Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of ~~November~~May 7, ~~2019, 16,413,473~~2020, 16,455,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01, were outstanding.

Condensed Statement of Consolidated Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						March 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019
Revenue	$	10,884		$	16,589		$	35,742		$	39,339		$	13,383		$	9,579
Cost of sales		8,006			10,016			25,080			28,560			9,754			6,937
Gross profit		2,878			6,573			10,662			10,779			3,629			2,642
Operating expenses
Research and development		2,430			2,444			7,399			8,474			2,476			2,432
Selling, general and administrative		5,326			5,200			16,916			17,755			6,163			5,423
Gain from sale-leaseback of property and equipment														(1,462	)		—
		7,756			7,644			24,315			26,229			7,177			7,855
Loss from operations		(4,878	)		(1,071	)		(13,653	)		(15,450	)		(3,548	)		(5,213	)
Other expense (income)
Other (income) expense
Interest expense		85			73			227			179			64			71
Other income ̶ net		(134	)		(838	)		(65	)		(936	)
Other (income) expense ̶ net														(190	)		12
		(49	)		(765	)		162			(757	)		(126	)		83
Loss before income taxes		(4,829	)		(306	)		(13,815	)		(14,693	)		(3,422	)		(5,296	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		15			17			(686	)		52			226			(800	)
Net loss	$	(4,844	)	$	(323	)	$	(13,129	)	$	(14,745	)	$	(3,648	)	$	(4,496	)
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.30	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.81	)	$	(0.91	)	$	(0.22	)	$	(0.28	)
Diluted	$	(0.30	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.81	)	$	(0.91	)	$	(0.22	)	$	(0.28	)
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(4,844	)	$	(323	)	$	(13,129	)	$	(14,745	)	$	(3,648	)	$	(4,496	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(1,387	)		(429	)		(1,580	)		(1,267	)		(838	)		(776	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(6,231	)	$	(752	)	$	(14,709	)	$	(16,012	)	$	(4,486	)	$	(5,272	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

	September 30,			December 31,			March 31,			December 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,756		$	7,592		$	16,813		$	5,265
Restricted cash		1,364			1,548			508			978
Accounts receivable ̶ net		3,711			6,393			4,954			6,522
Current portion of net investment in sales-type leases		210			302			289			213
Inventories ̶ net		18,610			15,930			21,653			19,770
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,219			2,438			2,787			2,182
Total current assets		31,870			34,203			47,004			34,930
Property and equipment ̶ net		39,146			41,906			20,720			38,895
Operating lease right-of-use assets								4,789			432
Net investment in sales-type leases ̶ net of current portion		792			1,351			712			738
Other noncurrent assets		408			222			244			371
Total assets	$	72,216		$	77,682		$	73,469		$	75,366
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	151		$	144		$	155		$	153
Accounts payable		6,035			4,376			4,385			5,818
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		4,116			6,049			4,590			6,942
Current portion of operating lease liabilities								1,684			158
Current portion of contract liabilities		8,824			2,343			13,646			11,846
Total current liabilities		19,126			12,912			24,460			24,917
Related party revolving credit facility		2,000			—
Long-term debt ̶ net of current portion		1,250			1,364			1,171			1,211
Operating lease liabilities ̶ net of current portion								3,105			274
Contract liabilities ̶ net of current portion		227			527			230			286
Other noncurrent liabilities		250			104			115			96
Total liabilities		22,853			14,907			29,081			26,784
Contingencies and commitments
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 16,346,960 (2019) and 16,234,201 (2018) shares issued and outstanding		163			162
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 16,386,487 (2020) and 16,346,960 (2019) shares issued and outstanding								164			163
Additional paid-in capital		176,510			175,214			177,141			176,850
Accumulated deficit		(114,982	)		(101,853	)		(120,596	)		(116,948	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(12,328	)		(10,748	)		(12,321	)		(11,483	)
Total stockholders' equity		49,363			62,775			44,388			48,582
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	72,216		$	77,682		$	73,469		$	75,366

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Nine Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(13,129	)	$	(14,745	)	$	(3,648	)	$	(4,496	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used for operations:
Depreciation and amortization		3,491			4,039
Depreciation								923			1,165
Equity-based compensation		1,076			656			292			439
Amortization of debt issuance costs		70			52			19			23
Provision (recoveries) for bad debts ̶ net		264			(40	)		51			(73	)
Provision for slow-moving, obsolete and lower of cost or net realizable value inventories ̶ net		37			910			22			107
Foreign exchange (gains) losses on intercompany transactions ̶ net								(165	)		(11	)
Gain from sale-leaseback of property and equipment								(1,462	)		—
Gain from disposal of property and equipment ̶ net		(2	)		(33	)		(2	)		—
Deferred income taxes								195			—
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects of foreign currency translation adjustments:
Decrease in accounts receivable		2,790			3,014			1,487			2,877
Decrease in net investment in sales-type leases		218			152
(Increase) decrease in net investment in sales-type leases								(50	)		87
Increase in inventories		(4,373	)		(7,458	)		(2,146	)		(1,576	)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets		(827	)		(761	)		(672	)		(509	)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable		1,822			(637	)
Decrease in accounts payable								(1,408	)		(793	)
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities		(1,934	)		(206	)		(24	)		(1,748	)
Increase in contract liabilities		6,301			6,168			1,849			3,122
Net cash used for operating activities		(4,196	)		(8,889	)		(4,739	)		(1,386	)
Investing activities
Capital expenditures		(613	)		(1,192	)		(338	)		(347	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		3			77			16,228			—
Net cash used for investing activities		(610	)		(1,115	)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities								15,890			(347	)
Financing activities
Proceeds from related party revolving credit facility		2,000			—
Payments on long-term debt								(39	)		(36	)
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options		289			521			—			165
Payments on long-term debt		(111	)		(106	)
Taxes related to the net share settlement of equity-based awards		(68	)		—			—			(68	)
Debt issuance costs		—			(265	)
Other		(10	)		(13	)		(3	)		(5	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		2,100			137
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities								(42	)		56
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(314	)		(294	)		(31	)		(121	)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(3,020	)		(10,161	)		11,078			(1,798	)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period		9,140			22,178			6,243			9,140
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	6,120		$	12,017		$	17,321		$	7,342

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
Transfer of internally developed 3D printing machines from inventories to property and equipment for internal use or leasing activities	$	1,635		$	1,521		$	852		$	819
Transfer of internally developed 3D printing machines from property and equipment to inventories for sale	$	485		$	847		$	823		$	—
Property and equipment reclassified as assets held for sale	$	—		$	822
Property and equipment included in accounts payable	$	48		$	48		$	56		$	23
Property and equipment included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	—		$	4		$	—		$	7
Property and equipment acquired through financing arrangements	$	—		$	14
Debt issuance costs included in accounts payable							$	41		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Statement of Changes in Consolidated Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

											Accumulated																Accumulated
											other			Total													other			Total
	Common stock				Additional			Accumulated			comprehensive			stockholders'			Common stock				Additional			Accumulated			comprehensive			stockholders'
	Shares		$		paid-in capital			deficit			loss			equity
Balance at December 31, 2017		16,125	$	161	$	173,718		$	(89,186	)	$	(9,484	)	$	75,209
Net loss		—		—		—			(6,385	)		—			(6,385	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—			1,402			1,402
Equity-based compensation		—		—		379			—			—			379
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan		25		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at March 31, 2018		16,150		161		174,097			(95,571	)		(8,082	)		70,605
Net loss		—		—		—			(8,037	)		—			(8,037	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			—			(2,240	)		(2,240	)
Equity-based compensation		—		—		(5	)		—			—			(5	)
Balance at June 30, 2018		16,150		161		174,092			(103,608	)		(10,322	)		60,323
Net loss		—		—		—			(323	)		—			(323	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			—			(429	)		(429	)
Equity-based compensation		—		—		282			—			—			282
Exercise of employee stock options		66		1		520			—			—			521
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan		17		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at September 30, 2018		16,233	$	162	$	174,894		$	(103,931	)	$	(10,751	)	$	60,374
																	Shares		$		paid-in capital			deficit			loss			equity
Balance at December 31, 2018		16,234	$	162	$	175,214		$	(101,853	)	$	(10,748	)	$	62,775			16,234	$	162	$	175,214		$	(101,853	)	$	(10,748	)	$	62,775
Net loss		—		—		—			(4,496	)		—			(4,496	)		—		—		—			(4,496	)		—			(4,496	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			—			(776	)		(776	)		—		—		—			—			(776	)		(776	)
Equity-based compensation		—		—		439			—			—			439			—		—		439			—			—			439
Exercise of employee stock options		23		1		164			—			—			165			23		1		164			—			—			165
Taxes related to the net share settlement of equity-based awards		—		—		(68	)		—			—			(68	)		—		—		(68	)		—			—			(68	)
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan		38		—		—			—			—			—			28		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at March 31, 2019		16,295		163		175,749			(106,349	)		(11,524	)		58,039			16,285	$	163	$	175,749		$	(106,349	)	$	(11,524	)	$	58,039
Net loss		—		—		—			(3,789	)		—			(3,789	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—			583			583
Equity-based compensation		—		—		642			—			—			642
Exercise of employee stock options		13		—		97			—			—			97
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan		10		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at June 30, 2019		16,318		163		176,488			(110,138	)		(10,941	)		55,572

Balance at December 31, 2019																		16,347	$	163	$	176,850		$	(116,948	)	$	(11,483	)	$	48,582
Net loss		—		—		—			(4,844	)		—			(4,844	)		—		—		—			(3,648	)		—			(3,648	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			—			(1,387	)		(1,387	)		—		—		—			—			(838	)		(838	)
Equity-based compensation		—		—		(5	)		—			—			(5	)		—		1		291			—			—			292
Exercise of employee stock options		4		—		27			—			—			27
Common stock issued from equity incentive plan		25		—		—			—			—			—			39		—		—			—			—			—
Balance at September 30, 2019		16,347	$	163	$	176,510		$	(114,982	)	$	(12,328	)	$	49,363
Balance at March 31, 2020																		16,386	$	164	$	177,141		$	(120,596	)	$	(12,321	)	$	44,388

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

The ExOne Company (“ExOne”) is a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware. ExOne was formed on January 1, 2013, when The Ex One Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, merged with and into a Delaware corporation, which survived and changed its name to The ExOne Company (the “Reorganization”). As a result of the Reorganization, The Ex One Company, LLC became ExOne, the common and preferred interest holders of The Ex One Company, LLC became holders of common stock and preferred stock, respectively, of ExOne, and the subsidiaries of The Ex One Company, LLC became the subsidiaries of ExOne. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ExOne, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, ExOne Americas LLC (United States); ExOne GmbH (Germany); ExOne Property GmbH (Germany); and ExOne KK (Japan)~~; and through December 2018, ExOne Italy S.r.l (Italy)~~. Collectively, the consolidated group is referred to as the “Company”.

The Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-223690) with the Securities and Exchange Commission ~~(“SEC”)~~ on March 15, 2018. The purpose of the Form S-3 was to register ~~among other securities,~~various equity and debt securities. Subsidiaries of the Company are co-registrants with the Company (“Subsidiary Guarantors”), and the registration statement registered guarantees of debt securities by one or more of the Subsidiary Guarantors. The Subsidiary Guarantors are 100% owned by the Company and any guarantees by the Subsidiary Guarantors will be full and unconditional. There have been no transactions undertaken subject to the Form S-3 since its initial filing.

The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company are unaudited. The condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary by management to fairly state the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year. The December 31, ~~2018~~2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from the audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in connection with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, which includes all disclosures required by GAAP.

The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make certain judgments, estimates and assumptions regarding uncertainties that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Areas that require significant judgments, estimates and assumptions include accounting for accounts receivable (including the allowance for doubtful accounts); inventories (including the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories); product warranty reserves; contingencies; income taxes (including the valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets and liabilities for uncertain tax positions); equity-based compensation (including the valuation of certain equity-based compensation awards issued by the Company); and testing for impairment of long-lived assets (including the identification of asset groups by management, estimates of future cash flows of identified asset groups and fair value estimates used in connection with assessing the valuation of identified asset groups). The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Certain amounts relating to ~~contract~~operating lease right-of-use assets ($432), current portion of operating lease liabilities ($158) and operating lease liabilities – net of current portion ($~~527)~~274) in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, have been reclassified from other noncurrent ~~liabilities to conform to~~assets, accrued expenses and other current ~~period presentation, following the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09 (further described below).~~

Certain amounts relating to the lessor current portion of net investment in sales-type leases ($302) and lessor net investment in sales-type leases – net of current portion ($1,351) in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018, have been reclassified from accounts receivableliabilities and other noncurrent ~~assets,~~liabilities, respectively, to conform to current period ~~presentation following~~presentation.

Certain amounts relating to foreign exchange (gains) losses on intercompany transactions – net, for 2019 ($11) in the ~~adoption of FASB ASU 2016-02 (further described below).~~

~~Related to the reclassifications further described above, amounts within the~~accompanying condensed statement of consolidated cash flows ~~for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 associated with these~~have been reclassified from effect of exchange rate changes ~~have also been reclassified~~on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, to conform to current period presentation.

