)

(1,515
)

2,549

962

2,471

Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives

2,349

(2,746
)

3,271

(3,140
)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income

(7,983
)

(5,289
)

(42,219
)

39,346

Total Comprehensive Income

41,190

90,569

77,140

252,107

Less: Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

40

323

204

841

Comprehensive Income Attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders

$
41,150

$
90,246

$
76,936

$
251,266

~~The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.~~

Six Months Ended

November 30,

November 30,

2018

2017

Cash Flows From Operating Activities:

Net income

$
119,359

$
212,761

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:

Depreciation

49,589

40,386

Amortization

23,436

23,245

Restructuring charges, net of payments

7,464

-

Fair value adjustments to contingent earnout obligations

1,558

-

Deferred income taxes

(1,400
)

(32,276
)
Stock-based compensation expense

12,896

14,429

Other non-cash interest expense

1,552

2,843

Realized/unrealized losses (gains) on marketable securities

7,496

(4,897
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt

3,051

-

Other

2,349

9

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect from purchases and sales of businesses:

Decrease in receivables

92,398

34,136

(Increase) in inventory

(49,020
)

(62,923
)
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current and long-term assets

(942
)

3,919

(Decrease) in accounts payable

(117,678
)

(95,302
)
(Decrease) in accrued compensation and benefits

(41,470
)

(45,464
)
Increase (decrease) in accrued losses

1,131

(8,490
)
Increase in other accrued liabilities

33,422

33,304

Other

3,098

(494
)
Cash Provided By Operating Activities

148,289

115,186

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:

Capital expenditures

(57,775
)

(45,295
)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired

(127,848
)

(54,647
)
Purchase of marketable securities

(13,276
)

(96,039
)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities

35,426

58,867

Other

(2,394
)

469

Cash (Used For) Investing Activities

(165,867
)

(136,645
)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:

Additions to long-term and short-term debt

447,843

35,036

Reductions of long-term and short-term debt

(247,440
)

(1,535
)
Cash dividends

(89,196
)

(82,878
)
Shares repurchased and shares returned for taxes

(98,458
)

(12,125
)
Payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration

(3,531
)

(3,359
)
Other

(391
)

(1,464
)
Cash Provided By (Used For) Financing Activities

8,827

(66,325
)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents

(8,757
)

5,144

Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents

(17,508
)

(82,640
)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period

244,422

350,497

Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period

$
226,914

$
267,857

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flows Information:

Cash paid during the period for:

Interest

$
49,687

$
48,769

Income Taxes

$
25,311

$
60,277

Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:

Conversion of Debt to Equity

$
38,239

$
-

~~The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.~~

The accompanying unaudited ~~consolidated financial statements~~Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included for the ~~three~~three- and ~~six month~~six-month periods ended November 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017.~~2018. For further information, refer to the ~~consolidated financial statements~~Consolidated Financial Statements and ~~notes~~Notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Our financial statements include all of our majority-owned subsidiaries. We account for our investments in less-than-majority-owned joint ventures, for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, under the equity method. Effects of transactions between related companies are eliminated in consolidation.

Noncontrolling interests are presented in our ~~consolidated financial statements~~Consolidated Financial Statements as if parent company investors (controlling interests) and other minority investors (noncontrolling interests) in partially-owned subsidiaries have similar economic interests in a single entity. As a result, investments in noncontrolling interests are reported as equity in our ~~consolidated financial statements.~~Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, our ~~consolidated financial statements~~Consolidated Financial Statements include 100% of a controlled subsidiary’s earnings, rather than only our share. Transactions between the parent company and noncontrolling interests are reported in equity as transactions between stockholders, provided that these transactions do not create a change in control.

Our business is dependent on external weather factors. Historically, we have experienced strong sales and net income in our first, second and fourth fiscal quarters comprising the ~~three month~~three-month periods ending August 31, November 30 and May 31, respectively, with weaker performance in our third fiscal quarter (December through February).

Effective June 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” and all the related amendments included within Accounting Standards Codification 606 (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective method of adoption. Under the modified retrospective method, comparative periods are not restated. The new standard requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This update creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of contract(s), which includes (i) identifying the contract(s) with the customer, (ii) identifying the separate performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determining the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations, and (v) recognizing revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. As a result of our adoption procedures, we determined that revenue recognition for our broad portfolio of products and services will remain largely unchanged. Accordingly, our adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on our overall Consolidated Financial Statements. Refer to Note 16, “Revenue,” and Note 17, “Segment Information,” for additional information.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” which provides amended guidance for certain aspects of recognition, measurement and disclosure of financial instruments. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods. The main provisions of the standard impact how we account for changes in the fair value of our marketable securities currently classified as available-for-sale. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale equity securities are required to be recognized in earnings rather than in other comprehensive income. Our adoption of the new standard during fiscal 2019 did not have a material effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. See Note 4, “Marketable Securities,” for additional information.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which increases lease transparency and comparability among organizations. Under the new standard, lessees ~~will be~~are required to recognize ~~all assets~~a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset representing our right to use an underlying asset and ~~liabilities arising from leases on~~a lease liability representing our obligation to make lease payments over the ~~balance sheet,~~lease term, with the exception of leases with a term of 12 months or less, which permits a lessee to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and liabilities. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. In March 2018, the FASB approved an alternative transition method to the modified retrospective approach, which eliminates the requirement to restate prior period financial statements and requires the cumulative effect of the retrospective allocation to be recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the date of adoption.

We have ~~selected~~adopted the new leasing standard on the required effective date of June 1, 2019 using the alternative transition method as described above. Results for ~~adoption, which we will adopt~~reporting periods beginning on June 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts continue to be reported and disclosed in accordance with our historical accounting treatment under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 840, “Leases (ASC 840).” We elected to apply the package of practical expedients permitted under the ASC 842 transition guidance. Accordingly, we did not reassess whether any expired or expiring contracts contain leases, lease classification between finance and operating leases, and the recognition of initial direct costs of leases commencing before the effective date. We also applied the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components to existing leases, as well as new leases through transition. However, we did not elect the hindsight practical expedient to determine the lease term for existing leases. As a result of our adoption procedures, we have determined that the new guidance had a material impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and did not have a material effect on our Consolidated Statements of Income, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows or our debt covenants. The effects of our transition to ASC 842 resulted in 0 cumulative adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. Refer to Note 13, “Leases,” for additional information.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” which requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Additionally, the standard amends the current available-for-sale security other-than-temporary impairment model for debt securities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted beginning after December 15, 2018. We are ~~still evaluating~~currently reviewing the ~~impact~~provisions of this new pronouncement, but do not expect our adoption of this guidance ~~will~~to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. ~~At a minimum, total assets and total liabilities will increase in the period the ASU is adopted.~~

In August 2018, the SEC issued Final Rule Release No. 33-10532, “Disclosure Update and Simplification,” which makes a number of changes meant to simplify interim disclosures. The new rule requires a presentation of changes in stockholders’ equity and noncontrolling interest in the form of a reconciliation, either as a separate financial statement or in the notes to the financial statements, for the current and comparative year-to-date interim periods. ~~We do not believe that any of~~In July 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-07, “Codification Updates to SEC Sections – Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Final Rule Releases No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, and Nos. 33-10231 and 33-10442, Investment Company Reporting Modernization and Miscellaneous Updates (SEC Update).” ASU 2019-07 codifies Final Rule Release No. 33-10532. The additional elements of this release will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We will adopt the new disclosure requirement beginning with our third quarter Form 10-Q for the period ending February 28, 2019.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” which makes a number of changes meant to add or clarify guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. Our June 1, 2018 adoption of the new guidance, which we applied retrospectively to all periods presented, did not have a material impact on our overall Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business,” with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities in evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (disposals) of assets or of businesses. We adopted the new ~~guidance as of June 1, 2018 and do not expect this revised guidance to have a material impact on~~disclosure requirements in our ~~Consolidated Financial Statements.~~Form 10-Q for the period ended February 28, 2019.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” to eliminate step two from the goodwill impairment test in order to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. Adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In ~~March 2017,~~February 2018, the FASB issued ASU ~~2017-07, “Improving~~2018-02, “Income Statement (Topic 220), Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” which allows for an entity to reclassify the ~~Presentation~~tax effects of ~~Net Periodic Pension Cost~~the U.S. Tax Cuts and ~~Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,” which requires~~Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”) that ~~an employer report the service cost component~~were previously recorded in ~~the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period.~~accumulated comprehensive income to retained earnings. The ~~other components~~adoption of ~~net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. Our~~this new guidance, effective June 1, ~~2018 adoption of the new guidance~~2019, did not have a material ~~impact~~effect on our Consolidated Financial ~~Statements.~~Statements as we did not elect the option to reclassify to retained earnings the tax effects resulting from the Tax Act that were previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of the update. We do not expect our adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20), Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with employers that sponsor defined benefit or other postretirement plans. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities and the amendments in this update are required to be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this new pronouncement, but do not expect our adoption of this guidance ~~is not expected~~ to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In ~~August 2018,~~December 2019, the FASB issued ASU ~~2018-15, “Intangible—Goodwill and Other- Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)~~2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740), ~~Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.~~” ~~The update makes a number of changes meant to help entities evaluate~~which simplifies the accounting for ~~fees paid~~income taxes by ~~a customer~~removing certain exceptions to the general principles in ~~a cloud computing arrangement (hosting arrangement),~~Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by ~~providing guidance in determining when the arrangement includes a software license.~~clarifying and amending existing guidance. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, ~~2019. Our early~~2020. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Depending on the amendment, adoption may be applied on the retrospective, modified retrospective or prospective basis. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this new pronouncement, but do not expect our adoption of this ~~revised~~ guidance ~~as of June 1, 2018 did not~~to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)~~NOTE 3 — CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE

During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we changed our method of accounting for shipping and handling costs, which we have identified as costs paid to third-party shippers for transporting products to customers. Under the new method of accounting, we include shipping costs in cost of sales, whereas previously, they were included in SG&A expense.

We believe that including these expenses in cost of sales is preferable, as it better aligns these costs with the related revenue in the gross profit calculation and is consistent with the practices of other industry peers. This change in accounting principle has been applied retrospectively, and the consolidated statements of income reflect the effect of this accounting principle change for all periods presented. This reclassification had no impact on income before income taxes, net income attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders, net income or earnings per share. The consolidated balance sheets, statements of comprehensive income, statements of stockholders’ equity, and statements of cash flows were not impacted by this accounting principle change.

The consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting principle. The impact of the adjustment for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018 was an increase of $44.2 million and $88.9 million, respectively, to cost of sales and a corresponding decrease to SG&A expense.

We record restructuring charges associated with management-approved restructuring plans to either reorganize one or more of our business segments, or to remove duplicative headcount and infrastructure associated with our businesses. Restructuring charges can include severance costs to eliminate a specified number of employees, infrastructure charges to vacate facilities and consolidate operations, contract cancellation costs and other costs. Restructuring charges are recorded based upon planned employee termination dates and site closure and consolidation plans. The timing of associated cash payments is dependent upon the type of restructuring charge and can extend over a multi-year period. We record the short-term portion of our restructuring liability in Other Accrued Liabilities and the long-term portion, if any, in Other Long-Term Liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Between May and August 2018, we approved and implemented the initial phases of a multi-year restructuring plan, the 2020 Margin Acceleration Plan (“2020 MAP to Growth”). The initial phases of our ~~plan~~2020 MAP to Growth affected on all of our reportable segments, as well as our corporate/nonoperating segment, and focused on margin improvement by simplifying business processes; reducing inventory categories and rationalizing SKUs; eliminating underperforming businesses; reducing headcount and working capital; and improving operating efficiency. The majority of the activities included in the initial phases of the restructuring activities have been completed.

During the second quarter ended November 30, 2018, we formally announced the final phases of our 2020 MAP to Growth. This multi-year restructuring is expected to increase operational efficiency while maintaining our entrepreneurial growth culture and will include three additional phases between September 2018 and December 2020. Our execution of the ~~restructuring plan~~2020 MAP to Growth will continue to drive the de-layering and simplification of management and businesses associated with group realignment. We will implement four center-led functional areas including manufacturing and operations; procurement and supply chain; information technology; and accounting and finance.

Our ~~restructuring plan~~2020 MAP to Growth will optimize our manufacturing facilities and will ultimately provide more efficient plant and distribution facilities. InTo date, in association with our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative, we have completed, or are in the ~~first phase~~process of ~~the restructuring we are implementing~~completing, the planned closure of ~~twelve~~18 plants and ~~seven~~23 warehouses. We also expect to incur additional severance and benefit costs as part of our planned closure of these facilities.

Throughout the additional phases of our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative, we will continue to assess and find areas of improvement and cost savings. As such, the final implementation of the aforementioned phases and total expected costs are subject to change. In addition to the announced plan, we have continued to broaden the scope of our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative, specifically in consolidation of the general and administrative areas, potential outsourcing, as well as additional future plant closures and consolidations; the estimated costs of which have not yet been finalized. The current total expected costs associated with this plan are outlined in the table below and ~~decreased~~increased by approximately ~~$5.7~~$4.6 million compared to our previous estimate, primarily attributable to ~~a reduction~~increases in expected ~~facility closure~~severance and ~~other related costs within our industrial segment as well as a reduction in the expected severance~~benefit charges ~~within our consumer segment. All~~of $4.6 million. Most activities under our 2020 MAP to Growth are anticipated to be completed by the end of calendar year 2020.

AFollowing is a summary of the charges recorded in connection with restructuring by reportable ~~segment during fiscal 2019 is as follows:~~segment:

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended		Cumulative Costs		Total Expected		Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended		Cumulative Costs		Total Expected
(in thousands)	November 30, 2018		November 30, 2018		to Date		Costs		November 30, 2019		November 30, 2019		to Date		Costs

Consumer Segment:
Construction Products Group (“CPG”) Segment:
Severance and benefit costs (a)	$	279	$	1,830	$	7,482	$	8,710	$	1,447	$	1,607	$	12,836	$	22,146
Facility closure and other related costs		170		170		5,309		12,445		110		798		3,767		4,597
Other asset write-offs		2		2		2		2		39		39		1,629		2,151
Total Charges	$	451	$	2,002	$	12,793	$	21,157	$	1,596	$	2,444	$	18,232	$	28,894

Industrial Segment:
Performance Coatings Group (“PCG”) Segment:
Severance and benefit costs (b)	$	3,407	$	9,772	$	11,944	$	12,396	$	431	$	2,931	$	9,344	$	14,765
Facility closure and other related costs		867		1,303		2,347		21,800		636		745		4,219		6,638
Other asset write-offs		149		727		2,097		2,097		172		172		523		528
Total Charges	$	4,423	$	11,802	$	16,388	$	36,293	$	1,239	$	3,848	$	14,086	$	21,931

Specialty Segment:
Consumer Group (“Consumer”) Segment:
Severance and benefit costs (c)	$	1,786	$	3,933	$	3,933	$	5,367	$	780	$	1,547	$	8,925	$	12,424
Facility closure and other related costs		-		-		-		3,776		344		860		7,552		9,352
Other asset write-offs		3		3		3		3		-		-		25		25
Total Charges	$	1,789	$	3,936	$	3,936	$	9,146	$	1,124	$	2,407	$	16,502	$	21,801

Specialty Products Group (“Specialty”) Segment:
Severance and benefit costs (d)									$	48	$	414	$	5,750	$	10,640
Facility closure and other related costs										731		2,190		3,434		6,697
Other asset write-offs										40		104		1,107		1,334
Total Charges									$	819	$	2,708	$	10,291	$	18,671

Corporate/Other Segment:
Severance and benefit costs (d)	$	1,061	$	10,060	$	12,196	$	12,657
Severance and benefit costs									$	23	$	16	$	12,136	$	12,136
Total Charges	$	1,061	$	10,060	$	12,196	$	12,657	$	23	$	16	$	12,136	$	12,136

Consolidated:
Severance and benefit costs	$	6,533	$	25,595	$	35,555	$	39,130	$	2,729	$	6,515	$	48,991	$	72,111
Facility closure and other related costs		1,037		1,473		7,656		38,021		1,821		4,593		18,972		27,284
Other asset write-offs		154		732		2,102		2,102		251		315		3,284		4,038
Total Charges	$	7,724	$	27,800	$	45,313	$	79,253	$	4,801	$	11,423	$	71,247	$	103,433

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
(in thousands)	November 30, 2018		November 30, 2018

Construction Products Group (“CPG”) Segment:
Severance and benefit costs (e)	$	3,574	$	5,993
Facility closure and other related costs		384		397
Other asset write-offs		3		368
Total Charges	$	3,961	$	6,758

Performance Coatings Group (“PCG”) Segment:
Severance and benefit costs (f)	$	364	$	4,769
Facility closure and other related costs		483		906
Other asset write-offs		146		359
Total Charges	$	993	$	6,034

Consumer Group (“Consumer”) Segment:
Severance and benefit costs (g)	$	76	$	1,095
Facility closure and other related costs		105		105
Other asset write-offs		-		-
Total Charges	$	181	$	1,200

Specialty Products Group (“Specialty”) Segment:
Severance and benefit costs (h)	$	1,458	$	3,678
Facility closure and other related costs		65		65
Other asset write-offs		5		5
Total Charges	$	1,528	$	3,748

Corporate/Other Segment:
Severance and benefit costs (i)	$	1,061	$	10,060
Total Charges	$	1,061	$	10,060

Consolidated:
Severance and benefit costs	$	6,533	$	25,595
Facility closure and other related costs		1,037		1,473
Other asset write-offs		154		732
Total Charges	$	7,724	$	27,800

A summary of the activity in the restructuring reserves related to our 2020 MAP to Growth is as follows:

(in thousands)													Severance and Benefits Costs			Facility Closure and Other Related Costs			Other Asset Write-Offs			Total
Balance at August 31, 2019													$	2,946		$	9,430		$	-		$	12,376
Additions charged to expense														2,729			1,821			251			4,801
Cash payments charged against reserve														(2,109	)		(5,016	)		-			(7,125	)
Non-cash charges included above (j)														-			(155	)		(251	)		(406	)
Balance at November 30, 2019													$	3,566		$	6,080		$	-		$	9,646

(in thousands)													Severance and Benefits Costs			Facility Closure and Other Related Costs			Other Asset Write-Offs			Total
Balance at June 1, 2019													$	4,837		$	7,857		$	-			12,694
Additions charged to expense														6,515			4,593			315			11,423
Cash payments charged against reserve														(7,786	)		(5,350	)		-			(13,136	)
Non-cash charges included above (j)														-			(1,020	)		(315	)		(1,335	)
Balance at November 30, 2019													$	3,566		$	6,080		$	-		$	9,646

