Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	March 31,						June 30,					June 30,
(In millions, except per share amounts)	2020			2019			2020			2019		2020			2019
Net Sales (Note 2)	$	3,056		$	3,598		$	2,144		$	3,632	$	5,200		$	7,230
Cost of Goods Sold		2,552			2,879			2,216			2,855		4,768			5,734
Selling, Administrative and General Expense		581			547			451			586		1,032			1,133
Goodwill Impairment (Note 8)		182			—
Goodwill and Other Asset Impairments (Notes 8 and 9)								148			—		330			—
Rationalizations (Note 3)		9			103			99			4		108			107
Interest Expense		73			85			85			88		158			173
Other (Income) Expense (Note 4)		27			22			34			17		61			39
Income (Loss) before Income Taxes		(368	)		(38	)		(889	)		82		(1,257	)		44
United States and Foreign Tax Expense (Note 5)		249			6
United States and Foreign Tax Expense (Benefit) (Note 5)								(186	)		26		63			32
Net Income (Loss)		(617	)		(44	)		(703	)		56		(1,320	)		12
Less: Minority Shareholders’ Net Income		2			17
Less: Minority Shareholders’ Net Income (Loss)								(7	)		2		(5	)		19
Goodyear Net Income (Loss)	$	(619	)	$	(61	)	$	(696	)	$	54	$	(1,315	)	$	(7	)
Goodyear Net Income (Loss) — Per Share of Common Stock
Basic	$	(2.65	)	$	(0.26	)	$	(2.97	)	$	0.23	$	(5.62	)	$	(0.03	)
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Note 6)		234			232			234			233		234			232
Diluted	$	(2.65	)	$	(0.26	)	$	(2.97	)	$	0.23	$	(5.62	)	$	(0.03	)
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Note 6)		234			232			234			234		234			232

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31,						June 30,						June 30,
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019			2020			2019
Net Income (Loss)	$	(617	)	$	(44	)	$	(703	)	$	56		$	(1,320	)	$	12
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Foreign currency translation, net of tax of ($8) in 2020 ($2 in 2019)		(225	)		30
Foreign currency translation, net of tax of $4 and ($4) in 2020 ($2 and $4 in 2019)								(7	)		(16	)		(232	)		14
Defined benefit plans:
Amortization of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses included in total benefit cost, net of tax of $9 in 2020 ($8 in 2019)		27			26
(Increase)/Decrease in net actuarial losses, net of tax of $0 in 2020 ($1 in 2019)		(1	)		4
Immediate recognition of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses due to curtailments, settlements and divestitures, net of tax of ($1) in 2020 ($0 in 2019)		(1	)		—
Deferred derivative gains, net of tax of $5 in 2020 ($0 in 2019)		18			5
Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in income, net of tax of $0 in 2020 ($0 in 2019)		(4	)		(3	)
Amortization of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses included in total benefit cost, net of tax of $8 and $17 in 2020 ($8 and $16 in 2019)								28			26			55			52
(Increase)/decrease in net actuarial losses, net of tax of ($2) and ($2) in 2020 ($3 and $4 in 2019)								(8	)		9			(9	)		13
Immediate recognition of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses due to curtailments, settlements and divestitures, net of tax of $0 and ($1) in 2020 ($0 and $0 in 2019)								1			—			—			—
Prior service cost from plan amendments, net of tax of $0 and $0 in 2020 ($0 and $0 in 2019)								—			(1	)		—			(1	)
Deferred derivative gains (losses), net of tax of ($4) and $1 in 2020 ($0 and $0 in 2019)								1			(1	)		19			4
Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in income, net of tax of $0 and $0 in 2020 (($1) and ($1) in 2019)								(4	)		(2	)		(8	)		(5	)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		(186	)		62			11			15			(175	)		77
Comprehensive Income (Loss)		(803	)		18			(692	)		71			(1,495	)		89
Less: Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Minority Shareholders		(7	)		17			(7	)		5			(14	)		22
Goodyear Comprehensive Income (Loss)	$	(796	)	$	1		$	(685	)	$	66		$	(1,481	)	$	67

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

	March 31,			December 31,			June 30,			December 31,
(In millions, except share data)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Assets:
Current Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	971		$	908		$	1,006		$	908
Accounts Receivable, less Allowance — $131 ($111 in 2019)		2,025			1,941
Accounts Receivable, less Allowance — $143 ($111 in 2019)								1,727			1,941
Inventories:
Raw Materials		589			530			594			530
Work in Process		87			143			128			143
Finished Products		2,243			2,178			1,752			2,178
		2,919			2,851			2,474			2,851
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets		258			234			206			234
Total Current Assets		6,173			5,934			5,413			5,934
Goodwill (Note 8)		369			565			383			565
Intangible Assets (Note 8)		135			137			135			137
Deferred Income Taxes (Note 5)		1,261			1,527			1,434			1,527
Other Assets (Note 9)		941			959			794			959
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets		873			855			869			855
Property, Plant and Equipment, less Accumulated Depreciation — $10,324 ($10,488 in 2019)		6,939			7,208
Property, Plant and Equipment, less Accumulated Depreciation — $10,293 ($10,488 in 2019)								6,799			7,208
Total Assets	$	16,691		$	17,185		$	15,827		$	17,185

Liabilities:
Current Liabilities:
Accounts Payable — Trade	$	2,645		$	2,908		$	1,858		$	2,908
Compensation and Benefits (Notes 12 and 13)		470			536			485			536
Other Current Liabilities		648			734			798			734
Notes Payable and Overdrafts (Note 10)		691			348			712			348
Operating Lease Liabilities due Within One Year		191			199			192			199
Long Term Debt and Finance Leases due Within One Year (Note 10)		621			562			581			562
Total Current Liabilities		5,266			5,287			4,626			5,287
Operating Lease Liabilities		693			668			698			668
Long Term Debt and Finance Leases (Note 10)		5,212			4,753			5,688			4,753
Compensation and Benefits (Notes 12 and 13)		1,254			1,334			1,273			1,334
Deferred Income Taxes (Note 5)		86			90			80			90
Other Long Term Liabilities		483			508			449			508
Total Liabilities		12,994			12,640			12,814			12,640
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Note 14)
Shareholders’ Equity:
Goodyear Shareholders’ Equity:
Common Stock, no par value:
Authorized, 450 million shares, Outstanding shares — 233 million in 2020 and 2019		233			233			233			233
Capital Surplus		2,146			2,141			2,154			2,141
Retained Earnings		5,444			6,113			4,748			6,113
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		(4,313	)		(4,136	)		(4,302	)		(4,136	)
Goodyear Shareholders’ Equity		3,510			4,351			2,833			4,351
Minority Shareholders’ Equity — Nonredeemable		187			194			180			194
Total Shareholders’ Equity		3,697			4,545			3,013			4,545
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	16,691		$	17,185		$	15,827		$	17,185

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

												Accumulated						Minority																Accumulated						Minority
												Other			Goodyear			Shareholders'			Total													Other			Goodyear			Shareholders'			Total
	Common Stock					Capital			Retained			Comprehensive			Shareholders'			Equity — Non-			Shareholders'			Common Stock				Capital			Retained			Comprehensive			Shareholders'			Equity — Non-			Shareholders'
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	Shares		Amount			Surplus			Earnings			Loss			Equity			Redeemable			Equity			Shares		Amount		Surplus			Earnings			Loss			Equity			Redeemable			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019
(after deducting 45,813,109 common treasury shares)		232,650,318	$	233	��	$	2,141		$	6,113		$	(4,136	)	$	4,351		$	194		$	4,545			232,650,318	$	233	$	2,141		$	6,113		$	(4,136	)	$	4,351		$	194		$	4,545
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)										(619	)					(619	)		2			(617	)									(619	)					(619	)		2			(617	)
Foreign currency translation (net of tax of ($8))													(216	)		(216	)		(9	)		(225	)												(216	)		(216	)		(9	)		(225	)
Amortization of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses included in total benefit cost (net of tax of $9)													27			27						27													27			27						27
Increase in net actuarial losses (net of tax of $0)													(1	)		(1	)					(1	)												(1	)		(1	)					(1	)
Immediate recognition of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses due to curtailments, settlements and divestitures (net of tax of ($1))													(1	)		(1	)					(1	)												(1	)		(1	)					(1	)
Deferred derivative gains (net of tax of $5)													18			18						18													18			18						18
Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in income (net of tax of $0)													(4	)		(4	)					(4	)												(4	)		(4	)					(4	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)																(177	)		(9	)		(186	)															(177	)		(9	)		(186	)
Total comprehensive income (loss)																(796	)		(7	)		(803	)															(796	)		(7	)		(803	)
Adoption of new accounting standards update (Note 1)										(12	)					(12	)					(12	)									(12	)					(12	)					(12	)
Stock-based compensation plans							7									7						7							7									7						7
Dividends declared										(38	)					(38	)					(38	)									(38	)					(38	)					(38	)
Common stock issued from treasury		347,232					(2	)								(2	)					(2	)		347,232				(2	)								(2	)					(2	)
Balance at March 31, 2020
(after deducting 45,465,877 common treasury shares)		232,997,550	$	233		$	2,146		$	5,444		$	(4,313	)	$	3,510		$	187		$	3,697			232,997,550	$	233	$	2,146		$	5,444		$	(4,313	)	$	3,510		$	187		$	3,697
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)																																(696	)					(696	)		(7	)		(703	)
Foreign currency translation (net of tax of $4)																																			(7	)		(7	)					(7	)
Amortization of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses included in total benefit cost (net of tax of $8)																																			28			28						28
Increase in net actuarial losses (net of tax of ($2))																																			(8	)		(8	)					(8	)
Immediate recognition of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses due to curtailments, settlements and divestitures (net of tax of $0)																																			1			1						1
Deferred derivative gains (net of tax of ($4))																																			1			1						1
Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in income (net of tax of $0)																																			(4	)		(4	)					(4	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)																																						11						11
Total comprehensive income (loss)																																						(685	)		(7	)		(692	)
Stock-based compensation plans																													8									8						8
Common stock issued from treasury																									13,012
Balance at June 30, 2020
(after deducting 45,452,865 common treasury shares)																									233,010,562	$	233	$	2,154		$	4,748		$	(4,302	)	$	2,833		$	180		$	3,013

We declared and paid cash dividends of $0.16 per Common Share for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

											Accumulated						Minority															Accumulated						Minority
											Other			Goodyear			Shareholders'		Total													Other			Goodyear			Shareholders'			Total
	Common Stock				Capital			Retained			Comprehensive			Shareholders'			Equity — Non-		Shareholders'			Common Stock				Capital			Retained			Comprehensive			Shareholders'			Equity — Non-			Shareholders'
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	Shares		Amount		Surplus			Earnings			Loss			Equity			Redeemable		Equity			Shares		Amount		Surplus			Earnings			Loss			Equity			Redeemable			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018
(after deducting 46,292,384 common treasury shares)		232,171,043	$	232	$	2,111		$	6,597		$	(4,076	)	$	4,864		$	206	$	5,070			232,171,043	$	232	$	2,111		$	6,597		$	(4,076	)	$	4,864		$	206		$	5,070
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)									(61	)					(61	)		17		(44	)									(61	)					(61	)		17			(44	)
Foreign currency translation (net of tax of $2)												30			30					30													30			30						30
Amortization of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses included in total benefit cost (net of tax of $8)												26			26					26													26			26						26
Decrease in net actuarial losses (net of tax of $1)												4			4					4													4			4						4
Deferred derivative gains (net of tax of $0)												5			5					5													5			5						5
Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in income (net of tax of $0)												(3	)		(3	)				(3	)												(3	)		(3	)					(3	)
Other comprehensive income															62			—		62																62						62
Total comprehensive income															1			17		18																1			17			18
Adoption of new accounting standards update									(23	)					(23	)				(23	)									(23	)					(23	)					(23	)
Stock-based compensation plans						4									4					4							4									4						4
Dividends declared									(37	)					(37	)				(37	)									(37	)					(37	)					(37	)
Common stock issued from treasury		299,670				(1	)								(1	)				(1	)		299,670				(1	)								(1	)					(1	)
Balance at March 31, 2019
(after deducting 45,992,714 common treasury shares)		232,470,713	$	232	$	2,114		$	6,476		$	(4,014	)	$	4,808		$	223	$	5,031			232,470,713	$	232	$	2,114		$	6,476		$	(4,014	)	$	4,808		$	223		$	5,031
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)																														54						54			2			56
Foreign currency translation (net of tax of $2)																																	(19	)		(19	)		3			(16	)
Amortization of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses included in total benefit cost (net of tax of $8)																																	26			26						26
Decrease in net actuarial losses (net of tax of $3)																																	9			9						9
Prior service (cost) credit from plan amendments (net of tax of $0)																																	(1	)		(1	)					(1	)
Deferred derivative gains (losses) (net of tax of $0)																																	(1	)		(1	)					(1	)
Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in income (net of tax of ($1))																																	(2	)		(2	)					(2	)
Other comprehensive income																																				12			3			15
Total comprehensive income																																				66			5			71
Stock-based compensation plans																											9									9						9
Dividends declared																														(38	)					(38	)		(4	)		(42	)
Common stock issued from treasury																							50,457	1												1						1
Purchase of minority shares																										1										1			(22	)		(21	)
Balance at June 30, 2019
(after deducting 45,942,257 common treasury shares)																							232,521,170	$	233	$	2,124		$	6,492		$	(4,002	)	$	4,847		$	202		$	5,049

We declared and paid cash dividends of $0.16 and $0.32 per Common Share for the three and six months ended ~~March 31, 2019.~~June 30, 2019, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31,						June 30,
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Income (Loss)	$	(617	)	$	(44	)	$	(1,320	)	$	12
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Depreciation and Amortization		196			193			472			389
Amortization and Write-Off of Debt Issuance Costs		2			4			6			9
Goodwill Impairment (Note 8)		182			—
Goodwill and Other Asset Impairments (Notes 8 and 9)								330			—
Provision for Deferred Income Taxes (Note 5)		235			(23	)		58			(31	)
Net Pension Curtailments and Settlements		2			—			3			—
Net Rationalization Charges (Note 3)		9			103			108			107
Rationalization Payments		(73	)		(18	)		(101	)		(33	)
Net (Gains) Losses on Asset Sales (Note 4)		(1	)		(5	)		2			(6	)
Operating Lease Expense		69			74			142			148
Operating Lease Payments		(66	)		(71	)		(130	)		(134	)
Pension Contributions and Direct Payments		(19	)		(18	)		(33	)		(32	)
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities, Net of Asset Acquisitions and Dispositions:
Accounts Receivable		(206	)		(425	)		36			(445	)
Inventories		(170	)		(93	)		304			(233	)
Accounts Payable — Trade		(106	)		(71	)		(860	)		(55	)
Compensation and Benefits		(57	)		31			(11	)		61
Other Current Liabilities		(30	)		(11	)		29			(37	)
Other Assets and Liabilities		89			10			145			(11	)
Total Cash Flows from Operating Activities		(561	)		(364	)		(820	)		(291	)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital Expenditures		(211	)		(221	)		(363	)		(401	)
Asset Dispositions (Note 4)								—			2
Short Term Securities Acquired		(6	)		(31	)		(30	)		(67	)
Short Term Securities Redeemed		4			31			46			67
Notes Receivable		(35	)		(7	)		(35	)		(7	)
Other Transactions		(9	)		(16	)		(8	)		(13	)
Total Cash Flows from Investing Activities		(257	)		(244	)		(390	)		(419	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Short Term Debt and Overdrafts Incurred		629			571			928			983
Short Term Debt and Overdrafts Paid		(239	)		(485	)		(521	)		(908	)
Long Term Debt Incurred		2,188			1,850			4,886			3,479
Long Term Debt Paid		(1,600	)		(1,223	)		(3,879	)		(2,628	)
Common Stock Issued								—			1
Common Stock Dividends Paid (Note 15)		(37	)		(37	)		(37	)		(74	)
Transactions with Minority Interests in Subsidiaries								—			(25	)
Debt Related Costs and Other Transactions		(2	)		(31	)		(53	)		(17	)
Total Cash Flows from Financing Activities		939			645			1,324			811
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash		(59	)		—			(50	)		6
Net Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash		62			37			64			107
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of the Period		974			873			974			873
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of the Period	$	1,036		$	910		$	1,038		$	980

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company (the “Company,” “Goodyear,” “we,” “us” or “our”) in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and regulations and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") and in the opinion of management contain all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly state the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 Form 10-K”).

We maintain a robust business continuity plan to adequately respond to situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, including a framework for remote work arrangements, in order to effectively maintain operations, including financial reporting systems, internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures.

Effective January 1, 2020, we early adopted, as permitted, SEC amendments to the financial disclosure requirements for registered debt securities with subsidiary guarantees. The amendments replace the condensed consolidating financial information with summarized financial information of the issuers and guarantors, require expanded qualitative disclosures with respect to information about guarantors, the terms and conditions of guarantees and the factors that may affect payment, and permit these disclosures to be provided outside the footnotes to the parent company’s audited annual and interim consolidated financial statements. We have elected to provide this information in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Operating results for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected in subsequent quarters or for the year ending December 31, 2020.

Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted an accounting standards update with new guidance on accounting for credit losses on financial instruments. The new guidance includes an impairment model for estimating credit losses that is based on expected losses, rather than incurred losses. As a result of using the modified retrospective adoption approach, $12 million was recorded as a cumulative effect adjustment to decrease Retained Earnings, with Accounts Receivable decreasing by $15 million and Deferred Income Taxes increasing by $3 million.

The following table presents the balance of allowances for credit losses, which represents our allowance for doubtful accounts associated with accounts receivable, and the changes during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020:

Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted an accounting standards update with new guidance requiring a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to follow existing internal-use software guidance to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset. The adoption of this standards update did not impact our consolidated financial statements.

Effective April 1, 2020, we early adopted, as permitted, an accounting standards update with new guidance that changes the accounting for certain income tax transactions. The adoption of this standards update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ~~(“FASB”)~~ issued an accounting standards update which ~~clarifies the interaction between the~~eliminates differences in practice among fair value accounting for investments in equity securities, equity method investments and certain derivative instruments. The new standard is expected to ~~reduce diversity in practice and~~ increase comparability of the accounting for these ~~interactions.~~items. The standards update is effective prospectively for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We ~~are currently assessing~~do not expect the ~~impact~~adoption of this standards update ~~on our consolidated financial statements.~~

In December 2019, the FASB issued an accounting standards update with new guidance that changes the accounting for certain income tax transactions. The standards update is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update related to separate financial statements of legal entities that are not subject to tax should be applied on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. The amendments related to changes in ownership of foreign equity method investments or foreign subsidiaries should be applied on a modified retrospective basis. The amendments related to franchise taxes that are partially based on income should be applied on either a retrospective basis for all periods presented or a modified retrospective basis. All other amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. The adoption of this accounting standards update is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all legal entities in which we hold a controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest generally arises from our ownership of a majority of the voting shares of our subsidiaries. We would also hold a controlling financial interest in variable interest entities if we are considered to be the primary beneficiary. Investments in companies in which we do not own a majority interest and we have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in other companies are carried at cost. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The following table provides a reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash as reported within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

	March 31,				June 30,
(In millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	971	$	860	$	1,006	$	917
Restricted Cash		65		50		32		63
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	$	1,036	$	910	$	1,038	$	980

Restricted Cash, which is included in Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, primarily represents amounts required to be set aside in connection with accounts receivable factoring programs. The restrictions lapse when cash from factored accounts receivable is remitted to the purchaser of those receivables.