~~On January 1, 2019,~~In March 2020, the ~~Company adopted FASB ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” This ASU created~~World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a ~~comprehensive framework for all entities in all industries to apply in the determination of when to recognize revenue~~global pandemic and ~~therefore,~~

~~supersedes virtually all existing revenue recognition requirements~~recommended containment and ~~guidance. This framework is expected to provide a consistent and comparable methodology for revenue recognition.~~mitigation measures worldwide. The ~~core principle~~impact of the ~~guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict~~COVID-19 global pandemic and related economic, business and market disruptions are evolving rapidly, and their effects are uncertain. Other than a temporary closure of the ~~transfer~~Company’s North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania facility effective for the period from March 23 through March 30, 2020, the Company’s operations were not materially affected by the COVID-19 outbreak as of ~~promised goods or services to customers~~and for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Beginning in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this principle, an entity should apply the following steps: identify the~~contract(s) with~~March 2020, restrictions imposed by various governmental authorities on international shipping and travel have caused a ~~customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract(s), determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price~~disruption to the performance obligations in the contract(s), and recognize revenue when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company adopted this guidance using the modified retrospective approach. Revenue fromtiming of shipment of the Company’s ~~sale of three-dimensional (“3D”)~~3D printing machines and ~~3D printed and other products, materials and services continues to generally be recognized when the related machines, products or materials are delivered or accepted by~~ the Company’s ~~customers or as~~ability to complete installations of 3D printing machines. The duration and severity of the ~~related services are performed by the Company. As such, the adoption of this guidance did not have a material~~outbreak and its long-term impact on the Company’s business are uncertain at this time.

The Company is unable to predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on its future financial position, or results of ~~operations. The Company has included the enhanced disclosures required by this guidance in its condensed consolidated financial statements (Note 5).~~

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted FASB ASU 2016-02, “Leases.” This ASU requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet for leases classified as operating leases. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability. Additionally, when measuring assets and liabilities arising from a lease, optional payments should be included only if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend the lease, exercise a purchase option, or not exercise an option to terminate the lease. A right-of-use asset represents an entity’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability represents an entity’s obligation to make lease payments. Previously, an asset and liability only were recorded for leases classified as capital leases (financing leases). The measurement, recognition, and presentation of expensesoperations and cash flows arising from leases by a lessee remains the same. In connection with the adoption of this guidance, the Company has completed an assessment resulting in an accumulation of all of its leasing arrangements and has validated the information for accuracy and completeness. Upon adoption of the new lease guidance, management recorded a right-of-use asset and lease liability, each in the amount of approximately $400, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet for various types of operating leases, including certain machinery and other equipment and vehicles. This amount is equivalent to the aggregate future minimum lease payments on a discounted basis. The Company has also elected to apply the package of transitional practical expedients of the new lease guidance by allowing the Company to not: (1) reassess if expired or existing contracts are, or contain, leases; (2) reassess lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (3) reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. Additionally, in July 2018, the FASB issued guidance to provide for an alternative transition method to the new lease guidance, whereby an entity can choose to not reflect the impact of the new lease guidance in the prior periods included in its consolidated financial statements. The Company has utilized this alternative transition method in connection with its adoption on January 1, 2019. The Company has included the enhanced disclosures required by this guidance in its condensed consolidated financial statements (Note 11).

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted FASB ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” This ASU is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and payments are presented and classified in the statement of consolidated cash flows. The standard provides guidance in a number of situations including, among others, settlement of zero-coupon bonds, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, and distributions received from equity method investees. The ASU also provides guidance for classifying cash receipts and payments that have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. The adoption of this ASU did not have an effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ~~ASUs~~Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) issued by the ~~FASB.~~Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”). Recently issued ASUs not listed below either were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are currently expected to have no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” This ASU added a new impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under ~~this ASU,~~the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. The CECL model applies to most debt instruments, trade receivables, lease receivables, financial guarantee contracts, and other loan commitments. The CECL model does not have a minimum threshold for recognition of impairment losses and entities will need to measure expected credit losses on assets that have a low risk of loss. ~~These~~As a smaller reporting company pursuant to Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, these changes become effective for the Company on January 1, ~~2020.~~2023. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of these changes on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The Company has incurred a net loss in each of its annual periods since its inception. As shown in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss, the Company incurred a net loss of ~~$4,844 and $13,129~~$3,648 for the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively.~~March 31, 2020. At ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Company had ~~$4,756~~$16,813 in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents.

In addition to its unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, the Company also has access to additional capital through its $10,000 related party revolving credit facility (Note 12). Also, on April 18, 2020, the Company received additional unrestricted cash proceeds of $2,194 in connection with a Paycheck Protection Program loan (Note 19).

Since its inception, the Company has received cumulative unrestricted net proceeds from the sale of its common stock (through its initial public offering and subsequent secondary offerings) of $168,361 to fund its operations. ~~In March 2018,~~The Company maintains additional access to capital through its active shelf registration statement (Note 1) which allows for the sale of various equity or debt instruments up to an aggregate amount of $125,000. Future sales of securities through the Company’s active shelf registration are dependent on market conditions which may restrict the timing and extent of any future offering of securities by the Company.

The Company ~~entered into a three-year, $15,000 revolving credit facility with a related party (Note 13)~~has previously exhibited its ability to ~~provide additional funding for working capital~~modify its operating structure and ~~general corporate purposes.~~ ~~At September 30, 2019, $13,000 remained available under the related party revolving credit facility.~~ ~~In June 2018, the Company initiated a~~support its liquidity position through various restructuring and other actions, including its 2018 global cost realignment ~~program focused on~~program. In response to adverse market conditions associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic, beginning in March 2020 and through April 2020, the Company initiated various cost savings actions including a ~~reduction~~mix of employee terminations, furloughs and pay rate reductions, as well as reductions in ~~the Company’s production overhead costs~~consulting and ~~operating~~other expenses, all in an effort to ~~drive efficiency in its operations~~conserve cash and ~~preserve capital.~~maintain adequate liquidity.

Management believes that the Company’s existing capital resources will be sufficient to support the Company’s operating plan. If management anticipates that the Company’s actual results will differ from its operating plan, management believes it has sufficient capabilities to enact cost savings measures to preserve capital (in addition to ~~the costs savings measures associated with the Company’s 2018 global cost realignment program~~those further described above). The Company may also seek to raise additional capital to support its growth through additional debt, equity or other alternatives (including asset sales) or a combination thereof.

The following table summarizes changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						March 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Balance at beginning of period	$	(10,941	)	$	(10,322	)	$	(10,748	)	$	(9,484	)	$	(11,483	)	$	(10,748	)
Other comprehensive loss		(1,387	)		(429	)		(1,580	)		(1,267	)		(838	)		(776	)
Balance at end of period	$	(12,328	)	$	(10,751	)	$	(12,328	)	$	(10,751	)	$	(12,321	)	$	(11,524	)

Foreign currency translation adjustments consist of the effect of translation of functional currency financial statements (denominated in the euro and Japanese yen) to the reporting currency of the Company (United States dollar) and certain long-term intercompany transactions between subsidiaries for which settlement is not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future.

There were no tax impacts related to income tax rate changes and no amounts were reclassified to earnings for either of the periods presented.

The Company presents basic and diluted loss per common share amounts. Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding during the applicable period.

As the Company incurred a net loss during each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and ~~nine months ended September 30,~~ 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ basic average common shares outstanding and diluted average common shares outstanding were the same because the effect of potential shares of common stock, including stock options ~~(828,059~~(838,383 – ~~2019~~2020 and ~~513,970~~594,539 – ~~2018)~~2019) and unvested restricted stock issued (66,513 – ~~2019~~2020 and ~~67,001~~69,501 – ~~2018)~~2019), was anti-dilutive.

The information used to compute basic and diluted net loss per common share was as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						March 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019
Net loss	$	(4,844	)	$	(323	)	$	(13,129	)	$	(14,745	)	$	(3,648	)	$	(4,496	)
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted)		16,332,974			16,182,818			16,296,554			16,157,143			16,369,390			16,253,104
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.30	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.81	)	$	(0.91	)	$	(0.22	)	$	(0.28	)
Diluted	$	(0.30	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.81	)	$	(0.91	)	$	(0.22	)	$	(0.28	)

The Company derives revenue from the sale of 3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products, materials and services. Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation(s) under a contract (either implicit or explicit) by transferring the promised product or service to a customer either when (or as) the customer obtains control of the product or service. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or providing services. As such, revenue is recorded net of returns, allowances, customer discounts, and incentives. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenue) basis. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales.

Certain of the Company’s contracts with customers provide for multiple performance obligations. Sales of 3D printing machines may also include optional equipment, materials, replacement components and services (installation, training and other services, including maintenance services and/or an extended warranty). Certain other contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, not distinct. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the Company’s best estimate of stand-alone selling price for each distinct product or service in the contract, which is generally based on an observable price.

The Company’s revenue from products is transferred to customers at a point in time. The Company’s contracts for 3D printing machines generally include substantive customer acceptance provisions. Revenue under these contracts is recognized when customer acceptance provisions have been satisfied. For all other product sales, the Company recognizes revenue at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the product, which is generally when product title passes to the customer upon delivery. In limited cases, title does not transfer and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the products at its physical location.

The Company’s revenue from service arrangements includes deferred maintenance contracts and extended warranties that can be purchased at the customer’s option. The Company generally provides a standard one-year warranty on the Company’s 3D printing machines, which is considered an assurance type warranty, and not considered a separate performance obligation (Note ~~10)~~9). Revenue associated with deferred maintenance contracts is generally recognized at a point in time when the related services are performed where sufficient historical evidence indicates that the costs of performing the related services under the contract are not incurred on a straight-line basis, with such revenue recognized in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred. Revenue associated with extended warranties is generally recognized over time on a straight-line basis over the related contract period.

The Company’s revenue from service arrangements includes contracts with the ~~federal~~Federal government under fixed-fee, cost reimbursable and time and materials arrangements (certain of which may have periods of performance greater than one year). Revenue under these contracts is generally recognized over time using an input measure based upon labor hours incurred and provisional rates provided under the contracts. As such, the nature of these contracts may give rise to variable consideration, primarily based upon completion of the Company’s annual Incurred Cost Submission filing as required by the ~~federal~~Federal government. Historically, amounts associated with variable consideration have not been significant.

The Company’s revenue from service arrangements includes certain research and development services. Revenue under research and development service contracts is generally recognized over time using an output measure, specifically units or parts delivered, based upon certain customer acceptance and delivery requirements. Revenue recognized over time using an output measure is not significant.

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenue by product group for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				March 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2020		2019
3D printing machines	$	3,972	$	9,700	$	16,532	$	17,434	$	6,317	$	3,329
3D printed and other products, materials and services		6,912		6,889		19,210		21,905		7,066		6,250
	$	10,884	$	16,589	$	35,742	$	39,339	$	13,383	$	9,579

Revenue from 3D printing machines includes leasing revenue whereby the Company is the lessor of 3D printing machines to its customers. Leasing revenue is accounted for under ASU 2016-02 (Note ~~11)~~10).

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed receivables, unbilled receivables (contract assets) and deferred revenue and customer prepayments (contract liabilities) in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company considers a number of factors in its evaluation of the creditworthiness of its customers, including past due amounts, past

payment history, and current economic conditions. For 3D printing machines, the Company’s terms of sale vary by transaction. To reduce credit risk in connection with 3D printing machine sales, the Company may, depending upon the circumstances, require customers to furnish letters of credit or bank guarantees or to provide advanced payment (either partial or in full). For 3D printed and other products and materials, the Company’s terms of sale generally require payment within 30 to 60 days after delivery, although the Company also recognizes that longer payment periods are customary in certain countries where it transacts business. Service arrangements are generally billed in accordance with specific contract terms and are typically billed in advance or in proportion to performance of the related services.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $3,902 related to contract liabilities at January 1, 2020. There were no other significant changes in contract liabilities during the three months ~~or nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. Contract assets are not significant.

~~For~~ As of March 31, 2020, the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2019, the~~ Company ~~recognized revenue of $1,714 related to contract liabilities at January 1, 2019.~~

~~At September 30, 2019, the Company had~~has approximately ~~$25,800~~$33,800 of remaining performance obligations (including contract liabilities), which is also referred to as backlog, of which approximately ~~$21,700 was~~$29,800 is expected to be fulfilled during the next twelve months ~~following such date.~~notwithstanding uncertainty related to the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic (Note 1) including, but not limited to, international shipping and travel restrictions brought about by the global pandemic which could have an adverse effect on the timing of delivery of products and/or services to customers.

The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient associated with incremental costs of obtaining a contract, and as such, sales commission expense is generally expensed when incurred because the amortization period would be one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses.

Accounts receivable and net investment in sales-type leases (Note ~~11)~~10) are reported at their net realizable value. The Company carries its investment in sales-type leases based on discounting the minimum lease payments by the interest rate implicit in the lease and less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts related to accounts receivable and net investment in sales-type leases is based on the Company’s evaluation of customer accounts with past-due outstanding balances or specific accounts for which it has information that the customer may be unable to meet its financial obligations. Based upon review of these accounts, and management’s analysis and judgment, the Company records a specific allowance for that customer’s accounts receivable or net investment in sales-type lease balance to reduce the outstanding balance to the amount expected to be collected. The allowance is re-evaluated and adjusted periodically as additional information is received that impacts the allowance amount reserved. At ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the allowance for doubtful accounts was ~~$481~~ $548and ~~$225,~~$508, respectively. During the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ the Company recorded a net provision (recoveries) for bad debts of ~~$414~~$51 and ($3)73), respectively. ~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded net provision (recoveries) for bad debts of $264 and ($40), respectively.~~

In August 2018, the Company committed to a plan to consolidate certain of its 3D printing operations from its Houston, Texas facility into its Troy, Michigan facility. These actions were taken as part of the Company’s efforts to optimize its business model and maximize its facility utilization. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a charge of $28 split between cost of sales ($15) and selling, general and administrative expense ($13) associated with involuntary employee terminations related to this plan. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded an additional charge of $1 (to cost of sales) associated with asset impairments related to this plan. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. The Company settled all amounts associated with involuntary employee terminations during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

In September 2019, the Company reached agreement with a third party for the sale of certain property and equipment ($822 included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet for each of the periods presented) associated with the former Houston, Texas facility. The Company expects to receive net proceeds from the sale of the property and equipment of approximately $1,000 during the three months ended December 31, 2019 and to record a corresponding gain on the sale of approximately $200 from the disposal.