(in thousands)	Severance and Benefits Costs			Facility Closure and Other Related Costs			Other Asset Write-Offs			Total			Severance and Benefits Costs			Facility Closure and Other Related Costs			Other Asset Write-Offs			Total
Balance at August 31, 2018	$	10,960		$	5,364		$	-		$	16,324		$	10,960		$	5,364		$	-		$	16,324
Additions charged to expense		6,533			1,037			154			7,724			6,533			1,037			154			7,724
Cash payments charged against reserve		(6,013	)		(1,330	)		-			(7,343	)		(6,013	)		(1,330	)		-			(7,343	)
Non-cash charges included above (e)		(1,053	)		(2,536	)		(154	)		(3,743	)
Non-cash charges included above (j)														(1,053	)		(2,536	)		(154	)		(3,743	)
Balance at November 30, 2018	$	10,427		$	2,535		$	-		$	12,962		$	10,427		$	2,535		$	-		$	12,962

(in thousands)	Severance and Benefits Costs			Facility Closure and Other Related Costs			Other Asset Write-Offs			Total			Severance and Benefits Costs			Facility Closure and Other Related Costs			Other Asset Write-Offs			Total
Balance at June 1, 2018	$	9,957		$	6,184		$	1,373		$	17,514		$	9,957		$	6,184		$	1,373		$	17,514
Additions charged to expense		25,595			1,473			732			27,800			25,595			1,473			732			27,800
Cash payments charged against reserve		(18,588	)		(1,748	)					(20,336	)		(18,588	)		(1,748	)		-			(20,336	)
Non-cash charges included above (e)		(6,537	)		(3,374	)		(2,105	)		(12,016	)
Non-cash charges included above (j)														(6,537	)		(3,374	)		(2,105	)		(12,016	)
Balance at November 30, 2018	$	10,427		$	2,535		$	-		$	12,962		$	10,427		$	2,535		$	-		$	12,962

In connection with our 2020 MAP to Growth, during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, we incurred approximately ~~$2.6~~$6.3 million and $1.0 million of inventory-related charges at our ~~industrial~~Consumer and ~~consumer~~PCG segments, respectively. During the first half of fiscal 2020, we incurred $7.2 million, $3.1 million and $0.3 million of inventory-related charges at our Consumer, PCG, and CPG segments, respectively. During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we incurred approximately $2.3 million, $1.0 million and $0.3 million of inventory-related charges at our PCG, Consumer and CPG segments, respectively. During the first half of fiscal 2019, we incurred ~~approximately $7.1~~$6.6 million, $1.3 million and ~~$1.3~~$0.5 million of inventory-related charges at our ~~industrial~~PCG, Consumer and ~~consumer~~CPG segments, respectively. The fiscal 2019 inventory-related charges ~~are~~were partially offset by a favorable adjustment of approximately $0.2 million to the ~~previous~~fiscal 2018 inventory write-off at our ~~consumer~~Consumer segment. All of the aforementioned inventory-related charges are recorded in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Income. These inventory charges were the result of product line and SKU rationalization initiatives in connection with our overall plan of restructuring.

~~The following tables summarize available-for-sale marketable securities held at November 30, 2018 and May 31, 2018 by asset type:~~

Marketable securities, included in other current and long-term assets totaling $7.8 million and $15.4 million at November 30, 2018, respectively, and included in other current and long-term assets totaling $97.4 million and $70.7 million at May 31, 2018, respectively, are composed of available-for-sale securities and are reported at fair value. We carry a portion of our marketable securities portfolio in long-term assets since they are generally held for the settlement of our general and product liability insurance claims processed through our wholly owned captive insurance subsidiaries.

Marketable securities are composed of available-for-sale debt securities and are reported at fair value. Realized gains and losses on sales of investments are recognized in net income on the specific identification basis. Changes in the fair values of securities that are considered temporary are recorded as unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable taxes, in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Other-than-temporary declines in market value from original cost are reflected in investment income, net in the period in which the unrealized losses are deemed other than temporary. In order to determine whether other-than-temporary declines in market value have occurred, the duration of the decline in value and our ability to hold the investment are considered in conjunction with an evaluation of the strength of the underlying collateral and the extent to which the investment’s amortized cost or cost, as appropriate, exceeds its related market value.

During fiscal 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities,” which requires gains and losses on marketable equity securities to be recognized in earnings rather than in other comprehensive income. Prior to adoption, equity securities were included in our available-for-sale portfolio and unrealized changes in fair value were recognized through other comprehensive (loss) income until realized, at which point we recorded a gain or loss on sale. As of November 30, 2018, we held approximately $116.7 million in equity securities. Additionally, as of November 30, 2018 and May 31, 2018, we held approximately $12.0 million and $9.9 million, respectively, in trading securities in relation to our deferred compensation plan.

Gross realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities are included in investment (income), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Refer to Note 7, “Investment Expense (Income), Net,” for further details.

Summarized below are the available-for-sale securities we held at November 30, 2018 and May 31, 2018 that were in an unrealized loss position and that were included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss), aggregated by the length of time the investments had been in that position:

We have reviewed all of the securities included in the table above and have concluded that we have the ability and intent to hold these investments until their cost can be recovered, based upon the severity and duration of the decline. Therefore, we did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment losses on these investments. The unrealized losses generally relate to investments whose fair values at November 30, 2018 were less than 15% below their original cost. From time to time, we may experience significant volatility in

general economic and market conditions. If we were to experience unrealized losses that were to continue for longer periods of time, or arise to more significant levels of unrealized losses within our portfolio of investments in marketable securities in the future, we may recognize additional other-than-temporary impairment losses. As such, we continue to closely evaluate the status of our investments and our ability and intent to hold these investments.

The net carrying values of debt securities at November 30, 2018, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties.

Financial instruments recorded in the balance sheet include cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, marketable securities, notes and accounts payable, and debt.

An allowance for anticipated uncollectible trade receivable amounts is established using a combination of specifically identified accounts to be reserved, and a reserve covering trends in collectibility. These estimates are based on an analysis of trends in collectibility and past experience, but are primarily made up of individual account balances identified as doubtful based on specific facts and conditions. Receivable losses are charged against the allowance when we confirm uncollectibility.

All derivative instruments are recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value. Changes in the fair values of derivative instruments that do not qualify as hedges and/or any ineffective portion of hedges are recognized as a gain or (loss) in our Consolidated Statements of Income in the current period. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used effectively as cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), along with the change in the value of the hedged item. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

The valuation techniques utilized for establishing the fair values of assets and liabilities are based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect management’s market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows:

Level 2 Inputs — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

The following tables present our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy.

(In thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at November 30, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Fair Value at November 30, 2019
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and other government	$	-	$	22,783	$	-	$	22,783	$	-	$	24,209	$	-		$	24,209
Corporate bonds				440				440				471					471
Total available-for-sale debt securities		-		23,223		-		23,223		-		24,680		-			24,680
Trading and other equity securities:
Mutual funds - foreign				43,940				43,940				36,251					36,251
Mutual funds - domestic				84,726				84,726				75,037					75,037
Total trading and other equity securities		-		128,666		-		128,666		-		111,288		-			111,288
Contingent consideration						15,999		15,999						(15,748	)		(15,748	)
Total	$	-	$	151,889	$	15,999	$	167,888	$	-	$	135,968	$	(15,748	)	$	120,220

(In thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Fair Value at May 31, 2018			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Fair Value at May 31, 2019
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and other government	$	-	$	23,049	$	-		$	23,049		$	-	$	24,547	$	-		$	24,547
Corporate bonds				467					467					462					462
Total available-for-sale debt securities												-		25,009		-			25,009
Trading and other equity securities:
Mutual funds - foreign				47,410					47,410					32,082					32,082
Mutual funds - domestic				107,017					107,017					67,739					67,739
Total trading and other equity securities												-		99,821		-			99,821
Contingent consideration						(17,998	)		(17,998	)						(21,551	)		(21,551	)
Total	$	-	$	177,943	$	(17,998	)	$	159,945		$	-	$	124,830	$	(21,551	)	$	103,279

Our investments in available-for-sale debt securities and trading and other equity securities ~~and~~ are valued using a market approach. The availability of inputs observable in the market varies from instrument to instrument and depends on a variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is actively traded and other characteristics particular to the transaction. For most of our financial instruments, pricing inputs are readily observable in the market, the valuation methodology used is widely accepted by market participants, and the valuation does not require significant management discretion. For other financial instruments, pricing inputs are less observable in the market and may require management judgment.

The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value of the additional variable cash consideration payable in connection with recent acquisitions that is contingent upon the achievement of certain performance milestones. We estimated the fair value using expected future cash flows over the period in which the obligation is expected to be settled, and applied a discount rate that appropriately captures a market participant's view of the risk associated with the obligation, which are considered to be Level 3 inputs. During the first half of fiscal 2020, we paid approximately $5.9 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during the current period. During the first half of fiscal 2019, we paid approximately $4.7 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during ~~the current period,~~last year’s first half and recorded an increase in the accrual for approximately $2.7 million related to fair value adjustments. ~~During~~In the ~~first half~~Consolidated Statements of fiscal 2018, we paid approximately $3.3 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during last year’s first half. These amounts are reported inCash Flows, payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration for the amount recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date are reported in cash flows from ~~operations and from~~ financing activities, while payments of contingent consideration in ~~the Consolidated Statements~~excess of ~~Cash Flows.~~

The carrying value of our current financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these financial instruments. At November 30, ~~2018~~2019 and May 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the fair value of our long-term debt was estimated using active market quotes, based on our current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, which are ~~considered to be~~ Level 2 inputs. Based on the analysis performed, the fair value and the carrying value of our financial instruments and long-term debt as of November 30, ~~2018~~2019 and May 31, ~~2018~~2019 are as follows:

We are exposed to market risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, from time to time, we enter into various derivative transactions. We use various types of derivative instruments including forward contracts and swaps. We formally assess, designate and document, as a hedge of an underlying exposure, each qualifying derivative instrument that will be accounted for as an accounting hedge at inception. Additionally, we assess, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the financial instruments used in the hedging transaction are effective at offsetting changes in either the fair values or cash flows of the underlying exposures.

In October 2017, as a means of mitigating the impact of currency fluctuations on our Euro investments in foreign entities, we executed a fair value hedge and ~~two~~2 cross currency swaps, in which we will pay variable rate interest in Euros and receive fixed rate interest in U.S. Dollars with a combined notional amount of approximately €85.25 million ($100 million U.S. Dollar equivalent), and which have a maturity date of November 2022. This effectively converts a portion of our U.S. Dollar denominated fixed-rate debt to Euro denominated variable rate debt. The fair value hedge is recognized at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, while changes in the fair value of the hedge are recognized in interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We designated the swaps as net investment hedges of our net investment in our European operations under ASU 2017-12 and applied the spot method to these hedges. The changes in fair value of the derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedges of net investments in foreign operations are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to offset the changes in the values of the net investments being hedged. Amounts released from AOCI and reclassified into interest expense did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented.

We have designated certain forward contracts as hedging instruments pursuant to ASC No. 815 (“ASC 815”), “Derivatives and Hedging.” Changes in the fair value of these highly effective hedges are recorded as a component of AOCI. During the period in which a forecasted transaction affects earnings, amounts previously recorded as a component of AOCI are reclassified into earnings as a component of cost of sales. Amounts released from AOCI and reclassified into earnings did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented. As of May 31, 2018 the notional amount of the forward contracts held to sell international currencies was $8.7 million, while there was no amount held at November 30, 2018.

At November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, and May 31, 2019, we held ~~one~~1 foreign currency forward contract designed to reduce our exposure to changes in the cash flows of intercompany foreign-currency-denominated loans related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates by fixing the functional currency cash flows. The contract has not been designated as a hedge; therefore, the changes in fair value of the derivative are recognized in earnings as a component of ~~other (income) expense.~~selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”). Amounts recognized in earnings did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented. As of November 30, ~~2018~~2019 and May 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the notional amounts of the forward contract held to purchase foreign currencies was ~~$15.0~~$61.0 million and ~~$147.4~~$38.7 million, respectively.

All of our derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. We determine the fair value of our derivatives based on valuation methods, which project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to present value using market based observable inputs, including interest rate curves, foreign currency rates, as well as future and basis point spreads, as applicable.

The fair values of qualifying and non-qualifying instruments used in hedging transactions as of November 30, ~~2018~~2019 and May 31, ~~2018~~2019 are as follows:

Investment (income) expense, ~~(income),~~ net, consists of the following components:

Of the $6.9 million in net gains on marketable securities recognized during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, approximately $6.0 million related to unrealized gains on marketable equity securities and approximately $1.0 million was related to unrealized gains on trading securities. Additionally, of the $10.5 million in net gains on marketable securities recognized during the first half of fiscal 2020, approximately $8.9 million related to unrealized gains on marketable equity securities and $1.7 million in unrealized gains on trading securities.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we recognized gross realized losses on sales of marketable securities of $1.0 million and unrealized losses on trading securities of $1.0 million. For the first half of fiscal 2019, we recognized realized gains and losses on sales of securities of $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, and unrealized gains and losses on trading securities of $0.5 million

and $1.1 million, respectively. During the three and six-month periods ended November 30, 2018, we recognized $6.5 million in unrealized losses on marketable equity ~~securities as a result of our adoption of ASU 2016-01.~~

During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, we recognized gross realized gains on sales of marketable securities of $2.0 million. For the first half of fiscal 2018, we recognized gross realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities of $6.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively. securities.

~~On December 22, 2017 the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Act”) was enacted into law.~~ The ~~income tax effects of changes in tax laws are recognized in the period when enacted. The Act provides for numerous significant tax law changes and modifications with varying~~ effective ~~dates. Generally, the more significant provisions of the Act that impacted us for the year ended May 31, 2018 included the reduction in the corporate~~ income tax rate ~~from 35% to 21%, the creation~~ of a territorial tax system (with a one-time mandatory tax on previously deferred foreign earnings) and allowance for immediate capital expensing of certain qualified property. The corporate tax rate reduction was effective for RPM as of January 1, 2018 and, accordingly, reduced our fiscal year 2018 federal statutory rate to a blended rate of approximately 29.2%. The significant provisions of the Act which impact us for fiscal 2019 include the full federal statutory rate reduction to 21% and the repeal of the domestic production activities deduction. Also effective for our fiscal 2019 are provisions of the Act that subject us to current U.S. tax ~~on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries and allows a benefit for foreign-derived intangible income (“FDII”).~~

~~Subsequent to the enactment of the Act, the SEC staff issued SAB 118, which provides guidance on accounting~~24.0% for the tax effects of the Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Act’s enactment date for companies to complete the applicable accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118 and based on the information available as of May 31, 2018, we recorded a net provisional income tax expense of $7.3 million in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Act. The net provisional income tax expense was comprised of a benefit of $15.7 million related to the provisional re-measurement of our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities at the reduced U.S. corporate tax rates, a provisional expense of $67.9 million for the transition tax on unremitted earnings from foreign subsidiaries, and a provisional benefit of $44.9 million for the partial reversal of existing deferred tax liabilities recorded for the estimated tax cost associated with unremitted foreign earnings not considered permanently reinvested.

~~During the six~~three months ended November 30, ~~2018, we have not recorded any adjustments~~2019 compares to the ~~provisional amounts recorded at May 31, 2018, as a result of the Act, related to the remeasurement of our U.S. deferred balances, the~~ ~~existing deferred tax liabilities recorded for the estimated tax cost associated with unremitted foreign earnings not considered permanently reinvested~~ or for the transition tax on unremitted earnings from foreign subsidiaries. In all cases, we are continuing to compute and refine our estimates as additional analysis is completed, and certain tax attribute data becomes available. In addition, our estimates may also be revised as provisions of the Act are further clarified by taxing authorities.

We have made sufficient progress in our calculation to reasonably estimate the tax impact related to GILTI and FDII for the year ended May 31, 2019 and included it in the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of GILTI and FDII was not material for the

~~six months ended November 30, 2018. We will continue to refine our calculations, which may result in changes to the expected impact for fiscal year 2019.~~

~~The~~ effective income tax rate of 26.2% for the ~~three-months~~three months ended November 30, ~~2018 compares to an~~2018. The effective income tax ~~rate of 12.2%~~rates for the ~~three-month period~~three months ended November 30, ~~2017.~~ ~~The effective tax rate for the three-months ended November 30,~~2019 and 2018 ~~reflects~~reflect variances from the ~~federal~~21% statutory rate ~~of 21%~~ due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes and the net tax on foreign subsidiary income resulting from the global intangible low-taxed income provisions, partially offset by ~~a favorable discrete tax adjustment for the excess~~ tax benefits related to equity compensation. Additionally, the effective income tax rate for the three months ended November 30, 2019 reflects favorable adjustments related to certain valuation allowances and reserves for uncertain tax positions.

The effective income tax rate of ~~12.2%~~24.8% for the ~~three-months~~six months ended November 30, ~~2017 reflects variances from the pre-tax reform federal statutory rate of 35% due to~~ lower effective tax rates of certain of our foreign subsidiaries, the benefit of the domestic manufacturing deduction, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of state and local taxes. Additionally, during the three-months ended November 30, 2017 we recorded favorable discrete tax adjustments of $2.0 million for the excess tax benefits related to equity compensation and $18.0 million related2019 compares to the ~~implementation of a foreign legal entity restructuring and corresponding planning strategy.~~

~~The~~ effective income tax rate of 24.7% for the ~~six-months~~six months ended November 30, ~~2018 compares to an~~2018. The effective income tax ~~rate of 19.6%~~rates for the ~~six-months~~six months ended November 30, ~~2017.~~ ~~The effective tax rate for the six-months ended November 30,~~2019 and 2018 ~~reflects~~reflect variances from the ~~federal~~21% statutory rate ~~of 21%~~ due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes and the net tax on foreign subsidiary income resulting from the global intangible low-taxed income provisions, partially offset by ~~a favorable discrete tax adjustment of $4.1 million for the excess~~ tax benefits related to equity compensation. ~~The effective income tax rate of 19.6% for the six-months ended November 30, 2017 reflects variances from the pre-tax reform federal statutory rate of 35% due to~~ lower effective tax rates of certain of our foreign subsidiaries, the benefit of the domestic manufacturing deduction, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of state and local taxes. Additionally, during the six-months ended November 30, 2017 we recorded favorable discrete tax adjustments of $3.5 million for the excess tax benefits related to equity compensation, $18.0 million related to the implementation of a foreign legal entity restructuring and corresponding planning strategy, and $9.0 million related to foreign tax credit planning.