Certain items previously reported in specific financial statement captions have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

The following tables show disaggregated net sales from contracts with customers by major source:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020								Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
			Europe, Middle East								Europe, Middle East
(In millions)	Americas		and Africa		Asia Pacific		Total		Americas		and Africa		Asia Pacific		Total
Tire unit sales	$	1,306	$	904	$	343	$	2,553	$	835	$	595	$	304	$	1,734
Other tire and related sales		142		72		32		246		118		63		14		195
Retail services and service related sales		133		18		12		163		128		17		16		161
Chemical sales		91		—		—		91		49		—		—		49
Other		1		1		1		3		4		1		—		5
Net Sales by reportable segment	$	1,673	$	995	$	388	$	3,056	$	1,134	$	676	$	334	$	2,144

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019								Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
			Europe, Middle East								Europe, Middle East
(In millions)	Americas		and Africa		Asia Pacific		Total		Americas		and Africa		Asia Pacific		Total
Tire unit sales	$	1,487	$	1,120	$	453	$	3,060	$	1,547	$	1,035	$	472	$	3,054
Other tire and related sales		143		91		32		266		168		99		30		297
Retail services and service related sales		132		8		15		155		138		7		17		162
Chemical sales		109		—		—		109		114		—		—		114
Other		5		2		1		8		4		—		1		5
Net Sales by reportable segment	$	1,876	$	1,221	$	501	$	3,598	$	1,971	$	1,141	$	520	$	3,632

Tire unit sales consist of consumer, commercial, farm and off-the-road tire sales, including the sale of new Company-branded tires through Company-owned retail channels. Other tire and related sales consist of aviation, race, motorcycle and all-terrain vehicle tire sales, retread sales and other tire related sales. Sales of tires in this category are not included in reported tire unit information. Retail services and service related sales consist of automotive services performed for customers through our

Company-owned retail channels, and includes service related products. Chemical sales relate to the sale of synthetic rubber and other chemicals to third parties, and exclude intercompany sales. Other sales include items such as franchise fees and ancillary tire parts.

When we receive consideration from a customer prior to transferring goods or services under the terms of a sales contract, we record deferred revenue, which represents a contract liability. Deferred revenue included in Other Current Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets totaled ~~$24~~$26 million and $23 million at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Deferred revenue included in Other Long Term Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets totaled ~~$28~~$26 million and $31 million at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We recognize deferred revenue after we have transferred control of the goods or services to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria are met.

The following table presents the balance of deferred revenue related to contracts with customers, and changes during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020:

(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	54		$	54
Revenue deferred during period		29			53
Revenue recognized during period		(31	)		(55	)
Impact of foreign currency translation		—			—
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	52
Balance at June 30, 2020				$	52

In order to maintain our global competitiveness, we have implemented rationalization actions over the past several years to reduce high-cost and excess manufacturing capacity and associate headcount.

	Associate-									Associate-
(In millions)	Related Costs			Other Costs			Total			Related Costs			Other Costs			Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	220		$	—		$	220		$	220		$	—		$	220
2020 Charges⁽¹⁾		8			5			13			99			8			107
Incurred, net of foreign currency translation of $(4) million and $0 million, respectively		(72	)		(5	)		(77	)
Reversed to the Statement of Operations		—			—			—
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	156		$	—		$	156
Incurred, net of foreign currency translation of ($1) million and $0 million, respectively											(94	)		(8	)		(102	)
Balance at June 30, 2020										$	225		$	—		$	225

On April 17, 2020, we reached a tentative bargaining agreement and subsequently approved a plan to permanently close our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility (“Gadsden”) as part of our strategy to strengthen the competitiveness of our

manufacturing footprint by curtailing production of tires for declining, less profitable segments of the tire market. The plan, which was approved by the membership of the local union on May 1, 2020, will result in approximately 470 job reductions. We have $51 million accrued related to this plan at June 30, 2020, which is expected to be substantially paid through 2021.

During the first quarter of 2019, we approved a plan to modernize 2 of our tire manufacturing facilities in Germany. We have ~~$99~~$96 million accrued related to this plan at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, which is expected to be substantially paid through 2022.

The remainder of the accrual balance at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 is expected to be substantially utilized in the next 12 months and includes ~~$20~~$27 million related to the closed Amiens, France manufacturing facility, $16 million related to plans to reduce manufacturing headcount and improve operating efficiency in Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"), ~~$14~~$13 million related to global plans to reduce Selling, Administrative and General Expense (“SAG”) headcount, $9 million related to a plan primarily to offer voluntary buy-outs to certain associates at ~~our~~ Gadsden ~~Alabama manufacturing facility, $14 million related to global plans to reduce Selling, Administrative and General Expense ("SAG") headcount~~ and $4 million related to a plan to reduce manufacturing headcount and improve operating efficiency in Americas.

The following table shows net rationalization charges included in Income (Loss) before Income Taxes:

	Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	March 31,					June 30,					June 30,
(In millions)	2020			2019		2020		2019			2020			2019
Current Year Plans
Associate Severance and Other Related Costs	$	2		$	98	$	64	$	—		$	66		$	98
Benefit Plan Termination Benefits		—			1		5		—			5			1
Other Exit Costs		—			1		2		3			2			4
Current Year Plans - Net Charges	$	2		$	100	$	71	$	3		$	73		$	103

Prior Year Plans
Associate Severance and Other Related Costs	$	6		$	—	$	27	$	—		$	33		$	—
Benefit Plan Termination Benefits		(4	)		—		—		(1	)		(4	)		(1	)
Other Exit Costs		5			3		1		2			6			5
Prior Year Plans - Net Charges		7			3		28		1			35			4
Total Net Charges	$	9		$	103	$	99	$	4		$	108		$	107
Asset Write-off and Accelerated Depreciation Charges(1)	$	4		$	—	$	86	$	1		$	90		$	1

Substantially all of the new charges for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and 2019 related to future cash outflows. Current year plan charges for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 primarily related to the permanent closure of Gadsden, including a $5 million termination charge for one of our defined benefit pension plans. Net current year plan charges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 ~~include $93~~included $1 million and $94 million, respectively, relatedto a plan to modernize 2 of our tire manufacturing facilities in Germany and $7$2 million and $9 million, respectively, related to a plan to reduce manufacturing headcount and improve operating efficiency in Americas.

Net prior year plan charges for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 ~~were $7~~included $25 million related to additional termination benefits for associates at the closed Amiens, France manufacturing facility. Refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 14, Commitments and Contingent Liabilities. In addition, net prior year plan charges for the six months ended June 30, 2020 included $5$6 million related to a plan to modernize two of our tire manufacturing facilities in Germany and $3$4 million related to a plan primarily to offer voluntary buy-outs to certain associates at ~~our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility.~~Gadsden. Net prior year plan charges for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 also included a curtailment credit of $4 million for ~~one of our~~a postretirement benefit ~~plans,~~plan related to the exit of employees under an approved rationalization plan. Net prior year plan charges for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 ~~were $3 million,~~ primarily related to EMEA manufacturing plans. Net prior year plan charges for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 also included reversals of $2 million for actions no longer needed for their originally intended purposes.

Ongoing rationalization plans had approximately $930 million in charges incurred prior to 2020 and approximately ~~$45~~$100 million is expected to be incurred in future periods.

Approximately 50550 associates will be released under new plans initiated in 2020, of which approximately 400 were released through June 30, 2020. In the first ~~three~~six months of 2020, approximately ~~600~~850 associates were released under plans initiated in prior years. Approximately ~~900~~750 associates remain to be released under all ongoing rationalization plans.

	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31,						June 30,						June 30,
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019			2020			2019
Non-service related pension and other postretirement benefits cost	$	26		$	30		$	25		$	27		$	51		$	57
Financing fees and financial instruments expense		7			8			5			10			12			18
Net foreign currency exchange (gains) losses		(1	)		(7	)		4			(11	)		3			(18	)
General and product liability expense - discontinued products		2			6			2			2			4			8
Royalty income		(5	)		(5	)		(4	)		(5	)		(9	)		(10	)
Net (gains) losses on asset sales		(1	)		(5	)		3			(1	)		2			(6	)
Interest income		(3	)		(3	)		(3	)		(4	)		(6	)		(7	)
Miscellaneous (income) expense		2			(2	)		2			(1	)		4			(3	)
	$	27		$	22		$	34		$	17		$	61		$	39

Non-service related pension and other postretirement benefits cost consists primarily of the interest cost, expected return on plan assets and amortization components of net periodic cost, as well as curtailments and settlements which are not related to rationalization plans. For further information, refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 12, Pension, Savings and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans.

Other (Income) Expense also includes financing fees and financial instruments expense which consists of commitment fees and charges incurred in connection with financing transactions; net foreign currency exchange (gains) and losses; general and product

liability expense - discontinued products, which consists of charges for claims against us related primarily to asbestos personal injury claims, net of probable insurance recoveries; royalty income which is derived primarily from licensing arrangements; net (gains) and losses on asset sales; and interest income.

For the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020, we recorded a tax ~~expense~~benefit of ~~$249~~$186 million on a loss before income taxes of ~~$368~~$889 million. For the first six months of 2020, we recorded tax expense of $63 million on a loss before income taxes of $1,257 million. Income tax expense for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 includes net discrete charges of ~~$290~~$2 million ~~primarily related to~~and $293 million, respectively, including the establishment of a $295 million valuation allowance on deferred tax assets for foreign tax ~~credits.~~

For the second quarter of 2019, we recorded tax expense of $6$26 million on ~~a loss~~income before income taxes of ~~$38~~$82 million. For the first six months of 2019, we recorded tax expense of $32 million on income before income taxes of $44 million. Income tax expense for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 includes net discrete charges of $6 million and $13 million, respectively. Net discrete tax charges include a second quarter charge of $6 million related to adjusting our deferred tax assets in Luxembourg for a change in the tax rate and various first quarter net discrete charges of $7 million.

We record taxes based on overall estimated annual effective tax rates. The difference between our effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate of 21% for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 primarily relates to the discrete items noted above, a first quarter non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $182 million, and forecasted losses for the full year in foreign jurisdictions in which no tax benefits are recorded, which have been accentuated during 2020 by business interruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The difference between our effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate of 21% for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 primarily relates to the discrete items noted above and the overall higher effective tax rate in the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate, partially offset by a benefit from our foreign derived intangible income deduction. For further information regarding the non-cash goodwill impairment charge, refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 8, Goodwill and Intangible Assets.

We consider both positive and negative evidence when measuring the need for a valuation allowance. The weight given to the evidence is commensurate with the extent to which it may be objectively verified. Current and cumulative financial reporting results are a source of objectively verifiable evidence. We give operating results during the most recent three-year period a significant weight in our analysis. We typically only consider forecasts of future profitability when positive cumulative operating results exist in the most recent three-year period. We perform scheduling exercises to determine if sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character exists in the periods required in order to realize our deferred tax assets with limited lives (such as tax loss carryforwards and tax credits) prior to their expiration. We consider tax planning strategies available to accelerate taxable amounts if required to utilize expiring deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is not required to the extent that, in our judgment, positive evidence exists with a magnitude and duration sufficient to result in a conclusion that it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be realized.

negative evidence of reduced profitability as a result of the continuing business disruption created by the COVID-19 pandemic must be considered in our assessment of our ability to realize our net deferred tax assets. While the disruption to our business is ~~currently~~ expected to be temporary, there is considerable uncertainty around the extent and duration of that ~~disruption. If our profitability deteriorates enough that our future results for~~disruption and we are currently expecting to incur a ~~three-year period are no longer positive,~~significant U.S. tax loss during the second half of 2020 as a result. Depending upon the magnitude of this loss as well as the continuing duration of pandemic-related disruptions and the timing of the subsequent recovery, a valuation allowance may be required against all of our U.S. net deferred tax ~~assets.~~assets in a future period.

At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our U.S. deferred tax assets included approximately $118 million and $403 million of foreign tax credits, net of valuation allowances of $298 million and $3 million, respectively, generated primarily from the receipt of foreign dividends. During the first quarter of 2020, we established ~~an additional~~a valuation allowance of $295 million against substantially all of these foreign tax credits with expiration dates through 2025. Due to the sudden and sharp decline in industry demand and the temporary suspension of production at our U.S. manufacturing facilities as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we ~~are expecting~~expect to incur a significant U.S. tax loss for 2020. As loss carry-forwards must be utilized prior to foreign tax credits in offsetting future income for tax purposes, we ~~have now~~ concluded that it iswas no longer more likely than not that we will be able to utilize these foreign tax credits prior to their expiration. Our earnings and forecasts of future profitability along with three significant sources of foreign income provide us sufficient positive evidence that we will be able to utilize our remaining foreign tax credits ~~of $108 million~~ that expire between 2025 and ~~2028.~~2030. Our sources of foreign income are (1) 100% of our domestic profitability can be re-characterized as foreign source income under current U.S. tax law to the extent domestic losses have offset foreign source income in prior years, (2) annual net foreign source income, exclusive of dividends, primarily from royalties, and (3) tax planning strategies, including capitalizing research and development costs, accelerating income on cross border sales of inventory or raw materials to our subsidiaries and reducing U.S. interest expense by, for example, reducing intercompany loans through repatriating current year earnings of foreign subsidiaries, all of which would increase our domestic profitability.

We consider our current forecasts of future profitability in assessing our ability to realize our deferred tax assets, including our foreign tax credits. These forecasts include the impact of recent trends, including various macroeconomic factors such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, on our profitability, as well as the impact of tax planning strategies. Macroeconomic factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, possess a high degree of volatility and can significantly impact our profitability. As such, there is a risk that future earnings will not be sufficient to fully utilize our U.S. net deferred tax assets, including our remaining foreign tax credits. However, we believe our forecasts of future profitability along with the three significant sources of foreign income described above provide us sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely

than not that, at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, our U.S. net deferred tax assets, including our foreign tax credits, net of valuation allowances, will be fully utilized.

At ~~March~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2019, we had approximately $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion of foreign deferred tax assets and a valuation ~~allowance~~allowances of ~~$939 million.~~$993 million and $969 million, respectively. Our losses in various foreign taxing jurisdictions in recent periods represented sufficient negative evidence to require us to maintain a full valuation allowance against certain of ~~our~~these net foreign deferred tax assets. InMost notably, in Luxembourg, we maintain a valuation allowance of approximately ~~$850~~$893 million on all of our net deferred tax assets. Each reporting period, we assess available positive and negative evidence and estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to utilize these existing deferred tax assets. We do not believe that sufficient positive evidence required to release valuation allowances having a significant impact on our financial position or results of operations will exist within the next twelve months.

For the ~~three~~six months ending ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, changes to our unrecognized tax benefits did not, and for the full year of 2020 are not expected to, have a significant impact on our financial position or results of operations.

On March 27, 2020, the President signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), a substantial tax and spending package intended to provide economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act allows corporations with net operating losses generated in 2018, 2019 and 2020 to elect to carryback those losses for a period of five years and relaxes the limitation for business interest deductions for 2019 and 2020. We do not anticipate that these provisions will have a material impact on our operating results. We will, however, benefit from a CARES Act provision that accelerates the ability of corporations to claim a refund of alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards. Under this provision, we anticipate receiving a refund of approximately $5 million during the ~~second~~third quarter of 2020 that would otherwise have been received in 2 equal annual installments in 2021 and 2022.

We are open to examination in the United States for 2019 and in Germany from 2016 onward. Generally, for our remaining tax jurisdictions, years from 2014 onward are still open to examination.

Basic earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share are calculated to reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts were exercised or converted into common stock.

	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	March 31,						June 30,					June 30,
(In millions, except per share amounts)	2020			2019			2020			2019		2020			2019
Earnings (loss) per share — basic:
Goodyear net income (loss)	$	(619	)	$	(61	)	$	(696	)	$	54	$	(1,315	)	$	(7	)
Weighted average shares outstanding		234			232			234			233		234			232
Earnings (loss) per common share — basic	$	(2.65	)	$	(0.26	)	$	(2.97	)	$	0.23	$	(5.62	)	$	(0.03	)

Earnings (loss) per share — diluted:
Goodyear net income (loss)	$	(619	)	$	(61	)	$	(696	)	$	54	$	(1,315	)	$	(7	)
Weighted average shares outstanding		234			232			234			233		234			232
Dilutive effect of stock options and other dilutive securities		—			—			—			1		—			—
Weighted average shares outstanding — diluted		234			232			234			234		234			232
Earnings (loss) per common share — diluted	$	(2.65	)	$	(0.26	)	$	(2.97	)	$	0.23	$	(5.62	)	$	(0.03	)

Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 excludes the dilutive effect of approximately 32 million equivalent shares related primarily to options with exercise prices less than the average market price of our common shares (i.e., “in-the-money” options) as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive due to the Goodyear net loss. There were 0 in-the-money options at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020. Additionally, weighted average shares outstanding -– diluted for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 ~~and 2019 exclude~~excludes approximately 9 million ~~and 2 million~~ equivalent shares ~~respectively,~~ related to options with exercise prices greater than the average market price of our common shares (i.e., "underwater" options). There were approximately 2 million equivalent shares related to underwater options for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.

	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	March 31,						June 30,					June 30,
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019		2020			2019
Sales:
Americas	$	1,673		$	1,876		$	1,134		$	1,971	$	2,807		$	3,847
Europe, Middle East and Africa		995			1,221			676			1,141		1,671			2,362
Asia Pacific		388			501			334			520		722			1,021
Net Sales	$	3,056		$	3,598		$	2,144		$	3,632	$	5,200		$	7,230
Segment Operating Income (Loss):
Americas	$	—		$	89		$	(287	)	$	134	$	(287	)	$	223
Europe, Middle East and Africa		(53	)		54			(110	)		44		(163	)		98
Asia Pacific		6			47			(34	)		41		(28	)		88
Total Segment Operating Income (Loss)	$	(47	)	$	190		$	(431	)	$	219	$	(478	)	$	409
Less:
Goodwill impairment (Note 8)	$	182		$	—
Goodwill and Other Asset Impairments (Notes 8 and 9)							$	148		$	—	$	330		$	—
Rationalizations (Note 3)		9			103			99			4		108			107
Interest expense		73			85			85			88		158			173
Other (income) expense (Note 4)		27			22			34			17		61			39
Asset write-offs and accelerated depreciation		4			—
Asset write-offs and accelerated depreciation (Note 3)								86			1		90			1
Corporate incentive compensation plans								7			14		10			15
Retained expenses of divested operations		2			3			1			3		3			6
Other		24			15			(2	)		10		19			24
Income (Loss) before Income Taxes	$	(368	)	$	(38	)	$	(889	)	$	82	$	(1,257	)	$	44

Goodwill and other asset impairments, as described in Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 8, Goodwill and Intangible ~~Assets;~~Assets, and Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 9, Other Assets and Investments; rationalizations, as described in Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 3, Costs Associated with Rationalization Programs; net (gains) losses on asset sales, as described in Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 4, Other (Income) Expense; and asset write-offs and accelerated depreciation were not charged to the strategic business units ("SBUs") for performance evaluation purposes but were attributable to the SBUs as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	March 31,						June 30,					June 30,
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020		2019			2020		2019
Goodwill Impairment:
Goodwill and Other Asset Impairments:
Americas							$	148	$	—		$	148	$	—
Europe, Middle East and Africa	$	182		$	—			—		—			182		—
Total Goodwill Impairment	$	182		$	—
Total Goodwill and Other Asset Impairments							$	148	$	—		$	330	$	—

Rationalizations:
Americas	$	3		$	7		$	69	$	2		$	72	$	9
Europe, Middle East and Africa		6			96			30		2			36		98
Total Rationalizations	$	9		$	103		$	99	$	4		$	108	$	107

Net (Gains) Losses on Asset Sales:
Europe, Middle East and Africa	$	(1	)	$	(5	)	$	3	$	(1	)	$	2	$	(6	)
Total Net (Gains) Losses on Asset Sales	$	(1	)	$	(5	)	$	3	$	(1	)	$	2	$	(6	)

Asset Write-offs and Accelerated Depreciation:
Americas	$	4		$	—		$	86	$	—		$	89	$	—
Europe, Middle East and Africa								—		1			1		1
Total Asset Write-offs and Accelerated Depreciation	$	4		$	—		$	86	$	1		$	90	$	1

Goodwill and intangible assets totaled ~~$369~~$383 million and $135 million, respectively, at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, compared to $565 million and $137 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually either on a quantitative or qualitative basis, or more frequently when events or circumstances change that indicate the fair value of the asset may be below its carrying amount. As a result of the continuing COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting decline in the macroeconomic environment, as well as a significant decrease in our market capitalization, we performed ana quantitative interim impairment analysis as of March 31, 2020 utilizing a discounted cash flow model.

At June 30, 2020, the goodwill associated with reporting units in our EMEA, Americas and Asia Pacific segments was $229 million, $91 million and $63 million, respectively.