In December 2017, the Company committed to a plan to consolidate certain of its 3D printing operations from its Desenzano del Garda, Italy facility into its Gersthofen, Germany facility. These actions were taken as part of the Company’s efforts to optimize its business model and maximize its facility utilization. During the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a charge of $72 split between cost of sales ($19) and selling, general and administrative expense ($53) associated with involuntary employee terminations related to this plan. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded an additional charge of $245 associated with other exit costs ($17) and asset impairments ($228) related to this plan. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded an additional charge of $13 associated with asset impairments related to this plan. In addition, during the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded a gain from disposal of certain property and equipment of $51 (recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss). Charges associated with other exit costs recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were recorded to cost of sales in the

accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. Charges associated with asset impairments recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 were recorded to cost of sales as a component of depreciation expense in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. Other exit costs relate to the remaining facility rent due under a non-cancellable operating lease following the cessation of operations at the facility in January 2018. Asset impairment charges relate to certain leasehold improvements associated with the exited facility and other equipment which was abandoned by the Company. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. The Company settled all amounts associated with involuntary employee terminations and other exit costs (remaining facility rent payments) during 2018.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, as a result of continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies, the Company identified a triggering event requiring a test for the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used at the asset group level. Assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used requires significant judgments and estimates by management.

For purposes of testing long-lived assets for recoverability, the Company operates as three separate asset groups: United States, Europe and Japan. In assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used, the Company determined the carrying amount of long-lived assets held and used to be in excess of the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows of the related assets. The Company proceeded to determine the fair value of its long-lived assets held and used, principally through use of the market approach. The Company’s use of the market approach included consideration of market transactions for comparable assets. Management concluded that the fair value of long-lived assets held and used exceeded their carrying value, and as such, no impairment loss was recorded.

A significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset, adverse change in the use or condition of a long-lived asset, adverse change in the business climate or legal or regulatory factors impacting a long-lived asset and continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies associated with a long-lived asset, among other indicators, could cause a future assessment to be performed which may result in an impairment of long-lived assets held and used, resulting in a material adverse effect on the financial position and results of operations of the Company.

The following provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet to the same such amounts shown in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated cash flows as of the dates indicated:

	September 30,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018		2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,756	$	7,592	$	16,813	$	5,265
Restricted cash		1,364		1,548		508		978
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	6,120	$	9,140	$	17,321	$	6,243

Restricted cash at ~~September 30, 2019~~both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018 includes $857 and $1,044, respectively, associated with cash collateral required by a German bank for short-term financial guarantees issued by ExOne GmbH in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring security (Note 12). Restricted cash at September 30, 2019 ~~and December 31, 2018 includes $507 and $504, respectively,~~included $508 associated with cash collateral required by a United States bank to offset certain short-term, unsecured lending commitments associated with the Company’s corporate credit card program.

Restricted cash at December 31, 2019 included $470 associated with cash collateral required by a German bank for short-term financial guarantees issued by ExOne GmbH in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring security. Refer to Note 11 for further discussion related to an amendment to this cash collateral requirement effective in February 2020.

Each of the balances described above are considered legally restricted by the Company.

	September 30,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018		2020		2019
Raw materials and components	$	8,734	$	7,747	$	9,374	$	8,841
Work in process		6,099		5,147		5,284		4,922
Finished goods		3,777		3,036		6,995		6,007
	$	18,610	$	15,930	$	21,653	$	19,770

Raw materials and components consist of consumable materials and component parts and subassemblies associated with 3D printing machine manufacturing and support activities. Work in process consists of 3D printing machines and other products in varying stages

of completion. Finished goods consist of 3D printing machines and other products prepared for sale in accordance with customer specifications.

At ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories was ~~$3,684~~$3,370 and ~~$4,143,~~$3,443, respectively, and has been reflected as a reduction to inventories (principally raw materials and components). The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories for the periods indicated:

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, depreciation expense was $923 and $1,165, respectively.

On February 18, 2020, the Company completed a sale-leaseback transaction associated with its European headquarters and operating facility in Gersthofen, Germany (Note 10). As a result of the completion of this transaction, the Company derecognized $17,282 in net property and equipment during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Sale of the facility resulted in a gain of $1,462 during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

During the three months ended ~~June 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2020, as a result of continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies, the Company ~~recorded~~identified a ~~charge~~triggering event requiring a test for the recoverability of ~~$561~~long-lived assets held and used at the asset group level. Assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used requires significant judgments and estimates by management.

For purposes of testing long-lived assets for recoverability, the Company operates as three separate asset groups: United States, Europe and Japan. In assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used, the Company determined the carrying amount of long-lived assets held and used to ~~cost~~be in excess of ~~sales~~the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows of the related assets. The Company proceeded to determine the fair value of its long-lived assets held and used, principally through use of the market approach. The Company’s use of the market approach included consideration of market transactions for comparable assets. Management concluded that the fair value of long-lived assets held and used exceeded their carrying value, and as such, no impairment loss was recorded.

A significant decrease in the ~~accompanying condensed statement~~market price of ~~consolidated~~a long-lived asset, adverse change in the use or condition of a long-lived asset, adverse change in the business climate or legal or regulatory factors impacting a long-lived asset and continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies associated with a long-lived asset, among other indicators, could cause a future assessment to be performed which may result in an impairment of long-lived assets held and used, which could result in a material adverse effect on the financial position and results of operations ~~and comprehensive loss attributable to certain industrial microwave inventories based on a sustained absence~~ of ~~demand for such curing solutions and a decision by~~ the ~~Company to discontinue future manufacturing of such industrial microwaves.~~Company.

Substantially all of the Company’s 3D printing machines are covered by a standard ~~twelve-month~~one-year warranty. Generally, at the time of sale, a liability is recorded (with an offset to cost of sales) based upon the expected cost of replacement parts and labor to be incurred over the life of the standard warranty. Expected cost is estimated using historical experience for similar products. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of the product warranty reserves based on changes in these factors and records any necessary adjustments if actual experience indicates that adjustments are necessary. Future claims experience could be materially different from prior results because of the introduction of new, more complex products, a change in the Company’s warranty policy in response to industry trends, competition or other external forces, or manufacturing changes that could impact product quality. In the event that the Company determines that its current or future product repair and replacement costs exceed estimates, an adjustment to these reserves would be charged to cost of sales in the period such a determination is made.

The following table summarizes changes in product warranty reserves, which amounts were reflected in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						March 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020			2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,223		$	909		$	1,670		$	1,300		$	866		$	1,670
Provisions for new issuances		182			445			711			831			276			146
Payments		(409	)		(236	)		(1,257	)		(564	)		(344	)		(391	)
Reserve adjustments		(65	)		(103	)		(188	)		(542	)		20			(159	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(20	)		(11	)		(25	)		(21	)		(8	)		(15	)
Balance at end of period	$	911		$	1,004		$	911		$	1,004		$	810		$	1,251

The Company leases facilities, machinery and other equipment and vehicles under operating lease arrangements (with initial terms greater than twelve months), expiring in various years through 2026. In addition, the Company leases certain equipment and vehicles under finance ~~(previously capital)~~ lease arrangements, which are not significant.

For all operating lease arrangements (with the exception of short-term lease arrangements), the Company presents at the commencement date: a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.

The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, not to separate non-lease components from lease components, and instead account for each separate component as a single lease component for all lease arrangements, as lessee. In addition, the Company has elected, as a practical expedient, not to apply lease recognition requirements to short-term lease arrangements, generally those with a lease term of less than twelve months, for all classes of underlying assets. In determination of the lease term, the Company considers the likelihood of lease renewal options and lease termination provisions. As a result, lease payments under these short-term lease arrangements are recognized in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments, as the implicit rate of the lease arrangements is generally not readily determinable.

Through July 2019, certain of the Company’s operating lease arrangements were with related parties under common control (Note ~~18)~~17). Lease cost under operating lease agreements with related parties, included within short-term lease cost below, was ~~$4 and $28~~$12 for the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2019.

Future minimum lease payments of operating lease arrangements (with initial terms greater than twelve months) at ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, were as ~~follows:~~follows:

2019	$	39
2020		107		$	1,419
2021		71			1,861
2022		58			1,827
2023		9			23
2024					11
Thereafter		3			2
Total minimum lease payments		287			5,143
Less: Present value discount		(26	)		(354	)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	261		$	4,789

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and ~~nine months ended September 30,~~ 2019, ~~lease~~lease cost under operating lease arrangements was ~~$94 (including $44~~$504 and $113, including $31 and $65 relating to short-term lease ~~arrangements) and $305 (including $156 relating to short-term lease arrangements),~~arrangements, respectively.

Supplemental information related to operating lease arrangements ~~(with initial terms greater than twelve months)~~ was as follows atas of and for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019:~~March 31, 2020:

Operating lease right-of-use assets included in other noncurrent assets	$	261
Operating lease liabilities included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	108
Operating lease liabilities included in other noncurrent liabilities	$	153
Operating lease right-of-use assets				$	4,789
Current portion of operating lease liabilities				$	1,684
Operating lease liabilities ̶ net of current portion				$	3,105
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	10		$	4,785
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	147		$	473
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		2.9			2.8
Weighted average discount rate		6.6	%		5.1	%

~~As previously disclosed under~~On December 10, 2019, ExOne Property GmbH and ExOne GmbH, the German subsidiaries of the Company (the “German Subsidiaries”), entered into a purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Solidas Immobilien und Grundbesitz GmbH, a private, unaffiliated German real estate investor (the “Buyer”), for the sale of the Company’s European headquarters and operating facility in Gersthofen, Germany (the “Facility”) for a purchase price of approximately $18,500 (€17,000), of which approximately $2,200 (€2,000) was received prior to December 31, 2019. Concurrent with the execution of the Purchase Agreement, ExOne GmbH and the Buyer entered into a rental contract (the “Lease”) for the leaseback of the Facility for an initial aggregate annual rent totaling approximately $1,700 (€1,500), plus applicable taxes, which is fixed during the initial three-year term and is subject to adjustment on an annual basis (in accordance with the consumer price index for Germany) during the two five-year option extension periods. The sale-leaseback transaction closed on February 18, 2020. In connection with the completion of the sale-leaseback transaction, the Company recorded an operating lease ~~accounting standard,~~right-of-use asset and corresponding operating lease liability of $4,605, which was representative of the present value of future minimum lease payments over the initial three-year term, as there were no penalties or other factors associated with the lease that result in reasonable assurance of ~~operating lease arrangements (with initial terms greater than twelve months)~~its extension at ~~December 31, 2018, were as follows:~~inception.

The Company leases machinery and equipment to customers (principally 3D printing machines and related equipment) under lease arrangements classified as either operating leases or sales-type leases. The Company’s operating lease arrangements have initial terms generally ranging from one to five years, certain of which may contain extension or termination clauses, or both. Such operating lease arrangements also generally include a purchase option to acquire the related machinery and equipment at the end of the lease term for either a fixed amount as determined at inception, or a subsequently negotiated fair market value. At ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Company estimated that the total fair market value significantly exceeded the related net book value of the machinery and equipment held under the Company’s operating lease arrangements. The Company’s sales-type lease arrangements generally include transfer of ownership at the end of the lease term, and as such, the Company’s net investment in sale-type lease arrangements presented in the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet generally does not include an amount of unguaranteed residual value.

~~The~~For certain of its arrangements, the Company ~~has elected, as a practical expedient, not to separate~~separates and allocates (Note 5) certain non-lease components (principally maintenance services) from lease ~~components, and instead account for each separate component as a single lease component for all lease arrangements, as lessor.~~components. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from lease income) basis. In determination of the lease term, the Company considers the likelihood of lease renewal options and lease termination provisions. Additionally, certain of the Company’s lease arrangements do not qualify as sale-type leases, as collectability is not reasonably assured.

The Company recognized the following components under operating and sales-type lease arrangements in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended								Three Months Ended
	September 30,								September 30,								March 31,
	2019				2018				2019				2018				2020				2019
	Operating		Sales-type		Operating		Sales-type		Operating		Sales-type		Operating		Sales-type		Operating		Sales-type		Operating		Sales-type
Revenue	$	261	$	—	$	336	$	—	$	1,287	$	—	$	788	$	—	$	208	$	—	$	320	$	—
Interest income^(a)	$	—	$	21	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	76	$	—	$	38	$	—	$	18	$	—	$	28

The Company’s net investment in sales-type leases consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

	September 30,			December 31,			March 31,			December 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Future minimum lease payments receivable	$	1,650		$	1,969		$	1,624		$	1,595
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts		(412	)		—			(415	)		(424	)
Net future minimum lease payments receivable		1,238			1,969			1,209			1,171
Less: Unearned interest income		(236	)		(316	)		(208	)		(220	)
Net investment in sales-type leases	$	1,002		$	1,653		$	1,001		$	951

During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a provision for bad debt of $416 based on a deterioration in credit quality of a lessee. There were no such provisions recorded during the three months or nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Future minimum lease payments of non-cancellable operating and sales-type lease arrangements at ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020 were as follows:

~~As previously disclosed under the prior lease accounting standard, minimum future rentals under non-cancellable operating and sales-type lease arrangements at December 31, 2018, were as follows:~~

	Operating		Sales-type		Operating		Sales-type
2019	$	687	$	409
2020		148		382	$	432	$	411
2021		48		382		48		427
2022		—		382		—		378
2023		—		414		—		408
2024						—		—
Thereafter		—		—		—		—
	$	883	$	1,969
Total minimum lease payments					$	480	$	1,624
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts								(415	)
Less: Present value discount								(208	)
Future minimum lease payments receivable							$	1,001

On March 1, 2018, the Company’s ExOne GmbH subsidiary notified Voxeljet AG that it had materially breached a 2003 Patent and Know-How Transfer Agreement and asserted its rights to set-off damages as a result of the breaches against the annual license fee due from the Company under the agreement. At this time, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a contingency, if any, related to this matter.

