Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of ~~July~~April 27, ~~2020,~~2021, the registrant had ~~55,125,265~~55,356,545 shares of common stock outstanding.

ASSETS	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019			March 31, 2021			December 31, 2020
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	428.9		$	414.6		$	699.8		$	608.3
Short-term investments		178.1			109.4			209.7			227.7
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1.9 and $1.8 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		381.1			341.1
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2.2 and $2.0 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively								420.8			392.7
Inventories		490.2			462.1			515.2			501.4
Other current assets		91.5			106.3			77.0			74.3
Total current assets		1,569.8			1,433.5			1,922.5			1,804.4

Property, plant and equipment, net		248.4			241.9			297.0			284.3
Right-of-use asset		174.3			64.5			182.7			184.4
Goodwill		1,058.1			1,058.5			1,062.1			1,066.4
Intangible assets, net		534.4			564.6			498.4			512.2
Long-term investments		6.0			5.8			6.5			6.5
Other assets		40.1			47.5			48.7			45.6
Total assets	$	3,631.1		$	3,416.3		$	4,017.9		$	3,903.8

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term debt	$	11.3		$	12.1		$	9.3		$	14.5
Accounts payable		105.0			88.4			146.7			110.6
Accrued compensation		104.3			100.9			76.3			117.9
Income taxes payable		16.0			15.4			19.9			18.3
Lease liability		16.7			20.6			13.8			15.8
Deferred revenue and customer advances		28.7			21.5			35.4			31.2
Other current liabilities		69.6			58.8			70.5			65.6
Total current liabilities		351.6			317.7			371.9			373.9

Long-term debt, net		818.6			871.7			813.3			815.0
Non-current deferred taxes		71.0			72.4			71.2			59.2
Non-current accrued compensation		43.6			43.9			47.4			49.5
Non-current lease liability		162.3			44.8			191.7			187.4
Other liabilities		57.4			42.5
Other non-current liabilities								53.4			57.9
Total liabilities		1,504.5			1,393.0			1,548.9			1,542.9
Commitments and contingencies (Note 19)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, 2,000,000 shares authorized; NaN issued and outstanding		—			—			—			—
Common Stock, no par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 55,078,833 and 54,596,183 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		0.1			0.1
Common Stock, no par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 55,257,268 and 55,196,501 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively								0.1			0.1
Additional paid-in capital		858.7			864.3			877.9			873.2
Retained earnings		1,302.0			1,181.2			1,598.5			1,487.3
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(34.2	)		(22.3	)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income								(7.5	)		0.3
Total stockholders’ equity		2,126.6			2,023.3			2,469.0			2,360.9
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	3,631.1		$	3,416.3		$	4,017.9		$	3,903.8

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019			2021			2020
Net revenues:
Products	$	473.0		$	401.3		$	934.2		$	798.7		$	605.0		$	461.2
Services		71.3			72.8			145.8			139.0			88.9			74.5
Total net revenues		544.3			474.1			1,080.0			937.7			693.9			535.7
Cost of revenues:
Cost of products		258.0			226.2			514.1			455.9			322.6			256.1
Cost of services		40.0			36.9			80.0			72.6			49.2			40.0
Total cost of revenues (exclusive of amortization shown separately below)		298.0			263.1			594.1			528.5			371.8			296.1
Gross profit		246.3			211.0			485.9			409.2			322.1			239.6
Research and development		42.8			41.9			85.2			80.8			47.2			42.4
Selling, general and administrative		86.1			83.2			173.3			165.7			95.9			87.2
Acquisition and integration costs		0.7			3.2			2.9			33.4			6.2			2.2
Restructuring and other		3.3			1.2			3.7			3.2			4.9			0.4
Amortization of intangible assets		13.8			17.6			30.1			33.3			12.4			16.3
Asset impairment		—			—			1.2			—			—			1.2
COVID-19 related net credits		(1.2	)		—			(1.2	)		—
Fees and expenses related to repricing of Term Loan		—			—			—			5.8
Income from operations		100.8			63.9			190.7			87.0			155.5			89.9
Interest income		0.3			1.4			1.0			3.1			0.2			0.7
Interest expense		7.2			12.7			16.1			21.8			6.4			8.9
Other expense, net		1.5			0.8			1.9			1.1			1.1			0.4
Income before income taxes		92.4			51.8			173.7			67.2			148.2			81.3
Provision for income taxes		18.7			14.1			30.9			17.0			25.9			12.2
Net income	$	73.7		$	37.7		$	142.8		$	50.2		$	122.3		$	69.1
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Changes in value of financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges	$	(1.0	)	$	(7.8	)	$	(7.0	)	$	(7.8	)
Changes in value of financial instruments designated as hedges													$	11.0		$	(6.0	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		6.2			0.6			(5.0	)		(3.7	)		(18.8	)		(11.2	)
Net actuarial loss on pension and post-retirement benefits		(0.1	)		—			—			—
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments		—			(0.1	)		0.1			(0.1	)
Unrecognized pension (loss) gain														(0.4	)		0.1
Unrealized gain on investments														0.4			0.1
Total comprehensive income	$	78.8		$	30.4		$	130.9		$	38.6		$	114.5		$	52.1
Net income per share:
Basic	$	1.34		$	0.69		$	2.60		$	0.92		$	2.21		$	1.26
Diluted	$	1.33		$	0.69		$	2.58		$	0.91		$	2.20		$	1.25
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		55.1			54.8			55.0			54.5			55.3			54.9
Diluted		55.3			55.1			55.3			55.0			55.6			55.2

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Retained			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’			Common Stock				Additional						Accumulated Other			Total
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Earnings			Income/(Loss)			Equity			Shares		Amount		Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Comprehensive Income/(Loss)			Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019		54,596,183	$	0.1	$	864.3		$	1,181.2		$	(22.3	)	$	2,023.3
Balance at December 31, 2020																		55,196,501	$	0.1	$	873.2		$	1,487.3		$	0.3		$	2,360.9
Net issuance under stock-based plans		276,800				(20.4	)								(20.4	)		60,767				(5.3	)								(5.3	)
Stock-based compensation						8.5									8.5							10.0									10.0
Cash dividend ($0.20 per common share)									(11.0	)					(11.0	)									(11.1	)					(11.1	)
Comprehensive income (net of tax):
Net income									69.1						69.1										122.3						122.3
Other comprehensive loss												(17.0	)		(17.0	)												(7.8	)		(7.8	)
Balance at March 31, 2020		54,872,983		0.1		852.4			1,239.3			(39.3	)		2,052.5
Net issuance under stock-based plans		205,850				(0.5	)								(0.5	)
Stock-based compensation						6.8									6.8
Cash dividend ($0.20 per common share)									(11.0	)					(11.0	)
Comprehensive income (net of tax):
Net income									73.7						73.7
Other comprehensive income												5.1			5.1
Balance at June 30, 2020		55,078,833	$	0.1	$	858.7		$	1,302.0		$	(34.2	)	$	2,126.6
Balance at March 31, 2021																		55,257,268	$	0.1	$	877.9		$	1,598.5		$	(7.5	)	$	2,469.0

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Retained			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’			Common Stock				Additional						Accumulated Other			Total
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Earnings			Income/(Loss)			Equity			Shares		Amount		Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Comprehensive Loss			Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018		54,039,554	$	0.1	$	793.9		$	1,084.8		$	(5.6	)	$	1,873.2
Balance at December 31, 2019																		54,596,183	$	0.1	$	864.3		$	1,181.2		$	(22.3	)	$	2,023.3
Net issuance under stock-based plans		192,218				22.5									22.5			276,800				(20.4	)								(20.4	)
Stock-based compensation						27.8									27.8							8.5									8.5
Cash dividend ($0.20 per common share)									(10.8	)					(10.8	)									(11.0	)					(11.0	)
Comprehensive income (net of tax):
Net income									12.4						12.4										69.1						69.1
Other comprehensive loss												(4.3	)		(4.3	)												(17.0	)		(17.0	)
Balance at March 31, 2019		54,231,772		0.1		844.2			1,086.4			(9.9	)		1,920.8
Net issuance under stock-based plans		247,920				(2.1	)								(2.1	)
Stock-based compensation						7.2									7.2
Cash dividend ($0.20 per common share)									(10.9	)					(10.9	)
Stock dividends accrued						0.2			(0.2	)					—
Comprehensive income (net of tax):
Net income									37.7						37.7
Other comprehensive loss												(7.3	)		(7.3	)
Balance at June 30, 2019		54,479,692	$	0.1	$	849.5		$	1,113.0		$	(17.2	)	$	1,945.4
Balance at March 31, 2020																		54,872,983	$	0.1	$	852.4		$	1,239.3		$	(39.3	)	$	2,052.5

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2021			2020
Cash flows provided by operating activities:
Net income	$	142.8		$	50.2		$	122.3		$	69.1
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		52.5			52.7			23.8			28.4
Amortization of inventory step-up adjustment to fair value		—			7.6
Amortization of debt issuance costs, original issue discount and soft call premium		1.6			2.9
Amortization of debt issuance costs, original issue discount, and soft call premium								0.5			1.1
Stock-based compensation		15.3			34.8			10.0			8.5
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory		12.9			12.1			4.9			6.2
Provision (recovery) for doubtful accounts		0.2			(0.7	)
Provision for doubtful accounts								(0.3	)		0.2
Deferred income taxes		3.4			(2.6	)		9.5			0.6
Asset impairment		1.2			—			—			1.2
Other		0.3			0.9			0.1			(0.1	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquired:
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		(41.3	)		27.2			(33.1	)		(42.5	)
Inventories		(41.5	)		(30.8	)		(24.1	)		(20.3	)
Income taxes		8.9			(3.9	)
Other current and non-current assets		16.3			(0.9	)		6.3			10.1
Accounts payable								36.8			22.7
Accrued compensation		2.9			(17.8	)		(41.9	)		(19.3	)
Income taxes payable								0.3			1.0
Other current and non-current liabilities		21.7			(0.4	)		11.8			8.0
Accounts payable		16.7			(24.7	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		213.9			106.6			126.9			74.9

Cash flows used in investing activities:
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired		—			(988.6	)
Cash flows (used in) provided by investing activities:
Purchases of investments		(194.5	)		(117.9	)		(185.7	)		(30.2	)
Maturities of investments		97.3			40.4			95.3			49.5
Sales of investments		28.7			157.7			107.7			28.7
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(30.9	)		(28.2	)		(26.5	)		(10.0	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(99.4	)		(936.6	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities								(9.2	)		38.0

Cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities:
Net proceeds from short and long-term borrowings		16.7			640.9
Payments on short and long-term borrowings		(72.0	)		(53.6	)
Cash flows used in financing activities:
Net proceeds from borrowings								0.5			12.1
Payments on short-term borrowings								(5.4	)		(9.9	)
Payments on long-term borrowings								(2.2	)		(52.3	)
Dividend payments								(11.1	)		(11.0	)
Net payments related to employee stock awards		(20.9	)		(11.0	)		(5.3	)		(20.4	)
Dividend payments		(22.0	)		(21.7	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(98.2	)		554.6
Net cash used in financing activities								(23.5	)		(81.5	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(2.0	)		(2.0	)		(2.7	)		(4.0	)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		14.3			(277.4	)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents								91.5			27.4
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		414.6			644.3			608.3			414.6
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	428.9		$	366.9		$	699.8		$	442.0

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial ~~statements.~~

The terms “MKS” and the “Company” refer to MKS Instruments, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The interim financial data as of ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, and for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 are unaudited; however, in the opinion of MKS, the interim data includes all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. The condensed consolidated balance sheet presented as of December 31, ~~2019~~2020 has been derived from the consolidated audited financial statements as of that date. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and note disclosures required by United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the MKS Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February ~~28, 2020.~~23, 2021.

The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, inventory valuation, warranty costs, stock-based compensation, ~~inventory,~~ intangible assets, goodwill, ~~and~~ other long-lived assets ~~warranty liabilities, pension liabilities,~~and other acquisition expenses and income ~~taxes.~~taxes. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

While the Company’s operations and financial performance in certain areas of its business have been negatively impacted by the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, the impact to the Company’s financial results for the first half of 2020 was minimal due to the strong demand for its products from its semiconductor customers. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the Company’s financial results and operations for the remainder of 2020 and beyond will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or judgments or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” This standard provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to accounting guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease entities’ financial reporting burdens as the market transitions from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. The standard was effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” The amendments in this update clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform. Amendments in this update to the expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. The amendments in this update do not apply to contract modifications made after December 31, 2022, new hedging relationships entered into after December 31, 2022, and existing hedging relationships evaluated for effectiveness in periods after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that apply certain optional expedients in which the accounting effects are recorded through the end of the hedging relationship (including periods after December 31, 2022). The Company is ~~uncertain~~in the process of evaluating the ~~effects~~requirements of this standard ~~will have~~and has not yet determined the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial ~~position, results of operations and cash flows.~~statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740).” This standard simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application and simplify U.S. GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This standard is effective for annual periods, ~~beginning after December 15, 2021, including~~and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company evaluated the requirements of this ASU and the impact of pending adoption on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company does not expect that the impact of this ASU will be material to its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract.” This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by the amendments to this update. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.2020. The Company adopted this ASU during the first quarter of ~~2020~~2021 and the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations and cash ~~flows~~.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This standard introduced the expected credit losses methodology for the measurement of credit losses on financial assets that are not measured at fair value through net income and replaces today’s “incurred loss” model with an “expected credit loss” model that requires consideration of a broader range of information to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. There have been several consequential subsequent amendments to this standard. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this ASU during the first quarter of 2020 and the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The Company has various operating leases for real estate and non-real estate items. The non-real estate leases are mainly comprised of automobiles but also include office equipment and other lower-valued items. The Company does not have any finance leases.

Some of the Company’s real estate lease agreements include Company options to either extend and/or terminate the lease. The cost of these options is included in our operating lease liabilities to the extent that such options are reasonably certain of being exercised. Leases with renewal options allow the Company to extend the lease term typically between 1 to 10 years. When determining the lease term, renewal options reasonably certain of being exercised are included in the lease term. When determining if a renewal option is reasonably certain of being exercised, the Company considers several economic factors, including but not limited to, the significance of leasehold improvements made to the property, whether the physical space is difficult to replace, underlying contractual obligations, and specific characteristics unique to that particular lease that would make it reasonably certain that the Company would exercise such an option.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded $122.6 of additional right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to three new leases that commenced and one existing lease that was extended during the period.

The Company has existing leases that include variable lease and non-lease components that are not included in the right-of-use asset and lease liability, and are reflected as expenses in the periods incurred. Such payments primarily include common area maintenance charges and increases in rent payments that are driven by factors such as future changes in an index (e.g., the Consumer Price Index).

The weighted average discount rate and the weighted average remaining lease term were 3.0% and 15.3 years, respectively, as of June 30, 2020. The weighted average discount rate and weighted average remaining lease term were 3.8% and 5.1 years, respectively, as of June 30, 2019. Operating cash flows used for operating leases for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $11.8 and $11.5, respectively.

~~Future lease payments under non-cancelable leases as of June 30, 2020 are detailed as follows:~~

The remaining 2020 lease payment amount of $2.5 and the 2021 lease payment amount of $11.7 are net of tenant improvement allowances of $8.6 and $8.8, respectively. Amounts presented above do not include payments relating to immaterial leases excluded from the balance sheet as part of transition elections adopted upon implementation of ASU 2016-02,“Leases”, on January 1, 2019, as well as operating leases with terms of less than twelve months.

Contract assets as of ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020 were $3.5 and ~~$3.5,~~$3.7, respectively, and are included in other current assets.