During the first quarter of 2020, based on the results of our quantitative interim impairment analysis, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $182 million related to our EMEA reporting unit. The most critical assumptions used in the calculation of the estimated fair value of our reporting units ~~are~~were the extent and duration of, as well as the timing of the recovery from, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the projected long term operating margin and the discount rate. Since the date of our ~~last~~previous annual quantitative goodwill impairment assessment, the overall discount rate had increased, reflecting an increase in the risk premium components of the rate partially offset by a decrease in the risk-free interest rate component as a result of the ~~current~~ macroeconomic environment. ~~Based on our current forecasts,~~Also, we ~~also~~ gave consideration to the expected near-term negative cash flow impact of the ~~ongoing~~ COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recovery, based on our forecasts at that time, as well as ~~the~~a decrease in our market capitalization. ~~Based on the results of our interim quantitative assessment, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $182 million for the EMEA reporting unit during~~

Since the first quarter of 2020, ~~to reduce~~our forecasts as well as our market capitalization have both improved. Thus, we concluded, on a qualitative basis, that it was not more likely than not that the ~~recorded balance~~carrying values of the EMEA reporting unit’s goodwill from $400 million to $218 million. As a result of this partial impairment, the fair value of the EMEA reporting unit now approximates its carrying value. As of March 31, 2020, the goodwill associated withour reporting units ~~in our Americas and Asia Pacific segments was $91 million and $60 million, respectively. If~~were less than their fair values during the second quarter of 2020. Nonetheless, if we make future adverse revisions to our significant assumptions, including as a result of business performance or market conditions, or if our market capitalization declines ~~further~~ and if such a decline becomes indicative that the fair value of our reporting units has declined below their carrying values, we may need to record a material, non-cash goodwill impairment charge in a future period.

Intangible assets with indefinite lives totaled $118 million at both ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We also conducted ana qualitative assessment of our intangible assets with indefinite lives as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, which indicated no impairment existed.

The ~~balance~~carrying value of our investment in TireHub, LLC (“TireHub”), a distribution joint venture in the ~~United States,~~U.S., was ~~$252~~$88 million and $262 million at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and was included in Other Assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, we have an outstanding loan receivable from TireHub of $36 million at June 30, 2020 which is also included in Other Assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Our investment in TireHub is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and, as such, includes our 50% share of the net losses of TireHub, which totaled ~~$12~~$14 million and ~~$10~~ $26 million for the ~~first quarter of~~three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and $15 million and $25 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

We regularly review our investment in TireHub for potential ~~impairment. Based on~~impairment and will recognize an impairment charge if the estimated fair value of our ~~assessment~~investment declines below its recorded amount and such decline is determined to be other-than-temporary. The most critical assumptions used in our discounted cash flow model for estimating the ~~first~~fair value of our investment during the second quarter of 2020 were forecasted tire unit volume for TireHub, including the extent and duration of, as well as the timing of the recovery from, the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the discount rate.

Our TireHub joint venture was initially formed during the second quarter of 2018 and, as previously disclosed, its net losses included higher than expected start-up expenses and additional costs incurred to build out TireHub’s distribution footprint for future growth. These additional costs as well as TireHub’s net losses were expected to moderate in 2020. However, higher than expected net losses for TireHub continued into 2020, driven by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The severe macroeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic that began in the U.S. in March 2020 persisted during the second quarter of 2020, driving significant net losses for TireHub during the first half of the year. As a result, we evaluated our investment and concluded that ~~any~~there has now been an other-than-temporary decline in the fair value of our investment. We conducted an impairment assessment and estimated the fair value of our investment ~~in TireHub~~utilizing current forecasts of TireHub’s tire unit volume, revised expectations as to the extent and duration of, as well as the timing of the recovery from, the COVID-19 pandemic and an updated discount rate reflective of current market conditions. As a result, during the second quarter of 2020, we recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $148 million.

There remains a high degree of uncertainty as to the extent and duration of, and timing of the subsequent recovery from, the COVID-19 pandemic. If we make future adverse revisions to these or our other significant assumptions, including as a result of ~~current trends and factors is temporary in nature. As such,~~business performance or market conditions, we ~~did not adjust the balance recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2020. However, if the current economic environment persists,~~may need to record an ~~other-than-temporary decline in fair value could develop, necessitating the need for a future~~additional material, non-cash impairment ~~charge.~~charge in a future period.

Other Assets at June 30, 2020 included a $30 million trade receivable from a customer that was refinanced into a collateral-backed note receivable in the second quarter of 2020.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had total credit arrangements of ~~$8,618~~$9,751 million, of which ~~$2,278~~$2,938 million were unused. At that date, ~~41%~~30% of our debt was at variable interest rates averaging ~~3.41%~~3.03%.

Notes Payable and Overdrafts, Long Term Debt and Finance Leases due Within One Year and Short Term Financing Arrangements

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had short term committed and uncommitted credit arrangements totaling ~~$869~~$965 million, of which ~~$169~~$236 million were unused. These arrangements are available primarily to certain of our foreign subsidiaries through various banks at quoted market interest rates.

	March 31,			December 31,			June 30,			December 31,
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Chinese credit facilities	$	174		$	118		$	253		$	118
Other domestic and foreign debt		517			230			459			230
Notes Payable and Overdrafts	$	691		$	348		$	712		$	348
Weighted average interest rate		5.27	%		4.92	%		4.73	%		4.92	%

Chinese credit facilities	$	93		$	95		$	40		$	95
8.75% note due 2020		281			280
8.75% due 2020								282			280
Other domestic and foreign debt (including finance leases)		247			187			259			187
Long Term Debt and Finance Leases due Within One Year	$	621		$	562		$	581		$	562
Weighted average interest rate		5.98	%		6.58	%		5.88	%		6.58	%
Total obligations due within one year	$	1,312		$	910		$	1,293		$	910

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had long term credit arrangements totaling ~~$7,749~~$8,786 million, of which ~~$2,109~~$2,702 million were unused.

The following table presents long term debt and finance leases, net of unamortized discounts, and interest rates:

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019						June 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
				Interest						Interest						Interest						Interest
(In millions)	Amount			Rate			Amount			Rate			Amount			Rate			Amount			Rate
Notes:
8.75% due 2020	$	281					$	280					$	282					$	280
5.125% due 2023		1,000						1,000						1,000						1,000
3.75% Euro Notes due 2023		274						281						280						281
9.5% due 2025														803						—
5% due 2026		900						900						900						900
4.875% due 2027		700						700						700						700
7% due 2028		150						150						150						150
Credit Facilities:
First lien revolving credit facility due 2021		420			1.92	%		—			—
First lien revolving credit facility due 2025														—			—			—			—
Second lien term loan facility due 2025		400			3.20	%		400			3.97	%		400			2.20	%		400			3.97	%
European revolving credit facility due 2024		66			1.50	%		—			—			135			1.59	%		—			—
Pan-European accounts receivable facility		166			1.10	%		327			0.98	%		157			1.05	%		327			0.98	%
Mexican credit facility		200			3.41	%		200			3.44	%		200			2.53	%		200			3.44	%
Chinese credit facilities		188			4.62	%		195			4.87	%		194			4.62	%		195			4.87	%
Other foreign and domestic debt⁽¹⁾		868			2.98	%		661			4.02	%		857			2.61	%		661			4.02	%
		5,613						5,094						6,058						5,094
Unamortized deferred financing fees		(27	)					(28	)					(35	)					(28	)
		5,586						5,066						6,023						5,066
Finance lease obligations⁽²⁾		247						249						246						249
		5,833						5,315						6,269						5,315
Less portion due within one year		(621	)					(562	)					(581	)					(562	)
	$	5,212					$	4,753					$	5,688					$	4,753

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had ~~$3,305~~$4,115 million of outstanding notes, compared to $3,311 million at December 31, 2019.

On May 18, 2020, we issued $600 million in aggregate principal amount of 9.5% senior notes due 2025. These notes were sold at 100% of the principal amountand will mature on May 31, 2025. On May 22, 2020, we issued $200 million in aggregate principal amount of additional notes, which were sold at 101.75% of the principal amount at an effective yield of 9.056%. These notes are

unsecured senior obligations and are guaranteed by our U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries that also guarantee our obligations under our U.S. senior secured credit facilities described below.

We have the option to redeem these notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after May 31, 2022 at a redemption price of 104.75%, 102.375% and 100% during the 12-month periods commencing on May 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 and thereafter, respectively, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. Prior to May 31, 2022, we may redeem these notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a make-whole premium and accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. In addition, prior to May 31, 2022, we may redeem up to 35% of the original aggregate principal amount of these notes from the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 109.5% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.

The terms of the indenture for these notes, among other things, limit the ability of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to (i) incur additional debt or issue redeemable preferred stock, (ii) pay dividends, repurchase shares or make certain other restricted payments or investments, (iii) incur liens, (iv) sell assets, (v) incur restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or to make other payments to us, (vi) enter into affiliate transactions, (vii) engage in sale and leaseback transactions, and (viii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. These covenants are subject to significant exceptions and qualifications. For example, if these notes are assigned an investment grade rating by at least two of Moody's, Standard and Poor's and Fitch and no default has occurred and is continuing, certain covenants will be suspended and we may elect to suspend the subsidiary guarantees. The indenture has customary defaults, including a cross-default to material indebtedness of Goodyear and our subsidiaries.

$2.0 billion Amended and Restated First Lien Revolving Credit Facility due ~~2021~~2025

Our amended and restated first lien revolving credit facility is available in the form of loans or letters of credit, with letter of credit availability limited to $800 million. Subject to the consent of the lenders whose commitments are to be increased, we may request that the facility be increased by up to $250 million. Our obligations under the facility are guaranteed by most of our wholly-owned U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries. Our obligations under the facility and our subsidiaries' obligations under the

related guarantees are secured by first priority security interests in a variety of collateral. During the quarter ended March 31, 2020, amounts drawn under this facility bore interest at LIBOR plus 125 basis points, and undrawn amounts under the facility were subject to an annual commitment fee of 30 basis points.

Availability under the facility is subject to a borrowing base, which was based primarily on (i) eligible accounts receivable and inventory of The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company and certain of its U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries, (ii) the value of our principal trademarks, and (iii) certain cash in an amount not to exceed $200 million. To the extent that our eligible accounts receivable and inventory and other components of the borrowing base decline in value, our borrowing base will decrease and the availability under the facility may decrease below $2.0 billion. As of March 31, 2020, our borrowing base, and therefore our availability, under this facility was $501 million below the facility's stated amount of $2.0 billion.

At March 31, 2020, we had $420 million of borrowings and $17 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2019, we had 0 borrowings and $37 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility.

On April 9, 2020, we amended and restated ~~the~~our $2.0 billion first lien revolving credit facility. Changes to the facility include extending the maturity to April 9, 2025 and increasing the borrowing base for the facility by increasing the amount attributable to the value of our principal trademarks by $100 million and adding the value of eligible machinery and equipment. The interest rate for loans under the facility increased by 50 basis points to LIBOR plus 175 basis points, based on our current liquidity as described below, and undrawn amounts under the facility will be subject to an annual commitment fee of 25 basis points.

Our amended and restated first lien revolving credit facility is available in the form of loans or letters of credit. Up to $800 million in letters of credit and $50 million of swingline loans are available for issuance under the facility. Subject to the consent of the lenders whose commitments are to be increased, we may request that the facility be increased by up to $250 million. Our obligations under the facility are guaranteed by most of our wholly-owned U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries. Our obligations under the facility and our subsidiaries' obligations under the related guarantees are secured by first priority security interests in a variety of collateral.

Availability under the facility is subject to a borrowing base, which is based on (i) eligible accounts receivable and inventory of The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company and certain of its U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries, (ii) the value of our principal trademarks in an amount not to exceed $400 million, (iii) the value of eligible machinery and equipment, and (iv) certain cash in an amount not to exceed $200 million. To the extent that our eligible accounts receivable and inventory and other components of the borrowing base decline in value, our borrowing base will decrease and the availability under the facility may decrease below $2.0 billion. As of June 30, 2020, our borrowing base, and therefore our availability, under this facility was $331 million below the facility's stated amount of $2.0 billion.

The facility has customary representations and warranties including, as a condition to borrowing, that all such representations and warranties are true and correct, in all material respects, on the date of the borrowing, including representations as to no material adverse change in our business or financial condition since December 31, 2019. The facility also has customary defaults, including a cross-default to material indebtedness of Goodyear and our subsidiaries.

If Available Cash (as defined in the facility) plus the availability under the facility is greater than $750 million, amounts drawn under the facility will bear interest, at our option, at (i) 175 basis points over LIBOR or (ii) 75 basis points over an alternative base rate (the higher of (a) the prime rate, (b) the federal funds effective rate or the overnight bank funding rate plus 50 basis points or (c) LIBOR plus 100 basis points). If Available Cash plus the availability under the facility is equal to or less than $750 million, then amounts drawn under the facility will bear interest, at our option, at (i) 200 basis points over LIBOR or (ii) 100 basis points over an alternative base rate.

At June 30, 2020, we had 0borrowings and $17 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2019, we had 0 borrowings and $37 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility.

Our amended and restated second lien term loan facility matures on March 7, 2025. The term loan bears interest, at our option, at (i) 200 basis points over LIBOR or (ii) 100 basis points over an alternative base rate (the higher of (a) the prime rate, (b) the federal funds effective rate or the overnight bank funding rate plus 50 basis points or (c) LIBOR plus 100 basis points). In addition, if the Total Leverage Ratio is equal to or less than 1.25 to 1.00, we have the option to further reduce the spreads described above by 25 basis points. "Total Leverage Ratio" has the meaning given it in the facility.

Our obligations under our second lien term loan facility are guaranteed by most of our wholly-owned U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries and are secured by second priority security interests in the same collateral securing the $2.0 billion first lien revolving credit facility.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the amounts outstanding under this facility were $400 million.

€800 million Amended and Restated Senior Secured European Revolving Credit Facility due 2024

Our amended and restated European revolving credit facility consists of (i) a €180 million German tranche that is available only to Goodyear Dunlop Tires Germany GmbH (“GDTG”) and (ii) a €620 million all-borrower tranche that is available to Goodyear Europe B.V. (“GEBV”), GDTG and Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations S.A. Up to €175 million of swingline loans and €75 million in letters of credit are available for issuance under the all-borrower tranche. Amounts drawn under this facility will bear interest at LIBOR plus 150 basis points for loans denominated in U.S. dollars or pounds sterling and EURIBOR plus 150 basis points for loans denominated in euros, and undrawn amounts under the facility are subject to an annual commitment fee of 25 basis points.

GEBV and certain of its subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Luxembourg, France and Germany provide guarantees to support the facility. The German guarantors secure the German tranche on a first-lien basis and the all-borrower tranche on a second-lien basis. GEBV and its other subsidiaries that provide guarantees secure the all-borrower tranche on a first-lien basis and generally do not provide collateral support for the German tranche. The Company and its U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries that guarantee our U.S. senior secured credit facilities described above also provide unsecured guarantees in support of the facility.

The facility has customary representations and warranties including, as a condition to borrowing, that all such representations and warranties are true and correct, in all material respects, on the date of the borrowing, including representations as to no material adverse change in our business or financial condition since December 31, 2018. The facility also has customary defaults, including a cross-default to material indebtedness of Goodyear and our subsidiaries.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, there were 0 of borrowings outstanding under the German tranche, ~~$66~~$135 million (€60120 million) of borrowings outstanding under the all-borrower tranche and no letters of credit outstanding under the European revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2019, there were 0 borrowings and no letters of credit outstanding under the European revolving credit facility.

available under the facility in an amount of not less than €30 million and not more than €450 million. For the period from October 18, 2018 through October 15, 2020, the designated maximum amount of the facility is €320 million.

The facility involves the ongoing daily sale of substantially all of the trade accounts receivable of certain GEBV subsidiaries. These subsidiaries retain servicing responsibilities. Utilization under this facility is based on eligible receivable balances.

The funding commitments under the facility will expire upon the earliest to occur of: (a) September 26, 2023, (b) the non-renewal and expiration (without substitution) of all of the back-up liquidity commitments, (c) the early termination of the facility according to its terms (generally upon an Early Amortisation Event (as defined in the facility), which includes, among other things, events similar to the events of default under our senior secured credit facilities; certain tax law changes; or certain changes to law, regulation or accounting standards), or (d) our request for early termination of the facility. The facility’s current back-up liquidity commitments will expire on October 15, 2020.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, the amounts available and utilized under this program totaled ~~$166~~$157 million (€~~151~~140 million). At December 31, 2019, the amounts available and utilized under this program totaled $327 million (€291 million). The program does not qualify for sale accounting, and accordingly, these amounts are included in Long Term Debt and Finance Leases.

For a description of the collateral securing the credit facilities described above as well as the covenants applicable to them, refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 15, Financing Arrangements and Derivative Financial Instruments, in our 2019 Form 10-K.

We have sold certain of our trade receivables under off-balance sheet programs. For these programs, we have concluded that there is generally no risk of loss to us from non-payment of the sold receivables. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, the gross amount of receivables sold was ~~$460~~$349 million, compared to $548 million at December 31, 2019.

A Mexican subsidiary and a U.S. subsidiary have a revolving credit facility in Mexico. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the amounts available and utilized under this facility were $200 million. The facility ultimately matures in 2022, has covenants relating to the Mexican and U.S. subsidiary, and has customary representations and warranties and default provisions relating to the Mexican and U.S. subsidiary’s ability to perform its respective obligations under the facility.

A Chinese subsidiary has several financing arrangements in China. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the amounts available under these facilities were ~~$723~~$825 million and $735 million, respectively. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, the amount utilized under these facilities was ~~$362~~$447 million, of which ~~$174~~$253 million represented notes payable and ~~$188~~$194 million represented long term debt. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, ~~$93~~$40 million of the long term debt was due within a year. At December 31, 2019, the amount utilized under these facilities was $313 million, of which $118 million represented notes payable and $195 million represented long term debt. At December 31, 2019, $95 million of the long term debt was due within a year. The facilities contain covenants relating to the Chinese subsidiary and have customary representations and warranties and defaults relating to the Chinese subsidiary’s ability to perform its obligations under the facilities. Certain of the facilities can only be used to finance the expansion of our manufacturing facility in China and, at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the unused amounts available under these facilities were $107 million and $106 million, respectively.

We utilize derivative financial instrument contracts and nonderivative instruments to manage interest rate, foreign exchange and commodity price risks. We have established a control environment that includes policies and procedures for risk assessment and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial instrument activities. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

We enter into foreign currency contracts in order to manage the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on our consolidated results of operations and future foreign currency-denominated cash flows. These contracts may be used to reduce exposure to currency movements affecting existing foreign currency-denominated assets, liabilities, firm commitments and forecasted transactions resulting primarily from trade purchases and sales, equipment acquisitions, intercompany loans and royalty agreements. Contracts hedging short term trade receivables and payables normally have no hedging designation.

The following table presents the fair values for foreign currency hedge contracts that do not meet the criteria to be accounted for as cash flow hedging instruments:

	March 31,			December 31,			June 30,			December 31,
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Fair Values — Current asset (liability):
Accounts receivable	$	30		$	1		$	6		$	1
Other current liabilities		(8	)		(15	)		(20	)		(15	)

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, these outstanding foreign currency derivatives had notional amounts of ~~$2,104~~$2,096 million and $1,707 million, respectively, and were primarily related to intercompany loans. Other (Income) Expense included net transaction ~~gains~~losses on derivatives of ~~$39~~$41 million and ~~$15~~$3 million for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, respectively. Other (Income) Expense included transaction losses on derivatives of $6 million and net transaction gains of $9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. These amounts were substantially offset in Other (Income) Expense by the effect of changing exchange rates on the underlying currency exposures.

The following table presents the fair values for foreign currency hedge contracts that meet the criteria to be accounted for as cash flow hedging instruments:

	March 31,		December 31,			June 30,			December 31,
(In millions)	2020		2019			2020			2019
Fair Values — Current asset (liability):
Accounts receivable	$	20	$	9		$	—		$	9
Other current liabilities		—		(3	)		(2	)		(3	)
Fair Values — Long term asset (liability):
Other assets	$	4	$	1		$	—		$	1
Other long term liabilities		—		(1	)		—			(1	)

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, these outstanding foreign currency derivatives had notional amounts of ~~$342~~$46 million and $365 million, respectively, and primarily related to U.S. dollar denominated intercompany transactions. Based on our current forecasts, including the expected impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe that it is probable that the underlying hedge transactions will occur within an appropriate time frame in order to continue to qualify for cash flow hedge accounting treatment.