Our deferred tax liability for unremitted foreign earnings was ~~adjusted to $19.9~~$18.8 million as of ~~May 31, 2018. The $19.9 million deferred tax liability represented~~November 30, 2019, which represents our estimate of the foreign tax cost associated with ~~our preliminary estimate~~the deemed remittance of ~~$549.8~~$414.7 million of foreign earnings that are not considered to be permanently reinvested. As of November 30, 2018, the amount of these earnings has changed to approximately $419.5 million and the deferred tax liability was adjusted to $19.1 million to reflect the impact of foreign exchange. The reduction to the earnings amounts no longer permanently reinvested is due principally to distributions made during the first quarter of this this fiscal year which were not subject to foreign withholding taxes.

We have not provided for foreign withholding or income taxes on the remaining foreign subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings because such earnings have been retained and reinvested by the subsidiaries as of November 30, ~~2018.~~2019. Accordingly, no0 provision has been made for foreign withholding or income taxes, which may become payable if the remaining undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries were ~~paid~~remitted to us as dividends.

On January 8, 2008, we announced our authorization of a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase shares of RPM International Inc. common stock at management’s discretion for general corporate purposes. As announced on November 28, 2018, our goal is to return ~~$1.5~~$1.0 billion in capital to stockholders by May 31, 2021 through ~~dividends and~~ share repurchases. On April 16, 2019, after taking into account share repurchases under our existing stock repurchase program to date, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of the remaining $600.0 million in value of RPM International Inc. common stock by May 31, 2021. As a result, we may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in private transactions at various times and in amounts and for prices that our management deems appropriate, subject to insider trading rules and other securities law restrictions. The timing of our purchases will depend upon prevailing market conditions, alternative uses of capital and other factors. We may limit or terminate the repurchase program at any time. During the three months ended November 30, 2019, we did 0t repurchase any shares of our common stock under this program. During the three months ended November 30, 2018, we repurchased 1,144,952 shares of our common

stock at a cost of approximately $75.0 million, or an average cost of $65.50 per share, under this program. During the six months ended November 30, 2019, we repurchased 1,655,616 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $100.0 million, or an average cost of $60.40 per share, under this program. During the six months ended November 30, 2018, we repurchased 1,248,398 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $82.0 million, or an average cost of $65.68 per share, under this program. ~~During the three and six month periods ended November 30, 2017, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock under this program.~~

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted earnings per share for the ~~three~~three- and six-month periods ended November 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017.~~2018. For the three and six months ended November 30, ~~2017,~~2019, and the three months ended November 30, 2018, basic and diluted earnings per share ~~were~~was calculated using the two-class method. For the six months ended November 30, 2018, basic earnings per share was calculated using the two-class method and diluted earnings per share was calculated using the treasury method.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018
Numerator for earnings per share:
Net income attributable to RPM International Inc. stockholders	$	49,224		$	95,463		$	118,988		$	211,879		$	77,030		$	49,224		$	183,218		$	118,988
Less: Allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities		(460	)		(1,313	)		(936	)		(2,828	)		(548	)		(460	)		(1,167	)		(936	)
Net income available to common shareholders - basic		48,764			94,150			118,052			209,051			76,482			48,764			182,051			118,052
Add: Undistributed earnings reallocated to unvested shareholders					3						7			1			-			3			-
Add: Allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities								936						-			-			-			936
Add: Income effect of contingently issuable shares					1,379						2,756
Net income available to common shareholders - diluted	$	48,764		$	95,532		$	118,988		$	211,814		$	76,483		$	48,764		$	182,054		$	118,988
Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Basic weighted average common shares		131,058			131,163			131,467			131,204			128,393			131,058			128,639			131,467
Average diluted options and awards		609			514			1,811			544			686			609			655			1,811
Additional shares issuable assuming conversion of convertible securities (1)					3,915						3,915
Total shares for diluted earnings per share (2)		131,667			135,592			133,278			135,663
Total shares for diluted earnings per share (1)														129,079			131,667			129,294			133,278
Earnings Per Share of Common Stock Attributable to
RPM International Inc. Stockholders:
Basic Earnings Per Share of Common Stock	$	0.37		$	0.72		$	0.90		$	1.59		$	0.60		$	0.37		$	1.42		$	0.90
Diluted Earnings Per Share of Common Stock	$	0.37		$	0.70		$	0.89		$	1.56		$	0.59		$	0.37		$	1.41		$	0.89

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)~~We have leases for manufacturing facilities, warehouses, office facilities, equipment, and vehicles, which are primarily classified and accounted for as operating leases. We have a small portfolio of finance leases, which are not material to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Some leases include one or more options to renew, generally at our sole discretion, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to five years or more. In addition, certain leases contain termination options, where the rights to terminate are held by either us, the lessor, or both parties. These options to extend or terminate a lease are included in the lease terms when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. We have made an accounting policy election not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less, with no purchase option that we are reasonably certain to exercise. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the fixed and in-substance fixed lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The ROU assets also include any initial direct costs incurred and lease payments made at or before the commencement date and are reduced by lease incentives. We use our incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate to determine the present value of the lease payments for leases, as our leases do not have readily determinable implicit discount rates. Our incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that we would have to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and amount in a similar economic environment. We determine the incremental borrowing rates for our leases by adjusting the local risk-free interest rate with a credit risk premium corresponding to our credit rating.

Operating lease cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance lease cost is recognized as a combination of the amortization expense for the ROU assets and interest expense for the outstanding lease liabilities using the discount rate discussed above. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Certain vendors have the right to declare that we are in default of our agreements if any such vendor, including the lessors under its vehicle leases, determines that a change in our financial condition poses a substantially increased credit risk. Our lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Income from subleases was not significant for any period presented.

During the three months ended November 30, 2019, we incurred lease costs of $21.5 million, which is primarily comprised of operating lease cost of $17.8 million and other costs of $3.7 million which include costs for our finance leases, short-term leases, and variable lease payments.

During the six months ended November 30, 2019, we incurred lease costs of $42.2 million, which is primarily comprised of operating lease costs of $35.9 million and other costs of $6.3 million, which include costs for our finance leases, short-term leases and variable lease payments.

For the three and six months ended November 30, 2019, we paid approximately $17.1 million and $34.0 million, respectively, for operating lease obligations. These payments are included in operating cash flows. In addition, during the six months ended November 30, 2019, we recognized ROU assets for $41.1 million in exchange for new operating lease obligations. At November 30, 2019, the weighted-average remaining lease term under our operating leases was 9.2 years, while the weighted-average discount rate for our operating leases was approximately 3.8%.

The following represents our future undiscounted cash flows for each of the next five years and thereafter and reconciliation to the lease liabilities, as of November 30, 2019:

As of November 30, 2019, our current lease liability balance was $51.0 million and recorded within Other Accrued Liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Following is a summary of our future minimum lease commitments, as determined under ASC 840, for all non-cancelable lease agreements, for each of the next five years and in the aggregate, as of May 31, 2019:

Related party leases and subleases were not significant during any period presented, and therefore are not disclosed. Further, we do not have leases that have not yet commenced, which would create significant rights and obligations for us, including any involvement with the construction or design of the underlying asset.

We offer defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans, and various postretirement benefit plans. The following tables provide the retirement-related benefit plans’ impact on income before income taxes for the three and six months ended November 30, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017:~~2018:

	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
Pension Benefits	2018			2017			2018			2017			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,
(In thousands)													2019			2018			2019			2018
Service cost	$	9,382		$	9,465		$	1,219		$	1,175		$	9,856		$	9,382		$	1,391		$	1,219
Interest cost		5,497			4,379			1,399			1,145			5,104			5,497			1,193			1,399
Expected return on plan assets		(8,467	)		(8,086	)		(2,051	)		(1,978	)		(8,573	)		(8,467	)		(1,834	)		(2,051	)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost (credit)		29			29			(8	)		(6	)		2			29			(9	)		(8	)
Net actuarial losses recognized		3,272			3,618			319			419			4,629			3,272			523			319
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	9,713		$	9,405		$	878		$	755		$	11,018		$	9,713		$	1,264		$	878

	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended				U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	November 30,			November 30,			November 30,		November 30,		Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
Postretirement Benefits	2018			2017			2018		2017		November 30,			November 30,			November 30,		November 30,
(In thousands)											2019			2018			2019		2018
Service cost	$	-		$	-		$	392	$	311	$	-		$	-		$	429	$	392
Interest cost		48			43			291		224		37			48			282		291
Amortization of:
Prior service (credit)		(55	)		(55	)						(55	)		(55	)		-		-
Net actuarial (gains) losses recognized		(6	)		6			115		79		(16	)		(6	)		158		115
Net Periodic Benefit (Credit) Cost	$	(13	)	$	(6	)	$	798	$	614	$	(34	)	$	(13	)	$	869	$	798

	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	Six Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,				November 30,
Pension Benefits	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019				2018
(In thousands)																						��
Service cost	$	18,764		$	18,930		$	2,438		$	2,350		$	19,712		$	18,764		$	2,782			$	2,438
Interest cost		10,994			8,758			2,798			2,290			10,208			10,994			2,386				2,798
Expected return on plan assets		(16,934	)		(16,172	)		(4,102	)		(3,956	)		(17,146	)		(16,934	)		(3,668	)			(4,102	)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost (credit)		58			58			(16	)		(12	)		4			58			(18	)			(16	)
Net actuarial losses recognized		6,544			7,236			638			838			9,258			6,544			1,046				638
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	19,426		$	18,810		$	1,756		$	1,510		$	22,036		$	19,426		$	2,528			$	1,756

Due to slightly ~~higher~~lower discount rates, net periodic pension and ~~increased asset values, offset by higher interest~~postretirement cost ~~and lump sum mortality rates, pension expense~~ for fiscal ~~2019~~2020 is ~~comparable to~~higher than our fiscal ~~2018 pension expense level.~~2019 expense. We expect that pension expense will fluctuate on a year-to-year basis, depending upon the investment performance of plan assets and potential changes in interest rates, but such changes are not expected to be material to our consolidated financial results. We previously disclosed in our financial statements for the fiscal year ended May 31, ~~2018~~2019 that we expected to contribute approximately ~~$1.3~~$0.9 million to our retirement plans in the U.S. and approximately ~~$8.1~~$6.4 million to plans outside the U.S. during the current fiscal year, and as of November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, those amounts remain unchanged.

We provide, through our wholly owned insurance subsidiaries, certain insurance coverage, primarily product liability coverage, to our other subsidiaries. Excess coverage is provided by third-party insurers. Our product liability accruals provide for these potential losses as well as other uninsured claims. Product liability accruals are established based upon actuarial calculations of potential liability using industry experience, actual historical experience and actuarial assumptions developed for similar types of product liability claims, including development factors and lag times. To the extent there is a reasonable possibility that potential losses could exceed the amounts already accrued, we believe that the amount of any such additional loss would be immaterial to our results of operations, liquidity and consolidated financial position.

We also offer warranties on many of our products, as well as long-term warranty programs at certain of our businesses, and have established product warranty liabilities. We review these liabilities for adequacy on a quarterly basis and adjust them as necessary. The primary factors that could affect these liabilities may include changes in performance rates as well as costs of replacement. Provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time of sale and periodically adjusted, as required, to reflect actual experience. It is probable that we will incur future losses related to warranty claims we have received but that have not been fully investigated and related to claims not yet received. While our warranty liabilities represent our best estimates at November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we can provide no assurances that we will not experience material claims in the future or that we will not incur significant costs to resolve such claims beyond the amounts accrued or beyond what we may recover from our suppliers. Based upon the nature of the expense, product warranty expense is recorded as a reduction of sales, as a component of cost of sales, or within ~~selling, general and administrative expense.~~SG&A.

Also, due to the nature of our businesses, the amount of claims paid can fluctuate from one period to the next. While our warranty liabilities represent our best estimates of our expected losses at any given time, from time-to-time we may revise our estimates based on our experience relating to factors such as weather conditions, specific circumstances surrounding product installations and other factors.

In addition, like other companies participating in similar lines of business, some of our subsidiaries are involved in several proceedings relating to environmental matters. It is our policy to accrue remediation costs when it is probable that such efforts will be required and the related costs can be reasonably estimated. In general, our environmental accruals are undiscounted liabilities, which are exclusive of claims against third parties, and are not material to our financial statements during any of the periods presented.

Carboline Company previously was identified as a potentially responsible party in connection with a matter filed on behalf of the U.S. EPA claiming that Carboline Company, among other potentially responsible parties, violated Section 107 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) and seeking reimbursement for response costs incurred in connection with the release or threatened release of hazardous substances at the Lammers Barrel Superfund Site in Beavercreek, Ohio. Subsequent to the end of the current quarter, Carboline Company agreed in principle to settle this matter for $1.3 million, which amount is subject to final approval and court entry of the proposed consent decree relating to this matter.

We were notified by the SEC on June 24, 2014, that we are the subject of a formal investigation pertaining to the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves in fiscal 2013 with respect to the previously disclosed U.S. Department Of Justice (the “DOJ”) and the U.S. General Services Administration (the “GSA”) Office of Inspector General investigation into compliance issues relating to Tremco Roofing Division’s GSA contracts. As previously disclosed, our Audit Committee completed an investigation into the facts and circumstances surrounding the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves with respect to the GSA and DOJ investigation, and determined that it was appropriate to restate our financial results for the first, second and third quarters of fiscal 2013. These restatements had no impact on our audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2013 or 2014. The Audit Committee’s investigation concluded that there was no intentional misconduct on the part of any of our officers.

In connection with the foregoing, on September 9, 2016, the SEC filed an enforcement action against us and our General Counsel. We have cooperated with the SEC’s investigation and believe the allegations in the complaint mischaracterize both our and our General Counsel’s actions in connection with the matters related to our quarterly results in fiscal 2013 and are without merit. Both we and our General Counsel filed motions to dismiss the complaint on February 24, 2017. Those motions to dismiss the complaint were denied by the Court on September 29, 2017. We and our General Counsel filed answers to the complaint on October 16, 2017. Formal discovery commenced in January 2018 and closed as of June 3, 2019, other than one remaining discovery dispute. The parties engaged in written discovery, and several fact witnesses were deposed. The dispositive motion briefing schedule was vacated by the Court on July 2, 2019, due to the remaining discovery dispute, and will be reset once this dispute is ~~ongoing.~~fully resolved. We intend to continue to contest the allegations in the complaint vigorously.

Also in connection with the foregoing, a stockholder derivative action was filed in the United States District Court, Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, against certain of our directors and officers. The court has stayed this stockholder derivative action pending the completion of the SEC enforcement action.

The action by the SEC could result in sanctions against us and/or our General Counsel and could impose substantial additional costs and distractions, regardless of its outcome. We have determined that it is probable that we will incur a loss relating to this matter and have estimated a range of potential loss. We have accrued at the low end of the range of loss, as no amount within the range is more likely to occur, and no amount within the estimated range of loss would have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

With respect to a previously disclosed case pending against one of our subsidiaries in which both trade secret and trademark infringement had been alleged, during the quarter ended November 30, 2018, we agreed to settle the case for $6.5 million.

~~The following tables illustrate the components of total equity and comprehensive income for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018 and 2017:~~

(In thousands)

Total RPM
International
Inc. Equity

Noncontrolling
Interest

Total Equity

Total Equity at August 31, 2018

$
1,610,447

$
2,932

$
1,613,379

Net income (loss)

49,224

(51
)

49,173

Other Comprehensive Income:

Foreign currency translation adjustments

(12,336
)

91

(12,245
)
Pension and other postretirement benefit liability
adjustments, net of tax

3,428

3,428

Unrealized (loss) on securities and other, net of tax

(1,515
)

(1,515
)
Unrealized gain on derivatives, net of tax

2,349

2,349

Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net of tax

(8,074
)

91

(7,983
)
Comprehensive Income

41,150

40

41,190

Dividends paid

(46,482
)

(46,482
)
Other

797

567

1,364

Shares repurchased and returned for taxes

(2,879
)

(2,879
)
Share repurchases under repurchase program

(74,998
)

(74,998
)
Stock based compensation expense - included in SG&A

6,227

6,227

Stock based compensation expense - included in restructuring expense

1,053

1,053

Convertible bond redemption

(2,808
)

(2,808
)
Total Equity at November 30, 2018

$
1,532,507

$
3,539

$
1,536,046

(In thousands)

Total RPM
International
Inc. Equity

Noncontrolling
Interest

Total Equity

Total equity at May 31, 2018

$
1,630,773

$
2,765

$
1,633,538

Net income

118,988

371

119,359

Other Comprehensive Income:

Foreign currency translation adjustments

(52,768
)

(167
)

(52,935
)
Pension and other postretirement benefit liability
�� adjustments, net of tax

6,483

6,483

Unrealized gain on securities and other, net of tax

962

962

Unrealized gain on derivatives, net of tax

3,271

3,271

Total Other Comprehensive (Loss), net of tax

(42,052
)

(167
)

(42,219
)
Comprehensive Income

76,936

204

77,140

Dividends paid

(89,196
)

(89,196
)
Other

(2,037
)

570

(1,467
)
Shares repurchased and returned for taxes

(16,466
)

(16,466
)
Share repurchases under repurchase program

(81,992
)

(81,992
)
Stock based compensation expense - included in SG&A

12,896

12,896

Stock based compensation expense - included in restructuring expense

4,401

4,401

Convertible bond redemption

(2,808
)

(2,808
)
Total Equity at November 30, 2018

$
1,532,507

$
3,539

$
1,536,046

We operate a portfolio of businesses and product lines that manufacture and sell a variety of specialty paints, protective coatings and roofing systems, sealants and adhesives. We disaggregate revenues from the sales of our products and services based upon geographical location by each of our reportable segments, which are aligned by similar economic factors, trends and customers, which best depict the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. See Note 17, “Segment Information,” for further details regarding our disaggregated revenues as well as a description of each of the unique revenue streams related to each of our ~~three~~4 reportable segments.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. The majority of our revenue is recognized at a point in time. However, we also record revenues generated under construction contracts, mainly in connection with the installation of

specialized roofing and flooring systems and related services. For certain polymer flooring installation projects, we account for our revenue using the output method, as we consider square footage of completed flooring to be the best measure of progress toward the complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. In contrast, for certain of our roofing installation projects, we account for our revenue using the input method, as that method was the best measure of performance as it considers costs incurred in relation to total expected project costs, which essentially represents the transfer of control for roofing systems to the customer. In general, for our construction contracts, we record contract revenues and related costs as our contracts progress on an over-time model.

We have elected to apply the practical expedient to recognize revenue net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although our customers’ payment terms generally include a requirement to pay within 30 to 60 days of fulfilling our performance obligations. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined that our contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. We have elected to apply the practical expedient to treat all shipping and handling costs as fulfillment costs as a significant portion of these costs are incurred prior to control transfer.

Our contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple products and/or services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. For example, judgment is required to determine whether products sold in connection with the sale of installation services are considered distinct and accounted for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with installation services and recognized over time.