A rollforward of the Company’s deferred revenue and customer advances is as follows:

							Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended
	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020			Six Months Ended June 30, 2019			March 31, 2021			March 31, 2020
Beginning balance, January 1⁽¹⁾	$	24.8		$	17.5		$	36.7		$	24.8
Deferred revenue and customer advances assumed in ESI Merger		—			4.6
Additions to deferred revenue and customer advances		46.6			34.8			25.5			17.7
Amount of deferred revenue and customer advances recognized in income		(38.0	)		(27.4	)		(22.3	)		(17.1	)
Ending balance, June 30⁽²⁾	$	33.4		$	29.5
Ending balance, March 31⁽²⁾							$	39.9		$	25.4

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020								Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Vacuum & Analysis		Light & Motion		Equipment & Solutions		Total		Vacuum & Analysis		Light & Motion		Equipment & Solutions		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	273.4	$	150.7	$	48.9	$	473.0	$	379.2	$	165.0	$	60.8	$	605.0
Services		41.1		15.3		14.9		71.3		56.6		17.0		15.3		88.9
Total net revenues	$	314.5	$	166.0	$	63.8	$	544.3	$	435.8	$	182.0	$	76.1	$	693.9

Product revenue, excluding revenue from certain custom products, is recorded at a point in time, while the majority of the service revenue and revenue from certain custom products is recorded over time.

Refer to Note 1716 for revenue by reportable segment, ~~geography~~geographic area and ~~product and service offerings.~~groupings of similar products.

The following tables show the gross unrealized gains and (losses) aggregated by investment category for available-for-sale investments:

As of June 30, 2020:	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value
As of March 31, 2021:									Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value
Short-term investments:
Available-for-sale investments:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit	$	0.3	$	—	$	—	$	0.3	$	12.8	$	—	$	—	$	12.8
Bankers’ acceptance drafts		2.5		—		—		2.5
Bankers' acceptance drafts										4.2		—		—		4.2
Commercial paper		3.8		—		—		3.8		60.9		—		—		60.9
U.S. treasury obligations		165.2		—		—		165.2		131.8		—		—		131.8
U.S. agency obligations		6.3		—		—		6.3
	$	178.1	$	—	$	—	$	178.1	$	209.7	$	—	$	—	$	209.7

The tables above, which show the gross unrealized gains and (losses) aggregated by investment category for available-for-sale investments as of ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, reflect the inclusion within short-term investments of investments with contractual maturities greater than one year from the date of purchase. Management has the ability, if necessary, to liquidate any of its investments in order to meet the Company’s liquidity needs in the next 12 months. Accordingly, those investments with contractual maturities greater than one year from the date of purchase are classified as short-term on the accompanying balance sheets.

The Company reviews and evaluates its investments for any indication of possible impairment. Based on this review, the Company has determined that the unrealized losses related to these investments at June 30, 2020 were temporary.

Interest income is accrued as earned. Dividend income is recognized as income on the date the security trades “ex-dividend.” The cost of marketable securities sold is determined by the specific identification method. Realized gains or losses are reflected in income and were not material for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and ~~2019.~~March 31, 2020.

In accordance with the provisions of fair value accounting, a fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability and defines fair value based upon an exit price model.

The fair value measurement guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the Company categorizes such assets and liabilities based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

Assets and liabilities of the Company are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and are summarized as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using								Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	June 30, 2020		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		March 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	9.3	$	9.3	$	—	$	—	$	1.3	$	1.3	$	—	$	—
Commercial paper										57.2		—		57.2		—
U.S. treasury obligations		47.6		—		47.6		—		48.4		—		48.4		—
U.S. agency obligations		24.8		—		24.8		—
Available-for-sale investments:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit		0.3		—		0.3		—		12.8		—		12.8		—
Bankers' acceptance drafts		2.5		—		2.5		—		4.2		—		4.2		—
Commercial paper		3.8		—		3.8		—		60.9		—		60.9		—
U.S. treasury obligations		165.2		—		165.2		—		131.8		—		131.8		—
U.S. agency obligations		6.3		—		6.3		—
Group insurance contracts		6.0		—		6.0		—		6.5		—		6.5		—
Derivatives – currency forward contracts		1.6		—		1.6		—
Derivatives – foreign exchange forward contracts										2.2		—		2.2		—
Derivatives – interest rate hedge-non-current										5.1		—		5.1
Funds in investments and other assets:
Israeli pension assets		16.7		—		16.7		—		18.2		—		18.2		—
Deferred compensation plan assets:
Mutual funds and exchange traded funds		1.4		—		1.4		—		1.4		—		1.4		—
Money market securities		0.1		—		0.1		—
Total assets	$	285.6	$	9.3	$	276.3	$	—	$	350.0	$	1.3	$	348.7	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivatives – currency forward contracts	$	0.9	$	—	$	0.9	$	—
Derivatives – interest rate hedge – current		0.3		—		0.3		—
Derivatives – interest rate hedge – non-current		15.3		—		15.3		—
Derivatives – foreign exchange forward contracts									$	1.9	$	—	$	1.9	$	—
Derivatives – interest rate hedge - non-current										10.6		—		10.6		—
Total liabilities	$	16.5	$	—	$	16.5	$	—	$	12.5	$	—	$	12.5	$	—
Reported as follows:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents⁽¹⁾	$	81.7	$	9.3	$	72.4	$	—	$	106.9	$	1.3	$	105.6	$	—
Short-term investments		178.1		—		178.1		—		209.7		—		209.7		—
Other current assets		1.6		—		1.6		—		2.2		—		2.2		—
Total current assets	$	261.4	$	9.3	$	252.1	$	—	$	318.8	$	1.3	$	317.5	$	—
Long-term investments	$	6.0	$	—	$	6.0	$	—	$	6.5	$	—	$	6.5	$	—
Other assets		18.2		—		18.2		—		24.7		—		24.7		—
Total long-term assets	$	24.2	$	—	$	24.2	$	—	$	31.2	$	—	$	31.2	$	—
Liabilities:
Other current liabilities	$	1.2	$	—	$	1.2	$	—	$	1.9	$	—	$	1.9	$	—
Other liabilities	$	15.3	$	—	$	15.3	$	—	$	10.6	$	—	$	10.6	$	—

Assets and liabilities of the Company are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, ~~2019~~2020 and are summarized as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using								Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		December 31, 2020		Quoted Prices in Active��Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	0.6	$	0.6	$	—	$	—	$	1.3	$	1.3	$	—	$	—
Time deposits and certificates of deposit		2.2		—		2.2		—
Commercial paper		42.6		—		42.6		—		0.3	$	—		0.3		—
U.S. treasury obligations		2.7		—		2.7		—		62.1		—		62.1		—
U.S. agency obligations		17.1		—		17.1		—
Available-for-sale securities:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit		13.1		—		13.1		—		0.7		—		0.7		—
Bankers' acceptance drafts		4.0		—		4.0		—		3.8		—		3.8		—
Commercial paper		61.2		—		61.2		—
U.S. treasury obligations		5.0		—		5.0		—		223.2		—		223.2		—
U.S. agency obligations		26.1		—		26.1		—
Group insurance contracts		5.8		—		5.8		—		6.5		—		6.5		—
Derivatives – currency forward contracts		1.1		—		1.1		—
Derivatives –interest rate hedge - current		0.8		—		0.8		—
Funds in investments and other assets:
Israeli pension assets		16.7		—		16.7		—		18.8		—		18.8		—
Deferred compensation plan assets:
Mutual funds and exchange traded funds		2.0		—		2.0		—		1.7		—		1.7		—
Money market funds		0.5		—		0.5		—
Total assets	$	201.5	$	0.6	$	200.9	$	—	$	318.4	$	1.3	$	317.1	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivatives – currency forward contracts	$	0.3	$	—	$	0.3	$	—
Derivatives – foreign exchange forward contracts									$	6.5	$	—	$	6.5	$	—
Derivatives – interest rate hedge - non-current		6.5		—		6.5		—		14.0		—		14.0		—
Total liabilities	$	6.8	$	—	$	6.8	$	—	$	20.5	$	—	$	20.5	$	—
Reported as follows:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents⁽¹⁾	$	65.2	$	0.6	$	64.6	$	—	$	63.7	$	1.3	$	62.4	$	—
Short-term investments		109.4		—		109.4		—		227.7		—		227.7		—
Other current assets		1.9		—		1.9		—
Total current assets	$	176.5	$	0.6	$	175.9	$	—	$	291.4	$	1.3	$	290.1	$	—
Long-term investments	$	5.8	$	—	$	5.8	$	—	$	6.5	$	—	$	6.5	$	—
Other assets		19.2		—		19.2		—		20.5		—		20.5		—
Total long-term assets	$	25.0	$	—	$	25.0	$	—	$	27.0	$	—	$	27.0	$	—
Liabilities:
Other current liabilities	$	0.3	$	—	$	0.3	$	—	$	6.5	$	—	$	6.5	$	—
Other liabilities	$	6.5	$	—	$	6.5	$	—	$	14.0	$	—	$	14.0	$	—

Money market funds are cash and cash equivalents and are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

As of ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, available-for-sale investments consisted of time deposits, ~~and drafts denominated in the Euro currency,~~ certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptance drafts, commercial paper, U.S. treasury obligations ~~U.S. agency obligations~~ and group insurance contracts.

The Company measures its debt and equity investments at fair value. The Company’s available-for-sale investments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Israeli pension assets represent investments in mutual funds, government securities and other time deposits. These investments are set aside for the retirement benefit of the employees atof the Company’s Israeli subsidiaries. These funds are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

As a result of the Company’s global operating activities, the Company is exposed to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and variable interest rates, which may adversely affect its operating results and financial position. When deemed appropriate, the Company minimizes its risks from foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations through the use of derivative financial instruments. The principal market in which the Company executes its foreign currency contracts and interest rate swaps is the institutional market in an over-the-counter environment with a relatively high level of price transparency. The market participants are typically large commercial banks. The foreign exchange forward contracts and interest rate hedge are valued using broker quotations or market transactions and are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company enters into derivative instruments for risk management purposes only, including derivatives designated as hedging instruments and those utilized as economic hedges. The Company operates internationally and, in the normal course of business, is exposed to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. These fluctuations can increase the costs of financing, investing and operating the business. The Company has used derivative instruments, such as ~~forward~~ foreign ~~currency~~ exchange forward contracts, to manage certain foreign currency exposure, and interest rate swaps to manage interest rate exposure.

By nature, all financial instruments involve market and credit risks. The Company enters into derivative instruments with major investment grade financial institutions, for which no collateral is required. The Company has policies to monitor the credit risk of these counterparties. While there can be no assurance, the Company does not anticipate any material non-performance by any of these counterparties.

On September 30, 2016, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which has a maturity date of September 30, 2020, to fix the rate on approximately 50% of its then-outstanding balance under the 2016 Term Loan Facility, as described further in Note 11. This hedge fixes the interest rate paid on the hedged debt at 1.198% per annum plus the applicable credit spread, which was 1.75% as of June 30, 2020. At June 30, 2020, the notional amount of this transaction was $250.0 and it had a fair value liability of $0.3. At December 31, 2019, the notional amount of this transaction was $250.0 and it had a fair value asset of $0.8.

On April 3, 2019, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which has a maturity date of March 31, 2023, to fix the rate on $300.0 of the then-outstanding balance of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, as described further in Note 11. The rate was fixed at 2.309% per annum plus the applicable credit spread, which was 1.75% at June 30, 2020. At June 30, 2020, the notional amount of this transaction was $300.0 and had a fair value liability of $15.3. At December 31, 2019, the notional amount of this transaction was $300.0 and had a fair value liability of $6.5.

The interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet and changes in the fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”). To the extent that these arrangements are no longer an effective hedge, any ineffectiveness measured in the hedging relationships is recorded in earnings in the period it occurs.

The Company hedges a portion of its forecasted foreign currency-denominated intercompany sales of inventory, over a maximum period of eighteen months, using ~~forward~~ foreign exchange forward contracts accounted for as cash-flow ~~hedges.~~hedges related to British, Euro, Japanese, South Korean and Taiwanese currencies. To the extent these derivatives are effective in off-setting the variability of the hedged cash flows, and otherwise meet the hedge accounting criteria, changes in the derivatives’ fair value are not included in current earnings but are included in ~~OCI~~other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in stockholders’ equity. These changes in fair value will subsequently be reclassified into earnings, as applicable, when the forecasted transaction occurs. To the extent that a previously designated hedging transaction is no longer an effective hedge, any ineffectiveness measured in the hedging relationship is recorded in earnings in the period it occurs. The cash flows resulting from forward exchange contracts are classified in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as part of cash flows from operating activities. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

As of ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company had outstanding ~~forward~~ foreign exchange forward contracts with gross notional values of ~~$138.2~~$169.3 and ~~$154.7,~~$176.2, respectively. The following tables provide a summary of the primary net hedging positions and corresponding fair values held as of ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019:~~2020:

The Company entered into various interest rate swap agreements that exchange the variable LIBOR interest rate to a fixed rate in order to manage the exposure to interest rate fluctuations associated with the variable LIBOR interest rate paid on the outstanding balance of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, as described further in Note 10. The table below summarizes the various interest rate hedges entered into by the Company:

The interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet and changes in the fair value are recognized in OCI. To the extent that these arrangements are no longer effective hedges, any ineffectiveness measured in the hedging relationships is recorded immediately in earnings in the period it occurs.

The following table provides a summary of the fair value amounts of the Company’s derivative instruments:

The net amount of existing gains as of ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 that is expected to be reclassified from OCI into earnings within the next 12 months is immaterial.

The following table provides a summary of the gains (losses) ~~gains~~ on derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:

The following table provides a summary of the ~~losses~~(loss) gain on derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging instruments:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Raw materials	$	313.9	$	288.8	$	336.7	$	321.3
Work-in-process		76.4		79.3		78.4		76.7
Finished goods		99.9		94.0		100.1		103.4
	$	490.2	$	462.1	$	515.2	$	501.4

On February 1, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. (“ESI”) pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 29, 2018 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among the Company, EAS Equipment, Inc., formerly a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and ESI (the “ESI Merger”). At the effective time of the ESI Merger and pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, each share of ESI’s common stock that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the ESI Merger was converted into the right to receive $30.00 in cash, without interest and subject to deduction of any required withholding tax.

The Company ~~funded the payment~~has various operating leases for ~~ESI’s outstanding shares with a combination~~real estate and non-real estate items. The non-real estate leases are mainly comprised of automobiles but also include office equipment and other lower-valued items. The Company does not have any finance leases. As most of the Company’s ~~available cash~~leases do not provide an implicit rate, an incremental borrowing rate is used based on ~~hand and~~ the ~~proceeds from~~estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date.

Some of the Company’s ~~2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, as defined~~real estate lease agreements include Company options to either extend and/or terminate the lease. The cost of these options is included in our operating lease liabilities to the extent that such options are reasonably certain of being exercised. Leases with renewal options allow the Company to extend the lease term typically between 1 to 10 years. When determining the lease term, renewal options reasonably certain of being exercised are included in the lease term. When determining if a renewal option is reasonably certain of being exercised, the Company considers several economic factors, including but not limited to, the significance of leasehold improvements made to the property, whether the physical space is difficult to replace, underlying contractual obligations, and ~~as described further in Note 11.~~specific characteristics unique to that particular lease that would make it reasonably certain that the Company would exercise such an option.

ESI provides laser-based manufacturing systems solutions for the micro-machining industry that enable customers to optimize production. ESI’s market is composed primarily of flexible and rigid PCB processing/fabrication, semiconductor wafer processing and passive component manufacturing and testing. ESI solutions incorporate specialized laser technology and proprietary control software to efficiently process the materials and components that are an integral part of electronic devices and systems.

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total estimated acquisition consideration is allocated to the acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities of ESI based on their fair values as of the acquisition date. Any excess of the acquisition consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is allocated to goodwill. None of the goodwill and intangible assets are deductible for tax purposes.

~~The following table summarizes the final allocation of the purchase price to the fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the ESI Merger:~~

~~The fair value write-up of acquired finished goods inventory was $7.6, the amount of which was expensed over the period during which the acquired inventory was sold.~~ Accordingly, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded $2.5 and $7.6, respectively, of incremental cost of sales charge associated with the fair value write-up of inventory acquired in the ESI Merger.

The fair value write-up of acquired property, plant and equipment of $39.3 will be amortized over the estimated useful life of the applicable assets, excluding the fair value write-up in the value of land. Property, plant and equipment is valued at its value-in-use, unless there was a known plan to dispose of the asset.