The Company ~~and its subsidiaries are~~is subject to various litigation, claims, and proceedings which have been or may be instituted or asserted from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that the outcome of any pending or threatened matters will have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

In the normal course of its operations, ExOne GmbH issues short-term financial guarantees and letters of credit to third parties in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring ~~security. ExOne GmbH maintains~~security through a credit facility with a German ~~bank which provides for various short-term financings in~~bank.

On February 24, 2020, ExOne GmbH entered into an amendment and replacement of its credit facility with a German bank. The credit facility amendments included the ~~form~~elimination of the overdraft credit and short-term loan features of the prior agreement and replaced them with an increased capacity amount of approximately $3,800 (€3,500) for the issuance of financial guarantees and letters of credit ~~and collateral security~~ for commercial transactions requiring security. The cash collateral requirement for ~~an aggregate~~the issuance of ~~approximately $1,400 (€1,300). In addition, ExOne GmbH may use the~~financial guarantees and letters of credit ~~facility~~ for ~~short-term, fixed-rate loans in minimum increments of approximately $100 (€100) with minimum terms of at least~~ 30 ~~days. The overdraft credit interest rate is fixed at 10.2% while the interest rate associated with~~ commercial transactions requiring security ~~(financial~~was eliminated for amounts up to approximately $1,100 (€1,000) as the amendment provided the German bank with a collateral interest in the accounts receivable of ExOne GmbH. Amounts in excess of approximately $1,100 (€1,000) continue to require cash collateral under the amended credit facility.

At March 31, 2020, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit ~~or collateral security) is fixed at 1.75%. The~~issued by ExOne GmbH under the amended credit facility ~~has an indefinite term and is subject to cancellation by either party at any time upon repayment of amounts outstanding or~~were $863 (€785), with expiration of commercial transactions requiring security. There is no commitment fee associated with the credit facility. There are no negative covenants associated with the credit facility. The credit facility has been guaranteed by the Company.dates ranging from October 2020 through February 2023. At ~~September 30, 2019 and~~ December 31, ~~2018, there were no outstanding borrowings in the form of overdraft credit or short-term loans under the credit facility. At September 30,~~ 2019, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by ExOne GmbH under the former credit facility were ~~$857~~$560 (€~~785) with expiration dates ranging from~~ ~~October 2019~~ ~~through March 2020. At December 31, 2018, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by ExOne GmbH under the credit facility were $1,044 (€912)~~499).

In addition to amounts issued by ExOne GmbH under the credit facility, from time to time, ExOne GmbH enters into separate agreements with the same German bank for additional capacity for financial guarantees and letters of credit associated with certain commercial transactions requiring security. Terms of the separate agreements are substantially similar to those of the existing credit facility. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, ExOne GmbH had a singular financial guarantee outstanding under a separate agreement for $87 (€80) and $96 (€80), respectively, with an expiration date of February 2023. Related to this separate agreement, the requirement for cash collateral was waived by the German bank as it also represents the counterparty in the related transaction.

On March 12, 2018, ~~ExOne~~the Company and its ExOne Americas LLC and ExOne GmbH subsidiaries, as guarantors (collectively, the “Loan Parties”), entered into a Credit Agreement and related ancillary agreements with LBM Holdings, LLC (“LBM”), a company controlled by S. Kent Rockwell, who was the Executive Chairman of the Company (a related party) at such date and is currently Chairman of the ~~Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the~~ Company, relating to a $15,000 revolving credit facility (the ~~“LBM Credit~~“Credit Agreement”) to provide additional funding to the Company for working capital and general corporate purposes. The ~~LBM~~ Credit Agreement ~~provides~~provided a credit facility for a term of three years (through March 12, 2021) ~~and bears~~, bearing interest at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 500 basis points ~~(7.0% and 7.5%~~(6.8% at ~~September 30,~~December 31, 2019 and ~~December~~6.0% at March 31, ~~2018, respectively)~~2020). The ~~LBM~~ Credit Agreement ~~requires~~required a commitment fee of 75 basis points, or 0.75%, on the unused portion of the facility, payable monthly in arrears. In addition, an up-front commitment fee of 125 basis points, or 1.25% ($188), was required at closing. Borrowings under the ~~LBM~~ Credit Agreement were collateralized by the accounts receivable, inventories and machinery and equipment of the Loan Parties.

On February 18, 2020, the Loan Parties and LBM entered into a First Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) which (i) reduced the available capacity under the revolving credit facility to $10,000, (ii) extended the term of the credit facility until March 31, 2024, (iii) increased the commitment fee to 100 basis points, or 1.00%, on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility, and (iv) provided a process for the replacement of the LIBOR index after 2021. In addition, the accounts receivable of ExOne GmbH no longer serve as collateral for borrowings under the amended revolving credit facility.

Borrowings under the credit facility are required to be made in minimum increments of $1,000. ~~ExOne~~The Company may terminate or reduce the credit commitment at any time during the term of the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement without penalty. ~~ExOne~~The Company may also make prepayments against outstanding borrowings under the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement at any time without penalty. ~~Borrowings under the LBM Credit Agreement have been collateralized by the accounts receivable, inventories and machinery and equipment of the Loan Parties.~~ At ~~September 30,~~December 31, 2019 and ~~December~~March 31, ~~2018,~~2020, the total estimated value of collateral was in significant excess of the maximum borrowing capacity under the ~~LBM Credit Agreement.~~credit facility.

The ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement contains several affirmative covenants including prompt payment of liabilities and taxes; maintenance of insurance, properties, and licenses; and compliance with laws. The ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement also contains several negative covenants including restricting the incurrence of certain additional debt; prohibiting future liens (other than permitted liens); prohibiting investment in third parties; limiting the ability to pay dividends; limiting mergers, acquisitions, and dispositions; and limiting the sale of certain property and equipment of the Loan Parties. The ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement does not contain any financial

covenants. The ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement also contains events of default, including, but not limited to, cross-default to certain other debt, breaches of representations and warranties, change of control events and breaches of covenants.

The Company does not consider the Credit Agreement, as amended, indicative of a fair market value lending, as LBM was determined to be a related party based on common control by S. Kent Rockwell. ~~Accordingly,~~S. Kent Rockwell is the ~~Company does not consider the LBM Credit Agreement indicative~~indirect sole owner of ~~a fair market value lending.~~LBM. Prior to execution, each of the ~~LBM~~ Credit Agreement and the Amendment was reviewed and approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Board”), in accordance with The ExOne Company Policy and Procedures with Respect to Related Person Transactions, and subsequently by a sub-committee of independent members of the Board. At the time of execution of the ~~LBM~~ Credit Agreement, the ~~$15,000 in~~ available loan proceeds ~~was~~were deposited into an escrow account with an unrelated, third party financial institution acting as escrow agent pursuant to a separate Escrow Agreement by and among the parties. Loan proceeds held in escrow are available to the Company upon its submission to the escrow agent of a loan request. Such proceeds will not be available to LBM until payment in-full of the obligations under the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement and termination of the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement. Payments of principal and other obligations will be made to the escrow agent, while interest payments will be made directly to LBM. Provided there exists no potential default or event of default, the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement and Escrow Agreement prohibit any acceleration of repayment of any amount outstanding under the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement and prohibit termination of the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement or withdrawal from escrow of any unused portion of the available loan ~~proceeds~~proceeds.

~~During~~during the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019, the Company borrowed $2,000 under the LBM Credit Agreement which remained outstanding at September 30,~~March 31, 2020 or 2019.~~There were no borrowings by the Company under the LBM Credit Agreement during any period prior to the three months ended September 30, 2019 from its inception (March 12, 2018).~~

The Company incurred $265 in debt issuance costs associated with the ~~LBM Credit Agreement~~inception of the credit facility (including the aforementioned ~~up front~~up-front commitment fee paid at closing to LBM). and $41 in debt issuance costs associated with the Amendment.

During the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the Company recorded interest expense relating to the ~~LBM Credit Agreement~~credit facility of ~~$65 and $165, respectively.~~$45. Included in interest expense for the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~$22 and $66, respectively,~~$18 associated with amortization of debt issuance ~~costs. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018,~~costs (resulting in $130 in remaining debt issuance costs ~~were $129 and $195, respectively (of~~at March 31, 2020, of which ~~$88~~$33 was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets ~~for both periods~~ and ~~$41 and $107, respectively,~~$97 was included in other noncurrent assets in the accompanying ~~condensed~~ consolidated balance sheet). ~~Also included~~Included in interest expense for the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~$43 and $99, respectively,~~$27 associated with ~~interest on borrowings and~~ the commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving credit ~~facility. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $20 and $10, respectively,~~facility all of which was included in accounts payable in the accompanying ~~condensed~~ consolidated balance ~~sheet. Amounts payable~~sheet at March 31, 2020. In connection with the Company’s efforts to conserve cash as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic, LBM ~~at September 30, 2019 and December 2018 were settled~~agreed to defer cash payments of its commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility to a future date (to be determined upon mutual agreement by the parties). There are no incremental interest or other fees to be incurred by the Company ~~in October 2019 and January 2019, respectively.~~as a result of this deferral.

During the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, the Company recorded interest expense ~~relating~~related to the ~~LBM Credit Agreement~~credit facility of ~~$51 and $110, respectively.~~$50.

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $226 and ~~2018 was $15 and $17, respectively. The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was~~ ($~~686) and $52,~~800), respectively. The Company has completed a discrete period computation of its provision (benefit) for income taxes for each of the periods presented. The discrete period computation was required as a result of jurisdictions with losses before income taxes for which no tax benefit can be recognized and an inability to generate reliable estimates for results in certain jurisdictions as a result of inconsistencies in generating net operating profits (losses) in those jurisdictions.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019 ~~and 2018~~ was ~~0.3%~~6.6% (provision on a loss) and ~~5.6% (provision on a loss), respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 5.0%~~15.1% (benefit ~~on a loss) and 0.4% (provision~~ on a loss), respectively. For the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019 and 2018,~~March 31, 2020, the effective tax rate ~~differs~~differed from the United States federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the ~~periods.~~period. For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2019, the effective tax rate ~~differs~~differed from the United States federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the reversal of previously recorded liabilities for uncertain tax positions (further described below) and net changes in valuation allowances for the period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the effective tax rate differs from the United States federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the periods.

The Company has provided a valuation allowance for certain of its net deferred tax assets as a result of the Company not generating consistent net operating profits in certain jurisdictions in which it operates. As such, ~~any benefit~~certain benefits from deferred taxes in ~~any of~~ the periods presented ~~has~~have been fully offset by changes in the valuation allowance for the related net deferred tax assets. The Company continues to assess its future taxable income by jurisdiction based on recent historical operating results, the expected timing of reversal of temporary differences, various tax planning strategies that the Company may be able to enact in future periods, the impact of potential operating changes on the business and forecast results from operations in future periods based on available information at the end of each reporting period. To the extent that the Company is able to reach the conclusion that ~~its~~ net deferred tax assets are realizable based on any combination of

the above factors in a single, or in multiple, taxing jurisdictions, a reversal of the related portion of the Company’s existing valuation allowances may occur.

~~The Company has a liability for uncertain tax positions related to certain intercompany transactions.~~

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (including accrued interest and penalties) was as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,						March 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2020		2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	105		$	1,871		$	1,186		$	1,775		$	—	$	1,186
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		—			—			—			—			—		—
Additions for tax positions of prior years		2			38			4			156			—		1
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		—			(487	)		(1,075	)		(487	)		—		(1,075	)
Settlements		—			—			—			—			—		—
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(5	)		(16	)		(13	)		(38	)		—		(10	)
Balance at end of period	$	102		$	1,406		$	102		$	1,406		$	—	$	102

The Company includes interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of the provision (benefit) for income taxes in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. There were no such interest or penalties included in the provision (benefit) for income taxes for ~~any of~~ the ~~periods presented.~~

~~At December~~three months ended March 31, 2018, there was $820 in unrecognized tax benefits (including accrued interest and penalties) that if recognized would affect the annual effective tax rate. Such amounts were included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018. There were no such unrecognized tax benefits at September 30,2020 or 2019.

At December 31, 2018, the Company’s ExOne GmbH (2010-2013) and ExOne Property GmbH (2013) subsidiaries were under examination by local taxing authorities in Germany. In January 2019, this examination was concluded by the local taxing authorities in Germany without significant adjustment to previously established tax positions. As a result, during the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a reversal of certain of its previously recorded liabilities for uncertain tax positions of $1,075, of which $257 was offset against net operating loss carryforwards.