We provide customer rebate programs and incentive offerings, including special pricing and co-operative advertising arrangements, promotions and other volume-based incentives. These customer programs and incentives are considered variable consideration. We include in revenue variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the variable consideration is resolved. In general, this determination is made based upon known customer program and incentive offerings at the time of sale, and expected sales volume forecasts as it relates to our volume-based incentives. This determination is updated each reporting period. Certain of our contracts include contingent consideration that is receivable only upon the final inspection and acceptance of a project. We include estimates of such variable consideration in our transaction price. Based on historical experience, we consider the probability-based expected value method appropriate to estimate the amount of such variable consideration.

Our products are generally sold with a right of return and we may provide other credits or incentives, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize. Returns and credits are estimated at contract inception and updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. We record a right of return liability to accrue for expected customer returns. Historical actual returns are used to estimate future returns as a percentage of current sales. Obligations for returns and refunds were not material individually or in the aggregate.

We offer assurance type warranties on our products as well as separately sold warranty contracts. Revenue related to warranty contracts that are sold separately is recognized over the life of the warranty term. Warranty liabilities for our assurance type warranties are discussed further in Note ~~14.~~

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing customers. Our contract assets are recorded for products and services that have been provided to our customer but have not yet been billed, and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Our short-term contract liabilities consist of advance payments, or deferred revenue, and are included in other accrued liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

Accounts receivable, net of allowances, and net contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:

	November 30, 2018			August 31, 2018			$ Change			% Change			November 30, 2019			August 31, 2019			$ Change			% Change
(In thousands, except percents)
Accounts receivable, less allowance	$	1,013,030		$	1,070,626		$	(57,596	)		-5.4	%	$	1,047,813		$	1,109,259		$	(61,446	)		-5.5	%

Contract assets	$	15,955		$	23,580		$	(7,625	)		-32.3	%	$	18,959		$	26,434		$	(7,475	)		-28.3	%
Contract liabilities - short-term		(23,454	)		(26,702	)		3,248			-12.2	%		(25,205	)		(27,402	)		2,197			-8.0	%
Net Contract Liabilities	$	(7,499	)	$	(3,122	)	$	(4,377	)		140.2	%	$	(6,246	)	$	(968	)	$	(5,278	)		545.2	%

(In thousands, except percents)													November 30, 2019			May 31, 2019			$ Change			% Change
	November 30, 2018			May 31, 2018			$ Change			% Change
(In thousands, except percents)
Accounts receivable, less allowance	$	1,013,030		$	1,113,818		$	(100,788	)		-9.0	%	$	1,047,813		$	1,232,350		$	(184,537	)		-15.0	%

Contract assets	$	15,955		$	18,212		$	(2,257	)		-12.4	%	$	18,959		$	21,628		$	(2,669	)		-12.3	%
Contract liabilities - short-term		(23,454	)		(23,335	)		(119	)		0.5	%		(25,205	)		(25,896	)		691			-2.7	%
Net Contract Liabilities	$	(7,499	)	$	(5,123	)	$	(2,376	)		46.4	%	$	(6,246	)	$	(4,268	)	$	(1,978	)		46.3	%

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. We determine the allowance based on known troubled accounts, historical experience, and other currently available evidence. The ~~$4.4~~$5.3 million change in our net contract liabilities from August 31, ~~2018~~2019 to November 30, ~~2018~~2019 and the ~~$2.4~~$2.0 million change in our net contract liabilities from May 31, ~~2018~~2019 to November 30, ~~2018~~2019 resulted primarily from the ~~seasonality associated with~~timing of construction jobs in ~~progress during peak summer months versus later in~~progress. During the ~~calendar year,~~first quarter of fiscal 2020, we performed a substantial amount of work on construction projects and as ~~well~~such, our unbilled

revenue was higher at August 31, 2019 than it was at May 31, 2019. During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, our unbilled revenues declined as ~~the timing of revenue recognition under the new standard.~~projects and billings were completed. We also record long-term deferred revenue, which amounted to ~~$65.3~~$67.1 million, $65.6 million and ~~$64.1~~$66.5 million as of November 30, ~~2018~~2019, August 31, 2019 and May 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The long-term portion of deferred revenue is related to ~~assurance type~~ warranty contracts and is included in other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

We have elected to adopt the practical expedient to not disclose the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period for performance obligations that are part of a contract with an original expected duration of one year or less.

We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. As our contract terms are primarily one year or less in duration, we have elected to apply a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs include our internal sales force compensation program and certain incentive programs as we have determined annual compensation is commensurate with annual sales activities.

~~During the quarter ended August 31, 2018,~~Effective June 1, 2019, we ~~made the determination to streamline~~realigned certain businesses and management ~~structures within~~structure to recognize how we allocate resources and analyze the operating performance of our ~~industrial reportable segment. As~~businesses. Among other things, the realignment of certain businesses occurred as a result of the 2020 MAP to Growth plan that was approved and initiated between May and August 2018. As we began to execute on our ~~former tremco illbruck Group, Tremco Group~~operating improvement initiatives, we identified ways to realign certain businesses, and ~~several components from~~concluded that moving to an expanded reporting structure could help us to better manage our ~~Performance Coatings Group, including our Euclid~~assets and ~~Flowcrete businesses, were combined to form a new Construction Products Group. There were no changes in~~improve synergies across the ~~composition of any of~~enterprise.

This realignment changed our reportable segments beginning with our first quarter of fiscal 2020. As such we now report under 4 reportable segments instead of our 3 previous reportable segments. Our four reporting segments are: the CPG reportable segment, PCG reportable segment, Consumer reportable segment and ~~therefore, previously reported~~Specialty reportable segment. In connection with the realignment, we shifted our Kirker business ~~segment information remains unchanged.~~out of Consumer into Specialty, and also shifted our Dryvit and Nudura businesses out of Specialty into CPG. The newly formed CPG also includes our Tremco, Tremco illbruck, Euclid Chemical, Viapol, Vandex and Flowcrete businesses. PCG includes Stonhard, Carboline, USL and Fibergrate businesses, while Consumer comprises the Rust-Oleum and DAP businesses.

We operate a portfolio of businesses and product lines that manufacture and sell a variety of specialty paints, protective coatings and roofing systems, sealants and adhesives. We manage our portfolio by organizing our businesses and product lines into ~~three~~four reportable ~~segments: the industrial reportable segment, the consumer reportable segment and the specialty reportable segment.~~segments as outlined above, which also represent our operating segments. Within each ~~reportable~~operating segment, we ~~aggregate operating segments or~~manage product lines ~~that consist of individual companies or groups of companies~~ and ~~product lines,~~businesses which generally address common markets, share similar economic characteristics, utilize similar technologies and can share manufacturing or distribution capabilities. Our ~~six~~4 operating segments represent components of our business for which separate financial information is available that is utilized on a regular basis by our chief operating decision maker in determining how to allocate the assets of the company and evaluate performance. These ~~six~~four operating segments are each managed by an operating segment manager, who is responsible for the day-to-day operating decisions and performance evaluation of the operating segment’s underlying businesses.

We evaluate the profit performance of our segments primarily based on income before income taxes, but also look to earnings (loss) before interest and taxes (“EBIT”), and/or adjusted EBIT, as a performance evaluation measure because interest expense is essentially related to acquisitions, as opposed to segment operations.

Our ~~industrial~~CPG reportable segment products are sold throughout North America and also account for the majority of our international sales. Our ~~industrial~~construction product lines are sold directly to contractors, distributors and end-users, such as industrial manufacturing facilities, public institutions and other commercial customers. ~~The industrial reportable segment comprises two separate operating segments — Construction Products Group and Performance Coatings Group.~~ Products and services within this reportable segment include construction sealants and adhesives, coatings and chemicals, roofing systems, concrete admixture and repair products, building envelope solutions, insulated cladding, flooring systems, and weatherproofing solutions.

Our PCG reportable segment products are sold throughout North America, as well as internationally, and are sold directly to contractors, distributors and end-users, such as industrial manufacturing facilities, public institutions and other ~~sealants,~~commercial customers. Products and ~~polymer flooring.~~services within this reportable segment include high-performance flooring solutions, corrosion control and fireproofing coatings, infrastructure repair systems, fiberglass reinforced plastic gratings and drainage systems.

Our ~~consumer~~Consumer reportable segment manufactures and markets professional use and do-it-yourself (“DIY”) products for a variety of mainly consumer applications, including home improvement and personal leisure activities. Our ~~consumer~~Consumer segment’s major manufacturing and distribution operations are located primarily in North America, along with a few locations in Europe and other parts of the world. Our consumer reportable segment products are primarily sold directly to mass merchandisers, home improvement centers, hardware stores, paint stores, craft shops ~~cosmetic companies~~ and through distributors. ~~This~~The Consumer reportable segment ~~comprises three operating segments — Rust-Oleum Group, DAP Group and SPG-Consumer Group. Products within this reportable segment~~offers products that include specialty, hobby and professional paints; ~~nail enamels;~~ caulks; adhesives; silicone sealants and wood stains.

Our ~~specialty~~Specialty reportable segment products are sold throughout North America and a few international locations, primarily in Europe. Our specialty product lines are sold directly to contractors, distributors and end-users, such as industrial manufacturing facilities, public institutions and other commercial customers. The ~~specialty~~Specialty reportable segment ~~is a single operating segment, which~~ offers products that include industrial cleaners, restoration services equipment, colorants, nail enamels, exterior finishes, edible coatings and specialty glazes for pharmaceutical and food industries, and other specialty ~~OEM~~original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) coatings.

In addition to our ~~three~~four reportable segments, there is a category of certain business activities and expenses, referred to as corporate/other, that does not constitute an operating segment. This category includes our corporate headquarters and related administrative expenses, results of our captive insurance companies, gains or losses on the sales of certain assets and other expenses not directly associated with any reportable segment. Assets related to the corporate/other category consist primarily of investments, prepaid expenses and headquarters’ property and equipment. These corporate and other assets and expenses reconcile reportable segment data to total consolidated income before income taxes and identifiable assets.

We reflect income from our joint ventures on the equity method, and receive royalties from our licensees.

The following tables present a disaggregation of revenues by geography, and reflect the results of our reportable segments consistent with our management philosophy, by representing the information we utilize, in conjunction with various strategic, operational and other financial performance criteria, in evaluating the performance of our portfolio of businesses. Information for all periods presented has been recast to reflect the current year change in reportable segments.

Three Months Ended November 30, 2019	CPG Segment			PCG Segment		Consumer Segment		Specialty Segment			Consolidated
(In thousands)
Net Sales (based on shipping location)
United States	$	270,908		$	173,747	$	358,500	$	124,560		$	927,715
Foreign
Canada		46,199			19,309		27,075		2,555			95,138
Europe		117,548			69,999		48,741		20,946			257,234
Latin America		43,084			8,842		7,327		349			59,602
Asia Pacific		19,468			6,670		6,874		9,760			42,772
Other Foreign		2,303			14,145		2,383					18,831
Total Foreign		228,602			118,965		92,400		33,610			473,577
Total	$	499,510		$	292,712	$	450,900	$	158,170		$	1,401,292

Three Months Ended November 30, 2018	CPG Segment			PCG Segment		Consumer Segment		Specialty Segment			Consolidated
(In thousands)
Net Sales (based on shipping location)
United States	$	229,385		$	169,518	$	329,934	$	142,549		$	871,386
Foreign
Canada		53,734			22,671		23,403		2,434			102,242
Europe		128,628			64,156		54,478		22,580			269,842
Latin America		36,308			8,550		7,281		364			52,503
Asia Pacific		19,397			9,312		7,919		10,091			46,719
Other Foreign		(154	)		17,753		2,240		-			19,839
Total Foreign		237,913			122,442		95,321		35,469			491,145
Total	$	467,298		$	291,960	$	425,255	$	178,018		$	1,362,531

Six Months Ended November 30, 2019	CPG Segment			PCG Segment		Consumer Segment		Specialty Segment			Consolidated
(In thousands)
Net Sales (based on shipping location)										��
United States	$	578,567		$	355,653	$	739,729	$	256,291		$	1,930,240
Foreign
Canada		96,642			40,282		59,580		4,783			201,287
Europe		231,850			134,458		99,750		41,785			507,843
Latin America		85,931			17,283		13,642		781			117,637
Asia Pacific		39,864			14,094		13,055		14,618			81,631
Other Foreign		2,761			28,183		4,474					35,418
Total Foreign		457,048			234,300		190,501		61,967			943,816
Total	$	1,035,615		$	589,953	$	930,230	$	318,258		$	2,874,056

Six Months Ended November 30, 2018	CPG Segment			PCG Segment		Consumer Segment		Specialty Segment			Consolidated
(In thousands)
Net Sales (based on shipping location)
United States	$	519,184		$	346,975	$	705,470	$	280,430		$	1,852,059
Foreign
Canada		97,072			44,859		52,408		4,680			199,019
Europe		253,915			124,769		112,354		45,380			536,418
Latin America		74,293			18,190		13,403		671			106,557
Asia Pacific		39,687			19,525		14,831		15,572			89,615
Other Foreign		639			34,061		4,152		-			38,852
Total Foreign		465,606			241,404		197,148		66,303			970,461
Total	$	984,790		$	588,379	$	902,618	$	346,733		$	2,822,520

Three Months Ended November 30, 2018

Industrial Segment

Consumer Segment

Specialty Segment

Consolidated

(In thousands)

Net Sales (based on shipping location)

United States

$
375,953

$
336,081

$
159,352

$
871,386

Foreign

Canada

61,754

23,403

17,085

102,242

Europe

189,095

55,653

25,094

269,842

Latin America

44,858

7,281

364

52,503

Asia Pacific

28,708

7,919

10,092

46,719

Other Foreign

17,600

2,239

-

19,839

Total Foreign

342,015

96,495

52,635

491,145

Total

$
717,968

$
432,576

$
211,987

$
1,362,531

Three Months Ended November 30, 2017

Industrial Segment

Consumer Segment

Specialty Segment

Consolidated

(In thousands)

Net Sales (based on shipping location)

United States

$
361,932

$
315,642

$
156,137

$
833,711

Foreign

Canada

63,217

23,660

6,054

92,931

Europe

183,093

57,226

23,585

263,904

Latin America

49,028

7,943

289

57,260

Asia Pacific

28,398

8,736

11,015

48,149

Other Foreign

17,237

2,224

-

19,461

Total Foreign

340,973

99,789

40,943

481,705

Total

$
702,905

$
415,431

$
197,080

$
1,315,416

Six Months Ended November 30, 2018

Industrial Segment

Consumer Segment

Specialty Segment

Consolidated

(In thousands)

Net Sales (based on shipping location)

United States

$
818,574

$
717,748

$
315,737

$
1,852,059

Foreign

Canada

122,763

52,409

23,847

199,019

Europe

372,209

115,229

48,980

536,418

Latin America

92,485

13,402

670

106,557

Asia Pacific

59,211

14,831

15,573

89,615

Other Foreign

34,699

4,153

-

38,852

Total Foreign

681,367

200,024

89,070

970,461

Total

$
1,499,941

$
917,772

$
404,807

$
2,822,520

Six Months Ended November 30, 2017

Industrial Segment

Consumer Segment

Specialty Segment

Consolidated

(In thousands)

Net Sales (based on shipping location)

United States

$
761,220

$
640,292

$
306,561

$
1,708,073

Foreign

Canada

126,051

50,237

13,110

189,398

Europe

362,176

117,681

48,624

528,481

Latin America

94,552

13,636

754

108,942

Asia Pacific

55,065

16,608

16,513

88,186

Other Foreign

33,609

4,121

-

37,730

Total Foreign

671,453

202,283

79,001

952,737

Total

$
1,432,673

$
842,575

$
385,562

$
2,660,810

	November 30,		May 31,
	2019		2019
	(In thousands)
Identifiable Assets
CPG Segment	$	1,581,862	$	1,573,329
PCG Segment		975,423		951,644
Consumer Segment		2,001,829		1,953,279
Specialty Segment		716,471		689,133
Corporate/Other		305,413		273,970
Consolidated	$	5,580,998	$	5,441,355

We account for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350 and account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the entities acquired are recorded at their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets.

We assess goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently, if events and circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination as of the acquisition date. Once goodwill has been allocated to the reporting units, it no longer retains its identification with a particular acquisition and becomes identified with the reporting unit in its entirety. Accordingly, the fair value of the reporting unit as a whole is available to support the recoverability of its goodwill. We evaluate our reporting units when changes in our operating structure occur, and if necessary, reassign goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach.

Subsequent to our prior annual impairment test as of the ~~end~~first day of our ~~second~~fourth fiscal quarter, ~~on December 13, 2018,~~the composition of our reportable segments was revised, as further discussed in Note 17, “Segment Information.” Prior to implementing the revised segment reporting structure beginning in fiscal 2020, our previously disclosed Industrial Segment comprised 2 operating segments, the CPG operating segment and the PCG operating segment. Each of these operating segments comprised several reporting units, all of which were tested during our last annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.

Also, in connection with our 2020 Map to Growth initiative, we ~~acquired Siamons International Inc, provider~~realigned certain businesses and management structure within our Specialty segment. As such, our former Wood Finishes Group reporting unit was split into 2 separate reporting units: Guardian and Wood Finishes Group. Additionally, our former Kop-Coat Group reporting unit was split into 2 reporting units: Kop-Coat Industrial Protection Products and Kop-Coat Group. We performed a goodwill impairment test for each of the ~~Concrobium branded specialty cleaning products.~~ new reporting units upon the change in reportable segments, business realignment and management structure using a quantitative assessment. We concluded that the estimated fair values exceeded the carrying values for these new reporting units, and accordingly, no indications of impairment were identified as a result of these changes during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

The ~~company, which is based~~following table summarizes the changes in ~~Ontario, Canada, has annual net sales~~the carrying amount of ~~approximately $20.0 million, and will be included in our consumer~~goodwill, by reportable ~~segment.~~ segment, for the periods presented:

As of January 8, 2019, we have repurchased 1,470,647 shares of RPM common stock since November 30, 2018, at a cost of approximately $86.0 million, or an average of $58.46, under the stock repurchase program described in Note 11.

	CPG			PCG			Industrial			Consumer			Specialty
(In thousands)	Segment			Segment			Segment			Segment			Segment			Total
Balance as of May 31, 2019	$	-		$	-		$	526,419		$	499,387		$	219,956		$	1,245,762
Allocation to new segments		407,429			185,259			(526,419	)					(66,269	)		-
Acquisitions		14,689															14,689
Translation adjustments		(3,578	)		(2,577	)					(3,568	)		(910	)		(10,633	)
Balance as of August 31, 2019		418,540			182,682			-			495,819			152,777			1,249,818
Acquisitions					3,023												3,023
Translation adjustments		1,198			2,683						2,235			599			6,715
Balance as of November 30, 2019	$	419,738		$	188,388		$	-		$	498,054		$	153,376		$	1,259,556

Our financial statements include all of our majority-owned subsidiaries. Investments in less-than-majority-owned joint ventures for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence over are accounted for under the equity method. Preparation of our financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates, including those related to our allowances for doubtful accounts; inventories; allowances for recoverable taxes; uncertain tax positions; useful lives of property, plant and equipment; goodwill and other intangible assets; environmental, warranties and other contingent liabilities; ~~derivative and hedging;~~ income tax valuation allowances; pension plans; and the fair value of financial instruments. We base our estimates on historical experience, our most recent facts, and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities. Actual results, which are shaped by actual market conditions, may differ materially from our estimates.