~~The acquired intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the economic use of the asset.~~

~~The following table reflects the allocation of the acquired intangible assets and related estimate of useful lives:~~

The fair value of the acquired intangibles was determined using the income approach. In performing these valuations, the key underlying assumptions of the discounted cash flows were projected revenues, gross margin expectationsCompany has existing leases that include variable lease and ~~operating cost estimates. The valuations were based on the information~~non-lease components that ~~was available as of the acquisition date and the expectations and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by the Company’s management. There~~ are inherent uncertainties and management judgment required in these determinations. This acquisition resulted in a purchase price that exceeded the estimated fair value of tangible and intangible assets, the excess amount of which was allocated to goodwill. The Company believes the amount of goodwill relative to identifiable intangible assets relates to several factors, including broadening its position in key industrial markets to complementary solutions, and leveraging component and systems expertise to provide robust solutions to meet customer evolving technology needs.

~~The results of this acquisition were~~not included in the ~~Company’s consolidated statement of operations beginning on February 1, 2019. ESI constitutes the Company’s Equipment & Solutions reportable segment (see Note 17).~~

~~Certain executives from ESI had severance provisions in their respective ESI employment agreements. The agreements included terms that were accounted for~~right-of-use asset and lease liability, and are reflected as ~~dual-trigger arrangements. Through the Company’s acquisition accounting, the expense relating to these benefits was recognized~~expenses in the ~~combined entity’s financial statements. The Company recorded costs of $2.7~~periods incurred. Such payments primarily include common area maintenance charges and ~~$14.0~~increases in ~~acquisition and integration costs~~rent payments that are driven by factors such as ~~compensation expense and stock-based compensation expense, respectively, for~~future changes in an index (e.g., the six months ended June 30, 2019 associated with these severance provisions. The restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights that were eligible for accelerated vesting if the executive exercised his or her rights but were not issued as of each reporting period-end, were excluded from the computation of basic earnings per share and included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for such reporting period.

The ~~following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results~~elements of ~~operations of the Company~~lease expense were as if the ESI Merger had occurred on January 1, 2018. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations actually would have been had the acquisition occurred at the beginning of the year. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information does not attempt to project the future results of operations of the combined Company.follows:

~~The unaudited pro forma financial information above gives effect primarily to the following:~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~The weighted average discount rate and the weighted average remaining lease term were 2.9% and 14.8 years, respectively, as of March 31, 2021. The weighted average discount rate and weighted average remaining lease term were 3.2% and 13.5 years, respectively, as of March 31, 2020. Operating cash flows used for operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were $3.8 and $5.1, respectively. Operating cash flows used for operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2021 of $3.8 was net of $2.8 in tenant improvement allowance receipts.

Future lease payments under non-cancelable leases as of March 31, 2021 are detailed as follows:

The remaining 2021 lease payment amount of $14.4 is net of tenant improvement allowances of $3.6. Amounts presented above do not include payments relating to immaterial leases excluded from the balance sheet as part of transition elections adopted upon implementation of ASU 2016-02,“Leases”, on January 1, 2019, as well as operating leases with terms of less than twelve months.

The Company’s methodology for allocating the purchase price relating to purchase acquisitions is determined through established and generally accepted valuation techniques. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the cost of the acquisition over the sum of the amounts assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed. The Company assigns assets acquired (including goodwill) and liabilities assumed to one or more reporting units as of the date of acquisition. Typically acquisitions relate to a single reporting unit and thus do not require the allocation of goodwill to multiple reporting units. If the products obtained in an acquisition are assigned to multiple reporting units, the goodwill is distributed to the respective reporting units as part of the purchase price allocation process.

Goodwill and purchased intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets requires significant judgment. The Company regularly monitors current business conditions and other factors including, but not limited to, adverse industry or economic trends, restructuring actions and lower projections of profitability that may impact future operating results.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and accumulated impairment loss during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 were as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020									Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2019									Three Months Ended March 31, 2021									Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2020
	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Impairment Loss			Net			Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Impairment Loss			Net			Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Impairment Loss			Net			Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Impairment Loss			Net
Beginning balance at January 1	$	1,202.8		$	(144.3	)	$	1,058.5		$	731.3		$	(144.3	)	$	587.0		$	1,211.8		$	(145.4	)	$	1,066.4		$	1,202.8	$	(144.3	)	$	1,058.5
Acquired goodwill		—			—			—			474.0			—			474.0
Impairment of goodwill⁽¹⁾																				—			—			—			—		(1.1	)		(1.1	)
Foreign currency translation		(0.4	)		—			(0.4	)		(2.5	)		—			(2.5	)		(4.3	)		—			(4.3	)		9.0		—			9.0
Ending balance at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	$	1,202.4		$	(144.3	)	$	1,058.1		$	1,202.8		$	(144.3	)	$	1,058.5
Ending balance at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020																			$	1,207.5		$	(145.4	)	$	1,062.1		$	1,211.8	$	(145.4	)	$	1,066.4

As of June 30, 2020:	Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation			Net
As of March 31, 2021:														Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation			Net
Completed technology	$	446.4	$	(0.1	)	$	(196.7	)	$	(0.2	)	$	249.4	$	446.4	$	(0.1	)	$	(216.4	)	$	(0.1	)	$	229.8
Customer relationships		308.2		(1.4	)		(94.4	)		(1.1	)		211.3		308.2		(1.4	)		(109.8	)		0.3			197.3
Patents, trademarks, trade names and other		120.9		—			(47.0	)		(0.2	)		73.7		120.9		—			(49.4	)		(0.2	)		71.3
	$	875.5	$	(1.5	)	$	(338.1	)	$	(1.5	)	$	534.4	$	875.5	$	(1.5	)	$	(375.6	)	$	—		$	498.4

As of December 31, 2019:	Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation			Net
As of December 31, 2020:														Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation			Net
Completed technology⁽¹⁾	$	446.4	$	(0.1	)	$	(178.3	)	$	(0.2	)	$	267.8	$	446.4	$	(0.1	)	$	(209.8	)	$	(0.1	)	$	236.4
Customer relationships⁽¹⁾		308.2		(1.4	)		(84.2	)		(1.4	)		221.2		308.2		(1.4	)		(104.8	)		1.7			203.7
Patents, trademarks, trade names and other⁽²⁾		120.9		—			(45.5	)		0.2			75.6		120.9		—			(48.6	)		(0.2	)		72.1
	$	875.5	$	(1.5	)	$	(308.0	)	$	(1.4	)	$	564.6	$	875.5	$	(1.5	)	$	(363.2	)	$	1.4		$	512.2

Aggregate amortization expense related to acquired ~~intangibles~~intangible assets for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $12.4 and ~~2019 were $30.1 and $33.3,~~$16.3, respectively. Aggregate net amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets for future years is as follows:

Year	Amount		Amount
2020 (remaining)	$	25.6
2021		47.8
2021 (remaining)			$	35.6
2022		45.2	$	45.5
2023		44.9	$	45.1
2024		44.0	$	44.2
2025		43.0	$	43.2
2026			$	132.8
Thereafter		228.0	$	96.1

The Company excluded $55.9 of indefinite-lived trademarks and trade names that were not subject to amortization from the table above.

In connection with the completion of the acquisition of Newport Corporation (“Newport”) in 2016 (the “Newport Merger”), the Company entered into a term loan credit agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”) with Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), that provided a senior secured term loan credit facility in the original principal amount of $780.0 (the “2016 Term Loan Facility”), subject to increase at the Company’s option and subject to receipt of lender commitments in accordance with the Term Loan Credit Agreement (the 2016 Term Loan Facility, together with the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility and 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility (each as defined below), the “Term Loan Facility”). Prior to the effectiveness of Amendment No. 6 (as defined below), the 2016 Term Loan Facility had a maturity date of April 29, 2023. As of ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest per annum at one of the following rates selected by the Company: (a) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (2) the “prime rate” quoted in The Wall Street Journal, (3) a ~~London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”)~~LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for an interest period of one month adjusted for certain additional costs, plus 1.00%, and (4) a floor of 1.75%, plus, in each case, an applicable margin; or (b) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a LIBOR rate floor of 0.0%, plus an applicable margin. The Company has elected the interest rate as described in clause (b) of the foregoing sentence. The Term Loan Credit Agreement provides that, unless an alternate rate of interest is agreed, all loans will be determined by reference to the base rate if the LIBOR rate cannot be ascertained, if regulators impose material restrictions on the authority of a lender to make LIBOR rate loans, or for other reasons. The 2016 Term Loan Facility was issued with original issue discount of 1.00% of the principal amount thereof.

The Company subsequently entered into four separate repricing amendments to the 2016 Term Loan Facility, which decreased the applicable margin for LIBOR borrowings from 4.0% to 1.75%, with a LIBOR rate floor of 0.75%. As a consequence of the pricing of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility (defined below), the applicable margin for the 2016 Term Loan Facility was increased to 2.00% (from 1.75%) with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 1.00% (from 0.75%) with respect to base rate borrowings.

On September 30, 2016, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which has a maturity date of September 30, 2020, to fix the rate on $335.0 of the then-outstanding balance of the 2016 Term Loan Facility. The rate was fixed at 1.198% per annum plus the applicable credit spread, which was 1.75 % at June 30, 2020. At June 30, 2020, the notional amount of this transaction was $250.0 and it had a fair value liability of $0.3.

The Company incurred $28.7 of deferred finance fees, original issue discount and repricing fees related to the term loans under the 2016 Term Loan Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans using the effective interest method.

On February 1, 2019, in connection with the completion of the ~~ESI Merger,~~acquisition of Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. (the “ESI Merger”), the Company entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 5”) to the Term Loan Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 5 provided an additional tranche B-5 term loan commitment in the original principal amount of $650.0 (the “2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility”), all of which was drawn down in connection with the closing of the ESI Merger. Pursuant to Amendment No. 5, the Company also effectuated certain amendments to the Term Loan Credit Agreement which ~~make~~made certain of the negative covenants and other provisions less restrictive. Prior to the effectiveness of Amendment No. 6 (as defined below), the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility had a maturity date of February 1, 2026 and bore interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, a base rate or LIBOR rate (as described above) plus, in each case, an applicable margin equal to 1.25% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.25% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. The 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility was issued with original issue discount of 1.00% of the principal amount thereof.

On April 3, 2019, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which has a maturity date of March 31, 2023, to fix the rate on $300.0 of the then-outstanding balance of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility. The rate was fixed at 2.309% per annum plus the applicable credit spread, which was 1.75% at June 30, 2020. At June 30, 2020, the notional amount of this transaction was $300.0 and it had a fair value liability of $15.3.

The Company incurred $11.4 of deferred finance fees and original issue discount fees related to the term loans under the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans using the effective interest method.

On September 27, 2019, the Company entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 6”) to the Term Loan Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 6 refinanced all existing loans outstanding under the 2016 Term Loan Facility and 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility (“Existing Term Loans”) for a tranche B-6 term loan commitment in the original principal amount of $896.8 (“2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility”). Each lender of the Existing Term Loans that elected to participate in the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility was deemed to have exchanged the aggregate outstanding principal amount of its Existing Term Loans for an equal aggregate principal amount of tranche B-6 term loans under the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility. On the effective date of Amendment No. 6 and immediately prior to the exchanges described above, the Company made a voluntary prepayment of $50.0, which was applied to the Existing Term Loans on a pro rata basis.

The Company incurred $2.2 of original issue discount fees related to the term loans under the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans using the effective interest method.

As of ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the remaining balance of deferred finance fees and original issue discount of the Term Loan Facility was ~~$10.3.~~$8.9. A portion of the deferred finance fees and original issue discount have been accelerated in connection with the various debt prepayments and extinguishments ~~during~~between 2016 ~~2017, 2018, 2019~~ and 2020.

The 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility matures on February 2, 2026, and bears interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, a base rate or LIBOR rate (as described above) plus, in each case, an applicable margin equal to 0.75% with respect to base rate borrowings and 1.75% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. The 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility was issued with original issue discount of 0.25% of the principal amount thereof.

The Company is required to make scheduled quarterly payments each equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility with the balance due on February 2, 2026.

As of ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, after total principal prepayments of $575.0 ~~(which includes a $50.0 prepayment made during the six months ended June 30, 2020)~~ and regularly scheduled principal payments of ~~$17.1,~~$23.9, the total outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility was ~~$837.9~~$831.1 and the interest rate was 1.9%.

Under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the Company is required to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with portions of its annual excess cash flow as well as with the net cash proceeds of certain of its asset sales, certain casualty and condemnation events and the incurrence or issuance of certain debt.

All obligations under the Term Loan Facility are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and are collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets and the assets of such subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.

The Term Loan Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and provisions relating to events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the Term Loan Facility will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the Term Loan Facility and all actions generally permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. At ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Term Loan Credit Agreement.

~~(dollars~~The Company entered into various interest rate swap agreements as described further in ~~millions, except share and per share data)~~

Note 6 that exchange the variable LIBOR interest rate to a fixed rate in order to manage the exposure to interest rate fluctuations associated with the variable LIBOR interest rate paid on the outstanding balance of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility.

On February 1, 2019, in connection with the completion of the ESI Merger, the Company entered into an asset-based revolving credit agreement with Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, the other borrowers from time to time party thereto, and the lenders and letters of credit issuers from time to time party thereto (the “ABL Credit Agreement”), that provides a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility of up to $100.0, subject to a borrowing base limitation (the “ABL Facility”). On April 26, 2019, the Company entered into a First Amendment to the ABL Credit Agreement which amended the borrowing base calculation for eligible inventory prior to an initial field examination and appraisal requirements. The borrowing base for the ABL Facility at any time equals the sum of: (a) 85% of certain eligible accounts; plus (b) prior to certain notice and field examination and appraisal requirements, the lesser of (i) 20% of net book value of eligible inventory in the United States and (ii) 30% of the borrowing base, and after the satisfaction of such requirements, the lesser of (i) the lesser of (A) 65% of the lower of cost or market value of certain eligible inventory and (B) 85% of the net orderly liquidation value of certain eligible inventory and (ii) 30% of the borrowing base; minus (c) reserves established by the administrative agent, in each case, subject to additional limitations and examination requirements for eligible accounts and eligible inventory acquired in an acquisition after February 1, 2019. The ABL Facility includes borrowing capacity in the form of letters of credit up to $25.0.

Borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, any of the following, plus, in each case, an applicable margin: (a) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (2) the “prime rate” quoted in The Wall Street Journal, (3) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for an interest period of one month adjusted for certain additional costs, plus 1.00% and (4) a floor of 0.00%; and (b) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, with a floor of 0.00%. The initial applicable margin for borrowings under the ABL Facility is 0.50% with respect to base rate borrowings and 1.50% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. Commencing with the completion of the first fiscal quarter ending after the closing of the ABL Facility, the applicable margin for borrowings thereunder is subject to upward or downward adjustment each fiscal quarter, based on the average historical excess availability during the preceding quarter.

In addition to paying interest on any outstanding principal under the ABL Facility, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder equal to 0.25% per annum. The Company must also pay customary letter of credit fees and agency fees.

Under the ~~aggregate amount of~~ABL Facility, we are required to prepay amounts outstanding ~~loans, protective advances, unreimbursed letter of credit drawings and undrawn letters of credit~~ under the ABL Facility ~~exceeds~~(1) if amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility exceed the lesser of (a) the commitment amount and (b) the borrowing base, ~~the Company is~~in an amount required to ~~repay~~reduce such shortfall, (2) if amounts outstanding ~~loans and/or cash collateralize letters of credit, with no reduction of the commitment amount. During any period that the amount available~~ under the ABL Facility isin any currency other than U.S. dollars exceed the sublimit for such currency, in an amount required to reduce such shortfall, and (3) during any period in which we have excess availability less than the greater of ~~(i) $8.5 and (ii)~~(a) 10.0% of the lesser of ~~(1)~~(x) the commitment amount and ~~(2)~~(y) the borrowing base and (b) $8.5 for ~~three~~3 consecutive business days, until the time when we have excess availability ~~has been at least~~equal to or greater than the greater of ~~(i) $8.5 and (ii)~~(A) 10.0% of the lesser of ~~(1)~~(i) the commitment amount and ~~(2)~~(ii) the borrowing base ~~in each case,~~and (B) $8.5 for 30 consecutive ~~calendar~~ days, ~~(a “Cash Dominion Period”),~~ or during the continuance of an event of default, ~~the Company is required to repay outstanding loans and/or cash collateralize letters of credit~~ with ~~the cash that it is required to deposit daily~~immediately available funds in a collection account maintained with the administrative agent under the ABL Facility. During a Cash Dominion Period, the Company may make borrowings under the ABL Facility subject to the satisfaction of customary funding conditions.its blocked accounts.