We enter into master netting agreements with counterparties. The amounts eligible for offset under the master netting agreements are not material and we have elected a gross presentation of foreign currency contracts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table presents the classification of changes in fair values of foreign currency hedge contracts that meet the criteria to be accounted for as cash flow hedging instruments (before tax and minority):

The estimated net amount of deferred gains at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 that are expected to be reclassified to earnings within the next twelve months is ~~$16~~$11 million.

The counterparties to our foreign currency contracts were considered by us to be substantial and creditworthy financial institutions that were recognized market makers at the time we entered into those contracts. We seek to control our credit exposure to these counterparties by diversifying across multiple counterparties, by setting counterparty credit limits based on long term credit ratings and other indicators of counterparty credit risk such as credit default swap spreads, and by monitoring the financial strength of these counterparties on a regular basis. We also enter into master netting agreements with counterparties when possible. By controlling and monitoring exposure to counterparties in this manner, we believe that we effectively manage the risk of loss due to nonperformance by a counterparty. However, the inability of a counterparty to fulfill its contractual obligations to us could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, financial position or results of operations in the period in which it occurs.

The following table presents information about assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	Total Carrying Value in the Consolidated Balance Sheet				Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1)				Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)				Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)				Total Carrying Value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets				Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1)				Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)				Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019
Assets:
Investments	$	9	$	11	$	9	$	11	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10	$	11	$	10	$	11	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Foreign Exchange Contracts		54		11		—		—		54		11		—		—		6		11		—		—		6		11		—		—
Total Assets at Fair Value	$	63	$	22	$	9	$	11	$	54	$	11	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	22	$	10	$	11	$	6	$	11	$	—	$	—

Liabilities:
Foreign Exchange Contracts	$	8	$	19	$	—	$	—	$	8	$	19	$	—	$	—	$	22	$	19	$	—	$	—	$	22	$	19	$	—	$	—
Total Liabilities at Fair Value	$	8	$	19	$	—	$	—	$	8	$	19	$	—	$	—	$	22	$	19	$	—	$	—	$	22	$	19	$	—	$	—

The following table presents supplemental fair value information about long term fixed rate and variable rate debt, excluding finance leases, at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	March 31,		December 31,		June 30,		December 31,
(In millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Fixed Rate Debt:⁽¹⁾
Carrying amount — liability	$	3,436	$	3,434	$	4,299	$	3,434
Fair value — liability		3,111		3,558		4,196		3,558

Variable Rate Debt:⁽¹⁾
Carrying amount — liability	$	2,150	$	1,632	$	1,724	$	1,632
Fair value — liability		1,889		1,632		1,626		1,632

Long term debt with fair values of ~~$3,300~~$4,364 million and $3,808 million at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, were estimated using quoted Level 1 market prices. The carrying value of the remaining debt was based upon internal estimates of fair value derived from market prices for similar debt.

We provide employees with defined benefit pension or defined contribution savings plans.

	U.S.						U.S.						U.S.
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31,						June 30,						June 30,
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019			2020			2019
Service cost	$	1		$	1		$	1		$	1		$	2		$	2
Interest cost		33			44			32			42			65			86
Expected return on plan assets		(49	)		(56	)		(48	)		(55	)		(97	)		(111	)
Amortization of net losses		27			28			28			28			55			56
Net periodic pension cost	$	12		$	17		$	13		$	16		$	25		$	33
Net curtailments/settlements/termination benefits		1			—			6			—			7			—
Total defined benefit pension cost	$	13		$	17		$	19		$	16		$	32		$	33

	Non-U.S.						Non-U.S.						Non-U.S.
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31,						June 30,						June 30,
(In millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019			2020			2019
Service cost	$	7		$	7		$	7		$	7		$	14		$	14
Interest cost		14			18			14			17			28			35
Expected return on plan assets		(14	)		(15	)		(13	)		(15	)		(27	)		(30	)
Amortization of prior service cost		1			—			—			1			1			1
Amortization of net losses		10			7			9			7			19			14
Net periodic pension cost	$	18		$	17		$	17		$	17		$	35		$	34
Net curtailments/settlements/termination benefits		1			1			—			(1	)		1			—
Total defined benefit pension cost	$	19		$	18		$	17		$	16		$	36		$	34

Service cost is recorded in CGS or SAG. Other components of net periodic pension cost are recorded in Other (Income) Expense. Net curtailments, settlements and termination benefits are recorded in Other (Income) Expense or Rationalizations if related to a rationalization plan.

For the second quarter and first six months of 2020, pension settlement charges of $1 million and $3 million, respectively, were recorded in Other (Income) Expense and a pension termination benefits charge of $5 million was recorded in Rationalizations, related to the exit of employees under an approved rationalization plan.

We also provide certain U.S. employees and employees at certain non-U.S. subsidiaries with health care benefits or life insurance benefits upon retirement. Other postretirement benefits expense (credit) ~~expense~~ for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and 2019 was ~~($3)~~$2 million and ~~included the curtailment credit of ($4)~~$1 million, ~~discussed below.~~respectively. Other postretirement benefits expense (credit) ~~expense~~ for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31, 2019~~ June 30, 2020

~~During the first quarter of 2020, we recognized settlement charges of $2~~($1) million ~~for defined benefit pension plans in Other (Income) Expense~~ and included a curtailment credit of ~~($4)~~$4 million ~~for one of our non-U.S. other postretirement benefit plans in Rationalizations,~~ related to the exit of employees under an approved rationalization plan. Other postretirement benefits expense (credit) for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $3 million.

We expect to contribute approximately $25 million ~~to $50 million~~ to our funded non-U.S. pension plans in 2020. For the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we contributed $7$4 million and $11 million, respectively, to our non-U.S. plans.

The expense recognized for our contributions to defined contribution savings plans for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and 2019 was ~~$30~~$20 million and $28 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $50 million and $56 million, respectively.

Our Board of Directors granted 4.2 million stock options, ~~0.3~~0.4 million restricted stock units and 0.2 million performance share units during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 under our stock compensation plans. The weighted average exercise price per share and weighted average fair value per share of the stock option grants during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 were $10.12 and $1.97, respectively. We estimated the fair value of the stock options using the following assumptions in our Black-Scholes model:

We measure the fair value of grants of restricted stock units and performance share units based primarily on the closing market price of a share of our common stock on the date of the grant, modified as appropriate to take into account the features of such grants. The weighted average fair value per share was ~~$10.12~~$9.48 for restricted stock units and $7.80 for performance share units granted during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020.

We recognized stock-based compensation expense of $6$8 million and $3$14 million during the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, unearned compensation cost related to the unvested portion of all stock-based awards was approximately ~~$39~~$31 million and is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting period of the respective grants, through the first quarter of 2024. We recognized stock-based compensation expense of $8 million and $11 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

We have recorded liabilities totaling $48 millionat both ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, for anticipated costs related to various environmental matters, primarily the remediation of numerous waste disposal sites and certain properties sold by us. Of these amounts, ~~$12~~$11 million and $13 million were included in Other Current Liabilities at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The costs include legal and consulting fees, site studies, the design and implementation of remediation plans, post-remediation monitoring and related activities, and will be paid over several years. The amount of our ultimate liability in respect of these matters may be affected by several uncertainties, primarily the ultimate cost of required remediation and the

extent to which other responsible parties contribute. We have limited potential insurance coverage for future environmental claims.

Since many of the remediation activities related to environmental matters vary substantially in duration and cost from site to site and the associated costs for each vary depending on the mix of unique site characteristics, in some cases we cannot reasonably estimate a range of possible losses. Although it is not possible to estimate with certainty the outcome of all of our environmental matters, management believes that potential losses in excess of current reserves for environmental matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

We have recorded liabilities, on a discounted basis, totaling~~$198~~ $202 million and $198 million for anticipated costs related to workers’ compensation at ~~both March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2019, respectively. Of these amounts, ~~$40 million and~~ $39 million ~~were~~was included in Current Liabilities as part of Compensation and Benefits at ~~March 31,~~both June 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019, respectively.~~2019. The costs include an estimate of expected settlements on pending claims, defense costs and a provision for claims incurred but not reported. These estimates are based on our assessment of potential liability using an analysis of available information with respect to pending claims, historical experience, and current cost trends. The amount of our ultimate liability in respect of these matters may differ from these estimates. We periodically, and at least annually, update our loss development factors based on actuarial analyses. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the liability was discounted using a risk-free rate of return. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we estimate that it is reasonably possible that the liability could exceed our recorded amounts by approximately $25 million.

We have recorded liabilities totaling ~~$303~~$304 million and $293 million, including related legal fees expected to be incurred, for potential product liability and other tort claims, including asbestos claims, at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Of these amounts,~~$43~~ $53 million and $43 million was included in Other Current Liabilities at ~~both March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2019, respectively. The amounts recorded were estimated based on an assessment of potential liability using an analysis of available information with respect to pending claims, historical experience and, where available, recent and current trends. Based upon that assessment, at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we do not believe that estimated reasonably possible losses associated with general and product liability claims in excess of the amounts recorded will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations. However, the amount of our ultimate liability in respect of these matters may differ from these estimates.

We have recorded an indemnification asset within Accounts Receivable of $3 million and within Other Assets of $22 million for Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.'s ("SRI") obligation to indemnify us for certain product liability claims related to products manufactured by a formerly consolidated joint venture entity, subject to certain caps and restrictions.

Asbestos. We are a defendant in numerous lawsuits alleging various asbestos-related personal injuries purported to result from alleged exposure to asbestos in certain products manufactured by us or present in certain of our facilities. Typically, these lawsuits have been brought against multiple defendants in state and federal courts. To date, we have disposed of approximately ~~152,900~~ 153,600 claims by defending, obtaining the dismissal thereof, or entering into a settlement. The sum of our accrued asbestos-related liability and gross payments to date, including legal costs, by us and our insurers totaled approximately ~~$557~~$560 million through ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and $554 million through December 31, ~~2019.~~2019.

A summary of recent approximate asbestos claims activity follows. Because claims are often filed and disposed of by dismissal or settlement in large numbers, the amount and timing of settlements and the number of open claims during a particular period can fluctuate significantly.

	Three Months Ended			Year Ended			Six Months Ended			Year Ended
(Dollars in millions)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019			June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Pending claims, beginning of period		39,600			43,100			39,600			43,100
New claims filed		300			1,500			600			1,500
Claims settled/dismissed		(700	)		(5,000	)		(1,400	)		(5,000	)
Pending claims, end of period		39,200			39,600			38,800			39,600
Payments⁽¹⁾	$	2		$	22		$	5		$	22

We periodically, and at least annually, review our existing reserves for pending claims, including a reasonable estimate of the liability associated with unasserted asbestos claims, and estimate our receivables from probable insurance recoveries. We recorded gross liabilities for both asserted and unasserted claims, inclusive of defense costs, totaling $154 million and $153 million at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. In determining the estimate of our asbestos liability, we evaluated claims over the next ten-year period. Due to the difficulties in making these estimates, analysis based on new data and/or a change in circumstances arising in the future may result in an increase in the recorded obligation, and that increase could be significant.

We maintain certain primary and excess insurance coverage under coverage-in-place agreements, and also have additional excess liability insurance with respect to asbestos liabilities. After consultation with our outside legal counsel and giving consideration

to agreements with certain of our insurance carriers, the financial viability and legal obligations of our insurance carriers and other relevant factors, we determine an amount we expect is probable of recovery from such carriers. We record a receivable with respect to such policies when we determine that recovery is probable and we can reasonably estimate the amount of a particular recovery.

We recorded a receivable related to asbestos claims of $95 million at both ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We expect that approximately 60% of asbestos claim related losses would be recoverable through insurance during the ten-year period covered by the estimated liability. Of these amounts, $13 million was included in Current Assets as part of Accounts Receivable at both ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The recorded receivable consists of an amount we expect to collect under coverage-in-place agreements with certain primary and excess insurance carriers as well as an amount we believe is probable of recovery from certain of our other excess insurance carriers.

We believe that, at December 31, 2019, we had approximately $555 million in excess level policy limits applicable to indemnity and defense costs for asbestos products claims under coverage-in-place agreements. We also had additional unsettled excess level policy limits potentially applicable to such costs. We had coverage under certain primary policies for indemnity and defense costs for asbestos products claims under remaining aggregate limits pursuant to a coverage-in-place agreement, as well as coverage for indemnity and defense costs for asbestos premises claims pursuant to coverage-in-place agreements.

With respect to both asserted and unasserted claims, it is reasonably possible that we may incur a material amount of cost in excess of the current reserve; however, such amounts cannot be reasonably estimated. Coverage under insurance policies is subject to varying characteristics of asbestos claims including, but not limited to, the type of claim (premise vs. product

exposure), alleged date of first exposure to our products or premises and disease alleged. Recoveries may be limited by insurer insolvencies or financial difficulties. Depending upon the nature of these characteristics or events, as well as the resolution of certain legal issues, some portion of the insurance may not be accessible by us.

Approximately 850 former employees of the closed Amiens, France manufacturing facility have asserted wrongful termination or other claims totaling approximately €140 million ($~~154~~157 million) against Goodyear France SAS. On May 28, 2020, Goodyear France SAS received a judgment from the labor court with respect to approximately 790 of these former employees. As a result of this ruling, we accrued €22 million ($25 million) in the second quarter of 2020 for estimated damages. We ~~intend~~have appealed this ruling and will continue to vigorously defend ourselves against these claims and any additional claims that may be asserted against ~~us, and cannot estimate the amounts, if any, that we may ultimately pay in respect of such claims.~~us.

We are currently a party to various claims, indirect tax assessments and legal proceedings in addition to those noted above. If management believes that a loss arising from these matters is probable and can reasonably be estimated, we record the amount of the loss, or the minimum estimated liability when the loss is estimated using a range and no point within the range is more probable than another. As additional information becomes available, any potential liability related to these matters is assessed and the estimates are revised, if necessary. Based on currently available information, management believes that the ultimate outcome of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or overall trends in results of operations.

Our recorded liabilities and estimates of reasonably possible losses for the contingent liabilities described above are based on our assessment of potential liability using the information available to us at the time and, where applicable, any past experience and recent and current trends with respect to similar matters. Our contingent liabilities are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable judicial or administrative decisions could occur which we did not anticipate. Such an unfavorable decision could include monetary damages, fines or other penalties or an injunction prohibiting us from taking certain actions or selling certain products. If such an unfavorable decision were to occur, it could result in a material adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations in the period in which the decision occurs, or in future periods.

The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. We recognize liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If we ultimately determine that payment of these amounts is unnecessary, we reverse the liability and recognize a tax benefit during the period in which we determine that the liability is no longer necessary. We also recognize income tax benefits to the extent that it is more likely than not that our positions will be sustained when challenged by the taxing authorities. We derecognize income tax benefits when based on new information we determine that it is no longer more likely than not that our position will be sustained. To the extent we prevail in matters for which liabilities have been established, or determine we need to derecognize tax benefits recorded in prior periods, our results of operations and effective tax rate in a given period could be materially affected. An unfavorable tax settlement would require use of our cash, and lead to recognition of expense to the extent the settlement amount exceeds recorded liabilities and, in the case of an income tax settlement, result in an increase in our effective tax rate in the period of resolution. A favorable tax settlement would be recognized as a reduction of expense to the extent the settlement amount is lower than recorded liabilities and, in the case of an income tax settlement, would result in a reduction in our effective tax rate in the period of resolution.

While we apply consistent transfer pricing policies and practices globally, support transfer prices through economic studies, seek advance pricing agreements and joint audits to the extent possible and believe our transfer prices to be appropriate, such transfer

prices, and related interpretations of tax laws, are occasionally challenged by various taxing authorities globally. We have received various tax assessments challenging our interpretations of applicable tax laws in various jurisdictions. Although we believe we have complied with applicable tax laws, have strong positions and defenses and have historically been successful in defending such claims, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected in the case we are unsuccessful in the defense of existing or future claims.

We have off-balance sheet financial guarantees and other commitments totaling approximately ~~$70~~$72 million and $74 million at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We issue guarantees to financial institutions or other entities on behalf of certain of our affiliates, lessors or customers. We generally do not require collateral in connection with the issuance of these guarantees.

In 2017, we issued a guarantee of approximately PLN165 million ($4041 million) in connection with an indirect tax assessment in EMEA. This guarantee amount was subsequently increased to PLN 181 million ($4446 million). We have concluded our performance under this guarantee is not probable and, therefore, have not recorded a liability for this guarantee. In 2015, as a result of the dissolution of the global alliance with SRI, we issued a guarantee of approximately $46 million to an insurance company related to SRI's obligation to pay certain outstanding workers' compensation claims of a formerly consolidated joint

venture entity. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, this guarantee amount has been reduced to $26 million. We have concluded the probability of our performance to be remote and, therefore, have not recorded a liability for this guarantee. While there is no fixed duration of this guarantee, we expect the amount of this guarantee to continue to decrease over time as the formerly consolidated joint venture entity pays its outstanding claims. If our performance under these guarantees is triggered by non-payment or another specified event, we would be obligated to make payment to the financial institution or the other entity, and would typically have recourse to the affiliate, lessor, customer, or SRI. Except for the workers' compensation guarantee described above, the guarantees expire at various times through 2021. We are unable to estimate the extent to which our affiliates’, lessors’, customers’, or SRI's assets would be adequate to recover any payments made by us under the related guarantees.

In the first ~~three~~six months of 2020, we paid cash dividends of $37 million on our common ~~stock.~~stock, all of which was paid in the first quarter of 2020. This amount excludes dividends earned on stock-based compensation plans of approximately $1 million during the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020. On April 16, 2020, we announced that we have temporarily suspended the quarterly dividend on our common stock.

We may repurchase shares delivered to us by employees as payment for the exercise price of stock options and the withholding taxes due upon the exercise of stock options or the vesting or payment of stock awards. During the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020, we did 0t repurchase any shares from employees.

The following tables present changes in AOCL, by component, for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and 2019:


(In millions) Income (Loss)	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Unrecognized Net Actuarial Losses and Prior Service Costs			Deferred Derivative Gains (Losses)			Total			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Unrecognized Net Actuarial Losses and Prior Service Costs			Deferred Derivative Gains (Losses)			Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(1,156	)	$	(2,983	)	$	3		$	(4,136	)	$	(1,156	)	$	(2,983	)	$	3		$	(4,136	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax		(216	)		(1	)		18			(199	)		(223	)		(9	)		19			(213	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—			26			(4	)		22			—			55			(8	)		47
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	(1,372	)	$	(2,958	)	$	17		$	(4,313	)
Balance at June 30, 2020													$	(1,379	)	$	(2,937	)	$	14		$	(4,302	)


(In millions) Income (Loss)	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Unrecognized Net Actuarial Losses and Prior Service Costs			Deferred Derivative Gains (Losses)			Total			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Unrecognized Net Actuarial Losses and Prior Service Costs			Deferred Derivative Gains (Losses)			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(1,160	)	$	(2,923	)	$	7		$	(4,076	)	$	(1,160	)	$	(2,923	)	$	7		$	(4,076	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax		30			4			5			39			11			12			4			27
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—			26			(3	)		23			—			52			(5	)		47
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	(1,130	)	$	(2,893	)	$	9		$	(4,014	)
Balance at June 30, 2019													$	(1,149	)	$	(2,859	)	$	6		$	(4,002	)

	Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019				2020			2019			2020			2019
(In millions) (Income) Expense	Amount Reclassified						Affected Line Item in the Consolidated	Amount Reclassified						Amount Reclassified						Affected Line Item in the Consolidated
Component of AOCL	from AOCL						Statements of Operations	from AOCL						from AOCL						Statements of Operations
Amortization of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses	$	36		$	34		Other (Income) Expense	$	36		$	34		$	72		$	68		Other (Income) Expense
Immediate recognition of prior service cost and unrecognized gains and losses due to curtailments, settlements and divestitures		(2	)		—		Other (Income) Expense / Rationalizations		1			—			(1	)		—		Other (Income) Expense / Rationalizations
Unrecognized net actuarial losses and prior service costs, before tax		34			—				37			34			71			68
Tax effect		(8	)		(8	)	United States and Foreign Taxes		(8	)		(8	)		(16	)		(16	)	United States and Foreign Taxes
Net of tax	$	26		$	26		Goodyear Net Income (Loss)	$	29		$	26		$	55		$	52		Goodyear Net Income (Loss)

Deferred derivative (gains) losses, before tax	$	(4	)	$	(3	)	Cost of Goods Sold	$	(4	)	$	(3	)	$	(8	)	$	(6	)	Cost of Goods Sold
Tax effect		—			—		United States and Foreign Taxes		—			1			—			1		United States and Foreign Taxes
Net of tax	$	(4	)	$	(3	)	Goodyear Net Income (Loss)	$	(4	)	$	(2	)	$	(8	)	$	(5	)	Goodyear Net Income (Loss)
Total reclassifications	$	22		$	23		Goodyear Net Income (Loss)	$	25		$	24		$	47		$	47		Goodyear Net Income (Loss)

On April 17, 2020, we reached a tentative bargaining agreement and subsequently approved a plan to permanently close our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility as part of our strategy to strengthen the competitiveness of our manufacturing footprint by curtailing production of tires for declining, less profitable segments of the tire market. The tentative bargaining agreement remains subject to approval by the membership of the local union. We estimate the total pre-tax charges associated with this plan to be $280 million to $295 million, of which $170 million to $180 million are expected to be cash charges, primarily for severance and other associate-related costs of approximately $55 million and $40 million, respectively, and other closure costs of $75 million to $85 million. Non-cash charges, primarily related to asset write-offs and accelerated depreciation, are expected to be $110 million to $115 million. We expect to record approximately $170 million of these charges in the second quarter of 2020 and make cash payments of approximately $45 million in 2020. The remaining charges will be recorded and the remaining cash payments will be made thereafter, primarily in 2021 and 2022. We expect to substantially complete this rationalization plan by the fourth quarter of 2021.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of tires, with one of the most recognizable brand names in the world and operations in most regions of the world. We have a broad global footprint with 4746 manufacturing facilities in 21 countries, including the United States. We operate our business through three operating segments representing our regional tire businesses: Americas; Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); and Asia Pacific.