A comprehensive discussion of the accounting policies and estimates that are the most critical to our financial statements are set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2018. Other than our June 1, 2018 adoption of ASC 606, which is more fully described in Note 16, “Revenue,” and changes outlined in Note 2, “New Accounting Pronouncements,” there have been no significant changes in critical accounting policies or estimates since May 31, 2018.2019.

This realignment changed our reportable segments ~~and, therefore, previously reported business segment information remains unchanged.~~

~~We operate a portfolio~~beginning with our first quarter of ~~businesses and product lines that manufacture and sell a variety~~fiscal 2020. As such, as of ~~specialty paints, protective coatings and roofing systems, sealants and adhesives. We manage our portfolio by organizing our businesses and product lines into three~~June 1, 2019, we began reporting under four reportable ~~segments: the industrial reportable segment, the consumer reportable segment and the specialty reportable segment. Within each reportable segment, we aggregate operating~~ segments or product lines that consist of individual companies or groups of companies and product lines, which generally address common markets, share similar economic characteristics, utilize similar technologies and can share manufacturing or distribution capabilities. Our six operating segments represent componentsinstead of our ~~business~~three previous reportable segments. See Note 17, “Segment Information,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for which separate financial information is available that is utilized on a regular basis by our chief operating decision maker in determining how to allocate the assets of the company and evaluate performance. These six operating segments are each managed by an operating segment manager, who is responsible for the day-to-day operating decisions and performance evaluation of the operating segment’s underlying businesses. We evaluate the profit performance of our segments primarily based on income before income taxes, but also look to earnings (loss) before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) as a performance evaluation measure because interest expense is essentially related to acquisitions, as opposed to segment operations.

Our industrial reportable segment products are sold throughout North America and also account for the majority of our international sales. Our industrial product lines are sold directly to contractors, distributors and end-users, such as industrial manufacturing facilities, public institutions and other commercial customers. The industrial reportable segment comprises two separate operating segments — Construction Products Group and Performance Coatings Group. Products and services within this reportable segment include construction chemicals, roofing systems, weatherproofing and other sealants, and polymer flooring.

Our consumer reportable segment manufactures and markets professional use and do-it-yourself (“DIY”) products for a variety of mainly consumer applications, including home improvement and personal leisure activities. Our consumer segment’s major manufacturing and distribution operations are located primarily in North America, along with a few locations in Europe and other parts of the world. Our consumer reportable segment products are primarily sold directly to mass merchandisers, home improvement centers, hardware stores, paint stores, craft shops, cosmetic companies and through distributors. This reportable segment comprises three operating segments — Rust-Oleum Group, DAP Group and SPG-Consumer Group. Products within this reportable segment include specialty, hobby and professional paints; nail enamels; caulks; adhesives; silicone sealants and wood stains.

Our specialty reportable segment products are sold throughout North America and a few international locations, primarily in Europe. Our specialty product lines are sold directly to contractors, distributors and end-users, such as industrial manufacturing facilities, public institutions and other commercial customers. The specialty reportable segment is a single operating segment, which offers products that include industrial cleaners, restoration services equipment, colorants, exterior finishes, edible coatings and specialty glazes for pharmaceutical and food industries, and other specialty OEM coatings.further detail.

In addition to our three reportable segments, there is a category of certain business activities and expenses, referred to as corporate/other, that does not constitute an operating segment. This category includes our corporate headquarters and related administrative expenses, results of our captive insurance companies, gains or losses on the sales of certain assets and other expenses not directly associated with any reportable segment. Assets related to the corporate/other category consist primarily of investments, prepaid expenses and headquarters’ property and equipment. These corporate and other assets and expenses reconcile reportable segment data to total consolidated income before income taxes, interest expense and earnings before interest and taxes.

~~We reflect income from our joint ventures on the equity method, and receive royalties from our licensees.~~

The following tables reflect the results of our reportable segments consistent with our management philosophy, and represent the information we utilize, in conjunction with various strategic, operational and other financial performance criteria, in evaluating the performance of our portfolio of businesses. Information for all periods presented has been recast to reflect the current year change in reportable segments.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,			November 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017			2019			2018			2019			2018
	(In thousands)												(In thousands)
Net Sales
Industrial Segment	$	717,968		$	702,905		$	1,499,941		$	1,432,673
CPG Segment													$	499,510		$	467,298		$	1,035,615		$	984,790
PCG Segment														292,712			291,960			589,953			588,379
Consumer Segment		432,576			415,431			917,772			842,575			450,900			425,255			930,230			902,618
Specialty Segment		211,987			197,080			404,807			385,562			158,170			178,018			318,258			346,733
Consolidated	$	1,362,531		$	1,315,416		$	2,822,520		$	2,660,810		$	1,401,292		$	1,362,531		$	2,874,056		$	2,822,520
Income Before Income Taxes (a)
Industrial Segment
CPG Segment
Income Before Income Taxes (a)													$	57,123		$	35,357		$	139,803		$	100,401
Interest (Expense), Net (b)														(2,074	)		(2,189	)		(4,101	)		(4,479	)
EBIT (c)													$	59,197		$	37,546		$	143,904		$	104,880
PCG Segment
Income Before Income Taxes (a)	$	54,393		$	67,696		$	123,450		$	156,598		$	33,320		$	22,299		$	61,377		$	30,624
Interest (Expense), Net (b)		(2,417	)		(2,513	)		(4,810	)		(5,067	)		25			(223	)		(104	)		(341	)
EBIT (c)	$	56,810		$	70,209		$	128,260		$	161,665		$	33,295		$	22,522		$	61,481		$	30,965
Consumer Segment
Income Before Income Taxes (a)	$	41,239		$	45,085		$	92,535		$	117,453		$	34,456		$	41,836		$	93,614		$	92,805
Interest (Expense), Net (b)		(107	)		(143	)		(272	)		(339	)		(56	)		(123	)		(161	)		(297	)
EBIT (c)	$	41,346		$	45,228		$	92,807		$	117,792		$	34,512		$	41,959		$	93,775		$	93,102
Specialty Segment
Income Before Income Taxes (a)	$	29,979		$	34,439		$	57,780		$	67,606		$	18,762		$	26,119		$	42,089		$	49,935
Interest Income, Net (b)		94			78			163			198			(7	)		105			19			198
EBIT (c)	$	29,885		$	34,361		$	57,617		$	67,408		$	18,769		$	26,014		$	42,070		$	49,737
Corporate/Other
(Expense) Before Income Taxes (a)	$	(59,018	)	$	(38,039	)	$	(115,234	)	$	(77,192	)	$	(41,908	)	$	(59,018	)	$	(92,281	)	$	(115,234	)
Interest (Expense), Net (b)		(27,730	)		(20,079	)		(47,214	)		(39,769	)		(15,424	)		(27,730	)		(36,121	)		(47,214	)
EBIT (c)	$	(31,288	)	$	(17,960	)	$	(68,020	)	$	(37,423	)	$	(26,484	)	$	(31,288	)	$	(56,160	)	$	(68,020	)
Consolidated
Net Income													$	77,322		$	49,173		$	183,818		$	119,359
Add: (Provision) for Income Taxes														(24,431	)		(17,420	)		(60,784	)		(39,172	)
Income Before Income Taxes (a)	$	66,593		$	109,181		$	158,531		$	264,465			101,753			66,593			244,602			158,531
Interest (Expense), Net (b)		(30,160	)		(22,657	)		(52,133	)		(44,977	)
Interest (Expense)														(26,341	)		(23,127	)		(54,658	)		(47,533	)
Investment Income (Expense), Net														8,805			(7,033	)		14,190			(4,600	)
EBIT (c)	$	96,753		$	131,838		$	210,664		$	309,442		$	119,289		$	96,753		$	285,070		$	210,664

Net Sales Consolidated net sales of ~~$1,362.5~~$1,401.3 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 grew by approximately ~~3.6%~~2.8% from net sales of ~~$1,315.4~~$1,362.5 million for last year’s second quarter. ~~Acquisitions added 2.6%, while organic~~Organic sales, which include the impact of price and volume, ~~improved by 3.0%. Consolidated~~contributed 3.5% to consolidated net sales ~~for the quarter also reflect an unfavorable~~while acquisitions added 0.6%. Unfavorable foreign exchange ~~impact of 2.0%~~impacted consolidated net sales during the current quarter by 1.3%.

~~Industrial~~CPG segment net sales for the current quarter grew by ~~2.1%~~6.9% to ~~$718.0~~$499.5 million, from net sales of ~~$702.9~~$467.3 million during the same period a year ago. ~~The improvement resulted from~~Organic growth contributed 7.4% during the quarter, mainly driven by volume, while recent acquisitions ~~which~~ contributed ~~1.5%~~1.2% to net sales during the current quarter. Unfavorable foreign exchange impacted CPG segment net sales by 1.7% during the current quarter. Construction activity picked up due to favorable weather early in this year’s second quarter, reducing some of the backlog that grew during the rainy spring and early summer months. Partially offsetting this segment’s 7.4% organic growth ~~which contributed 3.3%~~during the quarter was the impact of strategic decisions to exit low-margin and/or high-risk working capital operations within certain international product offerings. Discontinued product lines reduced sales by approximately 0.7%. Significant top-line growth was recognized at our roofing and concrete admixture businesses as well as our business in Latin America.

PCG segment net sales for the current quarter grew by 0.3% to $292.7 million, from net sales of $292.0 million during the same period a year ago. Organic growth was 1.7% during the quarter, driven mainly by selling price increases over the ~~recovery of our industrial coatings business.~~comparable period last year while recent acquisitions contributed 0.1% to net sales during the current quarter. Unfavorable foreign exchange impacted the PCG segment net sales by ~~2.7%~~1.5% during the current quarter. Strong growth was recognized at our industrial coatings business, both in North America and Europe, but was offset by sales declines at other units. Our expansion joint and highway maintenance sales were soft in the U.K due to Brexit uncertainty and also in key North American regions stemming from government budget constraints. While polymer flooring sales were fairly flat in North America, they grew by double digits in Europe. Organic growth has slowed due to recent strategic decisions to exit certain international businesses and discontinued product lines reduced sales by approximately 1.0%.

Consumer segment net sales for the quarter grew by ~~4.1%~~6.0% to ~~$432.5~~$450.9 million, from ~~$415.4~~$425.3 million during last year’s second quarter. ~~Recent~~Organic growth provided 6.4% during the current quarter while recent acquisitions provided ~~2.9%~~0.6% of the growth in net ~~sales, while organic growth provided 2.8%, during the current quarter, driven primarily by new accounts and market share gains.~~sales. Unfavorable foreign currency impacted net sales in the ~~consumer~~Consumer segment by ~~1.6%~~1.0% during the current quarter versus the same period a year ago. Increased sales volume resulting from more favorable weather early in this year’s second quarter were slightly dampened due to the soft economy in the U.K. related to Brexit.

Specialty segment net sales for the quarter ~~grew~~decreased by ~~7.6%~~11.1% to ~~$212.0~~$158.2 million, from ~~$197.1~~$178.0 million during last year’s second quarter. ~~Recent acquisitions provided 6.1% of the growth in net~~Organic sales ~~while organic growth provided 2.3%~~declined 10.5% during the current quarter. ~~Organic growth~~Nearly all of the decline can be traced to natural disasters which elevated sales in ~~net sales was driven by increases~~the prior year at our water damage restoration business, due to the heavier hurricane activity in the prior year, and in our fluorescent pigments, ~~powder coatings~~which are used in fire retardant tracer dyes and ~~decorative and protective wood coatings businesses. Foreign~~experienced more rampant wild fires last year. Our OEM-related businesses have experienced soft sales in line with declining global industrial production. Additionally, foreign currency had an unfavorable impact on ~~specialty~~Specialty segment net sales for the quarter ~~by 0.8%~~of 0.6%.

Gross Profit Margin Our consolidated gross profit margin of ~~39.5%~~37.8% of net sales for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compares to a consolidated gross profit margin of ~~41.9%~~36.2% for the comparable period a year ~~ago. This~~ago, after giving effect to the change in classification of shipping and handling costs. Last year’s reported gross profit ~~decline~~margin of 39.5% has been recast to 36.2% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. The current quarter gross profit margin increase of approximately ~~2.4%~~1.6% of net sales, ~~primarily reflects current-quarter margins that were burdened by the impact of overall higher raw material costs for approximately 150~~or 160 basis points (“bps”), ~~which partially offset~~resulted primarily from a combination of increases in selling ~~price increases. Additionally, in relation~~prices and 2020 MAP to ~~our restructuring initiatives undertaken during fiscal 2018 and continuing into~~Growth savings, along with higher sales volume versus the second quarter of fiscal 2019, as further described in Note 3, “Restructuring,” inventory-related charges totaling 30 bps impacted the current-quarter gross profit margin, which mainly included product line rationalization at our industrial segment. Finally, gross margins were unfavorably impacted by inventory step-up on acquisitions.same period a year ago. Recent changes in international trade duties, tariffs, and policies could materially impact the cost of our raw materials. Specifically, recently imposed tariffs, including tariffs on steel imports into the ~~United States, will likely~~U.S., have had an unfavorable impact on the cost of our cans and packaging.

~~Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (“~~SG~~&A”)~~&A Our consolidated SG&A expense during the current period was ~~$10.5~~$17.5 million higher versus the same period last year, ~~but improved~~and increased to ~~31.6%~~28.8% of net sales from ~~31.9%~~28.3% of net sales for the prior year quarter. Last year’s reported SG&A percentage of net sales of 31.6% has been recast to 28.3% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping and handling costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. During the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, we continued our 2020 MAP to ~~Growth. In connection with this plan, we incurred~~Growth initiatives and have generated incremental savings of approximately $5.1 million, which is net of implementation costs for ERP ~~implementation and~~systems, consolidation expenses and professional fees in connection with implementing our 2020 MAP to Growth ~~initiative totaling approximately $6.4 million.~~initiative. Additional SG&A expense incurred from companies we acquired during the ~~previous~~last 12 months approximated ~~$7.7~~$2.1 million during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019. There was also higher distribution expense on higher sales volume during the second quarter of fiscal 2019.~~2020.

Our ~~industrial~~CPG segment SG&A was approximately ~~$3.8~~$7.6 million ~~lower~~higher for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 versus the comparable prior year period ~~and~~but decreased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to ~~a reduction in workforce, which approximated $1.8 million, as well as a favorable swing in transactional foreign exchange. Offsetting these decreases was SG&A expense generated from~~additional commissions directly associated with higher sales volume. Additionally, companies acquired during the past 12 ~~months.~~ months contributed approximately $1.6 million of additional SG&A expense.

Our ~~consumer~~PCG segment SG&A was approximately $0.2 million higher for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period and increased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to transactional FX, as well as increases in bonus and commission expense versus the prior year. These increases were partially offset by 2020 MAP to Growth savings.

Our Consumer segment SG&A increased by approximately ~~$1.3~~$10.1 million during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 versus the same period last year and increased as a percentage of net sales. This was primarily attributable to increases in commissions, distribution and interplant freight expenses as a result of higher ~~distribution expense when compared~~volume. In addition, during the current quarter, we decided to no longer pursue a product line targeted for OEM markets. We performed a recoverability assessment for certain prepaid assets associated with this product line, which resulted in the ~~prior year quarter, as well as SG&A expense generated from~~recognition of a $6.9 million charge this quarter. Lastly, companies acquired during the past 12 ~~months.~~ months contributed approximately $0.4 million of additional SG&A expense.

Our ~~specialty~~Specialty segment SG&A was approximately ~~$4.1~~$1.2 million higher during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 versus the comparable prior year period and ~~was unchanged~~increased as a percentage of net sales. The increase in SG&A expense is mainly attributable to additional costs associated with the ERP consolidation plan associated with our 2020 MAP to Growth, ~~along with increased distribution costs and increased promotional expenses related to new product initiatives.~~ partially offset by cost control measures.

SG&A expenses in our corporate/other category of ~~$26.8~~$25.3 million during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019 increased~~2020 decreased by ~~$8.9~~$1.5 million from ~~$18.0~~$26.8 million recorded during last year’s second quarter, resulting primarily from a decrease in professional fees in connection with our 2020 MAP to Growth, ~~initiative,~~ which approximated $3.3 million, compared to $5.2 ~~million. Additionally, there were increases~~million in ~~pension expense, acquisition costs and hospitalization costs.~~ the prior comparable quarter.

We recorded total net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs of ~~$11.4~~$13.1 million and ~~$10.8~~$11.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The ~~$0.6~~$1.7 million increase in pension expense resulted from ~~an approximate $1.4 million increase in interest cost, partially offset by~~ the combination of ~~lower~~higher net actuarial losses recognized during the current quarter versus last year’s second quarter for approximately ~~$0.4~~$1.6 million and a higher ~~expected return on increased plan assets~~service costs of approximately $0.7 million during the current quarter versus the same period ~~last~~a year ~~for~~ago. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately ~~$0.4 million.~~$0.6 million in interest costs during the current quarter, when compared to the same period a year ago. We expect that pension expense will fluctuate on a year-to-year basis, depending upon the investment performance of plan assets and potential changes in interest rates, but such changes are not expected to be material to our consolidated financial results.

Restructuring Charges We recorded restructuring charges of $4.8 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, which compares with $7.7 million during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019, which~~2019. These charges were the result of our continued implementation of ~~a multi-year restructuring plan,~~ our 2020 MAP to Growth, which focuses upon strategic shifts in operations across our entire business. On a consolidated basis, we incurred ~~$6.5~~$2.7 million of severance and benefit costs ~~$1.0~~during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 compared with $6.5 million ~~of facility~~during the same period a year ago. Facility closure and other related costs ~~and $0.2~~totaled $1.8 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 versus $1.0 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2019. Finally, $0.3 million of other asset write-offs during the ~~period.~~period compared with $0.2 million during the same period a year ago. These charges were associated with closures of certain facilities as well as the elimination of duplicative headcount and infrastructure associated with certain of our businesses.