There is no scheduled amortization under the ABL Facility. The principal amount outstanding under the ABL Facility is due and payable in full on the fifth anniversary of the closing date.

All obligations under the ABL Facility are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and are collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets and the assets of such subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.

From the time when the Company has excess availability less than the greater of (a) 10.0% of the lesser of (1) the commitment amount and (2) the borrowing base and (b) $8.5 until the time when the Company has excess availability equal to or greater than the greater of (a) 10.0% of the lesser of (1) the commitment amount and (2) the borrowing base and (b) $8.5 for 30 consecutive days, or during the continuance of an event of default, the ABL Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter of at least 1.0 to 1.0.

The ABL Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and provisions relating to events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the ABL Facility will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the ABL Facility and all actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. The Company has not borrowed against the ABL Facility to date.

The Company’s Japanese subsidiaries have lines of credit and a financing facility with various financial institutions, many of which generally expire and are renewed at three-month intervals with the remaining having no expiration date. The lines of credit and financing facility provided for aggregate borrowings as of ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 of up to an equivalent of ~~$33.0~~$30.4 U.S. dollars. Total borrowings outstanding under these arrangements were ~~$2.3~~$0.3 and ~~$3.1~~$5.5 at ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Short-term debt:
Japanese lines of credit	$	2.3	$	2.5	$	0.3	$	5.4
Japanese receivables financing facility		—		0.6		—		0.1
Term Loan Facility		9.0		9.0		9.0		9.0
	$	11.3	$	12.1	$	9.3	$	14.5

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Long-term debt:
Term Loan Facility, net⁽¹⁾	$	818.6	$	871.6	$	813.2	$	815.0
Other debt		—		0.1		0.1		—
	$	818.6	$	871.7	$	813.3	$	815.0

The Company recognized interest expense of $6.4 and $8.9 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Contractual maturities of the Company’s debt obligations as of ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 are as follows:

Year	Amount		Amount
2020 (remaining)	$	6.8
2021		9.0
2021 (remaining)			$	7.0
2022		9.0		9.0
2023		9.0		9.0
2024		9.0		9.0
2025		9.0		9.0
2026				9.0
Thereafter		788.4	$	779.5

The Company provides for the estimated costs to fulfill customer warranty obligations upon the recognition of the related revenue. While the Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of its component suppliers, the Company’s warranty ~~obligation is~~obligations are affected by shipment volume, product failure rates, utilization levels, material usage and supplier warranties on parts delivered to the Company. Should actual product failure rates, utilization levels, material usage, or supplier warranties on parts differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required.

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2021			2020
Beginning of period	$	14.9		$	10.4		$	18.4		$	14.9
Assumed product warranty liability from ESI Merger		—			7.2
Provision for product warranties		13.0			12.9			10.7			6.7
Charges to warranty liability		(12.2	)		(14.4	)
Direct and other charges to warranty liabilities								(7.5	)		(6.3	)
End of period⁽¹⁾	$	15.7		$	16.1		$	21.6		$	15.3

The Company’s effective tax rates for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020 were ~~20.2 %~~17.5% and ~~17.8%~~15.0%, respectively. The effective tax ~~rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020,~~rate and related income tax expense ~~were~~for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate ~~mainly~~ due to the U.S. deduction for foreign derived intangible income and the geographic mix of income earned by the Company’s international subsidiaries being taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate, ~~windfall benefits of stock compensation, and the deduction for foreign derived intangible income~~ offset by the ~~tax effects of the~~U.S. global intangible ~~low taxed~~low-taxed income inclusion and additional withholding taxes on inter-company distributions due to the ~~write-off of deferred tax assets related to certain foreign net operating losses.~~United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union.

The Company’s effective tax ~~rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were 27.2% and 25.3%, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019,~~rate and related income tax expense were higher than the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to a correction of an out of period error with respect to deferred tax assets related to limitations on the deduction of executive compensation in the amount of $5.0. This correction, which should have been recorded duringfor the three months ended September 30, 2018, increased the Company’s effective tax rates in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 by 9.8% and 7.5%, respectively. The error and subsequent adjustment were not material to the financial statements. The effective tax rates for these periods, excluding the correction of the out of period error, wereMarch 31, 2020, was lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate due to the U.S. deduction for foreign derived intangible income, the ~~benefit from the reinstatement of a capital loss~~federal tax credit for research activities and the ~~utilization~~geographic mix of ~~various~~income earned by the Company’s international subsidiaries being taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory tax ~~credits,~~rate, offset by ~~tax effects of~~ the U.S. global intangible ~~low taxed~~low-taxed income inclusion.

As of March ~~27,~~31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the ~~United States enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act which contains numerous income tax provisions among other tax and non-tax provisions. Some~~total amount of these income tax provisions have retroactive effect on years before the date of enactment. The Company has evaluated the CARES Act legislation in relation to income taxes and does not expect the CARES Act income tax provisions to have a material impact on its financial statements.

~~Gross~~gross unrecognized tax benefits, which ~~exclude~~excludes interest and penalties, ~~were $45.0~~was $46.5 and ~~$43.5 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019,~~$47.0, respectively. As of June 30, 2020 if these benefits were recognized in a future period, the timing of which is not estimable, the net unrecognized tax benefit of $36.9, excluding interest and penalties, would impact the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company accrues interest expense, and if applicable, penalties, for any uncertain tax positions. Interest and penalties are classified as a component of income tax expense. As of ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company had accrued interest on unrecognized tax benefits of ~~$0.6~~approximately $0.7 and ~~$0.5,~~$0.7, respectively.

Over the next 12 months it is reasonably possible that the Company may recognize ~~$0.6~~approximately $4.0 of previously net unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, related to various U.S. state and foreign tax positions, primarily as a result of the expiration of certain statutes of limitations.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to examination by U.S. federal, state and foreign tax authorities. The U.S. federal statute of limitations remains open for tax years ~~2016~~2017 through the present. The statute of limitations for the Company’s tax filings in other jurisdictions varies between fiscal years ~~2014~~2015 through present. The Company has certain ~~foreign,~~ federal credit carry-forwards and state tax loss and credit carry-forwards that are open to examination for tax years 2000 through the present.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020
Numerator:
Net income	$	73.7	$	37.7	$	142.8	$	50.2	$	122.3	$	69.1
Denominator:
Shares used in net income per common share – basic		55,089,000		54,815,000		55,004,000		54,481,000		55,275,000		54,918,000
Effect of dilutive securities:
Restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights		178,000		274,000		248,000		485,000
Effect of dilutive securities										362,000		318,000
Shares used in net income per common share – diluted		55,267,000		55,089,000		55,252,000		54,966,000		55,637,000		55,236,000
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	1.34	$	0.69	$	2.60	$	0.92	$	2.21	$	1.26
Diluted	$	1.33	$	0.69	$	2.58	$	0.91	$	2.20	$	1.25

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding (using the treasury stock method) if securities containing potentially dilutive common shares (restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”)) had been converted to such common shares, and if such assumed conversion is dilutive.

For the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, there were ~~approximately 60,500 and 52,500~~0 weighted-average restricted stock units ~~respectively,~~ that would have had an anti-dilutive effect on EPS and were excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares.

For the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, there were approximately ~~206,000 and 166,000~~36,100 weighted-average restricted stock units ~~respectively,~~ that would have had an anti-dilutive effect on EPS and were excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares.

The Company grants RSUs to employees and directors under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). The 2014 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The 2014 Plan is intended to attract and retain employees and directors, and to provide an incentive for these individuals to assist the Company to achieve long-range performance goals and to enable these individuals to participate in the long-term growth of the Company.

~~In connection with~~The total stock-based compensation expense included in the ~~completion~~Company’s condensed consolidated statements of ~~the ESI Merger, the Company assumed:~~operations and comprehensive income was as follows:

As of the effective time of the ESI Merger, based on a formula in the ESI Merger Agreement, (a) such RSUs were converted automatically into RSUs with respect to 736,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Assumed RSUs”), and (b) such SARs were converted automatically into SARs with respect to 13,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Assumed SARs”).

Included in the total number of Assumed RSUs are 326,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for employees and outside directors that are part of the ESI Deferred Compensation plan (the “ESI DC Plan”). These shares will not become issued shares until their respective release dates.

~~The shares of the Company’s common stock that are subject to the Assumed SARs and the Assumed RSUs are issuable pursuant to the Company’s 2014 Plan.~~

The 749,000 shares of the Company’s common stock that are issuable pursuant to the Assumed RSUs and the Assumed SARs under the Company’s 2014 Plan were registered under the Securities Act of 1933 on the Registration Statement on Form S-8. These shares are in addition to the 18,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan and previously registered under the Securities Act of 1933 on the Registration Statement on Form S-8.

~~The total stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income was as follows:~~

At ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the total compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards granted to employees and directors under the 2014 Plan that had not been recognized was ~~$38.7, net~~$36.7. The Company determines the fair value of ~~estimated forfeitures. The future compensation~~RSUs based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the award and estimates the fair value of SARs and employee stock purchase plan rights using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Such values are recognized as expense ~~for time-based awards is recognized~~ on a straight-line basis ~~and the future compensation expense~~ for ~~performance-based~~time-based awards ~~is recognized~~and using the accelerated graded vesting method for performance-based awards, both ~~of which expense~~ over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures, except for retirement eligible employees, in which case the Company expenses the fair value of the grant in the period the grant is issued. The Company considers many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including types of awards and historical experience. Actual results and future changes in estimates may differ substantially from the Company’s current estimates.periods.

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020					Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Outstanding RSUs			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Outstanding RSUs			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
RSUs – beginning of period		1,102,534		$	85.93		606,085		$	93.26
Accrued dividend shares		407		$	105.81		79		$	153.00
Granted		300,228		$	97.75		101,668		$	170.60
Vested		(640,931	)	$	85.10		(78,506	)	$	97.20
Forfeited		(55,572	)	$	84.42		(7,381	)	$	102.00
RSUs – end of period		706,666		$	91.83		621,945		$	105.31

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020					Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Outstanding SARs			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Outstanding SARs			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
SARs – beginning of period		108,854		$	29.05		51,589		$	30.64
Exercised		(46,075	)	$	27.19		(15,921	)	$	29.92
Forfeited or expired		(1,400	)	$	22.39
SARs Outstanding – end of period		61,379		$	30.60
SARs – end of period							35,668		$	30.96

On July 25, 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $200 of its outstanding common stock from time to time in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or through other appropriate means. The timing and quantity of any shares repurchased ~~will depend~~depends upon a variety of factors, including business conditions, stock market conditions and business development activities, including, but not limited to, merger and acquisition opportunities. These repurchases may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The Company has repurchased approximately 2,588,000 shares of common stock for approximately $127 pursuant to the program since its adoption. During the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ there were 0 repurchases of common stock.

Holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to receive dividends when they are declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. In addition, the Company accrues dividend equivalents on the RSUs the Company assumed in the ESI Merger ~~described in Note 15 above~~ when dividends are declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. ~~The~~During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.20 per share, ~~during each of the first and second quarters of 2020,~~ which totaled ~~$22.0. The~~$11.1. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.20 per share, ~~during each of the first and second quarters of 2019,~~ which totaled ~~$21.7.~~

~~On July 27, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share to be paid on September 4, 2020 to stockholders of record as of August 24, 2020.~~$11.0.

Future dividend declarations, if any, as well as the record and payment dates for such dividends, are subject to the final determination of the Company’s Board of Directors. In addition, under the Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility, the Company may be restricted from paying dividends under certain circumstances.

The Company is a global provider of instruments, systems, subsystems and process control solutions that measure, monitor, deliver, analyze, power and control critical parameters of advanced manufacturing processes to improve process performance and productivity for its customers. The Company’s products are derived from its core competencies in pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and delivery, vacuum technology, lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control, vibration control and laser-based manufacturing systems solutions. The Company also provides services relating to the maintenance and repair of its products, installation services and training. The Company’s primary served markets include semiconductor, industrial technologies, life and health sciences, and research and defense.

The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), which is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, utilizes financial information to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company, which is used in the ~~decision making~~decision-making process to assess performance. Effective February 1, 2019, in conjunction with its acquisition of ESI, the Company created a third reportable segment known as the Equipment & Solutions segment in addition to its 2 then-existing reportable segments: the Vacuum & Analysis segment and the Light & Motion segment.

The Vacuum & Analysis segment provides a broad range of instruments, components and subsystems which are derived from the Company’s core competencies in pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and delivery and vacuum technology.

The Light & Motion segment provides a broad range of instruments, components and subsystems which are derived from the Company’s core competencies in lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control and vibration control.

The Equipment & Solutions segment provides a range of products including laser-based systems for PCB manufacturing, which includes flexible interconnect PCB processing systems and high density interconnect solutions for ~~the micro-machining industry that enable customers to optimize production. The Equipment & Solutions segment’s primary served markets include flexible and~~ rigid PCB ~~processing/fabrication, semiconductor wafer~~manufacturing and substrate processing and passive component manufacturing and testing. The Equipment & Solutions segment’s systems incorporate specialized laser technology and proprietary control software to efficiently process the materials and components that are an integral part of electronic devices andmulti-layer ceramic capacitor test systems.

The Company derives its segment results directly from the manner in which results are reported in its management reporting system. The accounting policies that the Company uses to derive reportable segment results are substantially the same as those used for external reporting purposes. The Company ~~does not disclose external or intersegment revenues separately by~~groups its similar products within its 3 reportable ~~segment as this information is not presented to the CODM for decision making purposes.~~segments.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020
Vacuum & Analysis	$	314.5	$	235.7	$	633.8	$	470.0	$	435.8	$	319.3
Light & Motion		166.0		182.5		331.4		376.6		182.0		165.4
Equipment & Solutions		63.8		55.9		114.8		91.1		76.1		51.0
	$	544.3	$	474.1	$	1,080.0	$	937.7	$	693.9	$	535.7

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated net income:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019		2020			2019		2021		2020
Gross profit by reportable segment:
Vacuum & Analysis	$	139.7		$	102.1	$	280.6		$	200.2	$	205.0	$	140.8
Light & Motion		76.5			84.9		151.9			177.7		82.1		75.6
Equipment & Solutions		30.1			24.0		53.4			31.3		35.0		23.2
Total gross profit by reportable segment		246.3			211.0		485.9			409.2		322.1		239.6
Operating expenses:
Research and development		42.8			41.9		85.2			80.8		47.2		42.4
Selling, general and administrative		86.1			83.2		173.3			165.7		95.9		87.2
Acquisition and integration costs		0.7			3.2		2.9			33.4		6.2		2.2
Restructuring and other		3.3			1.2		3.7			3.2		4.9		0.4
Amortization of intangible assets		13.8			17.6		30.1			33.3		12.4		16.3
Asset impairment		—			—		1.2			—		—		1.2
COVID-19 related net credits		(1.2	)		—		(1.2	)		—
Fees and expenses related to repricing of Term Loan Facility		—			—		—			5.8
Income from operations		100.8			63.9		190.7			87.0		155.5		89.9
Interest and other expense, net		8.4			12.1		17.0			19.8
Interest income												0.2		0.7
Interest expense												6.4		8.9
Other expense, net												1.1		0.4
Income before income taxes		92.4			51.8		173.7			67.2		148.2		81.3
Provision for income taxes		18.7			14.1		30.9			17.0		25.9		12.2
Net income	$	73.7		$	37.7	$	142.8		$	50.2	$	122.3	$	69.1

The following table sets forth capital expenditures by reportable segment for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and ~~2019:~~2020:

The following table sets forth depreciation and amortization by reportable segment for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and ~~2019:~~2020:

Total income tax expense is not presented by reportable segment because the necessary information is not available nor used by the CODM.