~~National efforts~~Our results for the second quarter and first half of 2020 were highly influenced by ~~many countries to mitigate~~ the severe economic disruption caused by the ongoing COVID-19 ~~pandemic have caused a deep contraction in vast areas of the global economy, with many workers and businesses, including Goodyear, facing profound challenges.~~pandemic. The tire industry has been particularly negatively impacted by this evolving situation, characterized by a sudden and sharp decline in replacement tire demand and original equipment (“OE”) manufacturers suspending or severely limiting automobile production globally. ~~Our results for the first quarter of 2020 were highly influenced by this economic disruption, which~~The current environment has aggravated already challenging industry conditions in many of our key markets, including foreign currency headwinds due to a strong U.S. dollar, lower OE industry ~~volumes,~~volume, softening demand in Europe, weak market conditions in China and economic volatility in Latin America, particularly Brazil, that persisted throughout 2019.

We ~~are proactively taking~~continue to take actions in response to COVID-19 to protect the health and wellbeing of our associates, customers and communities, which remain our top priority, to mitigate the near and long-term financial impacts on our operating results, and to ensure adequate liquidity and capital resources are available to maintain our operations until the auto industry and replacement tire demand recovers.

Additionally, on April 17, 2020, we reached a tentative bargaining agreement and subsequently approved a plan to permanently close our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility as part of our strategy to strengthen the competitiveness of our manufacturing footprint by curtailing production of tires for declining, less profitable segments of the tire market. ~~The tentative bargaining agreement remains subject to approval by the membership~~Members of the local ~~union.~~union approved the bargaining agreement on May 1, 2020. We estimate the total pre-tax charges associated with this plan to be $280 million to $295 million, of which $170 million to $180 million are expected to be cash charges. We ~~expect to record~~recorded approximately ~~$170~~$150 million of these charges induring the second quarter of 2020 and expect to make cash payments of approximately ~~$45~~$40 million in ~~2020.~~2020, largely during the second half. The remaining charges will be recorded and the remaining cash payments will be made ~~thereafter,~~ primarily in 2021 and 2022. We expect the combined impact of this plan and the previously announced rationalization actions related to our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility will result in approximately $130 million in annual savings in 2021 when compared to 2019.

Our results for the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 include a ~~17.6%~~45.5% decrease in tire unit shipments compared to the ~~first~~second quarter of 2019, ~~reflective~~as industry demand was significantly affected by the actions governments, businesses and consumers took to slow the spread of ~~the current economic environment.~~COVID-19. Our results for the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 include an approximate ~~$65~~$300 million unfavorable impact due to lower factory utilization and other period costs ~~both~~ directly related to the suspension of production and subsequent ramp up at our manufacturing facilities. These negative impacts were partially offset by cost savings of approximately ~~$38~~$96 million, including raw material cost saving measures of approximately ~~$17~~$18 million.

Net sales in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 were ~~$3,056~~$2,144 million, compared to ~~$3,598~~$3,632 million in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2019. Net sales decreased in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 primarily due to lower global tire unit ~~volumes, unfavorable foreign currency translation, primarily in EMEA and Americas, and~~volume, lower sales in other tire-related businesses, primarily due to a decrease in third-party sales of chemical products in ~~Americas.~~Americas and lower aviation sales globally, and unfavorable foreign currency translation. These decreases were partially offset by improvements in price and product mix, primarily in Americas and EMEA.

In the second quarter of 2020, Goodyear net loss was $696 million, or $2.97 per share, compared to net income of $54 million, or $0.23 per share, in the second quarter of 2019. The change in Goodyear net income (loss) was driven by lower segment operating income, a non-cash impairment charge, and higher rationalization charges, partially offset by lower income tax expense.

Our total segment operating loss for the second quarter of 2020 was $431 million, compared to income of $219 million in the second quarter of 2019. The $650 million change was primarily due to lower global tire unit volume of $338 million, higher conversion costs of $300 million, primarily in Americas and EMEA, and lower income from other tire-related businesses of $104 million, driven by lower third-party chemical sales in Americas and lower aviation sales globally. These decreases were partially offset by lower selling, administrative and general expense (“SAG”) of $112 million, primarily due to lower wages and benefits and lower advertising expense relating to actions taken as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Refer to “Results of Operations — Segment Information” for additional information.

Net sales in the first six months of 2020 were $5,200 million, compared to $7,230 million in the first six months of 2019. Net sales decreased in the first six months of 2020 primarily due to lower global tire unit volume, lower sales in other tire-related businesses, primarily due to a decrease in third-part sales of chemical products in Americas and lower aviation sales globally, and unfavorable foreign currency translation. These decreases were partially offset by improvements in price and product mix, primarily in Americas and EMEA.

In the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020, Goodyear net loss was ~~$619~~$1,315 million, or ~~$2.65~~$5.62 per share, compared to a net loss of ~~$61~~$7 million, or ~~$0.26~~$0.03 per share, in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019. The increase in Goodyear net loss was driven by ~~higher income tax expense due to the establishment of a valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets for foreign tax credits,~~ lower segment operating income, non-cash impairment charges, and ~~a non-cash goodwill impairment charge, partially offset by lower rationalization charges.~~higher income tax expense.

Our total segment operating loss for the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 was ~~$47~~$478 million, compared to income of ~~$190~~$409 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019. The ~~$237~~$887 million change was primarily due to lower global tire unit volume of ~~$120~~$458 million, higher conversion costs of ~~$62~~$362 million, primarily in Americas and EMEA, higher selling, administrative and general expense (“SAG”) of $37 million, primarily in Americas and EMEA, the write-off of work in process inventory of approximately $15 million due to suspending production at our manufacturing facilities, primarily in Americas and EMEA, and lower income from other tire-related businesses of $8$112 million, driven by lower third-party chemical sales in Americas and ~~a decline in retail~~lower aviation sales ~~globally,~~globally. These decreases were partially offset by lower ~~raw material costs~~SAG of ~~$30 million.~~$75 million, primarily due to lower wages and benefits and lower advertising expense relating to actions taken as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Refer to "Results of Operations — Segment Information” for additional information.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had ~~$971~~$1,006 million of cash and cash equivalents as well as ~~$2,278~~$2,938 million of unused availability under our various credit agreements, compared to $908 million and $3,554 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019. Cash and cash equivalents increased by ~~$63~~$98 million from December 31, 2019 primarily due ~~primarily~~ to net borrowings of ~~$978~~$1,414 million, partially offset by cash used for operating activities of ~~$561~~$820 million, capital expenditures of ~~$211~~$363 million, debt-related costs and other financing transactions of $53 million, and first quarter dividends paid of $37 million. Cash used for operating activities reflects our net loss for the period of $1,320 million, which includes non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization of $472 million, goodwill and other asset impairments of $330 million and rationalizations of $108 million, cash used for working capital of ~~$482~~$520 million, and rationalization payments of ~~$73~~$101 million. Refer to "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for additional information.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the temporary closure of many businesses throughout the world during the first ~~quarter~~half of 2020, ~~including most of our manufacturing facilities,~~ which has limited global business activity. Most of our manufacturing facilities around the world suspended or significantly limited production during parts of the first half of 2020.

Given the limited visibility we have into vehicle production and replacement tire demand, we have difficulty projecting industry volumes for the remainder of the year. We ~~are planning~~completed a phased restart of ~~production~~our manufacturing facilities during the second quarter of 2020, which began earlier in April with the reopening of some of our chemical plants and a limited ramp-up of our commercial truck tire manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and Europe. More recently, we also began2020. Decisions to ~~reopen tire~~increase production ~~in most of our consumer factories in Europe. We expect most of our manufacturing facilities to resume operations by the end of May. Decisions regarding production~~further will be based on an evaluation of market demand signals, inventory and supply levels, as well as our ability to continue to safeguard the health of our associates.

We ~~currently believe that~~have seen a gradual recovery in tire demand in our ~~largest volume declines will occur in~~major markets during the second quarter of 2020 ~~with~~and we currently believe that third quarter industry volumes will be down approximately ~~50%~~20% compared to the ~~second~~third quarter of 2019. Overhead absorption will also continue to be adversely affected by reduced plant

production during the ~~second~~third quarter of 2020. We are currently planning for our production to be down ~~almost 25~~approximately 5 million units versus the ~~second~~third quarter of ~~2019 in order to reflect expected demand and to reduce inventory.~~2019.

In addition, our other tire-related businesses are ~~also~~ being significantly affected by the ~~weakening~~weak economic environment. ~~Traffic~~Our retail and ~~volume at our retail locations is low~~chemical businesses have both stabilized somewhat during the second quarter of 2020 and the ~~sharp drop~~decline in business and leisure travel is continuing to adversely ~~impacting~~impact our aviation business. ~~Our chemicals business is also feeling the effects of the decline in tire production.~~ In total, the year-over-year earnings decline in our other tire-related businesses is expected to be ~~about $150~~$30 million to $50 million during the ~~second~~third quarter of 2020.

For the full year of 2020, we now expect our raw material costs will be a benefit of ~~$50 million to~~approximately $100 million compared to 2019, excluding transactional foreign currency and raw material cost saving measures. Natural and synthetic rubber prices and other commodity prices historically have been volatile, and this estimate could change significantly based on fluctuations in the cost of these and other key raw materials. We are continuing to focus on price and product mix, to substitute lower cost materials where possible, to work to identify additional substitution opportunities, to reduce the amount of material required in each tire, and to pursue alternative raw materials.

Refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our ~~2019~~Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 Form 10-K”) for a discussion of the factors that may impact our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity and “Forward-Looking Information — Safe Harbor Statement” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of our use of forward-looking statements.

Net sales in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 were ~~$3,056~~$2,144 million, decreasing ~~$542~~$1,488 million, or ~~15.1%~~41.0%, from ~~$3,598~~$3,632 million in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2019. Goodyear net loss was ~~$619~~$696 million, or ~~$2.65~~$2.97 per share, in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020, compared to a net ~~loss~~income of ~~$61~~$54 million, or ~~$0.26~~$0.23 per share, in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2019.

Net sales decreased in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020, primarily due to lower global tire unit volume of ~~$524~~$1,411 million, ~~unfavorable foreign currency translation of $70 million, primarily in EMEA and Americas, and~~ lower sales in other tire-related businesses of ~~$34~~$165 million, primarily due to a decrease in third-party sales of chemical products in Americas and lower aviation sales globally, and unfavorable foreign currency translation of $69 million, primarily in EMEA and Americas. These decreases were partially offset by improvements in price and product mix of ~~$86~~$158 million, primarily in Americas and EMEA.

Worldwide tire unit sales in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 were ~~31.3~~20.4 million units, decreasing ~~6.7~~17.0 million units, or ~~17.6%~~45.5%, from ~~38.0~~37.4 million units in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2019. Replacement tire volume decreased ~~4.5~~10.6 million units, or ~~16.2%~~39.2%, primarily in ~~EMEA~~Americas and ~~Americas.~~EMEA. OE tire volume decreased ~~2.2~~6.4 million units, or ~~21.2%~~61.7%, primarily due to lower vehicle production globally.

Cost of goods sold (“CGS”) in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 was ~~$2,552~~$2,216 million, decreasing ~~$327~~$639 million, or ~~11.4%~~22.4%, from ~~$2,879~~$2,855 million in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2019. CGS decreased primarily due to lower global tire unit volume of ~~$404~~$1,073 million, foreign currency translation of ~~$57~~$67 million, primarily in Americas and EMEA, and ~~Americas, lower raw material costs of $30 million,~~ lower costs in other tire-related businesses of ~~$26~~$61 million, driven by lower third-party chemical sales in ~~Americas, and lower start-up costs of $6 million associated with our new plant in San Luis Potosi, Mexico.~~Americas. These decreases were partially offset by higher conversion costs ~~related to product mix~~

of ~~$62~~$300 million, primarily due to lower factory utilization and other period costs, and the write-off of ~~work in process~~work-in-process inventory of approximately ~~$15~~$11 million, both as a direct result of suspending production at our manufacturing facilities, primarily in Americas and EMEA, higher costs related to product mix of $156 million, primarily in Americas and EMEA, and higher raw material costs of $19 million, primarily in Americas and EMEA.

CGS in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 and 2019 included pension expense of $4 ~~million for each period.~~million. CGS in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 included accelerated depreciation of $4$86 million ($465 million after-tax and minority)., primarily related to the plan to permanently close our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility, compared to $1 million ($1 million after-tax and minority) in 2019. CGS in the ~~first quarter of 2019 included incremental savings from rationalization plans of $1 million. CGS was 83.5% of sales in the first quarter of 2020 compared to 80.0% in the first quarter of 2019.~~

SAG in the first quarter of 2020 was $581 million, increasing $34 million, or 6.2%, from $547 million in the first quarter of 2019. SAG increased primarily due to higher wages and benefits of $13 million, primarily in Americas as the result of an acquisition during the fourth quarter of 2019, higher bad debt expense of $11 million, primarily in EMEA, higher inflation of $6 million, primarily in EMEA and Americas, higher advertising expense of $5 million, primarily in Americas, and higher information technology expense of $5 million, partially offset by foreign currency translation of $10 million, primarily in EMEA and Americas.

~~SAG in the first quarter of 2020 and 2019 included pension expense of $4 million for each period. SAG in the first~~second quarter of 2020 and 2019 included incremental savings from rationalization plans of $28 million and $2 million, respectively. CGS was 103.4% of sales in the second quarter of 2020 compared to 78.6% in the second quarter of 2019.

SAG in the second quarter of 2020 was $451 million, decreasing $135 million, or 23.0%, from $586 million in the second quarter of 2019. SAG decreased primarily due to lower wages and benefits of $55 million and lower advertising expense of $44 million, both relating to actions taken as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, foreign currency translation of $16 million, and lower travel and entertainment expenses of $12 million.

SAG in the second quarter of 2020 and 2019 included pension expense of $4 million. SAG in the second quarter of 2020 and 2019 also included incremental savings from rationalization plans of $1 million and $6$4 million, respectively. SAG was ~~19.0%~~21.0% of sales in the second quarter of 2020, compared to 16.1% in the second quarter of 2019.

We recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $148 million ($113 million after-tax and minority) related to TireHub in the second quarter of 2020. For further information, refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 9, Other Assets and Investments.

We recorded net rationalization charges of $99 million ($76 million after-tax and minority) in the second quarter of 2020 and $4 million ($3 million after-tax and minority) in the second quarter of 2019. Net rationalization charges in the second quarter of 2020 primarily related to the plan to permanently close our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility and additional termination benefits for associates at the closed Amiens, France manufacturing facility. Net rationalization charges in the second quarter of 2019 primarily related to a plan to modernize two of our tire manufacturing facilities in Germany.

Interest expense in the second quarter of 2020 was $85 million, decreasing $3 million, or 3.4%, from $88 million in the second quarter of 2019. The decrease was due to a lower average interest rate of 5.04% in the second quarter of 2020 compared to 5.32% in the second quarter of 2019, partially offset by a higher average debt balance of $6,753 million in the second quarter of 2020 compared to $6,622 million in the second quarter of 2019.

Other (Income) Expense in the second quarter of 2020 was $34 million of expense, compared to $17 million of expense in the second quarter of 2019. Other (Income) Expense in the second quarter of 2020 included net losses on asset sales of $3 million ($3 million after-tax and minority). The increase in net other expense was primarily due to foreign currency exchange as a result of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar, which was a loss of $4 million in the second quarter of 2020 and a gain of $11 million in the second quarter of 2019.

For the second quarter of 2020, we recorded a tax benefit of $186 million on a loss before income taxes of $889 million. Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 includes net discrete charges of $2 million ($2 million after minority interest), related to various discrete tax adjustments.

For the second quarter of 2019, we recorded income tax expense of $26 million on a loss before income taxes of $82 million. Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 includes net discrete charges of $6 million ($6 million after minority interest), primarily related to adjusting our deferred tax assets in Luxembourg for a change in the tax rate.

For further information regarding income taxes, refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 5, Income Taxes.

Minority shareholders’ net income (loss) in the second quarter of 2020 was a net loss of $7 million, compared to net income of $2 million in 2019.

Net sales in the first six months of 2020 were $5,200 million, decreasing $2,030 million, or 28.1%, from $7,230 million in the first six months of 2019. Goodyear net loss was $1,315 million, or $5.62 per share, in the first six months of 2020, compared to Goodyear net loss of $7 million, or $0.03 per share, in the first six months of 2019.

Net sales decreased in the first six months of 2020, primarily due to lower global tire unit volume of $1,935 million, lower sales in other tire-related business of $199 million, primarily due to a decrease in third-party sales of chemical products in Americas and lower aviation sales globally, and unfavorable foreign currency translation of $139 million, primarily in EMEA and Americas. These decreases were partially offset by improvements in price and product mix of $244 million, primarily in Americas and EMEA.

Worldwide tire unit sales in the first six months of 2020 were 51.7 million units, decreasing 23.7 million units, or 31.5%, from 75.4 million units in the first six months of 2019. Replacement tire volume decreased 15.0 million units, or 27.6%, primarily in Americas and EMEA. OE tire volume decreased 8.7 million units, or 41.3%, primarily due to lower vehicle production globally.

CGS in the first six months of 2020 was $4,768 million, decreasing $966 million, or 16.8%, from $5,734 million in the first six months of 2019. CGS decreased primarily due to lower global tire unit volume of $1,477 million, foreign currency translation of $124 million, primarily in EMEA and Americas, and lower costs in other tire-related businesses of $87 million, driven by lower third-party chemical sales in Americas. These decreases were partially offset by higher conversion costs of $362 million, primarily due to lower factory utilization and other period costs, and the write-off of work-in-process inventory of approximately $26 million, both as a direct result of suspending production at our manufacturing facilities, primarily in Americas and EMEA, and higher costs related to product mix of $244 million, primarily in Americas and EMEA.

CGS in the first six months of 2020 and 2019 included pension expense of $8 million. CGS in the first six months of 2020 included accelerated depreciation of $90 million ($69 million after-tax and minority), primarily related to the plan to permanently close our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility, compared to $1 million ($1 million after-tax and minority) in 2019. CGS in the first six months of 2020 and 2019 included incremental savings from rationalization plans of $28 million and $3 million, respectively. CGS was 91.7% of sales in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 compared to ~~15.2%~~79.3% in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019.

SAG in the first six months of 2020 was $1,032 million, decreasing $101 million, or 8.9%, from $1,133 million in the first six months of 2019. SAG decreased primarily due to lower wages and benefits of $42 million and lower advertising expense of $39 million, both relating to actions taken as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, foreign currency translation of $26 million, primarily in EMEA and Americas, and lower travel and entertainment expenses of $12 million. These decreases were partially offset by a $20 million increase in expense related to potentially uncollectible accounts receivable, primarily in EMEA and Americas.