We currently expect to incur approximately ~~$34.0~~$32.2 million of future additional charges in relation to this initiative. These additional charges include approximately ~~$30.4~~$23.1 million of severance and benefit costs, $8.3 million of facility closure and other related charges, as well as ~~$3.6~~$0.8 million of ~~severance and benefit costs.~~other asset write-offs. We expect these charges to be incurred by the end of calendar year 2020, upon which we expect to achieve an annualized pretax savings of approximately $290 million per year. Additionally, upon the completion of this initiative, we have targeted $230.0 million of improvement of working capital, and believe that, assuming 3% organic growth and approximately $150 million to $200 million annually in acquisitions of businesses, our fiscal year 2021 cash flow from operations will improve to approximately $872.0 million. In addition, we have continued to assess and find areas of improvement and cost savings as part of our 2020 MAP to ~~Growth restructuring plan.~~Growth. As such, the final implementation and expected costs of our plan are subject to change. Most notably, we have broadened the scope of our announced plan to include the consolidation of the general and administrative areas, potential outsourcing, as well as additional future plant closures and ~~consolidations;~~consolidations, the estimated future costs of which have not yet been ~~finalized.~~established. See Note 3,4, “Restructuring,” to the ~~consolidated financial statements,~~Consolidated Financial Statements, for further detail surrounding our 2020 MAP to ~~Growth restructuring plan.~~ Growth.

Interest Expense Interest expense was ~~$23.1~~$26.3 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 versus ~~$26.4~~$23.1 million for the same period a year ago. Excluding acquisition-related borrowings, higher average borrowings quarter over quarter increased interest expense by approximately $1.1 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 when compared to the prior year quarter. The reversal of the convertible bond interest accrual during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 increased interest expense by approximately $2.1 million versus the same period a year ago. Higher average borrowings, related to recent acquisitions, increased interest expense during this year’s second quarter by approximately ~~$1.4~~$0.6 million versus the same period a year ago. The reversal of the convertible bond interest accrual decreased interest expense by approximately $2.1 million during the current quarter versus the prior year quarter. Excluding acquisition-related borrowings, which carried higher average interest financing costs, lower average borrowings quarter over quarter decreased interest expense by approximately $0.8 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 when compared to the prior year quarter. Lower interest rates, which averaged ~~3.99%~~3.88% overall for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compared with ~~4.37%~~3.99% for the same period of fiscal ~~2018,~~2019, decreased interest expense by approximately ~~$1.8~~$0.6 million during the current quarter versus the same period last year.

Investment (Income), Net Net investment ~~loss~~income of approximately ~~$7.0~~$8.8 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compares to net investment ~~income~~loss of ~~$3.7~~$7.0 million during the same period last year. Dividend and interest income totaled ~~$1.5~~$1.9 million and ~~$1.7~~$1.5 million for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Net ~~losses~~gains on marketable securities totaled ~~$8.5~~$6.9 million during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, while there were net realized ~~gains~~losses of ~~$2.0~~$8.5 million during the same period a year ago.

~~Other Expense (Income), Net~~ Other expense of $3.4 million for the quarter ended November 30, 2018 compares with other income of $0.4 million for the corresponding period a year ago. The current quarter expense includes a loss of $3.1 million related to the fair value remeasurement of our 2.25% convertible senior notes due 2020 on its conversion date of November 27, 2018.

Income Before Income Taxes (“IBT”) Our consolidated pretax income for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 of ~~$66.6~~$101.8 million compares with pretax income of ~~$109.2~~$66.6 million for the same period a year ago.

Our ~~industrial~~CPG segment had IBT of ~~$54.4~~$57.1 million, or ~~7.6%~~11.4% of net sales, for the quarter ended November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, versus IBT of ~~$67.7~~$35.4 million, or ~~9.6%~~7.6% of net sales, for the same period a year ago. Our ~~industrial~~CPG segment results reflect 2020 MAP to Growth savings, selling price increases and increased earnings from recent acquisitions. Our PCG segment had IBT of $33.3 million, or 11.4% of net sales, ~~volume, which were offset by~~for the ~~impact from higher raw material costs~~quarter ended November 30, 2019, versus IBT of $22.3 million, or 7.6% of net sales, for the same period a year ago. Our PCG segment results reflect 2020 MAP to Growth savings, selling price increases and ~~restructuring charges.~~improved product mix. Our ~~consumer~~Consumer segment IBT approximated ~~$41.2~~$34.5 million, or ~~9.5%~~7.6% of net sales, for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, versus the prior year second quarter pretax income of ~~$45.1~~$41.8 million, or ~~10.9%~~9.8% of net sales. ~~The current quarter result includes market share gains, as demonstrated by~~Our Consumer segment results reflect the ~~increase in sales~~

~~volume, which were more than~~cost incurred to shut down a product line and inventory-related charges, partially offset by ~~rising raw material costs, inventory-related charges, and restructuring charges.~~selling price increases as well as 2020 MAP to Growth savings. Our ~~specialty~~Specialty segment had pretax income of ~~$30.0~~$18.8 million, or ~~14.1%~~11.9% of net sales for the quarter ended November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, versus pretax income of ~~$34.4~~$26.1 million, or ~~17.5%~~14.7% of net sales, for the same period a year ago, reflecting ~~rising raw material costs~~declines in sales volume in our fluorescent pigment, restoration equipment and ~~the costs associated with the ERP consolidation plan.~~OEM businesses.

Income Tax Rate ~~On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted into law.~~ The ~~income tax effects of changes in tax laws are recognized in the period when enacted. The Act provides for numerous significant tax law changes and modifications with varying~~ effective ~~dates. Generally, the more significant provisions of the Act that impacted us for the year ended May 31, 2018 included the reduction in the corporate~~ income tax rate ~~from 35% to 21%, the creation~~ of a territorial tax system (with a one-time mandatory tax on previously deferred foreign earnings), and allowance for immediate capital expensing of certain qualified property. The corporate tax rate reduction was effective for us as of January 1, 2018 and, accordingly, reduced our federal statutory rate to a blended rate of approximately 29.2% for fiscal 2018 and to 21% for fiscal 2019 and thereafter.

~~Subsequent to the enactment of the Act, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting~~24.0% for the tax effects of the Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Act’s enactment date for companies to complete the applicable accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118 and based on the information available as of May 31, 2018, we recorded a net provisional income tax expense of $7.3 million in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Act.

~~During the three-month period~~three months ended November 30, ~~2018, there were no changes recorded~~2019 compares to the net provisional income tax expense recorded as of May 31, 2018 as a result of the Act. Refer to Note 9, “Income Taxes”, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosures and discussion regarding the Act and the provisional income tax expense recorded as of May 31, 2018.

~~The~~ effective income tax rate of 26.2% for the three months ended November 30, ~~2018 compares to an~~2018. The effective income tax ~~rate of 12.2%~~rates for the ~~three-month period~~three months ended November 30, ~~2017.~~ ~~The effective tax rate for the three-months ended November 30,~~2019 and 2018 ~~reflects~~reflect variances from the ~~federal~~21% statutory rate ~~of 21%~~ due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes and the net tax on foreign subsidiary income resulting from the global intangible low-taxed income provisions, partially offset by ~~a favorable discrete tax adjustment for the excess~~ tax benefits related to equity compensation. ~~The~~Additionally, the effective income tax rate ~~of 12.2%~~ for the three months ended November 30, ~~2017~~2019 reflects ~~variances from the pre-tax reform federal statutory rate of 35% due to~~ lower effective tax rates of certain of our foreign subsidiaries, the benefit of the domestic manufacturing deduction, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of state and local taxes. Additionally, during the three months ended November 30, 2017 we recorded favorable ~~discrete tax~~ adjustments ~~of $2.0 million for the excess tax benefits~~ related to ~~equity compensation~~certain valuation allowances and ~~$18.0 million related to the implementation of a foreign legal entity restructuring and corresponding planning strategy.~~ reserves for uncertain tax positions.

Net Income Net income of ~~$49.2~~$77.3 million for the quarter ended November 30, ~~2018~~2019 compares to net income of ~~$95.9~~$49.2 million for the comparable prior year period. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests approximated $0.1 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2019, which compared to net income attributable to noncontrolling interests of $0.4 million for the same period in fiscal 2018. Net income attributable to RPM International Inc. stockholders for the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$49.2~~$77.0 million, or ~~3.6%~~5.5% of consolidated net sales, which compared to net income of ~~$95.5~~$49.2 million, or ~~7.3%~~3.6% of consolidated net sales for the comparable prior year period.

Diluted earnings per share of common stock for the quarter ended November 30, ~~2018~~2019 of ~~$0.37~~$0.59 compares with diluted earnings per share of common stock of ~~$0.70~~$0.37 for the quarter ended November 30, ~~2017.~~2018.

Net Sales Consolidated net sales of ~~$2,822.5~~$2,874.1 million for the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 grew by approximately ~~6.1%~~1.8% from net sales of ~~$2,660.8~~$2,822.5 million for last year’s first half. Acquisitions added ~~2.1%~~1.5%, while organic sales, which include the impact of price and volume, ~~improved~~reduced consolidated net sales by ~~5.4%~~1.6%. Consolidated net sales for the ~~quarter~~period also reflect aan unfavorable foreign exchange impact of ~~1.4%~~1.3%.

~~Industrial~~CPG segment net sales for ~~this year’s~~the first half of fiscal 2020 grew by ~~4.7%~~5.2% to ~~$1,500.0~~$1,035.6 million, from net sales of ~~$1,432.7~~$984.8 million during the same period a year ago. The improvement resulted from recent acquisitions, which contributed ~~1.6%~~2.9% to net sales during the current ~~quarter,~~period, and organic growth, which contributed ~~5.0%~~3.9% during the ~~quarter,~~period, driven mainly by ~~North American roofing and recovery of our industrial coatings business.~~increases in selling prices. Unfavorable foreign exchange impacted construction segment net sales by ~~1.9%~~1.6% during the current ~~quarter.~~period. Sales growth was highest in our roofing and Brazilian businesses, but was partially offset by weakening sales in Europe.

PCG segment net sales for the first half of fiscal 2020 grew by 0.3% to $590.0 million, from net sales of $588.4 million during the same period a year ago. The improvement resulted from recent acquisitions, which contributed 1.0% to net sales during the current period, and organic growth, which contributed 1.0% during the period, driven mainly by the increases of selling prices over the comparable period last year. Unfavorable foreign exchange impacted PCG segment net sales by 1.7% during the current period. Sales growth was dampened by strategic decisions to exit low-margin businesses.

Consumer segment net sales for ~~this year’s~~the first half of fiscal 2020 grew by ~~8.9%~~3.1% to ~~$917.7~~$930.2 million, from ~~$842.6~~$902.6 million during ~~last year’s first half.~~the same period a year ago. Recent acquisitions provided ~~2.3%~~1.0% of the growth in net sales, while organic growth provided ~~7.6%~~3.1%, during the current ~~quarter,~~period, driven primarily by ~~new accounts and market share gains.~~price increases. Unfavorable foreign currency impacted net sales in the ~~consumer~~Consumer segment by 1.0% during the current ~~quarter~~period versus the same period a year ago. Sales improved in the U.S. but were slightly offset due to soft economy in the U.K. related to Brexit.

Specialty segment net sales for ~~this year’s~~the first half ~~grew~~of fiscal 2020 decreased by ~~5.0%~~8.2% to ~~$404.8~~$318.3 million, from ~~$385.6~~$346.7 million during last year’s first half. ~~Recent acquisitions provided 3.3%~~Organic sales declines of ~~the growth in net sales, while organic growth provided 2.0%~~7.5%, during the current ~~quarter, despite the decrease~~period, resulted from decreases in ~~our~~fluorescent pigments and restoration equipment businesses, ~~serving the water damage restoration and equipment markets, which came~~ as a result of ~~more damaging hurricane~~elevated natural disaster activity ~~during~~in the ~~first half of fiscal 2018. Organic growth in net sales was driven by increases in our powder coatings and decorative and protective wood coatings businesses. Foreign~~prior year. Additionally, foreign currency had an unfavorable impact on ~~specialty~~Specialty segment net sales for the ~~quarter by 0.3%~~period of 0.7%.

Gross Profit Margin Our consolidated gross profit margin of ~~40.1%~~38.4% of net sales for the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compares to a consolidated gross profit margin of ~~42.2%~~37.0% for the comparable period a year ~~ago.~~ago, after giving effect to the change in classification of shipping and handling costs. Last year’s reported gross profit margin of 40.1% has been recast to 37.0% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping and handling costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. This gross profit ~~decline~~increase of approximately ~~2.1%~~1.4% of net sales ~~primarily~~ reflects ~~current-quarter margins that were burdened~~an improvement of approximately 340 bps resulting from a combination of increases in selling prices and 2020 MAP to Growth savings, partially offset by the impact of ~~overall~~labor cost inflation and unfavorable mix of product sold versus last year for approximately 40 bps, in addition to higher raw material costs for approximately ~~150~~40 bps ~~which more than offset selling price increases. Additionally, in relation to our restructuring initiatives undertaken during~~and supply chain challenges throughout the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 and continuing into the first half of fiscal 2019, as further described in Note 3, “Restructuring,” inventory-related charges totaling 30 bps impacted the current-year gross profit margin, which mainly included product line rationalization at our industrial segment. We anticipate that rising raw material prices will continue to trend upward due to higher petrochemical costs, rising global demand and recentperiod for approximately 40 bps. Recent changes in international trade duties and policies ~~which~~ could materially impact the cost of our raw materials. Specifically, recently imposed tariffs, including tariffs on steel imports into the ~~United States, will likely~~U.S., have had an unfavorable impact on the cost of our cans and packaging.

SG&A Our consolidated SG&A expense during the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$75.8~~$3.0 million higher versus the same period last year, ~~and increased~~but decreased to ~~31.5%~~28.0% of net sales from ~~30.6%~~28.4% of net sales for the comparable ~~prior~~ period. Last year’s first half reported SG&A percentage of net sales of 31.5% has been recast to 28.4% in order to reflect the current year change in accounting principle related to shipping and handling costs, which were previously recognized in SG&A expenses and are now recognized in cost of sales. During the first half of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, we continued our 2020 MAP to ~~Growth. In connection with this plan, we incurred~~Growth and have generated $11.4 million of incremental savings, which is net of implementation costs for ERP ~~implementation and~~systems, consolidation expenses ~~increases in allowances for doubtful accounts,~~ and professional fees in connection with implementing our 2020 MAP to Growth initiative and the negotiation of a cooperation agreement with an activist stockholder totaling approximately $18.2 million. Also, during the first half of fiscal 2019, we incurred higher costs of approximately $10.0 million related to unfavorable legal settlements and associated legal fees when compared to the prior year period.initiative. Additional SG&A expense incurred from companies acquired during the previous 12 months approximated ~~$13.8~~$7.5 million during the first half of fiscal 2019. There was also higher distribution and commission expense on higher sales volume during the first half of fiscal 2019, in addition to higher bad debt expense, increased compensation from bonus accruals and advertising expense when compared to the prior year period. Finally, transactional foreign exchange resulted in an unfavorable variance of approximately $2.7 million compared to the prior year period.2020.

Our ~~industrial~~CPG segment SG&A was approximately ~~$21.6~~$6.1 million higher for the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 versus the comparable prior year period ~~and increased~~but decreased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to increased commissions directly associated with higher sales volume, partially offset by 2020 MAP to Growth savings in the ~~increased~~current period. Additionally, companies acquired during the past 12 months contributed approximately $5.3 million of additional SG&A expense.

Our PCG segment SG&A was approximately $8.2 million lower for the first half of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable prior year period and decreased as a percentage of net sales, mainly due to 2020 MAP to Growth savings in the current period, decreased allowance for doubtful accounts associated with accounts deemed uncollectible as a result of changes in our market and leadership strategy ~~which approximated $6.9 million. Additionally, there was also higher distribution expense~~ and unfavorable transactional foreign ~~exchange.~~exchange that occurred in the prior comparable period. These decreases were slightly offset by approximately $0.4 million of additional SG&A expense generated from companies acquired during the past 12 ~~months approximated $4.2 million.~~months.

Our ~~consumer~~Consumer segment SG&A increased by approximately ~~$30.2~~$4.3 million during the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 versus the same period last year ~~and increased~~but decreased as a percentage of net sales. This was primarily attributable to ~~the combined impact of unfavorable legal settlements and associated legal fees incurred~~increases in distribution costs. In addition, during the ~~first half~~current period, we decided to no longer pursue a product line targeted for OEM markets. We performed a recoverability assessment for certain prepaid assets associated with this product line, which resulted in the recognition of ~~fiscal 2019, which totaled~~a $6.9 million charge this period. These increases were partially offset by 2020 MAP to Growth savings. Lastly, companies acquired during the past 12 months contributed approximately ~~$10.0 million. Additionally, there was higher distribution expense on higher sales volume, as well as higher advertising expense when compared to the prior year.~~ $1.8 million of additional SG&A expense.

Our ~~specialty~~Specialty segment SG&A was approximately ~~$7.3~~$1.1 million higher during the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 versus the comparable prior year period, and increased ~~slightly~~ as a percentage of net sales. The increase in SG&A expense is mainly attributable to additional costs associated with the ERP consolidation plan associated with our 2020 MAP to Growth ~~along with increased distribution costs and increased expenses related to new product initiatives.~~ partially offset by cost control measures.

SG&A expenses in our corporate/other category of ~~$54.2~~$53.8 million during the first half of fiscal ~~2019 increased~~2020 decreased by ~~$16.8~~$0.4 million from ~~$37.4~~$54.2 million recorded during last year’s first half, ~~resulting primarily from~~as higher professional fees in connection with our 2020 MAP to Growth ~~initiative and the negotiation of an activist shareholder cooperation agreement, which approximated $9.5 million. Additionally, there~~ were ~~increases in pension expense,~~offset by lower hospitalization ~~costs and legal fees.~~ costs.

We recorded total net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs of ~~$22.8~~$26.2 million and ~~$21.6~~$22.8 million for the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The ~~$1.2~~$3.5 million increase in pension expense resulted from ~~an approximate $2.9 million increase in interest cost, partially offset by~~ the combination of ~~lower~~higher net actuarial losses recognized during the current first half versus last year’s first half for approximately ~~$0.8~~$3.2 million and a higher ~~expected return on increased plan assets~~service costs of approximately $1.4 million during the current ~~first half~~period versus the same period ~~last~~a year ~~for~~ago. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately ~~$0.9 million.~~$1.2 million in interest costs during the current period, when compared to the same period a year ago. We expect that pension expense will fluctuate on a year-to-year basis, depending upon the investment performance of plan assets and potential changes in interest rates, but such changes are not expected to be material to our consolidated financial results.