June 30, 2020:	Vacuum & Analysis		Light & Motion		Equipment & Solutions		Corporate, Eliminations & Other			Total
March 31, 2021												Vacuum & Analysis		Light & Motion		Equipment & Solutions		Corporate, Eliminations & Other			Total
Segment assets:
Trade accounts receivable, net	$	201.5	$	147.7	$	64.2	$	(32.3	)	$	381.1
Accounts receivable												$	247.4	$	132.9	$	61.5	$	(21.0	)	$	420.8
Inventory, net		247.5		177.7		66.4		(1.4	)		490.2		290.5		157.4		69.9		(2.6	)		515.2
Total segment assets	$	449.0	$	325.4	$	130.6	$	(33.7	)	$	871.3	$	537.9	$	290.3	$	131.4	$	(23.6	)	$	936.0

The following is a reconciliation of segment assets to consolidated total assets:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Total segment assets	$	871.3	$	803.2	$	936.0	$	894.1
Cash and cash equivalents		428.9		414.6
Short-term investments		178.1		109.4
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments						909.5		836.0
Other current assets		91.5		106.3		77.0		74.3
Property, plant and equipment, net		248.4		241.9		297.0		284.3
Right-of-use asset		174.3		64.5		182.7		184.4
Goodwill and intangible assets, net		1,592.5		1,623.1		1,560.5		1,578.6
Other assets and long-term investments		46.1		53.3		55.2		52.1
Consolidated total assets	$	3,631.1	$	3,416.3	$	4,017.9	$	3,903.8

Information about the Company’s operations ~~in different~~by geographic ~~regions~~area is presented in the tables below. Net revenues tofrom unaffiliated customers are based on the location in which the sale originated. ~~Transfers~~Intercompany sales between geographic areas are at tax transfer prices and have been eliminated from consolidated net revenues.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020
Net revenues:
United States	$	245.0	$	217.5	$	476.5	$	441.9	$	282.8	$	231.5
South Korea		65.0		38.9		141.0		74.7		97.9		76.0
China		75.2		56.0		124.9		93.8		81.3		49.7
Taiwan										59.4		25.3
Japan		37.3		31.0		77.2		73.1		48.0		40.0
Germany		30.4		37.4		64.9		75.5
Other		91.4		93.3		195.5		178.7
Other Asia										70.1		58.9
Europe										54.4		54.3
	$	544.3	$	474.1	$	1,080.0	$	937.7	$	693.9	$	535.7

Long-lived assets:⁽¹⁾	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
United States	$	331.1	$	208.3	$	379.7	$	364.0
Europe		37.0		41.4		37.3		94.8
Asia		85.0		89.6		101.3		45.1
	$	453.1	$	339.3	$	518.3	$	503.9

Goodwill associated with each of the Company’s reportable segments is as follows:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Reportable segment:
Vacuum & Analysis	$	196.3	$	196.7	$	195.7	$	196.2
Light & Motion		388.6		388.5		391.9		395.3
Equipment & Solutions		473.2		473.3		474.5		474.9
Total goodwill	$	1,058.1	$	1,058.5	$	1,062.1	$	1,066.4

~~For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company had 2~~The following customers ~~that each accounted for~~represented greater than 10% ~~or more~~ of the Company’s ~~total net revenues. Net revenues from LAM Research Corporation constituted 12% and 11%, of the Company’s total~~ net revenues for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and net revenues from Applied Materials, Inc. constituted 11% of the Company’s total net revenues for the same periods. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, 0 single customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total net revenues.as follows:

The Company recorded restructuring charges of ~~$3.3 and $4.2~~$2.8 during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021, primarily related to severance costs due to a global cost saving initiative.

The Company recorded restructuring charges of $0.2 during the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily related to ~~duplicate facility costs and~~ the closure of a facility in Europe.

The Company recorded restructuring charges of $1.2 and $1.5 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily related to severance costs as a result of an organization-wide reduction in workforce, the consolidation of service functions in Asia and the movement of certain products to low cost regions.

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2021			2020
Beginning of period restructuring accrual	$	3.7		$	2.6
Beginning of period							$	0.3		$	3.7
Charged to expense		4.2			1.5			2.8			0.2
Payments and adjustments		(6.4	)		(1.5	)		(1.1	)		(1.0	)
End of period restructuring accrual	$	1.5		$	2.6
End of period							$	2.0		$	2.9

The Company recorded charges of $2.1 and $0.7 during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to duplicate facility costs.

The Company received an insurance reimbursement of $0.5 during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020 for costs recorded on a legal settlement from a contractual obligation assumed as part of the acquisition of Newport. The Company recorded a charge of $1.7 during the six months ended June 30, 2019 related to a legal settlement from a contractual obligation it assumed as part of its acquisition of Newport.Newport Merger.

In 2016, two putative class actions lawsuit captioned Dixon Chung v. Newport Corp., et al., Case No. A-16-733154-C, and Hubert C. Pincon v. Newport Corp., et al., Case No. A-16-734039-B, were filed in the District Court, Clark County, Nevada on behalf of a putative class of stockholders of Newport for claims related to the merger agreement (“Newport Merger Agreement”) between the Company, Newport, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”). The lawsuits named as defendants the Company, Newport, Merger Sub, and certain then current and former members of Newport’s board of directors. Both complaints alleged that Newport directors breached their fiduciary duties to Newport’s stockholders by agreeing to sell Newport through an inadequate and unfair process, which led to inadequate and unfair consideration, by agreeing to unfair deal protection devices and by omitting material information from the proxy statement. The complaints also alleged that the Company, Newport and Merger Sub aided and abetted the directors’ alleged breaches of their fiduciary duties. The District Court consolidated the actions, and plaintiffs later filed an amended complaint captioned In re Newport Corporation Shareholder Litigation, Case No. A-16-733154-B, in the District Court, Clark County, Nevada, on behalf of a putative class of Newport’s stockholders for claims related to the Newport Merger Agreement. The amended complaint alleged Newport’s former board of directors breached their fiduciary duties to Newport’s stockholders and that the Company, Newport and Merger Sub had aided and abetted these breaches and sought monetary damages, including pre- and post-judgment interest. In June 2017, the District Court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss and dismissed the amended complaint against all defendants but granted plaintiffs leave to amend.

On July 27, 2017, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint containing substantially similar allegations but naming only Newport’s former directors as defendants. On August 8, 2017, the District Court dismissed the Company and Newport from the action. The second amended complaint seeks monetary damages, including pre- and post-judgment interest. The District Court granted a motion for class certification on September 27, 2018, appointing Mr. Pincon and Locals 302 and 612 of the International Union of Operating Engineers - Employers Construction Industry Retirement Trust as class representatives. On June 11, 2018, plaintiff Dixon Chung was voluntarily dismissed from the litigation. On August 9, 2019, plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to file a third amended complaint, which was denied on October 10, 2019. On August 23, 2019, defendants filed a motion for summary judgment. On January 23, 2020, the ~~court~~District Court entered its findings of fact, conclusions of law, and order granting defendants’ motion for summary judgment. On February 18, 2020, plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal from the ~~court’s~~District Court’s order granting defendants’ motion for summary judgment, as well as from the ~~court’s~~District Court’s prior orders granting defendants’ motion for a bench trial and denying plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file an amended complaint. On ~~March 20,~~November 30, 2020, plaintiffs filed ~~a motion to retax and settle costs, and~~their opening brief in the Nevada Supreme Court in support of their appeal from the District Court’s orders. On January 29, 2021, defendants filed their answering brief, and on March 30, 2021, plaintiffs filed their reply brief. The Nevada Supreme Court has not yet reached a ~~motion for attorneys’ fees. A hearing~~decision on ~~both motions is scheduled for August 4, 2020.~~the appeal.

The Company is also subject to various legal proceedings and claims ~~which~~that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters, and the matters noted above, will not have a material adverse effect on ~~our~~the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regarding the future financial performance, business prospects and growth of MKS. These statements are only predictions based on current assumptions and expectations. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact (including statements containing the words “will,” “projects,” “intends,” “believes,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “continues” and similar expressions) should be considered to be forward-looking statements. Actual events or results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements set forth herein. Among the important factors that could cause actual events to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are the conditions affecting the markets in which MKS operates, including the fluctuations in capital spending in the semiconductor industry and other advanced manufacturing markets, fluctuations in sales to our major customers, the ~~impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy~~ability to anticipate and ~~financial markets,~~meet customer demand, manufacturing and sourcing risks, including ~~any restrictions on MKS’ operations~~supply chain disruptions and ~~the operations of MKS’ customers and suppliers resulting from public health requirements and government mandates,~~component shortages, the terms of our Term Loan Facility, competition from larger or more established companies in MKS’ markets, MKS’ ability to successfully grow its business and particularly ~~that~~the business of ~~ESI’s business,~~ESI, which it acquired in February 2019, the challenges, risks and costs involved with integrating the operations of the companies we have acquired, potential fluctuations in quarterly results, dependence on new product development, rapid technological and market change, acquisition strategy, ~~manufacturing and sourcing risks,~~ volatility of stock price, international operations, financial risk management, and the other factors described in MKS’ ~~most recent~~ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). MKS is under no obligation to, and expressly disclaims any obligation to, update or alter these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this ~~presentation.~~report.

The Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, describes principal factors affecting the results of our operations, financial condition and liquidity, as well as our critical accounting policies and estimates that require significant judgment and thus have the most significant potential impact on our ~~Consolidated Financial Statements.~~consolidated financial statements. This section provides an analysis of our financial results for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 compared to the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020.

We are a global provider of instruments, systems, subsystems and process control solutions that measure, monitor, deliver, analyze, power and control critical parameters of advanced manufacturing processes to improve process performance and productivity for our customers. Our products are derived from our core competencies in pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and delivery, vacuum technology, lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control, vibration control and laser-based manufacturing systems solutions. We also provide services relating to the maintenance and repair of our products, installation services and training. Our primary served markets include semiconductor, industrial technologies, life and health sciences, and research and defense.

The World Health Organization formally declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. This pandemic has impacted the global economy and we have devoted considerable resources to address the impact to our employees and manufacturing capacity, as well as how to manage government mandates reacting to the pandemic, supply chain disruptions, and changing demand from our customers for our products and services.

~~In January 2020, we created a global COVID-19 task force which oversees our corporate activities in response to the pandemic. Our response has focused on:~~

While our operations and financial performance in certain areas of our business have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact to our financial results for the first half of 2020 has been minimal due to strong demand for our products from our semiconductor customers. However, the situation remains dynamic and there remains significant uncertainty as to the length and severity of the pandemic, the actions that may be taken by government authorities, the impact to the business of our customers and suppliers, the long-term economic implications and other factors identified in Part II, Item IA “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2020, which was filed with the SEC on May 6, 2020. We believe the longer the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the more material the adverse impact could be on our business, financial condition and operating results. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact to our business, financial condition and operating results.

The Vacuum & Analysis (“V&A”) segment provides a broad range of instruments, components and subsystems which are derived from our core competencies in pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and delivery, and vacuum technology.

The Light & Motion (“L&M”) segment was created in conjunction with our acquisition of Newport Corporation in 2016 (the “Newport Merger”). The L&M segment provides a broad range of instruments, components and subsystems which are derived from our core competencies in lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control and vibration control.

The Equipment & Solutions (“E&S”) segment was created in conjunction with ~~the completion of~~ our acquisition of Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. ~~on February 1,~~in 2019 (the “ESI Merger”). The ~~Equipment & Solutions~~E&S segment provides a range of products including laser-based ~~manufacturing~~ systems ~~solutions~~ for ~~the micro-machining industry that enable customers to optimize production. The primary served markets for the Equipment & Solutions segment include flexible and rigid~~ printed circuit board (“PCB”) ~~processing/fabrication, semiconductor wafer~~manufacturing, which include flexible interconnect PCB processing systems and high-density interconnect solutions for rigid PCB manufacturing and substrate processing and ~~passive component manufacturing~~multi-layer ceramic capacitor test systems.

A significant portion of our sales is derived from products sold to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and ~~testing. The Equipment & Solutions segment’s systems incorporate specialized laser technology~~semiconductor device manufacturers. Our products are used in major semiconductor processing steps, such as depositing thin films of material onto silicon wafer substrates, etching, cleaning, lithography, metrology and ~~proprietary control software to efficiently process the materials and components that are an integral part of electronic devices and systems.~~inspection.

~~We have a diverse base of customers.~~ Approximately 59% and ~~46%~~58% of our net revenues for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively, were from sales to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers.

~~Approximately 41% and 54%~~We anticipate that the semiconductor market will continue to account for a substantial portion of our ~~net revenues, for~~sales. While the ~~six months ended June 30, 2020~~semiconductor device manufacturing market is global, major semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers are concentrated in China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and ~~2019, respectively, were from sales to customers in our advanced markets. These include, but are not limited to, industrial technologies, life and health sciences, and research and defense.~~the United States.

Net revenues ~~from~~in our semiconductor ~~capital equipment manufacture and semiconductor device manufacture customers~~market increased by ~~$107.5~~$99.0 million, or ~~50%~~32%, for the three months ended ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to an increase of ~~$96.1~~$106.2 million and $1.7 million from our ~~Vacuum & Analysis segment. Net revenues from semiconductor capital equipment manufacture~~V&A and ~~semiconductor device manufacture customers increased~~L&M segments, respectively, offset by ~~$199.7 million, or 46.0%, for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to an increase~~a decrease of ~~$180.8~~$8.9 million from our ~~Vacuum & Analysis~~E&S segment. ~~These increases were primarily driven by broad-based demand across foundry, logic and memory manufacturing activities.~~

The semiconductor capital equipment industry is subject to rapid demand shifts, which are difficult to predict, and we cannot be certain as to the timing or extent of future demand or any future weakness in the semiconductor capital equipment industry.

In addition to the semiconductor market, our products are used in the industrial technologies, life and health sciences, and research and defense markets.

Industrial technologies encompasses a wide range of diverse applications, such as flexible and rigid PCB processing/fabrication, glass coating, laser marking, measurement and scribing, natural gas and oil production, environmental monitoring and electronic thin films. Electronic thin films are a primary component of numerous electronic products including flat panel displays, light emitting diodes, solar cells and data storage media. Industrial technologies manufacturers are located in developed and developing countries across the globe.

Our products for life and health sciences are used in a diverse array of applications, including bioimaging, medical instrument sterilization, medical device manufacturing, analytical, diagnostic and surgical instrumentation, consumable medical supply manufacturing and pharmaceutical production. Our life and health sciences customers are located globally.

Our products for research and defense are sold to government, university and industrial laboratories for applications involving research and development in materials science, physical chemistry, photonics, optics and electronics materials. Our products are also sold for monitoring and defense applications including surveillance, imaging and infrastructure protection. Major equipment providers and research laboratories are concentrated in China, Europe, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States.

Approximately 41% and 42% of our net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, were from advanced markets.

Net revenues from customers in our advanced markets ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$37.3~~$59.2 million, or ~~14%~~27%, for the three months ended ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to ~~a decrease~~increases of ~~$23.9~~$33.9 million, $15.0 million and ~~$17.3~~$10.3 million from our ~~Light & Motion~~E&S, L&M and ~~Vacuum & Analysis~~V&A segments, respectively. ~~Net revenues from customers in our advanced markets decreased by $57.4 million, or 11%, for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year,~~The increases were primarily due to ~~a decrease of $56.6 million~~increases in net revenues from our ~~Light & Motion segment. Our advanced markets experienced an overall decline for the six months ended June 30, 2020 driven by a general slowdown in our~~ industrial ~~markets as well as our research market which was negatively impacted by university~~technologies and research ~~lab closures resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.~~and defense markets.

A significant portion of our net revenues is from sales to customers in international markets. For the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ international ~~net~~ revenues accounted for approximately ~~56%~~59% and ~~53%~~57%, respectively, of our total net revenues. A significant portion of our international net revenues was from China, Japan, South Korea ~~China, Japan, Germany~~ and ~~Israel.~~Taiwan. We expect international net revenues will continue to represent a significant percentage of our total net ~~revenues. Long-lived assets located in~~revenues for the ~~United States were $331.1 million and $208.3 million, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, excluding goodwill, intangible assets, and long-term tax-related accounts.~~ foreseeable future.

Long-lived assets located outside of the United States ~~were $122.0 million~~accounted for approximately 27% and ~~$131.0 million,~~31% of our total long-lived assets as of ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Long-lived assets include property, plant and ~~December 31, 2019, respectively, excluding~~equipment, net, right-of-use assets, and certain other assets and exclude goodwill, ~~and intangibles,~~intangible assets and long-term tax-related accounts.