SAG in the first six months of 2020 and 2019 included pension expense of $8 million. SAG in the first six months of 2020 and 2019 included incremental savings from rationalization plans of $2 million and $10 million, respectively. SAG was 19.8% of sales in the first six months of 2020, compared to 15.7% in the first six months of 2019.

We recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $182 million ($178 million after-tax and minority) related to our EMEA reporting unit inand a $148 million non-cash impairment charge ($113 million after-tax and minority) related to TireHub during the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020. For further information, refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 8, Goodwill and Intangible ~~Assets.~~Assets, and Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 9, Other Assets and Investments.

We recorded net rationalization charges of $9$108 million ($783 million after-tax and minority) in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 and ~~$103~~$107 million ($8690 million after-tax and minority) in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019. Net rationalization charges in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 primarily related to the plan to permanently close our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility and additional termination benefits for associates at the closed Amiens, France manufacturing facility. Net rationalization charges in the first six months of 2019 primarily related to a plan to modernize two of our tire manufacturing facilities in ~~Germany.~~Germany and a plan to reduce manufacturing headcount and improve operating efficiency in Americas.

Interest expense in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 was ~~$73~~$158 million, decreasing ~~$12~~$15 million, or ~~14.1%~~8.7%, from ~~$85~~$173 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019. The decrease was due to a lower average interest rate of ~~4.79%~~4.92% in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 compared to ~~5.54%~~5.42% in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019, ~~and~~partially offset by a ~~lower~~higher average debt balance of ~~$6,094~~$6,423 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 compared to ~~$6,135~~$6,378 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019.

Other (Income) Expense in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 was ~~$27~~$61 million of expense, compared to ~~$22~~$39 million of expense in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019. Other (Income) Expense in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 included pension settlement charges of $3 million ($2 million after-tax and minority) and net losses on asset sales of $2 million ($2 million after-tax and minority). The increase in net other expense was primarily due to foreign currency exchange as a result of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar, which was a loss of $3 million in the first six months of 2020 and a gain of $18 million in the first six months of 2019. Other (Income) Expense in the first six months of 2019 included net gains on asset sales of $6 million ($5 million after-tax and minority), charges of $5 million ($4 million after-tax and minority) for legal claims related to discontinued ~~operations, gains on asset sales of $5 million ($4 million after-tax and minority),~~products, and a net gain on insurance recoveries of $3 million ($23 million after-tax and minority) related to Hurricanes Harvey and Irma.

~~For~~In the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020, we recorded income tax expense of ~~$249~~$63 million on a loss before income taxes of ~~$368~~$1,257 million. Income tax expense for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 includes net discrete charges of ~~$290~~$293 million ($~~290~~293 million after minority interest), primarily related to the establishment of a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets for foreign tax ~~credits.~~credits during the first quarter of 2020 as discussed below.

In the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019, we recorded income tax expense of $6$32 million on ~~a loss~~income before income taxes of ~~$38~~$44 million. Income tax expense for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2019 includes net discrete charges of $7$13 million ($612 million after minority interest). The net discrete tax charge includes a second quarter charge of $6 million related to adjusting our deferred tax assets in Luxembourg for a change in the tax rate and various first quarter net discrete charges of $7 million.

We record taxes based on overall estimated annual effective tax rates. The difference between our effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate of 21% for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 primarily relates to the discrete items noted above, ~~the~~a first quarter non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $182 million, and forecasted losses for the full year in foreign jurisdictions in which no tax benefits are recorded, which have been accentuated during 2020 by business interruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The difference between our effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate of 21% for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~ June 30,

2019 primarily relates to the discrete items noted above and the overall higher effective tax rate in the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate, partially offset by a benefit from our foreign derived intangible income deduction.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had approximately ~~$1.0~~$1.1 billion of U.S. federal, state and local deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances totaling $308 million, primarily related to foreign tax credits with limited lives. Approximately $900 million of these U.S. net deferred tax assets have unlimited lives ~~totaling $308 million.~~and approximately $200 million have limited lives, substantially all of which expire after 2025. In the U.S., we have cumulative positive profitability in the three-year period ended ~~December 31, 2019;~~June 30, 2020; however, negative evidence of reduced profitability as a result of the continuing business disruption created by the COVID-19 pandemic must be considered in our assessment of our ability to realize our net deferred tax assets. While the disruption to our business is ~~currently~~ expected to be temporary, there is considerable uncertainty around the extent and duration of that ~~disruption. If our profitability deteriorates enough that our future results for~~disruption and we are currently expecting to incur a ~~three-year period are no longer positive,~~significant U.S. tax loss during the second half of 2020 as a result. Depending upon the magnitude of this loss as well as the continuing duration of pandemic-related disruptions and the timing of the subsequent recovery, a valuation allowance may be required against all of our U.S. net deferred tax ~~assets.~~assets in a future period.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 ~~we had approximately $1.2 billion of foreign deferred tax assets with a valuation allowance of $939 million. At~~and December 31, 2019, we had approximately $1.3 billion ~~of U.S. federal, state and local deferred tax assets with a valuation allowance of $13 million,~~ and $1.2 billion of foreign deferred tax assets ~~with a~~and valuation ~~allowance~~allowances of $993 million and $969 ~~million.~~million, respectively.

For further information regarding income taxes and the realizability of our deferred tax assets, including our foreign tax credits, refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 5, Income Taxes.

Minority shareholders’ net income (loss) in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 was $2a net loss of $5 million, compared to ~~$17~~net income of $19 million in 2019. ~~The decrease primarily relates to a $17 million indirect tax benefit in EMEA during the first quarter of 2019.~~

Segment information reflects our strategic business units (“SBUs”), which are organized to meet customer requirements and global competition and are segmented on a regional basis.

Results of operations are measured based on net sales to unaffiliated customers and segment operating income. Each segment exports tires to other segments. The financial results of each segment exclude sales of tires exported to other segments, but include operating income derived from such transactions. Segment operating income is computed as follows: Net Sales less CGS (excluding asset write-off and accelerated depreciation charges) and SAG (including certain allocated corporate administrative

expenses). Segment operating income also includes certain royalties and equity in earnings of most affiliates. Segment operating income does not include net rationalization charges (credits), asset sales, goodwill and other asset impairment charges and certain other items.

Management believes that total segment operating income is useful because it represents the aggregate value of income created by our SBUs and excludes items not directly related to the SBUs for performance evaluation purposes. Total segment operating income is the sum of the individual SBUs’ segment operating income. Refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 7, Business Segments, for further information and for a reconciliation of total segment operating income to Income (Loss) before Income Taxes.

Total segment operating loss for the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 was ~~$47~~$431 million, a change of ~~$237~~$650 million from total segment operating income of ~~$190~~$219 million in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2019. Total segment operating margin (segment operating income divided by segment sales) in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 was ~~(1.5%~~(20.1%), compared to ~~5.3%~~6.0% in the second quarter of 2019. Total segment operating loss in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 was $478 million, a change of $887 million from total segment operating income of $409 million in the first six months of 2019. Total segment operating margin in the first six months of 2020 was (9.2%), compared to 5.7% in the first six months of 2019.

	Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions)	2020		2019			Change			Percent Change			2020			2019			Change			Percent Change			2020			2019			Change			Percent Change
Tire Units		14.5		16.7			(2.2	)		(13.4	)%		8.5			17.1			(8.6	)		(50.4	)%		23.0			33.8			(10.8	)		(32.1	)%
Net Sales	$	1,673	$	1,876		$	(203	)		(10.8	)%	$	1,134		$	1,971		$	(837	)		(42.5	)%	$	2,807		$	3,847		$	(1,040	)		(27.0	)%
Operating Income (Loss)		—		89			(89	)		(100.0	)%		(287	)		134			(421	)		(314.2	)%		(287	)		223			(510	)		(228.7	)%
Operating Margin		—		4.7	%								(25.3	)%		6.8	%								(10.2	)%		5.8	%

Americas unit sales in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 decreased ~~2.2~~8.6 million units, or ~~13.4%~~50.4%, to ~~14.5~~8.5 million units. Replacement tire volume decreased ~~1.8~~5.8 million units, or ~~14.4%~~44.7%, primarily in our consumer business in the United States, Brazil and Canada due to ~~slow sell-out~~lower sales resulting from the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, ~~across all channels and rim-sizes.~~including the impact of a significant customer in the U.S. temporarily closing its auto care facilities. OE tire volume decreased ~~0.4~~2.8 million units, or ~~10.2%~~68.4%, primarily in our consumer business in ~~Brazil, Canada and~~ the United States, Brazil and Canada, driven by lower vehicle production as a result of the ~~COVID-19~~ pandemic-related factory shutdowns at major OE manufacturers.

Net sales in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 were ~~$1,673~~$1,134 million, decreasing ~~$203~~$837 million, or ~~10.8%~~42.5%, from ~~$1,876~~$1,971 million in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2019. The decrease in net sales was driven by lower tire volume of ~~$199~~$779 million, lower sales in other tire-related businesses of $123 million, primarily due to a decrease in third-party sales of chemical products and lower aviation and retail sales, and unfavorable foreign currency translation of $25 million, primarily related to the Brazilian ~~real, and lower sales in other tire-related businesses of $20 million, primarily due to a decrease in third-party sales of chemical products.~~real. These decreases were partially offset by improvements in price and product mix of $90 million, driven by higher proportionate sales of commercial tires.

Operating loss in the second quarter of 2020 was $287 million, a change of $421 million from operating income of $134 million in the second quarter of 2019. The change in operating income (loss) was due to higher conversion costs of $182 million, primarily related to lower factory utilization and other period costs, and a write-off of work-in-process inventory of approximately $4 million, both as a direct result of suspending production at our manufacturing facilities, lower tire volume of $180 million, lower earnings in other tire-related businesses of $64 million, primarily due to a decrease in third-party sales of chemical products and lower aviation and retail sales, unfavorable price and product mix of $18 million and higher raw material costs of $12 million. These decreases were partially offset by lower SAG of $41 million, primarily related to lower wages and benefits and lower advertising expense relating to actions taken as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversion costs included savings from rationalization plans of $26 million in 2020. Price and product mix includes TireHub equity losses of $14 million and $15 million in the second quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Operating income (loss) in the second quarter of 2020 excluded the TireHub non-cash impairment charge of $148 million, as well as asset write-offs and accelerated depreciation of $86 million and rationalization charges of $69 million, primarily related to the plan to permanently close our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility. Operating income (loss) in the second quarter of 2019 excluded rationalization charges of $2 million.

Americas unit sales in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 decreased 10.8 million units, or 32.1%, to 23.0 million units. Replacement tire volume decreased 7.6 million units, or 29.7%, primarily in our consumer business in the United States, Brazil and Canada due to lower sales resulting from the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. OE tire volume decreased 3.2 million units, or 39.6%, primarily in our consumer business in the United States, Brazil and Canada, driven by lower vehicle production as a result of the pandemic-related factory shutdowns at major OE manufacturers.

Net sales in the first six months of 2020 were ~~breakeven,~~$2,807 million, decreasing ~~$89~~$1,040 million, ~~as compared~~or 27.0%, from $3,847 million in the first six months of 2019. The decrease in net sales was driven by lower tire volume of $978 million, lower sales in other tire-related businesses of $143 million, primarily due to a decrease in third-party sales of chemical products and lower aviation and retail sales, and unfavorable foreign currency translation of $50 million, primarily related to the Brazilian real. These decreases were partially offset by improvements in price and product mix of $131 million, driven by higher proportionate sales of commercial tires.

Operating loss in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 was $287 million, a change of $510 million from operating income of $223 million in the first six months of 2019. The change in operating income (loss) was due to lower tire volume of ~~$39 million;~~ $219 million, higher conversion costs of ~~$31~~$213 million, primarily related to lower factory utilization and other period costs, and the write-off of ~~work in process~~work-in-process inventory of approximately ~~$10~~$13 million, both as a direct result of suspending production at our manufacturing ~~facilities; and higher SAG~~facilities, lower earnings in other tire-related businesses of ~~$24~~$70 million, primarily ~~related~~due to ~~higher wages~~a decrease in third-party sales of chemical products and ~~benefits as the result of an acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2019~~lower retail and ~~higher advertising expenses. These decreases in operating income (loss) were partially offset by improvements in raw material costs of $14 million~~aviation sales, and unfavorable price and product mix of $8$10 million. These decreases were partially offset by lower SAG of $17 million, primarily related to lower advertising expense and lower wages and benefits relating to actions taken as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversion costs included savings from rationalization plans of

$26 million in 2020. Price and product mix includes TireHub equity losses of ~~$12~~$26 million and ~~$10~~$25 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. As a result of these losses, we completed an impairment assessment related to our equity investment in TireHub during the first quarter of 2020 and concluded that any decline in the estimated fair value of this investment as a result of current trends and factors is temporary in nature and, as such, recorded no impairment. However, if the current economic environment persists, an other-than-temporary decline in fair value could develop, necessitating the need for a future material non-cash impairment charge.

Operating income (loss) in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 excluded the TireHub non-cash impairment charge of $148 million, as well as asset write-offs and accelerated depreciation of $4$89 million and rationalization charges of ~~$3 million.~~$72 million, primarily related to the plan to permanently close our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility. Operating income (loss) in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019 excluded rationalization charges of $7$9 million.

	Three Months Ended March 31,												Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions)	2020			2019			Change			Percent Change			2020			2019			Change			Percent Change			2020			2019			Change			Percent Change
Tire Units		11.6			14.4			(2.8	)		(19.6	)%		7.3			13.3			(6.0	)		(44.5	)%		18.9			27.6			(8.7	)		(31.5	)%
Net Sales	$	995		$	1,221		$	(226	)		(18.5	)%	$	676		$	1,141		$	(465	)		(40.8	)%	$	1,671		$	2,362		$	(691	)		(29.3	)%
Operating Income (Loss)		(53	)		54			(107	)		(198.1	)%		(110	)		44			(154	)		(350.0	)%		(163	)		98			(261	)		(266.3	)%
Operating Margin		(5.3	)%		4.4	%								(16.3	)%		3.9	%								(9.8	)%		4.1	%

Europe, Middle East and Africa unit sales in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 decreased ~~2.8~~6.0 million units, or ~~19.6%~~44.5%, to ~~11.6~~7.3 million units. Replacement tire volume decreased ~~1.9~~3.7 million units, or ~~18.1%~~37.5%, primarily due to lower consumer replacement volumes reflecting decreased industry demand due to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and expected declines resulting from our initiative to align distribution in Europe. OE tire volume decreased ~~0.9~~2.3 million units, or ~~23.4%~~62.9%, primarily in our consumer business, driven by lower vehicle production as a result of the ~~COVID-19~~ pandemic-related factory shutdowns at major OE manufacturers and our continued exit of declining, less profitable market segments.

Net sales in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 were ~~$995~~$676 million, decreasing ~~$226~~$465 million, or ~~18.5%~~40.8%, from ~~$1,221~~$1,141 million in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2019. Net sales decreased primarily due to lower tire unit volume of ~~$216~~$464 million, unfavorable foreign currency translation of ~~$37~~$28 million, driven by the weakening of the Turkish lira, euro, South African rand and Russian ruble, and lower earnings in other tire-related businesses of $27 million, primarily due to lower aviation, motorcycle and racing sales. These decreases were partially offset by improvements in price and product mix of $54 million, driven by higher proportionate sales of commercial tires and our continued focus on 17-inch and above rim size consumer tires.

Operating loss in the second quarter of 2020 was $110 million, a change of $154 million from operating income of $44 million in the second quarter of 2019. The change in operating income (loss) was primarily due to lower tire unit volume of $115 million, as well as higher conversion costs of $90 million, primarily related to lower factory utilization and other period costs, and the write-off of work-in-process inventory of approximately $7 million, both as a direct result of suspending production at our manufacturing facilities. Earnings in other tire-related businesses decreased by $19 million, primarily due to lower aviation and motorcycle sales. These decreases were partially offset by lower SAG of $51 million, primarily related to lower advertising expense and lower wages and benefits relating to actions taken as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and improvements in price and product mix of $25 million.

Operating income (loss) in the second quarter of 2020 excluded net rationalization charges of $30 million and net losses on asset sales of $3 million. Operating income (loss) in the second quarter of 2019 excluded net rationalization charges of $2 million, accelerated depreciation of $1 million and net gains on asset sales of $1 million.

Europe, Middle East and Africa unit sales in the first six months of 2020 decreased 8.7 million units, or 31.5%, to 18.9 million units. Replacement tire volume decreased 5.5 million units, or 27.4%, primarily due to lower consumer replacement volumes reflecting decreased industry demand due to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and expected declines resulting from our initiative to align distribution in Europe. OE tire volume decreased 3.2 million units, or 42.4%, primarily in our consumer business, driven by lower vehicle production as a result of the pandemic-related factory shutdowns at major OE manufacturers and our continued exit of declining, less profitable market segments.

Net sales in the first six months of 2020 were $1,671 million, decreasing $691 million, or 29.3%, from $2,362 million in the first six months of 2019. Net sales decreased primarily due to lower tire unit volume of $680 million, unfavorable foreign currency translation of $65 million, driven by the weakening of the euro, Turkish lira and South African rand, and lower earnings in other tire-related businesses of ~~$11~~$38 million, primarily due to lower motorcycle, aviation and ~~fleet~~racing sales. These decreases were partially offset by improvements in price and product mix of ~~$38~~$92 million, driven by higher proportionate sales of commercial tires and our continued focus on 17-inch and above rim size consumer tires.

Operating loss in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 was ~~$53~~$163 million, a change of ~~$107~~$261 million from operating income of ~~$54~~$98 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019. The change in operating income (loss) was primarily due to lower tire unit volume of ~~$53 million;~~$168 million, as well as higher conversion costs of ~~$28~~$118 million, primarily related to lower factory utilization and other period costs, and the write-off of ~~work in process~~work-in-process inventory of approximately $5$12 million, both as a direct result of suspending production at

our manufacturing ~~facilities; and higher SAG of $15~~facilities. Earnings in other tire-related businesses decreased by $18 million, ~~driven by higher bad debt expense.~~primarily due to lower aviation sales. These ~~increases in operating income (loss)~~decreases were partially offset by lower SAG of $36 million, primarily related to lower advertising expense and lower wages and benefits relating to actions taken as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and improvements in ~~raw material costs~~price and product mix of $8$27 million.

Operating income (loss) in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 excluded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $182 million, net rationalization charges of $6$36 million, net losses on asset sales of $2 million and ~~net gains on asset sales~~accelerated depreciation of $1 million. Operating income (loss) in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019 excluded net rationalization charges of ~~$96~~$98 million, ~~and~~ net gains on asset sales of $5$6 million and accelerated depreciation of $1 million.

	Three Months Ended March 31,												Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions)	2020			2019			Change			Percent Change			2020			2019			Change			Percent Change			2020			2019			Change			Percent Change
Tire Units		5.2			6.9			(1.7	)		(23.9	)%		4.6			7.0			(2.4	)		(35.6	)%		9.8			14.0			(4.2	)		(29.8	)%
Net Sales	$	388		$	501		$	(113	)		(22.6	)%	$	334		$	520		$	(186	)		(35.8	)%	$	722		$	1,021		$	(299	)		(29.3	)%
Operating Income		6			47			(41	)		(87.2	)%
Operating Income (Loss)														(34	)		41			(75	)		(182.9	)%		(28	)		88			(116	)		(131.8	)%
Operating Margin		1.5	%		9.4	%								(10.2	)%		7.9	%								(3.9	)%		8.6	%

Asia Pacific unit sales in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 decreased ~~1.7~~2.4 million units, or ~~23.9%~~35.6%, to ~~5.2~~4.6 million units. OE tire volume decreased ~~0.9~~1.3 million units, or ~~34.2%~~50.2%, primarily in our consumer business in India and China, ~~and India.~~driven by lower vehicle production as a result of the pandemic-related factory shutdowns at major OE manufacturers. Replacement tire volume decreased ~~0.8~~1.1 million units, or ~~17.2%~~26.3%, ~~primarily in our consumer business in China. The decrease in tire volume in China and India was~~ primarily due to lower consumer replacement volumes reflecting decreased industry demand due to the ~~impact~~economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Net sales in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 were ~~$388~~$334 million, decreasing ~~$113~~$186 million, or ~~22.6%~~35.8%, from ~~$501~~$520 million in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2019. Net sales decreased due to lower tire unit volume of ~~$109~~$168 million, ~~and~~ unfavorable foreign currency translation of $8$16 million, primarily related to the weakening of the Indian rupee and Australian dollar, and ~~Chinese yuan.~~lower sales in other tire-related businesses of $15 million, primarily due to lower aviation sales. These decreases were partially offset by improvements in price and product mix of $7$14 million.