Restructuring Charges We recorded restructuring charges of $11.4 million during the first half of fiscal 2020, which compares with $27.8 million during the first half of fiscal ~~2019, which~~2019. These charges were the result of our continued implementation of our 2020 MAP to Growth, which focuses upon strategic shifts in operations across our entire business. On a consolidated basis, we incurred ~~$25.6~~$6.5 million of severance and benefit costs ~~$1.5~~during the first half of fiscal 2020 compared with $25.6 million ~~of facility~~during the same period a year ago. Facility closure and other related costs ~~and $0.7~~totaled $4.6 million during the first half of fiscal 2020 versus $1.5 million during the first half of fiscal 2019. Finally, $0.3 million of other asset ~~write-offs.~~write-offs during the period compared with $0.7 million during the same period a year ago. These charges were associated with closures of certain facilities as well as the elimination of duplicative headcount and infrastructure associated with certain of our businesses.

For further information and detail about the 2020 MAP to Growth restructuring plan, see “Restructuring Charges” in Results of Operations – Three Months Ended November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, and Note 3,4, “Restructuring,” to the ~~Condensed~~Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Expense Interest expense was ~~$47.5~~$54.7 million for the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 versus ~~$53.2~~$47.5 million for the same period a year ago. The reversal of the convertible bond interest accrual during the first half of fiscal 2019 increased interest expense by approximately $2.1 million versus the same period a year ago. Excluding acquisition-related borrowings, higher average borrowings period over period increased interest expense by approximately $3.4 million during the first half of fiscal 2020 versus the comparable period a year ago. Higher average borrowings, related to recent acquisitions, increased interest expense during this year’s first half by approximately ~~$2.2~~$1.3 million versus the same period a year ago. The reversal of the convertible bond interest accrual decreased interest expense by approximately $2.1 million during this year’s first half versus the comparable prior year period. Excluding acquisition-related borrowings, which carried higher average interest financing costs, lower average borrowings quarter over quarter decreased interest expense by approximately $2.3 million during the first half of fiscal 2019 when compared to the prior comparable period. LowerHigher interest rates, which averaged ~~3.99%~~4.00% overall for the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compared with ~~4.34%~~3.99% for the same period of fiscal ~~2018, decreased~~2019, increased interest expense by approximately ~~$3.4~~$0.3 million during the current ~~quarter~~period versus the same period last year.

Investment (Income), Net Net investment ~~losses~~income of approximately ~~$4.6~~$14.2 million for the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compares to net investment ~~income~~losses of ~~$8.2~~$4.6 million during the same period last year. Dividend and interest income totaled ~~$3.5~~$3.7 million and ~~$3.3~~$3.5 million for the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Net ~~losses~~gains on marketable securities totaled ~~$8.1~~$10.5 million during the first half of fiscal ~~2019, compared to~~2020, while there were net realized ~~gains on the sales~~losses of ~~investments of $4.9~~$8.1 million during the same period a year ago.

~~Other Expense (Income), Net~~ Other expense of $3.7 million for the six months ended November 30, 2018 compares with other income of $0.4 million for the corresponding period a year ago. The current period expense includes a loss of $3.1 million related to the fair value remeasurement of our 2.25% convertible senior notes due 2020 on its conversion date of November 27, 2018.

IBT Our consolidated pretax income for the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 of ~~$158.5~~$244.6 million compares with pretax income of ~~$264.5~~$158.5 million for the same period a year ago.

Our ~~industrial~~CPG segment had IBT of ~~$123.5~~$139.8 million, or ~~8.2%~~13.5% of net sales, for the six months ended November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, versus IBT of ~~$156.6~~$100.4 million, or ~~10.9%~~10.2% of net sales, for the same period a year ago. Our ~~industrial~~CPG segment results reflect 2020 MAP to Growth savings, selling price increases and increased earnings from recent acquisitions. Our PCG segment had IBT of $61.4 million, or 10.4% of net sales, ~~volume, which were offset by~~for the ~~impact from higher raw material costs, restructuring~~six months ended November 30, 2019, versus IBT of $30.6 million, or 5.2% of net sales, for the same period a year ago. Our PCG segment results reflect 2020 MAP to Growth savings and ~~unfavorable transactional foreign exchange expense.~~selling price increases. Our ~~consumer~~Consumer segment IBT approximated ~~$92.5~~$93.6 million, or 10.1% of net sales, for the first half of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, versus the prior year first half pretax income of ~~$117.5~~$92.8 million, or ~~13.9%~~10.3% of net sales. The ~~current~~prior period results ~~includes market share gains, as demonstrated by~~reflect the ~~increase in sales volume, which were more than offset by rising raw material costs,~~ unfavorable legal settlements ~~higher advertising costs~~ and ~~restructuring charges.~~related legal fees of approximately $10.0 million. Our ~~specialty~~Specialty segment had pretax income of ~~$57.8~~$42.1 million, or ~~14.3%~~13.2% of net sales for the ~~quarter~~six months ended November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, versus pretax income of ~~$67.6~~$49.9 million, or ~~17.5%~~14.4% of net sales, for the same period a year ago, reflecting ~~rising raw material costs, the expiration of an edible coating patent which expired during the month of August 2017, as well as the costs associated with the ERP consolidation plan..~~declines in sales volume in our fluorescent pigment, restoration equipment and specialty coatings businesses.

Income Tax Rate On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted into law. The income tax effects of changes in tax laws are recognized in the period when enacted. The Act provides for numerous significant tax law changes and modifications with varying effective dates. Generally, the more significant provisions of the Act that impacted us for the year ended May 31, 2018 included the reduction in the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, the creation of a territorial tax system (with a one-time mandatory tax on previously deferred foreign earnings), and allowance for immediate capital expensing of certain qualified property. The corporate tax rate reduction was effective for us as of January 1, 2018 and, accordingly, reduced our federal statutory rate to a blended rate of approximately 29.2% for fiscal 2018 and to 21% for fiscal 2019 and thereafter.

Subsequent to the enactment of the Act, the SEC issued SAB 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Act’s enactment date for companies to complete the applicable accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118 and based on the information available as of May 31, 2018, we recorded a net provisional income tax expense of $7.3 million in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Act.

During the six-month period ended November 30, 2018, there were no changes recorded to the net provisional income tax expense recorded as of May 31, 2018 as a result of the Act. Refer to Note 9, “Income Taxes”, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosures and discussion regarding the Act and the provisional income tax expense recorded as of May 31, 2018.

The effective income tax ~~expense~~rate of 24.9% for the six months ended November 30, 2019 compares to the effective income tax rate of 24.7% for the ~~six-months~~six months ended November 30, ~~2018 compares to an~~2018. The effective income tax ~~rate of 19.6%~~rates for the ~~six-months~~six months ended November 30, ~~2017.~~ ~~The effective tax rate for the six-months ended November 30,~~2019 and 2018 ~~reflects~~reflect variances from the ~~federal~~21% statutory rate ~~of 21%~~ due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state and local income taxes and the net tax on foreign subsidiary income resulting from the global intangible low-taxed income provisions, partially offset by a

~~favorable discrete tax adjustment of $4.1 million for the excess~~ tax benefits related to equity compensation. ~~The effective income tax rate of 19.6% for the six-months ended November 30, 2017 reflects variances from the pre-tax reform federal statutory rate of 35% due to~~ lower effective tax rates of certain of our foreign subsidiaries, the benefit of the domestic manufacturing deduction, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of state and local taxes. Additionally, during the six-months ended November 30, 2017 we recorded favorable discrete tax adjustments of $3.5 million for the excess tax benefits related to equity compensation, $18.0 million related to the implementation of a foreign legal entity restructuring and corresponding planning strategy, and $9.0 million related to foreign tax credit planning.

Net Income Net income of ~~$119.4~~$183.8 million for the six months ended November 30, ~~2018~~2019 compares to net income of ~~$212.8~~$119.4 million for the comparable prior year period. ~~Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests approximated $0.4 million and $0.9 million for the first half of fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively.~~ Net income attributable to RPM International Inc. stockholders for the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 was ~~$119.0~~$183.2 million, or ~~4.2%~~6.4% of consolidated net sales, which compared to net income of ~~$211.9~~$119.0 million, or ~~8.0%~~4.2% of consolidated net sales for the comparable prior year period.

Diluted earnings per share of common stock for the six months ended November 30, ~~2018~~2019 of ~~$0.89~~$1.41 compares with diluted earnings per share of common stock of ~~$1.56~~$0.89 for the six months ended November 30, ~~2017.~~2018.

Approximately ~~$148.3~~$300.2 million of cash was provided by operating activities during the first half of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, compared with ~~$115.2~~$148.3 million of cash provided by operating activities during the same period last year.

includes the change in net income, which ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$93.4~~$64.5 million during the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 versus the same period during fiscal ~~2018.~~2019. During the first half of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, we recorded ~~$27.8~~$11.4 million in restructuring charges and made cash payments of ~~$20.3~~$13.1 million related to our 2020 MAP to Growth, as further described in Note 3,4, “Restructuring.” Changes in working capital accounts ~~and~~accounted for an improvement of approximately $146.2 million period over period, while all other accruals ~~provided~~and adjustments to reconcile net income used approximately ~~$62.3~~$58.8 million more cash flow during the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 versus the same period last year.

The change in accounts receivable during the first ~~six months~~half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 provided approximately ~~$58.3~~$91.4 million more cash than during the same period a year ago. This resulted from improved margin initiatives that shifted approximately $100.0 million in receipts from the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 to the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Days sales outstanding (“DSO”) at November 30, 2019 and 2018 ~~decreased~~was 62.8 days. While many of our businesses achieved decreases in DSO during the current period versus last year, those improvements were more than offset by increased DSO at our Consumer segment resulting from a reduction of the volume of cash collections subject to ~~62.8 days from 63.0 days at November 30, 2017.~~ early payment discounts.

During the first half of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, we spent approximately ~~$13.9~~$7.9 million less cash for inventory compared to our spending during the same period a year ~~ago. This~~ago, which resulted primarily from the ~~combination of~~ timing of purchases by retail ~~customers and a systematic reduction of inventory levels at certain businesses in our consumer segment, which resulted in product rationalization.~~customers. Days of inventory outstanding (“DIO”) ~~at November 30, 2018 decreased to 96.0 days from 101.7~~was approximately 91.2 and 91.1 days at November 30, ~~2017.~~2019 and 2018, respectively. While many of our businesses improved their DIO by several days during the current quarter versus last year, those improvements were more than offset by inventory increases at certain of our other businesses in order to accommodate and maintain customer service levels, which are the result of plant consolidations occurring as part of our 2020 MAP to Growth.

The change in accounts payable during the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 used approximately ~~$22.4~~$47.0 million ~~more~~less cash than during the first half of fiscal ~~2018,~~2019, resulting principally from the timing of certain ~~payments. Accrued compensation and benefits used approximately $4.0 million less cash during the first half of fiscal 2019 versus fiscal 2018, due~~payments as we continue to lower bonus accruals made during fiscal 2019 versus fiscal 2018. Other accruals and prepaids, including those for other short-term and long-term items and changes in accrued loss reserves, provided $4.9 million more cash during the first half of fiscal 2019 versus the same periodmove toward a ~~year ago, primarily from the timing of customer rebates.~~

center-led procurement process that includes negotiating modified payment terms. Cash provided from operations, along with the use of available credit lines, as required, remain our primary sources of liquidity.

Capital expenditures, other than for ordinary repairs and replacements, are made to accommodate our continued growth to achieve production and distribution efficiencies, expand capacity, introduce new technology, improve environmental health and safety capabilities, improve information systems, and enhance our administration capabilities. During the first half of fiscal ~~2019,~~2020, we paid ~~$127.8~~$36.3 million for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, versus ~~$54.6~~$127.8 million during the comparable prior year period. Capital expenditures of ~~$57.8~~$71.4 million during the first half of fiscal ~~2019~~2020 compare with depreciation of ~~$49.6~~$53.1 million. In the comparable prior year period, capital expenditures were ~~$45.3~~$57.8 million, which compared with depreciation of ~~$40.4~~$49.6 million. We have been increasing, and will continue to increase, our capital spending in fiscal ~~2019~~2020, in an effort to ~~more aggressively invest in~~consolidate ERP systems and our ~~internal growth initiatives, especially in overseas markets, and consolidate production resulting from~~ plant ~~closings.~~footprint, as part of 2020 MAP to Growth. We anticipate that additional shifts at our production facilities, coupled with the capacity added through acquisition activity and our planned increase in future capital spending levels, will enable us to meet increased demand throughout fiscal ~~2019~~2020 and beyond.

Our captive insurance companies invest their excess cash in marketable securities in the ordinary course of conducting their operations, and this activity will continue. Differences in the amounts related to these activities on a year-over-year basis are primarily attributable to differences in the timing and performance of their investments balanced against amounts required to satisfy claims. At November 30, ~~2018~~2019 and May 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the fair value of our investments in marketable securities totaled ~~$139.9~~$122.5 million and ~~$168.1~~$112.5 million, respectively. The fair value of our portfolio of marketable securities is based on quoted market prices for identical, or similar, instruments in active or non-active markets or model-derived-valuations with observable inputs. We have no marketable securities whose fair value is subject to unobservable inputs.

At November 30, 2018 and May 31, 2018, the fair value of our available-for-sale debt securities totaled $23.2 million and $23.5 million, respectively. Total pretax unrealized losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income at November 30, 2018 and May 31, 2018 were $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively. We regularly review our available-for-sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions in order to determine whether or not we have the ability and intent to hold these investments. That determination is based upon the severity and duration of the decline, in addition to our evaluation of the cash flow requirements of our businesses. Unrealized losses at November 30, 2018 were generally related to the normal volatility in valuations over the past several months for a portion of our portfolio of investments in marketable securities. The unrealized losses generally relate to investments whose fair values at November 30, 2018 were less than 15% below their original cost or that have been in a loss position for less than six consecutive months. From time to time, we may experience significant volatility in general economic and market conditions. If we were to experience unrealized losses that were to continue for longer periods of time, or arise to more significant levels of unrealized losses within our portfolio of investments in marketable securities in the future, we may recognize additional other-than-temporary impairment losses. Such potential losses could have a material impact on our results of operations in any given reporting period. As such, we continue to closely evaluate the status of our investments and our ability and intent to hold these investments.

As of November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, approximately ~~$198.6~~$190.5 million of our consolidated cash and cash equivalents were held at various foreign subsidiaries, compared with ~~$214.1~~$205.8 million at May 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Undistributed earnings held at our foreign subsidiaries that are considered permanently reinvested will be used, for instance, to expand operations organically or for acquisitions in foreign jurisdictions. Further, our operations in the U.S. generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy U.S. operating requirements. Refer to Note 9, “Income Taxes,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding unremitted foreign earnings.

Our available liquidity, including our cash and cash equivalents and amounts available under our committed credit facilities, stood at ~~$1.1 billion~~$822.0 million at November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, compared with ~~$1.01~~$1.28 billion at May 31, ~~2018. Our debt-to-capital ratio was 60.8%~~2019. During the current quarter, we used funds from our revolving credit facility to pay off our $450 million, 6.125% notes due in October 2019.

On February 27, 2019, we closed an offering for $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.550% Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”). The proceeds from the 2029 Notes were used to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility and for general corporate purposes. Interest on the 2029 Notes accrues from February 27, 2019 and is payable semiannually in arrears on March 1^st and September 1^st of each year at ~~November 30, 2018, compared with 57.1% at May 31, 2018.~~a rate of 4.550% per year. The 2029 Notes mature on March 1, 2029. The indenture governing this indebtedness includes cross-acceleration provisions. Under certain circumstances, where an event of default under our other instruments results in acceleration of the indebtedness under such instruments, holders of the indebtedness under the indenture are entitled to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

On December 20, 2017, we closed an offering for $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.250% Notes due 2048 (the “2048 Notes”). The proceeds from the 2048 Notes were used to repay $250.0 million in principal amount of unsecured 6.50% senior notes due February 15, 2018, and for general corporate purposes. Interest on the 2048 Notes accrues from December 20, 2017 and is payable semiannually in arrears on January 15^th and July 15^th of each year ~~beginning July 15, 2018,~~ at a rate of 4.250% per year. The 2048 Notes mature on January 15, 2048. The indenture governing this indebtedness includes cross-acceleration provisions. Under certain circumstances, where an event of default under our other instruments results in acceleration of the indebtedness under such instruments, holders of the indebtedness under the indenture are entitled to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

On March 2, 2017, we issued $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.250% Notes due 2045 (the “2045 Notes”) and $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.750% Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The 2045 Notes are a further issuance of the $250 million aggregate principal amount of 5.250% Notes due 2045 initially issued by us on May 29, 2015. Interest on the 2045 Notes ~~accrues from December 1, 2016 and~~ is payable semiannually in arrears on June 1st and December 1st of each year ~~beginning June 1, 2017,~~ at a rate of 5.250% per year. The 2045 Notes mature on June 1, 2045. Interest on the 2027 Notes ~~accrues from March 2, 2017 and~~ is payable semiannually in arrears on March 15th and September 15th of each year, ~~beginning September 15, 2017,~~ at a rate of 3.750% per year. The 2027 Notes mature on March 15, 2027. The indenture governing this indebtedness includes cross-acceleration provisions. Under certain circumstances, where an event of default under our other instruments results in acceleration of the indebtedness under such instruments, holders of the indebtedness under the indenture are entitled to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

During the ~~current~~ quarter ended November 30, 2018, we replaced our previous $800.0 million revolving credit agreement, which was set to expire on December 5, 2019, with a $1.3 billion unsecured syndicated revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which expires on October 31, 2023. The Revolving Credit Facility includes sublimits for the issuance of swingline loans, which are comparatively short-term loans used for working capital purposes and letters of credit. The aggregate maximum principal amount of the commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility may be expanded upon our request, subject to certain conditions, up to $1.5 billion. The Revolving Credit Facility is available to refinance existing indebtedness, to finance working capital and capital expenditures, and for general corporate purposes. Accordingly, during October 2019, we utilized available funds from our Revolving Credit Facility to repay our $450 million unsecured 6.125% senior notes, which matured on October 15, 2019. At May 31, 2019, the outstanding balance on our 6.125% senior notes approximated $450.5 million, which is included in the current portion of long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets.

The Revolving Credit Facility requires us to comply with various customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a leverage covenant and interest coverage ratio, which are calculated in accordance with the terms as defined by the credit agreement. Under the terms of the leverage covenant, we may not permit our leverage ratio for total indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA for the four most recent fiscal quarters to exceed 3.75 to 1.0. During certain periods and per the terms of the Revolving Credit Facility, this ratio ismay be increased to 4.25 to ~~1.0.~~ 1.0 in the event of an acquisition for which the aggregate consideration is $100.0 million or greater. The minimum required consolidated interest coverage ratio for EBITDA to interest expense is 3.50 to 1. The interest coverage ratio is calculated at the end of each fiscal quarter for the four fiscal quarters then ~~ended using an~~ended. For purposes of these computations, EBITDA asis defined in the ~~credit agreement.~~Revolving Credit Facility.