On January 24, 2013, the Board adopted the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). In connection with the adoption of the Plan, 500,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to the Plan, with automatic increases in such reserve available each year annually on January 1 from 2014 through 2023 equal to the lesser of 3.0% of the total outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31 of the immediately preceding year or, a number of shares of common stock determined by the Board, provided that the maximum number of shares authorized under the Plan could not exceed 1,992,241 shares, subject to certain adjustments. The maximum number of shares authorized under the Plan was reached on January 1, 2017. At ~~September 30, 2019, 654,134~~March 31, 2020, 602,283 shares remained available for future issuance under the ~~Plan.~~Plan.

Stock options and restricted stock issued by the Company under the Plan are generally subject to service conditions resulting in annual vesting on the anniversary of the date of grant over a period typically ranging between one and three years. Certain stock options and restricted stock issued by the Company under the Plan vest immediately upon issuance. Stock options issued by the Company under the Plan have contractual lives which expire over a period typically ranging between five and ten years from the date of grant, subject to continued service to the Company by the ~~participant.~~participant.

On February 7, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board adopted the 2018 Annual Incentive Program (the “2018 Program”) as a subplan under the Plan. The 2018 Program provided an opportunity for performance-based compensation to senior executive officers of the Company, among others. The target annual incentive for each 2018 Program participant was expressed as a percentage of base salary and was conditioned on the achievement of certain financial goals (as approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board) or a combination of financial and non-financial goals. The Compensation Committee of the Board retained negative discretion over amounts payable under the 2018 Program.16

On February 6, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board adopted the 2019 Annual Incentive Program (the “2019 Program”) as a subplan under the Plan. The 2019 Program provided an opportunity for performance-based compensation to senior executive officers of the Company, among others. The target annual incentive for each 2019 Program participant was expressed as a percentage of base salary and was conditioned on the achievement of certain financial goals (as approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board) ~~or a combination of financial and non-financial goals.~~. The Compensation Committee of the Board retained negative discretion over amounts payable under the 2019 Program. During the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2019, the Company recorded ~~a net~~

~~reversal of $376 to~~$142 in equity-based compensation expense based on ~~a change in~~ the estimated outcome of the defined financial goals for 2019 under the 2019 Program.

On February 5, 2020, the Compensation Committee of the Board adopted the 2020 Annual Incentive Program (the “2020 Program”) as a subplan under the Plan. The 2020 Program provided an opportunity for performance-based compensation to senior executive officers of the Company, among others. The target annual incentive for each 2020 Program participant was expressed as a percentage of base salary and was conditioned on the achievement of certain financial goals (as approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board). The Compensation Committee of the Board retained negative discretion over amounts payable under the 2020 Program. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded no equity-based compensation expense based on the estimated outcome of the defined financial goals for 2020 under the 2020 Program.

The following table summarizes the total equity-based compensation expense recognized by the Company for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,				March 31,
	2019			2018		2019		2018		2020		2019
Equity-based compensation expense recognized:
Stock options	$	195		$	103	$	511	$	131	$	145	$	166
Restricted stock		171			108		545		314		141		129
Other^(a)		(371	)		71		20		211		6		144
Total equity-based compensation expense before income taxes		(5	)		282		1,076		656		292		439
Benefit for income taxes^(b)		—			—		—		—		—		—
Total equity-based compensation expense net of income taxes	$	(5	)	$	282	$	1,076	$	656	$	292	$	439

At ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, total future compensation expense related to unvested awards yet to be recognized by the Company was ~~$992~~$710 for stock options and ~~$293~~$269 for restricted stock. Total future compensation expense related to unvested awards yet to be recognized by the Company is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of ~~1.5~~1.3 years.

The fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019, was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following ~~assumptions for the periods indicated:~~assumptions:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019	2018
Weighted average fair value per stock option	$2.77 - $3.68	$3.01 - $3.77	$	3.48
Volatility	54.0% - 60.1%	62.6% - 63.7%		54.0	%
Average risk-free interest rate	1.5% - 2.5%	2.5% - 2.7%		2.5	%
Dividend yield	0.0%	0.0%		0.0	%
Expected term (years)	2.5 - 3.5	3.1 - 3.3	2.5

For certain stock option awards, ~~in which~~volatility is estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company when the expected term of the award is less than the period for which the Company has been publicly ~~traded,~~traded. For certain stock option awards, volatility is estimated based on the historical ~~volatility~~volatilities of ~~the Company. For~~ certain ~~stock option awards in which~~peer group companies when the expected term of the award exceeds the period for which the Company has been publicly ~~traded, volatility is estimated based on the historical volatilities of certain peer group companies.~~traded. The average risk-free rate is based on a weighted average yield curve of risk-free interest rates consistent with the expected term of the awards. Expected dividend yield is based on historical dividend data as well as future expectations. Expected term is calculated using the simplified method as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise experience upon which to base an estimate.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,														Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019							2018							2020							2019
	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period		621,986		$	10.66	$	5.52		674,470		$	11.58	$	6.41		854,259		$	9.34	$	4.49		621,986		$	10.66	$	5.52
Stock options granted		290,610		$	7.35	$	2.95		147,500		$	7.01	$	3.13		—		$	—	$	—		3,300		$	9.89	$	3.48
Stock options exercised		(40,432	)	$	7.17	$	3.03		(65,833	)	$	7.91	$	3.87		—		$	—	$	—		(23,247	)	$	7.11	$	2.92
Stock options forfeited		(9,773	)	$	7.67	$	3.70		(133,835	)	$	9.44	$	5.15		(6,876	)	$	7.01	$	2.84		—		$	—	$	—
Stock options expired		(34,332	)	$	16.87	$	10.30		(108,332	)	$	13.28	$	7.58		(9,000	)	$	10.89	$	5.82		(7,500	)	$	17.25	$	10.55
Outstanding at end of period		828,059		$	9.44	$	4.56		513,970		$	10.94	$	5.89		838,383		$	9.35	$	4.49		594,539		$	10.71	$	5.55
Stock options exercisable at end of period		403,479		$	11.30	$	6.02		360,132		$	12.41	$	6.90
Stock options expected to vest at end of period		424,580		$	7.68	$	3.18		153,838		$	7.49	$	3.52
Exercisable at end of period																499,139		$	10.74	$	5.52		400,566		$	11.84	$	6.40
Expected to vest at end of period																339,244		$	7.30	$	2.96		193,973		$	8.37	$	3.79

At ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, intrinsic value associated with stock options exercisable ~~and~~was less than $1. At March 31, 2020, there was no intrinsic value associated with stock options expected to ~~vest was $232 and $557, respectively.~~vest. The weighted average remaining contractual term of stock options exercisable and ~~stock options~~ expected to vest at ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, was ~~4.0~~3.6 years and 4.5 years, respectively. ~~Stock~~During the three months ended March 31, 2019, stock options with an aggregate intrinsic value of ~~$358~~$221 were exercised by employees ~~during the nine months ended September 30, 2019,~~ resulting in proceeds to the Company from the exercise of stock options of $289. Stock options with an aggregate intrinsic value of $574 were exercised by employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, resulting in proceeds to the Company from the exercise of stock options of $521.$165. The Company received no income tax benefit related to these exercises. There were no stock option exercises ~~in any period.~~during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,										Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019					2018					2020					2019
	Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period		67,001		$	8.30		52,502		$	11.07		66,513		$	8.76		67,001		$	8.30
Restricted stock granted		66,763		$	8.98		57,000		$	7.39		37,500		$	7.12		30,000		$	9.89
Restricted stock vested		(62,251	)	$	8.65		(42,501	)	$	10.51		(35,500	)	$	9.63		(27,500	)	$	8.08
Restricted stock forfeited		(5,000	)	$	6.75		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—
Outstanding at end of period		66,513		$	8.76		67,001		$	8.30		68,513		$	7.41		69,501		$	9.07
Restricted stock expected to vest at end of period		66,513		$	8.76		67,001		$	8.30		68,513		$	7.41		69,501		$	9.07

Restricted stock that vested during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ had a fair value of ~~$535~~$248 and ~~$326,~~$274, respectively.

During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2019, the Company made cash payments for taxes of $68 relating to the net settlement of certain equity-based awards. There were no cash payments for taxes or net settlement of equity-based awards during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2020.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk.

The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

The Company is required to disclose its estimate of the fair value of material financial instruments, including those recorded as assets or liabilities in its consolidated financial statements, in accordance with GAAP.

At ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company had no financial instruments (assets or liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

The carrying values and fair values of other financial instruments (assets and liabilities) not required to be recorded at fair value were as follows as of the dates indicated:

	September 30,				December 31,				March 31,				December 31,
	2019				2018				2020				2019
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,756	$	4,756	$	7,592	$	7,592	$	16,813	$	16,813	$	5,265	$	5,265
Restricted cash	$	1,364	$	1,364	$	1,548	$	1,548	$	508	$	508	$	978	$	978
Debt issuance costs^(a)	$	129	$	—	$	195	$	—	$	130	$	—	$	107	$	—
Current portion of long-term debt^(b)	$	151	$	155	$	144	$	149	$	155	$	159	$	153	$	157
Long-term debt ̶ net of current portion^(b)	$	1,250	$	1,267	$	1,364	$	1,384	$	1,171	$	1,186	$	1,211	$	1,227

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and current portion of long-term debt approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. The fair value of long-term debt – net of current portion has been estimated by management based on the consideration of applicable interest rates (including certain instruments at variable or floating rates) and other available information (including quoted prices of similar instruments available to the Company). Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were classified as Level 1; Current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt – net of current portion were classified as Level 2.2.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and ~~nine months ended September 30,~~ 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ the Company conducted a significant portion of its business with a limited number of customers, though not necessarily the same customers for each respective period. For the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ the Company’s five most significant customers represented ~~30.2%~~33.1% and ~~34.6% of total revenue, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s five most significant customers represented 23.8% and 17.9%~~30.9% of total revenue, respectively. At ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, accounts receivable from the Company’s five most significant customers were ~~$638~~$1,775 and ~~$2,344,~~$3,230, respectively.

Purchases of products and/or services from related parties during the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2019 ~~and 2018,~~ were ~~$5 and $4, respectively. Purchases of products and/or services from related parties during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were $63 and $16, respectively.~~$15. Purchases of products and/or services by the Company during ~~each of~~ the ~~respective periods primarily~~three months ended March 31, 2019 included leased office space and website design services ~~and leased office space (through July 2019)~~ from related parties under common control by S. Kent Rockwell, (currently ~~the~~ Chairman of the Board of the Company and previously the Executive Chairman and Chief Executive

Officer of the Company). Also included in purchases of products and/or services by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was the purchase of a 3D printing machine and certain ancillary equipment for $30 from an educational institution determined to be a related party on the basis that S. Kent Rockwell serves as a trustee of the educational institution.

None of the transactions met a threshold requiring review and approval by the Audit Committee of the Board.

~~Amounts due to related parties associated with the purchase~~ There were no purchases of products and/or services ~~at December~~from related parties during the three months ended March 31, ~~2018 were $1 and are reflected in accounts payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.~~2020. There were no amounts due to related parties ~~associated with the purchase of products and/~~at either March 31, 2020 or ~~services at September 30,~~December 31, 2019.

The Company also receives the benefit of the corporate use of an airplane from a related party under common control by S. Kent Rockwell for no consideration. There were no such benefits received during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The Company estimates the fair market value of the benefits received during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $3. The Company estimates the fair market value of the benefits received during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $5.

Refer to Note 1312 for further discussion relating to athe Company’s revolving credit facility with a related ~~party entered into in March 2018.~~party.

Other (income) expense ~~(income)~~ – net consisted of the following for the periods indicated:

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, gain on settlement of insurance claim represented $819 of a realized gain associated with an insurance recovery for a 3D printing machine damaged by a third-party freight company while in transit.

On April 18, 2020, the Company entered into an unsecured promissory note (the “Note”) in favor of The Huntington National Bank (the “Lender”) reflecting a loan in the principal amount of $2,194 (the “Loan”). The Loan was granted pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) administered by the United States Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Note, the Loan bears interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum and matures on April 18, 2022 (the “Maturity Date”). Principal and interest payments on the Loan are deferred until November 18, 2020, at which time equal installments of principal and interest will be due and payable monthly through the Maturity Date. The Note may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to maturity without penalty. If the Company defaults on the Note, the Lender may, at its option, accelerate the maturity of the Company’s obligations under the Note.

Pursuant to the terms of the PPP, the Loan, or a portion thereof, may be forgiven if Loan proceeds are used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act, such as payroll costs, costs used to continue group health care benefits, mortgage interest payments, rent and utilities. The Company intends to use all or a significant majority of the Loan proceeds for qualifying expenses. The terms of the Loan, including eligibility and forgiveness, may be subject to further requirements in regulations and guidance adopted by the SBA.

The Company has evaluated all of its activities and concluded that no other subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial ~~statements.~~statements, except as described above.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act with respect to our future financial or business performance, strategies, or expectations. Forward-looking statements typically are identified by words or phrases such as “trend,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “pipeline,” “believe,” “comfortable,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “current,” “intention,” “estimate,” “position,” “assume,” “outlook,” “continue,” “remain,” “maintain,” “sustain,” “seek,” “achieve,” as well as similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could” and “may.”

We caution that forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and we assume no duty, and do not undertake, to update forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements and future results could differ materially from historical performance.