Operating ~~income~~loss in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2020 was $6$34 million, ~~decreasing~~a change of $75 million from operating income of $41 ~~million, or 87.2%, from $47~~ million in the ~~first~~second quarter of 2019. The ~~decrease~~change in operating income (loss) was due to lower tire unit volume of ~~$28 million, unfavorable price and product mix of $12~~$43 million, higher conversion costs of $3$28 million, primarily due to the impact of lower tire production on overhead absorption, and lower earnings in other tire-related businesses of $3$21 million. These decreases were partially offset by lower SAG of $20 million, primarily related to lower advertising expense and lower wages and benefits relating to actions taken as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Asia Pacific unit sales in the first six months of 2020 decreased 4.2 million units, or 29.8%, to 9.8 million units. OE tire volume decreased 2.3 million units, or 42.2%, primarily in our consumer business in China and India, driven by lower vehicle production as a result of the pandemic-related factory shutdowns at major OE manufacturers. Replacement tire volume decreased 1.9 million units, or 21.8%, primarily due to lower consumer replacement volumes reflecting decreased industry demand due to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Net sales in the first six months of 2020 were $722 million, decreasing $299 million, or 29.3%, from $1,021 million in the first six months of 2019. Net sales decreased due to lower tire unit volume of $277 million, unfavorable foreign currency translation of $24 million, primarily related to the weakening of the Australian dollar and Indian rupee, and lower sales in other tire-related businesses of $18 million, primarily due to lower aviation sales. These decreases were partially offset by improvements in ~~raw material~~price and product mix of $21 million.

Operating loss in the first six months of 2020 was $28 million, a change of $116 million from operating income of $88 million in the first six months of 2019. The change in operating income (loss) was due to lower tire unit volume of $71 million, higher conversion costs of $8$31 million, primarily due to the impact of lower tire production on overhead absorption, lower earnings in other tire-related businesses of $24 million, and unfavorable price and product mix of $17 million.

These decreases were partially offset by lower SAG of $22 million, primarily related to lower wages and benefits and lower advertising expense relating to actions taken as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In April 9, 2020, we amended and restated our $2.0 billion first lien revolving credit facility. Changes to the facility include extending the maturity to April 9, 2025 and increasing the borrowing base for the facility by increasing the amount attributable to the value of our principal trademarks ~~by $100 million~~ and adding the value of eligible machinery and ~~equipment.~~equipment, which improved our availability under the facility by approximately $275 million at June 30, 2020. The interest rate for loans under the facility increased by 50 basis points to LIBOR plus 175 basis points, based on our current liquidity, and undrawn amounts under the facility will be subject to an annual commitment fee of 25 basis points.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had ~~$971~~$1,006 million in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $908 million at December 31, 2019. For the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, net cash used by operating activities was ~~$561~~$820 million, ~~primarily driven by~~reflecting our net loss for the period of $1,320 million, which includes non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization of $472 million, goodwill and other asset impairments of $330 million and rationalizations of $108 million, cash used for working capital of ~~$482~~$520 million, and rationalization payments of ~~$73~~$101 million. Net cash used inby investing activities was ~~$257~~$390 million, primarily ~~reflecting~~representing capital expenditures of ~~$211~~$363 million. Net cash provided by financing activities was ~~$939~~$1,324 million, ~~primarily~~ due to net borrowings of ~~$978~~$1,414 million, partially offset by debt-related costs and other financing transactions of $53 million and cash used for first quarter dividends of $37 million.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had ~~$2,278~~$2,938 million of unused availability under our various credit agreements, compared to $3,554 million at December 31, 2019. The table below presents unused availability under our credit facilities at those dates:

(In millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
First lien revolving credit facility	$	1,062	$	1,662	$	1,651	$	1,662
European revolving credit facility		812		899		762		899
Chinese credit facilities		230		290		251		290
Other domestic and international debt		5		338		38		338
Notes payable and overdrafts		169		365		236		365
	$	2,278	$	3,554	$	2,938	$	3,554

We have deposited our cash and cash equivalents and entered into various credit agreements and derivative contracts with financial institutions that we considered to be substantial and creditworthy at the time of such transactions. We seek to control our exposure to these financial institutions by diversifying our deposits, credit agreements and derivative contracts across multiple financial institutions, by setting deposit and counterparty credit limits based on long term credit ratings and other indicators of credit risk such as credit default swap spreads, and by monitoring the financial strength of these financial institutions on a regular basis. We also enter into master netting agreements with counterparties when possible. By controlling and monitoring exposure to financial institutions in this manner, we believe that we effectively manage the risk of loss due to nonperformance by a financial institution. However, we cannot provide assurance that we will not experience losses or delays in accessing our deposits or lines of credit due to the nonperformance of a financial institution. Our inability to access our cash deposits or make draws on our lines of credit, or the inability of a counterparty to fulfill its contractual obligations to us, could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, financial position or results of operations in the period in which it occurs.

We expect our 2020 cash flow needs to include capital expenditures of up to $700 million. We also expect interest expense to be $350 million to $375 million; ~~restructuring~~rationalization payments to be ~~$175~~$200 million to ~~$200~~$225 million; ~~cash~~income tax payments to be approximately $60 ~~million, approximately $30 million of which were already paid during the first quarter of 2020;~~million; dividends on our common stock to be $37 million, which reflects the dividend already paid in the first quarter of 2020; and contributions to our funded non-U.S. pension plans to be approximately $25 ~~million to $50~~ million. We expect working capital to be a source of cash for the full year of ~~2020, but a use~~2020.

~~We could use approximately $1.0 billion of cash in the second quarter of 2020. As a result,~~our outstanding $282 million 8.75% notes due August 15, 2020, we expect our liquidity to ~~decline over the course of the second quarter of 2020, before recovering~~remain strong in the second half of the year. ~~For example,~~However, the borrowing base under our first lien revolving credit facility is dependent, in significant part, on our eligible accounts receivable and inventory, which have declined as a result of our lower sales and production levels due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A decline in our borrowing base would reduce our availability under the first lien revolving credit facility. Additionally, ~~our European revolving credit facility contains a leverage ratio covenant applicable~~the amounts available to ~~Goodyear Europe B.V. (“GEBV”) and its subsidiaries. While we are currently in compliance with this covenant, if we were unable to satisfy this covenant in the future or obtain a waiver~~us from ~~our lenders, we would no longer be able to access our €800 million European revolving credit facility or~~ our pan-European accounts receivable securitization ~~facility. See “Credit Sources – Covenant Compliance” below for more information regarding this covenant.~~facility and other accounts receivable factoring programs have declined since December 31, 2019 due to the decline in our accounts receivable as a result of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our sales.

We are actively monitoring our liquidity ~~including the covenant in our European revolving credit facility,~~ and have taken a number of actions aimed at mitigating the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on our cash flows and liquidity, such as suspending production at most of our manufacturing facilities during parts of the first half of 2020, reducing our second quarter payroll costs through a combination of furloughs, temporary salary reductions and salary deferrals, refinancing our first lien revolving credit facility to extend its maturity and increase its borrowing base, issuing $800 million of 9.5% senior notes due 2025, temporarily suspending the quarterly dividend on our common stock, reducing capital expenditures and discretionary spending, and using governmental relief efforts to defer payroll and other tax payments globally. We intend to operate the business in a way that allows us to address our cash flow needs with our

existing cash and available credit if they cannot be funded by cash generated from operating or other financing activities. We believe that our liquidity position is adequate to fund our operating and investing needs and debt maturities in 2020 and to provide us with the ability to respond to further changes in the business environment.

Our ability to service debt and operational requirements is also dependent, in part, on the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions of cash to various other entities in our consolidated group, whether in the form of dividends, loans or otherwise. In certain countries where we operate, such as China and South Africa, transfers of funds into or out of such countries by way of dividends, loans, advances or payments to third-party or affiliated suppliers are generally or periodically subject to certain requirements, such as obtaining approval from the foreign government and/or currency exchange board before net assets can be

transferred out of the country. In addition, certain of our credit agreements and other debt instruments limit the ability of foreign subsidiaries to make distributions of cash. Thus, we would have to repay and/or amend these credit agreements and other debt instruments in order to use this cash to service our consolidated debt. Because of the inherent uncertainty of satisfactorily meeting these requirements or limitations, we do not consider the net assets of our subsidiaries, including our Chinese and South African subsidiaries, which are subject to such requirements or limitations to be integral to our liquidity or our ability to service our debt and operational requirements. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, approximately ~~$621~~$596 million of net assets, including ~~$158~~$205 million of cash and cash equivalents, were subject to such requirements. The requirements we must comply with to transfer funds out of China and South Africa have not adversely impacted our ability to make transfers out of those countries.

Net cash used by operating activities was ~~$561~~$820 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020, increasing ~~$197~~$529 million compared to net cash used by operating activities of ~~$364~~$291 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019.

The increase in net cash used by operating activities was driven by a decrease in operating income from our SBUs of ~~$237~~$887 million and higher cash payments for rationalizations of ~~$55~~$68 million, primarily due to cash payments made during 2020 related to the voluntary buy-out plan at our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing ~~facility,~~facility. These uses of cash were partially offset by a decrease in cash used for working capital of ~~$107 million.~~$213 million, as well as the favorable impact of a $156 million change in Other Assets and Liabilities on the Balance Sheet, driven by reimbursements from foreign governments for furloughed associates, a decrease in equity investments primarily due to our 50% share of TireHub’s net losses and a decrease in deferred and other non-current income tax assets.

The decrease in cash used for working capital reflects ~~a decrease~~decreases in cash used for Accounts Receivable of ~~$219~~$481 million and Inventory of $537 million, partially offset by an increase in cash used for ~~Inventory of $77 million and~~ Accounts Payable – Trade of ~~$35~~$805 million. These changes were driven by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which included lower sales ~~volumes~~volume as well as mitigating actions taken by us, such as suspending production at our manufacturing facilities and reducing expenditures.

Net cash used by investing activities was ~~$257~~$390 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020, compared to ~~$244~~$419 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019. Capital expenditures were ~~$211~~$363 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020, compared to ~~$221~~$401 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019. Beyond expenditures required to sustain our facilities, capital expenditures in 2020 and 2019 primarily related to investments in additional 17-inch and above capacity around the world.

Net cash provided by financing activities was ~~$939~~$1,324 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of ~~$645~~$811 million in the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2019. Financing activities in 2020 included net borrowings of ~~$978~~$1,414 million, which were partially offset by debt-related costs and other financing transactions of $53 million and dividends on our common stock of $37 million. Financing activities in 2019 included net borrowings of ~~$713~~$926 million, which were partially offset by dividends on our common stock of ~~$37~~$74 million.

In aggregate, we had total credit arrangements of ~~$8,618~~$9,751 million available at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, of which ~~$2,278~~$2,938 million were unused, compared to $9,054 million available at December 31, 2019, of which $3,554 million were unused. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had long term credit arrangements totaling ~~$7,749~~$8,786 million, of which ~~$2,109~~$2,702 million were unused, compared to $8,320 million and $3,189 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had short term committed and uncommitted credit arrangements totaling ~~$869~~$965 million, of which ~~$169~~$236 million were unused, compared to $734 million and $365 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019. The continued availability of the short term uncommitted arrangements is at the discretion of the relevant lender and may be terminated at any time.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had ~~$3,305~~$4,115 million of outstanding notes compared to $3,311 million at December 31, 2019. In May 2020, we issued $800 million in aggregate principal amount of 9.5% senior notes due 2025.

$2.0 ~~Billion~~billion Amended and Restated First Lien Revolving Credit Facility due ~~2021~~2025

Our amended and restated first lien revolving credit facility is available in the form of loans or letters of credit, with letter of credit availability limited to $800 million. Availability under the facility is subject to a borrowing base, which was based primarily on (i) eligible accounts receivable and inventory of The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company and certain of its U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries, (ii) the value of our principal trademarks, and (iii) certain cash in an amount not to exceed $200 million. To the extent that our eligible accounts receivable and inventory and other components of the borrowing base decline in value, our borrowing base will decrease and the availability under the facility may decrease below $2.0 billion. In addition, if the amount of outstanding borrowings and letters of credit under the facility exceeds the borrowing base, we are required to prepay borrowings and/or cash collateralize letters of credit sufficient to eliminate the excess. As of March 31, 2020, our borrowing base, and therefore our availability, under the facility was $501 million below the facility's stated amount of $2.0 billion. During the quarter ended March 31, 2020, amounts drawn under this facility bore interest at LIBOR plus 125 basis points, and undrawn amounts under the facility were subject to an annual commitment fee of 30 basis points.

At March 31, 2020, we had $420 million of borrowings and $17 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2019, we had no borrowings and $37 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility.

On April 9, 2020, we amended and restated ~~the~~our $2.0 billion first lien revolving credit facility. Changes to the facility include extending the maturity to April 9, 2025 and increasing the borrowing base for the facility by increasing the amount attributable to the value of our principal trademarks by $100 million and adding the value of eligible machinery and equipment. The interest rate for loans under the facility increased by 50 basis points to LIBOR plus 175 basis points, based on our current liquidity, and undrawn amounts under the facility will be subject to an annual commitment fee of 25 basis points.

Our amended and restated first lien revolving credit facility is available in the form of loans or letters of credit. Up to $800 million in letters of credit and $50 million of swingline loans are available for issuance under the facility. Availability under the facility is subject to a borrowing base, which is based on (i) eligible accounts receivable and inventory of The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company and certain of its U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries, (ii) the value of our principal trademarks in an amount not to exceed $400 million, (iii) the value of eligible machinery and equipment, and (iv) certain cash in an amount not to exceed $200 million. To the extent that our eligible accounts receivable and inventory and other components of the borrowing base decline in value, our borrowing base will decrease and the availability under the facility may decrease below $2.0 billion. In addition, if the amount of outstanding borrowings and letters of credit under the facility exceeds the borrowing base, we are required to prepay borrowings and/or cash collateralize letters of credit sufficient to eliminate the excess. As of June 30, 2020, our borrowing base, and therefore our availability, under the facility was $331 million below the facility's stated amount of $2.0 billion.

At June 30, 2020, we had no borrowings and $17 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2019, we had no borrowings and $37 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we had $~~331~~333 million in letters of credit issued under bilateral letter of credit agreements.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the amounts outstanding under this facility were $400 million.

€800 ~~Million~~million Amended and Restated Senior Secured European Revolving Credit Facility due 2024

Our amended and restated European revolving credit facility consists of (i) a €180 million German tranche that is available only to Goodyear Dunlop Tires Germany GmbH (“GDTG”) and (ii) a €620 million all-borrower tranche that is available to GEBV, GDTG and Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations S.A. Up to €175 million of swingline loans and €75 million in letters of credit are available for issuance under the all-borrower tranche. Amounts drawn under this facility will bear interest at LIBOR plus 150 basis points for loans denominated in U.S. dollars or pounds sterling and EURIBOR plus 150 basis points for loans denominated in euros, and undrawn amounts under the facility are subject to an annual commitment fee of 25 basis points. Subject to the consent of the lenders whose commitments are to be increased, we may request that the facility be increased by up to €200 million.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, there were no of borrowings outstanding under the German tranche, ~~$66~~$135 million (€60120 million) of borrowings outstanding under the all-borrower tranche and no letters of credit outstanding under the European revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2019, there were no borrowings and no letters of credit outstanding under the European revolving credit facility.

Each of our first lien revolving credit facility and our European revolving credit facility have customary representations and warranties including, as a condition to borrowing, that all such representations and warranties are true and correct, in all material respects, on the date of the borrowing, including representations as to no material adverse change in our business or financial condition since December 31, 2019 under the first lien facility and December 31, 2018 under the European facility.

GEBV and certain other of our European subsidiaries are parties to a pan-European accounts receivable securitization facility that expires in 2023. The terms of the facility provide the flexibility to designate annually the maximum amount of funding available under the facility in an amount of not less than €30 million and not more than €450 million. For the period from October 18, 2018 through October 15, 2020, the designated maximum amount of the facility is €320 million.

to law, regulation or accounting standards), or (d) our request for early termination of the facility. The facility’s current back-up liquidity commitments will expire on October 15, 2020.

We have entered into payment processing agreements with several financial institutions. Under these agreements, the financial institution acts as our paying agent with respect to accounts payable due to our suppliers. These agreements also allow our suppliers to sell their receivables to the financial institutions at the sole discretion of both the supplier and the financial institution

on terms that are negotiated between them. We are not always notified when our suppliers sell receivables under these programs. Our obligations to our suppliers, including the amounts due and scheduled payment dates, are not impacted by our suppliers' decisions to sell their receivables under the programs. Agreements for such financing programs totaled up to $500 million at ~~March 31,~~ June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

After 2021, it is unclear whether banks will continue to provide LIBOR submissions to the administrator of LIBOR, and no consensus currently exists as to what benchmark rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR. In the United States,

efforts to identify a set of alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rates include proposals by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee that has been convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Additionally, the

International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. launched a consultation on technical issues related to new benchmark fallbacks for derivative contracts that reference certain interbank offered rates, including LIBOR. We cannot currently predict the effect of the discontinuation of, or other changes to, LIBOR or any establishment of alternative reference rates in the United States, the European Union or elsewhere on the global capital markets. The uncertainty regarding the future of LIBOR, as well as the transition from LIBOR to any alternative reference rate or rates, could have adverse impacts on floating rate obligations, loans, deposits, derivatives and other financial instruments that currently use LIBOR as a benchmark rate. We have identified and evaluated our financing obligations and other contracts that refer to LIBOR and expect to be able to transition those obligations and contracts to an alternative reference rate in the event of the discontinuation of LIBOR. Our amended and restated first lien revolving credit facility, our second lien term loan facility and our European revolving credit facility, which constitute the most significant of our LIBOR-based debt obligations that mature after 2021, contain “fallback” provisions that address the potential discontinuation of LIBOR and facilitate the adoption of an alternate rate of interest. We have not issued any long term floating rate notes. Our amended and restated first lien revolving credit facility and second lien term loan facility also contain express provisions for the use, at our option, of an alternative base rate (the higher of (a) the prime rate, (b) the federal funds effective rate or the overnight bank funding rate plus 50 basis points or (c) LIBOR plus 100 basis points). We do not believe that the discontinuation of LIBOR, or its replacement with an alternative reference rate or rates, will have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

For a further description of the terms of our outstanding notes, first lien revolving credit facility, second lien term loan facility,

European revolving credit facility and pan-European accounts receivable securitization facility, refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 15, Financing Arrangements and Derivative Financial Instruments, in our ~~Annual Report on~~2019 Form ~~10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the "2019 Form~~ 10‑~~K")~~K and Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 10, Financing Arrangements and Derivative Financial Instruments, in this Form 10-Q.

Our first and second lien credit facilities and some of the indentures governing our notes contain certain covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur additional debt or issue redeemable preferred stock, pay dividends, repurchase shares or make certain other restricted payments or investments, incur liens, sell assets, incur restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or to make other payments to us, enter into affiliate transactions, engage in sale and leaseback transactions, and consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. These covenants are subject to significant exceptions and qualifications. Our first and second lien credit facilities and the indentures governing our notes also have customary defaults, including cross-defaults to material indebtedness of Goodyear and its subsidiaries.

We have additional financial covenants in our first and second lien credit facilities that are currently not applicable. We only become subject to these financial covenants when certain events occur. These financial covenants and related events are as follows:

In addition, our European revolving credit facility contains non-financial covenants similar to the non-financial covenants in our first and second lien credit facilities that are described above and a financial covenant applicable only to GEBV and its subsidiaries. This financial covenant provides that we are not permitted to allow GEBV’s ratio of Consolidated Net GEBV Indebtedness to Consolidated GEBV EBITDA for a period of four consecutive fiscal quarters to be greater than 3.0 to 1.0 at the end of any fiscal quarter. Consolidated Net GEBV Indebtedness is determined net of the sum of cash and cash equivalents in

excess of $100 million held by GEBV and its subsidiaries, cash and cash equivalents in excess of $150 million held by the Parent Company and its U.S. subsidiaries, and availability under our first lien revolving credit facility if the ratio of EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense described above is not applicable and the conditions to borrowing under the first lien revolving credit facility are met. Consolidated Net GEBV Indebtedness also excludes loans from other consolidated Goodyear entities. This financial covenant is also included in our pan-European accounts receivable securitization facility. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we were in compliance with this financial covenant.