As of November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, we were in compliance with all financial covenants contained in our Revolving Credit Facility, including the leverage and interest coverage ratio covenants. At that date, our leverage ratio was ~~3.04~~2.93 to 1, while our interest coverage ratio was ~~7.74~~7.59 to 1. Our available liquidity under our Revolving Credit Facility stood at ~~$787.9~~$513.8 million at November 30, ~~2018.~~2019.

Our access to funds under our Revolving Credit Facility is dependent on the ability of the financial institutions that are parties to the Revolving Credit Facility to meet their funding commitments. Those financial institutions may not be able to meet their funding commitments if they experience shortages of capital and liquidity or if they experience excessive volumes of borrowing requests within a short period of time. Moreover, the obligations of the financial institutions under our Revolving Credit Facility are several and not joint and, as a result, a funding default by one or more institutions does not need to be made up by the others.

On May 9, ~~2017,~~2014, we entered into a ~~new, three-year,~~ $200.0 million accounts receivable securitization facility (the “AR Program”). The AR Program, which expires on May 8, 2020, was entered into pursuant to (1) a second amended and restated receivables sales agreement, dated as of May 9, 2014, and subsequently amended on August 29, 2014; November 3, 2015; December 31, 2016; and March 31, 2017 (the “Sale Agreement”), among certain of our subsidiaries (the “Originators”), and RPM Funding Corporation, a special purpose entity (the “SPE”) whose voting interests are wholly owned by us, and (2) an amended and restated receivables purchase agreement, dated as of May 9, 2014 and subsequently amended on February 25, 2015 and May 2, 2017 (the “Purchase Agreement”), among the SPE, certain purchasers from time to time party thereto (the “Purchasers”), and PNC Bank, National Association as administrative agent.

Under the Sale Agreement, the Originators may, during the term thereof, sell specified accounts receivable to the SPE, which may in turn, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, transfer an undivided interest in such accounts receivable to the Purchasers. Once transferred to the SPE, such receivables are owned in their entirety by the SPE and are not available to satisfy claims of our creditors or creditors of the originating subsidiaries until the obligations owing to the participating banks have been paid in full. We indirectly hold a 100% economic interest in the SPE and will, along with our subsidiaries, receive the economic benefit of the AR Program. The transactions contemplated by the AR Program do not constitute a form of off-balance sheet financing, and will be fully reflected in our financial statements.

The maximum availability under the AR Program is $200.0 million. Availability is further subject to changes in the credit ratings of our customers, customer concentration levels or certain characteristics of the accounts receivable being transferred and, therefore, at certain times, we may not be able to fully access the $200.0 million of funding available under the AR Program.

As of November 30, ~~2018,~~2019, the outstanding balance under the AR Program was ~~$125.0~~$100.0 million, which compares with the maximum availability on that date of $200.0 million.

The interest rate under the Purchase Agreement is based on the Alternate Base Rate, LIBOR Market Index Rate, one-month LIBOR or LIBOR for a specified tranche period, as selected by us, plus in each case a margin of 0.80%. In addition, ~~we are~~as set forth in an Amended and Restated Fee Letter, dated May 2, 2017 (the “Fee Letter”), the SPE is obligated to pay a monthly unused commitment fee to the Purchasers based on the daily amount of unused commitments under the Agreement, which ~~fee~~ ranges from 0.30% to 0.50% based on usage. The AR Program contains various customary affirmative and negative covenants, ~~and also contains~~as well as customary default and termination provisions.

Our failure to comply with the covenants described above and other covenants contained in the Revolving Credit Facility could result in an event of default under that agreement, entitling the lenders to, among other things, declare the entire amount outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility to be due and ~~payable.~~payable immediately. The instruments governing our other outstanding indebtedness generally include cross-default provisions that provide that, under certain circumstances, an event of default that results in acceleration of our indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility will entitle the holders of such other indebtedness to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

On December 9, 2013, we issued $205 million of 2.25% ~~convertible senior notes~~Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 (the “Convertible Notes”). We paid interest on the Convertible Notes semi-annually on June 15^th and December 15^th of each year.

We completed the redemption of all $205.0 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding Convertible Notes on November 27, 2018 (the “Redemption Date”). The redemption price for the Convertible Notes was equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest until, but excluding, the Redemption Date. As a result of the issuance of the notice of redemption, the Convertible Notes became convertible at any time prior to the close of business on November 26, 2018. The conversion rate was 19.221062 shares of RPM common stock per $1,000 original principal amount of the Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $52.12 per share (subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Indenture). In accordance with the provisions of the indenture for the Convertible Notes, we elected to settle the Convertible Notes surrendered for conversion through a combination settlement of cash and shares of RPM common stock. In settlement of those conversions, we paid an aggregate of approximately $204.6 million in cash, including cash in lieu of fractional shares, and issued 598,601 shares of RPM common stock in the aggregate.

~~Under the terms~~On January 9, 2008, we announced our authorization of ~~our current~~a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase shares of RPM International Inc. common stock at management’s ~~discretion for general corporate purposes.~~discretion. As announced on November 28, 2018, our goal is to return $1.0 billion in capital to stockholders by May 31, 2021 through share repurchases. On April 16, 2019, after taking into account share repurchases under our existing stock repurchase program to date, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of the remaining $600.0 million in value of RPM International Inc. common stock by May 31, 2021. As a result, we may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in private transactions at various times and in amounts and for prices that our management deems appropriate, subject to insider trading rules and other securities law restrictions. The timing of our purchases will depend upon prevailing market conditions, alternative uses of capital and other factors. We may limit or terminate the repurchase program at any time.

~~As announced on~~ During the three months ended November ~~28, 2018,~~30, 2019, we did not repurchase any shares of our ~~goal is to return $1.5 billion in capital to stockholders by May 31, 2021 through dividends and share repurchases.~~common stock under this program. During the three months ended November 30, 2018, we repurchased 1,144,952 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $75.0 million, or an average cost of $65.50 per share, under this program. During the six months ended November 30, 2019, we repurchased 1,655,616 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $100.0 million, or an average cost of $60.40 per share, under this program. During the six months ended November 30, 2018, we repurchased 1,248,398 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $82.0 million, or an average cost of $65.68 per share, under this program. ~~During the three and six-month periods ended November 30, 2017, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock under this program.~~

We do not have any off-balance sheet financings for the year ended May 31, 2019, other than the minimum operating lease commitments ~~included~~as previously disclosed in our Form 10-K for the ~~above Contractual Obligations table.~~year ended May 31, 2019. As of June 1, 2019, upon adoption of ASC 842, the minimum operating lease commitments are no longer off-balance sheet. We have no subsidiaries that are not included in our financial statements, nor do we have any interests in, or relationships with, any special purpose entities that are not reflected in our financial statements.

Environmental obligations continue to be appropriately addressed and, based upon the latest available information, it is not anticipated that the outcome of such matters will materially affect our results of operations or financial condition. Our critical accounting policies and estimates set forth above describe our method of establishing and adjusting environmental-related accruals and should be read in conjunction with this disclosure. For additional information, refer to “Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings.”

The foregoing discussion includes forward-looking statements relating to our business. These forward-looking statements, or other statements made by us, are made based on our expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting us and are subject to uncertainties and factors (including those specified below), which are difficult to predict and, in many instances, are beyond our control. As a result, our actual results could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any such forward-looking statements. These uncertainties and factors include (a) global markets and general economic conditions, including uncertainties surrounding the volatility in financial markets, the availability of capital and the effect of changes in interest rates, and the viability of banks and other financial institutions; (b) the prices, supply and capacity of raw materials, including assorted pigments, resins, solvents, and other natural gas- and oil-based materials; packaging, including plastic containers; and transportation services, including fuel surcharges; (c) continued growth in demand for our products; (d) legal, environmental and litigation risks inherent in our construction and chemicals businesses and risks related to the adequacy of our insurance coverage for such matters; (e) the effect of changes in interest rates; (f) the effect of fluctuations in currency exchange rates upon our foreign operations; (g) the effect of non-currency risks of investing in and conducting operations in foreign countries, including those relating to domestic and international political, social, economic and regulatory factors; (h) risks and uncertainties associated with our ongoing acquisition and divestiture activities; (i) the timing of and the realization of anticipated cost savings from restructuring initiatives and the ability to identify additional cost savings opportunities; (j) risks related to the adequacy of our contingent liability reserves; and ~~(j)~~(k) other risks detailed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, ~~2018,~~2019, as the same may be updated from time to time. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect future events, information or circumstances that arise after the filing date of this document.

We are exposed to market risk from changes in raw materials costs, interest rates and foreign exchange rates since we fund our operations through long- and short-term borrowings and conduct our business in a variety of foreign currencies. There were no material potential changes in our exposure to these market risks since May 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of November 30, ~~2018~~2019 (the “Evaluation Date”), have concluded that as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act (1) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and (2) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended November 30, ~~2018~~2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

As previously disclosed, we were notified by the SEC on June 24, 2014, that we are the subject of a formal investigation pertaining to the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves in fiscal 2013 with respect to the previously disclosed DOJ and GSA Office of Inspector General investigation into compliance issues relating to Tremco Roofing Division’s GSA contracts. As previously disclosed, our audit committee completed an investigation into the facts and circumstances surrounding the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves with respect to the GSA and DOJ investigations, and determined that it was appropriate to restate our financial results for the first, second and third quarters of fiscal 2013. These restatements had no impact on our audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2013 or 2014. The audit committee’s investigation concluded that there was no intentional misconduct on the part of any of our officers.

In connection with the foregoing, on September 9, 2016, the SEC filed an enforcement action in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against us and our General Counsel. We have cooperated with the SEC’s investigation and believe the allegations in the complaint mischaracterize both our and our General Counsel’s actions in connection with the matters related to our quarterly results in fiscal 2013 and are without merit. The complaint seeks disgorgement of gains that may have resulted from the conduct alleged in the complaint, and payment of unspecified monetary penalties from us and our General Counsel pursuant to Section 20(d) of the Securities Act and Section 21(d)(3) of the Exchange Act. Further, the complaint seeks to permanently enjoin us from violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and (a)(3) of the Securities Act, Sections 13(a), 13(b)(2)(A) and 13(b)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act, and Exchange Act Rules 12b-20, 13a-1, 13a-11 and 13a-13, and to permanently enjoin our General Counsel from violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and (a)(3) of the Securities Act and Exchange Act Rules 13b2-1 and 13b2-2(a). Both we and our General Counsel filed motions to dismiss the complaint on February 24, 2017. Those motions to dismiss the complaint were denied by the Court on September 29, 2017. We and our General Counsel filed answers to the complaint on October 16, 2017. Formal discovery commenced in January 2018 and closed as of June 3, 2019, other than one remaining discovery dispute. The parties engaged in written discovery, and several fact witnesses were deposed. The dispositive motion briefing schedule was vacated by the Court on July 2, 2019, due to the remaining discovery dispute, and will be reset once this dispute is ~~ongoing.~~fully resolved. We intend to continue to contest the allegations in the complaint vigorously.

On March 19, 2018, the U.S. EPA visited a Rust-Oleum facility and subsequently issued a citation on April 19, 2018 alleging infractions associated with the site’s operations. Rust-Oleum entered into a Consent Agreement and Final Order with U.S. EPA associated therewith that included a penalty in the amount of $168,000, which was approved by U.S. EPA on September 26, 2018.

In June 2017, the U.S. EPA visited a Kop-Coat facility and then issued a notice of potential non-compliance with Toxic Release Inventory reporting requirements under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act in September 2018. Kop-Coat is negotiating a Consent Agreement and Final Order with U.S. EPA associated therewith that includes a proposed penalty of approximately $155,000.

As previously reported, several of our subsidiaries are, from time to time, identified as a “potentially responsible party” under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and similar local environmental statutes. In some cases, our subsidiaries are participating in the cost of certain clean-up efforts or other remedial actions. Our share of such costs to date, however, has not been material and management believes that these environmental proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations. See “Item ~~2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations~~1 — ~~Other~~Business — Environmental Matters,” in ~~Part I of~~ this ~~Quarterly~~Annual Report on Form ~~10-Q.~~10-K.

On August 13, 2019, Kirker Enterprises Inc. received an Administrative Order and Civil Administrative Penalty Assessment letter from the State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Air Enforcement formally notifying it of alleged failures to fulfill all conditions of an air permit applicable to its Patterson, New Jersey facility. The letter includes a proposed penalty of approximately $192,000.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

(c) The following table presents information about repurchases of common stock we made during the second quarter of fiscal ~~2019:~~2020:

Maximum

Total Number

Number of

of Shares

Shares that

Purchased as

May Yet be

Part of Publicly

Purchased

Total Number

Average

Announced

Under the

of Shares

Price Paid

Plans or

Plans or

Period

Purchased(1)

Per Share

Programs

Programs(2)

September 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018

655,158

$
67.34

655,158

-

October 1, 2018 through October 31, 2018

283,365

$
62.64

241,396

-

November 1, 2018 through November 30, 2018

254,131

$
63.01

248,398

751,602

Total - Second Quarter

1,192,654

$
65.30

1,144,952

751,602

Maximum

Total Number

Dollar Amount

of Shares

that

Purchased as

May Yet be

Part of Publicly

Purchased

Total Number

Average

Announced

Under the

of Shares

Price Paid

Plans or

Period

Purchased(1)

Per Share

Programs

Programs(2)

September 1, 2019 through September 30, 2019

7,354

69.30

October 1, 2019 through October 31, 2019

51,179

68.75

November 1, 2019 through November 30, 2019

Total - Second Quarter

58,533

68.82

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

~~DELAWARE~~Delaware		02-0642224
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

P.O. BOX 777; 2628 PEARL ROAD; MEDINA, ~~OHIO~~Ohio (Address of principal executive offices)		44258 (Zip Code)
		44258 (Zip Code)

		Page No.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements:
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Consolidated Statements of Income	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	~~Notes to~~ Consolidated ~~Financial~~ Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3031
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	4041
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	4142

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	4243
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	4243
Item 2.	Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4344
Item 6.	Exhibits	44
~~Signatures~~		45
Signatures		46

	Available-For-Sale Securities
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value (Net Carrying Amount)
November 30, 2018
Fixed maturity:
U.S. treasury and other government	$	23,292	$	26	$	(535	)	$	22,783
Corporate bonds		411		29		-			440
Total available-for-sale securities	$	23,703	$	55	$	(535	)	$	23,223

	Available-For-Sale Securities
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value (Net Carrying Amount)
May 31, 2018
Equity securities:
Mutual funds - foreign	$	46,123	$	1,839	$	(1,197	)	$	46,765
Mutual funds - domestic		99,833		727		(2,770	)		97,790
Total equity securities		145,956		2,566		(3,967	)		144,555
Fixed maturity:
U.S. treasury and other government		23,562		39		(552	)		23,049
Corporate bonds		432		43		(8	)		467
Total fixed maturity securities		23,994		82		(560	)		23,516
Total	$	169,950	$	2,648	$	(4,527	)	$	168,071

	November 30, 2018					May 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Total investments with unrealized losses	$	20,215	$	(535	)	$	106,253	$	(4,527	)
Unrealized losses with a loss position for less than 12 months		2,646		(19	)		68,376		(1,570	)
Unrealized losses with a loss position for more than 12 months		17,569		(516	)		37,877		(2,957	)

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due:
Less than one year	$	7,897	$	7,841
One year through five years		11,576		11,282
Six years through ten years		3,294		3,152
After ten years		936		948
	$	23,703	$	23,223

	At November 30, 2018				At November 30, 2019
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	226,914	$	226,914	$	208,173	$	208,173
Marketable equity securities		116,669		116,669		97,798		97,798
Marketable debt securities		23,223		23,223		24,680		24,680
Long-term debt, including current portion		2,372,742		2,313,513		2,523,475		2,616,790

	At May 31, 2018				At May 31, 2019
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	244,422	$	244,422	$	223,168	$	223,168
Marketable equity securities		144,555		144,555		87,525		87,525
Marketable debt securities		23,516		23,516		25,009		25,009
Long-term debt, including current portion		2,174,144		2,215,458		2,525,908		2,526,817

Year ending May 31,	Operating Leases
(In thousands)
2020 (excluding the six months ended November 30)	$	31,980
2021		55,648
2022		44,471
2023		34,573
2024		28,663
Thereafter		162,830
Total lease payments	$	358,165
Less imputed interest		63,300
Total present value of lease liabilities	$	294,865

(In thousands)	Total RPM International Inc. Equity			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Equity
Total Equity at August 31, 2018	$	1,610,447		$	2,932		$	1,613,379
Net income (loss)		49,224			(51	)		49,173
Other Comprehensive Income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(12,336	)		91			(12,245	)
Pension and other postretirement benefit liability adjustments, net of tax		3,428						3,428
Unrealized (loss) on securities and other, net of tax		(1,515	)					(1,515	)
Unrealized gain on derivatives, net of tax		2,349						2,349
Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net of tax		(8,074	)		91			(7,983	)
Comprehensive Income		41,150			40			41,190
Dividends paid		(46,482	)					(46,482	)
Other		797			567			1,364
Shares repurchased and returned for taxes		(2,879	)					(2,879	)
Share repurchases under repurchase program		(74,998	)					(74,998	)
Stock based compensation expense - included in SG&A		6,227						6,227
Stock based compensation expense - included in restructuring expense		1,053						1,053
Convertible bond redemption		(2,808	)					(2,808	)
Total Equity at November 30, 2018	$	1,532,507		$	3,539		$	1,536,046

							Maximum
					Total Number		Number of
					of Shares		Shares that
					Purchased as		May Yet be
					Part of Publicly		Purchased
	Total Number		Average		Announced		Under the
	of Shares		Price Paid		Plans or		Plans or
Period	Purchased(1)		Per Share		Programs		Programs(2)
September 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018		655,158	$	67.34		655,158		-
October 1, 2018 through October 31, 2018		283,365	$	62.64		241,396		-
November 1, 2018 through November 30, 2018		254,131	$	63.01		248,398		751,602
Total - Second Quarter		1,192,654	$	65.30		1,144,952		751,602

Exhibit Number		Description


~~10.1~~		RPM International Inc. Amended and Restated 2014 Omnibus Equity and Incentive Plan, which is incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 30, 2018 (File No. 1-14187)

~~10.2~~		Credit Agreement among RPM International Inc., the other Borrowers party thereto, the Lenders party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, dated October 31, 2018, which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 6, 2018 (File No. 1-14187)

12		~~Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges. (x)~~

31.1		Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.(x)

31.2		Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.(x)

32.1		Section 1350 Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.(x)

32.2		Section 1350 Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.(x)

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance ~~Document.~~Document- the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

104		The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2019, has been formatted in Inline XBRL

	RPM International Inc.

	By:		/s/ Frank C. Sullivan
			Frank C. Sullivan
			Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

	By:		/s/ Russell L. Gordon
			Russell L. Gordon
			Vice President and
			Chief Financial Officer

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company