In addition to items described under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019 and in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the following factors, among others, could cause results to differ materially from forward-looking statements or historical performance: the severity and duration of world health events, including the recent outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus COVID-19 and the related economic repercussions and operational challenges; our ability to consistently generate operating profits; fluctuations in our ~~revenue~~revenues and operating results; our competitive environment and our competitive position; our ability to enhance our current 3Dthree-dimensional (“3D”) printing machines and technology and develop and introduce new 3D printing machines; ~~delays in customer capital equipment spending due to macroeconomic factors;~~ our ability to qualify more industrial materials in which we can print; demand for our products; the availability of skilled personnel; the impact of loss of key management; the impact of market conditions and other factors on the carrying value of long-lived assets; our ability to continue as a going concern; the impact of customer specific terms in machine sale agreements on the period in which we recognize revenue; risks related to global operations including effects of the COVID-19 global pandemic; foreign currency; the adequacy of sources of liquidity; the amount and sufficiency of funds for required capital expenditures, working capital, and debt service; dependency on certain critical suppliers; nature or impact of alliances and strategic investments; reliance on critical information technology systems; the effect of litigation, contingencies and warranty claims; liabilities under laws and regulations protecting the environment; the impact of governmental laws and regulations; operating hazards, war, terrorism and cancellation or unavailability of insurance coverage; the impact of disruption of our manufacturing facilities or ExOne Adoption Centers (“EACs”); the adequacy of our protection of our intellectual property; ~~and~~ expectations regarding demand for our industrial products, operating ~~revenue,~~revenues, operating and maintenance expenses, insurance expenses and deductibles, interest expenses, debt levels, and other matters with regard to outlook.; and other factors beyond our control, including the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic.

We are a global provider of 3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products, materials and services to industrial customers. Our business primarily consists of manufacturing and selling 3D printing machines and printing products to specification for our customers using our installed base of 3D printing machines. Our machines serve direct (metal) and indirect (sand) applications. Direct printing produces a component; indirect printing makes a tool to produce a component. We offer pre-production collaboration and print products for customers through our network of EACs. We also supply the associated materials, including consumables and replacement parts, and other services, including training and technical support, that are necessary for purchasers of our 3D printing machines to print products. We believe that our ability to print in a variety of industrial materials, as well as our industry-leading volumetric output (as measured by build box size and printing speed), uniquely position us to serve the needs of industrial customers.

~~We plan~~In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. The impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic and related economic, business and market disruptions are evolving rapidly, and their effects are uncertain. Other than a temporary closure of our North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania facility effective for the period from March 23 through March 30, 2020, our operations were not materially affected by the COVID-19 outbreak as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Beginning in March 2020, restrictions imposed by various governmental authorities on international shipping and travel have caused a disruption to ~~grow~~the timing of shipment of our ~~market leading position with respect to~~ 3D printing ~~solutions for customers~~machines and ~~continue advancing~~ our ~~innovations in direct and indirect printing, principally through an expansion~~ability to complete installations of ~~our fine powder (less than 20 micron) direct printing capabilities and development activities associated with large format direct and indirect~~ 3D printing machines. The duration and severity of the outbreak and its long-term impact on our business are uncertain at this time. We are unable to predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on our future financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In response to adverse market conditions associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic, beginning in March 2020 and through April 2020, we initiated various cost savings actions including a mix of employee terminations, furloughs and pay rate reductions, as well as

reductions in consulting and other expenses, all in an effort to conserve cash and maintain adequate liquidity. We have targeted a net cost reduction for the remainder of 2020 of approximately $5,000 as a result of these actions. Given the high level of uncertainty associated with the timing and extent of the COVID-19 global pandemic, we expect to continue to assess whether additional cost actions are necessary to further adjust our operating model.

We are the global leader in industrial 3D printers utilizing binder jetting technology for non-polymer-based materials. Our continued focus ~~continues~~is to achieve profitable growth via three strategic initiatives:

Our results for the three months ended March 31, 2020, while favorable as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, continue to be ~~industrial markets~~impacted by a prolonged downturn in global manufacturing trends which has influenced the capital expenditure investments of our customers. Despite these headwinds, we ended the first quarter with a record backlog balance of approximately $33,800. We expect the combination of our backlog at March 31, 2020 and an acceleration in market adoption of our newly introduced printer platforms (our X1 25Pro^TM for ~~utilization~~metal applications and S-Max Pro^TM for sand applications, both introduced to market during the three months ended December 31, 2019) to provide the basis for our operating stability in 2020 despite continuing negative macroeconomic trends for global manufacturing, including the impact of ~~binder jetting technologies~~the COVID-19 global pandemic.

Sale-Leaseback of European Headquarters and Operating Facility in Gersthofen, Germany

On December 10, 2019, ExOne Property GmbH and ExOne GmbH (our “German Subsidiaries”), entered into a purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Solidas Immobilien und Grundbesitz GmbH, a private, unaffiliated German real estate investor (the “Buyer”), for ~~non-polymer based materials. Our strength~~the sale of our European headquarters and operating facility in ~~industrial markets~~Gersthofen, Germany (the “Facility”) for a cash price of approximately $18,500 (€17,000), of which approximately $2,200 was received prior to December 31, 2019. Concurrently with the execution of the Purchase Agreement, ExOne GmbH and the Buyer entered into a rental contract (the “Lease”) for the leaseback of the Facility for an initial aggregate annual rent totaling approximately $1,700 (€1,500), plus applicable taxes, which is ~~rooted in~~fixed during the initial three-year term and is subject to adjustment on an annual basis (in accordance with the consumer price index for Germany) during the two five-year option extension periods. The sale-leaseback transaction closed on February 18, 2020.

As a result of the completion of the sale-leaseback transaction further described above, we recorded or expect to record the following effects on our ~~diverse material capabilities, our lower cost~~results of ~~adoption versus other competing technologies, our faster printing speeds~~operations, financial condition and ~~our scalability to larger product size.~~ cash flows:

At ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, our backlog was approximately ~~$25,800~~$33,800 of which approximately ~~$21,700 was~~$29,800 is expected to be fulfilled during the next twelve months ~~following such date.~~notwithstanding uncertainty related to the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic (further discussed above) including, but not limited to, international shipping and travel restrictions brought about by the global pandemic which could have an adverse effect on the timing of delivery of products and/or services to customers. At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, our backlog was approximately ~~$12,300.~~$31,100.

Purchases of our 3D printing machines are often subject to the capital expenditure cycles of our customers. Generally, 3D printing machine sales are higher in our third and fourth quarters than in our first and second quarters; however, as acceptance of our 3D

printing machines as a credible alternative to traditional methods of production grows, we expect to limit the seasonality we experience.

We believe that the COVID-19 global pandemic may have an adverse effect on the future capital expenditure decisions of our customers outside of their normal spending cycles, which may impact the timing and extent of such decisions.

Net loss for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~$4,844,~~$3,648, or ~~$0.30~~$0.22 per basic and diluted share, compared with a net loss of ~~$323~~$4,496, or ~~$0.02~~$0.28 per basic and diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $13,129, or $0.81 per basic and diluted share, compared with a net loss of $14,745 or $0.91 per basic and diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

March 31, 2019. The ~~increase~~decrease in our net loss ~~for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018~~ was principally due to ~~a reduction~~an increase in our revenues and gross profit ~~as well as the absence of a gain from~~driven by an ~~insurance recovery~~increase in customer demand for ~~a 3D printing machine damaged~~our products, offset by ~~a third party freight company while in transit (all changes further described below).~~

~~The decrease in our net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was principally due to a decrease~~an increase in our operating expenses ~~(research~~based on investments made in our research and development activities (primarily headcount) and selling, general and administrative ~~expense) mostly due to~~expenses (primarily headcount increases associated with our ~~2018~~ global ~~cost realignment program~~marketing and sales infrastructure). During the three months ended March 31, 2020 we recognized a gain from sale-leaseback of property and equipment of $1,462 associated with the sale of our European headquarters and operating facility in Gersthofen, Germany. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded an income tax benefit of $818 associated with the reversal of previously recorded liabilities for uncertain tax positions ~~offset by~~following the completion of a ~~reduction in~~tax examination of our ~~revenues and gross profit and the absence of the aforementioned gain from an insurance recovery (all changes further described below).~~German operations.

The following table summarizes revenue by product ~~group:~~group for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended								Three Months Ended
	September 30,								September 30,								March 31,
	2019				2018				2019				2018				2020				2019
3D printing machines	$	3,972	36.5	%	$	9,700	58.5	%	$	16,532	46.3	%	$	17,434	44.3	%	$	6,317	47.2	%	$	3,329	34.8	%
3D printed and other products, materials and services		6,912	63.5	%		6,889	41.5	%		19,210	53.7	%		21,905	55.7	%		7,066	52.8	%		6,250	65.2	%
	$	10,884	100.0	%	$	16,589	100.0	%	$	35,742	100.0	%	$	39,339	100.0	%	$	13,383	100.0	%	$	9,579	100.0	%

Revenue for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~$10,884,~~$13,383, compared with revenue of ~~$16,589~~$9,579 for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2018, a decrease~~March 31, 2019, an increase of ~~$5,705,~~$3,804, or ~~34.4%~~39.7%. The ~~decrease~~increase in revenue resulted from ~~a decrease in revenue attributable to our 3D printing machines product group, offset by~~ an increase in revenue attributable to both of our ~~3D printed and other products, materials and services~~ product ~~group.~~ groups.

The ~~decrease~~increase in revenues from 3D printing machines of $2,988, or 89.8%, resulted from ~~a lower volume of~~higher volumes (14 units ~~sold (nine 3D printing machines~~ sold during the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019, as compared to 15 3D printing machines~~March 31, 2020 versus 8 units sold during the three months ended ~~September 30, 2018),~~March 31, 2019) and ~~an unfavorable~~a favorable mix of machines ~~sold, with a greater share of direct printers sold as compared to indirect printers (such indirect printers generally bearing a higher average selling price as compared to direct printers).~~ sold.

The increase in revenues from 3D printed and other products, materials and services ~~principally~~of $816, or 13.1%, resulted from an increase of $593 in consumable materials and aftermarket ~~sales (maintenance services and replacement components)~~revenues based on ~~an increased global installed base of 3D printing machines offset by a decrease~~growth in ~~materials (mostly due to reductions in pricing).~~

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $35,742 compared with revenue of $39,339 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of $3,597, or 9.1%. The decrease in revenue resulted from a decrease in revenue attributable to both of our product groups. The decrease in revenues from 3D printing machines resulted from a lower average selling price of units sold (primarily due to the mix of 3D printing machines sold), offset by a slightly higher volume of units sold (30 3D printing machines sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to 28 3D printing machines sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2018). The decrease in revenues from 3D printed and other products, materials and services principally resulted from a decrease in revenues from our direct EAC printing operations (mostly due to the timing of orders from a key customer), indirect EAC printing operations (mostly due to lower volumes of printed products and the impact of our exit of our Houston, Texas facility in August 2018, such facility contributing approximately $900 in revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2018) and

~~materials (mostly due to reductions in pricing based on external competition) offset by an increase in aftermarket sales based on an increased~~ global installed base of 3D printing machines. ~~Revenue was~~We also ~~impacted by approximately $700~~experienced an increase in revenues of $417 associated with research and development arrangements primarily due to ~~unfavorable exchange rates (principally the euro versus the United States dollar)~~an automotive project which commenced during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~December 31, 2019. Offsetting these increases were reductions in revenues of $144 from our global EACs (metal and sand) based on lower customer demand for printed products.

Cost of sales for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~$8,006,~~$9,754, compared with cost of sales of ~~$10,016~~$6,937 for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2018, a decrease~~March 31, 2019, an increase of ~~$2,010,~~$2,817, or ~~20.1%~~40.6%. Gross profit for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~$2,878,~~$3,629, compared with gross profit of ~~$6,573~~$2,642 for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019, an increase of $987. Gross profit percentage was ~~26.4%~~27.1% for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, compared with ~~39.6%~~27.6% for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2018.~~ March 31, 2019.

The ~~decrease~~increase in ~~our~~ gross profit was primarily due to ~~a decrease in~~ our ~~volume of products sold resulting in a reduction in leverage of our fixed cost base.~~

~~Cost of sales for~~higher revenue volumes during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019 was $25,080, compared with cost of~~March 31, 2020, offset by lower realized pricing on sales ~~of $28,560 for~~between the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of $3,480, or 12.2%. Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $10,662, compared with gross profit of $10,779 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Gross profit percentage was 29.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared with 27.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease inperiods which unfavorably impacted our gross profit ~~was primarily due to~~as a ~~decrease in our volume~~percentage of ~~products sold resulting in a reduction in leverage~~sales. We experienced higher overhead costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020, based on an increased global headcount and facility rent expense (versus depreciation) following completion of the sale-leaseback of our ~~fixed cost base~~European headquarters and ~~net negative~~operating facility in Gersthofen, Germany during the three months ended March 31, 2020, as well as comparably unfavorable product warranty experience ~~related to product warranties~~ of $367. These decreases were offset by cost savings associated with our 2018 global cost realignment program (primarily costs associated with our former Houston, Texas facility). In addition, we realized net benefits in cost of sales relating to$157. Offsetting these unfavorable impacts was a reduction in net charges ~~associated with~~for slow-moving ~~obsolete~~ and ~~lower of cost or net realizable value~~obsolete inventories of ~~$873 (principally due to~~$86 between the $561 charge associated with our industrial microwave inventories recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2018) and the absence of $223 in exit costs associated with our Desenzano del Garda, Italy and Houston, Texas facility consolidations.periods.