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported. There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies since December 31, ~~2019.~~

While we do not believe that the impact on the business to date of the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered the need to perform an impairment test on goodwill, we will continue to assess the impact on our business.2020.

For further information about our critical accounting policies, please see the discussion of critical accounting policies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 in the section captioned “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the percentage of total net revenues of certain line items included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income data.

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019			2021			2020
Net revenues:
Product		86.9	%		84.7	%		86.5	%		85.2	%
Products														87.2	%		86.1	%
Services		13.1			15.3			13.5			14.8			12.8			13.9
Total net revenues		100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0
Cost of revenues:
Cost of product revenues		47.4			47.7			47.6			48.6
Cost of service revenues		7.3			7.8			7.4			7.8
Total cost of revenues (exclusive of amortization shown separately below)		54.7			55.5			55.0			56.4
Products														46.5			47.8
Services														7.1			7.5
Total cost of revenues														53.6			55.3
Gross profit		45.3			44.5			45.0			43.6			46.4			44.7
Research and development		7.9			8.8			7.9			8.6			6.8			7.9
Selling, general and administrative		15.8			17.6			16.0			17.7			13.8			16.3
Acquisition and integration costs		0.1			0.7			0.3			3.5			0.9			0.4
Restructuring and other		0.6			0.2			0.3			0.3			0.7			0.1
Amortization of intangible assets		2.5			3.7			2.8			3.6			1.8			3.0
Asset impairment		—			—			0.1			—			—			0.2
COVID-19 related net credits		(0.2	)		—			(0.1	)		—
Fees and expenses related to repricing of Term Loan		—			—			—			0.6
Income from operations		18.6			13.5			17.7			9.3			22.4			16.8
Interest income		—			0.3			0.1			0.3			—			0.1
Interest expense		1.3			2.7			1.5			2.3			0.9			1.6
Other expense, net		0.3			0.1			0.2			0.1			0.2			0.1
Income from operations before income taxes		17.0			11.0			16.1			7.2
Income before income taxes														21.3			15.2
Provision for income taxes		3.5			3.0			2.9			1.8			3.7			2.3
Net income		13.5	%		8.0	%		13.2	%		5.4	%		17.6	%		12.9	%

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020
Product	$	473.0	$	401.3	$	934.2	$	798.7
Service		71.3		72.8		145.8		139.0
Products									$	605.0	$	461.2
Services										88.9		74.5
Total net revenues	$	544.3	$	474.1	$	1,080.0	$	937.7	$	693.9	$	535.7

~~Product~~Net product revenues increased ~~$71.7 million and $135.5~~ $143.8 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020, respectively,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same ~~periods~~period in the prior ~~year. These increases were primarily attributed~~year, due to ~~increases~~an increase of $86.5 million in net product revenues from our semiconductor customers, primarily due to ~~higher~~ volume ~~of $107.6 million~~increases, and ~~$197.9 million, for these same periods, respectively, partially offset by a decrease~~an increase in net product revenues of $57.3 million from customers in our advanced markets, ~~of $35.9 million and $62.4 million, for these same periods, respectively.~~primarily due to an increase in net revenues from our customers in our industrial technologies market.

~~Service~~Net service revenues consisted mainly of fees for services related to the maintenance and repair of our products, sales of spare parts, and installation and training. ~~Service~~Net service revenues ~~decreased $1.5~~increased $14.4 million during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2020 and increased $6.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same ~~periods~~period in the prior ~~year. The changes in both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020, were~~year, primarily due to ~~changes~~an increase of $12.5 million in net service revenues from ~~customers in~~ our ~~advanced markets.~~semiconductor customers.

Total international net revenues, including product and service, were ~~$299.4 million and $603.5~~$411.1 million for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020, respectively,~~March 31, 2021, compared to $~~256.6 million and $495.8~~304.2 million for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2019, respectively. These increases were~~March 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributed to increases in net revenues in China, South Korea and ~~China.~~Taiwan.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020
Net revenues:
Vacuum & Analysis	$	314.5	$	235.6	$	633.8	$	470.0	$	435.8	$	319.3
Light & Motion		166.0		182.6		331.4		376.6		182.0		165.4
Equipment & Solutions		63.8		55.9		114.8		91.1		76.1		51.0
Total net revenues	$	544.3	$	474.1	$	1,080.0	$	937.7	$	693.9	$	535.7

Net revenues from our ~~Vacuum & Analysis~~V&A segment increased ~~$78.9 million and $163.8~~$116.5 million for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020, respectively,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same ~~periods~~period in the prior year, due to volume increases in net revenues from our semiconductor customers of ~~$96.1 million and $180.8~~$106.2 million for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020, respectively, offset by decreases~~March 31, 2021, and increases in net revenues from customers in our advanced markets of ~~$17.2~~$10.3 million, ~~and $17.0 million for the same periods, respectively,~~ primarily from customers in our ~~process and~~ industrial technologies ~~and life and health science markets.~~market.

Net revenues from our ~~Light & Motion~~L&M segment ~~decreased~~increased $16.6 ~~million and $45.2~~ million for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020, respectively,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same ~~periods~~period in the prior ~~year. The decreases were attributed~~year, primarily due to ~~decreases~~increases in net revenues from customers in our advanced markets of ~~$24.0~~$15.0 million, ~~and $56.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively,~~ primarily from customers in our ~~process~~research and industrial technologies and research markets, offset by increases in net revenues from semiconductor customers of $7.4 million and $11.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.defense market.

Net revenues from our ~~Equipment & Solutions~~E&S segment increased ~~$7.9~~$25.1 million ~~and $23.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase~~ for the three months ended ~~June 30, 2020 was attributed~~March 31, 2021, compared to ~~increases~~the same period in ~~net revenues from semiconductor customers of $4.0 million and an increase~~the prior year, due to increases in net revenues from customers in our advanced markets of ~~$3.9~~$33.9 million, primarily from customers in our ~~process and~~ industrial technologies ~~market. The increase for the six months ended June 30, 2020, was attributed to an increase~~market, partially offset by decreases in net revenues from ~~customers in~~ our ~~advanced markets of $16.2 million, primarily from customers in our process and industrial technologies market and increases in net revenues from~~ semiconductor customers of ~~$7.5~~$8.8 million. As a result of the ESI Merger, the Equipment & Solutions segment included six months of revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared with only five months of revenue in the same period in the prior year.

	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,									Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			% Points Change			2020			2019			% Points Change			2021			2020			% Points Change
Gross margin as a percentage of net revenues:
Product		45.5	%		43.6	%		1.9	%		45.0	%		42.9	%		2.1	%
Service		43.9			49.3			(5.4	)		45.1			47.8			(2.7	)
Products																				46.7	%		44.5	%		2.2	%
Services																				44.7			46.3			(1.6	)
Total gross margin		45.3	%		44.5	%		0.8	%		45.0	%		43.6	%		1.4	%		46.4	%		44.7	%		1.7	%

Gross margin ~~as a percentage of net product revenues~~for our products increased by ~~1.9 and 2.1~~2.2 percentage points for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020, respectively,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same ~~periods~~period in the prior year, primarily due to higher revenue ~~volumes.~~volumes, partially offset by higher freight and duty costs, and unfavorable absorption.

Gross margin ~~as a percentage of net service revenues~~for our services decreased by ~~5.4 and 2.7~~1.6 percentage points for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020, respectively,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same ~~periods~~period in the prior year, primarily due to unfavorable ~~absorption and unfavorable~~ mix of ~~the~~ products ~~repaired.~~serviced and higher variable compensation costs, partially offset by favorable absorption.

The following table sets forth gross margin as a percentage of net revenues by reportable segment:

	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,									Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			% Points Change			2020			2019			% Points Change			2021			2020			% Points Change
Gross margin as a percentage of net revenues:
Vacuum & Analysis		44.4	%		43.3	%		1.1	%		44.3	%		42.5	%		1.8	%		47.0	%		44.1	%		2.9	%
Light & Motion		46.1			45.7			0.4			45.8			46.8			(1.0	)		45.1			45.5			(0.4	)
Equipment & Solutions		47.2			44.5			2.7			46.5			35.3			11.2			46.1			45.6			0.5
Total gross margin		45.3	%		44.5	%		0.8	%		45.0	%		43.6	%		1.4	%		46.4	%		44.7	%		1.7	%

Gross margin for our ~~Vacuum & Analysis~~V&A segment increased by ~~1.1 and 1.8~~2.9 percentage points for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year, primarily due to higher revenue volumes.~~

~~Gross margin for our Light & Motion segment increased by 0.4 of a percentage point for the three months ended June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to ~~lower warranty cost~~higher revenue volumes and favorable product ~~mix, partially offset by lower revenue volumes.~~ mix.

Gross margin for our L&M segment decreased by ~~1.0~~0.4 percentage ~~point~~points for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to ~~lower revenue volumes,~~unfavorable absorption and higher variable compensation, partially offset by ~~lower warranty cost.~~higher revenue volumes.

Gross margin for our ~~Equipment & Solutions~~E&S segment increased by ~~2.7 and 11.2~~0.5 percentage points for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020, respectively,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same ~~periods~~period in the prior ~~year. The gross margin for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was mainly higher~~year, primarily due to ~~lower material costs~~favorable absorption, partially offset by unfavorable product mix, and higher ~~revenue volumes. The gross margin for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was lower due to the amortization of the inventory step-up adjustment to fair value from purchase accounting of $5.1 million.~~freight and duty costs.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		2021		2020
Research and development expenses	$	42.8	$	41.9	$	85.2	$	80.8
Research and development									$	47.2	$	42.4

Research and development expenses increased ~~$0.9~~$4.8 million for the three months ended ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily related to an increase of ~~$0.7~~$4.8 million in compensation-related costs, ~~and~~an increase of $0.6 million in project materials and an increase of $0.4 million in consulting and professional fees, partially offset by a decrease of ~~$0.5~~$0.3 million in travel ~~costs. Research~~costs and ~~development expenses increased $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily related to an increase of $3.7~~$0.3 million in compensation-related costs, mainly related to variable compensation, $1.0 million in professional fees, $0.6 million in occupancy costs and $0.5 million in software maintenance, partially offset by a decrease of $1.1 million in project materials and $0.5 million in travel costs.depreciation expense.

Our research and development efforts are primarily focused on developing and improving our instruments, components, subsystems and process control solutions to improve process performance and productivity.

We have thousands of products and our research and development efforts primarily consist of a large number of projects related to these products, none of which is individually material to us. Current projects typically have durations of 3 to 30 months, depending upon whether the product is an enhancement of existing technology or a new product. Our ~~current initiatives include projects~~products have continuously advanced as we strive to ~~enhance the performance characteristics of older products,~~meet our customers’ evolving needs. We have developed, and continue to develop, new products ~~and~~ to ~~integrate various technologies into subsystems. These projects support, in large part,~~address industry trends, such as the ~~transition in the semiconductor industry to smaller~~shrinking of integrated circuit ~~geometries~~critical dimensions and technology inflections, and, in the flat panel display and solar markets, the transition to larger substrate sizes, which require more advanced processing and process control ~~technology.~~technology, the continuing drive toward more complex and accurate components and devices within the handset and tablet market, the transition to 5G for both devices and infrastructure, supporting the growth in units and via counts of the high density interconnect PCB drilling market, and the industry transition to electric cars in the automotive market. In addition, we have developed, and continue to develop, products that support the migration to new classes of materials, ultra-thin layers, and 3D structures that are used in small geometry manufacturing. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel engaged in research and development, fees paid to consultants, material costs for prototypes and other expenses related to the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products.

We believe that the continued investment in research and development and ongoing development of new products are essential to the expansion of our markets. We expect to continue to make significant investment in research and development activities. We are subject to risks from products not being developed in a timely manner, as well as from rapidly changing customer requirements and competitive threats from other companies and technologies. Our success primarily depends on our products being designed into new generations of equipment for the semiconductor industry and advanced technology markets. We develop products that are technologically advanced so that they are positioned to be chosen for use in each successive generation of semiconductor capital ~~equipment.~~equipment and advanced market applications. If our products are not chosen to be designed into our customers’ products, our net revenues may be reduced during the lifespan of those products.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019			2021		2020
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	86.1	$	83.2	$	173.3	$	165.7	��
Selling, general and administrative										$	95.9	$	87.2

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased ~~$2.9~~ $8.7 million for the three months ended ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily related to an increase of ~~$6.1~~$10.8 million in compensation-related costs ~~mainly related to variable compensation,~~ and ~~$1.1~~$1.0 million in ~~information technology costs,~~commissions expense, partially offset by a decrease of ~~$3.1~~$1.5 million in travel costs, mainly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, ~~and~~ a ~~decrease of $1.5 million in professional fees.~~

~~Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $7.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year.~~ The increase was primarily related to an increase of $7.3 million in compensation-related costs, mainly related to variable compensation, $2.3 million in information technology costs and $1.4 million in insurance costs, partially offset by a $4.1$0.5 million decrease in ~~travel~~occupancy costs ~~mainly as~~and a ~~result of the COVID-19 pandemic.~~$1.0 million decrease in marketing and demo expenses.

Three Months Ended

June 30,

Six Months Ended

June 30,

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(dollars in millions)

2020

2019

2020

2019

2021

2020

Acquisition and integration costs

0.7

3.2

2.9

33.4

6.2

2.2

~~We recorded~~Acquisition and integration costs during the three months ended March 31, 2021 primarily related to consulting and professional fees related to our proposed acquisition of Coherent, Inc. Acquisition and integration costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 related to integration costs related to the ESI Merger, ~~which closed on February 1, 2019, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 consisted~~consisting primarily of cash bonus and stock-based compensation ~~costs~~ for certain ESI executives ~~from ESI who had change~~assisting in control provisions in their respective ESI employment agreements that were accounted for as dual-trigger arrangements and other stock vesting accelerations, as well as consulting and professional fees associated with the ~~ESI Merger.~~integration process.

Three Months Ended

June 30,

Six Months Ended

June 30,

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(dollars in millions)

2020

2019

2020

2019

2021

2020

Restructuring and other

3.3

1.2

3.7

3.2

4.9

0.4

Restructuring and other ~~related~~ costs during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 primarily related to severance costs due to a global cost saving initiative and duplicate facility costs attributed to entering into new leases. Restructuring and other costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily related to duplicate facility costs attributed to entering into new ~~facility~~ leases, costs related to the exit of certain product groups and costs related to the ~~closing~~closure of a facility in Europe.

~~We recorded restructuring~~ Such costs ~~during~~for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2019, which~~March 31, 2020 were ~~primarily comprised of severance costs~~offset by an insurance reimbursement related to ~~an organization-wide reduction in workforce, the consolidation of service functions in Asia and the movement of certain products to low cost regions. In addition, we recorded a charge for~~ a legal ~~settlement from a contractual obligation we assumed as part of the Newport Merger.~~settlement.

Three Months Ended

June 30,

Six Months Ended

June 30,

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(dollars in millions)

2020

2019

2020

2019

2021

2020

Amortization of intangible assets

13.8

17.6

30.1

33.3

12.4

16.3

Amortization of intangible assets decreased by ~~$3.8 million and $3.2~~$3.9 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020, respectively,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same ~~periods~~period in the prior year, primarily due to certain intangible assets in our Light & Motion segment that ~~were~~became fully amortized.

Three Months Ended

June 30,

Six Months Ended

June 30,

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(dollars in millions)

2020

2019

2020

2019

2021

2020

Asset impairment

—

1.2

—

1.2

We recorded an asset impairment charge during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2020, as a result of the write-down of long-lived assets related to the pending closure of a ~~facility.~~

We recorded costs and credits related to the COVID-19 pandemic during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. The credits related to U.S. and foreign payroll-tax related credits for maintaining our workforce during the pandemic, offset by costs which included shift premiums and bonuses.

We recorded fees and expenses related to Amendment No. 5 to our Term Loan Credit Agreement, as defined and as described further below, which provided for the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, as defined and as described further below, and which related to the ESI Merger, during the six months ended June 30, 2019.facility in Europe.