Our credit facilities also state that we may only incur additional debt or make restricted payments that are not otherwise expressly permitted if, after giving effect to the debt incurrence or the restricted payment, our ratio of EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense for the prior four fiscal quarters would exceed 2.0 to 1.0. Certain of our senior note indentures have substantially similar limitations on incurring debt and making restricted payments. Our credit facilities and indentures also permit the incurrence of additional debt through other provisions in those agreements without regard to our ability to satisfy the ratio-based incurrence test described above. We believe that these other provisions provide us with sufficient flexibility to incur additional debt necessary to meet our operating, investing and financing needs without regard to our ability to satisfy the ratio-based incurrence test.

Covenants could change based upon a refinancing or amendment of an existing facility, or additional covenants may be added in connection with the incurrence of new debt.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, we were in compliance with the currently applicable material covenants imposed by our principal credit facilities and indentures.

The terms “Available Cash,” “EBITDA,” “Consolidated Interest Expense,” “Consolidated Net Secured Indebtedness,” “Pro Forma Senior Secured Leverage Ratio,” “Consolidated Net GEBV Indebtedness” and “Consolidated GEBV EBITDA” have the meanings given them in the respective credit facilities.

In addition to our previous financing activities, we may seek to undertake additional financing actions which could include restructuring bank debt or capital markets transactions, possibly including the issuance of additional debt or equity. Given the inherent uncertainty of market conditions, access to the capital markets cannot be assured.

Our future liquidity requirements may make it necessary for us to incur additional debt. However, a substantial portion of our assets are already subject to liens securing our indebtedness. As a result, we are limited in our ability to pledge our remaining assets as security for additional secured indebtedness. In addition, no assurance can be given as to our ability to raise additional unsecured debt.

Under our primary credit facilities and some of our note indentures, we are permitted to pay dividends on and repurchase our capital stock (which constitute restricted payments) as long as no default will have occurred and be continuing, additional indebtedness can be incurred under the credit facilities or indentures following the payment, and certain financial tests are satisfied.

first ~~three~~six months of 2020. On April 16, 2020, we announced that we have temporarily suspended the quarterly dividend on our common stock.

The restrictions imposed by our credit facilities and indentures did not affect our ability to pay the dividends on our common stock described above, and are not expected to affect our ability to pay similar dividends in the future when we reinstate our dividend.

The restrictions on asset sales imposed by our material indebtedness have not affected our ability to divest non-core businesses, and those divestitures have not affected our ability to comply with those restrictions.

Certain of our subsidiaries, which are listed on Exhibit 22 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are generally holding companies or smaller operating companies, have guaranteed our obligations under the $282 million outstanding principal amount of 8.75% notes due 2020, the $1.0 billion outstanding principal amount of 5.125% senior notes due 2023, the $800 million outstanding principal amount of 9.5% senior notes due 2025, the $900 million outstanding principal amount of 5% senior notes due 2026 and the $700 million outstanding principal amount of 4.875% senior notes due 2027 (collectively, the “Notes”).

The Notes have been issued by The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company (the “Parent Company”) and are its senior unsecured obligations. The Notes rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future senior unsecured obligations and senior to any of our future subordinated indebtedness. The Notes are effectively subordinated to our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the assets securing that indebtedness. The Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint

and several basis by each of our wholly-owned U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries that also guarantee our obligations under certain of our senior secured credit facilities (such guarantees, the “Guarantees”; and, such guaranteeing subsidiaries, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”). The Guarantees are senior unsecured obligations of the Subsidiary Guarantors and rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future senior unsecured obligations of our Subsidiary Guarantors. The Guarantees are effectively subordinated to existing and future secured indebtedness of the Subsidiary Guarantors to the extent of the assets securing that indebtedness.

The Notes are structurally subordinated to all of the existing and future debt and other liabilities, including trade payables, of our subsidiaries that do not guarantee the Notes (the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”). The Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries will have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay amounts due under the Notes or to make funds available to pay those amounts. Certain Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries are limited in their ability to remit funds to us by means of dividends, advances or loans due to required foreign government and/or currency exchange board approvals or limitations in credit agreements or other debt instruments of those subsidiaries.

The Subsidiary Guarantors, as primary obligors and not merely as sureties, jointly and severally irrevocably and unconditionally guarantee on a senior unsecured basis the performance and full and punctual payment when due of all obligations of the Parent Company under the Notes and the related indentures, whether for payment of principal of or interest on the Notes, expenses, indemnification or otherwise. The Guarantees of the Subsidiary Guarantors are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions.

Although the Guarantees provide the holders of Notes with a direct unsecured claim against the assets of the Subsidiary Guarantors, under U.S. federal bankruptcy law and comparable provisions of U.S. state fraudulent transfer laws, in certain circumstances a court could cancel a Guarantee and order the return of any payments made thereunder to the Subsidiary Guarantor or to a fund for the benefit of its creditors.

A court might take these actions if it found, among other things, that when the Subsidiary Guarantors incurred the debt evidenced by their Guarantee (i) they received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for the incurrence of the debt and (ii) any one of the following conditions was satisfied:

In applying the above factors, a court would likely find that a Subsidiary Guarantor did not receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value for its Guarantee, except to the extent that it benefited directly or indirectly from the issuance of the Notes. The determination of whether a guarantor was or was not rendered “insolvent” when it entered into its guarantee will vary depending on the law of the jurisdiction being applied. Generally, an entity would be considered insolvent if the sum of its debts (including contingent or unliquidated debts) is greater than all of its assets at a fair valuation or if the present fair salable value of its assets is less than the amount that will be required to pay its probable liability on its existing debts, including contingent or unliquidated debts, as they mature.

Under Canadian federal bankruptcy and insolvency laws and comparable provincial laws on preferences, fraudulent conveyances or other challengeable or voidable transactions, the Guarantees could be challenged as a preference, fraudulent conveyance, transfer at undervalue or other challengeable or voidable transaction. The test to be applied varies among the different pieces of legislation, but as a general matter these types of challenges may arise in circumstances where:

In addition, in certain insolvency proceedings a Canadian court may subordinate claims in respect of the Guarantees to other claims against a Subsidiary Guarantor under the principle of equitable subordination if the court determines that (1) the holder

of Notes engaged in some type of inequitable or improper conduct, (2) the inequitable or improper conduct resulted in injury to other creditors or conferred an unfair advantage upon the holder of Notes and (3) equitable subordination is not inconsistent with the provisions of the relevant solvency statute.

If a court canceled a Guarantee, the holders of Notes would no longer have a claim against that Subsidiary Guarantor or its assets.

Each Guarantee is limited, by its terms, to an amount not to exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed by the applicable Subsidiary Guarantor without rendering the Guarantee, as it relates to that Subsidiary Guarantor, voidable under applicable law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally.

Each Subsidiary Guarantor is a consolidated subsidiary of the Parent Company at the date of each balance sheet presented. The following tables present summarized financial information for the Parent Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors on a combined basis after elimination of (i) intercompany transactions and balances among the Parent Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors and (ii) equity in earnings from and investments in any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary.

	Summarized Balance Sheets				Summarized Balance Sheets
(In millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Total Current Assets⁽¹⁾	$	4,760	$	4,669	$	4,474	$	4,669
Total Non-Current Assets		5,620		5,876		5,459		5,876

Total Current Liabilities	$	2,208	$	2,371	$	1,876	$	2,371
Total Non-Current Liabilities		7,182		6,796		7,527		6,796

	Summarized Statements of Operations					Summarized Statements of Operations
(In millions)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Year Ended December 31, 2019		Six Months Ended June 30, 2020			Year Ended December 31, 2019
Net Sales	$	1,553		$	7,390	$	2,676		$	7,390
Cost of Goods Sold		1,318			5,894		2,594			5,907
Selling, Administrative and General Expense		289			1,136		515			1,136
Goodwill and Other Asset Impairments							148			—
Rationalizations		5			86		73			86
Interest Expense		58			230		124			230
Other (Income) Expense		28			24		17			11
Income (Loss) before Income Taxes⁽²⁾	$	(145	)	$	20	$	(795	)	$	20

Net Income (Loss)	$	(410	)	$	303	$	(896	)	$	303
Goodyear Net Income (Loss)	$	(410	)	$	303	$	(896	)	$	303

Certain information in this Form 10-Q (other than historical data and information) may constitute forward-looking statements regarding events and trends that may affect our future operating results and financial position. The words “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and “project,” as well as other words or expressions of similar meaning, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Such statements are based on current expectations and assumptions, are inherently uncertain, are subject to risks and should be viewed with caution. Actual results and experience may differ materially from the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including:

It is not possible to foresee or identify all such factors. We will not revise or update any forward-looking statement or disclose any facts, events or circumstances that occur after the date hereof that may affect the accuracy of any forward-looking statement.

The raw ~~materials~~material costs to which our operations are principally exposed include the cost of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, carbon black, fabrics, steel cord and other petrochemical-based commodities. Approximately two-thirds of our raw materials are petroleum-based, the cost of which may be affected by fluctuations in the price of oil. We currently do not hedge commodity prices. We do, however, use various strategies to partially offset cost increases for raw materials, including centralizing purchases of raw materials through our global procurement organization in an effort to leverage our purchasing power, expanding our capabilities to substitute lower cost raw materials, and reducing the amount of material required in each tire.

We continuously monitor our fixed and floating rate debt mix. Within defined limitations, we manage the mix using refinancing. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, ~~41%~~30% of our debt was at variable interest rates averaging ~~3.41%~~3.03%.

The following table presents information about long term fixed rate debt, excluding finance leases, at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020:

(In millions)
Carrying amount — liability	$	3,436	$	4,299
Fair value — liability		3,111		4,196
Pro forma fair value — liability		3,243		4,354

The pro forma information assumes a 100 basis point decrease in market interest rates at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, and reflects the estimated fair value of fixed rate debt outstanding at that date under that assumption. The sensitivity of our fixed rate debt to changes in interest rates was determined using current market pricing models.

We enter into foreign currency contracts in order to reduce the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on our consolidated results of operations and future foreign currency-denominated cash flows. These contracts reduce exposure to currency movements affecting existing foreign currency-denominated assets, liabilities, firm commitments and forecasted transactions resulting primarily from trade purchases and sales, equipment acquisitions, intercompany loans and royalty agreements. Contracts hedging short term trade receivables and payables normally have no hedging designation.

The following table presents net foreign currency contract information at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020:

(In millions)
Fair value — asset (liability)	$	46		$	(16	)
Pro forma decrease in fair value		(224	)		(213	)
Contract maturities	4/20-2/22			7/20-5/21

The pro forma decrease in fair value assumes a 10% adverse change in underlying foreign exchange rates at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, and reflects the estimated change in the fair value of contracts outstanding at that date under that assumption. The sensitivity of our foreign currency positions to changes in exchange rates was determined using current market pricing models.

Fair values are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 as follows:

(In millions)
Current asset (liability):
Accounts receivable	$	50		$	6
Other current liabilities		(8	)		(22	)

Long term asset (liability):
Other assets	$	4		$	—
Other long term liabilities		—			—

For further information on foreign currency contracts, refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 10, Financing Arrangements and Derivative Financial Instruments. Refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources” for a discussion of our management of counterparty risk.

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures” which, consistent with Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, we define to mean controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the ~~SEC’s~~Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive and financial officers, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive and financial officers have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020 (the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

As reported in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, we were one of numerous defendants in legal proceedings in certain state and federal courts involving approximately 39,600 claimants relating to their alleged exposure to materials containing asbestos in products allegedly manufactured by us or asbestos materials present in our facilities. During the first ~~three~~six months of 2020, approximately ~~300~~600 new claims were filed against us and approximately ~~700~~1,400 were settled or dismissed. The amounts expended on asbestos defense and claim resolution by Goodyear and its insurance carriers during the second quarter and the first ~~quarter~~six months of 2020 was ~~$2 million.~~$3 million and $5 million, respectively. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, there were approximately ~~39,200~~38,800 asbestos claims pending against us. The plaintiffs are seeking unspecified actual and punitive damages and other relief. Refer to Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 14, Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, for additional information on asbestos litigation.

Approximately 850 former employees of the closed Amiens, France manufacturing facility have asserted wrongful termination or other claims totaling approximately €140 million ($157 million) against Goodyear France SAS. On May 28, 2020, Goodyear France SAS received a judgment from the labor court with respect to approximately 790 of these former employees. As a result of this ruling, we accrued €22 million ($25 million) in the second quarter of 2020 for estimated damages. We have appealed this ruling and will continue to vigorously defend ourselves against these claims and any additional claims that may be asserted against us.

Reference is made to Item 3 of Part I of our 2019 Form 10-K and to Item 1 of Part II of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020 for additional discussion of legal proceedings.

Our results of operations have been adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our future results of operations, financial condition and liquidity are expected to be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and that impact may be material.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant volatility in the global economy and led to a dramatic reduction in economic activity worldwide. International, federal, state and local public health and governmental authorities have taken extraordinary actions to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 throughout most regions of the world, including travel bans, quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders and similar mandates that have caused many individuals to substantially restrict their daily activities and many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations.

The tire industry has been particularly negatively impacted by this evolving situation, characterized by a sudden and sharp decline in replacement tire demand and original equipment manufacturers suspending or severely limiting automobile production globally. Our results have been, and are likely to continue to be, adversely impacted by this economic disruption, including lower tire unit ~~volumes,~~volume, sales, income and cash flow. In addition, our ability to continue implementing important strategic initiatives and capital expenditures may be reduced as we devote time and other resources to responding to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In March 2020, we announced the suspension of production at our manufacturing facilities in Europe and the Americas due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ~~Throughout the first quarter of 2020, production~~Production was ~~also~~ suspended or significantly limited ~~in several other locations globally,~~at most ~~notably at~~of our ~~Pulandian, China~~ manufacturing ~~facility. Our Pulandian facility resumed production in February~~facilities around the world during parts of the first half of 2020. During the second quarter of 2020, ~~and~~ we ~~currently plan~~completed a phased restart of ~~production in Europe~~our manufacturing facilities and ~~the Americas during the second quarter.~~gradually increased tire production. Our decisions to ~~resume~~increase production further will be based on an evaluation of market demand signals, inventory and supply levels, as well as our ability to continue to safeguard the health of our associates. While we intend to ~~resume~~further increase production ~~as described above,~~during the second half of 2020, we may experience unexpected delays or obstacles, such as disruptions in our supply chain or government mandates, that may hamper our ability to ~~resume operations.~~do so. Further, we may not be able to operate at optimal levels of efficiency given new work rules and procedures that ~~will need to be~~were implemented to protect our associates. The ~~continued~~ suspension of production at some of our manufacturing facilities, or difficulties or inefficiencies in resuming or increasing production, is likely to adversely impact our future results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and that impact may be material.

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash generated from our operating and financing activities. Our cash flows from operating activities are driven primarily by our operating results and changes in our working capital requirements and our cash flows from financing activities are dependent upon our ability to access credit or other capital. If the COVID-19 pandemic continues for an extended period of time or worsens, our liquidity position may deteriorate. While we are actively monitoring our liquidity and have taken a number of actions aimed at mitigating the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on our cash flows and liquidity, our cash ~~flow~~flows from operating activities may continue to decline if global economic activity remains low and we may be unable to have sufficient access to credit or other capital. For example, the borrowing base under our first lien revolving credit

facility is dependent, in significant part, on our eligible accounts receivable and inventory, which have declined as a result of our lower sales and production levels due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, our European revolving credit facility contains a leverage ratio covenant applicable to Goodyear Europe B.V. and its subsidiaries. While we are currently in compliance with this covenant, if we were unable to satisfy this covenant in the future or obtain a waiver from our lenders, we would no longer be able to access our €800 million European revolving credit facility or our pan-European accounts receivable securitization facility.

The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity will depend on future developments, such as the ultimate duration and scope of the pandemic, its impact on our customers and suppliers, how quickly normal economic conditions, operations and the demand for our products can resume, and whether the pandemic leads to recessionary conditions in any of our key markets. Government-sponsored liquidity or stimulus programs in response to the

COVID-19 pandemic may not be available to us or our customers or suppliers, and if available, may be insufficient to address the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the ultimate impact on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity cannot be determined at this time.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated several of the risks disclosed in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2019 Form 10-K, including, but not limited to, the following (which are identified by their caption):

~~Refer~~Reference is made to ~~"Item 1A. Risk Factors" in~~Item 1A of Part I of our 2019 Form 10-K and to Item 1A of Part II of our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020 for a discussion of our risk factors.

Refer to the Index of Exhibits, which is by specific reference incorporated into and made a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

200 Innovation Way, Akron, Ohio		44316-0001
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
	ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
	ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
	ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
	ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
	ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
~~EX-10.1~~
~~EX-10.2~~
EX-22
EX-31.1
EX-31.2
EX-32.1
EX-101.INS INSTANCE DOCUMENT
EX-101.SCH SCHEMA DOCUMENT
EX-101.CAL CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
EX-101.DEF DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
EX-101.LAB LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
EX-101.PRE PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
EX-104



Exhibit Table Item No.	Description of Exhibit	Exhibit Number
104	~~Material Contracts~~

~~(a)~~	~~Amended and Restated First Lien Credit Agreement, dated as~~Instruments Defining the Rights of ~~April 9, 2020, among the Company, the lenders and issuing banks party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent.~~	~~10.1~~

~~(b)~~	First Lien Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of April 8, 2005, as amended and restated as of April 9, 2020, among the Company, the subsidiaries of the Company identified therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Collateral Agent.	~~10.2~~

~~(c)~~	~~Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Retention Grant Agreement (incorporated by reference, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 28, 2020, File No. 1-1927).~~Security Holders, Including Indentures

~~(d)~~	~~Form~~Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of ~~Performance Share Continuous Vesting Grant Agreement~~May 18, 2020, among the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference, filed as Exhibit ~~10.2~~4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed ~~February 28, 2020, File No. 1-1927).~~

~~(e)~~	Form of Executive Performance Unit Continuous Vesting Grant Agreement (incorporated by reference, filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 28, 2020, File No. 1-1927).

~~(f)~~	~~Form of Restricted Stock Unit Continuous Vesting Grant Agreement (incorporated by reference, filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 28,~~May 18, 2020, File No. 1-1927).

22	List of Subsidiary Guarantors

31	Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications

(a)	Certificate of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	31.1

(b)	Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	31.2

32	Section 1350 Certifications

(a)	Certificate of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	32.1

101	Interactive Data Files

	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	101.INS

	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	101.SCH

	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	101.CAL

	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	101.DEF

	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	101.LAB

	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	101.PRE

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File

	The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the quarter ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

		THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY
		(Registrant)

Date:	~~April 30,~~July 31, 2020	By	/s/ EVAN M. SCOCOS
		Evan M. Scocos, Vice President and Controller (Signing on behalf of the Registrant as a duly authorized officer of the Registrant and signing as the Principal Accounting Officer of the Registrant.)

(In millions)	Balance at January 1, 2020		Current period provision		Write-offs charged against the allowance			Recoveries of amounts previously written off		Translation			Balance at March 31, 2020
Americas	$	38	$	—	$	(1	)	$	—	$	(3	)	$	34
Europe, Middle East & Africa		78		14		(1	)		—		(4	)		87
Asia		10		—		—			—		—			10
Total	$	126	$	14	$	(2	)	$	—	$	(7	)	$	131

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
			Europe, Middle East
(In millions)	Americas		and Africa			Asia Pacific		Total
Tire unit sales	$	2,141	$	1,499		$	647	$	4,287
Other tire and related sales		260		135			46		441
Retail services and service related sales		261		35			28		324
Chemical sales		140		—			—		140
Other		5		2	��		1		8
Net Sales by reportable segment	$	2,807	$	1,671		$	722	$	5,200

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
			Europe, Middle East
(In millions)	Americas		and Africa		Asia Pacific		Total
Tire unit sales	$	3,034	$	2,155	$	925	$	6,114
Other tire and related sales		311		190		62		563
Retail services and service related sales		270		15		32		317
Chemical sales		223		—		—		223
Other		9		2		2		13
Net Sales by reportable segment	$	3,847	$	2,362	$	1,021	$	7,230