Research and development expenses for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 were ~~$2,430,~~$2,476, compared with research and development expenses of ~~$2,444~~$2,432 for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2018, a decrease~~March 31, 2019, an increase of ~~$14,~~$44, or ~~0.6%~~1.8%. The ~~decrease~~ increase in research

and development expenses was primarily due to ~~decreases in~~ ~~amounts expected to be awarded under our 2019 Program of $47~~ ~~based on a change in the estimated outcome of the defined financial goals for 2019 under the 2019 Program. This decrease was offset by~~ an increase in ~~material~~employee-related costs (salaries and benefits) of $167 due to an increased headcount, offset by a decrease in consulting and professional fees of ~~$22, primarily~~$82 associated with ~~our~~lower machine development ~~of the X1 25PRO~~^TM ~~direct 3D printing machine and S-MAX PRO~~^TM ~~indirect 3D printing machine.~~

Research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, were $7,399 compared with research and development expenses of $8,474 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of $1,075, or 12.7%. The decrease in research and development expenses was primarily due to decreases in employee-related costs (principally salaries and benefits) of $353 and consulting and professional fees of $841 (both reductions primarily as a result of our 2018 global cost realignment program) and a decrease in ~~amounts expected to be awarded under our 2019 Program of $87. These decreases were offset by an increase in material costs of $238, primarily associated with our development of the X1 25PRO~~^TM ~~direct 3D printing machine and S-MAX PRO~~^TM ~~indirect 3D printing machine.~~costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 were ~~$5,326,~~$6,163, compared with selling, general and administrative expenses of ~~$5,200~~$5,423 for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, an increase of ~~$126,~~$740, or ~~2.4%~~13.6%. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was principally due to an increase in employee-related costs (salaries and benefits) of $655 due to investments made during 2019 and early 2020 in our global marketing and sales infrastructure and an increase of $144 in sales commissions based on higher revenues. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we incurred a net provision for bad debts of ~~$414~~$51 as compared to net recoveries for bad debts of $73 during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to net recoveries of $2 during the three months ended September 30, 2018. The net provision for bad debts recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2019 included a specific customer provision of $416 associated with a leasing arrangement based on deterioration in credit quality of the lessee. This increaseMarch 31, 2019. Offsetting these increases was ~~offset by a decrease of $239 associated with a reduction in equity-based compensation and other amounts expected to be awarded under our 2019 Program~~ ~~based on a change in the estimated outcome of the defined financial goals for 2019 under the 2019 Program~~.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $16,916, compared with selling, general and administrative expenses of $17,755 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of $839, or 4.7%. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was principally due to a decrease in employee-related costs (salaries and benefits) of $1,524 (including $708 in employee termination costs associated with the change in our Chief Executive Officer and our 2018 global cost realignment program, recorded during the three months ended June 2018) and $240 of amounts expected to be awardedexpense incurred under our ~~2019 Program. These decreases were offset by increases associated with equity-based compensation~~annual incentive plans of ~~$675 (principally associated with changes~~$137 based on the expectation of under performance against targets established for 2020 in ~~executive management), net provision for bad debts~~advance of ~~$304 (further discussed above) and selling costs (sales promotion, trade show and external commissions)~~the impact to market conditions of ~~$222, primarily associated with our investment in~~ the ~~GIFA international foundry show in Dusseldorf, Germany (a once every four-year event).~~COVID-19 global pandemic.

Interest expense for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~$85,~~$64, compared with interest expense of ~~$73~~$71 for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2018, an increase~~March 31, 2019, a decrease of ~~$12,~~$7, or ~~16.4%~~9.9%. The ~~increase~~ decrease in interest expense was principally due to ~~interest incurred in connection~~lower debt issuance cost amortization associated with our related party revolving credit facility ~~($65 during~~following amendment and extension of the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $51 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018) based on borrowings of $2,000 under the related party revolving credit facility during the three months ended September 30, 2019. There were no such borrowings during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

~~Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $227, compared with interest expense of $179 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of $48, or 26.8%. The increase~~ agreement in interest expense was principally due to interest incurred in connection with our related party revolving credit facility entered into on March 12, 2018 ($165 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, including interest expense associated with the aforementioned borrowings during the three months ended September 30, 2019 further discussed above, as compared to $110 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018).February 2020.

Other ~~income~~(income) expense – net for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~$134,~~($190), compared with other ~~income~~(income) expense – net of ~~$838~~$12 for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2018. Other income – net for the three months ended September 30, 2019 includes $136 in net~~March 31, 2019. The change of $202 was principally due to favorable foreign exchange ~~gains~~rate changes and the related impact on ~~commercial transactions and~~ certain intercompany transactions between subsidiaries ~~either settled~~for which settlement has occurred or planned for settlement in the foreseeable future (principally due to the appreciation of the United States dollar against the euro). Other income – net for the three months ended September 30, 2018 includes $39 in net foreign exchange gains on commercial transactions and certain intercompany transactions between subsidiaries either settled or planned for settlement in the foreseeable future (principally due to the appreciation of the United States dollar against the euro) and ~~$819 of a realized gain associated with an insurance recovery for a 3D printing machine damaged by a third party freight company while in transit.~~

Other income – net for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $65, compared with other income – net of $936 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Other income – net for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 includes $85 in net foreign exchange gains on commercial transactions and certain intercompany transactions between subsidiaries either settled or planned for settlement in the foreseeable future (principally due to the appreciation of the United States dollar against the euro). Other income – net for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes $138 in net foreign exchange gains on commercial transactions and certain intercompany transactions between subsidiaries either settled or planned for settlement in the foreseeable future (principally due to the appreciation of the United States dollar against the euro) and ~~$819 of a realized gain associated with an insurance recovery for a 3D printing machine damaged by a third party freight company while in transit~~.is planned.

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $226 and ~~2018 was $15 and $17, respectively. The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was~~ ($~~686) and $52,~~800), respectively. We have completed a discrete period computation of our provision ~~(benefit)~~ for income taxes for each of the periods presented. The discrete period computation was required as a result of jurisdictions with losses before income taxes for which no tax benefit can be recognized and an inability to generate reliable estimates for results in certain jurisdictions as a result of inconsistencies in generating net operating profits (losses) in those jurisdictions.

We have provided a valuation allowance for certain of our net deferred tax assets as a result of our inability to generate consistent net operating profits in certain jurisdictions in which we operate. As such, ~~any benefit~~certain benefits from deferred taxes in ~~any of~~ the periods presented ~~in our condensed consolidated financial statements has~~have been fully offset by changes in the valuation allowance for the related net deferred tax assets. We continue to assess our future taxable income by jurisdiction based on our recent historical operating results, the expected timing of reversal of temporary differences, various tax planning strategies that we may be able to enact in future periods, the impact of potential operating changes on our business and our forecast results from operations in future periods based on available information at the end of each reporting period. To the extent that we are able to reach the conclusion that net deferred tax assets are realizable based on any combination of the above factors in a single, or multiple, taxing jurisdictions, a reversal of the related portion of our existing valuation allowances may occur.

At December 31, 2018, our ExOne GmbH (2010-2013) and ExOne Property GmbH (2013) subsidiaries were under examination by local taxing authorities in Germany. In January 2019, this examination was concluded by the local taxing authorities in Germany without significant adjustment to previously established tax positions. As a result, during the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded a reversal of certain of our previously recorded liabilities for uncertain tax positions of $1,075, of which $257 was offset against net operating loss carryforwards.

In August 2018, we committed to a plan to consolidate certain of our 3D printing operations from our Houston, Texas facility into our Troy, Michigan facility. These actions were taken as part of our efforts to optimize our business model and maximize our facility utilization. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a charge of $28 split between cost of sales ($15) and selling, general and administrative expense ($13) associated with involuntary employee terminations related to this plan. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded an additional charge of $1 (to cost of sales) associated with asset impairments related to this plan. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. We settled all amounts associated with involuntary employee terminations during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

The consolidation of our 3D printing operations from our Houston, Texas facility into our Troy, Michigan facility is expected to result in a reduction in our annual revenues of approximately $1,400. Revenues associated with our Houston, Texas facility were $153 and $944 for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018. We expect annualized cost savings related to this consolidation of approximately $1,800, with approximately $1,600 in the form of cash cost savings (principally employee-related and other operating costs) and approximately $200 in the form of reduced depreciation expense. Cost savings associated with the exit of this facility are expected to benefit cost of sales by approximately $1,600 and selling, general and administrative expenses by approximately $200. We expect to invest these cost savings into technological or process advancements that support either long-term cost benefits or revenue growth.

In September 2019, we reached agreement with a third party for the sale of certain property and equipment ($822 included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet for each of the periods presented) associated with the former Houston, Texas facility. We expect to receive net proceeds from the sale of the property and equipment of approximately $1,000 during the three months ended December 31, 2019 and to record a corresponding gain on the sale of approximately $200 from the disposal.

In December 2017, we committed to a plan to consolidate certain of our 3D printing operations from our Desenzano del Garda, Italy facility into our Gersthofen, Germany facility. These actions were taken as part of our efforts to optimize our business model and maximize our facility utilization. As a result of these actions, during the three months ended December 31, 2017, we recorded a charge of $72 split between cost of sales ($19) and selling, general and administrative expense ($53) associated with involuntary employee terminations related to this plan. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded an additional charge of $245 associated with other exit costs ($17) and asset impairments ($228) related to this plan. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded an additional charge of $13 associated with asset impairments related to this plan. In addition, during the three months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded a gain from disposal of certain property and equipment of $51 (recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss). Charges associated with other exit costs recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were recorded to cost of sales in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. Charges associated with asset impairments recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 were recorded to cost of sales as a component of depreciation expense in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. Other exit costs relate to the remaining facility rent due under a non-cancellable operating lease following the cessation of operations at the facility in January 2018. Asset impairment charges relate to certain leasehold improvements associated with the exited facility and other equipment which we abandoned. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. We settled all amounts associated with involuntary employee terminations and other exit costs (remaining facility rent payments) during 2018.

The consolidation of our 3D printing operations from our Desenzano del Garda, Italy facility into our Gersthofen, Germany facility is not expected to have a significant impact on our revenues in future periods. We expect annualized cost savings related to this consolidation of approximately $875, with approximately $600 in the form of cash cost savings (principally employee-related and other operating costs) and approximately $275 in the form of reduced depreciation expense. Cost savings associated with the exit of this facility are expected to benefit cost of sales by approximately $625 and selling, general and administrative expenses by approximately $250. We expect to invest these cost savings into technological or process advancements that support either long-term cost benefits or revenue growth.

During the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, as a result of continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies, we identified a triggering event requiring a test for the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used at the asset group level. Assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used requires significant judgments and estimates by management.

For purposes of testing long-lived assets for recoverability, we operate as three separate asset groups: United States, Europe and Japan. In assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used, we determined the carrying amount of long-lived assets held and used to be in excess of the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows of the related assets. We proceeded to determine the fair value of our long-lived assets held and used, principally through use of the market approach. Our use of the market approach included

consideration of market transactions for comparable assets. Management concluded that the fair value of long-lived assets held and used exceeded their carrying value, and as such, no impairment loss was recorded.

A significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset, adverse change in the use or condition of a long-lived asset, adverse change in the business climate or legal or regulatory factors impacting a long-lived asset and continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies associated with a long-lived asset, among other indicators, could cause a future assessment to be performed which may result in an impairment of long-lived assets held and used, ~~resulting~~which could result in a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

Our results of operations and financial condition are presented based on historical cost. While it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of inflation due to the imprecise nature of the estimates required, we believe the effects of inflation, if any, on our results of operations and financial condition are not significant.

We have incurred a net loss in each of our annual periods since our inception. ~~In addition, we~~We incurred a net loss of ~~$4,844 and $13,129~~$3,648 for the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively.~~March 31, 2020. At ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, we had ~~$4,756~~$16,813 in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents.

WeIn addition to our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, we also have access to additional capital through our $10,000 related party revolving credit facility (further discussed below). Also, on April 18, 2020, we received additional unrestricted cash proceeds of $2,194 in connection with a Paycheck Protection Program loan (further discussed below).

Since our inception we have received cumulative unrestricted net proceeds from the sale of our common stock (through our initial public offering and subsequent secondary offerings) of $168,361 to fund our operations. ~~In March 2018, we entered into a three-year, $15,000 revolving credit facility with a related party (further described below)~~We maintain additional access to ~~provide additional funding~~capital through our active shelf registration statement which allows for ~~working capital~~the sale of various equity or debt instruments up to an aggregate amount of $125,000. Future sales of securities through our active shelf registration are dependent on market conditions which may restrict the timing and ~~general corporate purposes. At September 30, 2019, $13,000 remained available under the related party revolving credit facility. In June 2018, we initiated a~~extent of any future offering of securities by us.

We have previously exhibited our ability to modify our operating structure and support our liquidity position through various restructuring and other actions, including our 2018 global cost realignment ~~program focused on~~program. As further discussed above, in response to adverse market conditions associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic, beginning in March 2020 and through April 2020, we commenced various cost savings actions including a ~~reduction~~mix of employee terminations, furloughs and pay rate reductions, as well as reductions in ~~our production overhead costs~~consulting and ~~operating~~other expenses, all in an effort to ~~drive efficiency in our operations~~conserve cash and ~~preserve capital~~.maintain adequate liquidity.

We believe that our existing capital resources will be sufficient to support our operating plan. If we anticipate that our actual results will differ from our operating plan, we believe we have sufficient capabilities to enact cost savings measures to preserve capital (in addition to ~~the costs savings measures associated with our 2018 global cost realignment program~~those further described above). We may also seek to raise additional capital to support our growth through additional debt, equity or other alternatives (including asset sales) or a combination ~~thereof~~.thereof.