Three Months Ended

June 30,

Six Months Ended

June 30,

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(dollars in millions)

2020

2019

2020

2019

2021

2020

Interest expense, net

6.9

11.3

15.1

18.7

6.2

8.2

Interest expense, net, decreased by ~~$4.4 million and $3.6~~$2.0 million for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020, respectively,~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same ~~periods~~period in the prior year, primarily due to lower interest ~~expense as a result of lower interest~~ rates and lower average debt ~~balances.~~balances as a result of payments made.

Three Months Ended

June 30,

Six Months Ended

June 30,

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(dollars in millions)

2020

2019

2020

2019

2021

2020

Other expense, net

1.5

0.8

1.9

1.1

0.4

~~The changes in other~~Other expense, net, increased by $0.7 million for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, primarily~~March 31, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year, related to changes in foreign exchange rates.

Three Months Ended

June 30,

Six Months Ended

June 30,

Three Months Ended

March 31,

(dollars in millions)

2020

2019

2020

2019

2021

2020

Provision for income taxes

18.7

14.1

30.9

17.0

25.9

12.2

Our effective tax rates for the ~~three~~periods ended March 31, 2021 and ~~six months ended June 30,~~ 2020 were ~~20.2%~~17.5% and ~~17.8%~~15.0%, respectively. Our effective tax ~~rates~~rate for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, and related income tax expense, ~~were~~was lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate ~~mainly~~ due to the U.S. deduction for foreign derived intangible income and the geographic mix of income earned by the Company’s international subsidiaries being taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate, ~~windfall benefits of stock compensation, and the deduction for foreign derived intangible income~~ offset by the ~~tax effects of the~~U.S. global intangible ~~low taxed~~low-taxed income inclusion and additional withholding taxes on inter-company distributions due to the ~~write-off~~United Kingdom’s departure from the EU.

On March 11, 2021, President Biden signed into law the American Rescue Plan Act of ~~deferred~~2021 (“ARPA”). The act contains numerous income tax ~~assets relating~~provisions among other tax and non-tax provisions to ~~certain foreign net operating losses.~~provide COVID-19 pandemic relief. We have evaluated the ARPA legislation in relation to income taxes and we do not expect the ARPA income tax provisions effective in the current year to have a material impact on our financial statements. The ARPA income tax provisions effective in future years are being evaluated and we have not yet determined the impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In addition, on April 7, 2021, the Biden administration proposed a tax plan that would, among other things, raise the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 21% to 28%. If this tax plan is enacted in its current form, we expect our income tax expense would materially increase.

~~Gross~~As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits, which ~~exclude~~excludes interest and penalties, ~~were $45.0~~was approximately $46.5 million and ~~$43.5~~$47.0 million, ~~as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019,~~ respectively. As of June 30, 2020, if these benefits were recognized in a future period, the timing of which is not estimable, the net unrecognized tax benefit of $36.9 million, excluding interest and penalties, would impact our effective tax rate.

Over the next 12 months it is reasonably possible that we may recognize ~~$0.6~~approximately $4.0 million of previously net unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, related to U.S. federal, state and foreign tax positions as a result of the expiration of statutes of limitation. The U.S. federal statute of limitations remains open for tax years ~~2016~~2017 through present. The statute of limitations for our tax filings in other jurisdictions varies between fiscal years ~~2014~~2015 through the present. We also have certain ~~foreign,~~ federal credit carry-forwards and state tax loss and credit carry-forwards that are open to examination for tax years 2000 through the present.

On a quarterly basis, we evaluate both positive and negative evidence that affects the realizability of net deferred tax assets and assess the need for a valuation allowance. The future benefit to be derived from our deferred tax assets is dependent upon our ability to generate sufficient future taxable income in each jurisdiction of the right type to realize the assets.

Our future effective tax rate depends on various factors, including the impact of tax legislation, further interpretations and guidance from U.S. federal ~~foreign~~ and state governments on the impact of proposed regulations issued by the Interal Revenue Service, further interpretations and guidance from foreign governments, the geographic composition of our pre-tax income, ~~the results of tax audits~~ and changes in income tax reserves for unrecognized tax benefits. We monitor these factors and timely adjust our estimates of the effective tax rate accordingly. We expect that the geographic mix of pre-tax income will continue to have a favorable impact on our effective tax ~~rate, however~~rate. However, the geographic mix of pre-tax income can change based on multiple factors, resulting in changes to the effective tax rate in future periods. While we believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from our accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex application of tax law and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgment by management. Accordingly, we could record additional provisions or benefits for U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term marketable investments totaled ~~$607.0~~$909.5 million at ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, compared to ~~$524.0~~$836.0 million at December 31, ~~2019.~~2020. The primary driver in our current and anticipated future cash flows is and will continue to be cash generated from operations, consisting primarily of our net income, excluding non-cash charges and changes in operating assets and liabilities. In periods when our sales are growing, higher sales to customers will result in increased trade receivables, and inventories will generally increase as we build products for future sales. This may result in lower cash generated from operations. Conversely, in periods when our sales are declining, our trade accounts receivable and inventory balances will generally decrease, resulting in increased cash from operations.

Net cash provided by operating activities was ~~$213.9~~$126.9 million for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and resulted from net income of ~~$142.8~~$122.3 million, which included non-cash charges of ~~$87.4~~$48.5 million, offset by a net increase in working capital of ~~$16.3~~$43.9 million. The net increase in working capital was primarily due to a decrease in accrued compensation of $41.9 million, an increase in trade accounts receivable of $33.1 million and an increase in inventories of ~~$41.5~~$24.1 million, ~~and~~partially offset by an increase in accounts ~~receivable~~payable of ~~$41.3~~$36.8 million, ~~due to higher revenue levels, offset by~~ an increase in other current and non-current liabilities of ~~$21.7~~$11.8 million ~~an increase in accounts payable of $16.7 million,~~and a decrease in other current and non-current assets of ~~$16.3 million, an increase in income taxes of $8.9 million and an increase in accrued compensation of $2.9~~$6.3 million.

Net cash used in investing activities was ~~$99.4~~$9.2 million for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and was ~~primarily~~ due to ~~net purchases of short-term investments of $68.5 million and the~~ purchases of production-related equipment of ~~$30.9~~$26.5 million, offset by net sales and maturities of investments of $17.3 million.

Net cash used in financing activities was ~~$98.2~~$23.5 million for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and was primarily due to ~~repayment~~dividend payments of ~~our Term Loan Facility of $54.5~~$11.1 million, net payments on ~~short-term~~short- and long-term borrowings of ~~$17.5~~$7.1 million, and net payments related to tax payments on the vesting of employee stock awards of ~~$20.9 million, and dividend payments of $22 million. These uses were partially offset by proceeds from short-term borrowings of $16.7~~$5.3 million.

On July 25, 2011, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $200 million of our outstanding common stock from time to time in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or through other appropriate means. The timing and quantity of any shares repurchased depends upon a variety of factors, including business conditions, stock market conditions and business development activities, including but not limited to merger and acquisition opportunities. These repurchases may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. We have repurchased approximately 2.6 million shares of common stock for approximately $127 million pursuant to the program since its adoption. During the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ there were no repurchases of common stock.

Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when and if they are declared by our Board of Directors. In addition, we accrue dividend equivalents on the restricted stock units we assumed in the ESI Merger when dividends are declared by ~~the Company’s~~our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.20 per share during ~~each of~~ the first ~~and second quarters~~quarter of ~~2020, respectively,~~2021, which totaled ~~$22.0~~ $11.1million, or ~~$0.40~~$0.20 per share. Our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.20 per share during ~~each of~~ the first ~~and second quarters~~quarter of ~~2019, respectively,~~2020, which totaled ~~$21.7~~$11.0 million, or ~~$0.40~~$0.20 per share.

~~On July 27, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share to be paid on September 4, 2020 to stockholders of record as of August 24, 2020.~~

Future dividend declarations, if any, as well as the record and payment dates for such dividends, are subject to the final determination of our Board of Directors. In addition, under the terms of our Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility, each as defined and described further below, we may be restricted from paying dividends under certain circumstances.

In connection with the completion of the ~~acquisition of~~ Newport ~~Corporation (“Newport”) in April 2016 (the “Newport Merger”),~~Merger, we entered into a term loan credit agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”) with Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), that provided a senior secured term loan credit facility in the original principal amount of $780.0 million (the “2016 Term Loan Facility”), subject to increase at our option and subject to receipt of lender commitments in accordance with the Term Loan Credit Agreement (the 2016 Term Loan Facility, together with the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility and 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility (each as defined below), the “Term Loan Facility”). Prior to the effectiveness of Amendment No. 6 (as defined below), the 2016 Term Loan Facility had a maturity date of April 29, 2023. As of ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest per annum at one of the following rates selected by us: (a) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (2) the “prime rate” quoted in The Wall Street Journal, (3) a ~~London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”)~~LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for an interest period of one month adjusted for certain additional costs, plus 1.00%, and (4) a floor of 1.75%, plus, in each case, an applicable margin; or (b) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a LIBOR rate floor of 0.0%, plus an applicable margin. We have elected the interest rate as described in clause (b) of the foregoing sentence. The Term Loan Credit Agreement provides that, unless an alternate rate of interest is agreed, all loans will be determined by reference to the base rate if the LIBOR rate cannot be ascertained, if regulators impose material restrictions on the authority of a lender to make LIBOR rate loans, or for other reasons. The 2016 Term Loan Facility was issued with original issue discount of 1.00% of the principal amount thereof.

We subsequently entered into four separate repricing amendments to the 2016 Term Loan Facility, which decreased the applicable margin for LIBOR borrowings from 4.0% to 1.75%, with a LIBOR rate floor of 0.75%. As a consequence of the pricing of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility (defined below), the applicable margin for the 2016 Term Loan Facility was increased to 2.00% (from 1.75%) with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 1.00% (from 0.75%) with respect to base rate borrowings.

On September 30, 2016, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which has a maturity date of September 30, 2020, to fix the rate on $335.0 million of the then-outstanding balance of the 2016 Term Loan Facility. The rate was fixed at 1.198% per annum plus the applicable credit spread, which was 1.75% at June 30, 2020. At June 30, 2020, the notional amount of this transaction was $250.0 million and it had a fair value liability of $0.3 million.

We incurred $28.7 million of deferred finance fees, original issue discount and repricing fees related to the term loans under the 2016 Term Loan Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans using the effective interest method.

On February 1, 2019, in connection with the completion of the ESI Merger, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 5”) to the Term Loan Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 5 provided an additional tranche B-5 term loan commitment in the original principal amount of $650.0 million (the “2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility”), all of which was drawn down in connection with the closing of the ESI Merger. Pursuant to Amendment No. 5, we also effectuated certain amendments to the Term Loan Credit Agreement which ~~make~~made certain of the negative covenants and other provisions less restrictive. Prior to the effectiveness of Amendment No. 6 (as defined below), the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility had a maturity date of February 1, 2026 and bore interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, a base rate or LIBOR rate (as described above) plus, in each case, an applicable margin equal to 1.25% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.25% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. The 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility was issued with original issue discount of 1.00% of the principal amount thereof.

On April 3, 2019, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which has a maturity date of March 31, 2023, to fix the rate on $300.0 million of the then-outstanding balance of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility. The rate was fixed at 2.309% per annum plus the applicable credit spread, which was 1.75% at June 30, 2020. At June 30, 2020, the notional amount of this transaction was $300.0 million and it had a fair value liability of $15.3 million.

We incurred $11.4 million of deferred finance fees and original issue discount fees related to the term loans under the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans using the effective interest method.

On September 27, 2019, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 6”) to the Term Loan Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 6 refinanced all existing loans outstanding under the 2016 Term Loan Facility and 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility (“Existing Term Loans”) for a tranche B-6 term loan commitment in the original principal amount of $896.8 million (“2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility”). Each lender of the Existing Term Loans that elected to participate in the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility was deemed to have exchanged the aggregate outstanding principal amount of its Existing Term Loans for an equal aggregate principal amount of tranche B-6 term loans under the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility. On the effective date of Amendment No. 6 and immediately prior to the exchanges described above, we made a voluntary prepayment of $50.0 million, which was applied to the Existing Term Loans on a pro rata basis.

We incurred $2.2 million of original issue discount fees related to the term loans under the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans using the effective interest method.

As of ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, the remaining balance of deferred finance fees and original issue discount of the Term Loan Facility was ~~$10.3~~$8.9 million. A portion of the deferred finance fees and original issue discount have been accelerated in connection with the various debt prepayments and extinguishments between 2016 and 2020.

The 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility matures on February 2, 2026, and bears interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, a base rate or LIBOR rate (as described above) plus, in each case, an applicable margin equal to 0.75% with respect to base rate borrowings and 1.75% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. The 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility was issued with original issue discount of 0.25% of the principal amount thereof.

We are required to make scheduled quarterly payments each equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of the 2019 Term Loan Refinancing Facility with the balance due on February 2, 2026.

As of ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, after total principal prepayments of $575.0 million ~~(which includes a $50.0 million repayment made during the six months ended June 30, 2020)~~ and regularly scheduled principal payments of ~~$17.1~~$23.9 million, the total outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility was ~~$837.9~~$831.1 million and the interest rate was 1.9%.

Under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, we are required to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with portions of our annual excess cash flow as well as with the net cash proceeds of certain of our asset sales, certain casualty and condemnation events and the incurrence or issuance of certain debt.

All obligations under the Term Loan Facility are guaranteed by certain of our domestic subsidiaries, and are collateralized by substantially all of our assets and the assets of such subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.

The Term Loan Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and provisions relating to events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the Term Loan Facility will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the Term Loan Facility and all actions generally permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. At ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Term Loan Credit Agreement.

We entered into various interest rate swap agreements, as described further in Note 6 to the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, that exchange the variable LIBOR interest rate to a fixed rate, in order to manage the exposure to interest rate fluctuations associated with the variable LIBOR interest rate paid on the outstanding balance of the 2019 Incremental Term Loan Facility.

On February 1, 2019, in connection with the completion of the ESI Merger, we entered into an asset-based revolving credit agreement with Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, the other borrowers from time to time party thereto, and the lenders and letters of credit issuers from time to time party thereto (the “ABL Credit Agreement”), that provides a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility of up to $100.0 million, subject to a borrowing base limitation (the “ABL Facility”). On April 26, 2019, we entered into a First Amendment to the ABL Credit Agreement, which amended the borrowing base calculation for eligible inventory prior to an initial field examination and appraisal requirements. The borrowing base for the ABL Facility at any time equals the sum of: (a) 85% of certain eligible accounts; plus (b) prior to certain notice and field examination and appraisal requirements, the lesser of (i) 20% of net book value of eligible inventory in the United States and (ii) 30% of the borrowing base, and after the satisfaction of such requirements, the lesser of (i) the lesser of (A) 65% of the lower of cost or market value of certain eligible inventory and (B) 85% of the net orderly liquidation value of certain eligible inventory and (ii) 30% of the borrowing base; minus (c) reserves established by the administrative agent, in each case, subject to additional limitations and examination requirements for eligible accounts and eligible inventory acquired in an acquisition after February 1, 2019. The ABL Facility includes borrowing capacity in the form of letters of credit up to $25.0 million.

Borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, any of the following, plus, in each case, an applicable margin: (a) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (2) the “prime rate” quoted in The Wall Street Journal, (3) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for an interest period of one month adjusted for certain additional costs, plus 1.00% and (4) a floor of 0.00%; and (b) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, with a floor of 0.00%. The initial applicable margin for borrowings under the ABL Facility is 0.50% with respect to base rate borrowings and 1.50% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. Commencing with the completion of the first fiscal quarter ending after the closing of the ABL Facility, the applicable margin for borrowings thereunder is subject to upward or downward adjustment each fiscal quarter, based on the average historical excess availability during the preceding quarter.

In addition to paying interest on any outstanding principal under the ABL Facility, we are required to pay a commitment fee in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder equal to 0.25% per annum. We must also pay customary letter of credit fees and agency fees.