On March 12, 2018, we and our ExOne Americas LLC and ExOne GmbH subsidiaries, as guarantors (collectively, the “Loan Parties”), entered into a Credit Agreement and related ancillary agreements with LBM Holdings, LLC (“LBM”), a company controlled by S. Kent Rockwell, who was our Executive Chairman (a related party) at such date and is currently ~~Chairman of~~ our ~~Board of Directors (the “Board”),~~Chairman, relating to a $15,000 revolving credit facility (the ~~“LBM Credit~~“Credit Agreement”) to provide additional funding to us for working capital and general corporate purposes. The ~~LBM~~ Credit Agreement ~~provides~~provided a credit facility for a term of three years (through March 12, 2021) ~~and bears~~, bearing interest at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 500 basis points ~~(7.0% and 7.5%~~(6.8% at ~~September 30,~~December 31, 2019 and ~~December~~6.0% at March 31, ~~2018, respectively)~~2020). The ~~LBM~~ Credit Agreement ~~requires~~required a commitment fee of 75 basis points, or 0.75%, on the unused portion of the facility, payable monthly in arrears. In addition, an up-front commitment fee of 125 basis points, or 1.25% ($188), was required at closing. Borrowings under the ~~LBM~~ Credit Agreement were collateralized by the accounts receivable, inventories and machinery and equipment of the Loan Parties.

Borrowings under the credit facility are required to be made in minimum increments of $1,000. We may terminate or reduce the credit commitment at any time during the term of the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement without penalty. We may also make prepayments against outstanding borrowings under the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement at any time without penalty. ~~Borrowings under the LBM Credit Agreement have been collateralized by the accounts receivable, inventories~~At December 31, 2019 and ~~machinery and equipment of the Loan Parties. At inception and September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, the total estimated value of collateral was in significant excess of the maximum borrowing capacity under the ~~LBM Credit Agreement.~~credit facility.

We do not consider the Credit Agreement, as amended, indicative of a fair market value lending, as LBM was determined to be a related party based on common control by S. Kent Rockwell. ~~Accordingly, we do not consider~~S. Kent Rockwell is the ~~LBM Credit Agreement indicative~~indirect sole owner of ~~a fair market value lending.~~ LBM. Prior to execution, each of the ~~LBM~~ Credit Agreement and the Amendment was reviewed and approved by the Audit Committee of the Board, in accordance with The ExOne Company Policy and Procedures with Respect to Related Person Transactions, and subsequently by a sub-committee of independent members of the ~~Board~~.Board. At the time of execution of the ~~LBM~~ Credit Agreement, the ~~$15,000 in~~ available loan proceeds ~~was~~were deposited into an escrow account with an unrelated, third party financial institution acting as escrow agent pursuant to a separate Escrow Agreement by and among the parties. Loan proceeds held in escrow are available to us upon our submission to the escrow agent of a loan request. Such proceeds will not be available to LBM until payment in-full of the obligations under the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement and termination of the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement. Payments of principal and other obligations will be made to the escrow agent, while interest payments will be made directly to LBM. Provided there exists no potential default or event of default, the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement and Escrow Agreement prohibit any acceleration of repayment of any amount outstanding under the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement and prohibit termination of the ~~LBM~~amended Credit Agreement or withdrawal from escrow of any unused portion of the available loan ~~proceeds~~proceeds.

~~During~~during the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020 or 2019.

In connection with our efforts to conserve cash as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic, LBM agreed to defer cash payments of its commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility to a future date (to be determined upon mutual agreement by the parties). There are no incremental interest or other fees to be incurred by us as a result of this deferral.

On April 18, 2020, we ~~borrowed $2,000~~entered into an unsecured promissory note (the “Note”) in favor of The Huntington National Bank (the “Lender”) reflecting a loan in the principal amount of $2,194 (the “Loan”). The Loan is granted pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) administered by the United States Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Note, the Loan bears interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum and matures on April 18, 2022 (the “Maturity Date”). Principal and interest payments on the Loan are deferred until November 18, 2020, at which time equal installments of principal and interest will be due and payable monthly through the Maturity Date. The Note may be prepaid by us at any time prior to maturity without penalty. If we default on the Note, the Lender may, at its option, accelerate the maturity of our obligations under the ~~LBM Credit Agreement which remained outstanding at September 30, 2019.~~ ~~There were no borrowings by us under the LBM Credit Agreement during any period prior~~Note.

Pursuant to the ~~three months ended September 30, 2019 from its inception (March 12, 2018).~~terms of the PPP, the Loan, or a portion thereof, may be forgiven if Loan proceeds are used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act, such as payroll costs, costs used to continue group health care benefits, mortgage interest payments, rent and utilities. We intend to use all or a significant majority of the Loan proceeds for qualifying expenses. The terms of the Loan, including eligibility and forgiveness, may be subject to further requirements in regulations and guidance adopted by the SBA.

The following table summarizes the significant components of cash flows for ~~each of~~ the ~~nine month~~ periods ~~ended September 30, 2019 and 2018,~~indicated, and our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances ~~at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:~~as of the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Net cash used for operating activities	$	(4,196	)	$	(8,889	)	$	(4,739	)	$	(1,386	)
Net cash used for investing activities		(610	)		(1,115	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		2,100			137
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities								15,890			(347	)
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities								(42	)		56
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(314	)		(294	)		(31	)		(121	)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(3,020	)	$	(10,161	)	$	11,078		$	(1,798	)


	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,756		$	7,592		$	16,813		$	5,265
Restricted cash		1,364			1,548			508			978
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	6,120		$	9,140		$	17,321		$	6,243

Net cash used for operating activities for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~$4,196,~~$4,739, compared with net cash used for operating activities of ~~$8,889~~$1,386 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. The net ~~decrease~~increase in cash outflows of ~~$4,693~~ $3,353 was due to an increase in our net loss (net of noncash items) and a net increase in working capital attributable to a decrease in ~~our~~ net ~~loss (changes further described above) net~~cash inflows from customers (principally due to timing of ~~noncash items and a net decrease in working capital attributable to~~cash collections on 3D printing machine sales) partially offset by a decrease in net cash outflows related to inventory production of our 3D printing machines and the timing of payments to our suppliers and vendors for our production and operating expenses.

We expect to maintain a balanced net working capital position for the remainder of 2020, with a targeted reduction in inventories consistent with our revised production plans expected to offset lower commercial activity (customer prepayments) stemming from the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic.

Net cash ~~used for~~provided by investing activities for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020 was ~~$610,~~$15,890, compared with net cash used for investing activities of ~~$1,115~~$347 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash provided by investing activities included $16,228 in proceeds from the sale of property and equipment, including the sale-leaseback of our European headquarters and operating facility in Gersthofen, Germany.

Activity for both periods included cash outflows for capital expenditures (consistent with our operating plans)~~, offset by proceeds from the sale of property and equipment.~~.

We expect our remaining ~~2019~~2020 capital expenditures to be limited to spending associated with sustaining our existing operations and strategic asset acquisition and deployment (additional estimated spending of ~~less than $500).~~

In September 2019, we reached agreement with a third party for the sale of certain property and equipment associated with the former Houston, Texas facility. We expect to receive net proceeds from the sale of the property and equipment of approximately $1,000 ~~during~~to $2,000, which reflects a reduced spending target as part of our capital conservation plans in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic and its effect on our operations).

Net cash used for financing activities for the three months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2019.~~

~~Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019~~2020 was ~~$2,100,~~$42, compared with net cash provided by financing activities of ~~$137~~$56 for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2019, net cash provided by financing activities included $165 in cash inflows of $2,000 associated with borrowings under our related party revolving credit facility and $289 associated with proceeds from the exercise of stock options by employees. These amounts were offset by cash outflows of $111 in principal payments on long-term debt and $68 associated with taxes related to the net settlement of equity-based awards.

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities included cash inflows of $521~~ associated with proceeds from the exercise of stock options by employees. This amount was offset by $68 in cash outflows ~~of $106 in principal payments on long-term debt and $265 in debt issuance costs~~ associated with taxes related to the net settlement of equity-based awards. There were no stock option exercises or taxes related to the net settlement of equity-based awards during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The following summarizes the material changes in our financial condition from December 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020:

Restricted cash decreased by $470 following an amendment to our credit facility agreement with a German bank completed in February 2020 which relieved us of a cash collateral requirement up to approximately $1,100 for financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by us for commercial transactions requiring security.

Accounts receivable decreased by $1,568 based on the timing of cash payments by customers (principally the timing of cash collections on 3D printing machine sales).

Inventories increased by $1,883 due to an increase in finished goods inventories (principally 3D printing machines prepared for sale in accordance with customer specifications pending delivery to or acceptance by customers) consistent with growth in our backlog. In addition, raw materials and components inventories increased in connection with our production plans.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased by $605, mostly due to increases in prepayments to suppliers for 3D printing machine components and subassemblies.

Property and equipment – net decreased by $18,175, mostly due to the impact of the sale-leaseback of our European headquarters and operating facility in Gersthofen, Germany (which resulted in a derecognition of $17,282 of related ~~party revolving credit facility.~~property and equipment) and depreciation expense of $923 incurred during the period.

Operating lease right-of-use assets increased by $4,357, principally as a result of the sale-leaseback transaction further discussed above.

Accounts payable decreased by $1,433 due to the timing of payments to our suppliers and vendors for our production and operating expenses.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities decreased by $2,352, mostly due to the sale-leaseback transaction further discussed above based on the release of $2,243 of a deposit liability received from the buyer in December 2019.

Operating lease liabilities increased $4,357, principally as a result of the sale-leaseback transaction further discussed above.

Contract liabilities increased $1,744 based on the timing of cash payments by customers (principally the timing of cash collections on 3D printing machine sales consistent with growth in our backlog).

In the normal course of our operations, our ExOne GmbH subsidiary issues financial guarantees and letters of credit to third parties in connection with certain commercial transactions requiring security. At ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by us were $863 (€785) with expiration dates ranging from October 2020 through February 2023. At December 31, 2019, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by us were ~~$944~~$560 (€~~865) with expiration dates ranging from October 2019 through February 2023. At December 31, 2018, total outstanding financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by us were $1,136 (€992)~~499). For further discussion related to financial guarantees and letters of credit issued by us, refer to Note 1211 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form ~~10-Q.~~10-Q.

Refer to Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Refer to Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, ~~(the “Exchange Act”)~~ and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2019. These controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as a result of certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting (further described below), our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective.

In connection with the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements as of ~~September 30, 2019 were effective.~~and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, we concluded that there are material weaknesses in the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

A description of the identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting is as follows:

Notwithstanding the identified material weaknesses described above, management believes that the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

~~There~~During the three months ended March 31, 2020, as a result of the identification of the material weaknesses further described above, management has commenced its remediation plans in an effort to ensure that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Our remediation plans include a comprehensive evaluation of the people, processes and systems responsible for each of the underlying control activities. We expect to complete this evaluation in 2020 and put measures in place in an effort to remediate the identified material weaknesses. However, we cannot be certain that the measures we may take will ensure that we establish and maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future or that material weaknesses identified will be remediated.

Other than the items further described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

We are subject to various litigation, claims, and proceedings which have been or may be instituted or asserted from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that the outcome of any pending or threatened matters will have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

We face risks related to the COVID-19 global pandemic which could significantly disrupt our operations and impact our operating results and/or cash flows.

In addition to the commercial risks, the long-term effects of the COVID-19 global pandemic may also include risks associated with employee health and safety, resultant operating facility closures and supply chain disruption, each of which may have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

There have been no material changes from the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019, except as described above.

The Exhibits listed on the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Title of ~~each~~ class	Trading symbol	Name of ~~each~~ exchange on which registered
Common stock	XONE	~~NASDAQ~~The Nasdaq Stock Market

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

	March 31,			December 31,			Economic Life
	2020			2019			(in years)
Land	$	3,378		$	6,980		N/A
Buildings and related improvements		9,989			25,675		5 - 40
Machinery and equipment		19,208			19,531		3 - 20
Other		6,049			7,086		3 - 20
		38,624			59,272
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(18,306	)		(21,478	)
		20,318			37,794
Construction-in-progress		402			1,101
Property and equipment ̶ net	$	20,720		$	38,895


Level 2		Inputs include:

		Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

		Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

		Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

		Inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3		Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Exhibit Number	Description	Method of Filing

3.1	Amended and Restated Bylaws.	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K (#001-35806) filed on April 3, 2020.

10.1	First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated February 18, 2020 among the Company, ExOne Americas LLC, ExOne GmbH and LBM Holdings LLC.	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of Form 10-K (#001-35806) filed on March 12, 2020.

10.2	First Amendment to Employment Agreement dated April 3, 2020 between the Company and John F. Hartner.	Filed herewith.

10.3	Separation and Release Agreement dated April 9, 2020 between the Company and Charlie Grace.	Filed herewith.

10.4	Promissory Note (Paycheck Protection Program Loan) dated April 18, 2020 in favor of The Huntington National Bank.	Filed herewith.

31.1	Rule 13(a)-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer.	Filed herewith.

31.2	Rule 13(a)-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer.	Filed herewith.

32	Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer.	Filed herewith.

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.	Filed herewith.

101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	Filed herewith.

101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.

101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.

101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.

101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	Filed herewith.


(a)	Interest income relating to sales-type leases is recorded as a component of revenue in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss for each of the periods presented.


Level 1		Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical investments that the Company has the ability to access.

The ExOne Company

By:		/s/ John F. Hartner
		John F. Hartner
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:		~~November~~May 7, ~~2019~~2020

By:		/s/ Douglas D. Zemba
		Douglas D. Zemba
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

Date:		~~November~~May 7, ~~2019~~2020