~~If at any time~~Under the ~~aggregate amount of~~ABL Facility, we are required to prepay amounts outstanding ~~loans, protective advances, unreimbursed letter of credit drawings and undrawn letters of credit~~ under the ABL Facility ~~exceeds~~(1) if amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility exceed the lesser of (a) the commitment amount and (b) the borrowing base, ~~we are~~in an amount required to ~~repay~~reduce such shortfall, (2) if amounts outstanding ~~loans and/or cash collateralize letters of credit, with no reduction of the commitment amount. During any period that the amount available~~ under the ABL Facility isin any currency other than U.S. dollars exceed the sublimit for such currency, in an amount required to reduce such shortfall, and (3) during any period in which we have excess availability less than the greater of ~~(i) $8.5 million and (ii)~~(a) 10.0% of the lesser of ~~(1)~~(x) the commitment amount and ~~(2)~~(y) the borrowing base and (b) $8.5 million for ~~three~~3 consecutive business days, until the time when we have excess availability ~~has been at least~~equal to or greater than the greater of ~~(i) $8.5 million and (ii)~~(A) 10.0% of the lesser of ~~(1)~~(i) the commitment amount and ~~(2)~~(ii) the borrowing base ~~in each case,~~and (B) $8.5 million for 30 consecutive ~~calendar~~ days, ~~(a “Cash Dominion Period”),~~ or during the continuance of an event of default, ~~we are required to repay outstanding loans and/or cash collateralize letters of credit~~ with ~~the cash that it is required to deposit daily~~immediately available funds in a collection account maintained with the administrative agent under the ABL Facility. During a Cash Dominion Period, we may make borrowings under the ABL Facility subject to the satisfaction of customary funding conditions.its blocked accounts.

There is no scheduled amortization under the ABL Facility. The principal amount outstanding under the ABL Facility is due and payable in full on the fifth anniversary of the closing date.

All obligations under the ABL Facility are guaranteed by certain of our domestic subsidiaries, and are collateralized by substantially all of our assets and the assets of such subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.

From the time when we have excess availability less than the greater of (a) 10.0% of the lesser of (1) the commitment amount and (2) the borrowing base and (b) $8.5 million, until the time when we have excess availability equal to or greater than the greater of (a) 10.0% of the lesser of (1) the commitment amount and (2) the borrowing base and (b) $8.5 million for 30 consecutive days, or during the continuance of an event of default, the ABL Credit Agreement requires us to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter of at least 1.0 to 1.0.

The ABL Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and provisions relating to events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the ABL Facility will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the ABL Facility and all actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. We have not borrowed against the ABL Facility to date.

Our Japanese subsidiaries have lines of credit and a financing facility with various financial institutions, ~~many~~the majority of which generally expire and are renewed at three-month intervals with the remaining having no expiration date. The lines of credit and financing facility provided for aggregate borrowings as of ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 of up to an equivalent of ~~$33.0~~$30.4 million U.S. dollars. Total borrowings outstanding under these arrangements were ~~$2.3~~$0.3 million and ~~$3.1~~$5.5 million at ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

We do not have any financial partnerships with unconsolidated entities, such as entities often referred to as structured finance, special purpose ~~entities~~ or variable interest entities, which are often established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or for other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Accordingly, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably expected to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

There have been no other changes outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ~~No.~~ 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” This standard provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to accounting guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease entities’ financial reporting burdens, as the market transitions from the LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. The standard was effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. ~~We are uncertain the effects of this standard will have on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.~~

In ~~December 2019,~~January 2021, the FASB issued ASU ~~2019-12, “Income Taxes~~2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic ~~740).~~848): Scope.” ~~This standard simplifies~~The amendments in this update clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform. Amendments in this update to the expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. The amendments in this update do not apply to contract modifications made after December 31, 2022, new hedging relationships entered into after December 31, 2022, and existing hedging relationships evaluated for effectiveness in periods after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that apply certain optional expedients in which the accounting ~~for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to~~effects are recorded through the ~~general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application and simplify U.S. GAAP for other areas~~end of ~~Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This standard is effective for annual~~the hedging relationship (including periods ~~beginning~~ after December ~~15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022.~~31, 2022). We ~~evaluated~~are in the process of evaluating the requirements of this ~~ASU~~standard and have not yet determined the impact of ~~pending~~ adoption on our consolidated financial statements. ~~We do not expect that the impact of these changes will be material to our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.~~

Information concerning market risk is contained in the section entitled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February ~~28, 2020.~~23, 2021. As of ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, there were no material changes in our exposure to market risk from December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~June 30, 2020.~~March 31, 2021. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2020,~~March 31, 2021, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

In 2016, two putative class actions lawsuit captioned Dixon Chung v. Newport Corp., et al., Case No. A-16-733154-C, and Hubert C. Pincon v. Newport Corp., et al., Case No. A-16-734039-B, were filed in the District Court, Clark County, Nevada on behalfFor a description of ~~a putative class of stockholders of Newport Corporation (“Newport”) for claims related~~our material pending legal proceedings, see Note 18 to the merger agreement (“Newport Merger Agreement”) between the Company, Newport, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”). The lawsuits named as defendants the Company, Newport, Merger Sub, and certain then current and former members of Newport’s board of directors. Both complaints alleged that Newport directors breached their fiduciary duties to Newport’s stockholders by agreeing to sell Newport through an inadequate and unfair process, which led to inadequate and unfair consideration, by agreeing to unfair deal protection devices and by omitting material information from the proxy statement. The complaints also alleged that the Company, Newport and Merger Sub aided and abetted the directors’ alleged breaches of their fiduciary duties. The Court consolidated the actions, and plaintiffs later filed an amended complaint captioned In re Newport Corporation Shareholder Litigation, Case No. A-16-733154-B, in the District Court, Clark County, Nevada, on behalf of a putative class of Newport’s stockholders for claims relatedNotes to the ~~Newport Merger Agreement. The amended complaint alleged that members~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part 1, Item 1 of Newport’s board of directors breached their fiduciary duties to Newport’s stockholders and that the Company, Newport and Merger Sub had aided and abetted these breaches and sought monetary damages, including pre- and post-judgment interest. In June 2017, the Court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss and dismissed the amended complaint against all ~~defendants but granted plaintiffs leave to amend~~.

~~On July 27, 2017, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint containing substantially similar allegations but naming only Newport’s former directors~~ as defendants. On August 8, 2017, the Court dismissed the Company and Newport from the action. The second amended complaint seeks monetary damages, including pre- and post-judgment interest. The Court granted a motion for class certificationthis Quarterly Report on September 27, 2018, appointing Mr. Pincon and Locals 302 and 612 of the International Union of Operating Engineers - Employers Construction Industry Retirement Trust as class representatives. On June 11, 2018, plaintiff Dixon Chung was voluntarily dismissed from the litigation. On August 9, 2019, plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to file a third amended complaint, which was denied on October 10, 2019. On August 23, 2019, defendants filed a motion for summary judgment. On January 23, 2020, the court entered its findings of fact, conclusions of law, and order granting defendants’ motion for summary judgment. On February 18, 2020, plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal from the court’s order granting defendants’ motion for summary judgment, as well as from the court’s prior orders granting defendants’ motion for a bench trial and denying plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file an amended complaint. On March 20, 2020, plaintiffs filed a motion to retax and settle costs, and defendants filed a motion for attorneys’ fees. A hearing on both motions is scheduled for August 4, 2020.

~~The Company~~ is subject to various legal proceedings and claims, which have arisen in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.Form 10-Q.

Information regarding risk factors affecting the Company’s business are discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 (the “Annual Report”) filed with the Securities and ~~in the Company’s Quarterly Report~~Exchange Commission on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 (the “Quarterly Report for Q1 2020”). The risk factor disclosures in the Annual Report and in the Quarterly Report for Q1 2020 are qualified by the information relating to certain export license requirements related to China that is described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.February 23, 2021. There have been no ~~other~~ material changes to the risk factors as described in our Annual ~~Report and in our Quarterly Report for Q1 2020~~.

~~Our China sales could be adversely affected by new export license requirements.~~

~~As noted in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report~~ ~~and as supplemented in our Quarterly Report for Q1 2020,~~ we are subject to trade compliance laws in the United States and in other foreign jurisdictions where we operate that require us to obtain certain export licenses prior to product shipment. For products and technology subject to the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, or “EAR”, administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, the requirement for an export license is dependent on the type, end use and destination of the product and technology, and the identity, location, and citizenship of the end user. On May 15, 2020, a change to the EAR went into effect imposing new restrictions regarding how U.S. origin, license-required technologies are utilized by or for certain designated entities. These regulations created a new export license requirement for foreign-made items that are the “direct product” of certain U.S. origin technologies. Because we do not have a significant amount of products or technologies regulated by this “direct product” rule, risks associated with the inability to obtain export licenses due to the rule have not ~~been material~~ ~~to date, and are currently not expected to be material to usin the future. On June 29, 2020, an additional change to the EAR went into effect, prohibiting exports and re-exports of designated product~~s ~~and technologies~~ ~~to military end-users in the countries of China, Russia, and Venezuela without an export license. Based on customer certifications obtained~~ ~~by MKS~~ ~~to date, this new rule has not had, and is not expected to have, a material impact on MKS.~~

However, the United States’ import and export-related regulations applicable to China remain unpredictable amidst the ongoing ‘trade war’ and it is possible that the U.S. may impose more restrictive measures, or that the Chinese government may impose countermeasures against the U.S. through its own import and export-related regulations. China is a significant market for the semiconductor equipment industry and is therefore an area of anticipated long-term growth for our business. Obtaining export licenses can be difficult, costly and time-consuming, and the failure of the U.S. Government to approve such export licenses may have severe consequences. Failure to obtain export licenses could reduce our net revenues, harm our relationships with our customers and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. In addition, the absence of comparable export license requirements on our non-U.S. competitors may adversely affect our competitive position.Report.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Massachusetts	04-2277512
(State or other jurisdiction	(I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

2 Tech Drive, Suite 201, Andover, Massachusetts	01810
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value		MKSI		Nasdaq Global Select Market

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

	ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited).	3

		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020	3

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income – Three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~	4

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – Three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~	5

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – ~~Six~~Three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~	6

		Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

	ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.	3328

	ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.	4439

	ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.	4439

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

	ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.	4640

	ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS.	4640

	ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS.	4841

SIGNATURES			4942

	December 31, 2020
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell)	Gross Notional Value		Fair Value ⁽¹⁾
U.S. dollar/Japanese yen	$	61.5	$	(1.1	)
U.S. dollar/South Korean won		62.2		(3.1	)
U.S. dollar/euro		13.1		(0.6	)
U.S. dollar/U.K. pound sterling		6.1		(0.3	)
U.S. dollar/Taiwan dollar		33.3		(1.4	)
Total	$	176.2	$	(6.5	)

									March 31, 2021		March 31, 2021			December 31, 2020
Swap	Trade Date	Effective Date	Maturity	Fixed Rate			Notional Amount at Effective Date		Notional Amount		Fair Value Asset (Liability)			Fair Value Asset (Liability)
1	April 3, 2019	April 5, 2019	March 31, 2023		2.309	%	$	300.0	$	300.0		(10.6	)		(12.4	)
2	October 29, 2020	October 26, 2021	February 28, 2025		0.485	%	$	200.0	$	—		3.1			(0.7	)
3	October 29, 2020	March 31, 2022	February 28, 2025		0.623	%	$	100.0	$	—		2.0			(0.9	)
									Total		$	(5.5	)	$	(14.0	)

2020 (remaining)	$	2.5
2021		11.7
2022		16.7
2023		15.5
2024		15.0
Thereafter		171.4
Total lease payments		232.8
Less: imputed interest		53.8
Total operating lease liabilities	$	179.0

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Vacuum & Analysis		Light & Motion		Equipment & Solutions		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	276.2	$	149.7	$	35.3	$	461.2
Services		43.1		15.7		15.7		74.5
Total net revenues	$	319.3	$	165.4	$	51.0	$	535.7

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Vacuum & Analysis		Light & Motion		Equipment & Solutions		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	191.8	$	167.3	$	42.2	$	401.3
Services		43.9		15.2		13.7		72.8
Total net revenues	$	235.7	$	182.5	$	55.9	$	474.1

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Vacuum & Analysis		Light & Motion		Equipment & Solutions		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	384.4	$	346.1	$	68.2	$	798.7
Services		85.6		30.5		22.9		139.0
Total net revenues	$	470.0	$	376.6	$	91.1	$	937.7

	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Derivative assets:
Foreign exchange contracts⁽¹⁾	$	1.6		$	1.1
Foreign currency interest rate hedge⁽²⁾		—			0.8
Derivative liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts⁽¹⁾		(0.9	)		(1.3	)
Foreign currency interest rate hedge⁽²⁾		(15.6	)		(6.5	)
Total net derivative liability designated as hedging instruments	$	(14.9	)	$	(5.9	)

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	March 31, 2021			December 31, 2020
Derivative assets:
Foreign exchange forward contracts⁽¹⁾	$	2.2		$	—
Interest rate hedge⁽²⁾		5.1			—
Derivative liabilities:
Foreign exchange forward contracts⁽¹⁾		(1.9	)		(6.5	)
Interest rate hedge⁽²⁾		(10.6	)		(14.0	)
Total net derivative liability designated as hedging instruments	$	(5.2	)	$	(20.5	)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments	2020			2019			2020			2019
Forward exchange contracts:
Net loss recognized in accumulated OCI⁽¹⁾	$	(1.0	)	$	(10.2	)	$	(7.1	)	$	(10.2	)
Net gain reclassified from accumulated OCI into income⁽²⁾	$	1.1		$	1.1		$	1.8		$	2.1

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	2020			2019			2020		2019
Forward exchange contracts:
Net loss recognized in income⁽¹⁾	$	(0.2	)	$	(0.3	)	$	—	$	(0.2	)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivatives Not Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments	2021			2020
Foreign exchange forward contracts:
Net (loss) gain recognized in income⁽¹⁾	$	(0.8	)	$	0.2

Cash paid for outstanding shares⁽¹⁾	$	1,032.7
Settlement of share-based compensation awards⁽²⁾		30.6
Total purchase price		1,063.3
Less: Cash and cash equivalents acquired		(44.1	)
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	$	1,019.2

Current assets (excluding inventory)	$	208.0
Inventory		81.7
Intangible assets		316.2
Goodwill		474.0
Property, plant and equipment		65.5
Long-term assets		9.6
Total assets acquired		1,155.0
Current liabilities		51.5
Non-current deferred taxes		33.0
Other long-term liabilities		7.2
Total liabilities assumed		91.7
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed		1,063.3
Less: Cash and cash equivalents acquired		(44.1	)
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	$	1,019.2

Completed technology - Laser	$	255.7	12 years
Completed technology - Non-Laser		18.3	10 years
Trademarks and trade names		14.4	7 years
Customer relationships		25.4	10 years
Backlog		2.4	1 year
	$	316.2

December 31, 2019:	Vacuum & Analysis		Light & Motion		Equipment & Solutions		Corporate, Eliminations & Other			Total
Segment assets:
Trade accounts receivable, net	$	185.9	$	147.2	$	40.1	$	(32.1	)	$	341.1
Inventory, net		224.8		163.7		73.5		0.1			462.1
Total segment assets	$	410.7	$	310.9	$	113.6	$	(32.0	)	$	803.2

December 21, 2020	Vacuum & Analysis		Light & Motion		Equipment & Solutions		Corporate, Eliminations & Other			Total
Segment assets:
Accounts receivable	$	229.1	$	122.6	$	51.7	$	(10.7	)	$	392.7
Inventory, net		273.3		166.1		63.7		(1.7	)		501.4
Total segment assets	$	502.4	$	288.7	$	115.4	$	(12.4	)	$	894.1

Exhibit No.		Exhibit Description

+3.1 (1)		Restated Articles of Organization of the Registrant

+3.2 (2)		Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Organization of the Registrant, as filed with the Secretary of State of Massachusetts on May 18, 2001

+3.3 (3)		Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Organization of the Registrant, as filed with the Secretary of State of Massachusetts on May 16, 2002

+3.4 (4)		Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant

+10.1(5)*		Employment Agreement, effective February 18, 2021, between Mark Gitin, the Registrant and Newport Corporation

+10.2(5)*		Employment Agreement, effective February 17, 2021, between Eric Taranto and the Registrant

31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended

31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation ~~Linkbase Document~~

~~101.DEF~~		~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition~~ Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101)

	MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

Date: ~~August 3, 2020~~May 4, 2021	By:	/s/ Seth H. Bagshaw
		Seth H. Bagshaw
		Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

Large accelerated filer

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Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company